EFSReport

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About indicators on health sector's response towards Universal Access
to HIV/AIDS preventon, care and treatment

In June 2001, Heads of State and Representatives of Governments met at the United Nations General Assembly Special
Session (UNGASS) dedicated to HIV and AIDS. At the meeting, Heads of State and Representatives of Governments issued
the Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS. The Declaration remains a powerful tool that is helping to guide and secure
action, commitment, support and resources for the AIDS response (1). The UNAIDS Secretariat facilitates the monitoring of
national and global progress against the Declaration of Commitment. This monitoring is based on the biennial submission of
national governments of Country Progress reports (2). In their Country Progress Reports, countries are requested to report
against a set of 25 core indicators. These indicators were developed and refined over three successive rounds of reporting by
the UNAIDS Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group, in close consultation with international agencies, civil society and
national governments. These indicators represent the minimum information necessary to track national responses to the
epidemic.

Footnotes:
(1) Country Progress reports are available on the UNAIDS website at:
http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/CountryProgress/2007CountryProgressAllCountries.asp
(2) More information on the Special Session, the Declaration and the monitoring of the Declaration can be found on the
UNAIDS website:
http://www.unaids.org/en/AboutUNAIDS/Goals/UNGASS.

About the UNGASS 2008 indicators

Progress in the health sector is key to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care. WHO, as the
UNAIDS co-sponsor leading the health sector response to HIV/AIDS, is committed since the 59th World Health Assembly in
2006 to monitor countries' health sector responses to HIV/AIDS, and report annually on global progress. Within this context,
WHO has developed a core framework of 39 national level indicators to monitor the availability, coverage, outcomes and
impact of priority health sector interventions for HIV prevention, treatment and care (1). The framework also includes
indicators to monitor health system components to support scale-up, such as drug procurement and supply management
and human resources. The selection of indicators has been guided by the principle of maximum alignment with related
international monitoring processes, such as the UNGASS Declaration of Commitment and indicators to monitor
interventions for women and children in collaboration with UNICEF and the Interagency Task Team on the Prevention of
HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and their Children. Data are collected from national programmes on an annual
basis in collaboration with partners. A global report on progress in the health sector towards universal access is published
each year, bringing together data from national programmes, surveys and scientific literature (2).

Footnotes:
(1) Framework for monitoring and reporting on the health sector's response towards universal access to HIV/AIDS
treatment, prevention, care and support, WHO 2007.
http://www.who.int/hiv/universalaccess2010/UAframework_Final%202Nov.pdf
(2) Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, Progress Report 2008. WHO,
UNAIDS, UNICEF 2008. http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/2008progressreport/en/index.html

Global surveillance of HIV, AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of UNAIDS and WHO. The
UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, initiated in November 1996, is the coordination and
implementation mechanism for UNAIDS and WHO to compile and improve the quality of data needed for informed decision-
making and planning at national, regional and global levels. The primary objective of the working group is to strengthen
national, regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV, AIDS and STIs. For
this purpose, the working group collaborates closely with WHO Regional Offices, national AIDS programmes and a number of
national and international institutions. The goal of this collaboration is to compile the best information available and to improve
the quality of data needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional, and global levels.

The Epidemiological Fact Sheets are one of the products of this close collaboration around the globe. Within this framework,
the Fact Sheets collate the most recent country-specific data on HIV prevalence and incidence, together with information on
behaviour determined to be important in understanding the epidemic. Information was not available on all of the agreed
indicators for many countries in 2007. However, these updated Fact Sheets do contain a wealth of information that allows for
the identification of strengths in currently existing programmes and for comparisons between countries and regions. The Fact
Sheets may also be instrumental in identifying potential partners when planning and implementing surveillance systems. The
Working Group encourages all programme managers, as well as national and international experts, to communicate new
information to the Working Group whenever it becomes available. The Working Group also welcomes suggestions for
additional indicators or information that has proven to be useful in national or international decision-making and planning.

The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI
Surveillance

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Source: UNAIDS 2008 Report on the Global AIDS epidemic. Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators.

Basic indicators

For consistency reasons the data in the table below are taken from official UN publications.

Life expectancy at birth (years)

2006

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

2005

400

WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The
World Bank, 2007

Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)

2007

16.7

UN Population Division

Under 5 mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

2006

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

2006

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

Total fertility rate (per woman)

2006

2.7

WHO Statistical Information System
(WHOSIS)

Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)

2007

22.5

UN Population Division

Population aged 15-49 (thousands)

2007

26 061

UN Population Division

Total population (thousands)

2007

48 577

UN Population Division

Demographic data

Year

Estimate

Source

% of population in urban areas

2007

UN Population Division

Annual population growth rate (%)

2005-2010

0.2

UN Population Division

Female population aged 15-24 (thousands)

2007

4 809

UN Population Division

Net primary school enrolment ratio, male (%)

2006

...

UNESCO

Adult literacy rate, female (%)

2006

86.7

UNESCO

Net primary school enrolment ratio, female (%)

2006

...

UNESCO

Human Poverty Index (ranking)

2007/2008

UNDP

Human Development Index (ranking)

2007/2008

121

UNDP

Adult literacy rate, male (%)

2006

88.5

UNESCO

Gross national income, ppp, per capita (Int.$)

2006

8 900

World Bank

Socio-economic data

Year

Estimate

Source

Per capita total expenditure on health (Int.$)

2005

811

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

Adult literacy rate, both sexes (%)

2006

UNESCO

General government expenditure on health as
% of total government expenditure on health
(Int.$)

2005

9.9

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

National funds spent by governments on HIV
and AIDS from domestic sources (million USD)

425.9

480.2

2005

2006

2007

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Adult rate (15–49) (%)

16.9

18.1

Low estimate

14.3

15.4

Low estimate

120 000

230 000

High estimate

190 000

320 000

Low estimate

2 300 000

2 800 000

High estimate

3 200 000

3 700 000

High estimate

19.9

20.9

Women (15+)

2 700 000

3 200 000

Low estimate

4 000 000

4 900 000

High estimate

5 500 000

6 600 000

2001

2007

Adults (15+) and children

4 700 000

5 700 000

High estimate

5 300 000

6 200 000

Children (0–14)

150 000

280 000

Adults (15+)

4 600 000

5 400 000

Low estimate

3 900 000

4 700 000

HIV and AIDS estimates

The estimates and data provided in the following tables relate to 2001 and 2007 unless stated otherwise. These estimates
have been produced and compiled by UNAIDS/WHO. They have been shared with national AIDS programmes for review and
comments, but are not necessarily the official estimates used by national governments. In order to calculate regional totals,
older data or regional models were used to produce minimum estimates for these countries. The estimates are given in
rounded numbers. However, unrounded numbers were used in the calculation of rates and regional totals, so there may be
minor discrepancies between the regional/global totals and the sum of the country figures. The new estimates in this report
are presented together with ranges, called 'plausibility bounds'. These bounds reflect the certainty associated with each of the
estimates. The wider the bounds, the greater the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. The extent of uncertainty depends
mainly on the type of epidemic, and the quality, coverage and consistency of a country's surveillance system. The general
methodology and tools used to produce the country-specific estimates in the table have been described in a series of papers
in Sexually Transmitted Infections 2008, 84 (Suppl 1). The estimates produced by UNAIDS/WHO are based on methods and
on parameters that are informed by advice given by the UNAIDS Reference Group on HIV/AIDS Estimates, Modelling and
Projections.

Estimated number of adults and children living with HIV

These estimates include all people whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS.

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008

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(a) Data collection method differs from the UNGASS recommended methodology
(b) Methodology not harmonized with UNGASS 2008 guidelines

Estimated number of orphans (0–17) due to AIDS

This indicator is presented only for countries with generalized epidemics.

Estimated number of children who have lost their mother or father or both parents to AIDS and who were alive and under age
17 in 2001 and 2007

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008

Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008

Low estimate

260 000

1 100 000

High estimate

590 000

1 800 000

Estimated number of orphans

2001

2007

Current living orphans

400 000

1 400 000

Support for children affected by HIV
and AIDS

2007

67 (b)

Orphans: School attendance

2007

0.81 (a)

Year

Total

This section contains information about HIV prevalence in different populations. The data reported in the tables below are
based on a database maintained by the United States Bureau of the Census where data from different sources, including
national reports, scientific publications and international conferences are compiled. To provide a simple overview of the
current situation and trends over time, summary data are given by population group, geographical area (Major urban areas
versus Outside major urban areas), and the year of survey. Studies conducted in the same year, the median prevalence
rates (in percentages) are given for each of the categories. The maximum and minimum prevalence rates observed, as well
as the total number of surveys/sentinel sites, are provided with the median to give an overview of the diversity of HIV-
prevalence results in a given population within the country. Data by sentinel site or specific study from which the medians
were calculated are printed at the end of this fact sheet in Annex 1. The differentiation between the two geographical areas
"Major urban areas" and "Outside major urban areas" is not based on strict criteria, such as the number of inhabitants. For
most countries, "Major urban areas" were considered to be the capital city and, where applicable, other metropolitan areas
with similar socio-economic patterns. The term "Outside major urban areas" considers that most sentinel sites are not located
in strictly rural areas, even if they are located in somewhat rural districts.

HIV prevalence in different populations

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Minimum

13.3

9.9

N-sites

Median

Men having
sex with men

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

Minimum

0.2

0.1

0.7

1.1

1.8

4.9

6.2

8.2

9.9

10.1

11.2

0.7

15.1

14.2

1.2

18.5

7.3

Median

0.4

1.2

1.1

2.2

6.7

8.3

16.3

18.1

21.3

22.9

7.5

26.2

19.1

15.1

30.3

N-sites

Median

47.4

61.1

50.3

Sex workers

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

50.3

61.1

50.3

Outside
major
urban
areas

Maximum

1.1

6.5

3.1

4.3

12.8

16.2

23.8

22.6

27.9

29.7

30.1

28.8

32.6

33.1

34.8

Pregnant
women

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

1.6

2.2

2.7

9.3

13.5

19.7

26.9

32.5

36.2

33.5

36.5

37.5

40.7

39.1

Median

13.3

9.9

Median

0.6

0.9

1.8

13.5

14.9

19.2

24.3

25.8

27.6

27.1

29.5

29.6

N-sites

Minimum

0.1

0.3

0.6

1.6

1.7

6.3

5.2

7.1

8.7

8.6

12.4

13.1

15.4

15.7

15.1

Median

5.6

9.5

15.3

47.8

21.7

39.9

47.1

52.3

41.8

53.7

64.3

STI patients

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

5.6

9.5

15.3

57.8

21.7

39.9

47.1

52.3

56.5

53.7

64.3

Minimum

5.6

9.5

15.3

18.7

21.7

39.9

47.1

52.3

53.7

64.3

Outside
major
urban
areas

Maximum

13.3

9.9

N-sites

Minimum

44.4

61.1

50.3

Outside
major
urban
areas

Maximum

44.2

72.2

69.5

Minimum

44.2

68.6

69.5

Median

44.2

68.1

70.4

69.5

Group

Area

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

HIV sentinel surveillance prevalence tables and maps

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Median

14.8

56.5

53.4

Minimum

0.5

53.4

N-sites

Outside
major
urban
areas

Maximum

53.4

Median

Minimum

N-sites

Truck drivers

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

N-sites

Outside
major
urban
areas

Maximum

Median

Minimum

4.7

8.7

29.8

68.5

Men having
sex with men

Major
urban
areas

N-sites

Tuberculosis
patients

Major
urban
areas

Maximum

4.7

8.7

29.8

68.5

Median

4.7

8.7

29.8

68.5

Minimum

N-sites

Group

Area

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

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Source:

Reported HIV and AIDS cases

Following UNAIDS and WHO recommendations, AIDS case reporting is conducted in most countries and HIV case reporting
is conducted in some countries. In 2006, WHO recommended to report HIV infection cases and HIV advanced infection
according to the new revision of case definitions (WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging
and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children,
http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/hivstaging/en/index.html). Data from individual AIDS cases are aggregated at the
national level and sent to WHO. However, case reports come from surveillance systems of varying quality. Reporting rates
vary substantially from country to country and low reporting rates are common in low- and middle-income countries due to
weaknesses in the health care and epidemiological systems. In addition, countries might continue to use different AIDS case
definitions.

A disadvantage of AIDS case reporting is that it only provides information on transmission patterns and levels of infection
approximately 5–10 years in the past, limiting its usefulness for monitoring recent HIV infections. Despite these caveats, HIV
and AIDS or HIV advanced infection case reporting remains an important advocacy tool and is useful in estimating the burden
of HIV-related morbidity, as well as for short-term planning of health care services. HIV advanced infection case reports also
provide information on the demographic and geographic characteristics of the affected population and on the relative
importance of the various exposure risks. In some situations, AIDS reports can be used to estimate earlier HIV infection
patterns using back-calculation. AIDS case reports and AIDS deaths have been dramatically reduced in high-income
countries with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Reported AIDS cases

Female

Both
sexes

<1996

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total

Male

A case of HIV infection is defined as an individual with HIV infection irrespective of clinical stage confirmed by laboratory criteria
according to country definitions and requirements.

Reported HIV cases

Source:

Female

Both
sexes

<1996

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total

Male

Note: In some instances, the number in the total column is not the sum of the individual years due to differing reporting,
estimation processes or available data.

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(a) Includes a private-sector estimate of more than 35 000. The national health authorities reported a number of almost 15 000 for
the public sector in September 2004.
(b) Includes a private-sector estimate of 90 000. The national health authorities reported a number of 98 688 for the public sector in
October 2005.
(c) Includes a private-sector estimate of 110 000.
(d) Includes a private-sector estimate of 100 000. The Department of Health reported a cumulative number of 371 731 for the public
sector in September 2007. WHO/UNAIDS adjusted the public sector number for attrition.

(a) Latest reported data is to December 2006.

Access to health care

Health services and care indicators

HIV prevention strategies depend on the twin efforts of care and support for those living with HIV, and targeted prevention
for all people at risk or vulnerable to the infection. It is difficult to capture such a large range of activities with one or just a
few indicators. However, a set of well-established health care indicators may help to identify general strengths and
weaknesses of health systems. Specific indicators, such as access to HIV testing and blood screening for HIV, help to
measure the capacity of health services to response to HIV and AIDS - related issues.

Skilled attendant at delivery (%)

2000-2006

WHO/UNICEF, 2008

Contraceptive prevalence rate - condoms (%)

2003j

4.7

UNPOP, 2008

One-year-old children fully immunized - DPT3 (%)

2006

WHO/UNICEF

Facilities providing antenatal care which also provide
HIV testing and counselling (%)

2006

100.0 (a)

WHO/UNICEF, 2008

One-year-old children fully immunized - Measles (%)

2006

WHO/UNICEF

Population with access to health services - total (%)

Indicators

Year

Estimate

Source

Population with access to health services - urban (%)
urban

Contraceptive prevalence rate - any method (%)

2003j

60.3

UNPOP, 2008

Population with access to health services - rural (%)
rural

Estimated number of people needing antiretroviral therapy based on UNAIDS/WHO
methodology

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008

Antiretroviral therapy

Total

179

362

2005

2007

Reported number of sites that are providing antiretroviral therapy

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008

Estimated number of people receiving and needing antiretroviral therapy at the end of each year are rounded. The coverage
estimates are based on the estimated unrounded numbers of people - all age groups - receiving antiretroviral therapy and the
estimated unrounded need for antiretroviral therapy (based on UNAIDS/WHO methodology). The ranges in coverage
estimates are based on plausibility bounds in the denominator: that is, low and high estimates of need. No coverage has
been calculated where the estimated need is less than 500. Reported numbers of people receiving treatment in 2006 and
2007 are published in the document mentioned below.
Source: 2006 and 2007 data are derived from: (1) WHO, UNAIDS and UNICEF. Towards universal access: scaling up priority
HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress report, June 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 and for
earlier years from (2) the WHO/UNAIDS Global Online Database.

Estimated number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy

Low estimate

47 000

178 000

309 000

398 000

High estimate

62 000

235 000

341 000

520 000

2004 (a)

2005 (b)

2006 (c)

2007 (d)

Both sexes

55 000

207 000

325 000

460 000

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008

Low estimate

940 000

1 100 000

1 200 000

1 300 000

High estimate

1 600 000

1 800 000

1 900 000

2 100 000

2004

2005

2006

2007

Both sexes

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 500 000

1 700 000

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Source:

Year

Male

Female

15–49

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 who have had more than one partner the past 12
months reporting the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse

Source:

Year

Male

Female

15–49

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 who have had sexual intercourse with more than
one partner in the last 12 months

2005

Year

Both sexes

Male

Female

15–24

Percentage of young people aged 15–24 who have had sexual intercourse before the age of 15

Source: MEASURE DHS

Number of people aged 15 years and over who received HIV testing and counselling in the last
12 months and know the result

The number refers to anyone receiving HIV testing and counselling (TC) in the last 12 months, regardless of the setting.
These numbers will be aggregated from records where TC is recorded, and can include records from ANC, TB clinics,
hospitals etc, standalone VCT sites and work sites, and mobile and home based TC and any other venue or approach.

Male

Female

Reporting period

Both sexes

Source:

Knowledge and behaviour

Percentage of young people aged 15–24 who both correctly identify two ways of preventing the
sexual transmission of HIV and who reject two misconceptions about HIV transmission

2005

Year

Both sexes

Male

Female

15–24

In most countries the HIV epidemic is related to behaviours that expose individuals to the virus and so increase the risk of
infection. Information on knowledge about HIV and the level and frequency of risk behaviours related to the transmission of
HIV is important in identifying and better understanding populations most at risk for HIV. Many prevention programs focus
on increasing people’s knowledge about sexual transmission, hoping to overcome the misconceptions that may be acting
as a disincentive to behaviour change toward safer behaviours. Information on behaviours is also critical for assessing
changes over time as a result of prevention efforts. One of the main goals of second generation HIV surveillance systems is
to promote a standard set of indicators to monitor trends in behaviours and to target prevention interventions. In most
countries, it is important to collect information on higher risk male-male sex, on sexual behaviour among sex workers, on
both injecting behaviour and sexual behaviour among injecting drug users, and on sexual behaviours in other groups that
may be at higher risk. Finally, sexual behaviours among the general population and among young people are of interest in
many countries, as the promotion of safer sex is at the core of HIV prevention programmes.

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Low estimate

High estimate

2004

2005

2006

2007

Total

Estimated percentage of pregnant women living with HIV who received antitretrovirals for
preventing mother-to-child transmission

Source: UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO, 2008

Number of pregnant women living with HIV who received antiretrovirals for preventing
mother-to-child transmission

Total

32 541

75 077

111 357

127 164

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO, 2008

Source: WHO/UNICEF, 2008

Estimated number of pregnant women living with HIV needing antiretrovirals for
preventing mother-to-child transmission based on UNAIDS/WHO methodology

Antenatal care coverage (%)

2000–2006

Year

Value

Estimated numbers of pregnant women living with HIV needing antiretroviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission
at the end of each year are rounded. The coverage estimates are based on the unrounded numbers of HIV-infected
pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy and the estimated unrounded need for antiretroviral therapy (based on
UNAIDS/WHO methodology). Ranges around the levels of coverage are based on the uncertainty ranges around the
estimates of need. Point estimates and ranges are given for countries with a generalized epidemic, whereas only ranges are
given for countries with a concentrated epidemic. In general, the uncertainty around the estimates of need for preventing
mother-to-child transmission in countries with a concentrated epidemic does not allow for releasing point estimates.
Source: (1) WHO, UNAIDS and UNICEF. Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health
sector. Progress report, June 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. (2) UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO. Children
and AIDS: second stocktaking report, New York, UNICEF, 2008. (3) the WHO/UNAIDS Global Online Database.

Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008

Percentage of donated blood units screened for HIV in a quality-assured manner

Opiod substitute therapy

Needle exchange programs

Number of centers

Number of people

attending services

Estimation of

coverage

Year

Low estimate

190 000

180 000

High estimate

260 000

2004

2005

2006

2007

Total

220 000

Prevention indicators

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)

Prevention indicators among injecting drugs users

Source:

100

Percentage

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Sources

Data presented in this Epidemiological Fact Sheet come from several sources, including global, regional and country
reports, published documents and articles, posters and presentations at international conferences, and estimates produced
by UNAIDS, WHO and other United Nations agencies. This section contains a list of the more relevant sources used for the
preparation of the Fact Sheet. Where available, it also lists selected national Web sites where additional information on HIV
and AIDS and STI are presented and regularly updated. However, UNAIDS and WHO do not warrant that the information in
these sites is complete and correct and shall not be liable whatsoever for any damages incurred as a result of their use.

WHO, UNICEF and UNAIDS, Universal Access Progress Report, June 2008

WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank, 2007

World Contraceptive Use 2005 database. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United
Nations.

WHOSIS

World Bank

World Health Statistics 2008, WHO

WHO/UNICEF estimates of national coverage for year 2004 (as of September 2005).
(http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/immunization_coverage/en/index4.html)

WHO/UNICEF, 2008

UNAIDS. 2008 Report on the Global AIDS epidemic. Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators.

UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO, 2008

MEASURE DHS

United Nations Population Division

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008

2007 Report on the global AIDS epidemic

United Nations Development Programme

Websites

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Annex: HIV surveillance prevalence by site

iLembe
district

39.1

Hlabisa
district

23.7

Helderberg
district

19.0

19.1

18.8

George
district

10.0

13.3

Gauteng
Province

29.6

33.1

32.4

30.8

Free State
Province

0.6

1.5

3.1

4.3

9.9

11.0

17.9

19.6

22.8

27.9

30.1

28.8

30.1

29.5

30.3

31.1

Gert Sibande
district

38.9

Gugulethu/N
yanga district

16.1

29.1

Gugulethu
district

28.1

Greater
Athlone
district

6.8

16.4

Blaauwberg
district

1.2

Amatole
district

28.7

Amajuba
district

46.0

Bojanala
district

33.6

Bredasdorp/
Swellendam
district

10.0

Bophirima
district

15.4

21.8

Bojonala
Platinum
district

30.4

Gauteng
Province

0.7

1.1

2.5

4.1

7.3

12.0

18.7

17.1

22.5

23.9

28.4

29.8

31.6

Pregnant
women

Major urban
areas

Eastern
Cape
Province

0.4

0.6

1.0

1.9

4.6

6.0

8.2

12.6

15.9

18.0

20.2

21.7

23.6

27.1

28.0

29.5

28.6

Fezile Dabi
district

29.5

Johannesbur
g

30.6

Outside major
urban areas

Alfred Ndzo
district

25.1

Western
Cape
Province

0.1

0.3

0.6

1.6

1.7

4.0

6.3

5.2

7.1

8.7

8.6

12.4

13.1

15.4

15.7

15.1

KwaZulu-
Natal
Province

1.6

2.2

2.7

9.3

13.5

21.0

19.7

26.9

32.5

36.2

33.5

36.5

37.5

40.7

39.1

Cacadu
district

22.8

Eden district

11.5

Chris Hani
district

27.1

Ceres/Tulba
gh district

6.2

10.5

Ehlanzeni
district

31.9

F Baard
district

22.7

eThekwini
district

41.6

Ekurhuleni
district

32.3

Cape Town
Central
district

3.7

13.7

Caledon/Her
manus
district

13.0

12.5

Caledon
Hermanus
district

14.2

Cape Win
(Boland)
district

13.2

Central
Karoo district

5.5

8.9

Central
district

26.3

23.6

Capricorn
district

24.2

Group

Area

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

18 of 19

18/02/2009

Tshepong
Hospital

31.1

Thabo
Mofutsanyan
e district

32.2

Stellenbosch
district

7.1

17.8

Tygerberg
Western
district

7.9

15.1

Tygerberg
Eastern
district

6.1

15.1

Tshwane
district

26.5

Sisonke
district

31.9

Sekhukhune
district

16.1

Sedibeng
district

35.0

Southern
district

31.5

South
Peninsula
district

5.9

12.1

Siyanda
district

12.3

Ugu district

38.9

Umkhanyaku
de district

36.3

uMgungundl
ovu district

44.4

Ukhahlamba
district

27.9

Malmesbury
district

2.7

6.2

Limpopo
Province

17.5

19.3

21.5

20.6

Lejweleputs
wa district

34.1

Mossel
Bay/Langebe
rg district

7.0

12.5

Mopani
district

24.7

Mitchells
Plain district

0.7

12.9

Khayelitsha
district

22.0

27.2

33.0

Pregnant
women

Outside major
urban areas

Kgalagadi
district

18.4

Plettenberg
Bay district

15.6

Knysna/Plett
enberg Bay
district

13.3

17.4

Knysna
district

15.6

Klein Karoo
district

0.8

6.5

Motheo
district

30.5

OR Tambo
district

29.7

Oostenberg
district

5.7

16.1

15.3

Northern
Province

0.3

0.5

1.1

1.8

3.0

4.9

7.5

8.2

11.5

11.4

13.2

14.5

15.6

Pixley district

10.7

Paarl district

8.3

8.9

Overberg
district

13.0

Nkangala
district

26.8

Nelson
Mandela
Metro district

31.9

Mpumalanga
Province

0.4

1.2

2.2

2.4

12.8

16.2

16.3

22.6

30.0

27.3

29.7

29.2

28.6

32.6

30.8

34.8

32.1

Northern
Cape
Province

0.2

0.1

0.7

1.1

1.8

5.3

6.2

8.6

9.9

10.1

11.2

15.9

15.1

16.7

17.6

18.5

15.6

North-West
Province

1.1

6.5

0.9

2.2

6.7

8.3

23.8

18.1

21.3

23.0

22.9

25.2

26.2

31.8

29.0

North West
Province

29.9

26.7

Group

Area

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

19 of 19

18/02/2009

Cape Town

13.3

9.9

Outside major
urban areas

Bophuthatsw
ana Republic

Men having
sex with men

Major urban
areas

Durban (1)

Outside major
urban areas

Cape Town

Natal
Province

Durban (1)

39.9

47.1

52.3

56.5

53.7

64.3

45.0

Truck drivers

Major urban
areas

KwaZulu-
Natal
Province

56.0

Durban (2)

41.8

Johannesbur
g

5.6

9.5

15.3

18.7

21.7

Esselen
Street Clinic

41.0

Tuberculosis
patients

Major urban
areas

Johannesbur
g

Hlabisa
Hospital

29.0

42.0

43.0

46.0

55.0

Hlabisa
district

35.0

58.0

68.0

53.4

Khayelitsha

58.0

Soweto

38.0

Port
Shepstone

52.0

KwaZulu
region

4.7

8.7

King George
V Hospital

KwaZulu-
Natal
Province

68.5

Outside major
urban areas

Ciskei region

0.5

Rietfontein
Hospital

29.8

Vredendal
district

1.3

5.8

Vredenburg
district

8.9

13.0

Waterberg
district

27.5

West Rand
district

34.6

West Coast
district

7.3

Pregnant
women

Outside major
urban areas

Umzinyathi
district

27.9

STI patients

Major urban
areas

Durban

57.8

Uthukela
district

35.1

Vhembe
district

14.1

Uthungulu
district

34.6

Worcester/R
obertson
district

5.7

8.4

Five sites

44.2

Carletonville
district

70.0

Gauteng
Province

69.5

Six sites

56.0

Khutsong

67.2

72.2

Zululand
district

36.9

Xhariep
district

19.7

Sex workers

Major urban
areas

Esselen
Street Clinic

44.4

Outside major
urban areas

Carletonville

69.0

68.6

KwaZulu-
Natal
Province

50.3

61.1

50.3

Group

Area

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006