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Skeletal Muscle Alterations
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Evidence demonstrates that living and working in weightlessness induces serious, non-permanent changes in muscles which may inhibit piloting, egress, and useful work. Reduced workload causes muscles to decrease in size, strength and endurance. There are changes also in muscle protein composition. Mitigation requires: understanding of hormonal and nutritional aspects of muscle change in weightlessness; development of prescription modalities and identification of compliance factors; development and testing of pharmacological countermeasures and effective exercise regimes; and an understanding of how skeletal muscle deficits are reflected in other organ systems. Technology developments include: advanced noninvasive monitoring of hormonal levels, muscle function and strength, and nutritional status; individual exercise regimes; and extended shelf-life pharmacological agents.
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