 |
|
JAMA-EXPRESS
Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Risk of Prostate Cancer and Other CancersThe Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)
Scott M. Lippman, MD;
Eric A. Klein, MD;
Phyllis J. Goodman, MS;
M. Scott Lucia, MD;
Ian M. Thompson, MD;
Leslie G. Ford, MD;
Howard L. Parnes, MD;
Lori M. Minasian, MD;
J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH;
Jo Ann Hartline, MPH;
J. Kellogg Parsons, MD, MHS;
James D. Bearden III, MD;
E. David Crawford, MD;
Gary E. Goodman, MD;
Jaime Claudio, MD;
Eric Winquist, MD, MSc;
Elise D. Cook, MD;
Daniel D. Karp, MD;
Philip Walther, MD;
Michael M. Lieber, MD;
Alan R. Kristal, DrPH;
Amy K. Darke, MS;
Kathryn B. Arnold, MS;
Patricia A. Ganz, MD;
Regina M. Santella, PhD;
Demetrius Albanes, MD;
Philip R. Taylor, MD, ScD;
Jeffrey L. Probstfield, MD;
T. J. Jagpal, CCRP;
John J. Crowley, PhD;
Frank L. Meyskens Jr, MD;
Laurence H. Baker, DO;
Charles A. Coltman Jr, MD
JAMA. 2009;301(1):39-51. Published online December 9, 2008 (doi:10.1001/jama.2008.864).
Context Secondary analyses of 2 randomized controlled trials and supportive epidemiologic and preclinical data indicated the potential of selenium and vitamin E for preventing prostate cancer.
Objective To determine whether selenium, vitamin E, or both could prevent prostate cancer and other diseases with little or no toxicity in relatively healthy men.
Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]) of 35 533 men from 427 participating sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico randomly assigned to 4 groups (selenium, vitamin E, selenium + vitamin E, and placebo) in a double-blind fashion between August 22, 2001, and June 24, 2004. Baseline eligibility included age 50 years or older (African American men) or 55 years or older (all other men), a serum prostate-specific antigen level of 4 ng/mL or less, and a digital rectal examination not suspicious for prostate cancer.
Interventions Oral selenium (200 µg/d from L-selenomethionine) and matched vitamin E placebo, vitamin E (400 IU/d of all rac- -tocopheryl acetate) and matched selenium placebo, selenium + vitamin E, or placebo + placebo for a planned follow-up of minimum of 7 years and a maximum of 12 years.
Main Outcome Measures Prostate cancer and prespecified secondary outcomes, including lung, colorectal, and overall primary cancer.
Results As of October 23, 2008, median overall follow-up was 5.46 years (range, 4.17-7.33 years). Hazard ratios (99% confidence intervals [CIs]) for prostate cancer were 1.13 (99% CI, 0.95-1.35; n = 473) for vitamin E, 1.04 (99% CI, 0.87-1.24; n = 432) for selenium, and 1.05 (99% CI, 0.88-1.25; n = 437) for selenium + vitamin E vs 1.00 (n = 416) for placebo. There were no significant differences (all P>.15) in any other prespecified cancer end points. There were statistically nonsignificant increased risks of prostate cancer in the vitamin E group (P = .06) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the selenium group (relative risk, 1.07; 99% CI, 0.94-1.22; P = .16) but not in the selenium + vitamin E group.
Conclusion Selenium or vitamin E, alone or in combination at the doses and formulations used, did not prevent prostate cancer in this population of relatively healthy men.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00006392
Author Affiliations: Divisions of Cancer Medicine (Drs Lippman and Karp) and Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences (Drs Lippman and Cook), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Dr Klein); Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, Washington (Dr Crowley and Mss P. Goodman, Hartline, Darke, and Arnold); Department of Pathology (Dr Lucia) and Division of Urologic Oncology (Dr Crawford), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver; Departments of Urology (Dr Thompson) and Medicine/Hematology and Medical Oncology (Dr Coltman), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Division of Cancer Prevention (Drs Ford, Parnes, and Minasian) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (Drs Albanes and Taylor), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston VA Healthcare Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Gaziano); Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California (Dr Parsons); Upstate Carolina CCOP, Spartanburg, South Carolina (Dr Bearden); Division of Hematology and Oncology, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington (Dr G. Goodman); Altamira Family Medicine, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico (Dr Claudio); London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada (Dr Winquist); Department of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Walther); Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Lieber); Departments of Epidemiology (Dr Kristal) and Medicine and Cardiology (Dr Probstfield), University of Washington, Seattle; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (Dr Ganz); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York (Dr Santella); Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Mr Jagpal); Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Irvine, Orange (Dr Meyskens); and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan (Dr Baker), and Southwest Oncology Group (Drs Baker and Coltman), Ann Arbor, Michigan.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
RELATED LETTERS
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation for Cancer Prevention
Margaret P. Rayman, Gerald F. Combs, Jr, and David J. Waters
JAMA. 2009;301(18):1876.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation for Cancer Prevention
Rachel Hurst and Susan Fairweather-Tait
JAMA. 2009;301(18):1876-1877.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Antioxidant Supplementation and Cancer Prevention
Paul F. Pinsky
JAMA. 2009;301(18):1878.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
RELATED ARTICLES
Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Prostate and Total Cancer in Men: The Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial
J. Michael Gaziano, Robert J. Glynn, William G. Christen, Tobias Kurth, Charlene Belanger, Jean MacFadyen, Vadim Bubes, JoAnn E. Manson, Howard D. Sesso, and Julie E. Buring
JAMA. 2009;301(1):52-62.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplementation for Cancer Prevention: First Bias, Now Chance—Next, Cause
Peter H. Gann
JAMA. 2009;301(1):102-103.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Higher Selenium Status is Associated with Adverse Blood Lipid Profile in British Adults
Stranges et al.
J. Nutr. 2010;140:81-87.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Clinical Cancer Advances 2009: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening--A Report From the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Petrelli et al.
JCO 2009;27:6052-6069.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Blood Glutathione Peroxidase-1 mRNA Levels Can Be Used as Molecular Biomarkers to Determine Dietary Selenium Requirements in Rats
Sunde et al.
Exp. Biol. Med. 2009;234:1271-1279.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Selenium modifies the osteoblast inflammatory stress response to bone metastatic breast cancer
Chen et al.
Carcinogenesis 2009;30:1941-1948.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Eating Fish and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A population-based, prospective follow-up study
van Woudenbergh et al.
Diabetes Care 2009;32:2021-2026.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Molecular Consequences of Genetic Variations in the Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Selenoenzyme
Zhuo et al.
Cancer Res. 2009;69:8183-8190.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Role of Micronutrients in Managing Diabetes
Chehade et al.
Diabetes Spectr. 2009;22:214-218.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Effect of Dietary Selenium and Cigarette Smoke on Pulmonary Cell Proliferation in Mice
Li et al.
Toxicol Sci 2009;111:247-253.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Brown et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2009;3:337-348.
ABSTRACT
Reduced Serum Selenoprotein P Concentrations in German Prostate Cancer Patients
Meyer et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:2386-2390.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Negation of the cancer-preventive actions of selenium by over-expression of protein kinase C{varepsilon} and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase
Gundimeda et al.
Carcinogenesis 2009;30:1553-1561.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Methylselenol, a Selenium Metabolite, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G1 Phase and Apoptosis via the Extracellular-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway and Other Cancer Signaling Genes
Zeng et al.
J. Nutr. 2009;139:1613-1618.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Wright and Albanes
Cancer Res. 2009;69:6756-6756.
FULL TEXT
What's new in prostate cancer screening and prevention?
KLEIN
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2009;76:439-445.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Dietary Supplement Use and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial
Neuhouser et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:2202-2206.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Selenium, Genetic Variation, and Prostate Cancer Risk: Epidemiology Reflects Back on Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial
Platz and Lippman
JCO 2009;27:3569-3572.
FULL TEXT
{alpha}-Keto acid metabolites of organoselenium compounds inhibit histone deacetylase activity in human colon cancer cells
Nian et al.
Carcinogenesis 2009;30:1416-1423.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Association of Plasma Micronutrient Levels and Urinary Isoprostane with Risk of Lung Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Epplein et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:1962-1970.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Food Extracts for Chemoprevention: Quo Vadis?
Meyskens
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:608-610.
FULL TEXT
{alpha}-Keto Acid Metabolites of Naturally Occurring Organoselenium Compounds as Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Lee et al.
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:683-693.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Serum Selenium Concentrations and Hypertension in the US Population
Laclaustra et al.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2:369-376.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cancer Prevention: From 1727 to Milestones of the Past 100 Years
Lippman and Hawk
Cancer Res. 2009;69:5269-5284.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Screening for Prostate Cancer
Brawley et al.
CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:264-273.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
What does it take to put an ugly fact through the heart of a beautiful hypothesis?
Haynes and Haynes
Evid. Based Med. 2009;14:68-69.
FULL TEXT
Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate and Green Tea Catechins: United They Work, Divided They Fail
Bode and Dong
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:514-517.
FULL TEXT
Molecular Profiles of Finasteride Effects on Prostate Carcinogenesis
Li and Kim
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:518-524.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cancer Prevention Research: Back to the Future
Lippman
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:503-513.
FULL TEXT
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation for Cancer Prevention
Rayman et al.
JAMA 2009;301:1876-1876.
FULL TEXT
Antioxidant Supplementation and Cancer Prevention
Pinsky
JAMA 2009;301:1878-1878.
FULL TEXT
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation for Cancer Prevention
Hurst and Fairweather-Tait
JAMA 2009;301:1876-1877.
FULL TEXT
Associations between {alpha}-Tocopherol, {beta}-Carotene, and Retinol and Prostate Cancer Survival
Watters et al.
Cancer Res. 2009;69:3833-3841.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Combination of Micronutrients Is Beneficial in Reducing the Incidence of Prostate Cancer and Increasing Survival in the Lady Transgenic Model
Venkateswaran et al.
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:473-483.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Methyl-Selenium Compounds Inhibit Prostate Carcinogenesis in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Model with Survival Benefit
Wang et al.
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:484-495.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Acknowledge and fix the multiple testing problem
Young
Int J Epidemiol 2009;0:dyp188v1-dyp188.
FULL TEXT
Reply to B Bekaert and MP Rayman
Allen
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;89:1277-1277.
FULL TEXT
Potential Stages for Prostate Cancer Prevention with Selenium: Implications for Cancer Survivors
Facompre and El-Bayoumy
Cancer Res. 2009;69:2699-2703.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Cancer Prevention: Role of Nutrigenetics
Ambrosone and Tang
Cancer Prevention Research 2009;2:298-300.
FULL TEXT
Nutritional Prevention of Cancer: New Directions for an Increasingly Complex Challenge
Kristal and Lippman
JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:363-365.
FULL TEXT
Selenium and Vitamin E: Cell Type- and Intervention-Specific Tissue Effects in Prostate Cancer
Tsavachidou et al.
JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:306-320.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Selenium and Vitamin E: Interesting Biology and Dashed Hope
Klein
JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:283-285.
FULL TEXT
Antioxidants: SELECTed out?
Block
Integr Cancer Ther 2009;8:5-8.
Commentary: Antioxidants for Cancer: New Tricks for an Old Dog?
Sharifi
The Oncologist 2009;14:213-215.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Selenium, Vitamin E, and Prostate Cancer
JWatch Oncology and Hematology 2009;2009:4-4.
FULL TEXT
The Outcome of Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) Reveals the Need for Better Understanding of Selenium Biology
Hatfield and Gladyshev
Mol. Interv. 2009;9:18-21.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Vitamin Supplementation and Prostate Cancer
JWatch General 2009;2009:1-1.
FULL TEXT
Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplementation for Cancer Prevention: First Bias, Now Chance--Next, Cause
Gann
JAMA 2009;301:102-103.
FULL TEXT
Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer
Brawley et al.
Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book 2009;2009:62-64.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Diet, Exercise, and Supplements: Guidelines for Cancer Survivors
Ligibel et al.
Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book 2009;2009:541-547.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
|
