Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
p
I
(
JP
) =
1
2
(
1
2
+) Status:
∗ ∗∗∗
p
MASS (atomic mass units u)
p
MASS (atomic mass units u)
p
MASS (atomic mass units u)
p
MASS (atomic mass units u)
The mass is known much more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than in
MeV. See the next data block.
VALUE
(u)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
1
.
00727646677
±
0
.
00000000010
1
.
00727646677
±
0
.
00000000010
1
.
00727646677
±
0
.
00000000010
1
.
00727646677
±
0
.
00000000010
MOHR
08
RVUE 2006 CODATA value
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
1
.
00727646688
±
0
.
00000000013
MOHR
05
RVUE 2002 CODATA value
1
.
00727646688
±
0
.
00000000013
MOHR
99
RVUE 1998 CODATA value
1
.
007276470
±
0
.
000000012
COHEN
87
RVUE 1986 CODATA value
p
MASS (MeV)
p
MASS (MeV)
p
MASS (MeV)
p
MASS (MeV)
The mass is known much more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than
in MeV. The conversion from u to MeV, 1 u = 931.494028
±
0.000023
MeV/
c
2 (MOHR 08, the 2006 CODATA value), involves the relatively
poorly known electronic charge.
VALUE
(MeV)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
938
.
272013
±
0
.
000023
938
.
272013
±
0
.
000023
938
.
272013
±
0
.
000023
938
.
272013
±
0
.
000023
MOHR
08
RVUE 2006 CODATA value
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
938
.
272029
±
0
.
000080
MOHR
05
RVUE 2002 CODATA value
938
.
271998
±
0
.
000038
MOHR
99
RVUE 1998 CODATA value
938
.
27231
±
0
.
00028
COHEN
87
RVUE 1986 CODATA value
938
.
2796
±
0
.
0027
COHEN
73
RVUE 1973 CODATA value
¯
¯
m
p
−
m
p
¯
¯
/
m
p
¯
¯
m
p
−
m
p
¯
¯
/
m
p
¯
¯
m
p
−
m
p
¯
¯
/
m
p
¯
¯
m
p
−
m
p
¯
¯
/
m
p
A test of
CPT
invariance. Note that the comparison of the
p
and
p
charge-
to-mass ratio, given in the next data block, is much better determined.
VALUE
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
90
1 HORI
06
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
8
90
1 HORI
03
SPEC
p e
−
4He,
p e
−
3He
<
6
×
10
−
8
90
1 HORI
01
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
<
5
×
10
−
7
2 TORII
99
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
1 HORI 01, HORI 03, and HORI 06 use the more-precisely-known constraint on the
p
charge-to-mass ratio of GABRIELSE 99 (see below) to get their results. Their results are
not independent of the HORI 01, HORI 03, and HORI 06 values for
¯
¯
qp
+
qp
¯
¯
/
e
, below.
2 TORII 99 uses the more-precisely-known constraint on the
p
charge-to-mass ratio of
GABRIELSE 95 (see below) to get this result. This is not independent of the TORII 99
value for
¯
¯
qp
+
qp
¯
¯
/
e
, below.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 1
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
p
/
p
CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO,
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
/(
q
p
m
p
)
p
/
p
CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO,
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
/(
q
p
m
p
)
p
/
p
CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO,
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
/(
q
p
m
p
)
p
/
p
CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO,
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
/(
q
p
m
p
)
A test of
CPT
invariance. Listed here are measurements involving the
inertial
masses. For a discussion of what may be inferred about the ratio
of
p
and
p gravitational
masses, see ERICSON 90; they obtain an upper
bound of 10
−
6–10
−
7 for violation of the equivalence principle for
p
’s.
VALUE
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
0
.
99999999991
±
0
.
00000000009
0
.
99999999991
±
0
.
00000000009
0
.
99999999991
±
0
.
00000000009
0
.
99999999991
±
0
.
00000000009
GABRIELSE
99
TRAP Penning trap
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
1
.
0000000015
±
0
.
0000000011
3 GABRIELSE
95
TRAP Penning trap
1
.
000000023
±
0
.
000000042
4 GABRIELSE
90
TRAP Penning trap
3 Equation (2) of GABRIELSE 95 should read
M
(
p
)/
M
(
p
) = 0
.
999 999 9985 (11)
(G. Gabrielse, private communication).
4 GABRIELSE 90 also measures
mp
/
m
e
−
= 1836
.
152660
±
0
.
000083 and
mp
/
m
e
−
= 1836
.
152680
±
0
.
000088. Both are completely consistent with the 1986 CODATA
(COHEN 87) value for
mp
/
m
e
−
of 1836
.
152701
±
0
.
000037.
(
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
–
q
p
m
p
)/
q
p
m
p
(
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
–
q
p
m
p
)/
q
p
m
p
(
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
–
q
p
m
p
)/
q
p
m
p
(
¯
¯
q
p
m
p
¯
¯
–
q
p
m
p
)/
q
p
m
p
A test of
CPT
invariance. Taken from the
p
/
p
charge-to-mass ratio,
above.
VALUE
DOCUMENT ID
(
−
9
±
9)
×
10
−
11 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
9
±
9)
×
10
−
11 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
9
±
9)
×
10
−
11 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
9
±
9)
×
10
−
11 OUR EVALUATION
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
p
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
p
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
p
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
p
¯
¯
±
e
A test of
CPT
invariance. Note that the comparison of the
p
and
p
charge-
to-mass ratios given above is much better determined. See also a similar
test involving the electron.
VALUE
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
<
2
×
10
−
9
90
5 HORI
06
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
8
90
5 HORI
03
SPEC
p e
−
4He,
p e
−
3He
<
6
×
10
−
8
90
5 HORI
01
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
<
5
×
10
−
7
6 TORII
99
SPEC
p e
−
He atom
<
2
×
10
−
5
7 HUGHES
92
RVUE
5 HORI 01, HORI 03, and HORI 06 use the more-precisely-known constraint on the
p
charge-to-mass ratio of GABRIELSE 99 (see above) to get their results. Their results
are not independent of the HORI 01, HORI 03, and HORI 06 values for
¯
¯
mp
−
mp
¯
¯
/
mp
,
above.
6 TORII 99 uses the more-precisely-known constraint on the
p
charge-to-mass ratio of
GABRIELSE 95 (see above) to get this result. This is not independent of the TORII 99
value for
¯
¯
mp
−
mp
¯
¯
/
mp
, above.
7 HUGHES 92 uses recent measurements of Rydberg-energy and cyclotron-frequency ra-
tios.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 2
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
e
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
e
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
e
¯
¯
±
e
¯
¯
q
p
+
q
e
¯
¯
±
e
See DYLLA 73 for a summary of experiments on the neutrality of matter.
See also “
n
CHARGE†in the neutron Listings.
VALUE
DOCUMENT ID
COMMENT
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
21
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
21
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
21
<
1
.
0
×
10
−
21
8 DYLLA
73
Neutrality of SF6
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
<
3
.
2
×
10
−
20
9 SENGUPTA
00
binary pulsar
<
0
.
8
×
10
−
21
MARINELLI
84
Magnetic levitation
8 Assumes that
qn
=
qp
+
qe
.
9 SENGUPTA 00 uses the difference between the observed rate of of rotational energy loss
by the binary pulsar PSR B1913+16 and the rate predicted by general relativity to set
this limit. See the paper for assumptions.
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
See the “Note on Baryon Magnetic Moments†in the
Λ
Listings.
VALUE
(
µ
N
)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
2
.
792847356
±
0
.
000000023
2
.
792847356
±
0
.
000000023
2
.
792847356
±
0
.
000000023
2
.
792847356
±
0
.
000000023
MOHR
08
RVUE 2006 CODATA value
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
2
.
792847351
±
0
.
000000028
MOHR
05
RVUE 2002 CODATA value
2
.
792847337
±
0
.
000000029
MOHR
99
RVUE 1998 CODATA value
2
.
792847386
±
0
.
000000063
COHEN
87
RVUE 1986 CODATA value
2
.
7928456
±
0
.
0000011
COHEN
73
RVUE 1973 CODATA value
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
p
MAGNETIC MOMENT
A few early results have been omitted.
VALUE
(
µ
N
)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
−
2
.
800
±
0
.
008 OUR AVERAGE
−
2
.
800
±
0
.
008 OUR AVERAGE
−
2
.
800
±
0
.
008 OUR AVERAGE
−
2
.
800
±
0
.
008 OUR AVERAGE
−
2
.
8005
±
0
.
0090
KREISSL
88
CNTR
p
208Pb 11
→
10 X-ray
−
2
.
817
±
0
.
048
ROBERTS
78
CNTR
−
2
.
791
±
0
.
021
HU
75
CNTR Exotic atoms
(
µ
p
+
µ
p
)
±
µ
p
(
µ
p
+
µ
p
)
±
µ
p
(
µ
p
+
µ
p
)
±
µ
p
(
µ
p
+
µ
p
)
±
µ
p
A test of
CPT
invariance. Calculated from the
p
and
p
magnetic moments,
above.
VALUE
DOCUMENT ID
(
−
2
.
6
±
2
.
9)
×
10
−
3 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
2
.
6
±
2
.
9)
×
10
−
3 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
2
.
6
±
2
.
9)
×
10
−
3 OUR EVALUATION
(
−
2
.
6
±
2
.
9)
×
10
−
3 OUR EVALUATION
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 3
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
p
ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT
p
ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT
p
ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT
p
ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT
A nonzero value is forbidden by both
T
invariance and
P
invariance.
VALUE
(10
−
23
e
cm)
EVTS
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
<
0
.
54
<
0
.
54
<
0
.
54
<
0
.
54
10 DMITRIEV
03
Uses 199Hg atom EDM
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
−
3
.
7
±
6
.
3
CHO
89
NMR
Tl F molecules
<
400
DZUBA
85
THEO Uses 129Xe moment
130
±
200
11 WILKENING 84
900
±
1400
12 WILKENING 84
700
±
900
1G
HARRISON
69
MBR
Molecular beam
10 DMITRIEV 03 calculates this limit from the limit on the electric dipole moment of the
199Hg atom.
11 This WILKENING 84 value includes a finite-size effect and a magnetic effect.
12 This WILKENING 84 value is more cautious than the other and excludes the finite-size
effect, which relies on uncertain nuclear integrals.
p
ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY
α
p
p
ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY
α
p
p
ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY
α
p
p
ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY
α
p
For a very complete review of the “polarizability of the nucleon and Compton scat-
tering,†see SCHUMACHER 05. His recommended values for the proton are
α
p
=
(12
.
0
±
0
.
6)
×
10
−
4 fm3 and
β
p
= (1.9
∓
0.6)
×
10
−
4 fm3, almost exactly our
averages.
VALUE
(10
−
4 fm3)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
12
.
0
±
0
.
6 OUR AVERAGE
12
.
0
±
0
.
6 OUR AVERAGE
12
.
0
±
0
.
6 OUR AVERAGE
12
.
0
±
0
.
6 OUR AVERAGE
12
.
1
±
1
.
1
±
0
.
5
13 BEANE
03
EFT +
γ
p
11
.
82
±
0
.
98 + 0
.
52
−
0
.
98
14 BLANPIED
01
LEGS
p
(
~
γ
,
γ
),
p
(
~
γ
,
Ï€
0),
p
(
~
γ
,
Ï€
+)
11
.
9
±
0
.
5
±
1
.
3
15 OLMOSDEL... 01
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
12
.
1
±
0
.
8
±
0
.
5
16 MACGIBBON 95
RVUE global average
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
11
.
7
±
0
.
8
±
0
.
7
17 BARANOV
01
RVUE Global average
12
.
5
±
0
.
6
±
0
.
9
MACGIBBON 95
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
9
.
8
±
0
.
4
±
1
.
1
HALLIN
93
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
10
.
62 + 1
.
25
−
1
.
19
+ 1
.
07
−
1
.
03
ZIEGER
92
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
10
.
9
±
2
.
2
±
1
.
3
18 FEDERSPIEL 91
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
13 BEANE 03 uses effective field theory and low-energy
γ
p
and
γ
d
Compton-scattering
data. It also gets for the isoscalar polarizabilities (see the erratum)
α
N
= (13
.
0
±
1
.
9 + 3
.
9
−
1
.
5)
×
10
−
4 fm3 and
β
N
= (
−
1
.
8
±
1
.
9 + 2
.
1
−
0
.
9)
×
10
−
4 fm3.
14 BLANPIED 01 gives
α
p
+
β
p
and
α
p
−
β
p
. The separate
α
p
and
β
p
are provided to
us by A. Sandorfi. The first error above is statistics plus systematics; the second is from
the model.
15 This OLMOSDELEON 01 result uses the TAPS data alone, and does not use the (re-
evaluated) sum-rule constraint that
α
+
β
= (13
.
8
±
0
.
4)
×
10
−
4 fm3. See the paper for
a discussion.
16 MACGIBBON 95 combine the results of ZIEGER 92, FEDERSPIEL 91, and their own
experiment to get a “global average†in which model errors and systematic errors are
treated in a consistent way. See MACGIBBON 95 for a discussion.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 4
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
17 BARANOV 01 combines the results of 10 experiments from 1958 through 1995 to get a
global average that takes into account both systematic and model errors and does not
use the theoretical constraint on the sum
α
p
+
β
p
.
18 FEDERSPIEL 91 obtains for the (static) electric polarizability
α
p
, defined in terms of the
induced electric dipole moment by D
D
D
D = 4
π²
0
α
p
E
E
E
E, the value (7
.
0
±
2
.
2
±
1
.
3)
×
10
−
4 fm3.
p
MAGNETIC POLARIZABILITY
β
p
p
MAGNETIC POLARIZABILITY
β
p
p
MAGNETIC POLARIZABILITY
β
p
p
MAGNETIC POLARIZABILITY
β
p
The electric and magnetic polarizabilities are subject to a dispersion sum-
rule constraint
α
+
β
= (14
.
2
±
0
.
5)
×
10
−
4 fm3. Errors here are
anticorrelated with those on
α
p
due to this constraint.
VALUE
(10
−
4 fm3)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
1
.
9
±
0
.
5 OUR AVERAGE
1
.
9
±
0
.
5 OUR AVERAGE
1
.
9
±
0
.
5 OUR AVERAGE
1
.
9
±
0
.
5 OUR AVERAGE
3
.
4
±
1
.
1
±
0
.
1
19 BEANE
03
EFT +
γ
p
1
.
43
±
0
.
98 + 0
.
52
−
0
.
98
20 BLANPIED
01
LEGS
p
(
~
γ
,
γ
),
p
(
~
γ
,
Ï€
0),
p
(
~
γ
,
Ï€
+)
1
.
2
±
0
.
7
±
0
.
5
21 OLMOSDEL... 01
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
2
.
1
±
0
.
8
±
0
.
5
22 MACGIBBON 95
RVUE global average
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
2
.
3
±
0
.
9
±
0
.
7
23 BARANOV
01
RVUE Global average
1
.
7
±
0
.
6
±
0
.
9
MACGIBBON 95
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
4
.
4
±
0
.
4
±
1
.
1
HALLIN
93
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
3
.
58 + 1
.
19
−
1
.
25
+ 1
.
03
−
1
.
07
ZIEGER
92
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
3
.
3
±
2
.
2
±
1
.
3
FEDERSPIEL 91
CNTR
γ
p
Compton scattering
19 BEANE 03 uses effective field theory and low-energy
γ
p
and
γ
d
Compton-scattering
data. It also gets for the isoscalar polarizabilities (see the erratum)
α
N
= (13
.
0
±
1
.
9 + 3
.
9
−
1
.
5)
×
10
−
4 fm3 and
β
N
= (
−
1
.
8
±
1
.
9 + 2
.
1
−
0
.
9)
×
10
−
4 fm3.
20 BLANPIED 01 gives
α
p
+
β
p
and
α
p
−
β
p
. The separate
α
p
and
β
p
are provided to
us by A. Sandorfi. The first error above is statistics plus systematics; the second is from
the model.
21 This OLMOSDELEON 01 result uses the TAPS data alone, and does not use the (re-
evaluated) sum-rule constraint that
α
+
β
= (13
.
8
±
0
.
4)
×
10
−
4 fm3. See the paper for
a discussion.
22 MACGIBBON 95 combine the results of ZIEGER 92, FEDERSPIEL 91, and their own
experiment to get a “global average†in which model errors and systematic errors are
treated in a consistent way. See MACGIBBON 95 for a discussion.
23 BARANOV 01 combines the results of 10 experiments from 1958 through 1995 to get a
global average that takes into account both systematic and model errors and does not
use the theoretical constraint on the sum
α
p
+
β
p
.
p
CHARGE RADIUS
p
CHARGE RADIUS
p
CHARGE RADIUS
p
CHARGE RADIUS
This is the rms charge radius,
q
Â
r
2
®
.
VALUE
(fm)
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
0
.
8768
±
0
.
0069
0
.
8768
±
0
.
0069
0
.
8768
±
0
.
0069
0
.
8768
±
0
.
0069
MOHR
08
RVUE 2006 CODATA value
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 5
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
0
.
897
±
0
.
018
BLUNDEN
05
SICK 03 + 2
γ
correc-
tion
0
.
8750
±
0
.
0068
MOHR
05
RVUE 2002 CODATA value
0
.
895
±
0
.
010
±
0
.
013
SICK
03
e p
→
e p
reanalysis
0
.
830
±
0
.
040
±
0
.
040
24 ESCHRICH
01
e p
→
e p
0
.
883
±
0
.
014
MELNIKOV
00
1S Lamb Shift in H
0
.
880
±
0
.
015
ROSENFELDR...
00
e p
+ Coul. corrections
0
.
847
±
0
.
008
MERGELL
96
e p
+ disp. relations
0
.
877
±
0
.
024
WONG
94
reanalysis of Mainz
e p
data
0
.
865
±
0
.
020
MCCORD
91
e p
→
e p
0
.
862
±
0
.
012
SIMON
80
e p
→
e p
0
.
880
±
0
.
030
BORKOWSKI 74
e p
→
e p
0
.
810
±
0
.
020
AKIMOV
72
e p
→
e p
0
.
800
±
0
.
025
FREREJACQ... 66
e p
→
e p
(CH2 tgt.)
0
.
805
±
0
.
011
HAND
63
e p
→
e p
24 ESCHRICH 01 actually gives
Â
r
2
®
= (0
.
69
±
0
.
06
±
0
.
06) fm2.
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
A test of baryon conservation. See the “
p
Partial Mean Lives†section below for limits
for identified final states. The limits here are to “anything†or are for “disappearanceâ€
modes of a bound proton (
p
) or (
n
). See also the 3
ν
modes in the “Partial Mean
Lives†section. Table 1 of BACK 03 is a nice summary.
LIMIT
(years)
PARTICLE
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
5
.
8
×
1029
>
5
.
8
×
1029
>
5
.
8
×
1029
>
5
.
8
×
1029
n
n
n
n
90
25 ARAKI
06
KLND
n
→
invisible
>
2
.
1
×
1029
>
2
.
1
×
1029
>
2
.
1
×
1029
>
2
.
1
×
1029
p
p
p
p
90
26 AHMED
04
SNO
p
→
invisible
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
1
.
9
×
1029
n
90
26 AHMED
04
SNO
n
→
invisible
>
1
.
8
×
1025
n
90
27 BACK
03
BORX
>
1
.
1
×
1026
p
90
27 BACK
03
BORX
>
3
.
5
×
1028
p
90
28 ZDESENKO
03
p
→
invisible
>
1
×
1028
p
90
29 AHMAD
02
SNO
p
→
invisible
>
4
×
1023
p
95
TRETYAK
01
d
→
n
+ ?
>
1
.
9
×
1024
p
90
30 BERNABEI
00
B
DAMA
>
1
.
6
×
1025
p
,
n
31
,
32 EVANS
77
>
3
×
1023
p
32 DIX
70
CNTR
>
3
×
1023
p
,
n
32
,
33 FLEROV
58
25 ARAKI 06 looks for signs of de-excitation of the residual nucleus after disappearance of
a neutron from the
s
shell of 12C.
26 AHMED 04 looks for
γ
rays from the de-excitation of a residual 15O
∗
or 15N
∗
following
the disappearance of a neutron or proton in 16O.
27 BACK 03 looks for decays of unstable nuclides left after
N
decays of parent 12C, 13C,
16O nuclei. These are “invisible channel†limits.
28 ZDESENKO 03 gets this limit on proton disappearance in deuterium by analyzing SNO
data in AHMAD 02.
29 AHMAD 02 (see its footnote 7) looks for neutrons left behind after the disappearance
of the proton in deuterons.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 6
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
30 BERNABEI 00
B
looks for the decay of a 128
53
I nucleus following the disappearance of a
proton in the otherwise-stable 129
54
Xe nucleus.
31 EVANS 77 looks for the daughter nuclide 129Xe from possible 130Te decays in ancient
Te ore samples.
32 This mean-life limit has been obtained from a half-life limit by dividing the latter by ln(2)
= 0.693.
33 FLEROV 58 looks for the spontaneous fission of a 232Th nucleus after the disappearance
of one of its nucleons.
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
p
MEAN LIFE
Of the two astrophysical limits here, that of GEER 00
D
involves consider-
ably more refinements in its modeling. The other limits come from direct
observations of stored antiprotons. See also “
p
Partial Mean Lives†after
“
p
Partial Mean Lives,†below, for exclusive-mode limits. The best (life-
time/branching fraction) limit there is 7
×
105 years, for
p
→
e
−
γ
. We
advance only the exclusive-mode limits to our Summary Tables.
LIMIT
(years)
CL%
EVTS
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
8
×
105
90
34 GEER
00
D
p
/
p
ratio, cosmic
rays
>
0
.
28
GABRIELSE
90
TRAP Penning trap
>
0
.
08
90
1
BELL
79
CNTR Storage ring
>
1
×
107
GOLDEN
79
SPEC
p
/
p
ratio, cosmic
rays
>
3
.
7
×
10
−
3
BREGMAN
78
CNTR Storage ring
34 GEER 00
D
uses agreement between a model of galactic
p
production and propagation
and the observed
p
/
p
cosmic-ray spectrum to set this limit.
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
See the “Note on Nucleon Decay†in our 1994 edition (Phys. Rev. D50
D50
D50
D50,
1173) for a short review.
The “partial mean life†limits tabulated here are the limits on
Ï„
/B
i
, where
Ï„
is the total mean life and B
i
is the branching fraction for the mode in
question. For
N
decays,
p
and
n
indicate proton and neutron partial
lifetimes.
Partial mean life
Mode
(1030 years)
Confidence level
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Ï„
1
N
→
e
+
Ï€
>
158 (
n
),
>
1600 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
2
N
→
µ
+
Ï€
>
100 (
n
),
>
473 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
3
N
→
ν π
>
112 (
n
),
>
25 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
4
p
→
e
+
η
>
313
90%
Ï„
5
p
→
µ
+
η
>
126
90%
Ï„
6
n
→
ν η
>
158
90%
Ï„
7
N
→
e
+
Ï
>
217 (
n
),
>
75 (
p
)
90%
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 7
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
8
N
→
µ
+
Ï
>
228 (
n
),
>
110 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
9
N
→
ν Ï
>
19 (
n
),
>
162 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
10
p
→
e
+
ω
>
107
90%
Ï„
11
p
→
µ
+
ω
>
117
90%
Ï„
12
n
→
ν ω
>
108
90%
Ï„
13
N
→
e
+
K
>
17 (
n
),
>
150 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
14
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
>
120
90%
Ï„
15
p
→
e
+
K
0
L
>
51
90%
Ï„
16
N
→
µ
+
K
>
26 (
n
),
>
120 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
17
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
>
150
90%
Ï„
18
p
→
µ
+
K
0
L
>
83
90%
Ï„
19
N
→
ν
K
>
86 (
n
),
>
670 (
p
)
90%
Ï„
20
n
→
ν
K
0
S
>
51
90%
Ï„
21
p
→
e
+
K
∗
(892)
0
>
84
90%
Ï„
22
N
→
ν
K
∗
(892)
>
78 (
n
),
>
51 (
p
)
90%
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Ï„
23
p
→
e
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
>
82
90%
Ï„
24
p
→
e
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
>
147
90%
Ï„
25
n
→
e
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
>
52
90%
Ï„
26
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
>
133
90%
Ï„
27
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
>
101
90%
Ï„
28
n
→
µ
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
>
74
90%
Ï„
29
n
→
e
+
K
0
Ï€
−
>
18
90%
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Ï„
30
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
>
65
90%
Ï„
31
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
>
49
90%
Ï„
32
n
→
e
−
Ï
+
>
62
90%
Ï„
33
n
→
µ
−
Ï
+
>
7
90%
Ï„
34
n
→
e
−
K
+
>
32
90%
Ï„
35
n
→
µ
−
K
+
>
57
90%
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Ï„
36
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
>
30
90%
Ï„
37
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
>
29
90%
Ï„
38
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
>
17
90%
Ï„
39
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
>
34
90%
Ï„
40
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
K
+
>
75
90%
Ï„
41
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
K
+
>
245
90%
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 8
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Ï„
42
p
→
e
+
γ
>
670
90%
Ï„
43
p
→
µ
+
γ
>
478
90%
Ï„
44
n
→
ν γ
>
28
90%
Ï„
45
p
→
e
+
γ γ
>
100
90%
Ï„
46
n
→
ν γ γ
>
219
90%
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Ï„
47
p
→
e
+
e
+
e
−
>
793
90%
Ï„
48
p
→
e
+
µ
+
µ
−
>
359
90%
Ï„
49
p
→
e
+
ν ν
>
17
90%
Ï„
50
n
→
e
+
e
−
ν
>
257
90%
Ï„
51
n
→
µ
+
e
−
ν
>
83
90%
Ï„
52
n
→
µ
+
µ
−
ν
>
79
90%
Ï„
53
p
→
µ
+
e
+
e
−
>
529
90%
Ï„
54
p
→
µ
+
µ
+
µ
−
>
675
90%
Ï„
55
p
→
µ
+
ν ν
>
21
90%
Ï„
56
p
→
e
−
µ
+
µ
+
>
6
90%
Ï„
57
n
→
3
ν
>
0
.
0005
90%
Ï„
58
n
→
5
ν
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Ï„
59
N
→
e
+
anything
>
0
.
6 (
n
,
p
)
90%
Ï„
60
N
→
µ
+
anything
>
12 (
n
,
p
)
90%
Ï„
61
N
→
ν
anything
Ï„
62
N
→
e
+
Ï€
0
anything
>
0
.
6 (
n
,
p
)
90%
Ï„
63
N
→
2 bodies,
ν
-free
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
The following are lifetime limits per iron nucleus.
Ï„
64
p p
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
>
0
.
7
90%
Ï„
65
p n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
>
2
90%
Ï„
66
n n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
>
0
.
7
90%
Ï„
67
n n
→
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
>
3
.
4
90%
Ï„
68
p p
→
e
+
e
+
>
5
.
8
90%
Ï„
69
p p
→
e
+
µ
+
>
3
.
6
90%
Ï„
70
p p
→
µ
+
µ
+
>
1
.
7
90%
Ï„
71
p n
→
e
+
ν
>
2
.
8
90%
Ï„
72
p n
→
µ
+
ν
>
1
.
6
90%
Ï„
73
n n
→
ν
e
ν
e
>
0
.
000049
90%
Ï„
74
n n
→
ν
µ
ν
µ
Ï„
75
p n
→
invisible
>
2
.
1
×
10
−
5
90%
Ï„
76
p p
→
invisible
>
0
.
00005
90%
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 9
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
p
DECAY MODES
Partial mean life
Mode
(years)
Confidence level
Ï„
77
p
→
e
−
γ
>
7
×
105
90%
Ï„
78
p
→
µ
−
γ
>
5
×
104
90%
Ï„
79
p
→
e
−
Ï€
0
>
4
×
105
90%
Ï„
80
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
0
>
5
×
104
90%
Ï„
81
p
→
e
−
η
>
2
×
104
90%
Ï„
82
p
→
µ
−
η
>
8
×
103
90%
Ï„
83
p
→
e
−
K
0
S
>
900
90%
Ï„
84
p
→
µ
−
K
0
S
>
4
×
103
90%
Ï„
85
p
→
e
−
K
0
L
>
9
×
103
90%
Ï„
86
p
→
µ
−
K
0
L
>
7
×
103
90%
Ï„
87
p
→
e
−
γ γ
>
2
×
104
90%
Ï„
88
p
→
µ
−
γ γ
>
2
×
104
90%
Ï„
89
p
→
e
−
Ï
Ï„
90
p
→
e
−
ω
>
200
90%
Ï„
91
p
→
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
The “partial mean life†limits tabulated here are the limits on
Ï„
/B
i
, where
Ï„
is the total mean life for the proton and B
i
is the branching fraction for
the mode in question.
Decaying particle:
p
= proton,
n
= bound neutron. The same event may
appear under more than one partial decay mode. Background estimates
may be accurate to a factor of two.
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Antilepton + meson
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
1
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
1
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
1
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
1
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
158
>
158
>
158
>
158
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
3
333 5555
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
1600
>
1600
>
1600
>
1600
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
SHIOZAWA
98
SKAM
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
540
p
90
0 0
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
70
p
90
0 0
.
5
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
70
n
90
0
≤
0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
550
p
90
0 0
.
7
35 BECKER-SZ... 90
IMB3
>
260
p
90
0
<
0
.
04
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
130
n
90
0
<
0
.
2
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
310
p
90
0 0
.
6
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
100
n
90
0 1
.
6
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
1
.
3
n
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
1
.
3
p
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 10
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
>
250
p
90
0 0
.
3
HAINES
86
IMB
>
31
n
90
8 9
HAINES
86
IMB
>
64
p
90
0
<
0
.
4
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
26
n
90
0
<
0
.
7
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
82
p
(free)
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
250
p
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
25
n
90
4 4
PARK
85
IMB
>
15
p
,
n
90
0
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
0
.
5
p
90
1 0
.
3
36 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
0
.
5
n
90
1 0
.
3
36 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
5
.
8
p
90
2
37 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
5
.
8
n
90
2
37 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
0
.
1
n
90
38 GURR
67
CNTR
35 This BECKER-SZENDY 90 result includes data from SEIDEL 88.
36 Limit based on zero events.
37 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 1 confined event.
38 We have converted half-life to 90% CL mean life.
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
2
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
2
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
2
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï€
¢
Ï„
2
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
473
>
473
>
473
>
473
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
6
0
.
6
0
.
6
0
.
6
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
100
>
100
>
100
>
100
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000
<
0
.
2
<
0
.
2
<
0
.
2
<
0
.
2
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
90
n
90
1 1
.
9
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
81
p
90
0 0
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
35
n
90
1 1
.
0
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
230
p
90
0
<
0
.
07
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
270
p
90
0 0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
63
n
90
0 0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
76
p
90
2 1
HAINES
86
IMB
>
23
n
90
8 7
HAINES
86
IMB
>
46
p
90
0
<
0
.
7
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
20
n
90
0
<
0
.
4
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
59
p
(free)
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
100
p
90
1 0
.
4
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
38
n
90
1 4
PARK
85
IMB
>
10
p
,
n
90
0
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
1
.
3
p
,
n
90
0
ALEKSEEV
81
BAKS
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν π
¢
Ï„
3
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν π
¢
Ï„
3
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν π
¢
Ï„
3
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν π
¢
Ï„
3
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
16
>
16
>
16
>
16
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
6
666 6
.
7
6
.
7
6
.
7
6
.
7
WALL
00
B
SOU2
>
112
>
112
>
112
>
112
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
6
666 6
.
6
6
.
6
6
.
6
6
.
6
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
39
n
90
4 3
.
8
WALL
00
B
SOU2
>
10
p
90
15 20
.
3
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
13
n
90
1 1
.
2
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
10
p
90
11 14
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
25
p
90
32 32
.
8
39 HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
100
n
90
1 3
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 11
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
>
6
n
90
73 60
HAINES
86
IMB
>
2
p
90
16 13
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
40
n
90
0 1
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
7
n
90
28 19
PARK
85
IMB
>
7
n
90
0
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
2
p
90
≤
3
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
5
.
8
p
90
1
40 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
0
.
3
p
90
2
41 CHERRY
81
HOME
>
0
.
1
p
90
42 GURR
67
CNTR
39 In estimating the background, this HIRATA 89
C
limit (as opposed to the later limits of
WALL 00
B
and MCGREW 99) does not take into account present understanding that
the flux of
νµ
originating in the upper atmosphere is depleted. Doing so would reduce
the background and thus also would reduce the limit here.
40 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 1 confined event.
41 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
42 We have converted half-life to 90% CL mean life.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
η
¢
Ï„
4
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
η
¢
Ï„
4
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
η
¢
Ï„
4
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
η
¢
Ï„
4
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
313
>
313
>
313
>
313
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
2
0
.
2
0
.
2
0
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
81
p
90
1 1
.
7
WALL
00
B
SOU2
>
44
p
90
0 0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
140
p
90
0
<
0
.
04
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
100
p
90
0 0
.
6
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
200
p
90
5 3
.
3
HAINES
86
IMB
>
64
p
90
0
<
0
.
8
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
64
p
(free)
90
5 6
.
5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
200
p
90
5 4
.
7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
1
.
2
p
90
2
43 CHERRY
81
HOME
43 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
η
¢
Ï„
5
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
η
¢
Ï„
5
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
η
¢
Ï„
5
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
η
¢
Ï„
5
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
126
>
126
>
126
>
126
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
3
333 2
.
8
2
.
8
2
.
8
2
.
8
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
89
p
90
0 1
.
6
WALL
00
B
SOU2
>
26
p
90
1 0
.
8
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
69
p
90
1
<
0
.
08
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
1
.
3
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
34
p
90
1 1
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
46
p
90
7 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
26
p
90
1
<
0
.
8
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
17
p
(free)
90
6 6
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
46
p
90
7 8
BLEWITT
85
IMB
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 12
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν η
¢
Ï„
6
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν η
¢
Ï„
6
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν η
¢
Ï„
6
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν η
¢
Ï„
6
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
158
>
158
>
158
>
158
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 1
.
2
1
.
2
1
.
2
1
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
71
n
90
2 3
.
7
WALL
00
B
SOU2
>
29
n
90
0 0
.
9
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
54
n
90
2 0
.
9
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
16
n
90
3 2
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
25
n
90
7 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
30
n
90
0 0
.
4
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
18
n
90
4 3
PARK
85
IMB
>
0
.
6
n
90
2
44 CHERRY
81
HOME
44 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
7
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
7
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
7
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
7
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
217
>
217
>
217
>
217
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
4
444 4
.
8
4
.
8
4
.
8
4
.
8
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
75
>
75
>
75
>
75
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
2
222 2
.
7
2
.
7
2
.
7
2
.
7
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
29
p
90
0 2
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
41
n
90
0 1
.
4
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
58
n
90
0 1
.
9
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
38
n
90
2 4
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
1
.
2
p
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
1
.
5
n
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
17
p
90
7 7
HAINES
86
IMB
>
14
n
90
9 4
HAINES
86
IMB
>
12
p
90
0
<
1
.
2
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
6
n
90
2
<
1
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
6
.
7
p
(free)
90
6 6
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
17
p
90
7 7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
12
n
90
4 2
PARK
85
IMB
>
0
.
6
n
90
1 0
.
3
45 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
0
.
5
p
90
1 0
.
3
45 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
9
.
8
p
90
1
46 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
0
.
8
p
90
2
47 CHERRY
81
HOME
45 Limit based on zero events.
46 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 0 confined events.
47 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
8
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
8
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
8
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
Ï
¢
Ï„
8
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
228
>
228
>
228
>
228
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
3
333 9
.
5
9
.
5
9
.
5
9
.
5
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
110
>
110
>
110
>
110
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 1
.
7
1
.
7
1
.
7
1
.
7
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 13
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
12
p
90
0 0
.
5
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
22
n
90
0 1
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
23
n
90
1 1
.
8
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
4
.
3
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
30
p
90
0 0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
11
n
90
1 1
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
16
p
90
4 4
.
5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
7
n
90
6 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
12
p
90
0
<
0
.
7
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
5
n
90
1
<
1
.
2
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
5
.
5
p
(free)
90
4 5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
16
p
90
4 5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
9
n
90
1 2
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν Ï
¢
Ï„
9
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν Ï
¢
Ï„
9
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν Ï
¢
Ï„
9
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν Ï
¢
Ï„
9
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
162
>
162
>
162
>
162
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
18
18
18
18 21
.
7
21
.
7
21
.
7
21
.
7
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
19
>
19
>
19
>
19
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
9
n
90
4 2
.
4
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
24
p
90
0 0
.
9
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
27
p
90
5 1
.
5
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
13
n
90
4 3
.
6
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
13
p
90
1 1
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
8
p
90
6 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
2
n
90
15 10
HAINES
86
IMB
>
11
p
90
2 1
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
4
n
90
2 2
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
4
.
1
p
(free)
90
6 7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
8
.
4
p
90
6 5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
2
n
90
7 3
PARK
85
IMB
>
0
.
9
p
90
2
48 CHERRY
81
HOME
>
0
.
6
n
90
2
48 CHERRY
81
HOME
48 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ω
¢
Ï„
10
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ω
¢
Ï„
10
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ω
¢
Ï„
10
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ω
¢
Ï„
10
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
107
>
107
>
107
>
107
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
7
777 10
.
8
10
.
8
10
.
8
10
.
8
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
17
p
90
0 1
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
45
p
90
2 1
.
45
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
26
p
90
1 1
.
0
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
1
.
5
p
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
37
p
90
6 5
.
3
HAINES
86
IMB
>
25
p
90
1
<
1
.
4
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 14
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
>
12
p
(free)
90
6 7
.
5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
37
p
90
6 5
.
7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
0
.
6
p
90
1 0
.
3
49 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
9
.
8
p
90
1
50 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
2
.
8
p
90
2
51 CHERRY
81
HOME
49 Limit based on zero events.
50 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 0 confined events.
51 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ω
¢
Ï„
11
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ω
¢
Ï„
11
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ω
¢
Ï„
11
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ω
¢
Ï„
11
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
117
>
117
>
117
>
117
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
11
11
11
11 12
.
1
12
.
1
12
.
1
12
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
11
p
90
0 1
.
0
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
57
p
90
2 1
.
9
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
4
.
4
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
10
p
90
2 1
.
3
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
23
p
90
2 1
HAINES
86
IMB
>
6
.
5
p
(free)
90
9 8
.
7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
23
p
90
8 7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν ω
¢
Ï„
12
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν ω
¢
Ï„
12
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν ω
¢
Ï„
12
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν ω
¢
Ï„
12
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
108
>
108
>
108
>
108
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
12
12
12
12 22
.
5
22
.
5
22
.
5
22
.
5
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
17
n
90
1 0
.
7
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
43
n
90
3 2
.
7
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
6
n
90
2 1
.
3
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
12
n
90
6 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
18
n
90
2 2
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
16
n
90
1 2
PARK
85
IMB
>
2
.
0
n
90
2
52 CHERRY
81
HOME
52 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
K
¢
Ï„
13
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
K
¢
Ï„
13
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
K
¢
Ï„
13
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
K
¢
Ï„
13
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
17
>
17
>
17
>
17
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
35
35
35
35 29
.
4
29
.
4
29
.
4
29
.
4
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
150
>
150
>
150
>
150
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000
<
0
.
27
<
0
.
27
<
0
.
27
<
0
.
27
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
85
p
90
3 4
.
9
WALL
00
SOU2
>
31
p
90
23 25
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
60
p
90
0
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
70
p
90
0 1
.
8
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
77
p
90
5 4
.
5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
38
p
90
0
<
0
.
8
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
24
p
(free)
90
7 8
.
5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
77
p
90
5 4
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
1
.
3
p
90
0
ALEKSEEV
81
BAKS
>
1
.
3
n
90
0
ALEKSEEV
81
BAKS
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 15
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
14
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
14
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
14
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
14
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
2000
>
2000
>
2000
>
2000
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
6
666 4
.
7
4
.
7
4
.
7
4
.
7
53 KOBAYASHI 05
SKAM
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
120
p
90
1 1
.
3
WALL
00
SOU2
>
76
p
90
0 0
.
5
BERGER
91
FREJ
53 We have doubled the
p
→
e
+
K
0 limit given in KOBAYASHI 05 to obtain this
p
→
e
+
K
0
S
limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
15
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
15
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
15
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
15
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
51
>
51
>
51
>
51
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
2
222 3
.
5
3
.
5
3
.
5
3
.
5
WALL
00
SOU2
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
44
p
90
0
≤
0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
K
¢
Ï„
16
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
K
¢
Ï„
16
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
K
¢
Ï„
16
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
K
¢
Ï„
16
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
120
>
120
>
120
>
120
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000
<
1
.
2
<
1
.
2
<
1
.
2
<
1
.
2
WALL
00
SOU2
>
120
>
120
>
120
>
120
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
4
444 7
.
2
7
.
2
7
.
2
7
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
26
>
26
>
26
>
26
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
20
20
20
20 28
.
4
28
.
4
28
.
4
28
.
4
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
120
>
120
>
120
>
120
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
1
111 0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
4
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
54
p
90
0
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
3
.
0
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
19
p
90
3 2
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
1
.
5
p
90
0
54 BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
1
.
1
n
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
40
p
90
7 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
19
p
90
1
<
1
.
1
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
>
6
.
7
p
(free)
90
11 13
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
40
p
90
7 8
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
6
p
90
1
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
0
.
6
p
90
0
55 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
0
.
4
n
90
0
55 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
5
.
8
p
90
2
56 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
2
.
0
p
90
0
CHERRY
81
HOME
>
0
.
2
n
90
57 GURR
67
CNTR
54 BARTELT 87 limit applies to
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
.
55 Limit based on zero events.
56 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 1 confined event.
57 We have converted half-life to 90% CL mean life.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 16
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
17
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
17
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
17
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
17
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
2600
>
2600
>
2600
>
2600
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
3
333 3
.
9
3
.
9
3
.
9
3
.
9
58 KOBAYASHI 05
SKAM
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
150
p
90
0
<
0
.
8
WALL
00
SOU2
>
64
p
90
0 1
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
58 We have doubled the
p
→
µ
+
K
0 limit given in KOBAYASHI 05 to obtain this
p
→
µ
+
K
0
S
limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
18
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
18
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
18
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
18
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
83
>
83
>
83
>
83
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
4
WALL
00
SOU2
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
44
p
90
0
≤
0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
¢
Ï„
19
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
¢
Ï„
19
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
¢
Ï„
19
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
¢
Ï„
19
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
2300
>
2300
>
2300
>
2300
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 1
.
3
1
.
3
1
.
3
1
.
3
KOBAYASHI
05
SKAM
>
86
>
86
>
86
>
86
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 2
.
4
2
.
4
2
.
4
2
.
4
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
26
n
90
16 9
.
1
WALL
00
SOU2
>
670
p
90
HAYATO
99
SKAM
>
151
p
90
15 21
.
4
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
30
n
90
34 34
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
43
p
90
1 1
.
54
59 ALLISON
98
SOU2
>
15
n
90
1 1
.
8
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
15
p
90
1 1
.
8
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
100
p
90
9 7
.
3
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
0
.
28
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
0
.
3
p
90
0
BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
0
.
75
n
90
0
60 BARTELT
87
SOUD
>
10
p
90
6 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
15
n
90
3 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
28
p
90
3 3
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
32
n
90
0 1
.
4
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
1
.
8
p
(free)
90
6 11
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
9
.
6
p
90
6 5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
10
n
90
2 2
PARK
85
IMB
>
5
n
90
0
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
2
p
90
0
BATTISTONI 84
NUSX
>
0
.
3
n
90
0
61 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
0
.
1
p
90
0
61 BARTELT
83
SOUD
>
5
.
8
p
90
1
62 KRISHNA...
82
KOLR
>
0
.
3
n
90
2
63 CHERRY
81
HOME
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 17
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
59 This ALLISON 98 limit is with no background subtraction; with subtraction the limit
becomes
>
46
×
1030 years.
60 BARTELT 87 limit applies to
n
→
ν
K
0
S
.
61 Limit based on zero events.
62 We have calculated 90% CL limit from 1 confined event.
63 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
20
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
20
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
20
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
20
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
260
>
260
>
260
>
260
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
34
34
34
34 30
30
30
30
64 KOBAYASHI 05
SKAM
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
51
n
90
16 9
.
1
WALL
00
SOU2
64 We have doubled the
n
→
ν
K
0 limit given in KOBAYASHI 05 to obtain this
n
→
ν
K
0
S
limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
21
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
21
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
21
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
21
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
84
>
84
>
84
>
84
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
38
38
38
38 52
.
0
52
.
0
52
.
0
52
.
0
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
10
p
90
0 0
.
8
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
52
p
90
2 1
.
55
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
10
p
90
1
<
1
ARISAKA
85
KAMI
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
∗
(892)
¢
Ï„
22
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
∗
(892)
¢
Ï„
22
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
∗
(892)
¢
Ï„
22
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
K
∗
(892)
¢
Ï„
22
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
51
>
51
>
51
>
51
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
7
777 9
.
1
9
.
1
9
.
1
9
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
>
78
>
78
>
78
>
78
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
40
40
40
40 50
50
50
50
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
22
n
90
0 2
.
1
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
17
p
90
0 2
.
4
BERGER
89
FREJ
>
20
p
90
5 2
.
1
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
21
n
90
4 2
.
4
HIRATA
89
C
KAMI
>
10
p
90
7 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
5
n
90
8 7
HAINES
86
IMB
>
8
p
90
3 2
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
6
n
90
2 1
.
6
KAJITA
86
KAMI
>
5
.
8
p
(free)
90
10 16
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
9
.
6
p
90
7 6
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
7
n
90
1 4
PARK
85
IMB
>
2
.
1
p
90
1
65 BATTISTONI 82
NUSX
65 We have converted 1 possible event to 90% CL limit.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 18
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Antilepton + mesons
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
23
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
23
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
23
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
23
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
82
>
82
>
82
>
82
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
16
16
16
16 23
.
1
23
.
1
23
.
1
23
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
21
p
90
0 2
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
24
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
24
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
24
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
24
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
147
>
147
>
147
>
147
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
2
222 0
.
8
0
.
8
0
.
8
0
.
8
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
38
p
90
1 0
.
5
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
25
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
25
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
25
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
25
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
52
>
52
>
52
>
52
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
38
38
38
38 34
.
2
34
.
2
34
.
2
34
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
32
n
90
1 0
.
8
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
26
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
26
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
26
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
26
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
133
>
133
>
133
>
133
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
25
25
25
25 38
.
0
38
.
0
38
.
0
38
.
0
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
17
p
90
1 2
.
6
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
3
.
3
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
27
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
27
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
27
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
27
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
101
>
101
>
101
>
101
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
3
333 1
.
6
1
.
6
1
.
6
1
.
6
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
33
p
90
1 0
.
9
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
28
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
28
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
28
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
Ï€
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
28
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
74
>
74
>
74
>
74
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
17
17
17
17 20
.
8
20
.
8
20
.
8
20
.
8
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
33
n
90
0 1
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
K
0
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
29
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
K
0
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
29
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
K
0
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
29
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
K
0
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
29
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
18
>
18
>
18
>
18
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
1
111 0
.
2
0
.
2
0
.
2
0
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 19
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Lepton + meson
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
30
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
30
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
30
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
30
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
65
>
65
>
65
>
65
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 1
.
6
1
.
6
1
.
6
1
.
6
SEIDEL
88
IMB
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
55
n
90
0 1
.
09
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
16
n
90
9 7
HAINES
86
IMB
>
25
n
90
2 4
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
31
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
31
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
31
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
31
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
49
>
49
>
49
>
49
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
33
n
90
0 1
.
40
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
2
.
7
n
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
25
n
90
7 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
27
n
90
2 3
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
32
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
32
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
32
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
32
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
62
>
62
>
62
>
62
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
2
222 4
.
1
4
.
1
4
.
1
4
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
12
n
90
13 6
HAINES
86
IMB
>
12
n
90
5 3
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
33
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
33
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
33
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï
+
¢
Ï„
33
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
7
>
7
>
7
>
7
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
1
111 1
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
SEIDEL
88
IMB
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
2
.
6
n
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
9
n
90
7 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
9
n
90
2 2
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
34
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
34
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
34
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
34
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
32
>
32
>
32
>
32
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
3
333 2
.
96
2
.
96
2
.
96
2
.
96
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
23
n
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
35
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
35
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
35
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
K
+
¢
Ï„
35
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
57
>
57
>
57
>
57
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 2
.
18
2
.
18
2
.
18
2
.
18
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
4
.
7
n
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 20
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Lepton + mesons
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
36
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
36
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
36
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
36
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
30
>
30
>
30
>
30
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
1
111 2
.
50
2
.
50
2
.
50
2
.
50
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
2
.
0
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
37
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
37
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
37
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
37
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
29
>
29
>
29
>
29
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
1
111 0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
38
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
38
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
38
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
38
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
17
>
17
>
17
>
17
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
1
111 1
.
72
1
.
72
1
.
72
1
.
72
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
7
.
8
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
39
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
39
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
39
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
39
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
34
>
34
>
34
>
34
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
40
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
40
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
40
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
40
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
75
>
75
>
75
>
75
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
81
81
81
81 127
.
2
127
.
2
127
.
2
127
.
2
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
20
p
90
3 2
.
50
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
41
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
41
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
41
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
+
K
+
¢
Ï„
41
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
245
>
245
>
245
>
245
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
3
333 4
.
0
4
.
0
4
.
0
4
.
0
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
5
p
90
2 0
.
78
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Antilepton + photon(s)
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ
¢
Ï„
42
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ
¢
Ï„
42
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ
¢
Ï„
42
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ
¢
Ï„
42
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
670
>
670
>
670
>
670
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 21
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
133
p
90
0 0
.
3
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
460
p
90
0 0
.
6
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
360
p
90
0 0
.
3
HAINES
86
IMB
>
87
p
(free)
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
360
p
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
0
.
1
p
90
66 GURR
67
CNTR
66 We have converted half-life to 90% CL mean life.
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
γ
¢
Ï„
43
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
γ
¢
Ï„
43
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
γ
¢
Ï„
43
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
γ
¢
Ï„
43
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
478
>
478
>
478
>
478
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
1
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
155
p
90
0 0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
380
p
90
0 0
.
5
SEIDEL
88
IMB
>
97
p
90
3 2
HAINES
86
IMB
>
61
p
(free)
90
0 0
.
2
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
280
p
90
0 0
.
6
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
0
.
3
p
90
67 GURR
67
CNTR
67 We have converted half-life to 90% CL mean life.
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ
¢
Ï„
44
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ
¢
Ï„
44
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ
¢
Ï„
44
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ
¢
Ï„
44
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
28
>
28
>
28
>
28
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
163
163
163
163 144
.
7
144
.
7
144
.
7
144
.
7
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
24
n
90
10 6
.
86
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
9
n
90
73 60
HAINES
86
IMB
>
11
n
90
28 19
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ γ
¢
Ï„
45
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ γ
¢
Ï„
45
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ γ
¢
Ï„
45
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
γ γ
¢
Ï„
45
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
100
>
100
>
100
>
100
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
1
111 0
.
8
0
.
8
0
.
8
0
.
8
BERGER
91
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ γ
¢
Ï„
46
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ γ
¢
Ï„
46
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ γ
¢
Ï„
46
Ï„
¡
n
→
ν γ γ
¢
Ï„
46
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
219
>
219
>
219
>
219
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
5
555 7
.
5
7
.
5
7
.
5
7
.
5
MCGREW
99
IMB3
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Three (or more) leptons
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
47
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
47
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
47
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
47
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
793
>
793
>
793
>
793
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
147
p
90
0 0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
510
p
90
0 0
.
3
HAINES
86
IMB
>
89
p
(free)
90
0 0
.
5
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
510
p
90
0 0
.
7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 22
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
48
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
48
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
48
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
48
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
359
>
359
>
359
>
359
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
1
111 0
.
9
0
.
9
0
.
9
0
.
9
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
81
p
90
0 0
.
16
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
5
.
0
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
49
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
49
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
49
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
49
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
17
>
17
>
17
>
17
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
152
152
152
152 153
.
7
153
.
7
153
.
7
153
.
7
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
11
p
90
11 6
.
08
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
50
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
50
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
50
Ï„
¡
n
→
e
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
50
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
257
>
257
>
257
>
257
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
5
555 7
.
5
7
.
5
7
.
5
7
.
5
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
74
n
90
0
<
0
.
1
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
45
n
90
5 5
HAINES
86
IMB
>
26
n
90
4 3
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
51
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
51
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
51
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
e
−
ν
¢
Ï„
51
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
83
>
83
>
83
>
83
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
25
25
25
25 29
.
4
29
.
4
29
.
4
29
.
4
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
47
n
90
0
<
0
.
1
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
µ
−
ν
¢
Ï„
52
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
µ
−
ν
¢
Ï„
52
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
µ
−
ν
¢
Ï„
52
Ï„
¡
n
→
µ
+
µ
−
ν
¢
Ï„
52
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
79
>
79
>
79
>
79
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
100
100
100
100 145
145
145
145
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
42
n
90
0 1
.
4
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
5
.
1
n
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
16
n
90
14 7
HAINES
86
IMB
>
19
n
90
4 7
PARK
85
IMB
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
53
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
53
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
53
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
e
+
e
−
¢
Ï„
53
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
529
>
529
>
529
>
529
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 1
.
0
1
.
0
1
.
0
1
.
0
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
91
p
90
0
≤
0
.
1
BERGER
91
FREJ
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 23
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
54
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
54
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
54
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
µ
+
µ
−
¢
Ï„
54
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
675
>
675
>
675
>
675
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
3
0
.
3
0
.
3
0
.
3
MCGREW
99
IMB3
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
119
p
90
0 0
.
2
BERGER
91
FREJ
>
10
.
5
p
90
0 0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
>
190
p
90
1 0
.
1
HAINES
86
IMB
>
44
p
(free)
90
1 0
.
7
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
190
p
90
1 0
.
9
BLEWITT
85
IMB
>
2
.
1
p
90
1
68 BATTISTONI 82
NUSX
68 We have converted 1 possible event to 90% CL limit.
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
55
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
55
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
55
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
+
ν ν
¢
Ï„
55
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
21
>
21
>
21
>
21
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
7
777 11
.
23
11
.
23
11
.
23
11
.
23
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
56
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
56
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
56
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
56
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
6
.
0
>
6
.
0
>
6
.
0
>
6
.
0
p
p
p
p
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
7
0
.
7
0
.
7
0
.
7
PHILLIPS
89
HPW
Ï„
¡
n
→
3
ν
¢
Ï„
57
Ï„
¡
n
→
3
ν
¢
Ï„
57
Ï„
¡
n
→
3
ν
¢
Ï„
57
Ï„
¡
n
→
3
ν
¢
Ï„
57
See also the “to anything†and “disappearance†limits for bound nucleons in the “
p
Mean Life†data block just in front of the list of possible
p
decay modes. Such modes
could of course be to three (or five) neutrinos, and the limits are stronger, but we do
not repeat them here.
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
0
.
00049
>
0
.
00049
>
0
.
00049
>
0
.
00049
n
n
n
n
90
90
90
90
2
222 2222
69 SUZUKI
93
B
KAMI
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
0023
n
90
70 GLICENSTEIN 97
KAMI
>
0
.
00003
n
90
11 6
.
1
71 BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
0
.
00012
n
90
7 11
.
2
71 BERGER
91
B
FREJ
>
0
.
0005
n
90
0
LEARNED
79
RVUE
69 The SUZUKI 93
B
limit applies to any of
ν
e
ν
e
ν
e
,
νµ νµ νµ
, or
ντ ντ ντ
.
70 GLICENSTEIN 97 uses Kamioka data and the idea that the disappearance of the neu-
tron’s magnetic moment should produce radiation.
71 The first BERGER 91
B
limit is for
n
→
ν
e
ν
e
ν
e
, the second is for
n
→
νµ νµ νµ
.
Ï„
¡
n
→
5
ν
¢
Ï„
58
Ï„
¡
n
→
5
ν
¢
Ï„
58
Ï„
¡
n
→
5
ν
¢
Ï„
58
Ï„
¡
n
→
5
ν
¢
Ï„
58
See the note on
Ï„
¡
n
→
3
ν
¢
on the previous data block.
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
0017
n
90
72 GLICENSTEIN 97
KAMI
72 GLICENSTEIN 97 uses Kamioka data and the idea that the disappearance of the neu-
tron’s magnetic moment should produce radiation.
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 24
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Inclusive modes
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
anything
¢
Ï„
59
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
anything
¢
Ï„
59
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
anything
¢
Ï„
59
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
anything
¢
Ï„
59
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
90
90
90
90
73 LEARNED
79
RVUE
73 The electron may be primary or secondary.
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
anything
¢
Ï„
60
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
anything
¢
Ï„
60
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
anything
¢
Ï„
60
Ï„
¡
N
→
µ
+
anything
¢
Ï„
60
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
12
>
12
>
12
>
12
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
90
90
90
90
2
222
74
,
75 CHERRY
81
HOME
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
1
.
8
p
,
n
90
75 COWSIK
80
CNTR
>
6
p
,
n
90
75 LEARNED
79
RVUE
74 We have converted 2 possible events to 90% CL limit.
75 The muon may be primary or secondary.
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
anything
¢
Ï„
61
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
anything
¢
Ï„
61
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
anything
¢
Ï„
61
Ï„
¡
N
→
ν
anything
¢
Ï„
61
Anything =
Ï€
,
Ï
,
K
, etc.
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
0002
p
,
n
90
0
LEARNED
79
RVUE
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
0
anything
¢
Ï„
62
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
0
anything
¢
Ï„
62
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
0
anything
¢
Ï„
62
Ï„
¡
N
→
e
+
Ï€
0
anything
¢
Ï„
62
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
>
0
.
6
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
p
,
n
90
90
90
90
0
000
LEARNED
79
RVUE
Ï„
¡
N
→
2 bodies,
ν
-free
¢
Ï„
63
Ï„
¡
N
→
2 bodies,
ν
-free
¢
Ï„
63
Ï„
¡
N
→
2 bodies,
ν
-free
¢
Ï„
63
Ï„
¡
N
→
2 bodies,
ν
-free
¢
Ï„
63
LIMIT
(1030 years)
PARTICLE
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
1
.
3
p
,
n
90
0
ALEKSEEV
81
BAKS
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
∆
B
= 2 dinucleon modes
Ï„
¡
p p
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
64
Ï„
¡
p p
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
64
Ï„
¡
p p
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
64
Ï„
¡
p p
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
+
¢
Ï„
64
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
90
90
90
90
4
444 2
.
34
2
.
34
2
.
34
2
.
34
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
65
Ï„
¡
p n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
65
Ï„
¡
p n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
65
Ï„
¡
p n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
65
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
2
.
0
>
2
.
0
>
2
.
0
>
2
.
0
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
31
0
.
31
0
.
31
0
.
31
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 25
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
66
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
66
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
66
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
+
Ï€
−
¢
Ï„
66
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
>
0
.
7
90
90
90
90
4
444 2
.
18
2
.
18
2
.
18
2
.
18
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
67
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
67
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
67
Ï„
¡
n n
→
Ï€
0
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
67
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
3
.
4
>
3
.
4
>
3
.
4
>
3
.
4
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
0
.
78
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
e
+
¢
Ï„
68
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
e
+
¢
Ï„
68
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
e
+
¢
Ï„
68
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
e
+
¢
Ï„
68
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
5
.
8
>
5
.
8
>
5
.
8
>
5
.
8
90
90
90
90
0
000
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
69
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
69
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
69
Ï„
¡
p p
→
e
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
69
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
3
.
6
>
3
.
6
>
3
.
6
>
3
.
6
90
90
90
90
0
000
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
<
0
.
1
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p p
→
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
70
Ï„
¡
p p
→
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
70
Ï„
¡
p p
→
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
70
Ï„
¡
p p
→
µ
+
µ
+
¢
Ï„
70
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
1
.
7
>
1
.
7
>
1
.
7
>
1
.
7
90
90
90
90
0
000 0
.
62
0
.
62
0
.
62
0
.
62
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p n
→
e
+
ν
¢
Ï„
71
Ï„
¡
p n
→
e
+
ν
¢
Ï„
71
Ï„
¡
p n
→
e
+
ν
¢
Ï„
71
Ï„
¡
p n
→
e
+
ν
¢
Ï„
71
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
2
.
8
>
2
.
8
>
2
.
8
>
2
.
8
90
90
90
90
5
555 9
.
67
9
.
67
9
.
67
9
.
67
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p n
→
µ
+
ν
¢
Ï„
72
Ï„
¡
p n
→
µ
+
ν
¢
Ï„
72
Ï„
¡
p n
→
µ
+
ν
¢
Ï„
72
Ï„
¡
p n
→
µ
+
ν
¢
Ï„
72
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
1
.
6
>
1
.
6
>
1
.
6
>
1
.
6
90
90
90
90
4
444 4
.
37
4
.
37
4
.
37
4
.
37
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
e
ν
e
¢
Ï„
73
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
e
ν
e
¢
Ï„
73
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
e
ν
e
¢
Ï„
73
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
e
ν
e
¢
Ï„
73
We include “invisible†modes here.
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
1
.
4
>
1
.
4
>
1
.
4
>
1
.
4
90
90
90
90
76 ARAKI
06
KLND
n n
→
invisible
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
000042 90
77 TRETYAK
04
CNTR
>
0
.
000049 90
78 BACK
03
BORX
>
0
.
000012 90
79 BERNABEI
00
B
DAMA
>
0
.
000012 90
5 9
.
7
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 26
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
76 ARAKI 06 looks for signs of de-excitation of the residual nucleus after disappearance of
two neutrons from the
s
shell of 12C.
77 TRETYAK 04 uses data from an old Homestake-mine radiochemical experiment on limits
for invisible decays of 39K to 37Ar.
78 BACK 03 looks for decays of unstable nuclides left after
N N
decays of parent 12C, 13C,
16O nuclei. These are “invisible channel†limits.
79 BERNABEI 00
B
looks for the decay of a 127
54
Xe nucleus following the disappearance of
an
n n
pair in the otherwise-stable 129
54
Xe nucleus. The limit here applies as well to
n n
→
νµ νµ
,
n n
→
ντ ντ
, or any “disappearance†mode.
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
µ
ν
µ
¢
Ï„
74
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
µ
ν
µ
¢
Ï„
74
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
µ
ν
µ
¢
Ï„
74
Ï„
¡
n n
→
ν
µ
ν
µ
¢
Ï„
74
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
000006 90
4 4
.
4
BERGER
91
B
FREJ
Ï„
per iron nu-
cleus
Ï„
¡
p n
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
75
Ï„
¡
p n
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
75
Ï„
¡
p n
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
75
Ï„
¡
p n
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
75
This violates charge conservation as well as baryon number conservation.
VALUE
(1030 years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
0
.
000021
>
0
.
000021
>
0
.
000021
>
0
.
000021
90
80 TRETYAK
04
CNTR
80 TRETYAK 04 uses data from an old Homestake-mine radiochemical experiment on limits
for invisible decays of 39K to 37Ar.
Ï„
¡
p p
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
76
Ï„
¡
p p
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
76
Ï„
¡
p p
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
76
Ï„
¡
p p
→
invisible
¢
Ï„
76
This violates charge conservation as well as baryon number conservation.
LIMIT
(1030 years)
CL
%
EVTS
BKGD EST
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
>
0
.
00005
>
0
.
00005
>
0
.
00005
>
0
.
00005
90
81 BACK
03
BORX
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
0
.
00000055 90
82 BERNABEI
00
B
DAMA
81 BACK 03 looks for decays of unstable nuclides left after
N N
decays of parent 12C, 13C,
16O nuclei. These are “invisible channel†limits.
82 BERNABEI 00
B
looks for the decay of a 127
52
Te nucleus following the disappearance of a
p p
pair in the otherwise-stable 129
54
Xe nucleus.
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
p
PARTIAL MEAN LIVES
The “partial mean life†limits tabulated here are the limits on
Ï„
/B
i
, where
Ï„
is the total mean life for the antiproton and B
i
is the branching fraction
for the mode in question.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ
¢
Ï„
77
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ
¢
Ï„
77
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ
¢
Ï„
77
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ
¢
Ï„
77
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
7
×
105
>
7
×
105
>
7
×
105
>
7
×
105
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
1848
95
GEER
94
CALO 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 27
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ
¢
Ï„
78
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ
¢
Ï„
78
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ
¢
Ï„
78
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ
¢
Ï„
78
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
5
.
0
×
104
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
79
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
79
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
79
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
79
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
4
×
105
>
4
×
105
>
4
×
105
>
4
×
105
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
554
95
GEER
94
CALO 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
80
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
80
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
80
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
Ï€
0
¢
Ï„
80
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
>
5
×
104
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
4
.
8
×
104
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
η
¢
Ï„
81
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
η
¢
Ï„
81
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
η
¢
Ï„
81
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
η
¢
Ï„
81
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
171
95
GEER
94
CALO 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
η
¢
Ï„
82
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
η
¢
Ï„
82
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
η
¢
Ï„
82
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
η
¢
Ï„
82
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
8
×
103
>
8
×
103
>
8
×
103
>
8
×
103
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
7
.
9
×
103
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
83
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
83
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
83
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
83
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
900
>
900
>
900
>
900
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
29
95
GEER
94
CALO 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
84
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
84
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
84
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
S
¢
Ï„
84
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
4
×
103
>
4
×
103
>
4
×
103
>
4
×
103
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
4
.
3
×
103
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
85
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
85
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
85
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
85
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
9
×
103
>
9
×
103
>
9
×
103
>
9
×
103
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
9
95
GEER
94
CALO 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 28
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
86
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
86
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
86
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
K
0
L
¢
Ï„
86
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
7
×
103
>
7
×
103
>
7
×
103
>
7
×
103
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
6
.
5
×
103
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
87
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
87
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
87
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
87
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
88
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
88
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
88
Ï„
¡
p
→
µ
−
γ γ
¢
Ï„
88
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
>
2
×
104
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
2
.
3
×
104
90
HU
98
B
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï
¢
Ï„
89
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï
¢
Ï„
89
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï
¢
Ï„
89
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
Ï
¢
Ï„
89
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
200
90
83 GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
83 This GEER 00 measurement has been withdrawn; see GEER 00
C
.
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
ω
¢
Ï„
90
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
ω
¢
Ï„
90
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
ω
¢
Ï„
90
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
ω
¢
Ï„
90
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
>
200
>
200
>
200
>
200
90
GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
91
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
91
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
91
Ï„
¡
p
→
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
¢
Ï„
91
VALUE
(years)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
• • •
We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
• • •
>
1
×
103
90
84 GEER
00
APEX 8
.
9 GeV/
c p
beam
84 This GEER 00 measurement has been withdrawn; see GEER 00
C
.
p
REFERENCES
p
REFERENCES
p
REFERENCES
p
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Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
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PL B505 59
V.I. Tretyak, Yu.G. Zdesenko
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00B
PL B493 12
R. Bernabei
et al.
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GEER
00
PRL 84 590
S. Geer
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Also
PR D62 052004
S. Geer
et al.
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Also
PRL 85 3546 (erratum) S. Geer
et al.
(FNAL APEX Collab.)
GEER
00C
PRL 85 3546 (erratum) S. Geer
et al.
(FNAL APEX Collab.)
GEER
00D
APJ 532 648
S.H. Geer, D.C. Kennedy
MELNIKOV
00
PRL 84 1673
K. Melnikov
et al.
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ROSENFELDR...00
PL B479 381
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SENGUPTA
00
PL B484 275
S. Sengupta
WALL
00
PR D61 072004
D. Wall
et al.
(Soudan-2 Collab.)
WALL
00B
PR D62 092003
D. Wall
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GABRIELSE
99
PRL 82 3198
G. Gabrielse
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HAYATO
99
PRL 83 1529
Y. Hayato
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MCGREW
99
PR D59 052004
C. McGrew
et al.
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MOHR
99
JPCRD 28 1713
P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor
(NIST)
Also
RMP 72 351
P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor
(NIST)
TORII
99
PR A59 223
H.A. Torii
et al.
(CERN PS-205 Collab.)
ALLISON
98
PL B427 217
W.W.M. Allison
et al.
(Soudan-2 Collab.)
HU
98B
PR D58 111101
M. Hu
et al.
(FNAL APEX Collab.)
SHIOZAWA
98
PRL 81 3319
M. Shiozawa
et al.
(Super-Kamiokande Collab.)
GLICENSTEIN 97
PL B411 326
J.F. Glicenstein
(SACL)
MERGELL
96
NP A596 367
P. Mergell
et al.
(MANZ, BONN)
GABRIELSE
95
PRL 74 3544
G. Gabrielse
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PR C52 2097
B.E. MacGibbon
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GEER
94
PRL 72 1596
S. Geer
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WONG
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HALLIN
93
PR C48 1497
E.L. Hallin
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SUZUKI
93B
PL B311 357
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92
PRL 69 578
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ZIEGER
92
PL B278 34
A. Zieger
et al.
(MPCM)
Also
PL B281 417 (erratum) A. Zieger
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(MPCM)
BERGER
91
ZPHY C50 385
C. Berger
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(FREJUS Collab.)
BERGER
91B
PL B269 227
C. Berger
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(FREJUS Collab.)
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91
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F.J. Federspiel
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MCCORD
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NIM B56/57 496
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PRL 65 1317
G. Gabrielse
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89
NP B313 509
C. Berger
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89
PRL 63 2559
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89C
PL B220 308
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89
PL B224 348
T.J. Phillips
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PRL 61 2522
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Also
PR D40 1701 (erratum) J.E. Bartelt
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84
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PR A29 425
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BARTELT
83
PRL 50 651
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82
PL 118B 461
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82
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HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 30
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18
Citation: C. Amsler
et al.
(Particle Data Group), PL
B667
, 1 (2008) and 2009 partial update for the 2010 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)
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81
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M.L. Cherry
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(PENN, BNL)
COWSIK
80
PR D22 2204
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SIMON
80
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BELL
79
PL 86B 215
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79
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BREGMAN
78
PL 78B 174
M. Bregman
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ROBERTS
78
PR D17 358
B.L. Roberts
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EVANS
77
SCI 197 989
J.C. Evans Jr., R.I. Steinberg
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HU
75
NP A254 403
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74
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JPCRD 2 664
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PR A7 1224
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72
JETP 35 651
Yu.K. Akimov
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DIX
70
Thesis Case
F.W. Dix
(CASE)
HARRISON
69
PRL 22 1263
G.E. Harrison, P.G.H. Sandars, S.J. Wright
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GURR
67
PR 158 1321
H.S. Gurr
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PR 141 1308
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RMP 35 335
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58
DOKL 3 79
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HTTP://PDG.LBL.GOV
Page 31
Created: 6/1/2009 14:18