Stroke, Vol 22, 983-988, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
PA Wolf, RD Abbott and WB Kannel
The impact of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, hypertension, coronary
heart disease, and cardiac failure on stroke incidence was examined in
5,070 participants in the Framingham Study after 34 years of follow-up.
Compared with subjects free of these conditions, the age-adjusted incidence
of stroke was more than doubled in the presence of coronary heart disease
(p less than 0.001) and more than trebled in the presence of hypertension
(p less than 0.001). There was a more than fourfold excess of stroke in
subjects with cardiac failure (p less than 0.001) and a near fivefold
excess when atrial fibrillation was present (p less than 0.001). In persons
with coronary heart disease or cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation doubled
the stroke risk in men and trebled the risk in women. With increasing age
the effects of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac failure on
the risk of stroke became progressively weaker (p less than 0.05).
Advancing age, however, did not reduce the significant impact of atrial
fibrillation. For persons aged 80-89 years, atrial fibrillation was the
sole cardiovascular condition to exert an independent effect on stroke
incidence (p less than 0.001). The attributable risk of stroke for all
cardiovascular contributors decreased with age except for atrial
fibrillation, for which the attributable risk increased significantly (p
less than 0.01), rising from 1.5% for those aged 50-59 years to 23.5% for
those aged 80- 89 years. While these findings highlight the impact of each
cardiovascular condition on the risk of stroke, the data suggest that the
elderly are particularly vulnerable to stroke when atrial fibrillation is
present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARTICLES
Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study
Department of Neurology, Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research, Boston, Mass.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. Deftereos, G. Giannopoulos, C. Kossyvakis, K. Raisakis, A. Theodorakis, A. Kaoukis, K. Toli, V. Panagopoulou, M. Driva, I. Mantas, et al. Short-term fluctuations of plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a way to assess time of onset? Heart, July 1, 2010; 96(13): 1033 - 1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Roberts, R. W. Davies, S. A. Lubitz, I. L. Thibodeau, P. B. Nery, D. H. Birnie, E. J. Benjamin, R. Lemery, P. T. Ellinor, and M. H. Gollob Evaluation of non-synonymous NPPA single nucleotide polymorphisms in atrial fibrillation Europace, June 12, 2010; (2010) euq161v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Lomas, R. A. Argyle, and B. D. Prendergast Will direct thrombin inhibition change the boundaries of oral anti-coagulation? QJM, June 1, 2010; 103(6): 429 - 434. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Lee, K. Bartus, and S. J. Yakubov Catheter-Based Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Ligation for the Prevention of Embolic Events Arising From the LAA: Initial Experience in a Canine Model Circ Cardiovasc Interv, June 1, 2010; 3(3): 224 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. E. Schwartz and G. W. Albers Dabigatran Challenges Warfarin's Superiority for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Stroke, June 1, 2010; 41(6): 1307 - 1309. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. B. Tedrow, D. Conen, P. M. Ridker, N. R. Cook, B. A. Koplan, J. E. Manson, J. E. Buring, and C. M. Albert The Long- and Short-Term Impact of Elevated Body Mass Index on the Risk of New Atrial Fibrillation The WHS (Women's Health Study). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 25, 2010; 55(21): 2319 - 2327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Nault, S. Miyazaki, A. Forclaz, M. Wright, A. Jadidi, P. Jais, M. Hocini, and M. Haissaguerre Drugs vs. ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: the evidence supporting catheter ablation Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2010; 31(9): 1046 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Aliot, G. Breithardt, J. Brugada, J. Camm, G. Y. H. Lip, P. E. Vardas, M. Wagner, and for the Atrial Fibrillation AWareness And Risk Edu An international survey of physician and patient understanding, perception, and attitudes to atrial fibrillation and its contribution to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality Europace, May 1, 2010; 12(5): 626 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Toh, H. Kanzaki, S. Nakatani, T. Ohara, J. Kim, K. F. Kusano, K. Hashimura, T. Ohe, H. Ito, and M. Kitakaze Left Atrial Volume Combined With Atrial Pump Function Identifies Hypertensive Patients With a History of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Hypertension, May 1, 2010; 55(5): 1150 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Friberg, N. Hammar, and M. Rosenqvist Stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2010; 31(8): 967 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schmutz, S. Beer-Borst, A. Meiltz, P. Urban, J. M. Gaspoz, M. C. Costanza, A. Morabia, and M. Zimmermann Low prevalence of atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic adults in Geneva, Switzerland Europace, April 1, 2010; 12(4): 475 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. Lloyd-Jones, R. J. Adams, T. M. Brown, M. Carnethon, S. Dai, G. De Simone, T. B. Ferguson, E. Ford, K. Furie, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Circulation, February 23, 2010; 121(7): e46 - e215. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Wiberg, L. Lind, L. Kilander, B. Zethelius, J. E. Sundelof, and J. Sundstrom Cognitive function and risk of stroke in elderly men Neurology, February 2, 2010; 74(5): 379 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Ananthapanyasut, S. Napan, E. H. Rudolph, T. Harindhanavudhi, H. Ayash, K. E. Guglielmi, and E. V. Lerma Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Predictors in Nondialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2010; 5(2): 173 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Schaer, C. Schneider, S. S. Jick, D. Conen, S. Osswald, and C. R. Meier Risk for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Who Receive Antihypertensive Drugs: A Nested Case-Control Study Ann Intern Med, January 19, 2010; 152(2): 78 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Mariscalco and K. G. Engstrom Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with late mortality after coronary surgery, but not after valvular surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2009; 88(6): 1871 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Chikwe, J. Raikhelkar, F. Filsoufi, and A. Fischer Current Concepts in Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2009; 13(4): 215 - 224. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Paixao, A. L. Ribeiro, R. A. Valacio, and A. L. Teixeira Chagas Disease: Independent Risk Factor for Stroke Stroke, December 1, 2009; 40(12): 3691 - 3694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Bauer and R. Hetzer Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical treatment of lone atrial fibrillation MMCTS, November 27, 2009; 2009(1127): 3848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Holmes Jr and R. S. Schwartz Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Eliminates the Need for Warfarin Circulation, November 10, 2009; 120(19): 1919 - 1926. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Whitlock, J. S. Healey, and S. J. Connolly Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Does Not Eliminate the Need for Warfarin Circulation, November 10, 2009; 120(19): 1927 - 1932. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. Patton, P. T. Ellinor, S. R. Heckbert, R. H. Christenson, C. DeFilippi, J. S. Gottdiener, and R. A. Kronmal N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is a Major Predictor of the Development of Atrial Fibrillation: The Cardiovascular Health Study Circulation, November 3, 2009; 120(18): 1768 - 1774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. D. Sauren, M. la Meir, L. de Roy, L. Pison, F. H. van der Veen, W. H. Mess, H. J. Crijns, and J. G. Maessen Increased number of cerebral emboli during percutaneous endocardial pulmonary vein isolation versus a thoracoscopic epicardial approach Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 2009; 36(5): 833 - 837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Camm The RE-LY study: Randomized Evaluation of Long-term anticoagulant therapY: dabigatran vs. warfarin Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2009; 30(21): 2554 - 2555. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Lenaerts, V. Bito, F. R. Heinzel, R. B. Driesen, P. Holemans, J. D'hooge, H. Heidbuchel, K. R. Sipido, and R. Willems Ultrastructural and Functional Remodeling of the Coupling Between Ca2+ Influx and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release in Right Atrial Myocytes From Experimental Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., October 23, 2009; 105(9): 876 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. F. Christiansen, S. Christensen, F. Mehnert, S. R. Cummings, R. D. Chapurlat, and H. T. Sorensen Glucocorticoid Use and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study Arch Intern Med, October 12, 2009; 169(18): 1677 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Anter and D. J. Callans Pharmacological and Electrical Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm Is Worth the Effort Circulation, October 6, 2009; 120(14): 1436 - 1443. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Piccini, A. F. Hernandez, X. Zhao, M. R. Patel, W. R. Lewis, E. D. Peterson, G. C. Fonarow, and Get With The Guidelines Steering Committee and Hos Quality of care for atrial fibrillation among patients hospitalized for heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1280 - 1289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Connolly, H. J. G. M. Crijns, C. Torp-Pedersen, M. van Eickels, C. Gaudin, R. L. Page, S. H. Hohnloser, and for the ATHENA Investigators Analysis of Stroke in ATHENA: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death From Any Cause in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter Circulation, September 29, 2009; 120(13): 1174 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Wilber Pursuing sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: when is it too late? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 25, 2009; 54(9): 796 - 798. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Suissa, D. Bertora, S. Lachaud, and M. H. Mahagne Score for the Targeting of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF): A New Approach to the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2866 - 2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Qi, J. Xiao, Y. Zhang, J. Li, Y. Liu, P. Li, L. Liang, B. Jiang, W. Wen, C. Zhao, et al. Effects of Potassium Channel Blockers on Changes in Refractoriness of Atrial Cardiomyocytes Induced by Stretch Exp Biol Med, July 1, 2009; 234(7): 779 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Sievert and Y. L. Bayard Percutaneous Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage: A Major Step Forward J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., July 1, 2009; 2(7): 601 - 602. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Crandall, D. J. Bradley, D. L. Packer, and S. J. Asirvatham Contemporary Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Update on Anticoagulation and Invasive Management Strategies Mayo Clin. Proc., July 1, 2009; 84(7): 643 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 The ACTIVE Investigators Effect of Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation N. Engl. J. Med., May 14, 2009; 360(20): 2066 - 2078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Uretsky, A. Shah, S. Bangalore, L. Rosenberg, R. Sarji, D. R. Cantales, D. Macmillan-Marotti, F. A. Chaudhry, and M. V. Sherrid Assessment of left atrial appendage function with transthoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography Eur J Echocardiogr, May 1, 2009; 10(3): 363 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The European Registers of Stroke (EROS) Investigat Incidence of Stroke in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1557 - 1563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Conen, U. B. Tedrow, B. A. Koplan, R. J. Glynn, J. E. Buring, and C. M. Albert Influence of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure on the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Women Circulation, April 28, 2009; 119(16): 2146 - 2152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The GISSI-AF Investigators Valsartan for Prevention of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation N. Engl. J. Med., April 16, 2009; 360(16): 1606 - 1617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ad, S. D. Barnett, C. K. Haan, S. M. O'Brien, S. Milford-Beland, and A. M. Speir Does preoperative atrial fibrillation increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 2009; 137(4): 901 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kaab, D. Darbar, C. van Noord, J. Dupuis, A. Pfeufer, C. Newton-Cheh, R. Schnabel, S. Makino, M. F. Sinner, P. J. Kannankeril, et al. Large scale replication and meta-analysis of variants on chromosome 4q25 associated with atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2009; 30(7): 813 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nabauer, A. Gerth, T. Limbourg, S. Schneider, M. Oeff, P. Kirchhof, A. Goette, T. Lewalter, U. Ravens, T. Meinertz, et al. The Registry of the German Competence NETwork on Atrial Fibrillation: patient characteristics and initial management Europace, April 1, 2009; 11(4): 423 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. van Walraven, R. G. Hart, S. Connolly, P. C. Austin, J. Mant, F. D. R. Hobbs, P. J. Koudstaal, P. Petersen, F. Perez-Gomez, J. A. Knottnerus, et al. Effect of Age on Stroke Prevention Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1410 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Z. Soliman, R. J. Prineas, L. D. Case, Z. m. Zhang, and D. C. Goff Jr Ethnic Distribution of ECG Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Impact on Understanding the Ethnic Distribution of Ischemic Stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1204 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Go, M. C. Fang, N. Udaltsova, Y. Chang, N. K. Pomernacki, L. Borowsky, D. E. Singer, and for the ATRIA Study Investigators Impact of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Risk of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study Circulation, March 17, 2009; 119(10): 1363 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. H. Tay, D. A. Lane, and G. Y. H. Lip Challenges facing anticoagulation among the elderly and frail Age Ageing, March 1, 2009; 38(2): 140 - 142. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Bailey, D. C. Scantlebury, and S. S. Smyth Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy in Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2009; 29(3): 284 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Fatema, M. E. Barnes, K. R. Bailey, W. P. Abhayaratna, S. Cha, J. B. Seward, and T. S.M. Tsang Minimum vs. maximum left atrial volume for prediction of first atrial fibrillation or flutter in an elderly cohort: a prospective study Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2009; 10(2): 282 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E.B. Balbao, A. A.V. de Paola, and G. Fenelon Effects of alcohol on atrial fibrillation: myths and truths Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, February 1, 2009; 3(1): 53 - 63. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Bejot, D. B. Salem, G. V. Osseby, G. Couvreur, J. Durier, C. Marie, Y. Cottin, T. Moreau, and M. Giroud Epidemiology of ischemic stroke from atrial fibrillation in Dijon, France, from 1985 to 2006 Neurology, January 27, 2009; 72(4): 346 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. Lloyd-Jones, R. Adams, M. Carnethon, G. De Simone, T. B. Ferguson, K. Flegal, E. Ford, K. Furie, A. Go, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, January 27, 2009; 119(3): e21 - e181. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Belluzzi, L. Sernesi, P. Preti, F. Salinaro, M. L. Fonte, and S. Perlini Prevention of recurrent lone atrial fibrillation by the angiotensin-II converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in normotensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 6, 2009; 53(1): 24 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Ricci, L. Morichelli, and M. Santini Remote control of implanted devices through Home MonitoringTM technology improves detection and clinical management of atrial fibrillation Europace, January 1, 2009; 11(1): 54 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. L. Mao, J. J. Wheeler, L. Clohs, G. N. Beatch, and J. Keirns Pharmacokinetics of Novel Atrial-Selective Antiarrhythmic Agent Vernakalant Hydrochloride Injection (RSD1235): Influence of CYP2D6 Expression and Other Factors J. Clin. Pharmacol., January 1, 2009; 49(1): 17 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Cosentino, L. Ryden, P. Francia, and L. G. Mellbin CHAPTER 14 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, January 1, 2009; 2(1): med-9780199566990-chapter - med-9780199566990-chapter. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Camm, P. Kirchhof, G. Y.H. Lip, I. Savelieva, and S. Ernst CHAPTER 29 Atrial Fibrillation ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, January 1, 2009; 2(1): med-9780199566990-chapter - med-9780199566990-chapter. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bajpai, I. Savelieva, and A. J. Camm Treatment of atrial fibrillation Br. Med. Bull., December 5, 2008; (2008) ldn046v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wachtell, R. B. Devereux, P. A. Lyle, P. M. Okin, and E. Gerdts The left atrium, atrial fibrillation, and the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, December 1, 2008; 2(6): 507 - 513. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 For questions on page Emerg. Med. J., December 1, 2008; 25(12): 860 - 860. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Tayal, M. Tian, K. M. Kelly, S. C. Jones, D. G. Wright, D. Singh, J. Jarouse, J. Brillman, S. Murali, and R. Gupta Atrial fibrillation detected by mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry in cryptogenic TIA or stroke Neurology, November 18, 2008; 71(21): 1696 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Heeringa, E. H. Hoogendoorn, W. M. van der Deure, A. Hofman, R. P. Peeters, W. C. J. Hop, M. den Heijer, T. J. Visser, and J. C. M. Witteman High-Normal Thyroid Function and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Rotterdam Study Arch Intern Med, November 10, 2008; 168(20): 2219 - 2224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Hauser, D. C. Peters, J. V. Wylie, and W. J. Manning Evaluating the left atrium by magnetic resonance imaging Europace, November 1, 2008; 10(suppl_3): iii22 - iii27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Niinuma, R. T. George, A. Arbab-Zadeh, J. A.C. Lima, and C. A. Henrikson Imaging of pulmonary veins during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: the role of multi-slice computed tomography Europace, November 1, 2008; 10(suppl_3): iii14 - iii21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Mariscalco, C. Klersy, M. Zanobini, M. Banach, S. Ferrarese, P. Borsani, C. Cantore, P. Biglioli, and A. Sala Atrial Fibrillation After Isolated Coronary Surgery Affects Late Survival Circulation, October 14, 2008; 118(16): 1612 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. P. Salzberg, A. M. Gillinov, A. Anyanwu, J. Castillo, F. Filsoufi, and D. H. Adams Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion: evaluation of a novel device with magnetic resonance imaging Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 2008; 34(4): 766 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fumoto, A. M. Gillinov, Y. Ootaki, M. Akiyama, D. Saeed, T. Horai, C. Ootaki, D. G. Vince, Z. B. Popovic, R. Dessoffy, et al. A novel device for left atrial appendage exclusion: the third-generation atrial exclusion device. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2008; 136(4): 1019 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Adam, H.-R. Neuberger, M. Bohm, and U. Laufs Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation With 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Circulation, September 16, 2008; 118(12): 1285 - 1293. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hu and Y. Sun Epidemiology, Risk Factors for Stroke, and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in China J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 2, 2008; 52(10): 865 - 868. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Knecht, C. Oelschlager, T. Duning, H. Lohmann, J. Albers, C. Stehling, W. Heindel, G. Breithardt, K. Berger, E. B. Ringelstein, et al. Atrial fibrillation in stroke-free patients is associated with memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2008; 29(17): 2125 - 2132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. L Bayard, S. H Ostermayer, and H. Sievert Alternatives to warfarin in atrial fibrillation: drugs and devices Heart, September 1, 2008; 94(9): 1113 - 1116. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A M Veitch, T P Baglin, A H Gershlick, S M Harnden, R Tighe, and S Cairns Guidelines for the management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures Gut, September 1, 2008; 57(9): 1322 - 1329. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Camm and J. A. Reiffel Defining endpoints in clinical trials on atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2008; 10(suppl_H): H55 - H78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Aliot and J. N. Ruskin Controversies in ablation of atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2008; 10(suppl_H): H32 - H54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Romero, J. Morris, and A. Pikula Review: Stroke prevention: modifying risk factors Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, August 1, 2008; 2(4): 287 - 303. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I van Wijk, P J Koudstaal, L J Kappelle, J van Gijn, J W Gorter, A Algra, and for the LiLAC Study Group Long-term occurrence of death and cardiovascular events in patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke: comparison between arterial and cardiac source of the index event J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2008; 79(8): 895 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanaka, Y. Ishikawa, M. Yokoyama, H. Origasa, M. Matsuzaki, Y. Saito, Y. Matsuzawa, J. Sasaki, S. Oikawa, H. Hishida, et al. Reduction in the Recurrence of Stroke by Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Hypercholesterolemic Patients: Subanalysis of the JELIS Trial Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 2052 - 2058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Schneider, R. Malisius, K. Krause, F. Lampe, E. Bahlmann, S. Boczor, M. Antz, S. Ernst, and K.-H. Kuck Strain rate imaging for functional quantification of the left atrium: atrial deformation predicts the maintenance of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2008; 29(11): 1397 - 1409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. C. Ng, G. T. Altemose, Q. Wu, K. Srivathsan, and L. R. P. Scott Typical Atrial Flutter as a Risk Factor for the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Without Otherwise Demonstrable Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Mayo Clin. Proc., June 1, 2008; 83(6): 646 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. Singer, G. W. Albers, J. E. Dalen, M. C. Fang, A. S. Go, J. L. Halperin, G. Y. H. Lip, and W. J. Manning Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 546S - 592S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|