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Article l -- Objectives 1
Article 2 -- General Description of the Space Station 2
Article 3 -- Space Station Elements 3
Article 4 -- Access to and Use of the Space Station 6
Article 5 -- Major Program Milestones 7
Article 6 -- Respective Responsibilities 8
Article 7 -- Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily Related to
Detailed Design and Development 16
Article 8 -- Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily Related to
Operations and Utilization 19
Article 9 -- Responsibilities for Operations Costs and Activities
27
Article 10 - Safety 29
Article 11 -- Space Station Crew 30
Article 12 -- Transportation, Communications and Other Non-Space
Station Facilities 32
Article l3 -- Advanced Development Program 35
Article l4 -- Space Station Evolution 36
Article l5 -- Cross-Waiver of Liability; Exchange of Data and Goods; Treatment of
Data and Goods in Transit; Customs and Immigration; Intellectual
Property; Criminal Jurisdiction 37
Article l6 -- Financial Arrangements 37
Article 17 -- Public Information 37
Article 18 -- Consultation and Settlement of Disputes 38
Article 19 -- Entry into Force; Withdrawal 38
Article 20 -- MOU Amendments 38
Article 21 - Language 39
Article 22 - Review 39
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (hereinafter
"NASA") and the Science and Technology Agency of Japan
(hereinafter "STA") have successfully cooperated in
the detailed definition and preliminary design of the permanently
manned civil Space Station, pursuant to the May 9, l985, Memorandum
of Understanding which was concluded under the Agreement between
the Government of the United States of America and the Government
of Japan on Cooperation in Research and Development in Science
and Technology, which entered into force on May 1, 1980. NASA
and the Government of Japan (hereinafter "the GOJ")
have agreed to continue this cooperation and signed the Memorandum
of Understanding between NASA and the Government of Japan on Cooperation
in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation and Utilization
of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station on March 14, 1989,
(hereinafter "the 1989 MOU"), under the Intergovernmental
Agreement signed on September 29, 1988. This cooperation was
initiated by the January l984 direction of the President of the
United States to NASA to develop and place into orbit a permanently
manned civil Space Station and his invitation to friends and allies
of the United States to cooperate in its development and use.
The Governments of Canada and Member States of the European Space
Agency are also participating in the Space Station program. On
December 6, 1993, the Governments of the United States, Japan,
Canada and Member States of the European Space Agency issued a
Joint Invitation to the Government of the Russian Federation to
join this cooperation. The Government of the Russian Federation
accepted this invitation on December 17, 1993.
The European Space Agency (hereinafter "ESA"), the Canadian
Space Agency (hereinafter "CSA"), and the Russian Space
Agency (hereinafter "RSA") have been designated by their
Governments as the Cooperating Agencies for the detailed design,
development, operation and utilization of the permanently inhabited
civil International Space Station. NASA and the GOJ will cooperate
closely with ESA, CSA, and RSA in the detailed design, development,
operation and utilization of the Space Station.
1.1. This Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter "MOU")
implements and is intended to be consistent with the provisions
of the Agreement among the Government of Canada, the Governments
of Member States of the European Space Agency, the GOJ, the Government
of the Russian Federation, and the Government of the United States
of America Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space
Station of January 29, 1998, (hereinafter "the Intergovernmental
Agreement").
1.2. Pursuant to laws and regulations in Japan, the GOJ will be
responsible for the Space Station cooperation provided for in
this MOU and the implementing arrangements. The GOJ hereby designates
STA as its Cooperating Agency, as provided for in Article 4 of
the Intergovernmental Agreement, responsible for implementing
Space Station cooperation. With the exception of Article 8.3.g.4,
Article 11.8, Article 20 and Article 22.2 of this MOU, STA will
implement all provisions of this MOU, including designation of
representatives of the GOJ referred to in Article 7.1.b, 7.1.d,
7.2.a, 7.2.b, 7.2.d, 7.2.e, 7.3 and 8.1.b, and the implementing
arrangements. The National Space Development Agency of Japan
(NASDA) may, as appropriate, assist STA in its implementation
of this MOU and the implementing arrangements.
1.3. The specific objectives of this MOU are:
- to provide the basis for cooperation between NASA and the GOJ
(hereinafter "the Parties") in the detailed design,
development, operation and utilization of the permanently inhabited
civil international Space Station for peaceful purposes, in accordance
with international law;
- to detail the roles and responsibilities of NASA and the GOJ, taking into account the roles and responsibilities of ESA, CSA and RSA in the detailed design, development, operation and utilization of the Space Station and also to record the commitments of NASA and the GOJ to each other and to ESA, CSA and RSA;
- to establish the management structure and interfaces necessary
to ensure effective planning and coordination in the conduct of
the detailed design, development, operation and utilization of
the Space Station;
- to provide a basis for cooperation that maximizes the total
capability of the Space Station to accommodate user needs and
that ensures that the Space Station is operated in a manner that
is safe, efficient and effective for both Space Station users
and Space Station operators; and
- to provide a general description of the Space Station and the
elements comprising it.
2.1. The detailed design, development, operation and utilization
of the permanently inhabited civil international Space Station
for peaceful purposes, in accordance with international law, is
a long-term international cooperative endeavor, on the basis of
genuine partnership, involving the Governments of Canada, Member
States of the European Space Agency, Japan, the Russian Federation
and the United States. This MOU defines the nature of this genuine
partnership, including the respective rights and obligations of
the Parties in this cooperation.
2.2. NASA, RSA, the GOJ, ESA, and CSA (hereinafter "the partners")
will join their efforts, under the lead role of NASA for overall
management and coordination, to create an integrated international
Space Station (hereinafter "the Space Station"). NASA
and RSA, drawing on their extensive experience in human space
flight, will produce elements which serve as the foundation for
the Space Station. The GOJ and ESA will produce elements that
will significantly enhance the Space Station's capabilities.
CSA's contribution will be an essential part of the Space Station.
2.3. The Space Station will be a unique permanently inhabited
multi-use facility in low Earth orbit, with flight elements provided
by all the partners and Space Station-unique ground elements to
support the operation and utilization of the elements on orbit.
2.4. The Space Station will enable its users to take advantage
of human ingenuity in connection with its low-gravity environment,
the near-perfect vacuum of space and the vantage point for observing
the Earth and the rest of the Universe. Specifically, the Space
Station and its evolutionary additions could provide for a variety
of capabilities, for example:
- a laboratory in space, for the conduct of science and applications
and the development of new technologies;
- a permanent observatory in high-inclination orbit from which
to observe Earth, the Solar System and the rest of the Universe;
- a transportation node where payloads and vehicles are stationed, assembled, processed
and deployed to their destination;
- a servicing capability from which payloads and vehicles are maintained, repaired,
replenished and refurbished;
- an assembly capability from which large space structures and
systems are assembled and verified;
- a research and technology capability in space, where the unique
space environment enhances commercial opportunities and encourages
commercial investment in space;
- a storage depot for consumables, payloads and spares; and
- a staging base for possible future missions, such as a permanent
lunar base, a human mission to Mars, robotic planetary probes,
a human mission to survey the asteroids, and a scientific and
communications facility in geosynchronous orbit.
3.l. The Space Station will consist of elements provided by the
partners comprising both flight elements and Space Station-unique
ground elements. The elements are summarized in the
Annex to the Intergovernmental Agreement and are further elaborated
in this Article. Their requirements are defined and controlled
in appropriate program documentation as provided for in Article
7.
3.2. NASA Space Station Flight Elements: NASA will design, develop
and provide on orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
the U.S. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) system, flight software
and spares as required:
- one permanently attached Habitation Module with complete basic
functional outfitting to support habitation for four crew members,
including primary storage of crew provisions and the health maintenance
system;
- one permanently attached multipurpose Laboratory Module, located
so as to contain the optimum microgravity environment of the Space
Station payload accommodations, with complete basic functional
outfitting, including accommodations of International Standard
Payload Racks and provisions for storage of NASA spares, and secondary
storage of crew provisions;
- one permanently attached Centrifuge Accommodation Module, with complete basic
functional outfitting, a centrifuge rotor, and accommodations for International Standard
Payload Racks which will contain a glovebox and specimen habitats;
- three Nodes which provide pressurized volume for crew and equipment
and connections between Space Station pressurized elements;
- Truss Assembly which provides Space Station structure for attaching
elements and systems;
- four accommodation sites for external payloads attached to the Space Station Truss
Assembly;
- Solar Photovoltaic Power Modules and associated power distribution
and conditioning equipment which serve as the primary Space Station
electrical power source, providing an average of 75kW;
- one FGB Energy Block, a self-sufficient orbital transfer vehicle
which contains propulsion, guidance, navigation and control, communications,
electrical power, thermal control systems and stowage capacity
(FGB);
- one airlock for purposes of crew and equipment transfer with
the capability to accommodate U.S. and Russian space suits;
- crew rescue vehicle with capabilities to support the rescue
and return of a minimum of four crew;
- logistics carriers which provide the delivery of water, atmosphere
gases and crew supplies and delivery and return of dry cargo,
including crew supplies, logistics and scientific equipment; and
- one Mobile Transporter which will serve to provide translation
capability for the Mobile Servicing Center.
3.3. The GOJ Space Station Flight Elements: The GOJ will design,
develop and provide on orbit the following flight elements including
subsystems, flight software and spares as required:
- one Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), a permanently attached
multipurpose research and development laboratory, consisting of
a pressurized module, an Exposed Facility and at least two Experiment
Logistic Modules, and including a scientific equipment airlock,
the JEM remote manipulator and IVA control/monitoring of the JEM
Remote Manipulator System (JEM-RMS), with complete basic functional
outfitting, including accommodations of International Standard
Payload Racks and provisions for storage of the GOJ spares and
secondary storage of crew provisions; and
- logistics carriers which provide system operations support,
user logistics and on-orbit supply.
3.4. ESA, CSA and RSA Space Station Flight Elements: As reflected
in the MOU between NASA and ESA, in the MOU between NASA and CSA
and in the MOU between NASA and RSA:
3.4.a. ESA Space Station Flight Elements: ESA will design, develop
and provide on orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
flight software and spares as required:
- one European pressurized laboratory permanently attached to
the Space Station, with complete basic functional outfitting,
including accommodations of International Standard Payload Racks
and accommodations for external payloads, and provisions for storage
of ESA spares and secondary storage of crew provisions;
- logistics carriers which provide system operations support,
user logistics and on-orbit supply; and
- orbital transfer vehicles which provide thrust capability for
orbit adjustments (reboost).
3.4.b. CSA Space Station Flight Elements: The Canadian elements
will be developed to play the predominant role in satisfying the
following functions for the Space Station:
- attached payload servicing (external);
- Space Station assembly;
- Space Station maintenance (external);
- transportation on Space Station;
- deployment, retrieval and berthing; and
- EVA support.
3.4.b.l. CSA will design, develop and provide the following flight
elements, including subsystems, flight software and agreed spares
as required:
- the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS);
- the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS); and
- one Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM).
The SSRMS, the MBS and the NASA-provided Mobile Transporter comprise
the Mobile Servicing Center (MSC). The MSC together with the
SPDM comprise the Mobile Servicing System (MSS).
3.4.c. RSA Space Station Flight Elements: RSA will design, develop
and provide on orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
the RSA Extravehicular Activity (EVA) system, flight software
and spares as required:
- Service Module providing a capability for attitude control and
reboost with complete basic functional outfitting to support habitation
of three crew members;
- two Life Support Modules to accommodate additional equipment
to support Space Station crew and supplement the life support
functions present in the Service Module;
- two Docking Compartments to support EVA for assembly and operations;
- Universal Docking Module, which includes gyrodynes to provide
docking and pressurized access to the Russian elements and a capability
to support research activities;
- Science Power Platform which will provide an average of 19 kW
and which includes Autonomous Thrusting Facilities, power distribution
and conditioning equipment, accommodation sites for external payloads
and a remote manipulator system;
- two Research modules with a complete set of equipment to support
research activities;
- Soyuz TM vehicle to provide on-orbit shelter, crew rescue and
emergency crew return functions in accordance with technical capabilities
of one permanently docked Soyuz TM vehicle;
- Progress vehicle to provide Space Station reboost capabilities
and delivery of infrastructure elements, propellant, water and
atmospheric gases, and delivery and return of dry cargo, including
crew supplies, logistics and scientific equipment; and
- Docking and Stowage Module to accommodate additional stowage
and support Soyuz docking.
3.5. Space Station-unique ground elements will be provided by NASA, the GOJ and the other partners. These elements will be adequate to support the detailed design and development (including assembly and verification), the continuing operation and the full international utilization of each partner's flight elements listed above. The requirements for these elements will be defined and controlled in appropriate program documentation as provided for in
Article 7.
3.5.a. NASA will provide the following Space Station-unique ground
elements: equipment required for specialized or unique integration
or, as the case may be, for launch or return to Earth; ground
support equipment (GSE) and flight support equipment (FSE) including
necessary logistics; engineering support centers and user support
centers; test equipment, mock-ups, simulators, crew training equipment,
software and any facilities necessary to house these items; the
Space Station Control Center (SSCC); the Payload Operations Integration
Center (POIC); the Space Station Training Facility (SSTF); Space
Station verification and test facilities; subsystem testbeds;
and elements related to logistics support and to software development,
integration, test and verification.
3.5.b. The GOJ will provide the following Space Station-unique
ground elements: equipment required for specialized or unique
integration or, as the case may be, for launch or return to Earth;
GSE and FSE including necessary logistics; operations control
centers, engineering support centers and user support centers;
and test equipment, mock-ups, simulators, crew training equipment,
software and any facilities necessary to house these items.
3.5.c. As reflected in the MOU between NASA and ESA, in the MOU
between NASA and CSA, and in the MOU between NASA and RSA, ESA,
CSA and RSA will provide the following Space Station-unique ground
elements: equipment required for specialized or unique integration
or, as the case may be, for launch or return to Earth; GSE and
FSE including necessary logistics; operations control centers,
including, in the case of RSA, Mission Control Center-Moscow,
engineering support centers and user support centers; and test
equipment, mock-ups, simulators, crew training equipment, software
and any facilities necessary to house these items.
4.1. NASA and the GOJ will each assure access to and use of their
Space Station flight elements listed in Article 3.
4.2. The partners' utilization of flight elements listed in Article
3 will be equitable, as provided in the allocation commitments
set forth in Article 8 of this MOU and of the corresponding MOU
between NASA and ESA, the MOU between NASA and CSA and the MOU
between NASA and RSA. Beyond these allocation commitments, the
capabilities of the Space Station will be made available to the
partners subject to specific arrangements between the relevant
partners.
4.3. In accordance with the procedures in Article 8, NASA and the GOJ will each assure access to and use of their Space Station-unique ground elements referred to in Article 3.5 by each other and the other partners in order to support fully the utilization of the flight elements in accordance with the Consolidated Operations and Utilization Plan provided for in
Article 8.1.c. As provided in Article 8, NASA and the GOJ will
each also assure access to and use of their Space Station-unique
ground elements by each other and the other partners for system
operations support.
4.4. As requested by either Party for its detailed design and
development activities, access to and use of the Space Station-unique
ground elements provided by either Party will be granted on a
space-available basis and subject to specific arrangements.
5.1. The Space Station programs of NASA and the GOJ each include
detailed design and development. The NASA and the GOJ programs
also include Space Station operation and utilization. Because
of the extended period required to assemble the Space Station,
the detailed design and development activities will overlap the
operation and utilization activities. After the completion of
detailed design and development which includes assembly of the
Space Station and one year of initial operational verification
(hereinafter "detailed design and development"), mature
operations and utilization will begin.
5.2. Major target milestones for the Space Station are as follows:
- First NASA-provided Space Station Element
(launched by RSA) 1998
- Permanent Human Presence Capability
(habitation and crew rescue capability for three crew) 1999
- NASA-provided Laboratory Module Launch 1999
- First JEM Launch 2001
- JEM Pressurized Module Launch 2001
- JEM Assembly Complete 2002
- Assembly Complete 2003
(assembly of all permanently attached elements listed in Article
3)
- Initiation of Mature Operations and Utilization 2004
5.3. NASA and the GOJ will develop, maintain and exchange coordinated
implementation schedules. These schedules, including the dates
for the above milestones, the delivery dates for the GOJ-provided
elements and the NASA-provided elements, and the assembly sequence
for all elements of the Space Station, will be updated as necessary
and formally controlled as described in Article 7.
6.1. NASA Responsibilities
6.l.a. While undertaking the detailed design and development of
the Space Station elements described in Articles 3.2 and 3.5.a,
and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities established
elsewhere in this MOU, NASA will:
l. provide overall program management and coordination for detailed
design and development of an integrated Space Station and manage
the detailed design and development of the NASA-provided elements;
2. perform overall system engineering and integration, with participation
of the GOJ and the other partners as necessary, which includes
integrated risk management activities, and perform system engineering
and integration, including risk management activities, for NASA-provided
elements consistent with these responsibilities;
3. establish, in consultation with the other partners, overall
verification, safety and mission assurance requirements and plans;
and develop verification, safety and mission assurance requirements
and plans for the NASA-provided elements that meet or exceed these
overall requirements and plans, which address the elements in
Articles 3.2 and 3.5.a;
4. confirm that the GOJ verification, safety and mission assurance
requirements and plans for the GOJ-provided elements, developed
by the GOJ in accordance with Article 6.2.a.4, meet or exceed
the overall Space Station verification, safety and mission assurance
requirements and plans;
5. provide regular progress and status information on overall
Space Station and NASA Space Station program activities and plans
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2;
6. establish with the GOJ and the other partners, integrated traffic
plans for the Space Station in accordance with Articles 7, 8,
11 and 12;
7. provide to the GOJ, as applicable, program, systems requirements,
technical interface, systems design and systems operations information
necessary for the integration of the GOJ-provided elements described
in Articles 3.3 and 3.5 into the Space Station and/or the integrated
operation and utilization of the GOJ-provided elements;
8. develop, with the GOJ, the agreed documentation described in
Article 7.2;
9. perform ground integration tests as necessary to assure on-orbit
compatibility and perform verification and acceptance tests for
the flight elements in Article 3.2 and accommodate the GOJ representation
at such tests as necessary for NASA and the GOJ to fulfill their
respective responsibilities under this MOU;
10. ensure that the NASA-provided elements comply with overall
Space Station program requirements and confirm that the GOJ-provided
elements comply with overall Space Station requirements;
11. conduct, together with the GOJ and the other partners, as
necessary: overall Space Station technical reviews, including
integrated design, critical design, design certification, safety
and mission assurance, operations readiness and flight readiness
reviews, in order for NASA to certify, following the certifications
at element-level by each partner for the elements it provides,
that all Space Station infrastructure and accommodations elements
to be launched on the Space Shuttle are acceptable for launch,
on-orbit assembly and orbital operations;
12. conduct for the elements it provides: technical reviews,
including design and safety and mission assurance reviews as set
forth in the documents described in Article 7.2; and provide for
the GOJ and other partner participation as necessary for NASA
and the GOJ to fulfill their respective responsibilities under
this MOU;
13. provide for the GOJ participation in other partners' technical
reviews as necessary for NASA and the GOJ to fulfill their respective
responsibilities under this MOU;
14. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information necessary
for the GOJ to conduct the reviews identified in Article 6.2.a.11;
15. deliver on orbit the GOJ-provided elements and their initial
outfitting in accordance with Article 12 and the assembly sequence
controlled in appropriate program documentation as provided for
in Article 7; assemble on orbit and verify interfaces of Space
Station flight elements, including the flight elements and, as
applicable, orbital transfer vehicles that the GOJ will provide,
with assistance from the GOJ, in accordance with agreed assembly,
activation and verification plans;
16. assist in the on-orbit activation and performance verification
of the flight elements provided by the GOJ in accordance with
agreed assembly, activation and verification plans;
17. for each NASA-provided flight element, provide necessary ground
and flight support equipment and initial spares; and perform qualification
and acceptance tests of this equipment according to Space Station
program requirements and interfaces as set forth in the documents
described in Article 7.2;
18. establish in Japan and accommodate in the United States agreed
liaison personnel as provided in Article 7.3;
19. participate with the GOJ and the other partners in Space Station
management mechanisms as provided in Articles 7 and 8, including
the development of the Operations Management Plan and the Utilization
Management Plan;
20. work with the GOJ and the other partners to ensure that the
Space Station Composite Utilization Plan described in Article
8.3.g.2 can be accommodated as described in Article 8 by the elements
provided by NASA, the GOJ and the other partners. In addition,
NASA will work with the GOJ in order that NASA and CSA, respectively,
may establish the capabilities to distribute data to NASA and
CSA users of the JEM directly from the NASA Tracking and Data
Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) space network and to process NASA
and CSA user commands to the JEM through the TDRSS space network;
21. establish in consultation with the GOJ and the other partners, information format and communication standards for a technical and management information system, and establish and maintain a computerized technical and management information system. This system is to work in conjunction with a compatible GOJ computerized information system in accordance with the principles outlined in the documents described in
Article 7.2;
22. provide or arrange for provision of crew rotation in accordance
with the documents described in Articles 7, 8 and 9, and implementing
arrangements, to support Space Station crew flight opportunities
as described in Article 11. Specific assignments of crew members
to specific vehicles will be made in accordance with the traffic
planning process described in Article 8;
23. provide or arrange for provision of crew rescue capability;
24. provide or arrange for provision of reboost and non-propulsive attitude control as
agreed;
25. deliver or arrange for delivery of on-orbit propellant for
reboost and propulsive attitude control as agreed;
26. arrange with RSA for provision of RSA-generated electrical
power and augment RSA-generated electrical power, in accordance
with agreed power transfer schedules, and provide electrical power
to RSA on a contingency basis thereafter, to maintain essential
RSA-provided flight element core systems, as agreed;
27. establish Space Station software standards together with the
GOJ and the other partners and in accordance with the documents
described in Article 7.2, develop necessary hardware and software
for software production, develop flight and ground software related
to elements it provides in accordance with the established standards,
and develop a software integration, test and verification capability
for the NASA-provided elements and the Space Station program;
28. develop, in consultation with the GOJ and the other partners,
an architecture for the end-to-end data transmission between the
Space Station and the data users;
29. develop an integrated logistics support system for the NASA-provided
Space Station flight elements and an integrated logistics management
capability for the Space Station program, including resupply,
on-board maintenance and inventory integration, in accordance
with the documents described in Article 7.2;
30. provide spares for the NASA-provided elements as required
to support assembly and initial operational verification;
31. develop and provide to the System Operations Panel described
in Article 8 baseline operations plans and logistics and maintenance
plans for the NASA-provided elements describing routine systems
capabilities and defining maintenance requirements, including
logistics requirements, necessary for sustaining their functional
performance;
32. develop with the GOJ, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures in accordance
with Article 11;
33. establish the Space Station Control Center (SSCC), the Payload
Operations Integration Center (POIC) and engineering and user
support centers as provided in Articles 3 and 8;
34. provide the Space Station Training Facility (SSTF) and additional
training facilities to accommodate specific training for NASA-provided
elements and integrated flight crew and ground controller multi-segment
training;
35. integrate GOJ-provided simulators, training materials, and
documentation for GOJ-provided elements into the SSTF in the United
States to support multi-segment training;
36. provide a simulator, training materials, and documentation
for NASA-provided elements for integration into the GOJ's specific
training facilities;
37. provide for NASA, the GOJ, and other partners' crew members
and ground controllers: specific training for NASA-provided elements,
and multi-segment station training consistent with the agreed
upon overall Space Station training flow and curriculum. The
fidelity of this training will be sufficient to ensure the capability
to perform all anticipated tasks; and
38. support training at other partners' facilities as agreed,
consistent with the overall Space Station training flow and curriculum.
6.l.b. Beginning upon the initiation of Space Station operations
and utilization, and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities
established elsewhere in this MOU, NASA will:
l. participate in Space Station management mechanisms and development
of documentation as provided in Articles 7 and 8 and in the sharing
of Space Station operations responsibilities as provided in Article
9;
2. maintain overall systems engineering, integration, risk management,
and operations support capability for Space Station operations
and utilization with participation of the GOJ and the other partners;
and maintain system engineering and integration, risk management,
and operations support capabilities for operations and utilization
for NASA-provided elements;
3. provide sustaining engineering, spares, operations support,
training and logistics support for the NASA-provided elements;
4. maintain the integrated logistics support system for the NASA-provided
flight elements and the integrated logistics management capability
described in Article 6.1.a.29;
5. work with the GOJ and the other partners to prepare and implement
plans for the integration and operation of user activities in
the Space Station Consolidated Operations and Utilization Plan
described in Article 8; and using the capabilities provided for
in Article 6.1.a.20, NASA and CSA, respectively, may distribute
data to NASA and CSA users of the JEM directly from the TDRSS
space network and process NASA and CSA user commands to the JEM
through the TDRSS space network;
6. provide logistics flights for the NASA-provided elements, for
the Space Station as a whole and for the elements provided by
other partners, in accordance with Articles 9 and 12;
7. maintain and operate the Space Station Control Center (SSCC),
the Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC) and engineering
and user support centers as provided in Articles 3 and 8;
8. maintain with the GOJ and the other partners, integrated traffic
plans for the Space Station in accordance with Articles 7, 8,
11 and 12;
9. maintain with the GOJ, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures and support provision
of Space Station crew health in accordance with Article 11;
10. maintain Space Station software standards together with the
GOJ and the other partners, maintain necessary hardware and software
for software production, maintain flight and ground software related
to the elements it provides, and maintain a software integration,
test and verification capability for the NASA-provided elements
and the Space Station program;
11. maintain and operate the SSTF and additional training facilities
to accommodate specific training for NASA-provided elements and
integrated flight crew and ground controller multi-segment training;
12. provide for NASA, the GOJ, and other partners' crew members
and ground controllers: specific training for NASA-provided elements
and multi-segment training consistent with the agreed upon overall
Space Station training flow and curriculum. The fidelity of this
training will be sufficient to ensure the capability to perform
all anticipated tasks; and
13. support training at other partners' facilities as agreed,
consistent with the overall Space Station training flow and curriculum.
6.2. The GOJ Responsibilities
6.2.a. While undertaking the detailed design and development of
the Space Station elements described in Articles 3.3 and 3.5.b,
and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities established
elsewhere in this MOU, the GOJ will:
1. support overall program management and coordination for design
and development of an integrated Space Station and manage the
design and development of the GOJ-provided elements;
2. support overall system engineering and integration, which includes
integrated risk management activities, and perform system engineering
and integration, including risk management activities, for the
GOJ-provided elements;
3. design the GOJ-provided elements to be compatible with the
Space Shuttle, and with the use of TDRSS;
4. support establishment of overall verification, safety and mission
assurance requirements and plans; and develop, in consultation
with NASA, verification, safety and mission assurance requirements
and plans for the GOJ-provided elements that meet or exceed these
overall requirements and plans, which address the elements in
Articles 3.3 and 3.5.b;
5. provide regular progress and status information on the GOJ
Space Station program activities and plans in accordance with
the documents described in Article 7.2;
6. support establishment of integrated traffic plans for the Space Station identified in
Article 6.1.a.6;
7. provide to NASA, as applicable, program, systems requirements,
technical interface, systems design and systems operations information
necessary for assessment of the impact of the GOJ-provided elements
on the Space Station configuration and/or on the integrated operation
and utilization of the Space Station, and necessary to integrate
those elements into the Space Station;
8. develop, with NASA, the agreed documentation as described
in Article 7.2;
9. perform interface verification tests as necessary to assure
on-orbit compatibility and perform verification and acceptance
tests for the flight elements in Article 3.3, and accommodate
NASA representation at such tests as necessary for NASA and the
GOJ to fulfill their respective responsibilities under this MOU;
10. ensure that the GOJ-provided elements comply with overall
Space Station requirements; and maintain, and provide to NASA
on request, ground and on-orbit verification test procedures and
results as necessary to assess that the GOJ-provided elements
comply with overall Space Station program requirements and interface
requirements as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2;
11. conduct for the elements it provides: technical reviews,
including design and safety and mission assurance reviews as set
forth in the documents described in Article 7.2 and provide for
NASA and other partner participation as necessary for NASA and
the GOJ to fulfill their respective responsibilities under this
MOU which will include reviews of safety and mission assurance;
12. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information necessary
for ESA, CSA or RSA to conduct reviews described in Article 6.1.a.13;
13. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information necessary
for NASA to conduct, the reviews identified in Articles 6.1.a.11
and 6.1.a.12;
14. following design and development of the GOJ-provided flight
elements, arrange for the on-orbit delivery of the GOJ-provided
flight elements and their initial outfitting in accordance with
Article 12 and in accordance with the assembly sequence controlled
by appropriate program documentation as described in Article 7;
15. assist in the on-orbit assembly and interface verification
of the GOJ-provided flight elements in accordance with agreed
assembly, activation and verification plans;
16. activate on-orbit and verify performance of the GOJ-provided
flight elements, with assistance from NASA, in accordance with
agreed assembly, activation and verification plans;
17. for each of the GOJ-provided flight elements, provide necessary
ground and flight support equipment and initial spares; and perform
qualification and acceptance tests of this equipment according
to Space Station program requirements and interfaces as set forth
in the documents described in Article 7.2;
18. establish in the United States and accommodate in Japan agreed
liaison personnel as provided in Article 7.3;
19. participate with NASA and the other partners in Space Station
management mechanisms as provided in Articles 7 and 8, including
the development of the Operations Management Plan and the Utilization
Management Plan;
20. work with NASA and the other partners to ensure that the Space
Station Composite Utilization Plan described in Article 8.3.g.2
can be accommodated as described in Article 8 by the elements
provided by NASA, the GOJ and the other partners; and support
and provide information necessary for NASA and CSA, respectively,
to establish the capabilities to distribute data to NASA and CSA
users of the JEM directly from the TDRSS space network and to
process NASA and CSA user commands to the JEM through the TDRSS
space network;
21. establish and maintain, in accordance with the principles
outlined in the documents described in Article 7.2, a compatible
computerized technical and management information system to work
in conjunction with the compatible NASA computerized information
system referred to in Article 6.1.a.21;
22. support the establishment of Space Station software standards
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2; support
development of software integration, test and verification capability
for the Space Station program; develop necessary hardware and
software for software production; and develop flight and ground
software related to the elements it provides in accordance with
the established standards to work in conjunction with the Space
Station program software integration, test and verification capability;
23. support development of an architecture for the end-to-end
data transmission between the Space Station and the data users;
24. develop an integrated logistics support system for the GOJ-provided
flight elements and support development of the integrated logistics
management capability for the Space Station program including
resupply, on-board maintenance and inventory integration in accordance
with the documents described in Article 7.2;
25. provide spares for the GOJ-provided elements as required to
support assembly and initial operational verifications;
26. develop and provide to the System Operations Panel described
in Article 8 baseline operations plans and logistics and maintenance
plans for the GOJ-provided elements describing routine systems
capabilities and defining maintenance requirements, including
logistics requirements, necessary for sustaining their functional
performance;
27. develop with NASA, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures in accordance
with Article 11;
28. establish operations control centers and engineering and user
support centers for the GOJ-provided flight elements as provided
in Articles 3 and 8;
29. provide simulators, training materials, and documentation
for the GOJ-provided elements for integration into the SSTF in
the United States to support multi-segment training;
30. provide facilities and equipment to accommodate specific training
for GOJ-provided elements;
31. integrate the NASA-provided simulator, training materials
and documentation for NASA-provided elements into the GOJ's specific
training facilities;
32. provide specific training in Japan for the GOJ, NASA and other
partners' crew members and ground controllers in the GOJ-provided
element systems and the GOJ-provided utilization capabilities.
The fidelity of this training will be sufficient to ensure the
capability to perform all anticipated tasks for the GOJ-provided
elements. The GOJ training program for NASA and other partners'
crew members will be consistent with the agreed upon overall Space
Station training flow and curriculum; and
Space Station training flow and curriculum.
6.2.b. Beginning upon the initiation of Space Station operations
and utilization, and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities
established elsewhere in this MOU, the GOJ will:
1. participate in Space Station management mechanisms and development
of documentation as provided in Articles 7 and 8 and in the sharing
of Space Station operations responsibilities as provided in Article
9;
operations and utilization of the GOJ-provided elements;
3. provide sustaining engineering, spares, operations support, training and logistics support for the GOJ-provided elements;
5. work with NASA and the other partners to prepare and implement plans for the
integration and operation of user activities in the Space Station Consolidated
Operations and Utilization Plan described in Article 8; and support and provide
information necessary for NASA and CSA, respectively, to distribute data to
NASA and CSA users of the JEM directly from the TDRSS space network and to
process NASA and CSA user commands to the JEM through the TDRSS space
network;
6. provide logistics flights for the Space Station elements in
accordance with Articles 9 and 12;
7. maintain and operate operations control centers and engineering
and user support centers for the GOJ-provided flight elements
as provided in Articles 3 and 8;
8. support maintenance of integrated traffic plans for the Space Station as described
in Article 6.1.b.8;
9. maintain with NASA, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures and support provision
of Space Station crew health in accordance with Article 11;
10. support maintenance of Space Station software standards; support
maintenance of software integration, test and verification capability
for the Space Station program; maintain necessary hardware and
software for software production; and maintain flight and ground
software related to the elements it provides to work in conjunction
with the Space Station program software integration, test and
verification capability;
11. maintain and operate facilities and equipment to accommodate
specific training for the GOJ-provided elements;
12. provide specific training in Japan for the GOJ, NASA and other
partners' crew members and ground controllers in the GOJ-provided
element systems and the GOJ-provided utilization capabilities.
The fidelity of this training will be sufficient to ensure the
capability to perform all anticipated tasks for the GOJ-provided
elements. The GOJ training program for NASA and other partners'
crew members will be consistent with the agreed upon overall station
training flow and curriculum; and
13. support training at other partners' facilities as agreed, consistent with the overall
Space Station training flow and curriculum.
6.3. Additional Responsibilities
6.3.1. Notwithstanding the foregoing responsibilities outlined
in this Article, and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities
established elsewhere in this MOU, the GOJ will provide goods
and services in exchange for NASA's provision of Space Shuttle
launch services for launch of the JEM as provided for in Article
12.1.f. Specifically, the GOJ will provide, as set forth in implementing
arrangements:
6.3.2. The Centrifuge Accommodation Module will be a U.S. element
for the purposes of the Intergovernmental Agreement, and will
be provided and registered by the United States.
7.1. Management/Reviews
7.1.a. NASA and the GOJ are each responsible for the management
of their respective Space Station detailed design and development
activities consistent with the provisions of this MOU. This Article
establishes the management mechanisms to coordinate the respective
Space Station detailed design and development activities of NASA
and the GOJ, to establish applicable requirements, to assure safe
operations, to establish the interfaces between the Space Station
elements, to review decisions, to establish schedules, to review
the status of activities, to report progress and to resolve issues
and technical problems as they arise.
7.l.b. The NASA-GOJ Program Coordination Committee (PCC), co-chaired
by the designated representatives of NASA and the GOJ, will
meet periodically throughout the lifetime of the program or promptly
at the request of either Party to review the Parties' respective
detailed design and development activities. The Co-Chairmen will
together take those decisions necessary to assure implementation
of the cooperative detailed design and development activities
related to Space Station flight elements and to Space Station-unique
ground elements provided by the Parties, including, as appropriate,
activities related to design changes of the Parties' flight elements
during mature operations and utilization. In taking decisions
regarding detailed design and development, the NASA-GOJ PCC will
consider operation and utilization impacts, and will also consider
detailed design and development recommendations from the Multilateral
Coordination Board described in Article 8.1.b. However, decisions
regarding operation and utilization activities will be taken in
accordance with Article 8. The Co-Chairmen will each designate
their respective members and will decide on the location of meetings.
If the Co-Chairmen agree that a specific detailed design and
development issue or decision requires consideration by another
partner at the PCC level, the NASA-GOJ PCC may meet jointly with
the NASA-ESA PCC, and/or the NASA-CSA PCC and/or the NASA-RSA
PCC.
7.1.c. Bilateral/Multilateral Program Reviews will be held as
necessary at which the designated representatives of NASA, the
GOJ, and the other partners as appropriate will report progress
and discuss the status of their detailed design and development
program activities. The Bilateral Program Reviews will be held
as mutually agreed and will be co-chaired by NASA and the GOJ.
The Multilateral Program Reviews will meet as necessary at the
request of any partner and will be organized by NASA. Less formal
status reviews and technical meetings will be held as necessary;
representatives of the partners will attend these reviews and
meetings.
7.l.d. Space Station requirements, configuration, including assembly
sequence, integrated traffic planning, allocation of housekeeping
resources for design purposes, and definition of element interfaces
through the completion of assembly and initial operational verification
and any related Space Station configuration activities will be
controlled by the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) chaired by
NASA. The GOJ will be a member of the SSCB, and of such subordinate
boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating when
the GOJ decides it is appropriate and whenever these boards consider
items which affect the GOJ-provided elements, interfaces between
the NASA-provided and the GOJ-provided elements, interfaces between
the GOJ-provided elements and the Shuttle, interfaces between
the GOJ-provided elements and other partner-provided elements,
or the accommodation of the Composite Utilization Plan and the
Composite Operations Plan described in Article 8. Decisions by
the SSCB Chairman may be appealed to the NASA-GOJ PCC, although
it is the duty of the SSCB Chairman to make every effort to reach
consensus with the GOJ and the other partners rather than have
issues referred to the PCC level. Such appeals will be made and
processed expeditiously. Pending resolution of appeals, the GOJ
need not proceed with the implementation of an SSCB decision as
far as its provided elements are concerned. NASA may, however,
proceed with an SSCB decision as far as its provided elements
are concerned. Additional details regarding appeals to the NASA-GOJ
PCC are contained in the Joint Program Plan (JPP) described below.
NASA will be a member of the GOJ Space Station control board
(or its equivalent) chaired by the GOJ, and of such subordinate
boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating as
appropriate.
7.1.e. The GOJ will participate in selected NASA reviews on Space Station requirements, architecture and interfaces as defined in the Joint Management Plan (JMP) described in
Article 7.2.b. These reviews are program level reviews which
assure that the Space Station Program is progressing in accordance
with relevant program documentation. Similarly, NASA will participate
in selected GOJ reviews as defined in the JMP; the other partners
will participate as appropriate.
7.1.f. Through participation in the management mechanisms, NASA
and the GOJ agree to achieve commonality on the Space Station
as required by the overall Space Station safety requirements as
defined pursuant to Article 10. NASA and the GOJ also agree to
work through the management mechanisms in order to establish standard
interfaces if necessary for Space Station users in the permanently
attached pressurized laboratories. Exceptions to these requirements
for commonality may be agreed on a case-by-case basis between
NASA and the GOJ. In addition, NASA and the GOJ will work through
the above management mechanisms to seek agreement on a case-by-case
basis regarding the use of interchangeable hardware and software
in order to promote efficient and effective Space Station operations,
including reducing the burden on the Space Station logistics system.
7.2. Program Documentation
7.2.a. A Joint Program Plan for design and development, signed
by the designated representatives of NASA and the GOJ will cover
the interrelationship between the GOJ program and the overall
program, the NASA-GOJ top-level requirements including schedule,
management relationships, NASA-GOJ Space Station organizational
structures and additional details regarding appeals to the NASA-GOJ
PCC. Any modification to the JPP will be approved by the PCC.
7.2.b. The Joint Management Plan (JMP) defines the programmatic
and technical coordination processes and jointly developed documentation
used by NASA and the GOJ for all Space Station design, development
and implementation activities. The JMP and all changes to the
plan will be jointly signed by the designated representatives
of NASA and the GOJ.
7.2.c. The Concept of Operations and Utilization (COU) document
is the source of information which describes how the Space Station
operates and is operated. The content of the document will be
consistent with the tasks and products produced or prepared by
the partners. This document, during the detailed design and development
phase of the program, is under the control of the SSCB. However,
decisions regarding operation and utilization activities will
be taken in accordance with Article 8.
7.2.d. NASA, in conjunction with the other partners, develops
an overall Space Station Systems Specification based on information
provided by all partners which contains the performance and design
requirements for the Space Station flight element and ground facilities
hardware and software and provides the technical basis for overall
conduct of Space Station detailed design and development activities.
The Systems Specification, approved by the SSCB, contains the
requirements related to all partners' elements. Any modification
to the Systems Specification will be approved by the SSCB. The
Systems Specification also includes NASA-GOJ joint requirements.
This section will be jointly signed by the designated representatives
of NASA and the GOJ.
7.2.e. NASA and the GOJ will develop a JEM Segment Specification
jointly signed by designated representatives of NASA and the GOJ
that meets the requirements of the Systems Specification.
The GOJ will develop element specifications for the GOJ hardware/software
and these specifications will meet the requirements in the jointly
signed Segment Specification and the Systems Specification.
7.2.f. The Interface Control Documents (ICDs) will control interfaces:
between the flight elements comprising infrastructural elements
and the flight elements comprising accommodations elements as
defined in Article 8.1.d; between the flight elements comprising
infrastructural elements; and, as appropriate, between any other
flight elements; between flight and ground elements; or among
ground elements. Any modifications or any additions to the ICDs
will occur through the SSCB-approved process. NASA will also
develop a Baseline Configuration Document (BCD), based on information
provided by all the partners, which will be the reference document
reflecting the configuration of the Space Station.
7.3. Liaison. The NASA Space Station Program Office and STA Research
and Development Bureau are responsible for NASA-GOJ liaison activities.
The GOJ may provide representative(s) to NASA Headquarters in
Washington, DC, and NASA may provide representative(s) to the
STA in Tokyo. In order to facilitate the working relationships
between the NASA Space Station Program Office and the STA Research
and Development Bureau, the GOJ will provide, and NASA will accommodate
the GOJ liaison to the NASA Space Station Program Office. Similarly,
NASA will provide and the GOJ will accommodate NASA liaison to
the STA Research and Development Bureau. In addition, by mutual
agreement, the GOJ may provide and NASA will accommodate the GOJ
liaison to NASA Centers involved in the Space Station program,
and NASA may provide and the GOJ will accommodate liaison to other
locations supporting the GOJ Space Station program. Arrangements
specifying all conditions relating to the liaison relationships
will be agreed and jointly signed by the Co-Chairmen of the NASA/GOJ
PCC.
8.1. General
8.l.a. NASA will have the responsibility for the overall management
and coordination through the management mechanisms established
in this Article of the operation of the Space Station, including
Earth-to-orbit vehicle access in accordance with Articles 4.1
and 12. NASA and the GOJ each have responsibilities regarding
the management of their respective operations and utilization
activities and the overall Space Station operations and utilization
activities, in accordance with the provisions of this MOU. Operations
and utilization activities will comprise long-range planning and
top-level management and coordination, which will be performed
by the strategic-level organizations; detailed planning and support
to the strategic-level organizations which will be performed by
the tactical-level organizations; and implementation of these
plans which will be performed by the execution-level organizations.
8.1.b. The Multilateral Coordination Board (MCB) meets periodically
over the lifetime of the program or promptly at the request of
any partner with the task to ensure coordination of the activities
of the partners related to the operation and utilization of the
Space Station. The Parties to this MOU and the other partners
will plan and coordinate activities affecting the safe, efficient
and effective operation and utilization of the Space Station through
the MCB, except as otherwise specifically provided in this MOU.
The MCB comprises the designated representatives of NASA, the
GOJ, ESA, CSA, and RSA. The NASA representative will chair the
MCB. The Parties agree that all MCB decisions should be made
by consensus. Where consensus cannot be achieved on any specific
issue within the purview of the MCB within the time required,
the Chairman is authorized to take decisions. Nothing in this
paragraph shall, however, affect the rights of any partner to
use the consultation and settlement of disputes provisions of
Article 18. Pending resolution of these issues through consultations,
in accordance with the mechanism established in Article 18, a
partner has the right not to proceed with implementation of a
decision with respect to its elements. If consensus cannot be
achieved on issues not primarily technical or programmatic in
nature, including such issues with a political aspect, the consultations
and settlement of disputes provisions of Article 18 only will
apply. The Parties agree that, in order to protect
the interests of all partners in the program, the operation and
utilization of the Space Station will be most successful when
consensus is reached and when the affected partners' interests
are taken into account. MCB decisions will not modify rights
of the partners specifically provided in this MOU.
8.1.c. The MCB has established Panels responsible for the long-range
strategic coordination of the operation and utilization of the
Space Station, including supporting services such as transportation
and communications, called the System Operations Panel (SOP) and
the User Operations Panel (UOP) respectively, described in detail
below. The MCB has developed a SOP-UOP Charter that defines the
organizational relationships and responsibilities of these Panels,
and the organizational relationships of these Panels with the
tactical- and execution-level organizations described below.
Any modifications to the SOP-UOP Charter, including consolidation
of the panels, will be approved by the MCB. The MCB approves,
on an annual basis, a Consolidated Operations and Utilization
Plan (COUP) for the Space Station based on the annual Composite
Operations Plan (COP) and the annual Composite Utilization Plan
(CUP) developed by the Panels and described below. In doing so,
the MCB will be responsible for resolving any conflicts between
the COP and the CUP which cannot be resolved by the Panels. The
SOP and UOP will work together to prepare the COUP as described
in the SOP-UOP Charter. The SOP-UOP Charter also delineates the
Panels' delegated responsibilities with respect to adjustment
of the COUP. The COUP will be implemented by the appropriate
tactical- and execution-level organizations. The MCB also establishes
a Panel for the coordination of crew-related issues, called the
Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP), described in detail
in Article 11.
8.1.d. Space Station Flight Elements. There are three categories
of Space Station flight elements:
- accommodations elements;
- infrastructural elements, and
- other flight elements.
The accommodations elements are the NASA-provided Laboratory Module,
the NASA-provided Centrifuge Accommodation Module, the ESA-provided
European pressurized laboratory including the accommodations for
external payloads, the GOJ-provided JEM including the Exposed
Facility and the Experiment Logistics Modules, the RSA-provided
Universal Docking Module payload accommodations and the RSA-provided
Research Modules (hereinafter the "laboratory modules");
and the RSA-provided accommodation sites for external payloads
and the NASA-provided accommodation sites for external payloads.
The infrastructural elements comprise Space Station flight elements,
including servicing elements such as the Mobile Servicing Center
and other elements that produce resources which permit all Space
Station flight elements to be operated and used. Other flight
elements include the CSA-provided SPDM and elements used to resupply
to Space Station such as orbital transfer vehicles and logistics
carriers.
8.1.d.1. Housekeeping. Accommodations elements, infrastructural
elements, the CSA-provided SPDM and Space Station resources will
be used for assembly, for verification and for maintenance of
the Space Station in an operational status, and also for the storage
of element spares and crew provisions, with secondary storage
of crew provisions to be distributed among the laboratory modules.
In such use, they are referred to, respectively, as:
- housekeeping accommodations; and
- housekeeping resources.
During Space Station detailed design and development, these housekeeping
accommodations and housekeeping resources will be controlled in
appropriate program documentation as provided for in Article 7.
During Space Station mature operations and utilization, these
housekeeping accommodations and housekeeping resources will be
controlled according to the mechanisms in Article 8.2.d.
8.1.d.2. Utilization. The accommodations and resources not required
to maintain the Space Station in an operational status will be
available in connection with Space Station utilization, and are
referred to, respectively, as:
- user accommodations; and
- utilization resources.
Details regarding the allocation of the Space Station user accommodations
and utilization resources are provided in Article 8.3. NASA,
the GOJ, and the other partners agree to minimize the demands
for housekeeping accommodations and housekeeping resources in
order to maximize those available for utilization. NASA, the
GOJ and the other partners will work to establish standard interfaces
between the elements and the user-provided hardware and software.
8.2. Operations
8.2.a. It is the goal of the Parties to this MOU to operate the
Space Station in a manner that is safe, efficient and effective
for both Space Station users and Space Station operators. To
accomplish this, the MCB has established the SOP to coordinate
strategic-level operations activities and operations planning
activities as provided for in Article 8.1.c.
8.2.b. The SOP will comprise one member each from NASA, the GOJ
and the other partners. Members may send designated alternates
to SOP meetings. In addition, each partner may call upon relevant
expertise as necessary to support SOP activities. The SOP will
take decisions by consensus; in the event of failure to reach
consensus on any issue, the issue will be forwarded to the MCB
for resolution. In the interest of efficient management, NASA
and the GOJ recognize that the SOP should take the responsibility
routinely to resolve all operations issues as expeditiously as
possible rather than refer such issues to the MCB.
8.2.c. The SOP will develop, approve and maintain an Operations
Management Plan (OMP) for the operation, maintenance and refurbishment
of and logistics for the Space Station. This Plan will describe
relationships among the strategic, tactical and execution levels
of operations management, where the strategic level is coordinated
by the SOP; the tactical level, by the tactical operations organization
referred to in Article 8.2.e; and the execution level, by implementing
organizations and field centers. Consistent with the other provisions
of this Article, the OMP will also address operational requirements
for the Space Station flight elements and Space Station-unique
ground elements. The OMP will provide the procedures for preparation
of the baseline operations plans and logistics and maintenance
plans provided for in Articles 6.1.a.31 and 6.2.a.26, annual refinements
to these baseline plans, and the COP, described in Article 8.2.d,
including procedures for adjustment of these plans as further
information becomes available.
8.2.d. On an annual basis, NASA and the GOJ will each provide
to the SOP any significant refinements to their baseline operations
plans and logistics and maintenance plans five years in advance.
Using the operations and logistics and maintenance plans and
these refinements provided by all of the partners, including requirements
for use of Space Station-unique ground elements, the SOP will
develop and approve an annual COP consistent with the annual CUP,
described in Article 8.3.g.2. The COP will also identify the
housekeeping accommodations, housekeeping resources, launch and
return transportation services and data transmission capacity
required for maintenance of the Space Station in an operational
status. Compatibility of the COP and the CUP must be assured
through coordination between the SOP and the UOP, described in
Article 8.3.e, during the preparation and approval process.
8.2.e. NASA, with the participation of the GOJ and the other partners,
will be responsible for integrated tactical-level activities for
Space Station operations. To this end, NASA will establish an
integrated tactical operations organization and the other partners
will participate in discharging the responsibilities of this organization.
The integrated tactical-level activities for the detailed design
and development are controlled by the SSCB. NASA, the GOJ and
the other partners will assign experts on the elements each provides
to perform integrated tactical operations functions and to participate
in overall integrated tactical operations activities. NASA and
the GOJ will consult and agree regarding the procedures for support
of integrated tactical-level activities, the personnel, their
location and all administrative conditions related to the GOJ
personnel located in the United States and those related to NASA
personnel located in Japan. In conjunction with the integrated
activities, NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will each perform
distributed tactical-level activities related to the elements
and services each provides, such as decentralized system operations
support planning, user support planning, logistics planning, and
the accommodations assessments described in Article 8.3.i. Integrated
tactical-level activities will include planning for system operations,
user support activities across all Space Station elements, Earth-to-orbit
vehicle capabilities, data transmission and Earth-to-orbit vehicle
operations within the operational control zone. Tactical-level
activities for Earth-to-orbit vehicles separated from the Space
Station when outside the operational control zone of the Space
Station, as defined in the program documentation provided for
in Article 7, will be performed by the Earth-to-orbit vehicle
provider.
8.2.f. Multi-Increment Manifests for the Space Station will be
developed by the integrated tactical operations organization described
in Article 8.2.e to implement the COUP. These manifests will
implement launch and return transportation agreements documented
in the COUP and include vehicle access, assembly activities, logistics
and crew exchange. In addition to the COUP, the Multi-Increment
Manifests, Space Station assembly and operational requirements,
and payload integration documentation will be used to develop
the Increment Definition Requirements Document (IDRD). The IDRD
documents increment-specific plans and requirements, is controlled
by the integrated tactical operations organization and is baselined
two years prior to increment start. For periods up to the completion
of assembly and initial operational verification, the IDRD will
be controlled by the SSCB, as described in Article 7.1.d. Each
IDRD will describe the detailed manifest of user payloads, systems
support equipment and supplies needed to support the increment.
Each IDRD will also describe changes to the complement of hardware
and software to be flown during that increment and the payload
and system support activities needed to carry out the activities
approved in the COUP. The IDRD will list the crew complement
and define logistics requirements, including earth-to-orbit vehicle
interface requirements, changes to housekeeping resource requirements,
changes to housekeeping accommodation requirements, and communication
requirements, including communications systems use and requirements
for distribution of data, to support the subject increment. Earth-to-orbit
vehicle integration details regarding crew transportation, interface
requirements for station cargo planning, including pressurized
and unpressurized carriers, are contained in standard integration
documentation as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2 and defined by the integrated tactical operations organization.
8.2.g.1. NASA, with the participation of the GOJ and the other
partners, will be responsible for integrated execution-level planning
for and management of integrated command and control. NASA will
coordinate the execution of the overall integrated operation of
the Space Station. Performance of integrated execution-level
activities for the Space Station as a whole will be implemented
by the Space Station Control Center (SSCC) and the Mission Control
Center-Moscow (MCC-M) within the integrated Space Station command
and control concept: integrated command and control of the Space
Station during unmanned and manned periods of operation, including
crew rescue operations and management of trajectory (ballistics),
momentum, altitude and attitude of the Space Station. Each partner
will assign experts on the elements it provides to participate
in integrated execution-level activities, and to support real-time
on-orbit activities with emphasis on the elements it provides.
NASA and the GOJ will also consult and agree regarding the procedures
for support of integrated execution-level activities, the personnel,
their location, and administrative conditions related to these
personnel. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will be responsible
for execution of the day-to-day operations in accordance with
the integrated planning. The SSCC established and managed by
NASA, will provide integrated command and control of the Space
Station and will work in conjunction with the MCC-M established
and managed by RSA, which will also provide command and control
functions, including integrated command and control functions
for the Space Station as a whole as agreed between NASA and RSA.
8.2.g.2. In addition to supporting the integrated operations
as described above for system operations of the elements they
provide: NASA will also establish, within the SSCC, its element-unique
execution-level operations functions; RSA will also establish,
within the MCC-M, its element-unique execution-level operations
functions; and the other partners will establish element-unique
execution-level operations functions. NASA, the GOJ and the other
partners will consult and agree regarding the element-unique execution-level
operations functions to be performed by each partner to work in
conjunctions with the integrated execution-level functions.
8.2.g.3. The interaction between the element-unique execution-level
operations functions and the integrated SSCC and MCC-M functions
will be described in the OMP. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners
will provide engineering support to perform detailed engineering
assessments and real-time operations support required for the
operational control of the Space Station elements they provide.
Execution-level activities for Earth-to-orbit vehicles separated
from the Space Station flight elements when outside the operational
control zone of the Space Station flight elements, as defined
in the program documentation provided for in Article 7, will be
the responsibility of the Earth-to-orbit vehicle provider. Execution-level
activities for vehicles within the operational control zone will
be addressed through the integrated execution-level planning activities
described above.
8.3. Utilization
8.3.a. NASA, RSA and CSA will provide Space Station infrastructural elements to assemble, maintain, operate and service the Space Station; NASA, RSA and CSA will also provide resources derived from these infrastructural elements to other partners as provided in
Article 8.3.b. Any partner providing user accommodations will
retain the use of those accommodations, except for any allocations
to other partners, in compensation for their provision of resources,
based on those partners' contributions of infrastructural elements
and taking into account NASA's role in the overall program management,
systems engineering and integration. As applicable, accrued equivalent
user accommodation rights are accumulated by each partner first
in its own user accommodations. Consequently:
- NASA will retain the use of 97.7% of the user accommodations
on its laboratory modules, 97.7% of the use of its accommodation
sites for external payloads and will have the use of 46.7% of
the user accommodations on the European pressurized laboratory,
46.7% of the user accommodations on the JEM;
- RSA will retain the use of 100% of the user accommodations on
its laboratory modules and the use of 100% on its accommodation
sites for external payloads;
- The GOJ will retain the use of 51% of the user accommodations
on its JEM;
- ESA will retain the use of 51% of the user accommodations on
its European pressurized laboratory; and
- CSA will have the use of the equivalent of 2.3% of the Space
Station user accommodations provided by NASA, the GOJ and ESA.
Each partner will control the selection of users for its allocation
of user accommodations; such control will be exercised in accordance
with the procedures in this MOU, in the MOU between NASA and RSA,
in the MOU between NASA and ESA, and in the MOU between NASA and
CSA for developing the CUP.
8.3.b. Allocation of Resources. With the exception of crew time,
which is allocated as provided in Article 8.3.c, allocation of
Space Station resources among the partners will be in accordance
with the following approach. RSA will retain 100% of the housekeeping
and utilization resources which RSA provides, except as otherwise
provided in Article 6. Other than those resources provided to
RSA in accordance with Article 6, resources provided by NASA
and CSA infrastructural elements will be made available to NASA,
the GOJ, ESA and CSA. These resources, excluding those which
may be used without allocation as provided in Article 8.3.d, will
be allocated as follows: housekeeping resources as noted in
Article 8.1.d.1, and required by the elements provided by NASA,
the GOJ, ESA, and CSA, will be set aside. The remaining resources,
which are utilization resources, will be allocated as follows:
76.6% of utilization resources will be allocated to NASA; 12.8%
of utilization resources will be allocated to the GOJ; 8.3% of
utilization resources will be allocated to ESA, and 2.3% of utilization
resources will be allocated to CSA; the above allocation of utilization
resources is to the partner, not to the elements, and may be used
by the partner on any Space Station element consistent with the
COUP. Plans for use of partner allocations of Space Station resources
will be developed through integrated planning mechanisms as provided
elsewhere in this Article. More than this allocation of any utilization
resource may be gained by each partner through barter or purchase
from other partners.
8.3.c. Allocation of Crew Time
8.3.c.1. During the period of a three-person crew, crew time required
for assembly, verification and maintenance of the Space Station
in an operational status will be set aside. Any remaining crew
time will be allocated for utilization: 50% of the utilization
crew time will be allocated to NASA and 50% to RSA. The above
allocations will be adjusted through implementing arrangements
as allocations to the other partners for utilization crew time
begin. In accordance with such adjustments, 12.8% of the total
utilization crew time will be allocated to the GOJ.
8.3.c.2. Following outfitting of the NASA-provided Habitation
Module and initial operational verification of the NASA-provided
crew rescue vehicle that allows expansion of the crew complement
to seven, RSA will have the rights to on-orbit crew time of the
equivalent of three crew to perform systems operations for, and
utilization activities in or on, its elements. NASA, the GOJ,
ESA and CSA will share the rights to on-orbit crew time of the
equivalent of four crew to perform systems operations for, and
utilization activities in or on, their elements as follows: crew
time required for maintenance of the Space Station in an operational
status will be set aside; and any remaining crew time will be
allocated for utilization. Of this crew time remaining for utilization,
76.6% will be allocated to NASA; 12.8% to the GOJ; 8.3% to ESA;
and 2.3% to CSA.
8.3.c.3. Allocation of crew time to the partners is for the purpose
of ensuring equitable distribution of crew time for partner activities.
Planning and execution of crew activities will be integrated
in accordance with Article 11.6.
8.3.d. Space Station Resources, and Transportation and Communications
Services
8.3.d.1. Space Station utilization resources are power; user
servicing capacity, including services of the CSA-provided SPDM;
heat rejection capacity; data handling capacity, crew time; and
EVA capacity. The initial list of Space Station utilization resources
to be allocated is power and crew time. All other Space Station
utilization resources may be used without allocation. To support
the operation and full international utilization of the Space
Station as defined in Article 3, NASA, the GOJ, ESA and RSA will
provide launch and return transportation services as provided
in Article 12.1 and consistent with the integrated traffic planning
process. From the total Space Station user payload capacity available
on Space Station launch and return transportation flights actually
flown each year, each partner will have the right to obtain launch
and return transportation services, to support its Space Station
utilization plan, commensurate with its allocation of utilization
resources, either through its own provision of this capacity or
through purchase from any other partner providing such services.
NASA, the GOJ, ESA and RSA will correspondingly ensure, through
the planning mechanisms established in this Article and in Article
12, that all partners can exercise their right to obtain launch
and return transportation services to support their Space Station
utilization plans. It is anticipated that NASA, the GOJ, ESA
and RSA will exercise this right first through provision of their
own payload launch and return transportation capacity. (The foregoing
does not apply to launch and return transportation capacity provided
for the Space Station in connection with Space Station evolutionary
additions.) Similarly, the partners will have the right to obtain,
commensurate with their allocation of utilization resources, TDRSS
data transmission capacity provided by NASA, RSA Data Relay Satellite
data transmission capacity, and data transmission capacity provided
by other partners as applicable, and available for the Space Station
as provided in Article 12.2 and consistent with the COUP. The
UOP, defined in Article 8.3.e, will update the lists of utilization
resources and allocated utilization resources as necessary as
NASA and the other partners gain experience.
8.3.d.2. The GOJ's allocation of user accommodations and utilization
resources will begin once the JEM pressurized module is verified
following assembly to the Space Station and outfitted with International
Standard Payload Racks, as agreed between NASA and the GOJ.
8.3.e. It is the goal of the Parties to use the Space Station
in a safe, efficient and effective manner. To accomplish this,
the MCB has established a UOP, to assure the compatibility of
utilization activities of the Space Station. The UOP will comprise
one member each from NASA, the GOJ and the other partners. Members
may send designated alternates to UOP meetings. In addition,
each partner may call upon relevant expertise as necessary to
support UOP activities. The UOP will take decisions by consensus;
in the event of failure to reach consensus on any issue, the issue
will be forwarded to the MCB for resolution. In the interest
of efficient management, NASA and the GOJ recognize that the UOP
should take the responsibility to routinely resolve all utilization
issues as expeditiously as possible rather than refer such issues
to the MCB.
8.3.f. The UOP will develop, approve and maintain a Utilization
Management Plan (UMP) which will describe relationships among
the strategic, tactical and execution levels of utilization management,
where the strategic level is coordinated by the UOP; the tactical
level, by the integrated tactical operations organization described
in Article 8.2.e; and the execution level, by implementing organizations
and field centers. The UMP will also establish processes for
utilization of the Space Station elements, including the user
support centers and other Space Station-unique ground elements
provided by all the partners, consistent with Article 8.3.e; define
standard user integration support and standard user operations
support; and describe the approach to distributed user integration
and operations. The UMP will provide procedures for preparation
of the partners' Utilization Plans and CUP described in Article
8.3.g, including procedures for adjustment of these Plans as further
information becomes available.
8.3.g. Utilization Plan for the Space Station
8.3.g.1. On an annual basis, five years in advance, NASA, the
GOJ and the other partners each will develop a Utilization Plan
for all proposed uses of its allocation of Space Station user
accommodations and utilization resources, for the use of their
right to obtain launch and return transportation services and
data transmission capacity, and for all proposed uses of unallocated
Space Station utilization resources and Space Station-unique ground
elements. Each partner will satisfy the requirements of its users
for storage within the user accommodations available to that partner,
with the exception of temporary on-orbit storage in the logistics
carriers in which user equipment is launched or returned to Earth
as specified in the applicable IDRD. NASA, the GOJ and the other
partners each will prioritize and propose appropriate schedules
for the user activities in its Utilization Plan, including the
use of user support centers and other Space Station-unique ground
elements to support the utilization of the flight elements. These
individual Utilization Plans will take into consideration all
factors necessary to assure successful implementation of the user
activities, including any relevant information regarding crew
skills and special requirements associated with the proposed payloads.
8.3.g.2. NASA and the GOJ each will forward its Utilization Plan
to the UOP. Using the Utilization Plans of NASA, the GOJ and
the other partners, the UOP will develop the CUP, covering the
use of both flight and Space Station-unique ground elements, launch
and return transportation services and data transmission capacity,
based on all relevant factors, including each element-provider's
recommendations regarding resolution of technical and operational
incompatibilities among the users proposed for its elements.
In its use of the Space Station, each partner will seek, through
the mechanisms established in this MOU, to avoid causing serious
adverse effects on use of the Space Station by the other partners.
In the event of failure of the UOP to reach consensus on the
utilization of the Space Station flight elements and/or related
Space Station-unique ground elements, the issue will be forwarded
to the MCB for resolution.
8.3.g.3. Utilization Plans proposed by NASA, the GOJ and the
other partners which fall completely within their respective allocations
and do not conflict operationally or technically with one another's
Utilization Plans will be automatically approved. However, Articles
9.3.(a) and 9.3(b) of the Intergovernmental Agreement will apply.
8.3.g.4. In the event that it is necessary for the GOJ to transmit
a determination under Article 9.3.(a) or Article 9.3.(b) of the
Intergovernmental Agreement, such determination will be promptly
transmitted through diplomatic channels.
8.3.h. Each partner will participate in integrated tactical-level
planning of user activities. To this end, each partner will provide
personnel to the operations organization described in Article
8.2.e. These personnel will participate in integrated tactical-level
planning of user activities; they will also support the strategic-level
planning of user activities. NASA and the GOJ will consult and
agree regarding the responsibilities to be discharged by the GOJ
personnel. NASA and the GOJ will also consult and agree regarding
the number of the GOJ personnel and all administrative conditions
related to these personnel.
8.3.i. A partner providing accommodations elements will be responsible
for providing standard user integration support and standard user
operations support for use of its accommodations elements by users
of the other partners or the other partners as users. In the
case of such use, the partner sponsoring the user will be responsible
for performing integration of its payload on the ground. Such
integration will be to appropriate standard interface levels as
agreed among the affected partners. Accommodation assessments
for the integrated payload complements manifested in an accommodation
element covering engineering, operations and software compatibility
will also be performed by the partner providing that accommodation
element in support of the preparation and execution of the IDRDs.
Similarly, CSA will be responsible for providing standard user
integration support and standard user operations support for users
of the other partners or the other partners as users of the flight
elements provided by CSA. As required, NASA or RSA will be responsible
for providing standard user integration support and standard user
operations support for users of the other partners or other partners
as users of the Space Station systems or subsystems each provides.
8.3.j. NASA, the GOJ, ESA and CSA will participate in discharging
the responsibilities of the Payload Operations Integration Center
(POIC) established and managed by NASA which will be responsible
for the following integrated functions for the Space Station as
a whole: overall integration of the planning of user activities
on the Space Station, overall management and coordination of the
execution of user activities on the Space Station, and interaction
with the SSCC in order to coordinate user activities with systems
operations activities. NASA will also establish, within the POIC,
its element-unique payload operations integration functions.
Each of these partners will provide personnel to the POIC. These
personnel will bring expertise on the accommodations elements
and payloads that partner provides, will participate in integrated
POIC-based activities and will support real time on-orbit activities
with emphasis on the accommodations elements and payloads each
provides. NASA and the GOJ will consult and agree regarding the
responsibilities to be discharged by the GOJ personnel. NASA
and the GOJ will also consult and agree regarding the number of
the GOJ personnel and all administrative conditions related to
these personnel. The partners may also participate in and provide
personnel to other execution-level utilization activities at other
sites as agreed. RSA will participate in the above activities
as agreed in implementing arrangements. For operations integration
of all payloads in each of the accommodation elements they provide,
NASA, the GOJ, ESA and RSA will establish element-unique payload
operations integration functions to work in accordance with the
IDRD and in coordination with the POIC, as provided above. The
interaction between the integrated functions of the POIC, and
the SSCC will be documented in the OMP. NASA, the GOJ, ESA and
RSA will also provide user support centers to assist Space Station
users in planning and executing user activities on the Space Station.
The interaction between the element-unique payload operations
integration functions, the user support functions, and the integrated
functions of the POIC will be described in the UMP.
8.3.k. In working out problems which may arise after the development of the COUP, in the case of a technical or operational incompatibility between users, the partner(s) providing the element(s) in which the users have accommodations, as well as other impacted partners, will provide appropriate analyses and recommendations to the appropriate strategic-, tactical- or execution-level organization for resolution of conflicts. However, if such conflict only has impacts within a single Space Station element and only impacts users of the provider of that element, the partner providing that element will be responsible for resolving such conflicts in accordance with the content of the COUP.
8.3.l. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners may at any time barter
for, sell to one another or enter into other arrangements for
any portion of their Space Station allocations, and are free to
market the use of their allocations individually or collectively,
according to the procedures established in the UMP. The terms
and conditions of any barter or sale will be determined on a case-by-case
basis by the parties to the transaction. The partner providing
allocations will ensure that the obligations it has undertaken
under this MOU are met. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners
each may retain the revenues they derive from such marketing.
8.3.m. NASA and the GOJ will make their Space Station-unique
ground elements, including user support centers, available for
use by each other and the other partners in order to support fully
both the standard and special user integration support and user
operations support approved in the CUP and the requirements in
the COP. Any special user integration support or user operations
support provided by a partner to users of the other partners or
other partners as users will be provided on a reimbursable basis
at prices routinely charged comparable users for similar services.
8.4. In order to protect the intellectual property of Space Station
users, procedures covering all personnel, including Space Station
crew, who have access to data are developed by the MCB.
8.5. The partners will seek to outfit the laboratory modules
to equivalent levels by the end of Space Station detailed design
and development.
9.1. The Parties, and the other partners under the relevant MOU's,
will seek to minimize operations costs for the Space Station.
The Parties, and the other partners under the relevant MOUs,
will also seek to minimize the exchange of funds, for example,
through the performance of specific operations activities.
9.2. Element Operations Costs and Activities
9.2.a. NASA and the GOJ will each have operational responsibilities
for the elements it provides as detailed in Articles 6 and 8.
Such operational responsibilities mean that NASA and the GOJ
will each be responsible for element operations costs or activities,
that is, costs or activities attributed to operating and to sustaining
the functional performance of the flight elements that it provides,
such as ground-based maintenance, sustaining engineering, provision
of spares, launch and return of spares, launch and return costs
of the fraction of the logistics carriers provided for in Article
3 that is attributable to spares, and also activities attributed
to the maintenance and operation of element-unique ground centers.
9.3. Common System Operations Costs and Activities
9.3.a. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will equitably share
responsibilities for the common system operations costs or activities;
that is, costs or activities attributed to the operation of the
Space Station as a whole. Common system operations costs and
activities will not include the element operations costs and activities
described in Article 9.2 nor the user operations costs and activities
described in Article 9.6. RSA will be responsible for the share
of the common system operations costs or activities corresponding
to the operation of the elements it provides. NASA, the GOJ,
ESA and CSA collectively will be responsible for the share of
common system operations costs or activities corresponding to
the support of the operation of elements they collectively provide
using the following approach: each will be responsible for a
percentage of common system operations costs or activities equal
to the percentage of Space Station utilization resources allocated
to it in Article 8.3.b. The categories comprising common system
operations are: integrated tactical planning activities performed
by the integrated tactical operations organization provided for
in Article 8.2.e, including user integration planning and maintenance
of common documentation; space systems operations (operations
and maintenance of integrated SSCC and MCC-M functions, and common
elements of software integration, test and verification capability);
operations and maintenance of integrated POIC functions; integrated
logistics management including resupply, onboard maintenance and
inventory integration; prelaunch/postlanding processing of logistics
carriers; and launch to orbit and return of consumables, crew
and crew logistics, and launch and return of the fraction of the
logistics carriers provided for in Article 3 that is attributable
to consumables and crew logistics. Any changes to the list of
categories comprising common system operations in this Article
will be made by the SOP. The GOJ's sharing of common system operations
responsibilities will begin once the JEM pressurized module is
verified following assembly to the Space Station and outfitted
with International Standard Payload Racks as agreed between NASA
and the GOJ.
9.3.b. The GOJ will perform common system operations activities
for the benefit of NASA and the other partners, and NASA will
perform, or arrange for other partners to perform common system
operations activities for the benefit of the GOJ and the other
partners in accordance with Articles 6 and 8. Compensation for
performance of these activities is as agreed in implementing arrangements.
NASA, ESA, CSA and RSA will perform common system operations
activities as specified in the MOU between NASA and ESA, the MOU
between NASA and CSA, and the MOU between NASA and RSA.
9.3.c. In accordance with the MOU between NASA and RSA, full
satisfaction of the RSA share of common system operations responsibilities,
through performance of common system operations and other activities,
is as agreed in implementing arrangements. In addition to RSA's
activities referred to above, RSA will perform common system operations,
contributing to the support of the operation of elements NASA,
the GOJ, ESA and CSA collectively provide. NASA, the GOJ, ESA
and CSA will work together, in accordance with Article 9.4, to
identify and quantify such activities and to account for them
in the contents of the common system operations activities and
costs.
9.4. The SOP will develop detailed procedures for the implementation
of this Article, including to identify the detailed contents to
be included in each category comprising common system operations
and to estimate, based on agreed assumptions, a not-to-exceed
figure for common system operations activities and costs to be
approved by the MCB. The partners will also, each year, report
to the SOP on their forecasts for future years for the common
system operations activities and costs and on their identified
actual annual common system operations activities and costs.
The SOP, in consultation with the UOP, will work to contain the
common system operations activities and costs within the estimated
not-to-exceed figure approved by the MCB and to this end will
recommend to the MCB corrective measures in the COUP whenever
it appears that the annual forecasted costs may exceed this figure.
In such cases, the MCB will either approve the SOP's recommendations
or take other measures, including reevaluation and adjustment
of the not-to-exceed figure. If possible, after the partners
have gained experience in the operation of the Space Station the
SOP will endeavor to establish fixed values for the annual common
system operations activities and costs. RSA will participate
in the process as appropriate.
9.5. Offsets
9.5.a. Any partner may, as agreed with NASA, in consultation with
the other partners, perform common system operations or other
activities to offset its responsibility for common system operations
costs. NASA will establish with this partner, and any affected
partners, implementing arrangements on the contents and scope
of the common system operations activities and on any other activities
to be performed by this partner to offset its responsibility for
common system operations costs.
9.5.b. The provision by the GOJ of personnel to undertake integrated
tactical- and execution-level activities as provided for in Articles
8.2.e, 8.2.g, 8.3.h, and 8.3.i, will be a contribution towards
the satisfaction of the GOJ's common system operations responsibilities.
The GOJ may also provide launch and return transportation as
provided for in Article 9.5.a, as contributions towards the satisfaction
of the GOJ's common system operations responsibilities.
9.6. Cost of User Activities
9.6.a. Costs of user activities such as payload/experiment design,
development, test and evaluation (DDT&E); payload ground processing;
provision of payload/experiments, spares and associated equipment;
transmission and handling of user data; launch and return of payloads/experiments,
spares and associated equipment; launch and return of the fraction
of the logistics carriers provided for in Article 3 that is attributable
to user payloads/experiments, spares and associated equipment;
and any special user integration or user operations support, including
specialized crew training, will be the responsibility of Space
Station users of the partners or of individual partners as users.
Such costs will not be shared among NASA, the GOJ and the other
partners. In addition, the DDT&E and operations costs of
the users' support centers will not be shared among NASA, the
GOJ and the other partners.
9.7. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will not recoup their
DDT&E costs for their elements from one another in the operation
and utilization of the Space Station.
9.8. In case of failure of any partner to perform its operations
responsibilities, as provided in Article 9.2, or to provide for
its share of common system operations responsibilities, as provided
in Article 9.5, the partners will meet to discuss what action
should be taken. Such action could result in, for example, an
appropriate reduction of the failing partner's rights to its allocations.
10.1. In order to assure safety, NASA has the responsibility,
working with the GOJ and the other partners, to establish overall
Space Station safety requirements and plans covering Space Station
detailed design and development activities and mature operations
and utilization. Development of further safety requirements
and plans and changes to safety requirements and plans will be
processed, according to the procedures in Articles 7 and 8.
10.2. Each partner will develop detailed safety requirements and
plans, using its own requirements, for its Space Station hardware
and software. Such requirements and plans must meet or exceed
the overall Space Station safety requirements and plans established
by NASA working with the GOJ and the other partners. Each partner
will have the responsibility to implement applicable overall and
detailed Space Station safety requirements and plans throughout
the lifetime of the program, and to certify that such safety requirements
and plans have been met with respect to the elements and payloads
it provides. NASA will have the overall responsibility to certify
that the Space Station as a whole and its elements and payloads
are safe.
10.3. NASA will conduct overall integrated system safety reviews
for Space Station elements, launch package stage, and payloads
which the GOJ will support. Upon request by NASA, the GOJ will
provide information regarding an action it has taken in connection
with the disposition of a safety hazard. NASA, the GOJ and the
other partners will also conduct safety reviews of the elements
and payloads they provide; NASA will participate in and support
such reviews by the other partners. Each partner will also participate
in and support safety reviews by the other partners as appropriate
related to the elements and payloads that partner provides.
Partner support to such safety reviews will include the provision
of necessary safety-related information to enable the other partners
to conduct their reviews. The partners will participate as
appropriate in any Space Station safety review boards managed
by NASA.
10.4. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will establish contingency
procedures for on-orbit emergencies to protect the safety of the
Space Station and its crew. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners
will also establish a process for consultations in the event of
on-orbit emergencies for which contingency procedures do not exist.
If this consultation process cannot be followed within the time
required, due to the nature of the emergency, or if consensus
cannot be reached within the time required, NASA will have the
responsibility for making decisions necessary to protect the safety
of the Space Station and its crew, following procedures agreed
in advance for implementation of such decisions. Upon request
by an affected partner, NASA will provide information regarding
an action that it has taken in connection with this responsibility.
11.1. Each partner has the right to provide personnel to serve
as Space Station crew from the time the partner begins to share
common system operations responsibilities. During the period
of a three-person crew, NASA and RSA will be allocated 50% of
the three crew flight opportunities. The above allocations will
be adjusted as allocations to the other partners for crew flight
opportunities begin, while maintaining equal shares for NASA and
RSA. In accordance with such adjustments, 12.8% of the three
crew flight opportunities will be allocated to the GOJ. During
Assembly, flight opportunities for NASA and RSA Space Station
crew will be satisfied over time and not necessarily on each specific
crew rotation cycle; however, in the event of adjustments, each
crew complement will have at least one representative from NASA
and one from RSA. Following outfitting of the NASA-provided Habitation
Module and initial operational verification of the NASA-provided
crew rescue vehicle, when the Space Station has a crew of seven,
RSA will be allocated three crew flight opportunities. The remaining
four crew flight opportunities will be allocated to NASA, the
GOJ, ESA and CSA commensurate with utilization resource allocations
specified in Article 8.3.b and will be satisfied over time, not
necessarily on each specific crew rotation cycle. The SOP will
annually or as required by any partner, review the implementation
of this paragraph and provide its conclusions to the MCB.
11.2. During assembly and verification, a fully trained GOJ crew
member will participate in on-orbit assembly and system verification
of the JEM and other assigned flight element assembly and system
verification tasks planned during that on-orbit period as agreed
with NASA and as provided in the verification plan described in
Articles 6. NASA takes note of the GOJ's request for assignment,
subject to applicable crew assignment procedures, of the GOJ crew
as members of each JEM assembly flight and Space Shuttle crew
visiting the Space Station for the purposes of utilization and
operations.
11.3. The MCB will establish a Multilateral Crew Operations Panel
(MCOP), which will be the primary forum for the top-level coordination
and resolution of Space Station crew matters which affect all
partners including the processes, standards and criteria for selection,
certification, assignment and training of Space Station crew.
The MCB will develop an MCOP Charter that defines the specific
responsibilities of this Panel. Any modifications to this Charter
will be approved by the MCB. The MCOP will have a rotating chairmanship
and all decisions taken will be by consensus. The partners will
propose to the MCOP their candidates for Space Station crew based
on mission requirements and allocated flight opportunities. If
the MCOP determines the candidates meet the Space Station crew
standards and criteria, the candidates will be assigned to specific
crew complements, subject to approval in accordance with the partners'
internal agency procedures. Following assignment to a crew, the
entire crew will begin increment-specific training in order to
acquire skills necessary to conduct Space Station operations and
utilization. One or more specific crew complements can be trained
as a team in preparation for a specific crew rotation cycle according
to the agreed curriculum and specific mission requirements. The
MCOP will determine the readiness of the crew for flight based
on the results of a review of the crew's medical condition and
the crew's performance during training.
11.4. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will establish a Multilateral
Medical Policy Board (MMPB) to provide coordination and oversight
of crew health issues. NASA and the GOJ will each provide a single
point of contact for medical support who will have full responsibility
on behalf of its respective agency to resolve issues related to
the development of a common system for medical support. The MMPB
will be supported by a Multilateral Space Medicine Board (MSMB)
and by a Multilateral Medical Operations Panel (MMOP), established
by NASA and the GOJ with the other partners, which will be the
primary working level groups for coordination of crew health matters
including clinical care, medical standards, preventative medicine
(including operational countermeasures) and environmental monitoring.
The MMOP and the MSMB will operate on the principle of consensus.
The MMOP will develop medical standards, certification criteria,
pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight medical care requirements,
medical hardware responsibilities, and operational procedures
and recommend them to the MSMB for approval. The MSMB will present
its decisions and findings to the MMPB and MCOP, as appropriate,
for review and concurrence. NASA, the GOJ, and the other partners
will be responsible for medical certification of their respective
crew member in accordance with agreed standards, and will present
the appropriate documentation to the MSMB for approval. The MSMB
will have responsibility for final medical certification of crew
and for oversight of the implementation of medical operations.
11.5. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners will establish a Human
Research Multilateral Review Board (HRMRB). This Board will have
the responsibility for assuring that human research protocols
do not endanger the health, safety, and well-being of human research
subjects on the Space Station, while ensuring ethical conduct
of experiment operations. The HRMRB will review and approve,
prior to their implementation, human research protocols for the
Space Station proposed by the partners. The HRMRB will operate
on the principle of consensus.
11.6. The Space Station crew will operate as one integrated team
with one Commander. Consistent with the principle of integrated
crew, the entire crew will operate under a single timeline for
performance of all operations and utilization activities. The
crew Commander will be responsible for the mission program implementation
and crew safety assurance aboard the Space Station. Specific
details concerning this integrated crew concept will be agreed
by the MCOP.
11.7. NASA will be financially responsible for all compensation,
medical expenses, subsistence costs on Earth, and training for
Space Station crew which it provides. The GOJ will be financially
responsible for all compensation, medical expenses, subsistence
costs on Earth, and training for Space Station crew which is provides.
NASA and the GOJ each agree to waive fees for Space Station-related
training for the other's Space Station crew. Specifically, the
GOJ will not be charged Space Station-related training costs for
its Space Station crew training at NASA or NASA contractor facilities,
and NASA will not be charged Space Station-related training costs
for its Space Station crew training in the GOJ or the GOJ contractor
facilities. This waiver of fees will also apply to any Space
Station crew training at NASA or NASA contractor facilities or
at the GOJ or the GOJ contractor facilities for all other partners'
Space Station crew. Space Station crew training will be defined
by the MCOP. Such training includes instruction, training materials
and equipment, access to all necessary facilities (including travel
among NASA and NASA contractor facilities and travel among the
GOJ and the GOJ contractor facilities) and all costs for activities
in the agreed Space Station training plan and curriculum that
will be used for training following certification of Space Station
crew pursuant to Article 11.3. Agreed training for all assigned
duties will be required.
11.8. The Space Station Code of Conduct will be developed by the
partners and submitted to the MCB for approval. Each partner
must have approved the Space Station Code of Conduct before it
provides Space Station crew. The Space Station Code of Conduct
will, inter alia: establish a clear chain of command on-orbit;
clear relationship between ground and on-orbit management; and
management hierarchy; set forth standards for work and activities
in space, and, as appropriate, on the ground; establish responsibilities
with respect to elements and equipment; set forth disciplinary
regulations; establish physical and information security guidelines;
and provide the Space Station Commander appropriate authority
and responsibility, on behalf of all the partners, to enforce
safety procedures, physical and information security procedures
and crew rescue procedures in or on the Space Station.
12.1. Transportation
12.1.a. Launch and return transportation services for the Space
Station will be provided by the following government and private
sector space transportation systems:
- the U.S. Space Shuttle;
- the Russian Proton, and Soyuz-type launch vehicles and the Progress
M- and Soyuz TM-type vehicles;
- the European Ariane-5 launch vehicle and the associated orbital
transfer vehicle; and
- the Japanese H-II launch vehicle and the associated orbital
transfer vehicle.
12.1.b. The partners will also have the right of access to the
Space Station for launch and return transportation services using
other government or private sector space transportation systems
of partners. Potential future partner space transportation systems
include:
- the European vehicle for crew and cargo delivery and return;
and
- the Japanese Space Transportation System for Space Station launch
and return transportation services.
12.1.c. Recognizing that the responsibility for developing space
transportation systems and for making them technically and operationally
compatible with the Space Station rests with the providing partner,
the appropriate partners will exchange that information necessary
to support such compatibility. Technical, operational and safety
requirements for access to the Space Station will be controlled
in appropriate program documentation as provided for in Articles
7 and 8.
12.1.d. Provision of launch and return transportation services
to the Space Station will be in accordance with the integrated
traffic planning, management mechanisms, and documentation provided
for in Articles 7 and 8 and in accordance with Article 9. NASA,
the GOJ and the other partners providing Space Station launch
and return services will each develop a partner transportation
model, for their transportation systems. The partners' transportation
models will be combined into a single integrated launch and return
transportation model for the Space Station program. This integrated
launch and return transportation capability to be provided by
the partners providing launch and return transportation services
will be the basis for the integrated traffic planning process
supporting development of the COUP, which will specify launch
and return vehicles, their capabilities, allocation of launch
and return transportation services to the partners and the relevant
schedules.
12.1.e. Except as otherwise agreed, each partner provides or arranges
with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the provision
of launch and return transportation services for the flight elements
it provides including assembly and logistics requirements. With
regard to utilization activities, each partner provides or arranges
with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the provision
of launch and return transportation services in connection with
its Space Station users. The right to obtain launch and return
transportation services for Space Station utilization activities
is as provided in Article 8.3.d. Reimbursement for such services
may be in cash, or agreed kind. All reimbursable transportation
services will be provided under launch services agreements.
12.1.f. NASA will provide reimbursable Space Shuttle launch and
return transportation services to the GOJ in connection with the
assembly of the GOJ-provided JEM to the Space Station and its
initial outfitting in accordance with the program documentation
described in Article 7.2. Consistent with Article 16.4, the GOJ
reimbursement for these services will be made through the provision
of goods and services as described in Article 6.3 and as set forth
in implementing arrangements.
12.1.g. NASA will provide reimbursable Space Shuttle launch and
return transportation services to ESA in connection with the assembly
of the ESA-provided European pressurized laboratory to the Space
Station and its initial outfitting in accordance with the program
documentation described in Article 7.2.
12.1.h. NASA will be responsible for standard Space Shuttle launch
and return transportation services in connection with the assembly
of the CSA-provided flight elements to the Space Station (CSA
will be responsible for any optional Space Shuttle launch services
required in connection with the assembly of the CSA-provided flight
elements to the Space Station).
12.1.i. Partners which provide launch and return transportation
services in connection with Space Station common systems operations
will do so in accordance with Article 9.
12.1.j. Each partner will use its best efforts to accommodate
additional launch and return transportation service requirements
in relation to the Space Station, as well as proposed requirements
and flight schedules related to the Space Station activities described
above.
12.1.k. Each partner will respect the proprietary rights in,
and confidentiality of, appropriately marked data and goods to
be transported on its launch and return transportation system.
12.2. Communications
Space Station communications will involve space-to-ground, ground-to-space,
ground-to-ground and space-to-space data transmission.
12.2.a. NASA will provide the TDRSS space and ground communications
network for command, control and operations of Space Station elements
and payloads, as provided for in Article 8.2.g, and other Space
Station communications purposes.
12.2.b. RSA will provide the RSA Data Relay Satellite system space
and ground network for command, control and operations of Space
Station elements and payloads, as provided for in Article 8.2.g,
and other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.c. ESA may provide the EDRS space and ground network for
complementary communications support for command, control and
operations of the European pressurized laboratory and payloads,
and other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.d. The GOJ may provide the GOJ data relay satellite system
space and ground network for complementary communications support
for command, control and operations of the JEM and payloads, and
other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.e. Recognizing that the responsibility for developing the
above systems and for making them technically and operationally
compatible with the Space Station and with Space Station use of
TDRSS and the RSA Data Relay Satellite system rests with the providing
partner, NASA or RSA will provide information necessary to support
such compatibility. Other communications systems may be used
on the Space Station by the partners or Space Station users if
such communications systems are compatible with the Space Station
and with the Space Station use of TDRSS and the RSA Data Relay
Satellite system. Technical, operational, regulatory and security
requirements related to Space Station communications will be controlled
by appropriate program management mechanisms and in documentation
as provided for in Articles 7 and 8. Unless otherwise agreed
with NASA or NASA and RSA, end-to-end transmission of data throughout
the Space Station communications system will be compatible with
the communications transportation formats, protocols and standards
agreed to by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
(CCSDS).
12.2.f. Provision of Space Station communications will be in accordance
with the management mechanisms and documentation provided for
in Articles 7 and 8 and documented in the COUP.
12.2.g. With regard to utilization activities, each partner provides
or arranges with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the
provision of communications services in connection with its Space
Station users. Reimbursement for such services may be in cash,
or agreed kind. All reimbursable communications services will
be provided under communications services agreements. The right
to obtain TDRSS, RSA Data Relay Satellite system and data transmission
capacity and data transmission capacity provided by other partners
as applicable for Space Station utilization activities, is as
provided in Article 8.3.d. The partners will use their best efforts
to accommodate, with their respective communications systems,
each other's specific Space Station-related requirements.
12.2.h. Partners and users of the partners may implement measures
to ensure confidentiality of their utilization and housekeeping
data passing through the communication systems being used in connection
with the Space Station. (Notwithstanding the foregoing, data which
are necessary to assure safe operations will be made available
according to procedures in the Operation Management Plan and the
Utilization Management Plan and their use will be restricted to
safety purposes only.) Each partner will respect the proprietary
rights in, and the confidentiality of, the utilization and housekeeping
data passing through its communication systems, including its
ground network and the communications systems of its contractors,
when providing communication services to another partner. Each
partner will respect the confidentiality of personnel and medical
data passing through its communications systems, including its
ground network and the communications systems of its contractors,
when providing communications services to another partner.
12.2.i. The partners will each assure that their Space Station
information resources, such as computer systems and data transmission
systems, are provided a level of security and integrity consistent
with potential harm from their loss, inaccuracy, alteration, unavailability,
or misuse. The level of security and integrity referred to above
is defined through the management mechanisms and controlled in
the documentation provided for in Articles 7 and 8.
12.3. Other Non-Space Station Facilities
12.3.a. Should the GOJ desire to use the Space Shuttle or other
NASA facilities on a cooperative or reimbursable basis to support
the development of its Space Station Utilization Plan or to support
its Space Station detailed design or development activities, NASA
will use its best efforts to accommodate the GOJ's proposed requirements
and schedules. Likewise, should NASA desire to use the GOJ launch
vehicles or other the GOJ facilities on a cooperative or reimbursable
basis to support the development of its Space Station Utilization
Plan or to support its Space Station detailed design or development
activities, the GOJ will use its best efforts to accommodate NASA's
proposed requirements and schedules.
12.3.b. If NASA and the GOJ agree that it is appropriate and necessary
for the conduct of the cooperative program, NASA and the GOJ will
use their good offices in connection with attempting to arrange
for the use of US and the GOJ's or contractor's facilities by
the Parties and/or their contractors. Such use will be subject
to separate arrangements between the user and the owner of the
facilities.
13.l. NASA and the GOJ each are conducting Space Station advanced
development programs in support of their respective detailed design
and development activities. Cooperation in such advanced development
activities will be considered on a case-by-case basis and entered
into where it is advantageous to both sides and where there are
reciprocal opportunities.
l3.2. The GOJ proposals to use NASA advanced development test
beds or other NASA facilities in support of the GOJ's Space Station
advanced development program will be considered on a case-by-case
basis either on a cooperative or reimbursable basis. Likewise,
NASA proposals to use the GOJ's facilities in support of NASA's
Space Station advanced development program will be considered
on a case-by-case basis either on a cooperative or reimbursable
basis.
l3.3. Should the GOJ desire to use the Space Shuttle on a cooperative
or reimbursable basis to support the GOJ Space Station advanced
development activities, NASA will use its best efforts to accommodate
the GOJ's proposed requirements and flight schedules. Likewise,
should NASA desire to use the GOJ launch vehicles on a cooperative
or reimbursable basis to support NASA Space Station advanced development
activities, the GOJ will use its best efforts to accommodate NASA's
proposed requirements and flight schedules.
14.1. NASA, the GOJ and the other partners intend that the Space
Station will evolve through the addition of capability and will
strive to maximize the likelihood that such evolution will be
effected through contributions from all the partners. To this
end, it will be the object of the Parties to provide, where appropriate,
the opportunity to the other partners to cooperate in their respective
proposals for additions of evolutionary capability. The Space
Station together with its additions of evolutionary capability
will remain a civil station, and its operation and utilization
will be for peaceful purposes, in accordance with international
law.
14.2. This MOU sets forth rights and obligations concerning only the elements listed in
Article 3, except that this Article and Article 16 of the Intergovernmental
Agreement will apply to any additions of evolutionary capability.
As such, this MOU does not commit either Party to participate
in, or grant either Party rights in, the addition of evolutionary
capability.
14.3. NASA and the GOJ will study evolution concepts for the Space
Station during detailed design and development and mature operations
and utilization. NASA will be responsible for development of
overall Space Station evolution concepts, in consultation with
the GOJ and the other partners, and for integrating the GOJ's
and the other partners' evolution concepts into an overall Space
Station evolution plan.
14.4. NASA, the GOJ, and the other partners will participate in
an International Evolution Working Group (IEWG) to coordinate
their respective evolution studies and to consider overall Space
Station evolution concepts and planning activities.
14.5. The MCB will review specific evolutionary capabilities proposed
by any partner, assess the impacts of those plans on the other
partners' elements and on the Space Station, and review recommendations
for minimizing potential impacts on Space Station activity during
the addition of evolutionary capabilities.
14.6. Following the review and assessment provided for in Article
14.5, cooperation between or among partners regarding the sharing
of addition(s) of evolutionary capability will require, either
the amendment of the MOU between NASA and ESA, the MOU between
NASA and the GOJ, the MOU between NASA and CSA and/or the MOU
between NASA and RSA, or a separate agreement to which NASA, to
ensure that any addition is consistent with the overall program,
and any other partner providing a Space Station element or space
transportation system on which there is an operational or technical
impact, will be a party.
14.7. Following the review and assessment provided for in Article
14.5, the addition of evolutionary capability by one partner shall
require prior notification of the other partners and an agreement
with NASA, to ensure that any addition is consistent with the
overall program, and with any other partner providing a Space
Station element or space transportation system on which there
is an operational or technical impact.
14.8. The addition of evolutionary capability will in no event
alter the rights and obligations of either Party to this MOU concerning
the elements listed in Article 3, unless otherwise agreed by the
affected Party.
The Parties note that, with respect to the cross-waiver of liability,
exchange of data and goods, treatment of data and goods in transit,
customs and immigration, intellectual property and criminal jurisdiction,
the relevant provisions of the Intergovernmental Agreement apply.
16.1. Each Party will bear the costs of fulfilling its responsibilities,
including but not limited to costs of compensation, travel and
subsistence of its own personnel and transportation of all equipment
and other items for which it is responsible under this MOU. However,
as provided in Article 9, the partners will equitably share common
system operations responsibilities.
16.2. The ability of each Party to carry out its obligations is
subject to its funding procedures and the availability of appropriated
funds.
16.3. In the event that funding problems arise that may affect
a partner's ability to fulfill its responsibilities under this
MOU, that partner will promptly notify and consult with the other
partners.
16.4. The Parties will seek to minimize the exchange of funds
while carrying out their respective responsibilities in this cooperative
program, including, if they agree, through the use of barter,
that is, the provision of goods or services.
17.l. NASA and the GOJ will be responsible for the development
of an agreed Public Affairs Plan that will specify guidelines
for NASA/GOJ cooperative public affairs activities during the
detailed design, development, operation and utilization of the
Space Station.
17.2. Within the Public Affairs Plan guidelines, both NASA and
the GOJ will retain the right to release public information on
their respective portions of the program. NASA and the GOJ will
undertake to coordinate with each other, and, as appropriate,
with the other partners, in advance concerning public information
activities which relate to each other's responsibilities or performance
in the Space Station program.
18.1. The Parties agree to consult with each other and with the
other partners promptly when events occur or issues arise which
may occasion a question of implementation of the terms of this
MOU.
18.2. In the case of a question of implementation of this MOU,
such question will be first referred for settlement to officials
designated, respectively, by the NASA Administrator and the Japanese
Minister of State for Science and Technology. The Parties recognize
that in the case of a question which requires consideration by
another partner, the consultations will be broadened so as to
include appropriate officials designated, respectively, by the
Director General of ESA, the President of CSA, and/or the RSA
General Director.
18.3. Any question of implementation of the terms of this MOU
which has not been settled in accordance with Article 18.2 will
be referred for settlement to the NASA Administrator and the Japanese
Minister of State for Science and Technology. The Parties recognize
that in case of a question which requires consideration by another
partner the matter will also be referred to the Director General
of ESA, the President of CSA, and/or the RSA General Director.
18.4. Any issues arising out of this MOU not satisfactorily settled
through consultation pursuant to this Article may be pursued in
accordance with Article 23 of the Intergovernmental Agreement.
18.5. Unless otherwise agreed between NASA and the GOJ, implementation
of decisions made pursuant to mechanisms provided for in this
MOU will not be held in abeyance pending settlement of issues
under this Article.
19.1. This MOU will enter into force after signature of both
the NASA Administrator or his designee and the Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of Japan, upon written notification by each
Party to the other that all procedures necessary for its entry
into force have been completed, provided that the Intergovernmental
Agreement has entered into force.
19.3. If the United States or Japan gives notice of withdrawal
from the Intergovernmental Agreement in accordance with Article
28 of that Agreement, NASA or the GOJ will be deemed to have withdrawn
from this MOU effective from the same date.
This MOU may be amended at any time by written agreement of the
Parties. Any amendment must be consistent with the Intergovernmental
Agreement. To the extent that a provision of this MOU reflects
specific rights or obligations accepted by another partner under
other MOUs with NASA, that provision may be amended only with
the written consent of that partner.
The working language for all activities under this MOU will be
the English language and all data and information generated or
provided under this MOU will be in the English language. The
foregoing principle does not preclude the use of another language
when such use is accepted, in specific instances, as agreed by
the Parties.
22.1. Upon the request of either Party, the Parties will meet
for the purpose of reviewing and promoting cooperation in the
Space Station.
22.2. In the process of this review, the Parties may consider
amendments to this MOU.
Done at Washington, this 24th day of February, 1998,
in two originals in the English and Japanese languages, each text
being equally authentic.
For the National Aeronautics For the Government of Japan:
and Space Administration
of the United States of America:
Prep: I/lcline:rev:1/25/98; rev. 1/30/98; Kfeldstein rev. 2/17/98; rev. 2/23/98
doc. # 77236, DMS version 2