Fei, Leing, ed. 1999. Atlas of Amphibians of China. Chengdu Institute of Biology.

Information below is from the Global Amphibian Assessment website, made available here by kind permission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Conservation International and NatureServe.

Geographic Range Range Comments: This species is known from northwestern Nepal, and southeastern Qinghai, the eastern and southern part of Xizang, southern Gansu and northwestern Sichuan provinces in western China. It is likely to occur in Bhutan and India, but there are not so far any records. It is found at high elevations of 2,200-5,100m asl. Biogeographic Realm(s): Indomalayan, Palearctic Distribution Status: Native China; Nepal Native (Possibly Present) Bhutan; India Population This is a very common species. Habitat and Ecology It is an alpine species associated with the headwaters of streams, stream banks and the edges of glacial lakes in grassland habitats. It breeds in streams. Information on the development of the tadpoles is given by Song and Huang (1990). Biomes: Terrestrial, Freshwater Habitats: (See complete standardized list of habitats) Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) Wetlands (inland) - Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) Major Threats The major threats to this species are the diversion of water from breeding streams for agricultural use, and the pollution of waterways and the surrounding land by agrochemicals. Overgrazing might also be a threat in parts of its range. Specific Threat (See complete standardized list of threats) Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced)    1.1 Agriculture      1.1.4 Livestock        1.1.4.2 Small-holder    1.3 Extraction      1.3.7 Other 6 Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species)    6.2 Land pollution      6.2.1 Agriculture    6.3 Water pollution      6.3.1 Agriculture

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