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The Court of Justice of the European Communities > The Members              

Vassilios Skouris
Born 1948; graduated in law from the Free University, Berlin (1970); awarded doctorate in constitutional and administrative law at Hamburg University (1973); Assistant Professor at Hamburg University (1972-77); Professor of Public Law at Bielefeld University (1978); Professor of Public Law at the University of Thessaloniki (1982); Minister of Internal Affairs (1989 and 1996); Member of the Administrative Board of the University of Crete (1983-87); Director of the Centre for International and European Economic Law, Thessaloniki (from 1997); President of the Greek Association for European Law (1992-94); Member of the Greek National Research Committee (1993-95); Member of the Higher Selection Board for Greek Civil Servants (1994-96); Member of the Academic Council of the Academy of European Law, Trier (from 1995); Member of the Administrative Board of the Greek National Judges' College (1995-96); Member of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1997-99); President of the Greek Economic and Social Council in 1998; Judge at the Court of Justice since 8 June 1999; President of the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Jean-Pierre Puissochet
Born 1936; State Counsellor (France); Director, subsequently Director-General, of the Legal Service of the Council of the European Communities (1968-73); Director-General of the Agence nationale pour l'emploi (1973-75); Director of General Administration, Ministry of Industry (1977-79); Director of Legal Affairs of the OECD (1979-85); Director of the Institut international d'administration publique (1985-87); Jurisconsult, Director of Legal Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1987-94); Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 1994.
Philippe Léger
Born 1938; A member of the judiciary serving at the Ministry for Justice (1966-70); Head of, and subsequently Technical Adviser at, the Private Office of the Minister for Living Standards in 1976; Technical Adviser at the Private Office of the Garde des Sceaux (1976-78); Deputy Director of Criminal Affairs and Reprieves at the Ministry of Justice (1978-83); Senior Member of the Court of Appeal, Paris (1983-86); Deputy Director of the Private Office of theMinister for Justice, Minister for Justice (1986); President of the Regional Court at Bobigny (1986-93); Head of the Private Office of the Minister for Justice, and Advocate General at the Court of Appeal, Paris (1993-94); Associate Professor at René Descartes University (Paris V) (1988-93); Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 1994.
Peter Jann
Born 1935; Doctor of Law of the University of Vienna (1957); appointed Judge and assigned to the Federal Ministry of Justice (1961); Judge in press matters at the Straf-Bezirksgericht, Vienna (1963-66); spokesman of the Federal Ministry of Justice (1966-70) and subsequently appointed to the international affairs department of that Ministry; Adviser to the Justice Committee and spokesman at the Parliament (1973-78); appointed as Member of the Constitutional Court (1978); permanent Judge-Rapporteur at that court until the end of 1994; Judge at the Court of Justice since 19 January 1995.
Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer
Born 1949; Judge at the Consejo General del Poder Judicial (General Council of the Judiciary); Professor; Head of the Private Office of the President of the Consejo General del Poder Judicial; ad hoc Judge to the European Court of Human Rights; Judge at the Tribunal Supremo (Supreme Court) from 1996; Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 19 January 1995.
Romain Schintgen
Born 1939; General Administrator at the Ministry of Labour; President of the Economic and Social Council; Director of the Société nationale de crédit et d'investissement and of the Société européenne des satellites; Government Representative on the European Social Fund Committee, the Advisory Committee on Freedom of Movement for Workers and the Administrative Board of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 11 July 1996; Judge at the Court of Justice since 12 July 1996.
Ninon Colneric
Born 1948; studied in Tübingen, Munich and Geneva; following a period of academic research in London, awarded a doctorate in law by the university of Munich; Judge at the Arbeitsgericht Oldenburg; authorised, by the University of Bremen, to teach labour law, sociology of law and social law; Professor ad interim at the faculty of law of the universities of Frankfurt and Bremen; President of the Landesarbeitsgericht Schleswig-Holstein (1989); collaboration, as expert, on the European Expertise Service (EU) project for the reform of the labour law of Kirghizstan (1994-95); Honorary Professor at the University of Bremen in labour law, specifically in European labour law; Judge at the Court of Justice since 15 July 2000.
Stig von Bahr
Born 1939; has worked with the Parliamentary Ombudsman and in the Swedish Cabinet Office and ministries inter alia as assistant under-secretary in the Ministry of Finance; appointed Judge in the Kammarrätten (Administrative Court of Appeal), Gothenburg, in 1981 and Justice of the Regeringsrätten (Supreme Administrative Court) in 1985; has collaborated on a large number of official reports, mainly on the subject of tax legislation and accounting; has been inter alia Chairman of the Committee on Inflation-Adjusted Taxation of Income, Chairman of the Accounting Committee and Special Rapporteur for the Committee on Rules for Taxation of Private Company Owners; has also been Chairman of the Accounting Standards Board and Member of the Board of the National Courts Administration and the Board of the Financial Supervisory Authority; has published a large number of articles, mainly on the subject of tax legislation; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2000.

Antonio Tizzano
Born 1940; various teaching assignments at Italian universities; Legal Counsel to Italy's Permanent Representation to the European Communities (1984-92); Member of the Bar at the Court of Cassation and other higher courts; Member of the Italian delegation in international negotiations and at intergovernmental conferences including those on the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty; various editorial positions; Member of the Independent Group of Experts appointed to examine the finances of the European Commission (1999); Professor of European Law, Director of the Institute of International and European Law (University of Rome); Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 2000 to 3 May 2006; Judge at the Court of Justice since 4 May 2006.

José Narciso da Cunha Rodrigues
Born 1940; various offices within the judiciary (1964-77); Government assignments to carry out and coordinate studies on reform of the judicial system; Government Agent to the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights (1980-84); Expert on the Human Rights Steering Committee of the Council of Europe (1980-85); Member of the Review Commission of the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure; Attorney General (1984-2000); Member of the Supervisory Committee of the European Union Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) (1999-2000); Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2000.

Christiaan Willem Anton Timmermans
Born 1941; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1966-69); official of the European Commission (1969-77); Doctor of Laws (University of Leiden); Professor of European Law at the University of Groningen (1977-89); Deputy Justice at Arnhem Court of Appeal; various editorial positions; Deputy Director-General at the Legal Service of the European Commission (1989-2000); Professor of European Law at the University of Amsterdam; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2000.

Leendert A. Geelhoed
Born 1942; Research Assistant, University of Utrecht (1970-71); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1971-74); Senior Adviser, Ministry of Justice (1975-82); Member of the Advisory Council on Government Policy (1983-90); various teaching assignments; Secretary-General, Ministry of Economic Affairs (1990-97); Secretary-General, Ministry of General Affairs (1997-2000); Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2000.
Christine Stix-Hackl
Born 1957; Doctor of Laws (University of Vienna), postgraduate studies in European Law at the College of Europe, Bruges; member of the Austrian Diplomatic Service (from 1982); expert on European Union matters in the office of the Legal Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1985-88); Legal Service of the European Commission (1989); Head of the “Legal Service – EU” in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1992-2000, Minister Plenipotentiary); participated in the negotiations on the European Economic Area and on the accession of the Republic of Austria to the European Union; Agent of the Republic of Austria at the Court of Justice of the European Communities from 1995; Austrian Consul-General in Zurich (2000); teaching assignments and publications; Advocate-General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2000.
Allan Rosas
Born 1948; Doctor of Laws (1977) of the University of Turku (Finland); Professor of Law at the University of Turku (1978-81) and at the Åbo Akademi University (Turku/Åbo) (1981-96); Director of the latter’s Institute for Human Rights (1985-95); various international and national academic positions of responsibility and memberships of learned societies; coordinated several international and national research projects and programmes, including in the fields of EU law, international law, humanitarian and human rights law, constitutional law and comparative public administration; represented the Finnish Government as member of, or adviser to, Finnish delegations at various international conferences and meetings; expert functions in relation to Finnish legal life, including in governmental law commissions and committees of the Finnish Parliament, as well as the UN, UNESCO, OSCE (CSCE) and the Council of Europe; from 1995 Principal Legal Adviser at the Legal Service of the European Commission, in charge of external relations; from March 2001, Deputy Director-General of the European Commission Legal Service; Judge at the Court of Justice since 17 January 2002.
Rosario Silva de Lapuerta
Born 1954; Bachelor of Laws (Universidad Complutense, Madrid); Abogado del Estado in Malaga; Abogado del Estado at the Legal Service of the Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communication and, subsequently, at the Legal Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Head Abogado del Estado of the State Legal Service for Cases before the Court of Justice of the European Communities and Deputy Director-General of the Community and International Legal Assistance Department (Ministry of Justice); Member of the Commission think tank on the future of the Community judicial system; Head of the Spanish delegation in the "Friends of the Presidency" Group with regard to the reform of the Community judicial system in the Treaty of Nice and of the Council ad hoc working party on the Court of Justice; Professor of Community law at the Diplomatic School, Madrid; Co-director of the journal Noticias de la Unión Europea; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.

Koen Lenaerts
Born 1954; lic.iuris, Ph.D. in Law (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Master of Laws, Master in Public Administration (Harvard University); Lecturer (1979-83), subsequently Professor of European Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (since 1983); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice (1984-85); Professor at the College of Europe, Bruges (1984-89); Member of the Brussels Bar (1986-89); Visiting Professor at the Harvard Law School (1989); Judge at the Court of First Instance of the European Communities from 25 September 1989 to 6 October 2003; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Juliane Kokott 
Born 1957; Law studies (Universities of Bonn and Geneva); LL.M. (American University/Washington DC); Doctor of Laws (Heidelberg University, 1985; Harvard University,1990); visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley (1991); Professor of German and foreign public law, international law and European law at the Universities of Augsburg (1992), Heidelberg (1993) and Düsseldorf (1994); deputy judge for the Federal Government at the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); Deputy Chair of the Federal Government's Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU, 1996); Professor of International Law, International Business Law and European Law at the University of St Gallen (1999); Director of the Institute for European and International Business Law at the University of St Gallen (2000); Deputy Director of the Master of Business Law programme at the University of St Gallen (2001); Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Luís Miguel Poiares Pessoa Maduro
Born 1967; degree in law (University of Lisbon, 1990); assistant lecturer (European University Institute, 1991); Doctor of Laws (European University Institute, Florence, 1996); visiting professor (London School of Economics; College of Europe, Natolin; Ortega y Gasset Institute, Madrid; Catholic University, Portugal; Institute of European Studies, Macao); Professor (Universidade Nova, Lisbon, 1997); Fulbright Visiting Research Fellow (Harvard University, 1998); co-director of the Academy of International Trade Law; co-editor (Hart Series on European Law and Integration, European Law Journal) and member of the editorial board of several law journals; Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Konrad Hermann Theodor Schiemann
Born 1937; Law degrees at Cambridge University; Barrister 1964-80. Queen’s Counsel 1980-86. Justice of the High Court of England and Wales 1986-95; Lord Justice of Appeal 1995-2003; Bencher from 1985 and Treasurer in 2003 of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple; Judge at the Court of Justice since 8 January 2004.

Jerzy Makarczyk
Born 1938; Doctor of Laws (1966); Professor of Public International Law (1974); Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of Oxford (1985); Professor at the International Christian University, Tokyo (1988); author of several works on public international law, European Community law and human rights law; member of several learned societies in the field of international law, European law and human rights law; Negotiator for the Polish Government for the withdrawal of Russian troops from Poland; Under-Secretary of State, then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1989-92); Chairman of the Polish delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations; Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (1992-2002); President of the Institut de droit international (2003); Advisor to the President of the Republic of Poland on foreign policy and human rights (2002-04); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.

Pranas Kūris
Born 1938; graduated in law from the University of Vilnius (1961); Doctorate in legal science, University of Moscow (1965); Doctor in legal science (Dr. hab), University of Moscow (1973); Research Assistant at the Institut des hautes études internationales (Director: Professor C. Rousseau), University of Paris (1967-68); Member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (1996); Doctor honoris causa of the Law University of Lithuania (2001); various teaching and administrative duties at the University of Vilnius (1961-90); Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Professor of Public International Law, Dean of the Faculty of Law; several governmental posts in the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service and Lithuanian Ministry of Justice; Minister for Justice (1990-91), Member of the State Council (1991), Ambassador of the Republic of Lithuania to Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (1992-94); Judge at the (old) European Court of Human Rights (June 1994 to November 1998); Judge at the Supreme Court of Lithuania and subsequently President of the Supreme Court (December 1994 to October 1998); Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (from November 1998); participated in several international conferences; member of the delegation of the Republic of Lithuania for negotiations with the USSR (1990-92); author of numerous publications (approximately 200); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Endre Juhász
Born 1944; graduated in law from the University of Szeged, Hungary (1967); Hungarian Bar Entrance Examinations (1970); post-graduate studies in comparative law, University of Strasbourg, France (1969, 1970, 1971, 1972); Official in the Legal Department of the Ministry of Foreign Trade (1966-74), Director for Legislative Matters (1973-74); First Commercial Secretary at the Hungarian Embassy, Brussels, responsible for European Community issues (1974-79); Director at the Ministry of Foreign Trade (1979-83); First Commercial Secretary, then Commercial Counsellor to the Hungarian Embassy in Washington DC, USA (1983-89); Director-General of the Ministry of Trade and Ministry of International Economic Relations (1989-91); Chief negotiator for the Association Agreement between Hungary and the European Communities and their Member States (1990-91); Secretary-General of the Ministry of International Economic Relations, Head of the Office of European Affairs (1992); State Secretary at the Ministry of International Economic Relations (1993-94); State Secretary, President of the Office of European Affairs, Ministry of Industry and Trade (1994); Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Chief of Mission of the Republic of Hungary to the European Union (January 1995 to May 2003); Chief negotiator for the accession of the Republic of Hungary to the European Union (July 1998 to April 2003); Minister without portfolio for the coordination of matters of European integration (from May 2003); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
George Arestis
Born 1945; Graduated in law from the University of Athens (1968); M.A. in Comparative Politics and Government, University of Kent at Canterbury (1970); practice as a lawyer in Cyprus (1972-82); appointed District Court Judge (1982); Promoted to the post of President of the District Court (1995); Administrative President of the District Court of Nicosia (1997-2003); Judge at the Supreme Court of Cyprus (2003); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Anthony Borg Barthet U.O.M.
Born 1947; Doctorate in Law at the Royal University of Malta in 1973; entered the Maltese Civil Service as Notary to the Government in 1975; Counsel for the Republic in 1978, Senior Counsel for the Republic in 1979, Assistant Attorney General in 1988 and appointed Attorney General by the President of Malta in 1989; part-time lecturer in civil law at the University of Malta (1985-89); Member of the Council of the University of Malta (1998-2004); Member of the Commission for the Administration of Justice (1994-2004); Member of the Board of Governors of the Malta Arbitration Centre (1998-2004); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Marko Ilešič
Born 1947; Doctor of Law (University of Ljubljana); specialism in comparative law (Universities of Strasbourg and Coimbra); Member of the Bar; Judge at the Labour Court, Ljubljana (1975-86); President of the Sports Tribunal (1978-86); Arbitrator at the Arbitration Court of the Triglav Insurance Company (1990-98); Chairman of the Stock Exchange Appellate Chamber (from 1995); Arbitrator at the Stock Exchange Arbitration Court (from 1998); Arbitrator at the Chamber of Commerce of Yugoslavia (until 1991) and Slovenia (from 1991); Arbitrator at the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris; Judge at the Board of Appeals of UEFA (from 1988) and FIFA (from 2000); President of the Union of Slovenian Lawyers' Associations; Member of the International Law Association, of the International Maritime Committee and of several other international legal societies; Professor of Civil Law, Commercial Law and Private International Law; Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Ljubljana; author of numerous legal publications; Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Jirí Malenovský
Born 1950; Doctor of Law from the Charles University in Prague (1975); Senior faculty member (1974-90), Vice-Dean (1989-91) and Head of the Department of International and European Law (1990-92) at Masaryk University in Brno; Judge at the Constitutional Court of Czechoslovakia (1992); Envoy to the Council of Europe (1993-98); President of the Committee of Ministers’ Deputies of the Council of Europe (1995); Senior Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1998-2000); President of the Czech and Slovak branch of the International Law Association (1999-2001); Judge at the Constitutional Court (2000-04); Member of the Legislative Council (1998-2000); Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (2000); Professor of Public International Law at Masaryk University, Brno (2001); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Ján Klučka
Born 1951; Doctor of Law from the University of Bratislava (1974); Professor of International Law at Kosice University (since 1975); Judge at the Constitutional Court (1993); Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (1994); Member of the Venice Commission (1994); Chairman of the Slovakian Association of International Law (2002); Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Uno Lõhmus
Born 1952; Doctor of Law in 1986; Member of the Bar (1977-98); Visiting Professor of Criminal Law at Tartu University; Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (1994-98); Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Estonia (1998-2004); Member of the Committee for Legal Expertise of the Constitution; consultant to the working group drafting the Criminal Code; member of the working group for the drafting of the Criminal Procedure Code; author of several works on human rights and constitutional law; Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Egils Levits
Born 1955; graduated in law and in political science from the University of Hamburg; research assistant at the Faculty of Law, University of Kiel; Advisor to Latvian Parliament on questions of international law, constitutional law and legislative reform; Latvian Ambassador to Germany and Switzerland (1992-93), Austria, Switzerland and Hungary (1994-95); Vice Prime Minister and Minister for Justice, acting Minister for Foreign Affairs (1993-94); Conciliator at the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration within OSCE (from 1997); Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (from 2001); elected as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights in 1995, re-elected in 1998 and 2001; numerous publications in the spheres of constitutional and administrative law, law reform and European Community law; Judge at the Court of Justice since 11 May 2004.
Aindrias Ó Caoimh
Born 1950; Bachelor in Civil Law (National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, 1971); Barrister (King's Inns, 1972); Diploma in European Law (University College Dublin, 1977); Barrister (Bar of Ireland, 1972-99); Lecturer in European Law (King's Inns, Dublin); Senior Counsel (1994-99); Representative of the Government of Ireland on many occasions before the Court of Justice of the European Communities; Judge at the High Court (from 1999); Bencher of the Honourable Society of King's Inns (since 1999); Vice-President of the Irish Society of European Law; member of the International Law Association (Irish Branch); Son of Judge Andreas O'Keeffe (Aindrias Ó Caoimh) member of the Court of Justice 1974-85; Judge at the Court of Justice since 13 October 2004.
Lars Bay Larsen
Born 1953; awarded degrees in political science (1976) and law (1983) at the University of Copenhagen; Official at the Ministry of Justice (1983-85); Lecturer (1984-91), then Associate Professor (1991-96), in family law at the University of Copenhagen; Head of Section at the Advokatsamfund (Danish Bar Association) (1985-86); Head of Section (1986-91) at the Ministry of Justice; called to the Bar (1991); Head of Division (1991-95), Head of the Police Department (1995-99) and Head of the Law Department (2000-03) at the Ministry of Justice; Danish representative on the K-4 Committee (1995-2000), the Schengen Central Group (1996-98) and the Europol Management Board (1998-2000); Judge at the Højesteret (Supreme Court) (2003-06); Judge at the Court of Justice from 10 January 2006.
Eleanor Sharpston
Born 1955; studied economics, languages and law at King’s College, Cambridge (1973-77); university teaching and research at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (1977-80); called to the Bar (Middle Temple, 1980); Barrister (1980-87 and 1990-2005); Legal Secretary in the Chambers of Advocate General, subsequently Judge, Sir Gordon Slynn (1987-90); Lecturer in EC and comparative law (Director of European Legal Studies) at University College London (1990-92); Lecturer in the Faculty of Law (1992-98), and subsequently Affiliated Lecturer (1998-2005), at the University of Cambridge; Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge (since 1992); Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for European Legal Studies of the University of Cambridge (1998-2005); Queen’s Counsel (1999); Bencher of Middle Temple (2005); Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 10 January 2006.
Paolo Mengozzi
Born 1938; Professor of International Law and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair of European Community law at the University of Bologna; Doctor honoris causa of the Carlos III University, Madrid; visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University (Bologna Center), the Universities of St. Johns (New York), Georgetown, Paris-II, Georgia (Athens) and the Institut universitaire international (Luxembourg); co-ordinator of the European Business Law Pallas Program of the University of Nijmegen; member of the consultative committee of the Commission of the European Communities on public procurement; Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry during the Italian tenure of the Presidency of the Council; member of the working group of the European Community on the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and director of the 1997 session of The Hague Academy of International Law research centre devoted to the WTO; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 4 March 1998 to 3 May 2006; Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 4 May 2006.
Roger Grass
Born 1948; Graduate of the Institut d'études politiques, Paris, and awarded higher degree in public law; Deputy Procureur de la République attached to the Tribunal de grande instance, Versailles; Principal Administrator at the Court of Justice; Secretary-General in the office of the Procureur Général attached to the Court of Appeal, Paris; Private Office of the Minister for Justice; Legal Secretary to the President of the Court of Justice; Registrar at the Court of Justice since 10 February 1994.

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