Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and endocannabinoids, collectively referred to as lipid mediators, play pivotal roles in immune regulation and self-defense, and in the maintenance of homeostasis in living systems. They are produced by multistep enzymatic pathways, which are initiated by the de-esterification of membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2s or sphingo-myelinase. Lipid mediators exert their biological effects by binding to cognate receptors, which are members of the G protein–coupled receptor superfamily. The synthesis of the lipid mediators and subsequent induction of receptor activity is tightly regulated under normal physiological conditions, and enzyme and/or receptor dysfunction can lead to a variety of disease conditions. Thus, the manipulation of lipid mediator signaling, through either enzyme inhibitors or receptor antagonists and agonists, has great potential as a therapeutic approach to disease. In this review, I summarize our current state of knowledge of the synthesis of lipid mediators and the function of their cognate receptors, and discuss the effects of genetic or pharmacological ablation of enzyme or receptor function on various pathophysiological processes.
CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND THEIR ENDOGENOUS AGONISTS | |
Christian C. Felder, Michelle Glass | |
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Volume 38,
Page 179-200,
1998 | |
Platelet-Activating Factor and Related Lipid Mediators | |
Stephen M. Prescott, Guy A. Zimmerman, Diana M. Stafforini, Thomas M. McIntyre | |
Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Volume 69,
Page 419-445,
2000 | |
Novel Lipid Modifications of Secreted Protein Signals | |
Randall K. Mann, Philip A. Beachy | |
Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Volume 73,
Page 891-923,
2004 | |
Lysophospholipid Receptors: Signaling and Biology | |
Isao Ishii, Nobuyuki Fukushima, Xiaoqin Ye, Jerold Chun | |
Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Volume 73,
Page 321-354,
2004 | |
This review | |
---|---|
Lipid Mediators in Health and Disease: Enzymes and Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for the Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation | |
Takao Shimizu | |
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Volume 49,
Page 123-150,
2009 |
Search for articles by the same authors or containing the same key words. Select below.
Powered by Atypon® Literatum | |