The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 136 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1360 Jun 14. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2622 Jul 30. The total duration of Saros series 136 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1360 Jun 14 05:56:04 TD
Last Eclipse = 2622 Jul 30 12:18:09 TD
Duration of Saros 136 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 136 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 136 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.1% |
| Annular | A | 6 | 8.5% |
| Total | T | 44 | 62.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 6 | 8.5% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 136 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 136 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 136: 8P 6A 6H 44T 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 136 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1955 Jun 20 Duration = 07m08s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2496 May 13 Duration = 01m02s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1504 Sep 08 Duration = 00m32s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1594 Nov 12 Duration = 00m04s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1703 Jan 17 Duration = 00m50s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1612 Nov 22 Duration = 00m01s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1486 Aug 29 Magnitude = 0.9856
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1360 Jun 14 Magnitude = 0.0495
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 136 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 136 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 1360 Jun 14 05:56:04 359 -7910 Pb -1.5227 0.0495 65.8S 78.2E 0 13
02 -34 1378 Jun 25 12:45:16 330 -7687 P -1.4392 0.1976 64.8S 34.3W 0 23
03 -33 1396 Jul 05 19:37:40 302 -7464 P -1.3568 0.3449 63.9S 147.2W 0 32
04 -32 1414 Jul 17 02:35:03 276 -7241 P -1.2770 0.4881 63.1S 98.9E 0 42
05 -31 1432 Jul 27 09:39:02 251 -7018 P -1.2011 0.6250 62.4S 16.4W 0 51
06 -30 1450 Aug 07 16:48:49 226 -6795 P -1.1286 0.7560 61.8S 132.9W 0 60
07 -29 1468 Aug 18 00:08:08 208 -6572 P -1.0627 0.8753 61.3S 108.3E 0 68
08 -28 1486 Aug 29 07:34:56 191 -6349 P -1.0018 0.9856 61.0S 12.2W 0 77
09 -27 1504 Sep 08 15:12:15 174 -6126 A -0.9486 0.9924 55.3S 102.6W 18 58 83 00m32s
10 -26 1522 Sep 19 22:57:33 159 -5903 A -0.9011 0.9946 53.9S 146.0E 25 55 42 00m23s
11 -25 1540 Sep 30 06:54:11 145 -5680 A -0.8620 0.9960 54.6S 29.1E 30 54 27 00m17s
12 -24 1558 Oct 11 14:58:55 133 -5457 A -0.8289 0.9971 56.5S 90.3W 34 53 18 00m12s
13 -23 1576 Oct 21 23:13:06 122 -5234 A -0.8031 0.9981 59.2S 147.9E 36 51 11 00m08s
14 -22 1594 Nov 12 07:34:49 111 -5011 A -0.7829 0.9991 62.4S 25.1E 38 48 5 00m04s
15 -21 1612 Nov 22 16:04:35 98 -4788 H -0.7691 1.0002 65.7S 98.4W 39 43 1 00m01s
16 -20 1630 Dec 04 00:38:59 81 -4565 H -0.7585 1.0017 68.7S 139.6E 40 36 9 00m07s
17 -19 1648 Dec 14 09:17:55 48 -4342 H -0.7510 1.0035 70.9S 19.6E 41 25 18 00m14s
18 -18 1666 Dec 25 17:59:16 29 -4119 H -0.7452 1.0058 71.6S 98.3W 42 11 30 00m24s
19 -17 1685 Jan 05 02:42:50 11 -3896 H -0.7409 1.0086 70.7S 143.1E 42 357 44 00m35s
20 -16 1703 Jan 17 11:24:25 8 -3673 H2 -0.7345 1.0120 67.9S 22.2E 42 347 61 00m50s
21 -15 1721 Jan 27 20:05:11 10 -3450 T -0.7269 1.0158 64.0S 102.4W 43 340 79 01m07s
22 -14 1739 Feb 08 04:41:13 11 -3227 T -0.7149 1.0203 59.2S 131.0E 44 336 99 01m27s
23 -13 1757 Feb 18 13:14:12 14 -3004 T -0.6999 1.0251 53.8S 2.9E 45 335 119 01m51s
24 -12 1775 Mar 01 21:39:20 17 -2781 T -0.6783 1.0304 47.9S 124.8W 47 335 139 02m20s
25 -11 1793 Mar 12 06:00:07 16 -2558 T -0.6524 1.0359 41.7S 107.8E 49 336 158 02m51s
26 -10 1811 Mar 24 14:12:13 12 -2335 T -0.6190 1.0416 35.2S 18.0W 52 338 176 03m27s
27 -09 1829 Apr 03 22:18:36 8 -2112 T -0.5803 1.0474 28.5S 142.6W 54 341 192 04m05s
28 -08 1847 Apr 15 06:16:13 7 -1889 T -0.5339 1.0530 21.6S 95.0E 58 343 206 04m44s
29 -07 1865 Apr 25 14:08:34 6 -1666 T -0.4826 1.0584 14.8S 25.8W 61 346 219 05m23s
30 -06 1883 May 06 21:53:49 -6 -1443 T -0.4250 1.0634 8.1S 144.6W 65 349 229 05m58s
31 -05 1901 May 18 05:33:48 -1 -1220 T -0.3626 1.0680 1.7S 98.4E 69 353 238 06m29s
32 -04 1919 May 29 13:08:55 21 -997 T -0.2955 1.0719 4.4N 16.7W 73 356 244 06m51s
33 -03 1937 Jun 08 20:41:02 24 -774 T -0.2253 1.0751 9.9N 130.5W 77 0 250 07m04s
34 -02 1955 Jun 20 04:10:42 31 -551 T -0.1528 1.0776 14.8N 117.0E 81 5 254 07m08s
35 -01 1973 Jun 30 11:38:41 44 -328 T -0.0785 1.0792 18.8N 5.6E 86 9 256 07m04s
36 00 1991 Jul 11 19:07:01 58 -105 Tm -0.0041 1.0800 22.0N 105.2W 90 30 258 06m53s
37 01 2009 Jul 22 02:36:25 66 118 T 0.0698 1.0799 24.2N 144.1E 86 198 258 06m39s
38 02 2027 Aug 02 10:07:50 75 341 T 0.1421 1.0790 25.5N 33.2E 82 202 258 06m23s
39 03 2045 Aug 12 17:42:39 88 564 T 0.2116 1.0774 25.9N 78.5W 78 206 256 06m06s
40 04 2063 Aug 24 01:22:11 122 787 T 0.2771 1.0750 25.6N 168.4E 74 209 252 05m49s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 2081 Sep 03 09:07:31 161 1010 T 0.3378 1.0720 24.6N 53.6E 70 211 247 05m33s
42 06 2099 Sep 14 16:57:53 202 1233 T 0.3942 1.0684 23.4N 62.8W 67 211 241 05m18s
43 07 2117 Sep 26 00:55:42 245 1456 T 0.4442 1.0645 21.9N 178.4E 64 211 233 05m03s
44 08 2135 Oct 07 09:00:03 291 1679 T 0.4884 1.0603 20.3N 57.6E 61 210 224 04m50s
45 09 2153 Oct 17 17:12:18 336 1902 T 0.5259 1.0560 18.8N 65.7W 58 208 214 04m36s
46 10 2171 Oct 29 01:31:03 375 2125 T 0.5577 1.0516 17.6N 169.1E 56 206 203 04m23s
47 11 2189 Nov 08 09:57:28 417 2348 T 0.5830 1.0474 16.5N 41.6E 54 202 192 04m10s
48 12 2207 Nov 20 18:30:26 461 2571 T 0.6027 1.0434 15.8N 87.8W 53 198 180 03m56s
49 13 2225 Dec 01 03:08:36 506 2794 T 0.6178 1.0398 15.4N 141.4E 52 194 169 03m43s
50 14 2243 Dec 12 11:52:14 554 3017 T 0.6284 1.0365 15.5N 9.0E 51 190 157 03m30s
51 15 2261 Dec 22 20:38:50 604 3240 T 0.6360 1.0337 16.1N 124.2W 50 185 147 03m17s
52 16 2280 Jan 03 05:28:11 656 3463 T 0.6414 1.0314 17.2N 101.9E 50 180 138 03m04s
53 17 2298 Jan 13 14:16:27 710 3686 T 0.6474 1.0296 19.0N 31.9W 50 176 131 02m52s
54 18 2316 Jan 25 23:05:17 766 3909 T 0.6526 1.0282 21.4N 166.0W 49 172 126 02m42s
55 19 2334 Feb 05 07:50:29 824 4132 T 0.6603 1.0272 24.6N 60.8E 49 168 122 02m33s
56 20 2352 Feb 16 16:32:06 884 4355 T 0.6709 1.0266 28.5N 71.8W 48 164 121 02m24s
57 21 2370 Feb 27 01:07:02 946 4578 T 0.6865 1.0262 33.2N 157.0E 46 161 121 02m17s
58 22 2388 Mar 09 09:36:21 1011 4801 T 0.7064 1.0260 38.5N 27.0E 45 158 124 02m10s
59 23 2406 Mar 20 17:57:23 1077 5024 T 0.7327 1.0258 44.5N 101.3W 43 155 128 02m03s
60 24 2424 Mar 31 02:10:10 1146 5247 T 0.7652 1.0254 51.3N 131.9E 40 152 133 01m55s
61 25 2442 Apr 11 10:14:04 1216 5470 T 0.8046 1.0248 58.7N 6.2E 36 148 142 01m45s
62 26 2460 Apr 21 18:09:49 1289 5693 T 0.8503 1.0236 66.8N 119.8W 31 142 154 01m34s
63 27 2478 May 03 01:55:59 1363 5916 T 0.9034 1.0218 75.7N 107.7E 25 128 176 01m20s
64 28 2496 May 13 09:34:25 1440 6139 T 0.9622 1.0185 81.0N 70.4W 15 65 243 01m02s
65 29 2514 May 25 17:04:32 1519 6362 P 1.0272 0.9507 68.5N 123.2E 0 13
66 30 2532 Jun 05 00:28:58 1600 6585 P 1.0962 0.8224 67.5N 1.3E 0 2
67 31 2550 Jun 16 07:45:35 1683 6808 P 1.1708 0.6840 66.4N 118.1W 0 352
68 32 2568 Jun 26 14:58:55 1768 7031 P 1.2472 0.5426 65.5N 123.7E 0 342
69 33 2586 Jul 07 22:07:07 1855 7254 P 1.3270 0.3957 64.5N 7.2E 0 332
70 34 2604 Jul 19 05:14:31 1944 7477 P 1.4062 0.2509 63.7N 108.8W 0 323
71 35 2622 Jul 30 12:18:09 2035 7700 Pe 1.4872 0.1039 63.0N 136.4E 0 314
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
