The Capetian kings first ruled France from 888 to 898 and from 922 to 923. The dynasty established itself more permanently in 987, when Hugues "Capet" was elected king in succession to Louis V, the last king of the Carolingian dynasty. According to Pinoteau, the name "Capet" was first attributed to the dynasty by Ralph de Diceto writing in London in [1200], maybe because of the position of the early kings as lay abbots of St Martin of Tours where part of the "cappa" of the saint was allegedly conserved[1]. The name appears never to have been applied officially to the family of the French kings, which from the end of the 13th century was called "la maison de France" in primary soruces, presumably to emphasise chronological continuity from the earlier Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties[2]. Nevertheless, the name "Capet" provides a convenient epithet for modern historians to describe the dynasty.

The Capetian dynasty has been studied widely and needs little introduction. However, one of the intriguing puzzles remains its origin, discussed below under Robert "le Fort". Doubt also remains about the origin of the wives of four heads of the family in the 9th and 10th centuries, including three Capetian kings: the wives of Robert "le Fort" (died 866), King Eudes (died 898), King Robert I (died 923), and King Hugues "Capet" (died 996). All these questions are discussed below.

The expansion of the family’s political influence across Europe, through younger branches of the dynasty, was unparalleled compared with other contemporary European ruling families. The brothers of Hugues "Capet" King of France were installed as dukes of Burgundy from 956 to 1002, and Robert younger son of Robert II King of France established the main line of dukes which ruled Burgundy from 1032 until 1361 (see the document BURGUNDY DUCHY, DUKES), as well as the kings of Portugal from [1095] until the 1910 revolution (see PORTUGAL KINGS). Hugues, younger son of Henri I King of France, married the heiress of the counties of Vermandois, Valois and Crépy, which his descendants continued to rule until 1213 when they reverted to the French crown (see NORTHERN FRANCE - VALOIS, VEXIN, VERMANDOIS). Robert, son of Louis VI King of France, was installed as Seigneur de Dreux in 1152 and his descendants in the male line ruled as Comtes de Dreux et de Braine from 1184 until [1355], the two counties being sold to the French crown in 1377 (see PARIS REGION - DREUX & MANTES). The Dreux line also provided dukes of Brittany from 1213 until 1514, when the duchy fell to the French crown (see BRITTANY DUKES). Robert's brother Pierre married the heiress of the seigneurie de Courtenay (see CHAMPAGNE - SENS & JOIGNY), although his most prominent descendants were Latin emperors of Constantinople from 1216 until 1261 (see CONSTANTINOPLE LATIN EMPIRE). Robert, younger son of Louis VIII King of France, was installed as comte d'Artois in 1237, his descendants ruling the county until 1329 (see NORTHERN FRANCE - ARTOIS, BOULOGNE etc.), as well as the county of Eu from 1351 to 1472 (see NORMANDY - ARQUES, AUMÂLE, CAUX, EU, ROUEN). Robert's younger brother Charles was invested as king of Sicily by Pope Clement IV in 1265, his descendants continuing to rule in southern Italy until 1435 (see SICILY KINGS) and in Hungary from 1301 to 1387 (see HUNGARY KINGS). Robert, son of Louis IX King of France, was created Comte de Clermont in 1269 and inherited the seigneurie de Bourbon from his wife’s family in 1287 (see PARIS REGION - CLERMONT & DAMMARTIN). His descendants were created dukes of Bourbon in 1327 (see BOURBON) and inherited the French crown in 1589 when they were the senior surviving male representatives of the Capetian dynasty. The line of Evreux, descended from Louis Comte d’Evreux youngest son of King Philippe III, provided later kings of Navarre (see NAVARRE KINGS). The Valois dynasty of French kings, sub-dynasty of the Capet family, descended from Charles Comte de Valois, younger son of Philippe III King of France (see Chapter 2), younger branches of which provided later dukes of Burgundy (see BURGUNDY DUCHY, DUKES), Dukes of Anjou (and titular kings of Sicily) (see ANJOU - COMTES, DUCS d’ANJOU), and Comtes and Dukes of Alençon (see Chapter 2.C).

Chapter 1. KINGS OF FRANCE (CAPET)

A. KINGS OF FRANCE 888-898 and 922-936

ROBERT "le Fort", son of --- ([815/30]-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866). Robert´s birth date range is estimated assuming that his known sons were born in [850/60] as suggested below. The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is obscure. Some general indications, which are contradictory, are found in near contemporary sources:

· An unspecified Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him “Ruodbertus…ortus de Francia, dux Karoli” when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as “ex orientalibus Francia”[4].

· A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names “ex equestre ordine Rotbertum” as father of King Eudes and his “avum…paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum”[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names “Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir”[6].

· Abbon refers to Robert’s son Eudes King of France as "Neustrien…fils de la Neustrie"[7].

· Some early sources specifically state that nothing is known of Robert’s origins, for example Rodulphus Glaber ("cuius genus…oscurum")[8].

· The possible identity of Robert´s mother is suggested by the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio"[9]. However, there are two possible interpretations of the dating clause of this document. If it refers to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, whose reign is normally dated from the death of his father in Jun 840, the year would be [867] the year after Robert "le Fort" died. Another possibility is that the clause refers to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in which case the year would be 920, indicating that the donor was the future Robert I King of France, rather than Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further below, Anatole de Barthélemy uses this document as part of his argument for identifying Guillaume Comte de Blois as the father of Robert "le Fort". However, "avunculus" in its strict sense indicates "maternal uncle" and, while the terms "patruus" (paternal uncle) and "avunculus" (maternal uncle) are frequently used interchangeably in contemporary primary source documentation, it is possible that the relationship was through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois, who could have been the mother of Robert "le Fort". If this is correct, he would have been Robert "le Fort", son of --- & his wife ---. It should be emphasised that this hypothesis is speculative.

· Another possibility is that, assuming that the donor in the 20 Feb charter was the future Robert I King of France, the relationship could have been through his mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort", who as indicated below could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.

Four more specific suggestions about Robert´s paternal ancestry have been made:

· Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud ---, who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[10]. No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, as noted above. The suggestion is presumably based mainly on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified meaning that this point has not been checked. The author in question may have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either. Robert would presumably have fled Germany after supporting Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche” King of the East Franks. This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859. However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II (see below), unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau, which is not impossible.

· Secondly, a possible connection exists between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). This connection is suggested by Regino naming "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his fighting "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and naming "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[11]. A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937 under which "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin", grandson of Robert “le Fort”, donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[12]. It should be noted that all these sources could also be explained if the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm was through the female line or even through Robert´s wife.

· Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europäische Stammtafeln which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]"[13]. Presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[14]. This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[15]). Is it possible that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"? Such a case would be consistent with the Saxon origin suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above). The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).

· Fourthly, Anatole de Barthélemy suggests that Robert was the son of Guillaume Comte de Blois, who was killed in battle in Jun 834 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY)[16]. This suggestion was accepted by René Merlet[17]. Barthélemy bases his theory on the exchange of property in the county of Blois made by Comte Robert dated 865 (see below), concluding that Robert "avait son principal établissement à Blois…en pleine Neustrie, ce qui confirme singulièrement l´allégation d´Abbon" (who refers to Robert´s Neustrian origin, as noted above)[18]. Barthélemy also quotes the charter under which "Robertus…beati Martini abbas…et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim…ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio", dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege"[19]. As noted above, the dating clause of this document may either refer to King Charles II "le Chauve" or to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks. In the latter case the donor was the future Robert I King of France not Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle"). As discussed further above, the term "avunculus" reminds us that the relationship, as described in this charter, could also have been through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.

Whatever the truth about Robert´s parentage, his career in France is recorded with certainty from 853, although Merlet suggests that he was named in an earlier charter dated I Oct 845[20], a co-identity which is not beyond doubt: Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks restored property to Hincmar Archbishop of Reims which he had previously granted to his supporters, including property granted to "…Rotbertus…", by charter dated 1 Oct 845[21].

A document issued by King Charles II "le Chauve" dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[22], which may refer to Robert “le Fort” or to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau who is named above.

The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[23], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany. Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[24]. Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[25]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[26]. The Annales record that King Charles´s son, the future King Louis II "le Bègue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[27].

Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]: the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[28]. This change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while recording that Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem".

"Le comte Robert" donated "certains biens…situés dans le comté de Blois, dans la viguerie d´Averdon au village dit Gabrium et faisant partie du domaine de Saint-Lubin" to Actard Bishop of Nantes in exchange for other property "situés au même lieu et dépendant aussi du domaine de Saint-Lubin" by charter dated May 865[29]. Merlet suggests that this charter indicates that Robert "le Fort" was Comte de Blois at the time[30]. However, another possibility is that the county indicated was the "march of Anjou" as noted above.

Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865. The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "præfecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[31]. "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to René Merlet, may have been the brother of Robert "le Fort"[32].

The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[33]. The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus…inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[34].

The name of Comte Robert's wife or wives is not known. There are indications that he married more than once, maybe three times. One possibility can be dismissed immediately: a passage in the Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[35]. This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been Robert´s wife. Three possibilities remain:

[m [firstly] ---. As noted above, Europäische Stammtafeln names "[Agane]" as Robert’s first wife[36]. As stated above, this is probably based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[37]. As discussed above, this would mean that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry. If that is correct, Agane would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort". The suggestion would therefore be consistent with Agane having been Robert´s first wife.]

[m [secondly] ---. If the theories outlined here relating to Robert´s possible first and third marriages are correct, the chronology dictates that the wife who was the mother of his children, born in [850/60], must have been a different person. There is no indication who she might have been apart from the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo…rege" which is discussed above. If, in accordance with one of the possibilities suggested above, the dating clause in that document refers to the reign of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, the donor must have been the future Robert I King of France. In which case, the relationship "avunculus" described in the document could have been through the donor´s mother which, if correct, would mean that Robert´s second wife could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d´Orléans and Guillaume Comte de Blois. This suggestion is inconsistent with the alternative interpretation of the same document, whereby Robert “le Fort” was the son of a sister of Eudes and Guillaume, which is one of the possibilities regarding Robert’s ancestry as discussed above.]

[m [thirdly] ---. Some secondary works assert that the wife of Robert was Adelais [de Tours], widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours & his wife Ava ---[38]. If that is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as Conrad died after 862, by which date Robert's known children were already born. The assertion appears to be based on the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo…Robertus alter"[39], "Hugonis abbatis" being the son of Conrad Comte de Paris and assuming that "frs" is an abbreviation for "fratres". Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest the likelihood that Comte Robert’s wife was a close relation of Adelais (without providing the reasoning for his statement)[40]. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[41]), on the assumption of some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven).

Comte Robert & his [second] wife had three children:

1. EUDES [Odo] (in Neustria [after 852][42]-La Fère-sur-Oise 3 Jan 898). Herimannus names "Odo filius Roudperti" when recording his assuming power in "Gallia usque ad Ligerim et in Aquitania" after the death of Emperor Karl III[43]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Odonem ducem Aquitanio" succeeded as king of France, stating that he was "filius Raimundi comitis Lemovicensis"[44], although it is not known on what information this may be based. He succeeded his father in 866 as Marquis en Neustrie, but was dispossessed in 868 by Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in favour of Hugues l’Abbé. He was created Comte de Paris 882-83, after unsuccessfully challenging Hugues l’Abbé for his inheritance. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: “Odo...comes et...abbas...Sancti Martini” returned property in Italy “Solarium...et Vallem Caumoniam” to the abbey by charter dated Apr 886, subscribed by “Ademari comitis, Attonis vicecomitis...”[45]. "Eudes…comme abbé de Saint-Martin" exchanged "la villa de Marsat en Auvergne et la villa…Dronius" for "les villæ…Balneacum et Vineas situées en Berri dans le vicaria Corboninse" with Frothaire Archbishop of Bourges by charter dated May 886[46]. He was finally invested as Marquis de Neustrie in Sep 886, following the death during the siege of Paris of Duke Heinrich (who was ancestor of the "alte" Babenberg family, see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY) to whom Emperor Charles II had granted the territories of Robert “le Fort” on the death of Hugues l’Abbé earlier in the same year[47]. "Odo Parisiorum pagi…comes" donated land at Fontenay, Charenton to Notre-Dame by charter dated to before 888, subscribed by "Roberti comitis, Altmari comitis"[48]. He was acclaimed as EUDES King of France 29 Feb 888. He was consecrated king at Compiègne by the Archbishop of Sens. King Eudes defeated the Normans at Montfaucon-en-Argonne 24 Jun 888, after which he was recognised as king by Arnulf King of the East Franks who sent royal insignia for a second consecration at Reims 13 Nov 888[49]. He was succeeded by the Carolingian Charles III "le Simple", who had been consecrated as anti-king at Reims 28 Jan 893, as recorded in the agreement reached in 897 between the two adversaries after Eudes defeated Charles[50]. The Annales Prumienses record the death "898 III Non Ian" of "Odo rex"[51]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Odo rex"[52]. m as her first husband, THEODERADA, daughter of --- (-18 Oct [after 900]). "Odo…rex" confirmed the possessions of "monasterio Vedastino" by charter dated 21 May [891/92] which names "coniux nostra Theoderada"[53]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[54], she was Theoderada, [daughter of Adelramn [II]]. The primary source on which this is based has not been identified. Settipani says that it has no historical basis[55]. Nevertheless, Theoderic, supposed son of Adelramn [II], was a strong supporter of King Eudes, as recorded in the Annales Vedastini[56], which is best explained by a family connection: if the relationship is correct, he would have been Theoderada´s brother. She married secondly Otto. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Kalendarium Sanctæ Mariæ Virdunensis, which records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[57], read together with the necrology of Verdun Cathedral which records the death "XV Kal Nov" of "Theudrada regina et postea sancti monialis qui cum viro suo Hattone dedit fratribus Haraldi montem"[58]. These two sources make it clear that "viro suo Hattone" named in the second cannot refer to Eudes King of France, who would not have been called "Otto comes" in the first. King Eudes & his wife had [three] children:

a) children . King Eudes refers to his unnamed children in 889 according to Settipani, who does not cite the primary source on which this is based[59].

b) [RAOUL ([882]-after 898). He is named as son of King Eudes in Europäische Stammtafeln[60] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. King of Aquitaine.]

c) [ARNOUL ([885]-898). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "filius eius Arnulfus" succeeded on the death of his father "Francorum…rege Odone" but lived only a short time[61]. This is the only source so far identified which mentions Arnoul.]

d) [GUY [Wido] . "Alanus" [Duke of Brittany] signed a charter dated 28 Aug 903 witnessed by "…Guido filius Ottonis regis Franciæ qui tunc erat cum Alano"[62]. According to Settipani, the charter is a forgery[63].]

2. ROBERT ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[64]. He was elected ROBERT I King of France in 922.

- see below.

ROBERT, son of ROBERT "le Fort" Comte [de Tours], Marquis en Neustrie & his [second] wife --- ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[65]. He was installed as lay abbot of Marmoutier on the death of Hugues l’Abbé in 886[66]. He succeeded his brother in 888 as Marquis en Neustrie, and probably also as Comte de Paris, d'Orléans et de Tours. After his brother King Eudes captured Poitou in 893, he installed Robert as Comte de Poitou but the latter was expelled by Adémar, son of Comte Emenon[67]. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "Robert abbé de Saint-Martin" confirmed possessions of Saint-Martin de Tours by charter dated 30 Aug 894[68]. Eudes King of France granted the abbey of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers to the bishop of Poitiers, at the request of "marchiones…Hrobertus…atque Ademarus", by charter dated to [894][69]. After the death of his brother in 898, Robert supported Charles III King of France who seems to have confirmed Robert's position in Neustrie. “Rotbertus...beati Martini abba...et comes” restored “cellulæ...Sancti Clementis”, previously donated by “predecessor noster domnus Odo germanus noster...tunc abbas deinde Francorum rex”, to Saint-Martin by charter dated 13 Sep 900, subscribed by “...Attonis vicecomitis, Guarnegaudi vicecomitis, Fulconis vicecomitis, Rainaldi vicecomitis...”[70]. He rebelled against the king in 922, triggered by the confiscation of the monastery of Chelles by King Charles from Rothilde (who was the mother-in-law of Robert's son Hugues) in favour of his favourite Haganon. He was elected ROBERT I King of France 22 Jun 922, consecrated at Reims by Gauthier Archbishop of Sens. Flodoard records in 922 that "Franci" elected “Rotbertum seniorem” who was invested “Remis apud Sanctum Remigium ab episcopis et primatibus regni”[71]. King Robert was killed fighting ex-King Charles, although his forces won the battle: Flodoard records in 923 that "Karolus cum suis Lothariensibus" crossed “Mosam...ad Atiniacum...et...super Axonam” where he lost the battle near Soissons in which “Rotbertus...rex” was killed[72]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Rotbertus rex"[73]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Magloire records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Robertus rex"[74]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records that "Rotbertus rex" was killed in battle 15 Jun[75].

m firstly ---. The name of Robert's first wife is not known. However, as King Robert's known wife Béatrix de Vermandois could not have been the mother of his daughter Adela (married to the brother of Béatrix) it is assumed that this earlier marriage is correct. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[76], Robert's first wife was named AELIS. This may be based on the 21 May 907 donation of Rebais abbey to the church of Paris which refers to "comitis Rotberti et Adele comitisse"[77]. However, as shown below, this is more likely to refer to Robert and his daughter than to his wife.

m secondly ([897]) BEATRIX de Vermandois, daughter of HERIBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois & his wife --- ([880/83]-after 26 Mar 931). The Historia Francorum Senonensis records that "sororem Herberti" was the wife of "Robertus princeps" who rebelled against Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[78]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[79]. "Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in his charter dated 26 Mar 931[80]. The marriage date is estimated by Werner on the assumption that the marriage accompanied the political reconciliation between Beatrix's father and Robert's uncle[81]. If the 907 donation mentioned above in fact refers to Robert's first wife, his marriage to Beatrix would of course have taken place after that date.

King Robert I & his first wife had one child:

1. [ADELA] (before 898-). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "comitis Heriberti gener…Roberti" and in a later passage to the sister of "dux Hugo Cappatus" as the wife of "comitis Heriberti de Peroni, Campanie et Veromandie" but does not name her[82]. Her origin is confirmed by Flodoard naming "Hugo dux cum nepotibus suis, Heriberti filiis" in 943[83]. Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her first child in [915]. Her name is deduced as follows. The 21 May 907 donation of Rebais abbey to the church of Paris refers to "comitis Rotberti et Adele comitisse"[84]. Although this phrasing usually indicates husband and wife, Settipani suggests that the chronology of the life of King Robert's son Hugues (attested as Robert's son by his second wife Beatrix) favours his birth, and therefore his father's second marriage, well before 907, which would mean "Adele" could not have been Robert's wife. This reasoning appears based firstly on Hugues already being married in [914], and secondly on the probability of his having reached the age of majority when he was recognised as duke in 922. The 907 document is therefore explained as referring to Robert and his elder daughter. The issue, however, is not beyond doubt, especially if the document in question was misdated. m (before 21 May 907) HERIBERT [II] Comte de Vermandois, son of HERIBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois[-Carolingian] & his wife [Lietgardis] --- ([880]-23 Feb 943, bur Saint Quentin).

King Robert I & his [first/second] wife had one child:

2. EMMA (-2 Nov 934). Flodoard names "Emma regis Rotberti filia" when recording that she obliged Seulf Archbishop of Reims to consecrate her as queen at Reims in 923 in the absence of her husband fighting[85]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Emmam…sororem…magni Hugonis" as wife of "Rodulfus, Richardi ducis Burgundiæ filius", suggesting that she was instrumental in persuading her brother to support her husband's accession as king[86]. "Emme nostri imperii consortis" and "Emma coniux mea" is named in the charters of "Rodolfus Francorum rex" dated 21 Jun 931 and 1 Jul 931[87]. There is no indication whether Emma was born from her father's first or second marriage. From a chronological point of view, it appears that both cases are possible. Flodoard records the death of "Emma regina" at the end of his passage dated 934[88]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "IV Non Nov" of "domna Emma regina"[89]. m ([911/19]) RODOLPHE [Raoul] Comte de Bourgogne, son of RICHARD “le Justicier” Duke of Burgundy & his wife Adélais d’Auxerre [Welf] (-Auxerre, Yonne 15/16 Jan 936, bur Abbaye de Sainte-Colombe de Sens). Flodoard names "Rodulfo filio Richardi"[90]. He is named "Rodulfo rex filio meo" in the grant of "Adeleydis comitissa soror Rodulfi" to Cluny dated 14 Jun 929[91]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Rodulfus, Richardi ducis Burgundiæ filius"[92]. He succeeded his father in 921 as Duke of Burgundy. He was elected as RAOUL King of France in 13 Jul 923 at Soissons to succeed his father-in-law, consecrated by Gauthier Archbishop of Sens at the abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons. Flodoard records in 923 that, after King Charles III had retreated "trans Mosam", “Rodulfum...regem...[filius Richardi]” was elected and consecrated “apud urbem Suessonicam”[93]. Flodoard records in 936 (as the second report in that year) the death of “rex Rodulfus” and his burial “Senonis apud sanctam Columbam”[94]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "Rodulfo rege", specifying his burial "in basilica aanctæ Columbæ"[95]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 14 Jan of "Rodulphus rex"[96].

King Robert I & his second wife had one child:

3. HUGUES ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[97]. He was installed as HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs in 936.

- see below, Part B.

B. DUCS des FRANCS 936-987

HUGUES “le Grand”, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Beatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodbertus dux” married “sororem Herberti” by whom he had “Hugonem Magnum”[98]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[99]. "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis, qui erat pater Hugonis postea Francorum ducus" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100]. Rodulfus Glaber names "Hugo filius Rotberti, Parisiorum comitis", commenting on the obscurity of his ancestry[101]. He was recognised by the king as heir to his father’s lands in 914. Flodoard records in 922 that, after King Charles III had returned [from “Lotharingia”] to Laon, "Hugo filius Rotberti" arrived “post pascha super Vidulam...ubi apud villam Finimas”[102]. Flodoard records in 922 that "Rotbertus" sent “filium suum Hugonem” with an army of Franks “in regnum Lotharii...propter Capraemontum Gislberti castrum” where he relieved the siege led by King Charles and returned after accepting hostages “a quibusdam Lothariensibus”[103]. He declined the succession to the throne of France on the death of his father in 923, when his brother-in-law Raoul Duke of Burgundy was elected king. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "l´abbé Hugues" granted "la ville de Mons…dans le pays de Melun" to "la reine Emma sa sœur, fille du roi Robert" by charter dated 926[104]. On the death of King Raoul, Hugues once more declined the succession, instead negotiating the return from England of the Carolingian Prince Louis, son of King Charles III “le Simple”, who was his wife's nephew and whom he installed as King Louis IV. Hugo rector Abbatiæ sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostræ domnæ Beatricis" in a charter dated 26 Mar 931[105]. "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[106]. The position of power acquired by Hugues is confirmed by the title dux francorum/Duc des Francs used in charters dated 25 Jul 936 and 25 Dec 936[107], and the king's references to him as “notre second dans tous nos royaumes”. Disputes between Hugues and the king quickly followed. On the death of King Louis IV in 954, Hugues was confirmed as Duc des Francs. He was granted lordship over Burgundy and Aquitaine[108]. He only succeeded in subjugating the former, succeeding Duke Giselbert as Duke of Burgundy in Apr 956. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVI Kal Iul apud Drodingam villam" of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[109]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[110]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[111]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 16 Jun of "Hugo comes"[112].

m firstly ([914]) [JUDITH] du Maine, daughter of ROGER Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde [Carolingian] (before 900-925). The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte du Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[113]. The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted in the document MAINE that Rothilde's husband was Roger. She is named Judith in Europäische Stammtafeln[114] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. According to Settipani her name is not known[115].

m secondly ([926]) EADHILD, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of Wessex & his second wife Ælfleda (-937). Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[116]. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh". The Book of Hyde names "Ethyldam" as fourth of the six daughters of King Edward by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "pater Hugonis Capet"[117]. At the time of the couple's betrothal, her future husband sent sumptuous gifts to King Æthelstan, including spices, jewels, richly caparisoned horses, three holy relics and a gold crown[118].

m thirdly ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) HEDWIG of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]). "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[119]. Rodulfus Glauber names "sororem [=Otto] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[120]. Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording their marriage in 938[121]. Flodoard also refers to "relicta Hugonis" as "amita Lotharius rex"[122]. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[123]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[124].

Mistress (1): RAINGARDE [Ringare], daughter of ---. The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda" as bishop of Auxerre from 971 to 995[125]. The same source names "Johannes natione Autissiodorensis, patre Ansaldo, matre Raingarde" as bishop of Auxerre from 996 to 998[126]. The same name in the same area suggests the possibility that Raingarde, mistress of Duke Hugues, was the same person as the wife of Ansoud [I].

Duke Hugues & his [second/third] wife had one child:

1. BEATRIX (-23 Sep 1003). Flodoard refers to "Hugonis principis filiam" marrying "Fredericus, frater Adalberonis episcopi" in 954[127]. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Beatricis, Hugonis Capitonis Francorum regis sororis" as wife of "ducis Frederici"[128]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "sororem [Otto filius Hugo rex…dux Burgundie]…Beatricem" as wife of "Fridericus dux Mosellanorum"[129]. There is no proof of the identity of the mother of Beatrix, although it is unlikely that she was the daughter of her father's first wife given the date of her marriage. She acted as regent of Upper Lotharingia for her son Duke Thierry I from 978 to 987, taking an active part in the government of the duchy. She intervened with her brother Hugues Capet over the capture of her son by French troops during the siege of Verdun in 985, and actively attempted to resolve the Franco/German conflict over Lotharingia by diplomatic means. She was imprisoned in an abbey by her son, impatient to assume personal rule, but the Pope obliged him to release her. She visited the monastery of Saint-Dié in 1003 with her family[130]. m (Betrothed 951, [10 Sep/12 Nov] 954) FREDERIC Comte, son of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau, Pfalzgraf & his wife Cunegondis --- ([910/15]-[Jun/Jul] 978). He was installed in 959 as FREDERIC I Duke of Upper Lotharingia.

Duke Hugues & his third wife had four children:

2. HUGUES ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio…illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone…sorore"[131]. He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987.

- see below.

3. EMMA ([943]-after 18 Mar 968). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage in 956 of "Richardus filius Guillelmi principis Normannorum" with "filiam Hugonis ducis", although she is not named[132]. Guillaume of Jumièges records the betrothal of “Hugo dux...filiam suam...Emmam” and “puerum Richardum”, with the consent of “Bernardi Silvanectensis”, and in a later passage their marriage[133]. No direct proof has yet been found that Emma was the daughter of her father's third marriage. However, this is likely given that betrothals at the time normally took place when the female partner was still a child or in early adolescence. Guillaume of Jumièges records the death without children of “Emma uxor eius filia Hugonis Magni”[134]. m (Betrothed 956, Rouen 960) as his first wife, RICHARD I “Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie], GUILLAUME "Longuespée" Comte [de Normandie] & his first wife Sprota --- (Fécamp [932]-Fécamp 20 Nov 996, bur Fécamp). Regent of France 956-960.

4. OTTON [Eudes] ([945]-23 Feb 965, bur Saint-Germain d’Auxerre). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum…ex filia Odonis regis"[135]. Comte d’Auxerre. On the death of his father-in-law in 956, Lothaire King of France installed Eudes as Duke of Burgundy at Beaune.

- DUKES of BURGUNDY.

5. EUDES [Odo] ([948]-Château de Pouilly-sur-Saône 15 Oct 1002, bur Auxerre). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum…ex filia Odonis regis"[136]. Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[137]. He adopted the name HENRI, and the title Duke of Burgundy.

- DUKES of BURGUNDY.

Duc Hugues "le Grand" had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

6. HERIBERT (-Château de Toucy 23 Aug[138] 996 or after, bur Church of Notre-Dame d'Auxerre). The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda", specifying that he died "apud castrum Tociacum"[139]. Bishop of Auxerre 8 Jan 971, until 996 when he was replaced by "Joannes natione Autissiodorensis patre Ansaldo matre Raingarda"[140]. Bouchard speculates that Héribert's successor may therefore have been his uterine half-brother[141].

C. KINGS OF FRANCE 987-1328

HUGUES, son of HUGUES “le Grand” Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum…ex filia Odonis regis"[142]. Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[143]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio…illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone…sorore"[144]. His father named Richard Comte [de Normandie] as Hugues's guardian in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to the sister of Hugues. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[145]. He was installed as Duc des Francs/dux Francorum by Lothaire King of the West Franks in 960. By 974, Hugues had become effective leader of France under King Lothaire and headed the army which retook the kingdom of Lotharingia from Otto II King of Germany in 978[146]. He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987, after the death of Louis V King of France. He was consecrated at Noyon 1 Jun 987. Charles Duke of Lotharingia, the late king's uncle who opposed the accession of King Hugues, captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, with the help of his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims, but was finally captured at Laon in 991[147]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death in 998 of "Hugo rex" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[148]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Hugo rex"[149].

m ([968]) ADELAIS [de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME III “Tête d'Etoupes” Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME I Comte de Poitou] & his wife Adela [Gerloc] de Normandie] ([950/55]-15 Jun [1004]). There is some doubt about Adelais´s ancestry. The 11th century Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum names "Adelaide…filia Pictavorum comitis, de progenie Caroli Magni" as the wife of "Hugone, Francorum duce", clarifying that the latter refers to Hugues "Capet" King of France when it names "Roberto…rege, memorati ducis filio"[150]. This Poitevin origin is also suggested by Richer when he records that King Robert "ob nepotem suum Wilelmum" besieged "in Aquitania…Hildebertum"[151]. It is assumed that such a relationship between King Robert and Duke Guillaume would be through the king's mother as no family connection through his father has been established. Some doubt is introduced by the Chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes which recounts the dispute between "Dux Aquitanorum Willelmus" and King Hugues, as well as the subsequent peace agreed between the parties in 990, without mentioning that the duke was the king's brother-in-law[152], all the more surprising if the Poitevin origin is correct as Ademar concentrates on Poitevin affairs and includes genealogical details in his narrative. Another possible ancestry is suggested by Helgaud's Vita Roberti Regis which names "Rex Francorum Rotbertus…patre Hugone, matre Adhelaide", specifying that "ab Ausonis partibus descenderat"[153]. Settipani equates "Ausonia" with Rome or Italy[154], although no other reference to an Italian origin for Adelais has yet been identified. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "rex Francorum Robertus" as "superiorem regum Anglie soror"[155], but it is difficult to see to whom this could refer or how it could be correct. The paucity of references in contemporary sources to the wife of Hugues Capet and her origin contrasts with the frequent references to his mother and to the wives of his son King Robert II. This suggests that the background of Queen Adelais may have been obscure and that her family had little political influence at the time, although this would be surprising as her husband already enjoyed a position of some power at the Carolingian court at the time of his marriage. Maybe her family was prominent when the couple married but suffered a subsequent decline by the time her husband was elected king. Nevertheless, an Aquitainian marriage would have fitted the political circumstances of the time. After several decades of dispute between the Capet and Poitou families, a permanent peace appears to have been established from about the time the marriage took place[156]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Adelaidis regina"[157].

[Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Hugues's possible mistress is not known.]

King Hugues & his wife had three children:

1. GISELA de France ([970][158]-). The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the château d'Abbeville "à un chevalier nommé Hugues" who had married the king's daughter "Gisèle"[159]. m (before 987) HUGUES ---, son of --- (-4 Jul [1000]). Hugues Capet King of France separated Abbeville, Ancre and Domart from the Abbaye de Saint-Riquier and gave them to Hugues, who was known as the avoué de Saint-Riquier[160]. These territories became the foundation of the county of Ponthieu.

2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([969][161]-after 1013). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[162]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "soror regis Roberti Hadwidis" as wife of "Rainero comiti de Hainaco, fratri Lamberti comitis de Lovanio"[163]. Sigebert's Chronica records in 977 that "Raginerus" married "Hathuidem filiam Hugonis postea regis"[164]. "Comes Raginerus et Hathuidis coniux" are named in the Gesta of Gembloux Abbey[165]. Her brother gave her the towns of Couvin, Fraisne, Nîme, Eve and Bens [all now in Belgium] as her dowry on her marriage. "Raginero comite…et Hathuidis coniunx eius" donated property at Gion to Gembloux by charter dated to [1013][166]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" took into his protection the abbey of Florennes founded by "Gerardus…in primis meus capellanus postea…Cameracensis episcopus effectus et fratres sui Godefridus et Arnulphus" by charter dated 1018, which refers to earlier donations of property by "comitissa Hawidis, annuentibus filiis suis comite Raginero et Lamberto"[167]. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Florennes abbey by charter dated 1033, which records among others the donation of "comitissa Hadegundis, annuentibus comite Raginero et Lamberto filiis suis…in Prona sita in pago Haynomensi"[168]. The identity of "comitissa Hawidis/Hadegundis", and therefore the existence of Lambert, supposed brother of Reginar [V] Comte de Hainaut, is not certain. Hedwige, wife of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut, is the most obvious candidate. If this is correct, the donation must have been made after her husband's death in 1013 as he is not named in the document. The other possibility is that the donor was the mother of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut and his brother Lambert [I] Comte de Louvain. However, the name of the wife of their father, Reginar [III] Graf im Maasgau, is recorded elsewhere as Adela (see the document BRABANT). m ([996]) REGINAR IV Comte de Hainaut, son of REGINAR [III] Graf im Maasgau & his wife Adela [von Dachsburg] (after 947-1013).

3. ROBERT de France (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[169]. He was consecrated Associate-King 25 Dec 987, Cathedral of Sainte-Croix d’Orléans. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France.

- see below.

King Hugues had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

4. [GAUCELIN (-Châtillon Priory 1030, bur Fleury). Ademar refers to "abbatem Gauzlenum" being ordained at "sancti Benedicti" by "Rex Rotbertus". The text continues by explaining that he was "nobilissimi Francorum principis filius manzer, a puero in monasterio sancti Benedicti nutritus", specifying that "rex supra scriptus [=Rotbertus]" later installed him as "archiepiscopum Bituricensibus" after the death of Archbishop Dagbert[170]. André de Fleury´s Vita Gauzlini records that “Gauzlinus” was “ex liberiori totius Galliæ stirpe fertur ingenuam genituram excepisse”[171]. These oblique references have been interpreted as meaning that the father of Gauzlin was King Hugues "Capet"[172], although this is not beyond doubt. Kerrebrouck also casts doubt on this assumed paternity of Gauzlin[173]. Abbot of Fleury [1005]. Archbishop of Bourges 1013. André de Fleury´s Vita Gauzlini records the death of Gaucelin “Castellionis” and in a later passage his burial “Floriacum”[174].]

The precise relationship between the following person and the family of the Capetian kings has not been established. Maybe he was related through the wife of King Hugues “Capet”.

1. INGO (-29 Jan 1026). The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records that “Ingo Abbas sancti Martini –aciacensis et sancti Germani Parisiensis, consanguineus…Regis” succeeded as abbot of “sancti Petri Vivi” in 1015[175]. The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records the death “1026 IV Kal Feb” of “Ingo Abbas”[176].

ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES “Capet” King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].

m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].

m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].

m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].

King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children:

1. [CONSTANCE . There is no proof that Constance, wife of Manassès de Dammartin, was the daughter of King Robert II, the affiliation being proposed for onomastic reasons only[221]. The connection is suggested by the presence of the king and queen at a donation by "Manasses comes" dated 4 Feb 1031[222]. On the other hand, Rodolfus Glaber records that King Robert had two daughters by his wife Constance[223], presumably referring to Hedwige and Adela, so ignoring any daughter named Constance. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[224], the wife of Manassès was "Constance [de Dammartin]", presumably on the theory that she brought her husband the county of Dammartin. m ([1023 or before]) MANASSES Comte de Dammartin-en-Goële, son of [HILDUIN [I] de Montdidier Seigneur de Ramerupt & his wife ---] (-killed in battle Ornel, near Etain, Bar-le-Duc 15 Nov or 15 Dec 1037).]

2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([1003]-5 Jun after 1063). Rodolfus Glaber records that "Rainaldus…Landrici comitis filius" married a daughter of King Robert[225]. The Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis names "Adelaidem…Rainaldi comitis Nivernensis uxorem" as the daughter of King Robert and his wife Constance[226]. The Historia Nivernensium Comitum records that the wife of "Renaldum" was "sorori Regis Roberti, filii Hugonis Capitonis"[227]. The Annales Vizeliacenses also specifies that Renaud's wife was the sister not daughter of King Robert II[228]. However, this is chronologically unlikely given that King Robert and his known sisters were born in the 970s, more than twenty years before the earliest possible date of birth of Comte Renaud. Her marriage was agreed by her father as part of his alliance with Landry Comte de Nevers after capturing Auxerre, which the king gave to his daughter as dowry[229]. "Rainaldus comes Nivernensis" donated property "Belmontis" to Cluny, for the souls of "…uxoris mee Advise…" by charter dated to [1028/40][230]. She founded the abbeys of Crisenon and Issenon. m (1006, soon after 25 Jan 1016) RENAUD [I] de Nevers, son of LANDRY Comte de Nevers & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne-Comté (-killed in battle Sainte-Vertu, Yonne 29 May 1040, bur Auxerre, Saint-Germain). He succeeded his father in 1028 as Comte de Nevers. He was killed in battle against Robert I Duke of Burgundy, his brother-in-law.

3. HUGUES de France (1007-28 Aug 1025, bur Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[231]. He was consecrated associate-king 9 Jun 1017, at Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille, when he was "barely ten years old" according to Rodolfus Glaber[232]. He rebelled against his father claiming the full authority of his position as associate-king, but later submitted[233]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex Francorum"[234]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex"[235]. Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial[236].

4. HENRI de France ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[237]. He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France.

- see below.

5. ROBERT de France ([1011/12]-church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, Côte d’Or 18 Mar 1076, bur Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, Côte d’Or). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[238]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Heinricus rex…germanium suum Rotbertum" when recording the latter's installation as duke of Burgundy by his brother[239]. His mother supported him as candidate to be consecrated associate king in 1027, in place of his older brother Henri who was supported by their father. His father named him heir to the duchy of Burgundy in 1030. He was installed as ROBERT I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy in 1032 by his brother King Henri I.

- DUKES of BURGUNDY.

6. EUDES de France ([1013]-Germigny-des-Prés, near Sully, Loiret 15 May [1057/59]). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[240]. He allied himself with Eudes II Comte de Blois in the war against his brother Henri I King of France 1034-1041. He was defeated and imprisoned at Orléans. After his release, he fought for the king in Normandy, but was defeated in 1054 at Mortemer. Orderic Vitalis records the war between the Normans and "Henricum regem" in 1054 when "Odonem fratrem suum" was defeated by "Roberti Aucensis comiitis et Rogerii de Mortuomari" who led the Norman forces "apud Mortuum-mare"[241]. He owned land near Bellême[242]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Mai" of "Odo Roberti regis filius"[243].

7. ADELA de France (-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur Messines, Benedictine monastery). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "soror…regis Henrici Adela" as wife of "Balduino Insulano"[244]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Alam comitissam Flandrensem" as the daughter of King Robert[245]. She is named as daughter of King Robert in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also refers to her marriage[246]. Kerrebrouck mentions her betrothal to Duke Richard "très jeune" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[247]. "Richardus Nortmannorum dux" agreed grants of property to "Adela" on the occasion of their marriage by charter dated Jan 1026, which does not specify her parentage[248]. Her father gave her the seigneurie of Corbie as her dowry. Ctss de Contenance. She founded the Benedictine monastery at Messines near Ypres. Philippe I King of France donated “villam in pago Parisiacensi sitam...Curtesiolum” to Saint-Denis, at the request of “amita mea soror...patris mei H...Adela”, by charter dated 1060, after 4 Aug[249]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Jan" of "Adelaidis comitissa"[250]. Betrothed (Jan 1027) to RICHARD III Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Bretagne ([1001]-6 Aug 1027). m (Amiens 1028) BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN IV "le Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" Count of Flanders & his first wife Ogive de Luxembourg ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille, Saint-Pierre). He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN V “le Pieux/Insulanus” Count of Flanders. He was regent of France for his nephew Philippe I King of France 1060-1066/67.

HENRI de France, son of ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France & his third wife Constance d'Arles [Provence] ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[251]. His father installed him as Duke of Burgundy 25 Jan 1016 after completing his conquest of the duchy[252]. He was consecrated associate-king 14 May 1027, at Notre-Dame, Reims, despite the opposition of his mother. He rebelled against his father, together with his brother Robert, 1029-1031, and captured Dreux, Beaune and Avallon[253]. He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France, at which time the duchy of Burgundy was given to his younger brother Robert. In light of his mother’s continuing opposition to his succession, he was obliged to take refuge briefly in Normandy in 1033. He regained control with the help of Robert II Duke of Normandy. A fragmentary chronicle records the death “Vitriaci” in 1059 of “Ainricus”[254]. The Chronicle of Saint-Pierre de Sens records the death in 1060 “apud Vitriacum castrum in Brieria” of “Rex Hainricus” and his burial “in Basilica S. Dionysii”[255]. Merlet reviews all these sources but, based on other documentation, concludes that the king must have died at Dreux[256]. He refers to the charter of King Henri dated 1060 at Dreux (“Drocis castro”), under which the king confirmed the foundation of the priory of Saint-Germain de Brezolles, which records the presence of Agobert Bishop of Chartres and various other members of the chapter of Chartres[257]. Merlet refers to Orderic Vitalis who states that at the end of his life the king was treated by a doctor, also from Chartres “Joanne...Surdus cognominabatur”, but died suddenly from the effects of drinking water against the medical advice[258]. He then highlights the supplementary addition at the end of the charter in question which states that “post mortem patris, Philippus rex cum matre regina” signed the document “Drocis castro in sua aula”[259]. This addition is dated “anno secundo sui regni”, but Merlet attributes the delay to the lapse of time which in medieval times frequently occurred between the action and finalising the corresponding documentation, a practice which is discussed in detail by Giry[260]. The monastery of Saint-Denis´s Historia Regum Francorum records that King Henri died “civitate Senonis”[261]. The Annales Nivernenses record the death "1060 II Non Aug" of "Henricus rex, Rotberti regis filius"[262]. The necrology of the Eglise Cathédrale de Paris records the death "IV Non Aug" of "Henrici regis Francorum"[263]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Non Aug" of "Henricus rex"[264]. The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 4 Aug of "Henricus rex Franciæ"[265].

Betrothed (May 1033) to MATHILDE of Germany, daughter of Emperor KONRAD II King of Germany & his wife Gisela of Swabia ([Oosterbecke] 1027[266]-Worms 1034, bur Worms Cathedral). Wipo names "filia imperatoris Chuonradi et Giselæ, Mahthilda" when recording her death and burial at Worms in 1034, specifying that she was betrothed to "Heinrico regi Francorum"[267]. Her marriage was arranged to confirm a peace agreement between King Henri and Emperor Konrad at Deville in May 1033[268]. Her absence from the list of deceased relatives in the donation of "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" to the church of Worms by charter dated 30 Jan 1034 suggests that Mathilde died after that date, while her absence from the list of the children of Emperor Konrad named in the same charter may be explained by her youth[269].

m firstly (1034) MATHILDE, daughter of --- ([1025/26]-Paris 1044, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Rodolfus Glaber records that King Henri married "Mathildem…de regno eius ex Germanie nobilioribus"[270]. Her precise origin is not known. A manuscript entitled "Excerptum Historicum" records the marriage of "rex Henricus" and "neptem Henrici Alamannorum Imperatoris", commenting that the couple had a daughter who died young and that King Henri's wife died soon after[271]. The Historia of Monk Aimon records that King Henri married "neptem Henrici Alamaniæ Imperatoris" in 1034[272]. Szabolcs de Vajay[273] suggests that she was Mathilde, daughter of Liudolf Markgraf von Friesland [Braunschweig] & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim, her supposed father being the uterine half-brother of Emperor Heinrich III. The Historia Francica records the death in 1044 of "Mahildis Regina"[274]. The Miracula Sancti Bernardi records the death in Paris in 1044 of "Mahildis regina…ex Cæsarum progenie", and her burial "monasterio Sancti Dionysii"[275].

m secondly (Reims 19 May 1051) as her first husband, ANNA Iaroslavna, daughter of IAROSLAV I Vladimirovich "Mudriy/the Wise" Grand Prince of Kiev & his second wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir of Sweden (1036-5 Sep ([1075/78], bur Abbaye Villiers near La-Ferté-Alais). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam regis Russorum Annam" with King Henri[276]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Henricus…Francorum rex" married "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russiæ filiam"[277]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Anna filia Georgii regis Sclavonum" as wife of King Henri[278]. She was consecrated Queen Consort at Reims on her wedding day. She caused a scandal by marrying secondly ([1061]) as his third wife, Raoul [III] Comte de Valois, and was forced to leave the court, although she returned after his death in 1074[279]. The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "Anna, Henrici relicta" and "Rodulfo comitis"[280].

King Henri I & his first wife had one child:

1. daughter ([1040]-1044 or before). A manuscript entitled "Excerptum Historicum" records the marriage of "rex Henricus" and "neptem Henrici Alamannorum Imperatoris", commenting that the couple had a daughter who died young[281]. She died before her mother, under 5 years old[282].

King Henri I & his second wife had four children:

2. PHILIPPE de France (1052-Château de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye Saint Benoît-sur-Loire). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[283]. He was consecrated Associate-King 23 May 1059, Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims. He succeeded his father in 1060 as PHILIPPE I King of France.

- see below.

3. EMMA de France (1054-). The Historia Francorum names "Emmamque filiam" in addition to the three sons of King Henri and Anna[284].

4. ROBERT de France (before Jun 1054-[1063]). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri & Anna, specifying that "Rotbertus inmatura morte decessit"[285]. This is confirmed by the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines which names (in order) "Philippum, Robertum et Hugonam" as the three sons of King Henri, specifying that "Robertus iuvenis mortuus est"[286].

5. HUGUES de France (1057-Tarsus 18 Oct 1102, bur Tarsus, church of St Paul). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[287]. William of Tyre records "dominus Hugo Magnus" as brother of Philippe I King of France[288]. Orderic Vitalis names "Philippum et Hugonem Magnum Crispeii comitem" as the children of "Henricus…Francorum rex" and his wife "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russiæ filiam"[289]. Comte de Vermandois et de Valois by right of his wife. Leader of the French contingent in the First Crusade Aug 1096. Albert of Aix records that "Hugonem Magnum fratrem regis Franciæ, Drogonem et Clareboldum" were held in chains in prison by the emperor at Constantinople but were released after the intervention of "Baldewinus Hainaucorum comes et Heinricus de Ascha" who were sent as envoys by Godefroi de Bouillon[290]. He returned to France after the victory of Antioch 1098 to raise another army. The Alexeiad names "a certain Hugh, brother of the king of France" when recording that he "sent an absurd message to the emperor proposing that he should be given a magnificent reception" after arriving in Constantinople[291]. He set out again Mar 1101, but died from wounds received fighting the Greeks at Tarsus in Cilicia.

- COMTES de VERMANDOIS.

PHILIPPE de France, son of HENRI I King of France & his second wife Anna Iaroslavna of Kiev (1052-Château de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye de Saint Benoît-sur-Loire[292]). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[293]. Orderic Vitalis names "Philippum et Hugonem Magnum Crispeii comitem" as the children of "Henricus…Francorum rex" and his wife "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russiæ filiam"[294]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the birth in 1052 of "rex futurus regis Francorum Henrici filius ex Anna filia Georgii regis Sclavonum"[295]. He was consecrated associate-king 23 May 1059, at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims: the Hugonis Floriacensis Actum records the consecration in 1058 of “rex...Henricus...Philippum filium suum duodennum” at “Remis a Gervasio archiepiscopo”, in the presence of “duo Nicholai papæ legati, Hugo...Bisunciensis archiepiscopus et Hermenfredus Sedunensis episcopus”[296]. His father entrusted his education to his uncle Baldwin V Count of Flanders, who later became regent until 1066/67. He succeeded his father in 1060 as PHILIPPE I King of France. The Bertholdi Annales record in 1060 the death of “Heinricus Galliarum rex” and the succession of “filius eius Philippus adhuc puer regnum cum matre gubernandum suscepit”[297]. Consecrated 25 Dec 1071 at Laon, again 16 May 1098 at Tours, and for a fourth time 25 Dec 1100 at Reims. Foulques IV "le Rechin" Comte d'Anjou ceded Château-Landon and Gâtinais to him in 1069, in return for the king's recognition of his accession as count[298]. King Philippe pursued this policy of expanding his territories, adding Corbie in 1074, acquiring part of Vermandois on the death of Raoul Comte de Vermandois in 1074, invading Vexin in 1077, and taking possession of Bourges in 1100[299]. In 1071, after ineffectively helping Arnoul III Count of Flanders against his uncle Robert, the latter made peace with King Philippe and arranged the king's marriage to his stepdaughter. The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii records the death "apud Milidunum IV Kal Aug" of King Philippe and his burial "in ecclesia sancti Benedicti super Ligerim in pago Aurelianensi"[300]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "III Kal Aug" of "Philippus rex Francorum"[301]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Kal Aug" of "Philippus rex"[302].

Betrothed ([1055/59]) to JUDITH [Maria/Sophia] of Germany, daughter of Emperor HEINRICH III King of Germany & his second wife Agnès de Poitou ([1054]-14 Mar [1092/96], bur Admont Abbey). The Gesta Hungarorum records that King András forced the marriage of "Salomoni regi" and "Henricus imperator…Sophiam suam filiam", specifying that she had earlier been betrothed to "filio regis Franciæ"[303]. This could only refer to the future Philippe I King of France as it is unlikely that the emperor's daughter would have been betrothed to his younger brother. This betrothal is not corroborated in the western European primary sources so far consulted.

m firstly (1072, repudiated 1092) BERTHA of Holland, daughter of FLORIS I Count of Holland & his wife Gertrud of Saxony[-Billung] ([1058]-Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais 15 Oct 1094). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam ducis Frisiæ" and "rex Philippus"[304]. The Historia Francorum names "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam" as wife of King Philippe[305]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium…et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife, specifying that "Machtildim" married "Philippus rex Francie" after the death of her father which indicates that "Machtildim" in this text is an error for Bertha[306]. Her marriage was arranged as part of the settlement under which her future husband recognised her stepfather as Count of Flanders[307]. She was repudiated after King Philippe abducted Bertrade de Montfort from her husband, and was sent to Montreuil[308]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Victor records the death "Id Oct" of "Berta mater Ludovici regis"[309]. Clarius’s Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records the death in 1094 of “Berta regina, quæ a rege Philippo prius fuerat derelicta”[310].

m secondly (Paris 1092, before 27 Oct) as her second husband, BERTRADE de Montfort, fifth wife of FOULQUES IV “le Réchin” Comte d’Anjou, daughter of SIMON [I] de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agnès d’Evreux (-Fontevrault end-1115/1116, bur church of the priory of Hautes-Bruyères, Saint-Rémy-l’Honoré, Yvelines). Orderic Vitalis records that “Bertrada...Andegavorum comitissa”, fearing that her husband was about to treat her like his previous two wives, sought protection from “Philippo regi Francorum” who repudiated his own wife and married her, the ceremony being conducted by “Odo Bajocensis episcopus”[311]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses names "Fulconi Richin Andegavensi comiti uxorem suam nomine Bertradam" as second wife of King Philippe, specifying that the king abducted her from her first husband after repudiating his first wife[312]. William of Tyre records this marriage[313]. Pope Urban II at the Council of Autun excommunicated the king 16 Oct 1094, confirmed at the Council of Clermont 18/28 Nov 1095[314]. The church finally admitted the validity of the marriage after the Council of Paris 2 Dec 1104[315]. Orderic Vitalis alleges that Bertrade tried to poison her stepson Louis so her own sons could succeed to the throne[316]. "Fulco iunior Andegavensium comes Fulconis comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud with the consent of "Bertrade regina matre meo, Philipo fratre meo" by charter dated to [1109/1112/13][317].

King Philippe I & his first wife had three children:

1. CONSTANCE de France ([1078]-14 Sep 1126[318]). Orderic Vitalis names "Ludovicum-Tedbaldum et Constantiam" as the children of Philippe I King of France and his wife "Bertrandam, Florentii Frisiorum ducis filiam"[319]. The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis", specifying that Constance married firstly "Hugoni Trecharum comiti", from whom she was separated for consanguinity, and secondly "Boamundo apud Carnotho"[320]. Orderic Vitalis records that King Philippe married “Constantiam...filiam suam” firstly to “Hugonis Trecassino comiti” and secondly to “duci Antiochiæ Buamundo apud Carnotum”[321]. "Hugo comes Campanie Teotbaldi comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Molesme by charter dated 2 Apr 1104, which names "frater meus Odo comes, Constantiam regis Francorum filiam necnon et comitissam Adelaidem uxorem fratris mei comitis Stephani nepotes…" and is subscribed by "Teotbaldus puer filius Stephani comitis nepos huius comitis Hugonis"[322]. William of Tyre names her, and her father, when he records her (second) marriage[323]. Suger's Vita Ludovici records the marriage of "Antiochenum principem Boamundum" and "domini Ludovici…sororem Constantiam" at Chartres, mentioning her previous marriage to "comitem Trecensem Hugonem"[324]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Costance la fille le roy de Franche" as wife of "Beymont" son of "Robert Guichart qui conquest Puille"[325]. Her second marriage was arranged by Adela Ctss de Blois while Prince Bohémond was in France canvassing support against Byzantium. After her second marriage, she remained with her husband in Apulia and never visited Palestine[326]. She was regent for her son in Italy after the death of her second husband[327]. She claimed the title "Queen" as daughter of the king of France. The Romoaldi Annales record that "regina Constancia" was captured by "comite Alexandro et Grimoaldo Barense in Umenatia civitate" and taken to Bari in Aug, dated to 1119[328]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that "reginam Boamundi" was freed from Bari in 1120, after the intercession of Pope Calixtus II[329]. m firstly ([1093/95], annulled Soissons 25 Dec 1104 on grounds of consanguinity[330]) as his first wife, HUGUES de Blois Comte de Troyes, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Blois & his third wife Alix de Crépy-Valois (-Palestine 14 Jun 1126). m secondly (Chartres [25 Mar/26 May] 1106) BOHEMOND I Prince of Antioch, son of ROBERT “Guiscard” Duke of Apulia and Calabria [Sicily] & his first wife Alberada di Buonalberga (1052-Canosa di Puglia, Apulia 6/7 Mar 1111, bur Cathedral of Canosa di Puglia).

2. LOUIS THIBAUT de France (Paris end 1081-Château Bethizy near Paris 1 Aug 1137, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis"[331]. He succeeded his father in 1108 as LOUIS VI "le Gros" King of France.

- see below.

3. HENRI de France (1083-young). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Ludowicum et filiam Constantiam [atque Henricum]" as the children of King Philippe and "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam"[332].

King Philippe I & his second wife had [four] children:

4. PHILIPPE de France ([1093]-[2 Sep] after 1133). The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem"[333]. Orderic Vitalis names “Philippum et Florum” as the children of King Philippe by his second marriage[334]. He succeeded as Seigneur de Montlhéry in 1104 by right of his wife. His half-brother installed him as Comte de Mantes and Seigneur de Mehun-sur-Yèvre in [1104]. Suger's Vita Ludovici records the rebellion of "regis Ludovici Philippus frater" against his brother, supported by "Amalricus de Monte Forti…avunculus eius" and "Fulco comes Andegavensis postea rex Hierosolymitanus frater eius", and the confiscation of his castles of Montlhéry and Mantes[335]. "Fulco iunior Andegavensium comes Fulconis comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud with the consent of "Bertrade regina matre meo, Philipo fratre meo" by charter dated to [1109/1112/13][336]. The necrology of Saint-Germain L'Auxerrois records the death "IV Non Sep" of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis"[337], which may refer to Philippe Comte de Mantes. m (1104) ELISABETH de Montlhéry Dame de Montlhéry, daughter and heiress of GUY [III] “Troussel” Seigneur de Montlhéry et de Chevreuse & his [first/second wife Adelaide ---/Mabile ---] (-after 3 Mar 1141). The Chronica Regum Francorum records the betrothal of "unus illorum Regis illegitimus ex comitissa Andegavensi" and "filiam…Milonis de Montlehery"[338]. The dating clause of a charter dated to [1106/07] refers to the first year in which "Philippus filius Philippi regis Francorum" married "Helizabeth filiam Guidonis Trosselli"[339].

5. FLEURI [Florus] de France ([1095]-after 1119). The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem"[340]. Orderic Vitalis names “Philippum et Florum” as the children of King Philippe by his second marriage[341]. A document dated Jul 1213 records that "rex Franciæ…Grossus rex fratrem…Florium…filia Isabellis de Nangies…domina de Venisiaco"[342]. He was living in Anjou with his mother in 1117. Seigneur de Nangis, presumably by right of his wife. m [--- de Nangis, daughter & heiress of --- de Nangis & his wife ---]. Her parentage and marriage are assumed because her daughter is called "Isabellis de Nangies" in the source quoted below. Fleuri & his wife had [two] children:

a) ISABELLE de Nangis ([1118]-[after 1166/67]). Documents dated Jul 1213 and Aug 1213, relating to the consanguinity between Erard de Brienne Seigneur de Ramerupt and his wife Philippa of Jerusalem, record "rex Franciæ…Grossus rex fratrem…Florium…filia Isabellis de Nangies…domina de Venisiaco", adding that her daughter was "domina de Venisiaco, mater…[Erardum de Rameruco] [Erardum de Brena]", another document in the series clarifying that Isabelle was the mother of "Aalaidis dominæ Venisiaci…mater…Erardi"[343]. Dame de Nangis. A charter dated to after 1151 recites the donation of “feodum de Thori” by “Symon Pichered” to Dilo abbey, confirmed by "Garnerus…de Venisiaco a quo feodum illud Symon tenebat et uxor Garini Petronilla sed et filius eius Ansellus", and a later donation confirmed by "Ansellus…de Venisiaco…et frater Anselli, Freherus, sed et uxor sua Elisabeth", as well as other donations by Anseau, Isabelle and Ferry[344]. She is named in the cartulary of Preuilly[345]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Isabelle married firstly "Guy de Marolles", adding that he joined the crusade in 1141 and died in Palestine[346]. The primary source on which this is based is not known. However, under a charter dated to [1166/67], Louis VII King of France confirmed donations of property to the abbey of Barbeau, including the donation of "apud capellam de Sarnai" made by "Guidonis de Nangiis…cum assensu uxoris sue Helisabeth" and with the consent of "Milo de Corteriaco…uxore et filiis"[347]. It is possible that "Guidonis de Nangiis" is the same person as Guy de Marolles, and that his wife "Helisabeth" was Isabelle de Nangis. If this is correct, Guy would have been Isabelle´s second husband not her first, assuming that the charter relates to then current donations. m [firstly] ([1136]) ANSEAU de Venisy, son of GARNIER de Venisy & his wife Pétronille ---. [m secondly GUY [de Marolles], son of --- (-after [1166/67]). Seigneur de Nangis, de iure uxoris.]

b) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are recorded in Europäische Stammtafeln which also states that she was "Dame de Châtel-les-Nangis"[348]. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. However, as noted above under her supposed sister Isabelle, under a charter dated to [1166/67] Louis VII King of France confirmed donations of property to the abbey of Barbeau, including the donation of "apud capellam de Sarnai" made by "Guidonis de Nangiis…cum assensu uxoris sue Helisabeth" and with the consent of "Milo de Corteriaco…uxore et filiis"[349]. The consent given by "Milo de Corteriaco" and his wife and children would be consistent with him and his wife also having an interest in the property donated, which would be the case if his wife was the sister of Isabelle de Nangis. Her husband´s connection with the Melun family has not been confirmed. m MILON [de Melun] Seigneur de Courtry, son of ---.]

6. CECILE de France ([1097]-after 1145). The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem", specifying that the (unnamed) daughter married "Tanchredus Anthiochenus"[350]. Her parentage is recorded by William of Tyre, who also records her two marriages[351]. Her first marriage was arranged while Bohémond I Prince of Antioch was visiting the French court seeking support against Alexios I Emperor of Byzantium. She sailed for Antioch end 1106[352]. While dying, Prince Tancred made Pons de Toulouse promise to marry his wife[353]. Albert of Aix records the marriage at Tripoli of "Punctus filius Bertrannus de Tripla" and "uxorem Tancredi, quæ filia erat regis Franciæ", dated to [1115] from the context[354]. William of Tyre refers to the wife of the count of Tripoli as uterine sister of Foulques King of Jerusalem and names her[355]. She claimed Jebail as her dower, but was eventually satisfied with Chastel Rouge and Arzghan[356]. She became Lady of Tarsus and Mamistra, in Cilician Armenia, in 1126[357]. "Cecilia comitissa" donated property for the souls of "domini mei Poncii comitis…et filii mei Raimundi comitis" to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem by charter dated 1139[358]. m firstly (late 1106) TANCRED Prince of Tiberias, Regent of Antioch, son of ODO [Guillaume] “le Bon” Marquis & his wife Emma de Hauteville (-12 Dec 1112). He succeeded in 1111 as Prince of Antioch. m secondly (Tripoli 1112) PONS Count of Tripoli, son of BERTRAND Comte de Toulouse and Tripoli & his second wife Hélie de Bourgogne [Capet] ([1096]-executed near Mont Pèlerin, near Tripoli Mar 1137).

7. [EUSTACHIE de France ([1095/1100]-[1143]). She and her husband are named by Kerrebrouck who cites no primary source on which the information is based[359]. Presumably this is based on Sainte-Marthe who states that “Eustache comtesse d’Estampes et de Corbeil, femme de Jean d’Estampes” is named “sœur du Roy Louys le Gros” by “Jacques du Breuil religieux de sainct Germain des Prez les Paris”, adding that the latter records that she founded the abbey of “Hierre” [Kerrebrouck says “Yerres”[360]] where she was buried[361]. Sainte-Marthe also says that “c’est d’elle que semble parler Nangis disant que le Roy Philippe I eut de Bertrade de Montfort deux fils et une fille qu’il nomme Comtesse d’Etampes”. “Nangis” has not been identified: the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis starts in 1113 during the reign of Louis VI King of France. Eustachie is not named by Père Anselme among the children of King Philippe I[362]. Could there be confusion with Eustachie, daughter of Ferry, whose second husband was Jean d’Etampes (see the document PARIS REGION NOBILITY - CORBEIL & ROCHEFORT)?. m JEAN Seigneur d'Etampes et de Corbeil, son of ---.]

King Philippe had one [probably illegitimate] child [by an unknown mistress]:

8. EUDES de France (-1096). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1096 of "Odo frater Ludovici Grossi de alia matre"[363]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[364], Eudes was the son of King Philippe & his first wife but this appears to be contradicted by Alberic. According to Kerrebrouck[365], Eudes was the son of King Philippe's second marriage but there seems little time for a third child to have been born to Bertrade de Montfort during the first three years of her marriage. It is more likely that Eudes was an illegitimate son of King Philippe.

LOUIS THIBAUT de France, son of PHILIPPE I King of France & his first wife Bertha of Holland (Paris end 1081-Château Bethizy, near Paris 1 Aug 1137, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Orderic Vitalis names "Ludovicum-Tedbaldum et Constantiam" as the children of Philippe I King of France and his wife "Bertrandam, Florentii Frisiorum ducis filiam"[366]. The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis"[367]. The difficulty of dating Louis´s birth is discussed fully by Luchaire, who opts for end 1081 as the most likely possibility[368]. Louis´s birth would be dated to [1077/78] if Suger is correct in recording that he was about sixty years old when he died[369]. The early 12th century Vita Sancti Arnulfi Bishop of Soissons by Hariulf records Louis´s birth in 1081[370]. This date is corroborated by the Chronicon S. Petri Catalaunensis which records that Louis was 26 years old when his father died in 1108[371]. His father installed him as Comte du Vexin, de Mantes et de Pontoise in 1092. He lived away from court after the repudiation of his mother. Associate-king 1098/1100, elected rex designatus by an assembly of nobles and bishops but not crowned[372]. His father transferred effective governing power to him in 1101, investing him as Comte de Vermandois between 1101 and 1105. He succeeded his father in 1108 as LOUIS VI "le Gros" King of France. According to Luchaire, the nickname "le Gros", while not contemporary, was first applied to him as early as the 12th century, including in a fragmentary manuscript which records that "Rex Francorum Ludovicus Grossus" built several churches in 1112[373]. He was consecrated 3 Aug 1108, at the Cathedral of Sainte-Croix, Orléans. Suger's Vita Ludovici records his coronation at Orléans by "Senonensis archiepiscopus Daimbertus"[374]. In 1119, Louis VI took Cluny and all its dependent priories under his protection, acquiring in return the right to build castles on the abbey’s lands with the permission of the abbot of Cluny[375]. He transferred effective power to his son at Châteauneuf-sur-Loire 28 Oct 1135, due to ill health. Suger's Vita Ludovici records the death of King Louis VI "Kal Aug" aged about sixty years old and his burial "ad ecclesiam sanctorum Martyrum"[376]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "Kal Aug" of "Ludovicus rex Francorum"[377]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Kal Aug" of "Ludovicus…Francorum rex"[378].

Betrothed (1104, annulled Council of Troyes 23 May 1107 on grounds of consanguinity) to LUCIENNE de Rochefort, daughter of GUY [II] "le Rouge" de Rochefort Seigneur de Rochefort-en-Yvelines & his second wife Adelais de Crécy dame de Gournay-sur-Marne ([1090/95]-6 May, 1138 or after). This betrothal is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who calls her "Luciana", names her father and specifies that she later married "Guiscardo de Bello Loco"[379]. Suger's Vita Ludovici records the betrothal of "filius dominus Ludovicus" and "filiam Guidonis [comitis de Rupe Forti]" and their separation on grounds of consanguinity[380]. She married (after 23 May 1107) Guichard [IV] Seigneur de Beaujeu. "Luciana soror Hugonis de Creciaco" donated "terrae sue…apud Agglias et Buxiacum" to Notre-Dame de Longpont, with the consent of Louis VII King of France, by charter dated to [1140], signed by "Hugone de Creciaco…Radulfo comite, Manasse de Turnomio…et Beatrix uxor eius"[381].

m (Paris [25/30] Mar 1115) as her first husband, ADELAIDE de Maurienne, daughter of HUMBERT III "le Renforcé" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie & his wife Gisèle de Bourgogne [Comté] ([1092]-Montmartre 18 Nov 1154, bur Montmartre, église abbatiale de Saint-Pierre). Her marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and her four oldest sons[382]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses records "filiam Humberti comitis Morienne" as wife of "Ludovicum regem Grossum"[383]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "regina Alaydis…soror Amadei comitis Sabaudie" as wife of "Ludovici Grossi"[384]. She exercised considerable influence over her husband, playing an active part in the downfall of Etienne de Garlande, Chancellier de France. After her son Louis succeeded in 1137, she conspired against Suger, Abbé de Saint-Denis, triggering a quarrel with her son. She married secondly ([1138]) as his second wife, Mathieu Seigneur de Montmorency, Connétable of France under King Louis VII, and retired to her lands at Compiègne. Her second marriage is confirmed by an undated charter which records a donation to the priory of Saint-Nicolas d´Acy, near Senlis made in the presence of "dominæ Adelæ reginæ et domini Mathei mariti eius"[385]. She retired to the church of the Abbaye de Saint-Pierre at Montmartre, which she had founded, in 1153[386]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIV Kal Dec" of "Adelaidis regina"[387].

Mistress (1): MARIE de Breuillet, daughter of [RENAUD de Breuillet & his wife ---]. Kerrebrouck names Marie de Breuillet as the mother of King Louis´s daughter Isabelle, citing an article by Dufour and adding that according to Depoin "Renaud de Breuillet pourrait bien être le grand-père maternel d´Isabelle"[388]. A charter dated to [1115/1118] records a donation of land "apud Soliniacum" made to Longpont Notre-Dame made by "Bernardus de Cabrosa", with the consent of "Ivisia uxore sua, Bernardo amborum filio, Helizabeth et Cecilia filiabus", and the later confirmation by "Maria…Reinaldi de Braiolo filia" in the presence of "Florentia uxore Rainaldi, Godefrido de Braiolo…"[389]. "Maria filia Rainaldi de Brayolo" confirmed the donation of "medietatem terre de Soliniaco" made by "Bernardus de Cabrosia", adding that "pater…eius" donated property with the consent of "eadem Maria…cum filiis suis Aymone et Nanterio", by undated charter, in the presence of "Florencia uxore Rainaldi, Maria filia eius, et filiis eius Aymone et Nanterio, Godefrido de Braiolo…", the document also recording the subsequent confirmation by "Rainaldus filius eiusdem Rainaldi"[390].

King Louis VI & his wife had nine children:

1. PHILIPPE de France (29 Aug 1116-Paris 13 Oct 1131, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis[391]). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[392]. He was recognised as his father's successor at Senlis 19 Apr 1120, and thereafter named rex designatus. He was consecrated associate-king 14 Apr 1129, at Reims. Orderic Vitalis records that he died "after falling from his horse and being terribly battered"[393]. Suger's Vita Ludovici records the death of "regis Ludovici filius, floridus et amœnus puer, Philippus" while riding in the outskirts of Paris and his burial at Saint-Denis[394]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "II Id Oct" of "Philipus rex puer"[395]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Id Oct" of "Philippus puer Francorum rex"[396].

2. LOUIS de France (1120-Paris, Palais Royal de la Cité 18/19 Sep 1180, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Notre-Dame-de-Barbeaux near Fontainebleau, transferred 1817 to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[397]. He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother in 1131, was consecrated associate-king 25 Oct 1131, and succeeded his father in 1137 as LOUIS VII "le Jeune/le Pieux" King of France.

- see below.

3. HENRI de France ([1121/23]-13 Nov 1175, bur Reims). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[398]. He was tonsured in 1134. Archdeacon of Orléans 1142. He resigned from all his ecclesiastical posts 1146-47 to become a Cistercian monk at Clairvaux[399]. Elected Bishop of Beauvais 1148/49, consecrated 1150. The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records the death in 1161 of "Samson Remorum archiepiscopus”, the succession of “Henricus Belvacensis episcopus frater Ludowici regis Francorum”, and the succession as bishop of Beauvais of “Bartholomeus Remensis æcclesie archidiaconus”[400]. Archbishop of Reims 1162. The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records the death in 1161 of "Samson Remorum archiepiscopus”, the succession of “Henricus Belvacensis episcopus frater Ludowici regis Francorum”, and the succession as bishop of Beauvais of “Bartholomeus Remensis æcclesie archidiaconus”[401]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1175 of "Henricus frater Lodovici regis Francorum archiepiscopus Remensis"[402]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Nov" of "Henricus archiepiscopus Remorum frater regis Francorum"[403].

4. HUGUES de France ([1122]-young, maybe bur Paris, Saint-Victor). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[404].

5. ROBERT de France ([1124/26]-Braine [10/12] Oct 1188, bur Braine, église abbatiale de Saint-Ived). William of Tyre names him as brother of Louis VII King of France[405]. He was installed as ROBERT I "le Grand" Seigneur de Dreux in 1152.

- COMTES de DREUX.

6. PIERRE de France ([1126]-Palestine 10 Mar [1180/10 Apr 1183]). William of Tyre names him as brother of Louis VII King of France, when recording his arrival in Palestine in 1179[406]. He succeeded as Seigneur de Courtenay, by right of his wife. "Petrus regis frater et Curtiniacensis dominus" donated property to the abbey of Fontaine-Jean by charter dated 1170, with the support of "uxor mea Isabel et primogenitus meus Petrus"[407]. The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death “VI Id Mar” of “Petrus de Curtiniaco”[408].

- SEIGNEURS de COURTENAY.

7. CONSTANCE de France ([1128]-Reims 16 Aug after 1177). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to the sister of King Louis as wife firstly of "Eustachieus comes Bolonie" and secondly of "comiti de Sancto Egidio", specifying that she had children by the latter, but does not name her[409]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses names "filiam unam [Ludovicum regem Grossum] nomine Constantiam"[410]. Her brother Louis VII arranged her first marriage to symbolise his support for Stephen King of England against his cousin Empress Matilda and her husband Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou. William of Newburgh records the betrothal of Eustache, son of King Stephen, and "regi Francorum…sororem eius Constantiam"[411]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage in Feb [1140] of "regis Anglie Stephani…filius" and "Francorum regis sororem"[412]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the marriage "mense Februario 1140" of "Eustachius filius regis Stephani" and "sororem regis Francia Lodovici Constantiam"[413]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew of Paris, who specifies that she was sister of Louis VII King of France[414]. Her brother arranged her second marriage to cement his alliance with Toulouse against Henri d'Anjou Duke of Normandy [later Henry II King of England] who had just allied himself with Aragon. Baudouin IV King of Jerusalem confirmed a sale of property, with the consent of "…Constantiæ sorori regis Franciæ et S. Egidii comitissæ", by charter dated [Sep/Dec] 1177[415]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Sep" of "Constantia filia Ludovici regis"[416]. m firstly (1140) EUSTACHE de Blois, son of STEPHEN King of England & his wife Mathilde Ctss de Boulogne ([1127-31]-Bury St Edmund’s 10 or 16 Aug 1153, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). He succeeded his mother in 1151 as EUSTACHE IV Comte de Boulogne. m secondly (10 Aug 1154, separated 1166) RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse, son of ALPHONSE I Jourdain Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne, Marquis de Provence & his wife Faydide d’Uzès (1134-Nimes Dec 1194, bur Notre Dame de Nîmes).

8. PHILIPPE de France ([1132/33]-5 Sep 1161, bur Notre-Dame-de-Paris). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "domnus Henricus Remensis archiepiscopus et Robertus comes de Barro et Petrus et Philippus clericus" as the brothers of King Louis[417]. He succeeded to the ecclesiastical positions resigned by his brother Henri 1146-47. Elected Bishop of Paris in [1159], but he refused the nomination. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis Francorum, decanus Sancti Martini Turonensis"[418]. The necrology of Orléans Cathedral records the death “Non Sep” of “Philippus frater Regis Francie”[419], which, by process of elimination of the other brothers named Philippe of French kings, appears to refer to the brother of King Louis VII.

9. child (-young, bur Paris, Saint Victor). Kerrebrouck records this child and his burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[420]. He/she is not named by Père Anselme among the children of King Louis VI[421].

King Louis VI had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):

10. ISABELLE (after [1101/04] before 1108-5 Aug, after 13 Apr 1175). Louis VI King of France donated property to Chartres Saint-Père when "filiam meam" married “Willelmo, Othmundi filio”, and now confirmed the donation, by charter dated 6 Jan 1118[422]. "Isabel de Calvo Monte" donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated 1175 for the soul of "patris mei Lugdovici…regis Francorum…et…Willelmi filii Osmondi et Rainaldi de Braileic", with the consent of “filiorum meorum”, subscribed by "Lugdovici filii eius, Philippi clerici, Gasthonis militis, Baudrici militis, Hugonis militis, Osmundi militis"[423]. m ([1114/17]) GUILLAUME Seigneur de Chaumont, son of OSMOND Seigneur de Chaumont[-Guitry] & his wife --- ([-before 13 Apr 1175]). "Guillelmus de Caluimonte" was son-in-law of Louis VI King of France according to Orderic Vitalis, who says that he was captured while trying to take the castle of Tillières in 1119 and ransomed for 200 marks of silver[424]. "Guillelmus filius Osmundi de Calvo Monte", who had married “filiam Ludovici regis”, donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated 9 Apr 1119, which records "…Gaulterius de Monte Falconis, Haimo filius eius" as present[425]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "Non Aug" of "Isabella nobilis matrona de Calvomonte"[426].

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VI King of France & his wife Adélaïde de Maurienne [Savoie] (1120-Paris, Palais Royal de la Cité 18/19 Sep 1180, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Notre-Dame-de-Barbeaux near Fontainebleau[427], transferred 1817 to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[428]. He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother in 1131. Consecrated associate-king 25 Oct 1131, Notre-Dame de Reims, he received effective power from his father 28 Oct 1135, due to the latter's ill health. He succeeded his father in 1137 as LOUIS VII "le Jeune/le Pieux" King of France. Duke of Aquitaine, by right of his first wife, 8 Aug 1137 at Bordeaux. He declared war against Thibaut IV Comte de Champagne, who was fighting Raoul Comte de Vermandois, laid siege to and captured Vitry, where he signed a peace treaty in 1143. After the fall of Edessa in 1146, Pope Eugenius III addressed a bull to Louis VII 1 Dec 1145 urging a new crusade[429]. The king assembled his army at Metz 15 Jun 1147 and arrived in Constantinople 4 Oct 1147. He left the government of France in the hands of Suger Abbé de Saint-Denis, his brother Henri Archbishop of Reims and his cousin Raoul Comte de Vermandois. Although the crusade failed in its aim of capturing Damascus end-Jul 1148, Louis VII gained prestige as the first western king to lead a crusading army. After leaving Palestine in Summer 1149, he landed in Calabria where he discussed launching a new crusade with Roger II King of Sicily and Pope Eugenius III aimed at taking vengeance on Byzantium, but the scheme was later dropped for lack of support from Konrad III King of Germany who had entered an alliance with Emperor Manuel I[430]. The king arrived back in Paris end-1149. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1180 that “Ludovicus rex Francorum” was buried “aput abbatiam Barbel quam ædificavit”[431]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "XV Kal Oct" of "rex Ludovicus pius" and his burial "abbatiam Cisterciensis ordinis de Sancto Portu…Barbel"[432]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Oct" of "Ludovicus rex"[433].

m firstly (Bordeaux, Cathedral of Saint-André 22 Jul 1137, annulled for reasons of consanguinity Château de Beaugency 21 Mar 1152) as her first husband, ELEONORE Dss of Aquitaine, daughter of GUILLAUME X Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VIII Comte de Poitou] & his first wife Eléonore de Châtellerault (Nieul-sur-Autize, Vendée or Château de Belin, Guyenne or Palais d’Ombrière, Bordeaux 1122-Abbaye de Fontevrault 1 Apr 1204, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Alienor Guilielmi filia comits Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis" as wife of "regi Francie Ludovico"[434]. She succeeded her father 9 Apr 1137 as Dss of Aquitaine Ctss de Saintonge, Angoûmois, Limousin, Auvergne, Bordeaux & Agen. She left France with her husband in Jun 1147 on the Second Crusade[435]. She married secondly (Poitiers or Bordeaux Cathedral 18 May 1152) Henri Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Duke of Normandy, who succeeded in 1153 as Henry II King of England. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "XII Kal Apr" [1204] of "regina Alienor" and her burial "ad Fontem Ebraldi"[436].

m secondly (Cathedral of Sainte Croix, Orléans ([Jan/Jul] 1154) Infanta doña CONSTANZA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VII King of Castile and León & his first wife Berenguela de Barcelona ([1138]-6 Oct 1160, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). This second marriage of King Louis is recorded by Matthew of Paris, who calls her father "Aldefonsi regis Hispaniæ cuius regni caput civitas est Tholetum"[437]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam", specifying that "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia) married "Ludovico Regi Francorum"[438]. She was consecrated queen in 1154 at Orléans, église Sainte-Croix. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Constantia regina Franciæ" while giving birth to a daughter[439]. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1160 the death of “regina Francorum” in childbirth[440]. Ralph de Diceto´s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that “regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum” died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (“incolumi filia”)[441]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Non Oct" of "Constantia regina filia regis Hispanie"[442].

m thirdly (Paris, Cathedral of Notre-Dame 13 Nov 1160) ALIX de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT IV “le Grand” Comte de Blois, Comte de Troyes/Champagne & his wife Mathilde von Sponheim [Carinthia] ([1140]-Paris 4 or 13 Jun 1206, bur Pontigny, Yonne, église de l'Abbaye cistercienne). William of Tyre names her as "Ala filia Theobaldi senioris" when recording her marriage[443]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alam sororem…Henrici comitis Campanensis" as the wife of "Ludovicus rex"[444]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Adela Francorum regina" as the youngest of the six daughters of "comes Campanie Theobaldus", and in a later passage names "filia comitis Theobaldi…Adala" as mother of the wife of Alexios Komnenos[445]. She was anointed queen after her marriage in Notre-Dame de Paris. Regent of France for her son King Philippe II Jun-Dec 1191, during his absence abroad. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "1206…Non Iun" of "Adela regina Francorum mater regis Philippi"[446]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Jun" of "Ala Francorum regina, mater Philippi regis"[447]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1206 of "la reine Adèle, mère de Philippe roi de France" at Paris and her burial "en Bourgogne, à Pontion"[448].

Mistress (1): ---. The name of the mistress of King Louis VII is not known.

King Louis VII & his first wife had two children:

1. MARIE de France (1145-11 Mar 1198, bur Cathedral of Meaux, Seine-et-Marne). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mariam comitissam Trecensum et Aelidem comitissam Blesensem" as the two daughters of "regi Francie Ludovico" and his wife "Alienor Guilielmi filia comitis Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis"[449]. Her parentage is confirmed by Matthew of Paris, who specifies that she was the older sister and married the older brother "Henricus filius magni comitis Theodbaldi Flandrensis", although he does not give her name[450]. Regent of Champagne during the absence of her husband on Crusade 1179-1181, during the minority of her son Henri II 1181-1187, during the latter's absence on Crusade 1190-1197, and during the minority of her grandson Thibaut III 1197-1198. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1198 of "comitissa Maria Campaniensis"[451]. m (1164) HENRI I "le Libéral" Comte de Champagne, son of THIBAUT IV “le Grand” Comte de Blois & his wife Mathilde of Carinthia [Sponheim] (1126-Troyes 17 Mar 1181, bur Troyes, Saint-Etienne).

2. ALIX de France (1150-11 Sep after 1195). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mariam comitissam Trecensum et Aelidem comitissam Blesensem" as the two daughters of "regi Francie Ludovico" and his wife "Alienor Guilielmi filia comits Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis"[452]. Her parentage is confirmed by Matthew of Paris, who specifies that she was the younger sister and married the younger brother "Theodbaldus filius magni comitis Theodbaldi Flandrensis", although he does not give her name[453]. "Adelicia uxore mea…" consented to the donation by "Theobaldus comes Blesensis, Francie senesscalus" to Hôtel-Dieu, Châteaudun by charter dated 1190[454]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "III Id Sep" of "Adelicia…Blesensium comitissa", stating that "cuius filius…comes Blesensis Ludovicus" donated property for her soul[455]. m (1164) as his second wife, THIBAUT V "le Bon" Comte de Blois et de Chartres, son of THIBAUT IV “le Grand” Comte de Blois, Comte de Troyes/Champagne & his wife Mathilde of Carinthia ([1130]-siege of Acre 1191, bur Abbaye de Pontigny). Seneschal of France 1154-1191.

King Louis VII & his second wife had two children:

3. MARGUERITE de France ([1157]-Acre shortly after 10 Sep 1197). Robert of Torigny records arrangements for the betrothal in 1158 of "filium suum [Henrici regis] Henricum" and "filiam regis Francorum Margaritam"[456]. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1158 that “...archdiaconus Cantuarensis...Thomas regis Cancellarius” arranged the betrothal of “Henricus primogenitus regis Anglorum” and “Margaritam filiam regis Francorum”, in a later passage recording the marriage of “filium regis Anglorum septennum” and “filiam regis Francorum triennem”[457]. Robert of Torigny records the betrothal "apud Novum Burgum" in 1160 of "Henrico filio Henrici regis Anglorum" and "Margarita filia Ludovici regis Francorum"[458]. Ctss de Vexin, with the Château de Gisors, as her dowry. Ralph de Diceto´s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that “Henricus rex Angliæ” arranged the betrothal of “Margaritam filiam regis Francorum”, who was living in his household, to “Henrico filio suo” with “castellum de Gisors” as dowry, it being agreed that she would be cared for by the Knights Templar until the marriage took place[459]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "reginam Margaretam Anglie et comitissam Aaliz" as childen of King Louis VII & his second wife[460]. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1172 that “Rotro Rothomagensis archiepiscopus” consecrated “Margaritam filiam regis Francorum” as “reginam Angliæ”[461]. Matthew Paris records her coronation as queen 27 Aug 1172 at Winchester Abbey[462]. A genealogy written by Vilhelm Abbot of Æbelholt records that “Ingeburgis (matris Waldemari regis) soror, filia Izizlaui regis alia” married “regi Hungarie”, by whom she had “Bela modernum regem Hungarie” who married “sororem regis Francie”[463]. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1186 that “Margarita soror regis Francorum” married “Bela regi Hungariæ”[464]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Margareta soror regis Philippi" as widow of "iunior Henricus rex Anglorum" and records her second marriage to "Hungarorum regi Bela"[465]. Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1194/95, reciting the consanguinity between Philippe II King of France and his second wife Ingebjörg of Denmark on which their divorce was based, which records that “Belæ Regis Hungariæ” married “sororem Philippi Regis Francorum”[466]. Her father-in-law arranged her second marriage so he could retain her dowry. She left for Palestine after being widowed for the second time. The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "une reine en Hongrie…veve sans hoir" at Tyre [in 1197] and her death eight days later, specifying that she was the sister of the mother of Henri Comte de Champagne King of Jerusalem and had been "feme…le jouene roi d'Englietere…et suer…le roi Phelippe de France"[467]. m firstly (contract Neubourg, Eure 1160, 21 Aug or 2 Nov 1172) HENRY of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore d’Aquitaine (Bermondsey Palace 28 Feb 1155-Château de Martel, Turenne 11 Jun 1183, bur Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, later transferred to Rouen Cathedral). He was crowned King of England in his father’s lifetime 14 Jun 1170 at Westminster Abbey, being styled Duke of Normandy, Comte d'Anjou et du Maine. After this he was known as “the Young King”. He was crowned again 27 Aug 1172 at Winchester Cathedral. m secondly ([1185/86]) as his second wife, BÉLA III King of Hungary, son of GÉZA II King of Hungary & his wife Ievfrosina Mstislavna of Kiev (1149-23 Apr 1196, bur Székesfehervar, transferred to Coronation Church Budapest).

4. ALIX [Adelaide] de France ([4 Oct] 1160-after Jan 1213). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Constantia regina Franciæ" while giving birth to a daughter[468]. Ralph de Diceto´s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that “regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum” died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (“incolumi filia”)[469]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records that King Louis VII had "aliam filiam de Constantia…Adelaidis", her mother dying while giving birth to her[470]. The Historia Gloriosi Regis Ludovici VII records that the king had "unam filiam de Constantia regina…Adelaidis", stating that her mother died in giving birth[471]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "reginam Margaretam Anglie et comitissam Aaliz" as childen of King Louis VII & his second wife, specifying that Alix married "Guilelmus comes de Pontivo"[472]. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Adelodis" as the daughter of "Ludovico Regi Francorum" and his wife "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia), specifying that she married "Comitis de Pontivo"[473]. There is some confusion between this daughter and King Louis VII's supposed daughter Alix by his third wife (see below). Roger of Hoveden records that the betrothal of King Louis's daughter to Richard of England was first proposed in 1161, when Richard's older brother Henry was betrothed to her sister Marguerite[474]. Chronologically, this can only refer to the king's daughter by his second marriage. This appears to be confirmed by the Chronicle of Gervase which records the betrothal in 1169 of "Ricardus…filius regis Anglæ" and "filiam regis Franciæ quam habuit de filia regis Hispanorum"[475]. Ctss de Bourges 1174, as her dowry. Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal "XI Kal Oct 1177" of "rex Anglie…Ricardus comes Pictaviæ filius eius" and "regi Franciæ…filiam" as part of the peace agreement between the two kings[476]. It is assumed that this refers to the same daughter, although the primary source which confirms this beyond doubt has not yet been identified. If this is correct, she was presumably the same daughter who later married the Comte de Ponthieu. Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Alix/Adelaide who was betrothed to Richard, and who later married the Comte de Ponthieu, was the daughter who was born in 1160, and that King Louis had no daughter of this name by his third marriage. Alix was brought up in England after her betrothal. Benedict of Peterborough records that the betrothal of "Alesia soror eius [Philippi regis Franciæ]" and Richard was renewed in 1189, commenting that the king of England "in custodia habet"[477]. Richard refused the marriage after his accession to the throne. Kerrebrouck states that King Richard arranged her betrothal to his younger brother John in early 1193[478], but the primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. She returned to France in Aug 1195. Ctss d'Eu, Dame d’Arques in 1195, as her dowry for her marriage. "Willelmus comes Pontivi" granted rights to the commune of Marquienneterre, with the consent of "uxoris mee Aalidis filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated 1199[479]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" donated property to the church of Saint Giosse, with the consent of "Marie filie mee et Aelis uxoris mee", by charter dated 1205[480]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli…et Aalais uxor mea comitissa Pontivi et Maria filia mea" granted concessions by charter dated 1207[481]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee Ludovici regis filie et Marie filie mee", by charter dated Aug 1208[482]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the commune of Maioc, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee et Symonis de Bolonia, generis mei, et Marie filie mee, uxoris eius", by charter dated 1209[483]. "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the nuns of Moreaucourt, for his soul and that of "Aelidis, uxoris mee, filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated Dec 1209[484]. "Willaume comte de Pontieu et de Montreuil" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille" by charter dated Nov 1211[485]. A charter dated Jan 1213 (New Style) confirms a grant of rights to the church of Sainte-Marie at Clairvaux by "Willelmus…Pontivi et Monstreoli comes et Aalis, uxor eius, filia pii regis Ludovici" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille"[486]. Betrothed (by peace treaty 30 Sep 1174, betrothed 21 Sep 1177) to RICHARD of England, son of HENRY II King of England & Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 8 Sep 1157-Chalus 6 Apr 1199, bur Fontevrault Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1189 as RICHARD I " Cœur-de-lion " King of England. Betrothed (early 1193) to JOHN of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral). This betrothal appears to have taken place despite the fact that John was already married to his first wife at the time. He succeeded his brother in 1199 as JOHN King of England. m (contract Mantes, Yvelines 20 Aug 1195) GUILLAUME [II] “Talvas” Comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Ponthieu & his third wife Béatrix de Saint-Pol (after 1178-6 Oct 1221, bur Abbaye de Valloires, Somme).

King Louis VII & his third wife had three children:

5. PHILIPPE de France (Château de Gonesse, Val d’Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14 Jul 1223, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). William of Tyre names him and records his parentage, specifying that he was his father's only son[487]. He was consecrated associate-king 1 Nov 1179, at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims. He succeeded his father in 1180 as PHILIPPE II “Auguste” King of France.

- see below.

6. [ALIX de France ([1168/70]-). According to Kerrebrouck[488], the daughter of King Louis VII who was betrothed to Richard of England and later married to Guillaume Comte de Ponthieu was the king's daughter by his third marriage born "vers 1170". As demonstrated above, from a chronological point of view the daughter whose betrothal to Richard was first discussed in 1161 could only have been the younger daughter of the king's second marriage. The sources cited above appear to indicate that this is the same daughter whose betrothal was later confirmed, and who later married the Comte de Ponthieu. No primary source has so far been identified which confirms that she was the king's daughter by his third marriage. Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Alix/Adelaide was the daughter who was born in 1160, and that King Louis had no daughter of this name by his third marriage. Since writing this paragraph, a book by Sommerard has been consulted which refers to the birth of the king´s daughter Alix, born to his third wife in 1168, whom he identifies as the betrothed of Richard of England, but he cites no primary source[489].]

7. AGNES de France ([1171/72]-[1220 or after 1240]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the daughter of King Louis VII & his third wife as "imperatricem Grecorum quam duxit Alexius filius Manuelis"[490]. Her birth is dated to 1171 by Sommerard, but he cites no primary source[491]. According to Niketas Choniates, she was 11 years old at the time of her second marriage (see below), which would place her birth in [1172]. William of Tyre records the marriage "in palatio domini Constantini senioris…Trullus" of "Manuele Constantinopoleos imperatore…filio…impuberi vix annorum tredecim Alexio" and "Francorum regis domini Ludovici filiam vix annorum octo Agnetem", dated to 1180 from the context[492]. Pope Alexander III wrote to Henri de France Archbishop of Reims, dated "XI Kal Mar" in 1171 or 1172, suggesting that "Ludovicus…Francorum Rex" betrothe "suam…filiam" to "filio Imperatoris Constantinopolitani" instead of what the Pope had heard was the proposal for a marriage to "filio persecutoris ecclesiæ" (assumed to be a reference to Emperor Friedrich I)[493]. Bearing in mind that Agnes had only recently been born, Sommerard suggests that the document (which does not name the daughter in question) may have related either to "Alix, qui avait trois ans" or not to any specific daughter[494]. The idea of the Byzantine marriage prospered as the Chronicle of Ernoul records that "l´emperérour Manuel" asked Philippe Count of Flanders, who had stopped in Constantinople on his return journey to Flanders, whether "li rois Loeis de France avoit nulle fille à marier" and proposed her betrothal "petite…et jouene" to "son fil…jouenes enfes", requesting the count to take the proposal to the French king[495]. Benedict of Peterborough records that "Lodovicus rex Francorum Agnetem filiam suam quam Ala regina Francorum…peperat" was sent to Constantinople in 1179 to marry "Alexio filio Manuelis imperatoris Constantinopolis"[496]. Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1179 that “Agnes filia Ludovici regis Francorum” married “Alexio Manuelis imperatoris filio”[497]. Benedict of Peterborough records the death of her first husband and her second marriage to his successor[498]. She adopted the name ANNA on her first marriage. Niketas Choniates records that Andronikos married "Annam imperatoris Alexii sponsam, regis Francorum filiam", stating that she was only eleven years old[499]. Her third marriage is deduced from Villehardouin naming "Theodore Branas, a Greek who was married to the king of France's sister" when recording that Apros was restored to him in 1205[500]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that in 1193 "Livernas…prenominatus" lived with "sororem regis Francorum, imperatricem illam, quam habere debuit Alexius Manuelis filius" without marrying her, and in a later passage in 1205 that "Livernas", who had lived with "sororem regis Francorum, imperatricem…absque legalibus nuptiis", married her and married their daughter to "Nargaldo de Torceio, Guidonis de Dampetra consobrino"[501]. Robert de Clari records in Sep 1203 that "le sereur le roi de Franche" was alive and married to "li Vernas"[502]. The text also provides a clue to Alberic´s reference to "Livernas", indicating that it was the old French definite article combined with a corruption of the name "Branas". No primary source has yet been identified which records when Agnes died. According to Sommerard, she died in 1220, after the marriage of her daughter[503]. Kerrebrouck states that she died in 1240[504]. Neither of these authors cites the primary sources on which they base their statements. m firstly (Constantinople [2 Mar] 1180) ALEXIOS Komnenos, son of Emperor MANUEL I & his second wife Marie of Antioch (Constantinople 10 Sep 1169-murdered 24 Sep 1183). He succeeded his father 24 Sep 1180 as Emperor ALEXIOS II. m secondly (1184) as his second wife, Emperor ANDRONIKOS I, son of ISAAKIOS Komnenos sébastokrator & his wife Eirene --- ([1123/24]-murdered Constantinople 12 Sep 1185). m thirdly (1204) THEODOROS Branas Duke of Adrianople, son of ALEXIOS Branas Komnenos pansébastos & his wife Anna Komnena Vatatzina.

King Louis VII had [one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1)]:

8. [PHILIPPE de France (-[1161]). Kerrebrouck names him as illegitimate son of King Louis but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[505]. Doyen of Saint-Martin at Tours. Sainte-Marthe says that “Philippes bastard de France, doyen de l’église de Saint Martin de Tours” died before his father, adding that “aucuns estiment qu’il fut esleu et nommé Archevesque de Tours contre Engelbaud” and “que c’est luy auquel S. Bernard addresse son Epistre cent cinquante uniesme”[506]. Père Anselme says that “on attribue au roy Louis le Jeune un fils naturel nommé Philippe, doyen de S. Martin de Tours, mort avant son père”, adding that “on prétend que c’est à lui à qui saint Bernard adresse sa lettre 151”[507]. Anselme provides no information about the identity of “on” and his phrasing suggests little confidence in the accuracy of the attribution.]

PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS VII King of France & his third wife Alix de Champagne (Château de Gonesse, Val d’Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14 Jul 1223, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis[508]). Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1165 that “regina Francorum” gave birth to “filium...Philippum”[509]. William of Tyre names him and records his parentage, specifying that he was his father's only son[510]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1165 the birth "un des jours d'août, jour de dimanche, dans l'octave de l'Assomption de sainte Marie" of "un fils…Philippe" to King Louis[511]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Philippum" as the son of "Ludovicus rex" and his wife Alix de Champagne[512]. He was consecrated associate-king 1 Nov 1179, Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims. He succeeded his father in 1180 as PHILIPPE II “Auguste” King of France. In 1183, following the death without a direct heir of Elisabeth de Vermandois (first wife of Philippe Count of Flanders), Philippe claimed her inheritance. He conquered Chauny and Saint-Quentin in 1182, and under the Treaty of Boves in Jul 1185 took parts of Valois and Amiénois. He took Tournai from Flanders in 1187. He left on the Third Crusade from Vézelay with Richard I King of England 4 Jul 1190, landing at Acre 20 Apr 1191. He returned to France in early Aug 1191 soon after the final capitulation of Acre 12 Jul 1191[513]. After the death of Philippe Count of Flanders in 1191, Philippe took control of Artois and parts of Vermandois. He was a candidate for the imperial throne in 1197, following the death of Emperor Heinrich IV. He recaptured Normandy from John King of England in 1204. He defeated the English/German/Flemish coalition at Bouvines 27 Jul 1214. He took possession of Alençon in Jan 1221, Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in 1218, Beaumont-sur-Oise in Apr 1223. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Id Jul" of "domini Philippi regis Francie"[514]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1223 "à Mantes, la veille des ides de juillet" of King Philippe and his burial "dans le monastère de Saint-Denis en France"[515].

m firstly (Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité, Bapaume, Pas-de-Calais 28 Apr 1180) ISABELLE de Hainaut, daughter of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII “le Courageux” Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders (23 Apr 1170-Paris 14/15 Mar 1190, bur Paris, Cathedral of Notre-Dame). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "mense Aprili 1170" of "filiam Elizabeth" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[516]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth Francie reginam…Hyolenz uxorem Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as the three daughters of "Balduinus [Haynaco]"[517]. The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis names the wife of Philippe II King of France as "Elisabeth regina que fuit soror Balduini comitis Flandrie", when recording the birth of their son Louis in 1187[518]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew of Paris, who also names her parents, although he incorrectly calls her "Margareta"[519]. This marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Philippe Count of Flanders while he was adviser to Philippe II King of France in 1180 after the latter's accession, with Artois as her dowry[520]. Consecrated Queen of France 29 May 1180, Abbaye de Saint-Denis. King Philippe planned to repudiate her in 1186, for lack of a male heir. The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins, specifying her burial "in eccleisa beatæ Mariæ Parisius"[521]. The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the death "1189 Id Mar" of "Elysabeth regina uxor Philippi Francorum regis" and her burial "in ecclesiam beatissime virginis Marie Parisius"[522]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Id Mar" of "Isabel regina Francorum"[523].

m secondly (Notre-Dame d’Amiens, Somme 14 Aug 1193, repudiated later that year, annulled Compiègne 5 Nov 1193, annulment declared illegal 13 Mar 1195, remarried 1200) INGEBJÖRG of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR I King of Denmark & his wife Sofia --- (1174-Priory of Saint-Jean-en-l’Ile, near Corbeil, Essonne 29 Jul 1236, bur Saint Jean-en-l'Ile). The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the marriage of King Philippe in 1193 and "sororem regis Daciæ…Ingelburgh" and his repudiation of her after the wedding[524]. The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam…regis Dano", recording that he repudiated her after 8 days and imprisoned her[525]. She was known as ISAMBOUR in France. She was consecrated Queen of France 15 Aug 1193, but during the ceremony King Philippe "by the devil's suggestion, began to be horrified, to tremble and turn pale at the sight of her"[526]. The chronicler William of Newburgh reported that the king's aversion to Isambour was reported to be due to the fetid smell of her breath or to some hidden deformity[527]. King Philippe disavowed her, imprisoned her at Cysoing and procured an annulment from prelates at the synod of Compiègne, although this was not recognised by the Pope[528]. A charter dated 1193 records that Etienne Bishop of Tournai requested Guillaume Archbishop of Reims to protect "Reginam" who had sought protection in Cysoing abbey[529]. Protracted correspondence with successive Popes ensued, the dispute being complicated by the king's bigamous third marriage. King Philippe's refusal to restore Isambour eventually resulted in Pope Innocent III's interdict on France 13 Jan 1200. The king restored Isambour as queen from Apr 1213, although it is likely that the couple did not live together, Isambour living on her dower lands near Orléans[530]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1237 of "senior regina Francie…Guineburgis sive Indeburgis de Dacia" specifying that she was "domna Aurelianensis"[531]. The necrology of the Eglise Cathédrale de Paris records the death "IV Kal Aug" of "regina Ysenburgis…uxor regis Francorum Philippi"[532].

m thirdly (bigamously 1 Jun 1196, repudiated 1200) AGNES von Andechs-Merano, daughter of BERTHOLD III Duke of Merano, Marchese of Istria, Graf von Andechs & his wife Agnes von Wettin ([1180]-Château de Poissy, Yvelines 18/19 Jul 1201, bur église abbatiale de Saint-Corentin, Rosay, near Mantes, Yvelines). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1196 of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie"[533]. The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the marriage in Jun 1196 of "Philippus rex" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et Boemie marchionisque Hystrie"[534]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Agnes regina Francie…filia Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie" when recording her death, in 1250 which is incorrect[535]. The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the third marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam Bertoldi ducis de Durenbon", recording that she died giving birth to her third child[536]. Her children were recognised as legitimate by Pope Innocent III 2 Nov 1201. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1201 of "mater…Philippus puer et Maria soror eius" and her burial "iuxta Melentam in ecclesie beati Corentini"[537]. The necrology of Diessen records the death "Kal Aug XIII" of "Chuniza Agnes regina Francie filia ducis Meranie Berhtoldi"[538]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIV Kal Aug" of "Agnes regina Francie"[539].

Mistress (1): ---, a lady from Arras. Kerrebrouck records that the mother of Pierre, son of King Philippe II, was "une dame d´Arras", citing the Chronique rimée of Philippe Mouskes[540].

King Philippe II & his first wife had three children:

1. LOUIS de France (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Château de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1187 that “Margarita regina Francorum” gave birth to “filium...Ludovicum”[541]. He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII "le Lion" King of France.

- see below.

2. twin son (Paris 15 Mar 1190-Paris 18 Mar 1190, bur Notre-Dame de Paris). The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins[542].

3. twin son (Paris 15 Mar 1190-Paris 18 Mar 1190, bur Notre-Dame de Paris). The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins[543].

King Philippe II & his third wife had two children:

4. MARIE de France (after 1197-15 Aug 1238, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum…et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[544]. The primary sources which confirm her first betrothal has not yet been identified. King Philippe II agreed the betrothal of “Marie sa fille” and “Artur. comte de Bretagne” by charter dated [14/30] Apr 1202[545]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1212 of "Philippe roi de France…Marie sa fille, veuve de Philippe comte de Namur" and "le duc de Brabant"[546]. The Annales Parchenses record the marriage in 1204 of "Heinricus dux Lotharingie" and "filiam regis Francie", naming her "Maria uxor Henrici ducis" in a later passage[547], although the date is incorrect. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Affligenii"[548]. Betrothed (1200) to ALEXANDER Prince of Scotland, son of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (Haddington, East Lothian 24 Aug 1198-Isle of Kerrara, Bay of Ohan 8 Jul 1249, bur Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire). He succeeded in 1214 as ALEXANDER II King of Scotland. Betrothed ([14/30] Apr 1202) to ARTHUR I Duke of Brittany, son of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany & his wife Constance Dss of Brittany (posthumously Nantes 29 Mar 1187-murdered Rouen or Cherbourg 3 Apr 1203, bur Notre Dame des Prés, Rouen or Abbaye de Bec, Normandy). m firstly (contract Aug 1206) PHILIPPE I “le Noble” Marquis de Namur, son of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders (Valenciennes Mar 1174-15 Oct 1212, bur Namur, Cathedral Saint-Aubin). m secondly (Soissons, Aisne 22 Apr 1213) as his second wife, HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant, son of GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Duc de Louvain, Comte de Brabant & his first wife Margareta van Limburg (1165-Köln 5 Sep 1235, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre) (-5 Oct 1235).

5. PHILIPPE "Hurepel" de France (Jul 1200-killed in a tournament Corbie, Somme 14 or 18 Jan 1234, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum…et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[549]. Comte de Boulogne et de Dammartin (by right of his wife) May 1210. He was invested as Comte de Mortain et d’Aumâle in Feb 1223 by his father. He was confirmed as Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, de Mortain, et d'Aumâle in Feb 1224 by his brother King Louis VIII. The Chronica Andrensis records the death in 1233 of "comes Boloniensis Philippus…regis Philippi filius" and his burial "apud Sanctum Dyonysium iuxta fratrem et patrem suum"[550]. The necrology of the abbey of Vauduisant records the death "XIV Kal Feb" of "Philippi comitis Bolonie"[551]. The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death “XV Kal Feb” of “Philippi comitis Bononiæ”[552]. m (contract Compiègne, Oise Aug 1201, contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye May 1210, 1216) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Dammartin, daughter and heiress of RENAUD Comte de Dammartin [en-Goële], de Mortain, de Varenne et d’Aumâle & his second wife Ide de Flandre Ctss de Boulogne (-[9 Oct 1261/8 Feb 1263]). The Chronica Andrensis names "Mathilde…filia…Reinaldi quondam comitis Bolonie" as the wife of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis Gallie"[553]. She succeeded in 1223 as Ctss de Dammartin and in 1227 as Ctss de Boulogne. She married secondly (1235, divorced 1253) as his first wife, Infante dom Afonso de Portugal, who later succeeded as Afonso III King of Portugal. "Mahaud comitissa Bolonie et Clarimontis…et Johanne filie nostre" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Hoïlde, for the souls of "bone memorie Philippi condam comitis Bolonie et liberorum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1239[554]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1240 under which "Aufonsus filius regis Portigalis comes Bolonie et Matildis uxor sua comitissa Bolonie" confirmed a donation by "Johanni de Bello Monte domini regis cambellano et Ysabelli Buticularie uxori sue"[555]. A charter dated Nov 1242 records a declaration by "Mathildis comtissa Bolonie…cum…marito nostro Alfonso filio…regis Portugalie comiti Bolonie" relating to her testament and names "Gaucherus de Castellione et Johanna filia nostra uxor eiusdem, heredes nostri"[556]. The Chronicon Savigniacense records the death in 1258 (presumably O. S.) of "Matildis Comitissa Boloniæ" and the reversion of her county to the king[557]. The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "comitissa Bolonie" was still alive when "rex Dionisius" was born (9 Oct 1261, see below), but had died before the birth of his brother Afonso (8 Feb 1263, see below), and it was therefore claimed that Diniz was illegitimate but Afonso legitimate[558]. Philippe "Hurepel" & his wife had [two] children:

a) [AUBRY de Dammartin (1222-after 1284). Kerrebrouck records his parentage and adds that he settled in England, presumably giving up his estates and titles in France in favour of his sister, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[559]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Dammartin, de Clermont et d'Aumâle. Could there be confusion with the complex difficulties associated with the reconstruction of the Dammartin family in England, shown in the document ENGLISH UNTITLED NOBILITY D-K? Aubry is not named by Père Anselme as the son of Philippe “Hurepel”[560].]

b) JEANNE de Dammartin (1219-14 Jan 1252). The Chronica Andrensis records that "comes Boloniensis Philippus" left "unicam filiam" when he died but does not name her[561]. The marriage contract between “Hues de Chastelon, cuens de Saint Pol et de Blois…Gauchier son neveu” and “madame la contesse de Bouloingne Mahaut…sa fylle Jehanne” is dated Dec 1236[562]. "Mahaud comitissa Bolonie et Clarimontis…et Johanne filie nostre" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Hoïlde, for the souls of "bone memorie Philippi condam comitis Bolonie et liberorum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1239[563]. A charter dated Nov 1242 records a declaration by "Mathildis comtissa Bolonie…cum…marito nostro Alfonso filio…regis Portugalie comiti Bolonie" relating to her testament and names "Gaucherus de Castellione et Johanna filia nostra uxor eiusdem, heredes nostri"[564]. Ctss de Clermont et d'Aumâle, Dame de Mortain et de Domfront. m (contract Dec 1236, before 1241) GAUCHER de Châtillon Seigneur de Montjay, son of GUY [III] de Châtillon Comte de Saint-Pol & his wife Agnès Dame de Donzy (-Munyat Abu Abdallah, Egypt 6 Apr 1251).

6. child (b and d Jul 1201). The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the third marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam Bertoldi ducis de Durenbon", recording that his wife died giving birth to her third child[565].

King Philippe II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

7. PIERRE [Charles] ([1205/09]-in a shipwreck off Damietta, Egypt 9 Oct 1249, bur Noyon Cathedral). His parentage is confirmed by a letter of Pope Gregory IX dated 5 Jul 1240 in which he complained to the archbishop of Reims about the election of “P[etrum Carlotum], natum clare memorie -- regis Francie, subdiaconum nostrum” as bishop of Noyon[566]. Elected Bishop of Noyon 1240, Comte de Noyon. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1240 of “episcopus Noviomensis Nicholaus” and the election of “domnus Karolus regis patruus...Petrus” as his successor[567]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that the Pope suspended and later deposed “episcopus Noviomensis domnus Karolus” in 1241[568]. Chancellor of Charles d’Anjou King of Sicily. Matthew of Paris records the death in 1249 in a ship bound for Cyprus of "vir præclarus episcopus Noviomensis, comes Palatinus"[569]. Sainte-Marthe quotes his epitaph at Noyon cathedral which records the burial of “Præsul Petrus...quondam Francorum Philippo rege creatus” who “trans-mare...fuit...cum rege nepote” and died “anno bis sexcenteno quinquageno minus uno”[570].

LOUIS de France, son of PHILIPPE II "Auguste" King of France & his first wife Isabelle de Hainaut Ctss d'Artois (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Château de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Ralph de Diceto´s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1187 that “Margarita regina Francorum” gave birth to “filium...Ludovicum”[571]. He received Artois, the inheritance of his mother, 1209 but never bore the title Comte d'Artois. He was offered the throne of England in Autumn 1215 by the English barons who deposed King John. He boarded ship for England 21 May 1216, arriving in London 2 Jun 1216. He soon controlled south-east England, but when King John died 19 Oct 1216 the barons recognised the latter’s son Henry III as rightful king of England. Louis continued the war, but his army was defeated at Lincoln 20 May 1217, his fleet in Aug 1217. He negotiated a settlement with the English regents, and returned to France. He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII "le Lion" King of France. He was consecrated 6 Aug 1223, at Notre-Dame de Reims. Amaury de Montfort ceded the rights to the county of Toulouse and the duchy of Narbonne to Louis in Feb 1224. The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes “terram Attrebatesii…quam ex parte matris nostre Elysabet possidemus” to “filius noster secundus”, “comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie” to “tercius filius noster”, “comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam” to “quartus filius noster”, and requests that “quintus filius noster…et omnes alii qui post eum nascentur” become “clericus”[572]. The Annales Sancti Nicasii Remenses record the death in 1226 of "rex Lugdovicus" while returning from Avignon which he had captured and whose walls and fortifications he had destroyed[573]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1226 "à Montpensier en Auvergne…à l'octave de la Toussaint" of King Louis, returning from his campaign against the Albigeois, and his burial at "Saint-Denis en France"[574]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VI Id Nov" of "domini regis Ludovici defuncti in Montepanceto"[575]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Nov" of "Ludovicus rex Francorum, filius Philippi regis"[576]. The Annales Londonienses record the death "in Auvernia VI Id Nov" in 1226 of "Lodowicus rex Franciæ"[577]. He died from dysentery.

m (Church of Port-Mort, Eure, near Pont-Audemer, Normandy 23 May 1200) Infanta doña BLANCA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII “el Noble/él de las Navas” King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England (Palencia [1188/89]-Paris 26/27 Nov 1252, bur Notre-Dame de Maubuisson). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche Francie regina" as daughter of "filio…Sanctii rege", in a later passage recording the marriage in 1200 of "Ludovicus filius regis Francie" and "Blancham filiam Alphonsi regis Castelle neptem ex sorore regum Anglie Richardi et Iohannis"[578]. The dating clause of a charter dated 4 Mar 1190 (“era MCCXXVIII”), which records a donation to Arlanza, states “anno quo nata est Palentie infantissa Blanca de regina Alienor”[579]. Blanca´s birth in 1190 appears inconsistent with the birth of her brother Fernando 29 Nov 1189. Fernando´s birth makes 1189 improbable as well, unless Blanca was born very early in the year. “[1188/89]” seems the best estimation, which is consistent with her having reached the age of 12 on her marriage. As part of continuing Anglo/French peace negotiations, John King of England gave Infanta Blanca (who was his niece) Issoudun and Graçay en Berry, le Vexin, Evreux and 20,000 marcs of silver as her dowry. She was consecrated queen with her husband 6 Aug 1223. Regent of France during the minority of her son King Louis IX 1226-1234, and also during his absence on crusade 1248 until her death. An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the death in 1252 of "Blanche...reine de France" and her burial "à l´abeïe de Maubuisson"[580]. Her death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[581]. The necrology of Hôtel-Dieu at Provins records the death "IV Kal Dec" of "Blancha Francorum regina"[582]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Blanche regina"[583].

King Louis VIII & his wife had [twelve] children:

1. [daughter (1205-died young). Kerrebrouck records the birth of this daughter, and her death soon after her birth, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[584]. Sainte-Marthe records that “[la] fille aisnée du roy Louis VIII et de la roine Blanche” was born in 1205 before her brother Philippe but died “peu de temps apres sa naissance”[585]. Père Anselme notes “[une] fille née en 1205 et mourut jeune” without citing any primary source on which he bases this information[586].]

2. PHILIPPE de France (7 Sep 1209-1218, before Jul, bur Notre-Dame de Paris). “Herveus comes Nivernensis” confirmed the franchises granted by “Ludovicus...regis Franciæ primogenitus” in “terra...Montismirabilis, Aloye, Bracote, Autoin, Basochie et Froseii”, granted as dower to “filie nostre Agneti cum primogenito dicti Ludovici Philippo in maritagium”, by charter dated Jul 1218[587]. Betrothed (contract Melun Jul 1215) to AGNES de Nevers, daughter and heiress of HERVE [IV] Comte de Nevers Seigneur de Donzy & his wife Mathilde de Courtenay Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre (-1225). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comiti Herveo Nivernensi…filia" was betrothed to "Philippo primogenitor domni Ludovici", and that after he died she married "Guido primogenitus Galtheri de Sancti Paolo"[588]. “Herveus comes Nivernensis” confirmed the franchises granted by “Ludovicus...regis Franciæ primogenitus” in “terra...Montismirabilis, Aloye, Bracote, Autoin, Basochie et Froseii”, granted as dower to “filie nostre Agneti cum primogenito dicti Ludovici Philippo in maritagium”, by charter dated Jul 1218[589].

3. --- de France (Lorrez-le-Bocage en Gâtinais, Seine-et-Marne 26 Jan 1213-died young, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy). Twin with his brother. The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the birth of two twins "in festo sancti Policarpi à Lorre" in 1212 to "uxor Ludovici regis junioris"[590]. The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.

4. --- de France (Lorrez-le-Bocage en Gâtinais, Seine-et-Marne 26 Jan 1213-died young, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy). Twin with his brother. The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the birth of two twins "in festo sancti Policarpi à Lorre" in 1212 to "uxor Ludovici regis junioris"[591]. The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.

5. LOUIS de France (Château de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214-Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[592]. He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France.

- see below.

6. ROBERT de France (Sep 1216-killed in battle Mansurah, Egypt 9 Feb 1250). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[593]. Matthew of Paris names him "Robertus comes Atrabatensis regis frater" when he records his death[594]. The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes “terram Attrebatesii…quam ex parte matris nostre Elysabet possidemus” to “filius noster secundus”[595]. He was installed as Comte d'Artois 7 Jun 1237.

- COMTES d’ARTOIS.

7. ALPHONSE de France (11 Nov 1220-Castle of Corneto, near Siena 21 Aug 1271, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[596]. The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes “comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie” to “tercius filius noster” and “comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam” to “quartus filius noster”[597]. Assuming that the order of birth of Alphonse and Jean is correctly recorded in the Chronicon Turonense, this testament indicates that Anjou and Maine were originally destined for Alphonse not Jean. He is recorded as brother of Louis IX King of France by Matthew of Paris, who states that the king sent him home with his brother Charles after the battle of Mansurah in 1250[598]. He was invested as Comte de Poitiers et d’Auvergne by his brother King Louis 24 Jun 1241. During King Louis IX’s absence on crusade, Alphonse at first remained in France to assist their mother the regent. He left on crusade with his wife from Aigues-Mortes 26 Aug 1249. He was captured with the King 5 Apr 1250 at Mansurah. He succeeded as Comte de Toulouse by right of his wife in 1249 during his absence abroad. He took possession of Toulouse in Oct 1250, making his official entry 23 May 1251. Following the death of his mother in 1252, he took an active part in governing France (with his brother Charles Comte d’Anjou), taking charge in particular of foreign affairs and military operations. Matthew of Paris records in 1252 that he suffered from an incurable disease[599]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIII Kal Sep" of "Alfonsus quondam Pictavie et Tholose comes frater quondam regum…Ludovici…et Karoli regis Cicilie"[600]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in 1271 of "Alfonsus comes Tholosanus filius regis Francie" at "Savonam feria VI"[601]. Betrothed (by treaty Vendôme Mar 1227) to ISABELLE de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XI] “le Brun” Comte de la Marche & his wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (-14 Jan 1300). She was betrothed to Alphonse de France under the treaty of Vendôme in Mar 1227[602]. m (by treaty 1229, 13 Mar 1234 or 1241) JEANNE de Toulouse, daughter and heiress of RAIMOND VII Comte de Toulouse & his first wife Infanta doña Sancha de Aragón (1220-Castle of Corneto, near Siena 25 Aug 1271, bur Notre-Dame de Gercy, Brie). The papal dispensation for the marriage of "L. regem Francorum...A. frater." and "R. filium quondam comitis Tolosani...filia" despite their 4^o consanguinity is dated 26 Jun 1229[603]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "la fille du comte…Jeanne" was 9 years old in 1229[604]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "alter regis frater Alphonsus" and "filia Raymundi comitis Tolosani", but does not name her[605]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1241 the marriage of "Saint Louis roi de France…Alphonse son frère" and "Jeanne fille du comte de Toulouse", together with "la terre d'Auvergne, du Poitou, et les terres des Albigeois"[606]. She succeeded her father 27 Sep 1249 as Ctss de Toulouse. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in 1271 of "domina Johanna comitissa Tholose, uxor supradicti comitis" (immediately following the record of the death of her husband) at "Savonam...feria 2"[607]. The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse dated 22 Jun 1270 provided bequests to "dominæ Mariæ consanguinæ nostræ", widow of "domini Othonis quondam vicecomitis Leomaniæ" and now "uxoris domini Archambaudi comitis Petragoricensis", to two of Marie's brothers Guillaume and Bernard, and to Gaillarde de Toulouse, daughter of her first cousin Bertrand de Toulouse Vicomte de Bruniquel[608].

8. JEAN de France (-1232, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[609]. The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes “comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie” to “tercius filius noster” and “comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam” to “quartus filius noster”[610]. Assuming that the order of birth of Alphonse and Jean is correctly recorded in the Chronicon Turonense, this testament indicates that Anjou and Maine were originally destined for Alphonse not Jean. Comte d'Anjou et du Maine. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of "duo de fratribus regie Francie, Iohannes et Dagobertus"[611]. Betrothed (Mar 1227) to YOLANDE de Bretagne, daughter of PIERRE Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars (in Brittany end 1218-château de Bouteville 10 Oct 1272, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, église abbatiale de Notre Dame). The Chronicon Turonense records the betrothal of "Rex Franciæ Joannem fratrem suum, puerum octennem" and "filiæ Petri Comitis Britanniæ", and the grant of the county of Anjou to him[612]. The marriage contract between “P. dux Britannie, comes Richemondie…Yolendi filie mee” and “Ludovicus, rex Francorum…Johannem fratrem suum” is dated 27 Mar [1226/27][613]. The Annals of Dunstable record the betrothal of “filiam comitis Britanniæ” and “rex Franciæ…fratri suo minori”, who received the county of Anjou, in 1227[614].

9. PHILIPPE de France dit DAGOBERT (20 Feb 1222-1234, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, Asnières-sur-Oise, transferred to Saint-Denis 1817). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[615]. The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 requests that “quintus filius noster…et omnes alii qui post eum nascentur” become “clericus”[616]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of "duo de fratribus regie Francie, Iohannes et Dagobertus"[617].

10. ISABELLE de France (Mar 1224-Clarrisian Abbey at Longchamps 23 Feb 1270, bur Convent de l’Humilité Notre-Dame). The Chronicon Turonense records the birth in 1224 "mense martio" of "Isabellis, filia Ludovici Regis Franciæ"[618]. The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[619]. The contract of marriage between “I…regina Anglie et comitissa Marchie et Engolismi…Hugone filio nostro primogenito” and “Ludovicem…regem Francie…Elysabet sorore domini regis” is dated Jun 1230[620]. After refusing the hand of Konrad, son of Emperor Friedrich II, she took a vow of chastity, although she never became a nun. She founded the Clarrisian Abbey at Longchamps 1255. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "domina Ysabelli...sorore sancti regis Franciæ Ludovici" founded "cœnobium sororum Minorum juxta sanctum Clodoaldum supra Secanam" in 1259[621]. Pope Leon X beatified her 1521. Betrothed (by treaty of Vendôme Mar 1227, contract Jun 1230) to HUGUES [XII] de la Marche, son of HUGUES [XI] "le Brun" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan, Comte de La Marche et d'Angoulême & his wife Isabelle Ctss d’Angoulême ([1221]-Damietta Apr 1250, bur Abbaye de la Couronne, Charente). He succeeded his father in 1248 as Seigneur de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche et d'Angoulême.

11. ETIENNE de France ([Paris] end 1225-early 1227, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, Asnières-sur-Oise). The Chronicon Turonense records the birth in 1225 (at the end of the text dealing with events in that year) of "Stephanus, Ludovici Regis Francorum filius" and his baptism in Paris[622]. He must have been born after the testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 which only names five (surviving) sons[623]. The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[624].

12. CHARLES de France (posthumously [21] Mar 1227-Foggia 7 Jan 1285, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro). His brother Louis IX King of France installed him as Comte d'Anjou et du Maine, at Melun in Aug 1246. He is recorded as brother of Louis IX King of France by Matthew of Paris, who states that the king sent him home with his brother Alphonse after the battle of Mansurah in 1250[625]. Marquis de Provence and Comte de Forcalquier 1246, in right of his wife. Created Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Aug 1246. He was invested as CHARLES I King of Sicily in 1265.

- KINGS of SICILY.

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Castilla (Château de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214- Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[626]. He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France. Consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 29 Nov 1226. He left on crusade from Aigues-Mortes 25 Aug 1248, landing first at Limassol, Cyprus, then in Egypt in May 1249[627]. His forces captured Damietta in Jun 1249, but King Louis was captured at Fariskur 6 Apr 1250, freed 6 May against the cession of Damietta[628], after which he sailed for Acre and was accepted as de facto ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem[629]. He left Acre 24 Apr 1254 and arrived in France 10 Jul 1254[630]. He died from dysentery after capturing Tunis, at the start of another crusade. He was canonised by Pope Boniface VIII 11 Aug 1297, feast day 25 Aug.

m (Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Yonne 27 May 1234) MARGUERITE de Provence, daughter of RAIMOND BERENGER V Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (St Maime near Forcalquier Spring 1221-Paris, Abbaye de St Marcel 21 Dec 1295, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum records the marriage in 1233 of King Louis IX and "comitis Provincie filiam…Margaretam"[631]. "R Berengarii…comes et marchio Provincie et comes Folcalquerii" made arrangements for the dowry of "filie nostre Margarite" by charter dated 17 May 1234[632]. Consecrated Queen 28 May 1234, Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[633]. After disputing the succession of her youngest sister Béatrice to the county of Provence, she renounced her rights in 1287 and received Beaufort and Baugé. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Paris in 1295 of "regina Franciæ Margareta" and her burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia juxta regem sanctissimum Ludovicum conjugem suum", adding that she had retired to "Parisius apud sanctum Marcellum cœnobium sororum minorum"[634].

King Louis IX & his wife had eleven children:

1. BLANCHE de France (12 Jul or 4 Dec 1240-29 Apr 1243, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Royaumont, transferred 1820 to Saint-Denis). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Translatione sancti Benedicti" in 1240 of "Blanca primogenita Ludovici regis"[635]. Her birth is recorded in 1240 by Matthew of Paris, although he does not name her or give her precise date of birth[636].

2. ISABELLE de France (2 or 18 Mar 1242-Hyères near Marseille 27 Apr 1271, bur Provins, église des Cordeliers). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "die Martis" in 1241 (O.S.) of "Ysabella filia Ludovici regis"[637]. An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the first child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was a daughter who married "au roi de Navarre", and in a later passage records her marriage in 1255[638]. She died on returning from the crusade in Tunis. The "Corónicas" Navarras record the death "XV Kal Mai…apud Yeras" in 1271 of "Helisabet…regina Navarre et comitissa Campanie atque Brie" and her burial "in monasterio…Barra"[639]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "22 Apr" of "Ysabellis quondam regine Navarre…regis Francorum filia"[640]. m (Melun, Seine-et-Marne 6 Apr 1258) TEOBALDO II King of Navarre [THIBAUT V Comte de Champagne], son of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre [THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne] & his third wife Marguerite de Bourbon (1239-Trapani, Sicily 4 Dec 1270, bur Provins, église des Cordeliers).

3. LOUIS de France (21 Sep 1243 or 24 Feb 1244-Paris 11 Jan or [2 Feb] 1260, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Royaumont, transferred to Saint-Denis 1817). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in festo sancti Matthæi Apostoli" in 1243 of "Ludovicus primogenitus Ludovici regis"[641]. An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the second child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "un fuiz...Looys", adding that he died and was buried "à Roiaumont"[642]. The Speculum historiali of Vincent de Beauvais records the birth in 1243 of "Ludovicus filiorum...Ludovici regis Franciæ primogenitus"[643]. He exercised power nominally during his father’s absence, from his grandmother’s death until Jul 1254. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Id Jan" of "Ludovici primogeniti beati Ludovici regis"[644]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1259 of "Louis fils ainé de saint Louis roi de France" and his burial "dans le monastère de Montréal, couvent de l'ordre de Cîteaux"[645]. The Flores historiarum of Adam of Clermont records the death "circa Purificationis Beatæ Virginis" in 1259 [presumably O.S.] of "Ludovicus primogenitus"[646]. Betrothed (Paris 20 Aug 1255) to Infanta doña BERENGUELA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile and León & his wife Infante doña Violante de Aragón (Seville [10 Oct/25 Nov] 1253-Guadalajara, convent of Santa Clara de Toro 1300, bur Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid). This betrothal is recorded by Matthew of Paris, although he does not give her name[647]. She was recognised as her father’s successor 5 May 1255, in default of male heirs, until the birth of her brother 23 Oct 1255. Installed as Señora de Guadalajara by her father. She founded the convent of Santa Clara de Toro at Guadalajara. A nun at Las Huelgas.

4. PHILIPPE de France (Poissy, Yvelines 1 May 1245-Perpignan 5 Oct 1285, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1245 "le premier mai, à la fête des apôtres Jacques et Philippe" of Philippe, son of Louis IX King of France[648]. Heir to the throne in 1260 on the death of his older brother. He succeeded his father in 1270 as PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France.

- see below.

5. JEAN de France ([1246/47]-10 Mar 1248, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1820 to Saint-Denis). Kerrebrouck quotes the monumental inscription which records the burial of "Johannes…Lud[ovici regis Francorum filius]" who died "VI Id Mar" 1247 (O.S.)[649].

6. JEAN “Tristan” de France (Damietta, Egypt 8 Apr 1250-Tunis [2/3] Aug 1270, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fourth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Jehan qui fu nommez Tritrem et fu quens de Nevers"[650]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1250 at Damietta of Jean, whom his mother Marguerite "fit surnommer Tristan, à cause de la tristesse qu'elle ressentit de la captivité de son mari et de ses frères, et des malheurs du people chrétien"[651]. Comte de Nevers 1265 by right of his wife. He claimed to inherit the counties of Auxerre and Tonnerre on the death of his father-in-law. Comte de Valois et de Crépy in Mar 1268. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Aug 1270 "apud Carthaginem" of "regis Franciæ filium Johannem comitem Nivernensium"[652]. He died of dysentery on crusade in Tunis. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Aug" of "Jehan jadis comte de Nevers"[653]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "III Non Aug" of "Johannes comes Nivernensis"[654]. m (contract Vincennes 8 Jun 1258, contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye Jan 1265, Jun 1265) as her first husband, YOLANDE de Bourgogne, daughter of EUDES de Bourgogne [Capet] Comte de Nevers, d’Auxerre et de Tonnerre & his wife Mathilde de Bourbon Dame de Bourbon Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre ([1248/49]-2 Jun 1280, bur Nevers, église Saint-François). The marriage contract between “Oedes fiuz le Duc de Bourgongne, cuens de Nevers et sires de Bourbon...Yolent nostre ainznée fille” and “Loys...roi de France...monseigneur Iehan son fil” is dated 8 Jun 1258[655]. The marriage contract between “Louis roi de France...Jean de France son fils” and “Yoland fille de Eudes comte de Nevers” is dated Jan 1265[656]. On the death of her mother in 1262, she claimed to succeed to the counties of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre as the eldest daughter, but they were split between the three sisters by arrêt du parlement 1 Nov 1273, under which Yolande became Ctss de Nevers. Hugues IV Duke of Burgundy, in light of dispute between “Ioannem filium...Ludovici Franc. regis et...neptem nostram Yolendim eius uxorem, filiam primogeniti filii nostri Odonis”, and himself, ordered that Yolande be returned to her father until her husband was 21 years old by charter dated May 1266[657]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ names "Yolendem filiam Odonis comitis Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici regis Francie" as second wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis", specifying that he obtained the county of Nevers by this marriage[658]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names "Yolandem filiam Odonis comites Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici…regis Francie" as [second] wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis et Mathilde"[659]. She married secondly (contract Auxerre Mar 1272) as his second wife, Robert III Comte de Flandres.

7. PIERRE de France ([1251]-Salerno 6 or 7 Apr 1284, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fifth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Pierre...quens d´Alençon" who married "la fille le conte de Blois"[660]. His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis which records the marriage in 1272 of "comes Alensonis Petrus frater Philippi regis Franciæ" and "Johannam filiam Johannis comitis Blesensis"[661]. He was invested by his father in Mar 1269 as Comte d'Alençon et du Perche, Seigneur de Mortagne et de Bellême. He entered into possession of his lands on return from crusade in Dec 1271. Comte de Blois et de Chartres, by right of his wife. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VII Id Apr" of "domini Petri quondam comitis Alençonii filii quondam regis Francie"[662]. An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the death in Apulia of "comes de Lanso…nepos domini Karoli" in 1284[663]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1284 "in Apuliam" of "comes Alansonis Petrus Philippi regis Franciæ frater", the burial of his flesh and intestines "in abbatia Regalis montis Apuliæ Cisterciensis ordinis" and the burial of his bones and heart "Parisius...apud fratres Prædicatores...apud Minores"[664]. m (by treaty Paris Feb 1263, 1272) JEANNE de Châtillon Ctss de Blois, de Chartres et de Dunois, daughter of JEAN [I] de Châtillon Comte de Blois & his wife Alix de Bretagne ([1253]-19 or 29 Jan 1291, bur Abbaye de Laguiche, near Blois). The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1272 of "comes Alensonis Petrus frater Philippi regis Franciæ" and "Johannam filiam Johannis comitis Blesensis"[665]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "uxor...eius Johanna Blesis comitissa" was childless after the death of "comes Alansonis Petrus Philippi regis Franciæ frater" and that she lived "in sancta viduitate"[666]. She sold the county of Chartres to the crown 1286. The necrology of Chartres records the death "IV Kal Feb" of "Joanna de Castellione comitissa Carnotensis vidua Petri de Francia comitis de Alençonio filii Ludovici regis"[667]. A charter dated Jan 1295 records that “Johannis comitis Britannie” and “Hugonis de Castellione comitis Blesen.” agreed a division of territories following the deaths of “la contesse Jehane de Blois...sans hoir [...et du conte Pierre d´Alençon son mary]...du conte Jehan de Bloys et de la contesse Aaliz notre seur sa femme”[668]. Comte Philippe & his wife had two children:

a) LOUIS d’Alençon ([1272]-[1272/73], bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1791 to Saint-Denis). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Père Anselme says that Louis died “à l’âge d’un an” and was buried “en l’abbaye de Royaumont, comme porte son épitaphe placée sur son tombeau, où se voit son effigie et celle de son frère”[669]. Kerrebrouck records that the tomb of Louis and Philippe is preserved "au musée de Cluny à Paris"[670].

b) PHILIPPE d’Alençon ([1274]-[1275], bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1791 to Saint-Denis). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Père Anselme says that Philippe died “à 14 mois” and “est aussi mentionné dans l’épitaphe de son frère”[671]. Kerrebrouck records that the tomb of Louis and Philippe is preserved "au musée de Cluny à Paris"[672].

8. BLANCHE de France ([Jaffa early 1253]-Paris, Monastère des Clarisses de l’Ave Maria, Faubourg Saint-Marcel 17 Jun 1320, bur Paris, Monastère des Clarisses de l’Ave Maria, Faubourg Saint-Marcel). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the birth of "Blanche" second daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence", after the birth of "Robert...quens de Clermont em Biauvoisin" [which is inconsistent with other sources], adding that she married "le roy d´Espaigne"[673]. Matthew of Paris records the birth of King Louis's daughter in Palestine but does not name her[674]. The chronology of the family suggests that this daughter must have been Blanche, but this is not beyond all doubt. The marriage contract between "Donum Fernandum primogenitum Domini…Alfonsi…Electi in Regem Romanorum necnon et Castellæ, Toleti, Legionis, Galeciæ, Sibil. Cordub. Murc. Giem. et Alguarb. Regis" and "Dominum Ludovicum…Regem Franciæ…dominam Blancham filiam suam" is dated 28 Sep 1266[675]. The Chronicon de Cardeña records the marriage “dia de Sant Andres” in 1269 of “Infant D. Ferrando con Doña Blanca fija del Rey de Francia”[676]. She was imprisoned in Castile on the death of her husband, but returned to France in 1277 from where she attempted to have the rights of her son to the throne of Castile recognised. The testament of "Philippes…Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[677]. m (contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye 28 Sep 1266, Burgos 30 Nov 1268) Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla “él de la Cerda”, son of ALFONSO X “el Sabio” King of Castile & his wife Infanta doña Violanta de Aragón (Valladolid 23 Oct 1255-Ciudad Real 25 Jul 1275, bur Las Huelgas de Burgos).

9. MARGUERITE de France ([early 1255]-Jul 1271, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the third daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" married "au duc de Braibant" but did not live long[678]. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was born after Blanche, but before her brother Robert. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Ampliata names "Margaretam filiam sancti Ludovici Regis Francie" as the first wife of "Iohannes dux Lothoringie et Brabantie" specifying that she had one son[679]. The primary source which confirms her first betrothal has not yet been identified. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Johannes primus…in ducatu Lotharingie et Brabancie" married "Margaretam, filiam Philippi regis Francorum", adding that she died in childbirth with her child[680]. Betrothed (1257) to HENRI de Brabant, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le Débonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Louvain [1251/52]-after 29 Apr 1272). This betrothal was terminated because of the imbecility of the fiancé. He succeeded his father in 1261 as HENRI IV Duke of Brabant, but abdicated in 1267 in favour of his younger brother whom Marguerite later married. m ([1270]) as his first wife, JEAN I “the Victorious” Duke of Brabant, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le Débonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Brussels 1253-Antwerp 3 May 1294, bur Brussels Franciscan Church).

10. ROBERT de France (1256-7 Feb 1317, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the sixth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Robert...quens de Clermont em Biauvoisin" who married "la fille au seigneur de Bourbon"[681]. His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis which names "rex Franciæ fratrem suum Robertum comitem Clarimontis"[682]. The Majus Chronicon Lemovicense records the birth in 1256 of "Robertus filius Ludovici...regis" and his betrothal to "filia vicecomitis Lemovicensis"[683]. He was created Comte de Clermont, Seigneur de Creil-sur-Oise et de Sassy-le-Grand in Mar 1269. He received severe head injuries, which affected his reason for the rest of his life, during a tournament in Paris in 1279 in celebration of the arrival of Charles d'Anjou Prince of Salerno [later Charles II King of Sicily][684]. Seigneur de Bourbon 1287, by right of his wife.

- COMTES de CLERMONT.

11. AGNES de France ([1260]-Château de Lantenay, Côte d’Or 19 or 20 Dec 1325, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux). An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fourth daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" married "au duc de Bourgoigne"[685]. She was regent of Burgundy during the minority of her son Duke Hugues from 1306 until 9 Nov 1311. The necrology of Cîteaux records the death "XIII Kal Jan" of "Agnes ducissa Burgundiæ filia Ludovici regis Francorum"[686]. m (contract 20 Oct 1272, 1273) ROBERT II “Sans Terre” Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES IV Duke of Burgundy & his first wife Yolande de Dreux ([1245/50]-Vernon, Eure 21 Mar 1306, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux).

PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS IX King of France & his wife Marguerite de Provence (Poissy, Yvelines 1 May 1245-Perpignan 5 Oct 1285, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in festo apostolorum Philippi et Jacobi" in 1245 of "Philippus filius Ludovici regis"[687]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1245 "le premier mai, à la fête des apôtres Jacques et Philippe" of Philippe, son of Louis IX King of France[688]. The Speculum historiali of Vincent de Beauvais records the birth in 1243 of "Ludovicus filiorum...Ludovici regis Franciæ primogenitus" and the birth "anno sequenti" of "ei secundus filius...Philippus"[689]. Heir to the throne 1260 on the death of his older brother. He succeeded his father in 1270 as PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 15 Aug 1271. He succeeded his uncle in Toulouse 1271. He was a candidate for the imperial throne in 1273. King Philippe III invaded Aragon in early 1285 and briefly captured Girona 7 Sep 1285. The testament of "Philippes…Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[690]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1285 "apud Perpeigniacum" of "Philippus...rex Franciæ", the burial of his flesh and intestines "apud Narbonam in majori ecclesia" and the burial of his heart "fratres Prædicatores Parisius...in sua...ecclesia"[691]. The necrology of the Leprosery at Sens records the death "VI Non Oct" of "Phylippus filius Ludovicus regi Francorum" at the castle of "Paripagniaus"[692].

m firstly (by contract Corbès near Montpellier 11 May 1258, Clermont-en-Auvergne 6 Jul 1262) Infanta doña ISABEL de Aragón, daughter of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his second wife Iolanda of Hungary (1243-Cosenza, Calabria 28 Jan 1271, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "la primera…Violant…la otra Costancia…et Isabel…la quarta…Maria" as the four daughters of King Jaime and his second wife, stating that Isabel married "Phelip filio primogenito del Rey de Francia"[693]. The marriage contract between "Ludovicus…Francorum Rex…filium nostrum Philippum" and "Isabellam filiam…Jacobi…Regis Aragonum, Maioricarum et Valentiæ, comitem Barchinonensem et Urgelli et dominum Montispessulani" is dated 11 May 1258[694]. The Flores historiarum of Adam of Clermont records the marriage "in civitate Claromontensi" in 1262 of "Philippus regis Franciæ filius" and "filiam regis Aragonum...Ysabellam neptem beatæ Helizabeth Teutonicæ", adding that his father-in-law granted Philippe his property "in civitate Bituricensi, Carcassona et in diœcesi Mimatensi" in exchange for property "in comitatibus de Besaudu et Rossilionis et Cataloniæ"[695]. The “Visitation” of Rigaud Archbishop of Rouen records “II Non Jul” 1262 that he conducted the marriage (“desponsavimus”) “in majori ecclesia dicti loci” (suggested in the edition consulted to be “Clari Montis”) of “dominum Philippum primogenitum domini regis Francorum” and “domicella Ysabelli filia...regis Aragonum”[696]. The Gesta Sancti Ludovici records “circa Pentecosten” 1262 the marriage “apud Claromontem in Avernia” of “Ludovicus rex Franciæ...Philippo filio suo primogenito” and “Ysabellam filiam regis Aragoniæ”[697]. She died, 6 months pregnant, after a fall from a horse on returning from the crusade in Tunis. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "V Kal Feb" of "dominis Ysabellis de Aragonis quondam Francie regine"[698].

m secondly (contract Vincennes 21 Aug 1274) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI III Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Louvain ([1260]-Murel near Meulan 12 Jan 1322, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names (in order) "Henricum…Iohannem…Godefridum…et Mariam" as the children of "Henricus…tertius dux" & his wife, specifying that Marie was later "regina Francie"[699]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1274 "die Martis infra octavas Assumptionis beatæ Mariæ...apud Vincenas" of "Philippus rex Franciæ" and "Mariam...filiam Henrici quondam ducis Brabantiæ ex filia ducis Hugonis Burgundiæ et sororem Joannis tunc Brabantiæ ducis"[700]. She was consecrated Queen of France at Paris, Sainte Chapelle 24 Jun 1275. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the consecration in 1275 "apud Parisius...in festo sancti Joannis Baptistæ" of "Maria regina Franciæ"[701]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1321 (O.S.) of "Maria quondam regina Franciæ, orta de Brabanto et quondam ducis filia, uxor Philippi regis Franciæ filii sancti Ludovici" and her burial "apud fratres Minores Parisius"[702]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "IV Id Jan" of "domina Maria de Brebencia quondam regina Francie uxor quondam Philippi regi Francie dicti le Hardi"[703].

King Philippe III & his first wife had five children:

1. LOUIS de France (1263-of poisoning Château du Bois de Vincennes 1276 before May, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1276 of "Ludovicus primogenitus filius regis Franciæ Philippi", allegedly poisoned, adding that it was rumoured that "regina Maria uxor regis" was responsible[704]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1276 of "Ludovicus primogenitus regis Franciæ Philippi" and his burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia"[705].

2. PHILIPPE de France (Fontainebleau [8 Apr/Jun] 1268-Fontainebleau 29 Nov 1314, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, his heart bur Priory of Poissy). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1268 of "Philippus filius Philippi primogeniti sancti regis Franciæ Ludovici"[706]. He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother. He succeeded 1284 by right of his wife as FELIPE I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne. He succeeded his father in 1285 as PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France.

- see below.

3. ROBERT de France (1269-1276, before May, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Kerrebrouck states that Robert was born in 1269[707]. Accounts for "le terme de l´Ascension 1276" records payment made to "Maria, nutrix deffuncti Roberti filii regis"[708].

4. CHARLES de France (Vincennes 12 Mar 1270-Le Perray, Yvelines 16 Dec 1325, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Quadragesima" in 1270 of "Carolus filius Philippi regis de prima uxore"[709]. Comte de Valois et d'Alençon 1285.

- see below, Chapter 2. KINGS of FRANCE, HOUSE of VALOIS.

5. child stillborn ([Cosenza] 28 Jan 1271). The Grandes Chroniques de France record that “madame Ysabel, femme le roy” was “ençainte et toute plaine d’enfant” when she fell from her horse[710].

King Philippe III & his second wife had three children:

6. LOUIS de France (May 1276-Hôtel d’Evreux, Paris 19 May 1319, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth in May 1276 of "Ludovicus filius Philippi regis de uxore secunda"[711]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroiciæ civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angliæ ac Blancham ducissam Austriæ" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife[712]. "Philippus…Francorum Rex" granted annual revenue to "fratri nostro Ludovico", by charter dated Apr 1307[713]. Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger (Beaumont-sur-Oise) 1284-1298. Comte d’Evreux, de Meulan, de Gien et de Longueville 6 Oct 1298, confirmed Apr 1308. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "sabbato post Ascensionem Domini" in 1319 of "dominus Ludovicus comes Ebroicensis" and his burial "juxta uxorem suam in ecclesia fratrum Prædictorum Parisius"[714]. The Chronique Parisienne records the death in 1319 “le jour d´un vendredi aprez l´Ascencion Nostre Seigneur...à Longpont” of “Louys de France conte de la cité d´Evreux, frere de Philippe le Beaux jadiz roy de France” and his burial “le mardy ensuivant...à Paris en l´eglise des Jacobins”[715]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "20 May" of "Ludovici comitis Ebroicensis"[716]. m (1301) MARGUERITE d’Artois dame de Brie-Comte-Robert, daughter of PHILIPPE d'Artois Seigneur de Conches & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1285-23/24 Apr or 26 Oct 1311, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that one of the daughters of "Philippus filius Roberti comitis Attrebatensis" married "Ludovicus regis Franciæ frater, comes Ebroicarum"[717]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1301 of "Ludovicus comes Ebroicensis frater regis Franciæ" and "Margaretam filiam Philippi Roberti comitis Attrebatensis filii"[718]. Philippe IV King of France granted revenue to "consanguinea nostra Blancha...J. ducis Britannie filia" for “Margarete filie sue...Ludovici comitis Ebroicensis germani nostri...uxori...maritagii” by charter dated Jul 1303[719]. Dame de Brie-Comte-Robert. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "26 Oct" of "Margarethæ quondam comitissæ Ebroicensis"[720]. Louis Comte d'Evreux & his wife had five children:

a) MARIE d’Evreux (1303-31 Oct 1335, bur Brussels, Franciscan Church). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Ampliata names "Mariam filiam domini Ludovici fratris Regis Francie" as the wife of "Iohannem ducem…tercium"[721]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Johannes tertius" married "Mariam filiam Ludowici comitis Eboracensis"[722]. m (1314) JEAN III “le Triomphant” Duke of Brabant, son of JEAN II Duke of Brabant & his wife Margaret of England (1300-Brussels 5 Dec 1355, bur Villers-la-Ville, Brabant).

b) PHILIPPE d’Evreux (27 Mar 1306-Jerez de la Frontera 23 or 26 Sep 1343, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa María el Real). Comte d’Angoulême et de Mortain 27 Mar 1318, confirmed by the Treaty of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon 14 Mar 1336. He succeeded his father in 1319 as Comte d’Evreux. He was proclaimed FELIPE III “le Bon/le Sage” King of Navarre by an Assembly in 1328, shortly after the succession of Philippe VI King of France. Crowned King of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa María el Real. He died after being injured in the neck by an arrow at the siege of Algeciras. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VI Kal Oct" of "Philippus rex Navarre"[723]. m (contract Paris 27 Mar 1318, 18 Jun 1318) JEANNE de France, daughter of LOUIS X “le Hutin” King of France & his first wife Marguerite de Bourgogne [Capet] (Conflans Sainte Honorine 28 Jan 1312-died of the plague Château de Conflans 6 Oct 1349, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). On the death of her father, she was excluded from the succession to the French crown, her birth being suspicious because of the reputation of her mother. Following her maternal grandmother’s protests, her uncle King Philippe V confirmed her future rights to the counties of Champagne and Brie 27 Mar 1318. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1318 of "regis Ludovici nuper defuncti...filia" and "comitis Ebroicensis Ludovico [filio Philippo]"[724]. The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage “le jour de la feste de la Trinité Nostre Seigneur à Paris au palaiz royal” of “Philippe filz de mons. Louys [conte de la conté d´Evreux” and “Marie l´aisnée fille de Louys jadiz roy de France et de Navarre”, dated to 1318 from the context[725]. She was proclaimed JUANA II Queen of Navarre by an Assembly 1328 shortly after the succession of Philippe VI as King of France. Crowned Queen of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa María el Real. She renounced her rights to the county of Champagne 1335.

- KINGS of NAVARRE.

c) CHARLES d’Evreux (-5 Sep 1336, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). Baron d’Etampes 1319. Comte d'Etampes Sep 1327. m (by treaty Poissy, Yvelines Apr 1335) as her first husband, doña MARÍA de la Cerda dame de Lunel, daughter of don FERNANDO de la Cerda de Castilla & his wife doña Juana Nuñez Señora de Lara ([1319]-Paris 13 Mar 1375, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Ayala´s Crónica de Enrique II records in 1373 that “Doña Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda e de Doña Juana de Lara, hermana de Don Juan Nuñez de Lara Señor de Vizcaya, Condesa de Alanzon...primero casada en Francia con el Conde de Estampas...y despues...con el Conde de Alanzon, hermano del Rey Don Phelipe de Francia” claimed “las tierras de Lara é de Vizcaya” from Enrique II King of Castile[726]. She married secondly Charles II Comte d’Alençon. The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "domine Marie de Hyspania comitisse de Alençonio" mother of "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[727]. Charles Comte d'Etampes & his wife had two children:

i) LOUIS d’Evreux [d'Etampes] (1336-Paris Hôtel de Nesle 6 May 1400, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[728]. Comte d’Etampes et de Gien 1336. Seigneur de Beaufort et de Soleines en Champagne Feb 1357. Seigneur de Lunel 20 Apr 1364. m (contract 16 Jan 1358) as her second husband, JEANNE de Brienne, widow of GAUTHIER [VI] de Brienne Conte de Lecce e Conversano titular Duke of Athens, daughter of RAOUL I de Brienne Comte d’Eu et de Guines & his wife Jeanne de Mello Dame de Lormes (-Sens 6 Jul 1389, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des comtes d´Eu, written in 1390, names "Jehanne...et Marie" as the two daughters of "Raoul" and his wife "madame de Mello", adding that Jeanne married "au duc d´Athènes et depuis au conte d´Estampes"[729]. Dame de Château-Chinon. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the marriage 16 Jan 1358 of “monseigneur Loys conte d’Estampes” and “madame Jehanne de Eu, fille jadis de Raoul conte de Eu et de Guynes et connestable de France”, widow of “monseigneur Gautier duc d’Athennes et conte de Brenne en Champaigne et connestable de France” who had been killed at Poitiers[730]. The Chronique de Saint-Denis records the death 13 Jul 1389 of “madame Jeanne duchesse d’Athènes, femme de messire Louis comte d’Etampes” and her burial in “l’église de Saint-Denis l’Aréopagite” to which she had bequeathed “les trois riches vêtements dont elle avait été parée le jour de son premier mariage”[731].

ii) JEAN d’Etampes (-Rome after 1373). The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[732]. He was held hostage by the English in 1360 for the release of Jean II “le Bon” King of France.

d) MARGUERITE d’Evreux (1307-1350, bur Notre-Dame de Boulogne-sur-Mer). A charter dated 25 Jul 1331 is addressed to "Margaritæ comitissæ Boloniæ natæ quondam Ludovici de Francia comitis Ebroicensis"[733]. "Domina Marguerita Ebroicensi Arverniæ et Boloniæ comitissa tutrice...Johannæ filiæ suæ et quondam...Guillelmi...comitis" is named in a charter dated 1334[734]. m (1325) GUILLAUME [XI] Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, son of ROBERT VII “le Grand” Comte d’Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Blanche de Clermont (-Château de Vic-le-Comte, Puy-de-Dôme 6 Aug 1332).

e) JEANNE d’Evreux (1310-Brie-Comte-Robert 14 Mar 1371, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex" married "Johannam quondam filiam comitis Ebroicensis, cognatam suam germanam...avunculi sui filiam" after the death of his second wife[735]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "III Non Jul" in 1324 of King Charles and "filiam quondam domini Ludovici patruelis sui, comitis Ebroycensis" after dispensation for 2^o consanguinity[736]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 4 Mar 1370 (O.S.) at “Braye-Conte-Robert” of “madame Jehanne d’Evreux royne de France et de Navarre...femme du roy Charles...” and her burial “à Saint-Denis“[737]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Joanna de Ebroicis regina Francie et Navarre"[738]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Johanne de Ebroys Francie et Navarre regine uxoris Karoli quarti…filii…Philippi Pulcri Francie regis"[739]. m (Paris 1325) as his third wife, CHARLES IV King of France, son of PHILIPPE IV King of France & his wife Juana I Queen of Navarre (Creil, Oise 18 Jun 1294-Château du Bois de Vincennes 1 Feb 1328, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

7. MARGUERITE de France ([1277/83]-Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire 14 Feb 1318, bur Grey Friars, London). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroiciæ civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angliæ ac Blancham ducissam Austriæ" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife, recording in a later passage the marriage of Marguerite "apud Cantuariam" in 1299[740]. Edward I King of England appointed “Amadeum comitem Sabaudiæ consanguineum nostrum” as proxy for the marriages between “nos et Margaretam sororem...regis Franciæ...ac inter Edwardum filium nostrum et Isabellam...regis Franciæ filiam” by charter dated 12 May 1299[741]. The Annals of Worcester record the marriage “Sep…IV Id…in ecclesia Cantuarensi” in 1299 of “Edwardus rex” and “Margareta soror Philippi Regis Franciæ”[742]. A charter dated 27 Sep 1299 lists the dower assigned by King Edward to “Margaretam sororem...regis Franciæ”[743]. The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 records the death [in 1318] of “Marguerite roynne d’Engleterre, fille du roy Philippe...fame segonde au grant Edouart jadiz roy de Engleterre...”[744]. King Edward II issued a charter dated 18 Apr 1318 to “Thomæ comiti Norffolciæ et marescallo Angliæ et Edmundo de Wodestok fratribus nostris...executoribus testamenti bonæ memoriæ Margaretæ nuper reginæ Angliæ matris nostræ”[745]. m ([Betrothed 12 May 1299] treaty Montreuil 19 Jun 1299, Canterbury Cathedral 8 Sep 1299) as his second wife, EDWARD I King of England, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (Palace of Westminster 17/18 Jun 1239-Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland 8 Jul 1307, bur Westminster Abbey).

8. BLANCHE de France Ctss d'Alsace ([1278/85]-Vienna 19 Mar 1306, bur Vienna, Minoritenkirche). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroiciæ civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angliæ ac Blancham ducissam Austriæ" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife, recording in a later passage the marriage of Blanche and "regis Romanorum Alberti filius Radulfus dux Austriæ" in 1299 "apud Parisius"[746]. [The Annals of Worcester record that Edward I King of England was absorbed by “immoderatus amor” for “mulieris Gallicæ et neptis propriæ” in 1294[747]. The source does not record the person to whom it refers. The editor of the edition consulted suggests in a footnote that she was Blanche, daughter of King Philippe III, citing “Bart. Cott. p. 232”.] Her Austrian marriage was arranged to confirm King Albrecht's new alliance with France[748]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Mar 1306 of "ducissa Austriæ Blancha, regis Franciæ soror ex patre...cum filio suo unico", poisoned[749]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death “empoisonnée par ledit duc, si comme l’en disoit...ou moys de mars” of “Blanche duchesse d’Austrie seur du roy de par son pere”[750]. The necrology of Königsfelden records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "domina Blanka" without giving further details to identify her[751]. The necrology of Feldbach records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Blanka relicta Ruodolfi quondam regis Boemie"[752], although this implies, wrongly it appears, that her husband predeceased her. The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "XIV Kal Apr 1305" of "Blanka filia regis Francie, ducissa Austrie et Styrie"[753]. The necrology of Minoritenkirche, Vienna records the death "XIV Kal 1305" of "Blanka ducissa Austrie filia Philippi regis Francie consors Rudolfi ducis Austrie hic sepulta"[754]. The necrology of Rein records the death "IV Non Mar" of "Planca ducissa Austrie et Stirie"[755], although this date is inconsistent with other sources. Betrothed (Sep 1290) to JEAN de Flandre, son of GUY Count of Flanders & his second wife Isabelle de Luxembourg Ctss de Namur ([1267/75]-[28 Oct 1329/31 Jan 1330], Bruges, église des Cordeliers). He succeeded in 1298 as JEAN I Comte de Namur. Betrothed (31 Jul 1291) to EDWARD Prince of Wales, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr 1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester Cathedral). He succeeded his father in 1307 as EDWARD II King of England. Betrothed (1296) JEAN de Hainaut Graaf van Oostrevant, son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Philippine de Luxembourg (-killed in battle near Courtrai 11 Jul 1302). m (by treaty Aug 1299, Paris 29 May 1300) as his first wife, RUDOLF III Duke of Austria, son of ALBRECHT I King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Bohemia ([1282]-Heerlager [Horazdiowitz/Horaždovice] an der Otava/Mottawa 4 Jul 1307, bur Prague, St Veit’s Cathedral). He succeeded in 1306 as RUDOLF King of Bohemia.

PHILIPPE de France, son of PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France & his first wife Infanta doña Isabel de Aragón (Fontainebleau 8 Apr/Jun 1268-Fontainebleau 29 Nov 1314, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, his heart bur Priory of Poissy). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1268 of "Philippus filius Philippi primogeniti sancti regis Franciæ Ludovici"[756]. He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother. He succeeded in 1284 by right of his wife as FELIPE I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne. He succeeded his father in 1285 as PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 6 Jan 1286. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...cum uxore" were crowned in 1285 (O.S.) "Remis...die festo Epiphanie"[757]. He refused the offer of Pope Nicholas IV 1290 to become guardian of the Holy Land. He conquered Bordeaux and Guyenne from King Edward I of England 1294, although these territories were returned to England under the terms of the peace treaty of Paris 20 May 1303. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "in eodem quo natus loco...in castro de Fonte Bliaudi...III Kal Dec" in 1314 of "Philippus rex Franciæ" and his burial "in apud Sanctum Dionysium", his heart being buried "apud Pyssiacum" in the monastery which he founded[758]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Kal Dec" of "domini Philippi nepotism beati Ludovici quondam regis Francie et Navarre"[759].

m (contract May 1275, Paris, Notre Dame 16 Aug 1284) JUANA I Queen of Navarre Ctss de Champagne, daughter of ENRIQUE I King of Navarre, HENRI III Comte de Champagne & his wife Blanche d’Artois (Bar-sur-Seine 14 Jan 1273-Château de Vincennes 31 Mar or 2 Apr 1305, bur Paris église des Cordeliers). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1284 "festo Assumptionis beatæ virginis matris Domini...crastino...apud Parisius" of "Philippus regis Franciæ Philippi filius major natu" and "Johannam filiam defuncti regis Navarræ comitisque Campaniæ Henrici"[760]. The contract between "Philippus…Francorum Rex" and "Blancham Reginam Navarræ, Campaniæ, Briæque Comitissam Palatinam", dated May 1275, provides for the marriage between "filiam suam Joannam heredem unicam" and "unum ex duobus primogenitis nostris"[761]. After her marriage, she continued to govern Champagne personally, her husband governing Navarre. A charter dated 1297 records the appointment of arbitrators in the dispute between "Mathildis de Courtenaio comitissa Theati uxor…domini Philippi de Flandria, filii…comitis Flandrensis" and "Lora vicecomitissa Turenne domina de Cabanesio soror dicte domine Mathildis" concerning the county of Bigorre, which they had sold to "domina Johanna regina Francie et Navarre"[762]. A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[763]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Apr 1305 "apud nemus Vincennarum" of "Johanna regina Franciæ et Navarræ, Britanniæ et Campaniæ comitissa" and her burial "in ecclesia fratrum Minorum"[764]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Kal Apr" of "domine Johanne quondam regine Francie et Navarre"[765].

King Philippe IV & his wife had seven children:

1. LOUIS de France (Paris 4 Oct 1289-Château du Bois de Vincennes 5 Jun 1316, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Grandes Chroniques de France record the birth “la quarte none d’Octembre” of “Loys l’ainsné filz du roy Phelippe roy de France, de Jehanne la royne sa femme royne de Navarre”[766]. He succeeded his mother in 1305 as LUIS I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne. Crowned King of Navarre at Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa María el Real, 1 Oct 1307. He succeeded his father in 1314 as LOUIS X "le Hutin" King of France. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 24 Aug 1315. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "in domo regali nemoris Vicenarum" 5 Jul 1316 of "Ludovicus rex Franciæ et Navarræ" and his burial "primo Parisius in ecclesia beatæ Virginis...sequenti ad ecclesiam beati Dionysii"[767]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VIII Id Jun" of "Ludovici quondam Francie et Navarre Regis"[768]. His date of death is confirmed as 5 Jun by a manuscript account of 1316 which records that he died “V de junii anno predicto” and was buried “VII diem junii CCC XVI”[769]. m firstly (contract Abbaye de Longchamp 28 Feb 1299/1300, contract Vincennes 28 Mar 1301, Corbeil, Essonne 23 Sep 1305) MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France (1290-Château-Gaillard from tuberculosis 30 Apr 1315, bur Vernon, église des Cordeliers). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "die Jovis post festum sancti Matthæi apostoli" in 1305 of "Ludovicus primogenitus regis Francorum" and "Margaretam primogenitam ducis Burgundie"[770]. “Hugues dux de Bourgoigne” promised to pay “quatre mile livres de tornois fors” to “nostre…uncle mons. Jehan de Chalon signour d´Allay” less the sum owed to “adit roy mon signour dou marriage de madame la reyne de Navarre nostre…suer”[771]. Accused of adultery in 1314, she was imprisoned at Château-Gaillard where she died soon after. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarræ regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarræ Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314[772]. The allegations against her, and her sisters-in-law, were the subject of la Ballade des dames du temps jadis by François Villon[773]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1315 of "Margareta quondam Navarræ regina" and her burial "Vernone in ecclesia fratrum Minorem"[774]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death in Apr 1315 of "uxor prima Ludovici regis Franciæ, filia ducis Burgundiæ" held "in privata custodia"[775]. m secondly (Paris 31 Jul 1315) CLEMENCE of Hungary, daughter of CHARLES MARTEL of Sicily, Principe di Salerno, KÁROLY I titular King of Hungary [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Klementia von Habsburg (Feb 1293-Paris 12 Oct 1328, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "circa Natale Domini" in 1314 "cambellanum et secretarium suum Hugonem de Bovilla" was sent "ad partes Siciliæ" to bring back "Clementiam regis Hungariæ filiam" to marry "Ludovicus rex Franciæ et Navarræ", and in a later passage records their marriage "julio mense in festo beatæ Christinæ...apud sanctum Dionysium" in 1315[776]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage 31 Jul 1315 of "Ludovicus rex" and "Clementiam filiam quondam Karoli Martelli, qui fuit filius primogenitus Karoli secundi regis Siciliæ"[777]. She was consecrated Queen with her husband, Notre-Dame de Reims 24 Aug 1315. The Chronique Parisienne records the death “le jeudi“ 13 Oct 1328 of “Climence la roynne de France et de Navarre...fame jadiz de Louys roy de France et de Navarre” and her burial “le lundi ensuivant en l´eglise des Freres Prescheurs Jacobins”[778]. Mistress (1): ISABELLE Thory, wife of ---, daughter of ---. Père Anselme records the letter of Pope John XXII addressed to her daughter, dated 1330, which stated that her mother was “conjugata”[779]. Her name is confirmed by the 8 Jan 1340 (O.S.) document quoted below under her daughter. King Louis X & his first wife had one child:

a) JEANNE de France (Conflans Sainte Honorine 28 Jan 1312-Château de Conflans 6 Oct 1349, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth "V Kal Feb" in 1311 (O.S.) of "Ludovicus rex...filiam Johannam"[780]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Ludovicus rex Franciæ et Navarræ" left "filiam unicam...Johannam" by his first wife[781]. On the death of her father, she was excluded from the succession to the French crown, her birth being suspicious because of the reputation of her mother. Following her maternal grandmother’s protests, her uncle King Philippe V confirmed her future rights to the counties of Champagne and Brie 27 Mar 1318. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1318 of "regis Ludovici nuper defuncti...filia" and "comitis Ebroicensis Ludovico [filio Philippo]"[782]. The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage “le jour de la feste de la Trinité Nostre Seigneur à Paris au palaiz royal” of “Philippe filz de mons. Louys [conte de la conté d´Evreux” and “Marie l´aisnée fille de Louys jadiz roy de France et de Navarre”, dated to 1318 from the context[783]. She was proclaimed JUANA II Queen of Navarre by an assembly in 1328 shortly after the accession of Philippe VI as King of France, when he renounced his rights to the crown of Navarre. She renounced her rights to the county of Champagne in 1335. She died of the plague. m (contract Paris 27 Mar 1318, 18 Jun 1318) PHILIPPE d’Evreux, son of LOUIS de France Comte d’Evreux & his wife Marguerite d’Artois (27 Mar 1306-Jerez de la Frontera 23 Sep 1343, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa María el Real). Comte d’Angoulême et de Mortain 27 Mar 1318, confirmed by the Treaty of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon 14 Mar 1336. He succeeded his father in 1319 as Comte d’Evreux. He was proclaimed FELIPE III “le Bon/le Sage” King of Navarre by an Assembly 1328, shortly after the succession of Philippe VI King of France. Crowned King of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa María el Real.

King Louis X & his second wife had one child:

b) JEAN de France (posthumously Paris 14 Nov 1316-Louvre 19 Nov 1316, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth "Parisius apud Luparam XXVII Kal Dec ex regina Clementia" of "puer masculus regis Ludovici...Johannes", his death "XIII Kal mensis predicti ibidem", and his burial "in ecclesia beati Dionysii"[784]. The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 records that “Climence la roynne de France” gave birth 13 Nov 1316 “en la cité de Paris, au Louvre” to “Jehan” who died 18 Nov “au Louvre” and was buried “à Saint-Denys en France”[785]. He succeeded at birth as JEAN I “le Posthume” King of France, JUAN I King of Navarre.

King Louis X had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):

c) EUDELINE (before 23 Sep 1305-before 8 Jan 1341). Père Anselme records the letter of Pope John XXII addressed to Eudeline, dated 1330, praising her merits while noting that she was born to King Louis X before his marriage (“soluto”) by a mother “conjugata”[786]. Nun, later abbess, at the Cordeline convent, Faubourg Saint Marcel, Paris. Pope John XXII granted dispensation for Eudeline’s election as abbess, dated 10 Aug 1331, noting that “elle a effacé la tache de sa naissance, n´étant pas née d’un légitime mariage, mais par un commerce criminel entre le feu roi de France, libre alors, et une femme mariée” (“non ex legitimo thoro nata sed ex clare memorie Ludovico rege Franciæ soluto et conjugata”)[787]. Père Théobald, noting a document dated 6 Nov 1331 which named as abbess “Marguerite de St-Quentin, qui mourut en 1333 ou 1334”, supposed that Eudeline was abbess between 1334 and 1339[788], although the 1331 dispensation suggests that an earlier departure of her predecessor was planned. Eudeline’s mother is named in the following document, which also indicates Eudeline’s decease: King Philippe VI granted annual revenue to the Cordelières de Saint-Marcel, from the income which “Eudeline fille jadiz Ysabel de Thory, especiere, laquelle Eudeline estoit seur cordeliere à Saint-Marcel et y est trepassée de nouvel” had received from “la prevostée et peage de la ville de Vernon”, by charter dated 8 Jan 1340 (O.S.)[789]. .

2. MARGUERITE de France ([1290/91]-after Nov 1294). Père Anselme names Marguerite as eldest daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she “fut promise par traité passé avant la fête de lña Toussaints 1294 à Ferdinand IV roy de Castille, mais cela n’eut aucun effet”[790]. If it is correct that Marguerite was her father’s oldest daughter, it is unclear why she was not betrothed to Infante don Fernando in [Apr] 1294, the date of his betrothal to her supposed younger sister Blanche (unless there was confusion about the year of Blanche’s betrothal and that Marguerite’s betrothal to Fernando preceded hers). One possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king’s daughters. Betrothed (end Oct 1294) to Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla, son of SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and León & his wife doña María Alfonso de Molina “la Grande” (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312). He succeeded in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and León.

3. ISABELLE de France (Paris [1291/92]-Castle Rising, Norfolk or Hertford Castle 21 Nov 1358, bur Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). Père Anselme states that Isabelle was born in 1292 but does not cite the primary source on which he bases this date[791]. The chronology of the births of Philippe IV’s children is tight and would fit better if Isabelle was born in 1291. Edward I King of England appointed “Amadeum comitem Sabaudiæ consanguineum nostrum” as proxy for the marriages between “nos et Margaretam sororem...regis Franciæ...ac inter Edwardum filium nostrum et Isabellam...regis Franciæ filiam” by charter dated 12 May 1299[792]. The betrothal contract between “Ed. filz du roi d´Angleterre” and “Isabel fille du roi de France” is dated 20 May 1303[793]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "apud Boloniam…in festo Conversionis Sancti Pauli" in 1308 of "rex Edwardus" and "Isabellam filiam regis Franciæ Philippi"[794]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in Jan 1308 "apud Boloniam supra mare" of "Eduardus Angliæ rex" and "filiam unicam regis Franciæ Philippi...Isabellam"[795]. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the marriage “apud Boloniam...V Kal Feb” of “rex Edwardus” and “Isabellam filiam...regis Francie”[796]. She was crowned Queen of England with her husband [23/25] Feb 1308. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the return of the couple to England 5 Feb and their coronation “VII Kal Mar...apud Westmonasterium”[797]. Her relationship with her husband steadily deteriorated over the years, culminating in her flight to France to seek the protection of her brother Philippe V King of France. In 1324, she started a love affair with Roger Mortimer, and together they plotted her husband's overthrow. She was declared head of the Council of Regency by Parliament on the deposition of her husband. However, her rule was unpopular. She signed an unfavourable treaty with France and recognised Robert Bruce as king of Scotland for the first time. In addition, Mortimer alienated the barons with his territorial ambitions. Her son seized power, had Mortimer arrested after a Great Council meeting at Nottingham 19 Oct 1330 and condemned him to death. Isabelle thereafter lived in retirement. Froissart records that Isabelle went to "Ostrevant en Haynau en un chastel…Buignicourt dont messires Nicoles d´Aubrecicourt estoit sires"[798]. The Chronicon Angliæ records the death “die Sancti Rufi martyris” of “domina mater regis Edwardi domina Ysabella” and her burial “in ecclesia Fratrum Minorum Londoniis”, dated to 1357 from the context[799]. m (contract 12 May 1299, betrothed 20 May 1303, Boulogne-sur-Mer 22 Jan 1308) EDWARD II King of England, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr 1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester Cathedral). Mistress ([1324/30]) of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer, son of EDMUND [I] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer & his wife Margaret de Fiennes (25 Apr or 3 May 1287-executed Tyburn, London 29 Nov 1330, bur Shrewsbury, Church of the Grey Friars). He was created Earl of March in 1328.

4. BLANCHE de France ([1292/93]-after [Apr] 1294, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Père Anselme names Blanche as third daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she was “accordée par contrat passé le mardy avant Pâques fleuries 1294 à Ferdinand Infant de Castille”, adding that she died young and was buried near her father[800]. As noted above, it is unclear why, if Blanche was her father’s third daughter, she was chosen for betrothal to Infante don Fernando in Apr 1294 instead of her presumed older sister Marguerite. One explanation is confusion in the calendar year of Blanche’s betrothal (O.S.?) and that her betrothal followed Marguerite’s. Another possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king’s daughters. Betrothed ([mid-Apr] 1294) to Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla, son of SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and León & his wife doña María Alfonso de Molina “la Grande” (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312). He succeeded in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and León.

5. PHILIPPE de France ([1293]-Longchamp, near Paris 3 Jan 1322, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He was recognised Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Seigneur de Salins, by right of his wife, 26 Jun 1310. Comte de Poitiers Dec 1311. He was appointed regent on the death of his brother in 1316, awaiting the birth of his nephew. He succeeded his nephew in 1316 as PHILIPPE V "le Long" King of France, FELIPE II King of Navarre. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 6 Jan 1317. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death 3 Jan 1321 (O.S.) of "Philippus rex"[801]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Non Jan" of "Philippus regis Magni"[802]. m (contract Vincennes 2 Mar 1295, Corbeil, Marne Jan 1307) JEANNE I Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne, Ctss d'Artois, daughter of OTHON IV Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his second wife Mathilde Ctss d’Artois (before 2 Mar 1291-Roye, Somme 21 Jan 1330, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in Jan 1307 "apud Corbolium" of "Philippus regis Franciæ Philippi filius secundus genitus" and "Johannam primogenitam Odonis quondam Burgundiæ comitis ex filia Roberti Attrebati comitis"[803]. She was accused of adultery in Spring 1314 and imprisoned in the Château de Dourdan. She was declared innocent and taken back by her husband. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Johanna...sponsa Philippi comitis Pictavensis" was accused of adultery at the same time as her sister and sister-in-law in 1314, imprisoned "apud Durdactum castrum", but found not guilty and was reconciled with her husband[804]. King Philippe V & his wife had five children:

a) JEANNE de France (1 or 2 May 1308-10 or 15 Aug 1347, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Fontenay). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex Franciæ...filias...quarum majorem natu" married "duci Burgundiæ", in a later passage recording the marriage "in festo Trinitatis"[805]. The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage “le jour de la feste de la Trinité Nostre Seigneur à Paris au palaiz royal” of “le duc de Bourgongne” and “Jehanne l´ainsnée fille du roy de France et de Navarre”, dated to 1318 from the context[806]. The testament of "Mathildis comitssa Attrebatensis et Burgundiæ Palatina ac domina Salinensis", dated 24 Mar 1328, chooses burial "in ecclesia B. Mariæ Regalis prope Pontifaram" at the foot of "genitoris mei Roberti quondam comitis Atrebatensis" or "in ecclesia Fratrum Minorem apud Parisius" next to "Roberti…filii mei", appoints as her heir in Artois "Johannam…filiam meam…Reginam Francie et Navarræ" and in default "filiam meam Johannam ducissam Burgundiæ eiusdem Reginæ primogenitam", donated property for the soul of "domini et mariti mei Othonis quondam comitis Atrebatensis et Burgundiæ Palatini ac domini Salinensis", and makes other bequests[807]. She succeeded her mother in 1330 as Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne Ctss d’Artois. Betrothed (contract Paris 6 Apr 1313) to HUGUES V Duke of Burgundy, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France (1294-château d'Argilly, Côte d'Or early May 1315, bur 12 May Abbaye de Cîteaux). m (contract Nogent-sur-Seine, Aube 29 Sep 1316, Paris 18 Jun 1318) EUDES IV Duke of Burgundy, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France (1295-Sens, Yonne 3 Apr 1349, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux).

b) MARGUERITE de France (1309-Paris 9 May 1382, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "in die Magdalenæ" in 1320 of "comes Flandrie...filium" and "unam de filiabus regis"[808]. Her marriage was arranged under the Treaty of Paris 5 May 1320, which reaffirmed the loyalty of her future husband's grandfather to the French crown[809]. Ctss d'Artois 1361. m (contract 21 Jun 1320, 22 Jul 1320) LOUIS de Flandre, son of LOUIS de Flandre Comte de Nevers et de Rethel & his wife Jeanne Ctss de Rethel ([1304]-killed in battle Crécy 25 Aug 1346, bur Bruges, St Donat). He succeeded his grandfather in 1322 as LOUIS I Count of Flanders.

c) ISABELLE de France (1310-1348). The Chronicle attributed to Jean Desnouelles records that one of the daughters of King Philippe V married "au doffin de Viane"[810]. The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Guigo" and "Isabellam Philippi Longi Francorum regis et Joannæ Burgundæ filiam"[811]. Letters dated [May] 1322 confirmed the marriage between "Guigonem Dalphinum Vienn." and "domicellam Isabellam…Philippi quondam Regis Franciæ…filiam"[812]. A charter dated May 1323 confirms the dowry for the marriage of "Guigone Dalphino Vienn. Albonisque comite" and "D. Isabella filia…Philippi quondam Francorum…Regis et D. Johannæ…Reginæ comitissæque Burgundiæ Palatinæ ac Dominæ Salinarum"[813]. "Jehanz sires de Faucolgney chevaliers et Ysabelx de France Dauffyne de Vyenne sa espouse" notified their agreement with Eudes Duke of Burgundy regarding the succession of "Madame Jehanne de France duchesse...espouse dyceli monz le duc suer de nous la dite Ysabel” by charter dated 1 Oct 1341[814]. m firstly (contract Lyon 18 Jun 1316, contract Dole, Jura 17 May 1323, Fond-de-Dole 17 May 1323) GUIGUES [VIII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon et de Grenoble, son of JEAN [II] de la Tour Comte d’Albon Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Béatrice of Hungary ([1309]-siege of la Perrière 28 Jul 1333, bur Grenoble, Saint-André). m secondly ([1338/40]) JEAN [III] Seigneur de Faucogney, son of JEAN [II] Seigneur de Faucogney & his wife Catherine de Neuchâtel ([1310]-[17 Jun/13 Dec] 1345).

d) BLANCHE de France ([1311/12]-Longchamps 26 Apr 1358, bur Longchamps). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records that "quarta...filia" of Philippe V King of France became a nun with "sororum Minorisarum Parisius" in 1317[815]. The necrology of Longchamp provides on 2 Jan for a mass for "Phelippe roy de France et de Navarre et la reyne Jehanne de Bourgoingne pere et mere de la dame, seur Blanche, laquelle fut religieuse en ceste eglise"[816]. Clarice nun at Longchamps 1319.

e) PHILIPPE [Louis] de France (24 Jun 1316-Paris 24 Feb 1317, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth "circa festum sancti Johannis Baptistæ" in 1316 of "Philippo filius...Philippus" adding that he died "infra annum"[817]. The Chronique Parisienne records the death 24 Feb “en l´ostel du palaiz de Paris” of “Louys filz Philippe le roy de France et de Navarre” and his burial “à Paris en l´eglise des Freres Mineurs”[818].

6. CHARLES de France (Creil, Oise 18 Jun 1294-Château du Bois de Vincennes 1 Feb 1328, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The primary source which confirms his date of birth has not been identified. Comte de La Marche 1314. He succeeded his brother in 1322 as CHARLES IV "le Bel" King of France, CARLOS I King of Navarre. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 21 Feb 1322. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "in vigilia Purificationis beatæ Mariæ apud nemus Vicenarum prope Parisius" in 1328 of "regem Franciæ Karolum" and his burial "apud sanctum Dionysium"[819]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "Kal Feb" of "Karoli Francie et Navarre regis"[820]. m firstly (before Apr 1308, annulled 19 May 1322) BLANCHE de Bourgogne, daughter of OTTO IV Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his second wife Mathilde Ctss d’Artois (1296-Abbaye de Maubuisson Apr 1326). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1308 of "Karolus regis Franciæ tertius filius" and "Blancham filiam secundam quondam ducis Burgundiæ Othelini"[821]. She was accused and convicted of adultery. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarræ regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarræ Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodiæ deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[822]. She was imprisoned at Château-Gaillard. Boudet quotes correspondence between various members of the French royal family and Pope John XXII, dated May to Aug 1318, requesting an urgent annulment of the marriage, and insinuating (although not expressly stating) that the pregnancy was the real reason for the urgency[823]. An annulment was finally granted in May 1322 on the grounds of consanguinity. The Chronique Parisienne records the annulment of the marriage of “Blanche d´Artoiz la premiere fame Charlez le roy de France et de Navarre...enclose au Chasteau de Gaillart en Normandie”, both because of “l´esmouvement de la fornicacion et avoutrie contre elle approuvé de son amy et mal veullant Gaultier d´Annoy chevalier, frere de Philippe d´Annoy, qui pour ce furent escorchez tous vifs” and because of the consanguinity between the couple[824]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the annulment "XIV Kal Jun" in 1322 by Pope John XXII of the marriage between "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and "Blancham comitis Burgundiæ filiam"[825]. She became a nun at the Abbaye de Maubuisson after her repudiation. m secondly (Provins, Seine-et-Marne 21 Sep 1322) MARIE de Luxembourg, daughter of Emperor HEINRICH VII Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Marguerite de Brabant (1305-Issoudun, Indre Mar 1324, bur convent of Saint-Dominique de Montargis, Loiret). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) names "Maria" as older sister of "Regem Boemiæ"[826]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "circa festum sancti Mathæi apostoli" in Sep 1322 of "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and "Mariam filiam quondam Henrici de Lucemborc imperatoris Romanorum, germanamque regis Boemiæ"[827]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "in festo beati Matthæi apostoli in primo castro regie" in 1322 of "rex" and "Mariam filiam Henrici quondam imperatoris et quondam comitis de Lucemburg"[828]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage taking place “à Provins, le jour de la feste saint Maci l‘apostre”[829]. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage "IV Id Apr" in 1322 of "Maria…Boemiæ Regis germana" and "Karulo Regi Franciæ"[830]. She was consecrated Queen at Paris Sainte-Chapelle 15 May 1323. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the death in 1324 of "Maria Regina Franciæ" in childbirth and her burial "ad sanctum Dionisium"[831]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1324 of "uxore regis Franciæ sorore regis Boemiæ"[832]. She died in childbirth after falling out of the bottom of the coach which was driving her and her husband to a meeting with the Pope in Avignon[833]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "apud Exaudunum castrum" of "[reginam] Mariam" and her burial "in monasterium sororum de Monte Argivo" in Mar 1323 (O.S.)[834]. Père Anselme notes the tomb “dans l’église des religieuses de S. Dominique de Montargis” which records her burial[835]. m thirdly (5 Jul 1325) JEANNE d'Evreux, daughter of LOUIS de France Comte d’Evreux & his wife Marguerite d’Artois (1310-Brie-Comte-Robert 14 Mar 1371, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex" married "Johannam quondam filiam comitis Ebroicensis, cognatam suam germanam...avunculi sui filiam" after the death of his second wife[836]. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "III Non Jul" in 1324 of King Charles and "filiam quondam domini Ludovici patruelis sui, comitis Ebroycensis" after dispensation for 2^o consanguinity[837]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 4 Mar 1370 (O.S.) at “Braye-Conte-Robert” of “madame Jehanne d’Evreux royne de France et de Navarre...femme du roy Charles...” and her burial “à Saint-Denis“[838]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Joanna de Ebroicis regina Francie et Navarre"[839]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Johanne de Ebroys Francie et Navarre regine uxoris Karoli quarti…filii…Philippi Pulcri Francie regis"[840]. King Charles IV & his first wife had two children:

a) PHILIPPE de France (before 5 Jan 1314-before 24 Mar 1322, bur Abbaye du Pont-aux-Dames, Crécy-la-Chapelle, Seine-et-Marne). Kerrebrouck records the date of his birth and his burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[841]. Père Anselme notes that his existence is confirmed by “un compte de la maison de Philippe de France comte de Poitiers” dated 5 Jan 1313 (O.S.) which records payment made to “Guyard de Rubecourt, chambellan de Monseigneur Charles de France” for bringing news that Charles’s wife Blanche had given birth to a son[842]. This was before the accusation of adultery levelled at his mother so presumably his paternity was not challenged. This supposition is confirmed by the following document in which he is named as the son of the king. He is named in a document of the Chambre des Comptes de Paris dated 24 Mar 1321 (O.S.) which records a pension granted for life to “Aveline du Plexeis...qui norry Philippe fils le Roy qui ores est, lequel enfant est trépassé”[843]. A charter of Queen Jeanne dated 6 Apr 1342 records her donation to the abbey of Pont aux Dames de Crécy for the salvation of “son...époux le roy Charles et par consideration de deux de ses enfans qui gisent dans ladite église”[844]. Philippe is one of the king’s two children whose burial is not otherwise recorded, so presumably was one of the children buried at Pont aux Dames de Crécy.

b) JEANNE de France (1315-17 May 1321, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson). Kerrebrouck records her birth and burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[845]. Some doubt about her paternity is suggested by the Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis which records that "Margareta Navarræ regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarræ Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodiæ deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[846]. She was presumably accepted by Charles as his daughter as shown by the following sources. Père Anselme notes that “un rouleau de la Chambre des Comptes à Paris” confirms her death “le jour de la Pentecôte 17 May 1321” and her burial at Maubuisson abbey[847]. A document dated 6 Jul 1324 records a payment made to “Domicella Maria de montibus quondam nutrix defunctæ Joannnæ filiæ regis” by “idem rex eidem...dum erat comes Marchæ”[848].

King Charles IV & his second wife had one child:

c) PHILIPPE de France (Issoudun, Indre [Mar] 1324-[Mar] 1324, bur convent of Saint-Dominique de Montargis, Loiret). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth of "unicum filium" to "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and his wife "Mariam filiam quondam Henrici de Lucemborc imperatoris Romanorum, germanamque regis Boemiæ", adding that he died "post modicum" after being christened[849]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the arrival “à Yssoudun” of the royal couple where the queen gave birth to “I filz I moys avant son terme ou environ“ who died “tantost après qu’il fut baptizié“[850]. The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 records the arrival “parmy la terre d’Orbenois” of the royal couple where Queen Marie gave birth “d’un filz...Philippe” who died three days after his birth[851]. He was buried with his mother[852].

King Charles IV & his third wife had three children:

d) ISABELLE [Jeanne] de France ([1325]-end 1326[, bur Abbaye du Pont-aux-Dames, Crécy-la-Chapelle, Seine-et-Marne]). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "altera eius primogenita filia" died around the time the queen gave birth to another daughter in 1327[853]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "Johanna regina Franciæ" gave birth "apud Castrum Novum super Ligerim" to "secundam filiam...Mariam", dated to late 1326 (O.S.?), after which "filia primogenita" died[854]. The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “en la feste de Toussains à Chasteau-Thierry“ 1326 of “la segonde fille du roy”, and the death of “Ysabel sa premiere fille aprez ung an qu´elle avoit esté née, à Chasteau-Neuf-sur-Laire”[855]. A charter of Queen Jeanne dated 6 Apr 1342 records her donation to the abbey of Pont aux Dames de Crécy for the salvation of “son...époux le roy Charles et par consideration de deux de ses enfans qui gisent dans ladite église”[856]. Isabelle is one of the king’s two children whose burial is not otherwise recorded, so presumably was one of the children buried at Pont aux Dames de Crécy unless the charter refers to another otherwise unrecorded child.

e) MARIE de France ([1 Nov] 1326-6 Oct 1341, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "regina" gave birth to "filiam" in late 1326 (O.S.?)[857]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "Johanna regina Franciæ" gave birth "apud Castrum Novum super Ligerim" to "secundam filiam...Mariam", dated to late 1326 (O.S.?), after which "filia primogenita" died[858]. The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “en la feste de Toussains à Chasteau-Thierry“ 1326 of “la segonde fille du roy”, and the death of “Ysabel sa premiere fille aprez ung an qu´elle avoit esté née, à Chasteau-Neuf-sur-Laire”[859]. Père Anselme notes the tomb “à S. Denis en la chapelle de Notre-Dame la Blanche” which records her burial with her sister Blanche[860].

f) BLANCHE de France (posthumously [Vincennes or Châteauneuf near Orléans] 1 Apr 1328-[Vincennes] 8 Feb 1393, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328 "apud nemus Vicenarum"[861]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "regina Johanna Ebroicensis" gave birth 1 Apr 1328 "apud nemus Vicenarum" to "feminam...Blancham"[862]. The Chronique Parisienne records that “la vigille de Pasquez, Jehanne d´Evreux roynne de France fame Charlez roy de France et de Navarre...eust une fille qui au Boiz-de-Vincennes mourust [error]“ 1328[863]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage 18 Jan 1345 of “Phelippe filz du roy de France, estant en aage de X ans” and “madame Blanche fille de Charles roy de France...en aage de XVIII ans“ at “Paris ou palais le roy“[864]. The necrology of Orléans Cathedral records that “domina Blancha, Regis Francie et Navarre et filia, ducissa Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comitissa…dicti domini quondam sponsa” made donations on the death of “Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes”[865]. Ctss de Beaumont-le-Roger. Père Anselme notes the tomb “à S. Denis en la chapelle de Notre-Dame la Blanche” which records her burial with her sister Marie[866]. m (contract 8 Jan 1345) PHILIPPE de France Comte de Valois, son of PHILIPPE VI King of France & his first wife Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne (Château du Bois-de-Vincennes 1 Jul 1336-Orléans 1 Sep 1375, bur Orléans, église Sainte-Croix). He was created Duc d'Orléans, Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, Vicomte de Breteuil by his father 16 Apr 1344.

7. ROBERT de France ([1297]-Saint-Germain-en-Laye Aug 1307, bur Priory of Poissy, église de Saint Louis). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis names "Robertum" as youngest of the four sons of Philippe IV King of France, adding that he died "in flore adolescentiæ suæ" and was buried "in monasterio sororem de Pyssiaco" in Aug 1308[867]. Betrothed (Oct 1306) to CONSTANZA of Sicily, daughter of FEDERIGO I King of Sicily [Aragon] & his wife Eléonore of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] ([1306]-after 19 Jun 1344).

Chapter 2. KINGS OF FRANCE (VALOIS)

A. COMTES de VALOIS, KINGS of FRANCE 1328-1498

CHARLES de France, son of PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France & his first wife Infanta doña Isabel de Aragón (Vincennes 12 Mar 1270-Le Perray, Yvelines 16 Dec 1325, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Quadragesima" in 1270 of "Carolus filius Philippi regis de prima uxore"[868]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus rex Franciæ" claimed "regnum Aragoniæ" for "filio suo Karolo" in 1284[869]. He was appointed anti-king of Aragon and Valencia Feb/Mar 1284 by Pope Martin IV, crowned 11 Jun 1284 at Castillo de Lers, Catalonia, and attempted to conquer the kingdom from Pedro III but made peace in Jun 1295. Comte de Valois et d'Alençon 1285. Comte de Chartres, du Perche 1290. Comte d’Anjou et du Maine: his father-in-law ceded him the counties of Anjou and Maine 18 Aug 1290, in return for his renouncing his right to the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, the king of Sicily hoping thereby to obtain the release of his three sons still held hostage by Alfonso III King of Aragon[870]. He fought against the English in Guyenne in 1295, and against Guy Count of Flanders whom he captured in 1299. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Karolus comes Valesii" captured "Guido comes Flandrensium...cum duobus filiis Roberto et Guillermo" in 1299[871]. Pope Boniface VIII appointed him captain-general of the Romagna and the march of Ancona at Agnani 3 Sep 1301. Allied with Charles II King of Sicily, he campaigned in Sicily to expel Federigo de Aragón in 1302. Titular Emperor of Constantinople 1301, by right of his second wife, he obtained Venice's support for an invasion of Byzantium in 1306 and was joined by the Catalan company in 1308 when he landed in western Greece, but by 1310 his threat evaporated for lack of active support[872]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XVII Kal Jan 1325" of "Carolus comes Valesii"[873]. A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death 16 Dec 1325 of "dominus Karolus comes Valesii pater regis Philippi de Valesio"[874]. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the death of “Karolus de Valesio patruus regis Francie Karoli” after conspiring against the French king, stating that he was not “hanged or beheaded out of respect for this royal blood” (“propter reverenciam sanguinis regalis non fuit suspensus nec decapitatus”) but “was placed naked in cold water” (“sine femoralibus nudo marmori aquis frigidis resperso insedit”) and died from the effects of the cold[875].

m firstly (contract 28 Dec 1289, Corbeil, Essonne 16 Aug 1290) MARGUERITE of Sicily, daughter of CHARLES II “le Boiteux” King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary ([1273]-31 Dec 1299, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1290 "in crastino Assumptionis beatæ Virginis Dei genitricis Mariæ apud castrum Corbolii" of "Karolus comes Valesii frater regis Franciæ Philippi" and "Karoli regis Siciliæ...unam de filiabus", adding that his father-in-law gave him "Andegaviæ et Cenomaniæ comitatus"[876]. A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death "in festo S. Silvestri" of "domina Margarita comitissa Valesii mater regis Philippi de Valesio"[877].

m secondly (Priory of Saint-Cloud, near Paris 28 Feb 1301) CATHERINE I titular Empress of Constantinople, Marquise de Namur, Dame de Courtenay, daughter of PHILIPPE de Courtenay titular Emperor of Constantinople, King of Thessaly & his wife Béatrice of Sicily (1274-Paris 11 Oct 1307 or 2 Jan 1308, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Catherina" as only daughter of "Balduino imperatore...Philippus eiusdem filius" and his wife "filiam Karoli regis Siciliæ"[878]. “Catharina...Imperatrix Constantinopolitana” transferred “terram nostram de Cortenayo, de Blacon, de Hellebek et de Breviller” to “domini nostri Caroli germani...Philippi...Francorum regis“, stated in the document to be before their marriage, by charter dated [end Jan] 1300 (O.S.?)[879]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the second marriage in 1300 of "Karolus comes Valesii" and "Catharinam...Philippi filii Balduini imperatoris Græciæ quondam expulsi filiam", adding that she brought with her "jus imperii"[880]. She transferred her rights to Courtenay, Namur and the empire of Constantinople to her husband 23 Apr 1301[881]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "præcedenti die lunæ...in villa sancti Audoeni, apud Prædicatores parisienses" in 1307 of "Catherina heres Constantinopolitani imperii, Karoli fratris regis uxor secunda" and her burial "die Jovis post festum beati Dionysii martyris"[882]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "V Id Oct" of "Catharina imperatrix Constantinopolitana"[883]. A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death "Martis post S. Silvestrum" of "domina Catharina comitissa Valesii imperatrix Constantinopolitana"[884].

m thirdly (Poitiers Jul 1308) MATHILDE de Châtillon, daughter of GUY [III] de Châtillon Comte de St Pol & his wife Marie de Bretagne (1293-3 Oct 1358, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the third marriage in 1308 of "comes Valesii Karolus" and "filiam Guidonis comitis sancti Pauli"[885].

Charles Comte de Valois & his first wife had six children:

1. ISABELLE de Valois ([1292]-1309). The Liber Pluscardensis records that "Edwardo de Balliolo…regis Scociæ filio" was betrothed to "nepte…regis Franciæ", further identified in a later passage as "Karoli de Valoiz et Andegavensis comitis…filiam germani [sui]", dated to [1295] from the context[886]. The marriage contract between “Philippo...regi Francorum...nepte vestra seu consanguinei” and “Johannes...Scotiæ rex...Edvardo filio nostro primogenito et hærede” is dated 5 Jul 1295[887]. A second marriage contract between “Charles fiuz au roi de France, conte de Valeys, d´Alencon, de Chartres et de Aungeo...nostre esnee fille, niece...le roi de France” and “Johan...roi d´Ecosse...l´esne fiuz” is dated 23 Oct 1295[888]. The marriage contract between “Charles filz de Roy de France comte de Valois, d´Alençon, de Chartres et d´Anjou et Marguerite sa femme comtesse...Isabeau nostre premiere et ainsnée fille” and “Jehan Duc de Bretaigne comte de Richemont...filz ainsné Artur de Bretaigne ainsné filz de nous dit Duc” dated 18 Feb 1297 (O.S.)[889]. The marriage contract between “Charles filz de Roy de France comte de Valois, d´Alençon, de Chartres et d´Anjou et Marguerite sa femme comtesse...Isabeau nostre premiere et ainsnée fille” and “Jehan Duc de Bretaigne comte de Richemont...filz ainsné Artur de Bretaigne ainsné filz de nous dit Duc” dated 18 Feb 1297 (O.S.)[890]. Betrothed (contracts 5 Jul and 23 Oct 1295) to EDWARD Balliol, son of JOHN Balliol King of Scotland & his wife Isabel de Warenne (-[May 1363/Sep 1365]). m (18 Feb 1298) as his first wife, JEAN de Bretagne, son of ARTHUR de Bretagne [later ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany] & his first wife Marie de Limoges (Châteauroux, Indre 8 Mar 1286-Caen, Calvados 30 Apr 1341, bur Ploërmel, Morbihan, Chapelle des Carmes). Vicomte de Limoges 1301. He succeeded his father in 1312 as JEAN III "le Bon" Duke of Brittany.

2. PHILIPPE de Valois (1293-Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 22 Aug 1350, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth in 1293 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[891]. Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 20 May 1314. He succeeded his father in 1325 as Comte de Valois. He succeeded in 1328 as PHILIPPE VI "le Fortuné" King of France. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...filius Karoli comitis Valesii" became king after "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328[892].

- see below.

3. JEANNE de Valois ([1294]-Abbaye de Fontenelles, Hainaut 7 Mar 1352, bur Abbaye de Fontenelles). She became a Franciscan nun at the Abbaye de Fontenelles 2 Nov 1337. m (Chauny, Aisne 19 May 1305) GUILLAUME III “le Bon” Comte de Hainaut [WILLEM III Count of Holland], son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut [JAN II Count of Holland] & his wife Philippa de Luxembourg ([1280]-7 Jun 1337, bur Valenciennes, église des Franciscains).

4. MARGUERITE de Valois ([1295]-Jul 1342). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis which records the betrothal in 1308 of "Guido quondam comitis Blesensis primogenitus" and "filia Karolii Valesii ex conjuge Catherina adhuc teneræ ætatis"[893]. This source apparently incorrectly identifies the bride´s mother. m (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines Oct 1298, in person after 6 Oct 1310) GUY [I] de Châtillon Comte de Blois, son of HUGUES de Châtillon Comte de Blois & Beatrix de Flandre (-after 12 Aug 1342, bur Abbaye de Laguiche, Coulanges, Loir-et-Cher).

5. CHARLES de Valois ([1297]-killed in battle Crécy 26 Aug 1346, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 20 Jan 1334 under which "Charles de Valois, frère du roi de France, conte d´Alençon et du Perche" granted le droit de colombier to the prior of Saint-Martin de Bellême[894]. Comte de Chartres 1314. He succeeded in Apr 1326 as Comte d'Alençon et de Perche.

- see below, Part C. COMTES et DUCS d'ALENÇON.

6. CATHERINE de Valois ([1299]-young, bur Abbaye du Val-de-Sery, Picardie). Père Anselme records Catherine as youngest daughter of Charles Comte de Valois by his first marriage, adding that she died young and was buried “en l’abbaye du Val de Sery en Picardie”, without citing the corresponding primary sources[895].

Charles Comte de Valois & his second wife had four children:

7. CATHERINE de Valois ([1302]-Naples Oct 1346). She succeeded her mother in 1308 as titular Empress of Constantinople. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "circa festum Magdalenes" in 1313 of "princeps Tarantinus" and "filiam comitis Valesii ex conjuge Catherina heredem Constantinopolitani imperii"[896]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage (in 1313 from the context) of “le prince de Tarente” and “la fille de Charles conte de Valois, de Katerine sa femme heritiere de Constantinople”[897]. She sold Courtenay in 1313 to Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne, wife of her half-brother Philippe de Valois (the future Philippe VI King of France). On the death of her husband in 1332, she acted as regent for her son Robert. After the 1332 exchange of territories between her son and her brother-in-law Jean Conte di Gravina, Catherine assumed the government of the principality of Achaia in her son's name[898]. She and her sons installed themselves at Patras in Morea from 1338 to 1341 and, with the help of her adviser Niccolò Acciaiuoli whom she named bailli of Achaia, Kefalonia and Lepanto, established their authority over the principality of Achaia[899]. Betrothed (contract Sens 15 Apr 1303, Papal dispensation 3 Jun 1307, renounced due to ill-health, confirmed 6 Apr 1312) to HUGUES de Bourgogne, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France (1294-château d'Argilly, Côte d'Or early May 1315, bur 12 May Abbaye de Cîteaux). He succeeded his father in 1306 as HUGUES V Duke of Burgundy. m (Fontainebleau end Jul 1313) as his second wife, PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Tarento, son of CHARLES II “le Boiteux” King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary (-Naples 26 Dec 1332, bur Naples, San Dominico). Prince of Achaia and Morea 1307-1313. Despot of Romania 1294-1315.

8. JEANNE de Valois ([1304]-Château-Gaillard 9 Jul 1363, bur Paris, église des Augustins). The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1316 of "Robertus Attrebatensis comitissæ nepos ex fratre" and "filiam comitis Valesii"[900]. She was called Madame d'Artois. She encouraged her husband to revolt, the king her brother arrested her in 1334. She was imprisoned at Château-Gaillard, where she died many years later. [Betrothed (1308) to GUY Comte de Blois, son of HUGUES [II] de Châtillon Comte de Blois & his wife Beatrix de Flandre.] Betrothed (1313) to CHARLES di Tarento Despot of Epirus, son of PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Tarento [Anjou-Capet] & his first wife Thamar Angelina Komnene Dukaina of Epirus ([1296]-killed in battle Montecatini, between Pistoia and Lucca 29 Aug 1315). m (1318) ROBERT d'Artois Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, son of PHILIPPE d’Artois Seigneur de Conches & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1287-[Brest], Brittany end-Oct 1342, bur London, St Paul's). He was banished from France and his assets confiscated 19 Mar 1332.

9. JEAN de Valois (-died young). Père Anselme records Jean as the son of Charles Comte de Valois by his second marriage, adding that he died young, without citing the corresponding primary source[901]. Considering the date of the first betrothal of his sister Catherine, it is likely that Jean was younger than her. Apart from that, there appears to be no data from which his birth date can be estimated.

10. ISABELLE de Valois (-Abbaye de Fontevrault 11 Nov 1349, bur Fontevrault). Père Anselme records that her father granted annual revenue to Isabelle by letters dated 15 Mar 1313, for anniversaries for himself, his wife Catherine de Courtenay, and for Isabelle herself, confirmed by King Jean II by letters dated 10 Mar 1351[902]. Nun at Poissy. Abbess of Fontevrault 1342, before 30 Jul.

Charles Comte de Valois & his third wife had four children:

11. MARIE de Valois (-28 Oct 1331, bur Naples, Santa Chiara). The Annales Ludovici di Raimo record the death "in San Nicola di Bari" in 1331 of "la duchessa di Calabria suore del Re di Francia" and her burial 21 Aug in "Santa Chiara di Napoli"[903]. m (Paris 4 Oct 1323, in person May 1324) as his second wife, CHARLES of Sicily, son of ROBERT King of Sicily and Jerusalem [Anjou-Capet] & his first Infanta doña Violanta de Aragón ([28 May] 1298-Naples 10 Nov 1328, bur Naples, Santa Chiara). He was installed as Duca di Calabria in 1325, Viceroy of Sicily.

12. ISABELLE de Valois (-Paris 26 Jul 1383, bur Paris, église des Frères mineurs). The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage “le mardi devant la feste saint Denys, v jours au moys d´Octobre au Boys de Vinciennes“ 1322 of “le filz à Louys conte de Clermont” and “la fille Charlez le conte de Valoiz”[904]. She became a nun at the convent des Cordeliers du Faubourg Saint-Marceau, Paris. The testament of "Ysabeau de Valoys duchesse de Bourbon", dated 25 Jan 1379 (O.S.), appointed "notre...filz Loys duc de Bourbon" as her main executor[905]. m (Vincennes 5 Oct 1322) PIERRE de Bourbon, son of LOUIS I "le Boiteux" Duc de Bourbon & his wife Marie de Hainaut [Avesnes] ([1311]-killed in battle Poitiers 19 Sep 1356, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). He succeeded his father in 1342 as Duc de Bourbon.

13. BLANCHE [Marguerite] de Valois (-Prague 1 Aug 1348, bur Prague St Veit). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1323 of "Wencezslaus Regis primogenitus" and "Blancza, soror fratris Philippi Regis de stirpe regia"[906]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the coronation in 1347 of Karl and "sua coniunx, Domina Blanca"[907]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death of "Blanche de Valois femme de l'aisné fils du roy de Boheme marquise de Moravie" on "VIII Kal Oct"[908]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the death "in die ad vincula sancti Petri" in 1348 of "Regina Blancza, coniunx Domini Karoli" and her burial "in Ecclesia Pragensi"[909]. m (Betrothed 1323, Prague May 1329) as his first wife, WENZEL KARL of Bohemia, son of JAN I King of Bohemia and Poland [JEAN I Comte de Luxembourg] & his wife Eliska [Elisabeth] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Prague 14 May 1316-Prague 29 Nov 1378, bur Prague, Cathedral of St Guy). Mgf of Moravia 1334. Elected KARL IV King of Germany at Rhena 11 Jul 1346, crowned at Bonn 26 Nov 1346. He succeeded his father in 1346 as KARL King of Bohemia, crowned 2 Nov 1347. Crowned as Emperor KARL IV at Rome 5 Apr 1355.

14. LOUIS de Valois ([1317/18]-2 Nov 1328, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). Père Anselme records that Louis was emancipated by the king at the request of his father “n’ayant encore que 7 ans” by letters dated May 1325[910]. Comte d'Alençon et de Chartres, Seigneur de Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais. A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death 2 Nov 1328 of "Ludovicus de Valesio filius dicti comitis [dominus Karolus comes Valesii] et frater regis"[911].

PHILIPPE de Valois, son of CHARLES de France Comte de Valois & his first wife Marguerite of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] (1293-Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 22 Aug 1350, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth in 1293 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[912]. Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 20 May 1314. He succeeded his father in 1325 as Comte de Valois. Named regent of the kingdom in 1328 on the death of his cousin King Charles IV, pending the birth of the queen’s child. When she gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328, he succeeded as PHILIPPE VI "le Fortuné" King of France. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...filius Karoli comitis Valesii" became king after "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328[913]. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims, 29 May 1328. A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the coronation "die S. Trinitatis" in 1328 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[914]. He renounced the crown of Navarre at Saint-Germain-en-Laye Apr 1328 in favour of Jeanne de France, daughter of Louis X King of France, and her husband Philippe Comte d'Evreux. He confiscated Guyenne and other English possessions in France 24 May 1337, declaring war on England in 1338 in reaction for the English king's claim to the French throne at Westminster 7 Oct 1337. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 22 Aug 1350 of “le roy Phelippe” at “Nogent le Roy près de Coulons“ and his burial “le samedy ensuivant...à Saint Denys...et les entrailles en furent aux Jacobins de Paris et le cuer...à Bourfontaine en Valois”[915]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "X Kal Sep" of "princeps dominus Philippus rex Francie"[916].

m firstly (contract Sens, Yonne 24 Mar 1303, Fontainebleau end Jul 1313) JEANNE "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne, daughter of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France ([1293/94]-Hôtel de Nesle, Paris 12 Dec 1349, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). She was invested with Courtenay at Fontainebleau in July 1313. She was consecrated queen with her husband at Notre Dame de Reims 29 May 1328. A forceful person, she exercised great influence over her husband, who named her regent during his absence in August 1338. Henri IV Comte de Bar appointed her regent of the county of Bar under his will 30 Nov 1344, during the minority of his son. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 12 Dec 1349 of “madame Jehanne royne de France, jadis fille de monseigneur Robert duc de Bourgoigne et de madame Agnès fille de monseigneur saint Loys” and her burial “en l’eglise de monseigneur daint Denis le XVII jour de ce meismes mois...et son cuer fu enterré à Cistiaux en Bourgoigne“[917]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "II Id Dec" of "domina Johanna quondam regina Francie mater…domini Johannis regis Francie"[918]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Id Dec" of "domine Johanne filia ducis Burgundie quondam regine Francie"[919].

m secondly (Brie-Comte-Robert, Seine-et-Marne 11 Jan 1350) Infanta doña BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of FELIPE III “el Bueno” [d’Evreux] King of Navarre & his wife Juana II [de France] Queen of Navarre ([1331]-Château de Neaufles-Saint-Martin, Eure 5 Oct 1398, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Grandes Chroniques de France record the second marriage 19 Jan 1350 of “le roy de France Phelippe” and “Blanche jadis fille de la royne de Navarre...“[920]. She was never consecrated Queen of France. The Chronique Rouennaise records the death “à Neaufle samedi v d’octobre” 1399 of “madame Blanche jadiz fame au roy Philippe de Vallois”[921]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Non Oct" of "Blanche Francie regina regis Philippi de Valesio quondam consortis"[922].

Mistress (1): ---.

Mistress (2): BEATRICE de la Berruère, daughter of --- (1294-1348). The primary source which names Philippe´s mistress has not yet been identified. Marcellin Boudet suggests that the mother of King Philippe´s illegitimate son Thomas de la Marche was Blanche de Bourgogne [Comté], first wife of Charles Comte de la Marche (the future Charles IV King of France), particularly in order to explain why Thomas was named "de la Marche"[923]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarræ regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarræ Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodiæ deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[924]. Boudet quotes correspondence between various members of the French royal family and Pope John XXII, dated May to Aug 1318, requesting an urgent annulment of the marriage, and insinuating (although not expressly stating) that the pregnancy was the real reason for the urgency[925]. However, the annulment was not then granted (it was finally issued in May 1322 on grounds of consanguinity), which suggests that the urgency no longer applied, either because the pregnancy ended or the child was stillborn. If that is correct, it is unlikely that Blanche’s child was Thomas de la Marche, who died in 1361 as noted below.

King Philippe VI & his first wife had nine children:

1. JEAN de Valois (Château de Gué-de-Mauny, Le Mans, Sarthe 26 Apr 1319-Savoy Hotel, London 8 Apr 1364, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 1350 as JEAN II "le Bon" King of France.

- see below.

2. MARIE de Valois (-Paris 22 Sep 1333, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). Froissart records that Philippe VI King of France betrothed "sa fille" to "l´ainnet fil le ducq de Braibant" after breaking her betrothal to the son of the comte de Hainaut[926]. The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage in 1332 of “le filz ainsné du duc de Breban de l´aage de ix ans ou environ“ and “ma dame Marie fille du roy de France Philippe de Valoiz”[927]. The Chronique Parisienne records the death “le merquedi aprez la feste saint Mathieu appostre et euvangeliste au moys de septembre“ of “ma dame Marie duchesse de Lanbour fille du roy Philippe de France, qui avoit esté mariée en l´an precedent au duc de Lanbourc filz au duc de Breban” and her burial “à Paris en l´eglise des Freres Mineurs Cordeliers“[928]. m (contract Crèvecœur-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne 8 Jul 1332) JEAN de Brabant, son of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux [Capet] (24 Nov 1327-1335/6, bur Tervueren).

3. LOUIS de France (born and died Château du Bois de Vincennes 17 Jan 1329, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth and death 17 Jan 1328 (O.S.) of "Ludovicus filius...regis Philippi de Valesio"[929].

4. LOUIS de France (8 Jun 1330-23 Jun 1330, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “le vendredi“ 8 Jun 1330 of “Louys le tiers filz du roy de France Philippe de Valoiz”[930]. The Grandes Chroniques de France record that “la royne de France, suer au duc de Bourgoigne et femme du roy Phelippe” gave birth “environ le mi juing“ [1330] from the context to “I enfant...Loys“ who died 15 days later and was buried “en l’eglise des Freres Meneurs à Paris”[931]. The Chronique Parisienne records the death “le vendredi jour de feste saint Pierre et saint Pol...en Saint-Germain-en-laye“ Jun 1330 of “Louys l´enffant de France nouvellement nez”[932].

5. JEAN de France (born and died 2 Oct 1333, bur Priory of Poissy, Yvelines). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 2 Oct 1333 to “Jehanne la roynne de France“ of “ung filz qui tantost mourut et sans baptesme si comme l´en dist”[933]. Père Anselme notes that an inscription at Poissy records his death 2 Oct 1333 “en bas âge”[934].

6. son (Maubuisson, Saint Ouen l'Aumône, Val-d'Oise stillborn 28 May 1335). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 28 May 1335 “en l´abbaie royale de Nostre-Dame-de-Maubuisson delez Ponthoise“ of “ung filz mort-né” to “la Roynne Jehanne fame du roy“[935].

7. PHILIPPE de France (Château du Bois de Vincennes 1 Jul 1336-Orléans 1 Sep 1375, bur Orléans, église Sainte-Croix). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 1 Jul 1336 “au Bois-de-Vincennes“ of “ung filz...Philippe” to “Jehanne la roynne de France“[936]. Comte de Valois [1336]. Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois named him heir to the Dauphiné 23 Feb 1343, but his brother Jean persuaded the Dauphin to substitute him as heir 7 Jun 1344. Duc d'Orléans, Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, Vicomte de Breteuil by his father 16 Apr 1344. Jeanne de Savoie, widow of Jean III Duke of Brittany and daughter of Edouard Comte de Savoie, bequeathed her titular rights to the county of Savoie to Philippe by testament before her death in Jun 1344, but his father abandoned in his name all rights to Savoy in favour of Comte Amédée VI at Chambéry 25 Feb 1347 in return for the castles of Milly and Bicêtre. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that King Jean II knighted “monseigneur Phelippe, duc d’Orliens, frere du dit roy Jehan” after his coronation in 1350[937]. He lost Beaumont-le-Roger and Breteuil to his brother King Jean II 5 Mar 1353. He was captured at the battle of Poitiers 1356, and held hostage until 1360. The necrology of Orléans Cathedral records the death “Kal Sep” of “Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes”, adding that he was buried in the cathedral[938]. m (contract 8 Jan 1344) BLANCHE de France Ctss de Beaumont-le-Roger, posthumous daughter of CHARLES IV King of France & his third wife Jeanne d'Evreux (posthumously Châteauneuf near Orléans 1 Apr 1328-Vincennes 8 Feb 1393, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage 18 Jan 1345 of “Phelippe filz du roy de France, estant en aage de X ans” and “madame Blanche fille de Charles roy de France...en aage de XVIII ans“ at “Paris ou palais le roy“[939]. The necrology of Orléans Cathedral records that “domina Blancha, Regis Francie et Navarre et filia, ducissa Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comitissa…dicti domini quondam sponsa” made donations on the death of “Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes”[940]. Philippe had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

a) son "le bâtard d'Orléans" (-Château-Thierry, Aisne [1380]). He was brought up at Bourges with Jean de France Duc de Berry. Père Anselme notes that “[le] compte de la chambre aux deniers du duc de Berry” in 1380 records a payment to “Perrin Godeau, garde de la personnne de feu le bâtard d’Orléans”[941].

b) LOUIS bâtard d'Orléans (-Jerusalem 27 Mar 1395, bur Paris Notre-Dame). Monk at the Abbaye de Saint-Lucien at Beauvais. Counsellor at the Parliament of Paris. Elected Bishop of Poitiers Mar 1391. Legitimated 22 Nov 1392. Elected Bishop of Beauvais, Comte et pair de France 1394.

8. JEANNE de France (born and died Vincennes Nov 1337). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “le mercredi devant la saint Climent au Boiz-de-Vincennes“ of “une fille...Jehanne” to “Jehanne la roynne de France“, adding that she died “l´endemain ensuivant“[942].

9. son (Château du Bois de Vincennes summer 1343). The primary source which confirms his existence has not been identified. He is not included by Père Anselme in his list of children of King Philippe VI[943].

King Philippe VI & his second wife had one child:

10. JEANNE de France (posthumously May 1351-Béziers 16 Sep 1371, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the betrothal 16 Jul 1370 at Paris of “Madame Jehanne de France fille du roy Phelippe...et de la royne Blanche qui encore vivoit” by proxy to “Jehan ainsné filz du roy d’Arragon duc de Gironne”[944]. She died on the way to meet her future husband. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 16 Sep 1271 “à Bediers” of “madame Jehanne de France...fille du roy Phelippe de France” on her way to Aragon for her marriage, and her burial “en l’eglise cathedral de la dite ville de Bediers”[945]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle commemorates "Philippi regis de Valesio et Johanne Francie eius filie" on "XI Kal Sep", also naming "Blancha regina quondam dicti Philippi uxor et mater dicte Johanne"[946]. Betrothed (contract 16 Jul 1370) to Infante don JUAN de Aragón Duque de Gerona, son of PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his third wife Eleonora of Sicily [Aragon] (Perpignan 27 Dec 1350-Foixa 19 May 1396). He succeeded his father in 1387 as JUAN I "el Cazador" King of Aragon.

King Philippe VI had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

11. JEAN (-after 1350). Père Anselme notes that “Thomas de Walsingham, historien Anglois” attributed to King Philippe VI “un fils naturel...Jean” who defeated “un chevalier d’Ypres en Flandres” in a duel in 1350[947].

King Philippe VI had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):

12. THOMAS de la Marche "Albus" (1318-[Sep] 1361). His life has been studied by Marcellin Boudet[948]. The Chronicle of Geoffrey Le Baker de Swynebroke, written in 1356, names "Thomas de la Marche, français de nation et fils du roi Philippe"[949]. Thomas de Walsingham´s Chronicle, written in [1388], names "Dominum Johannem bastard filium Philippi regis Francorum" iin 1350[950]. He fought with Hugues IV King of Cyprus in 1343, then with Leo IV King of Armenia. He entered the service of Jeanne I Queen of Naples in 1346, and took part in the siege of Catania in 1348[951]. Edward III King of England granted supplies and protection to “Thomas le Bastard de Francia miles” to come to England for a duel with “Johannem Viscontes militem” by charter dated 24 Jun 1350[952]. Edward III King of England records the duel between “Thomas de la Marche Bastardo Franciæ nuncupato” and “Johanne Viscount miles”, in which the latter was defeated, by charter dated 12 Oct 1350 which also relates the background to the duel in some detail[953]. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records that “duo milites stipendiarii domini regis Armenie...alter...Iohannes de Viscomite nacione Ciprius alterum...Thomam de la Marche nacione Gallicum et filium Philippi nuper regis Francie set illegitimum” came to England to fight a duel in the presence of the English king[954]. He was granted the arms of la Marche in Nov 1350. Legitimated in Mar 1353.

JEAN de Valois, son of PHILIPPE de Valois [later PHILIPPE VI King of France] & his first wife Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne [Capet] (Château de Gué-de-Mauny, Le Mans, Sarthe 26 Apr 1319-Savoy Hotel, London 8 Apr 1364, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Called "Jean de France" from the accession of his father 1328. Duc de Normandie, Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 17 Feb 1332. He persuaded Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois to name him as heir to the Dauphiné 7 Jun 1344, in place of his younger brother Philippe who had been named heir 23 Feb 1343. Installed as Comte de Poitou [Jan/26 May] 1344. Duc de Guyenne 11 Sep 1345. He succeeded his father in 1350 as JEAN II "le Bon" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 26 Sep 1350. He succeeded in recapturing Normandy from the English in 1355. He was captured at the battle of Poitiers 19 Sep 1356 and taken to London as a prisoner, liberated by the Treaty of Brétigny 8 May 1360, returning to Paris 13 Dec 1360. He inherited the duchy of Burgundy, as the nearest male heir, on the death of Philippe I "de Rouvres" Duke of Burgundy and declared it reunited to the crown by charter at Paris in Nov 1361. He was in London to negotiate the release of his son Jean Duc de Berry when he died. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death during the night of 8 Apr 1364 at London of “le...roy de France”, and in a later passage his burial at “Saint-Anthoine près de Paris”[955]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VI Id Apr" of "dominus Joannes Francorum rex"[956].

m firstly (Notre-Dame de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 28 Jul 1332) GUTA of Bohemia, daughter of JAN I King of Bohemia [JEAN I Comte de Luxembourg] & his first wife Eliska [Elisabeth] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Prague 20 May 1315-Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aumône, Val-d'Oise 3 or 11 Sep 1349, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) names "Guta" as second daughter of "Regina"[957]. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1322 of "Iohannes Rex…Gutam…filiam…minorem" and "Friderico Marchioni Misnensi"[958]. The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage 28 Jul 1332 “à Melun-sur-Sainne“ of “Jehan dit de France de l´aage de xv ans ou environ filz de Philippe le roy de France” and “ma dame Bonne fille Jehan le roy de Behangne“[959]. She was known as BONNE in France, Dss de Normandie. The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 11 Aug 1349 of “madame Bonne duchesse de Normandie, femme de monseigneur Jehan premier né du roy de France et duc de Normandie” and her burial “le XVII jour du mois d’aoust en l’eglise des suers de Maubuisson emprès Pontoise“[960]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "III Non Sep" of "domina Bona filia regis Bohemie quondam ducissa Normannie"[961].

m secondly (Sainte-Gemme, Feucherolles, Yvelines 9 Feb 1350) as her second husband, JEANNE Ctss d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, widow of PHILIPPE de Bourgogne "Monsieur" Comte d'Artois [Capet], daughter of GUILLAUME [XI] Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Marguerite d'Evreux (8 May 1326-Vadans, Haute-Saône 29 Sep 1360, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Grandes Chroniques de France record the second marriage 9 Feb 1350 of “Jehan ainsné filz du roy de France” and “Jehanne contesse de Bouloigne“, who had been the wife of “monseigneur Phelippe filz du duc Huedes de Bourgoigne” who had died “de sa mort naturele devant Aguillon, lorsque ledit duc de Normandie y fut à siege l’an 1346”, in “la chappelle de madame sainte Jame près de Saint Germain en Laye”[962]. The marriage contract between "Jean aisne fils du roy de France" and "Jeanne de Bouloigne comtesse de Bouloigne et d´Auvergne" is dated 13 Dec 1352[963]. She was consecrated Queen of France at Notre-Dame de Reims 26 Sep 1350 with her husband.

King Jean II & his first wife had eleven children:

1. BLANCHE de France ([1336]-young). The primary source which confirms her birth has not been identified. Père Anselme does not include Blanche among Jean II’s children[964]. Sainte-Marthe names Blanche and Catherine last in his list of Jean II’s children, adding that they died young and that they were “issues du second mariage du roy Jean, selon Paradin”[965].

2. CHARLES de France (Château du Bois de Vincennes 21 Jan 1338-Château de Beauté-sur-Marne, Nogent-sur-Marne 16 Sep 1380, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “vigille de feste saint Vincent...au Boiz-de-Vincennes“ 1338 of “Charles filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normandie et de ma dame Bonne sa fame fille le conte de Lucembourc”[966]. He succeeded his father in 1364 as CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 19 May 1364.

- see below.

3. CATHERINE de France ([1338]-young). The primary source which confirms her birth has not been identified. Père Anselme does not include Catherine among Jean II’s children[967]. Sainte-Marthe names Blanche and Catherine last in his list of Jean II’s children, adding that they died young and that they were “issues du second mariage du roy Jean, selon Paradin”[968].

4. LOUIS de France (Château du Bois de Vincennes 23 Jul 1339-Biseglia Castle near Bari 20 Sep 1384, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “le mardi aprez la feste saint-Jasques et saint Cristofle au moys de juillet au Boiz-de-Vincennes“ 1339 of “Loys le segond filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normendie”[969]. Comte de Poitiers. Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 1351. Duc d'Anjou at Calais Oct 1360.

- DUCS d'ANJOU.

5. JEAN de France (Château du Bois de Vincennes 30 Nov 1340-Paris, Hôtel de Nesle 15 Jun 1416, bur Bourges Sainte-Chapelle). Comte de Poitou. Duc de Berry et d'Auvergne at Boulogne-sur-Mer Oct 1360, confirmed at Paris 3 Mar 1375, and at Vincennes Dec 1380. He was sent to England as a hostage under the Treaty of Brétigny 1360, remaining there for nine years. With his three brothers, he was regent during the minority of his nephew King Charles VI. Governor of Languedoc 19 Nov 1380. Principe di Tarento, by donation of his brother Louis Duc d'Anjou at Avignon 30 May 1380. He exchanged Tarento at Cavaillon 11 Sep 1385 for the counties of Etampes and Gien with his sister-in-law Marie Dss d'Anjou. Appointed Governor of Paris 21 Aug 1405. He was head of the Armagnac party, constituted after his alliance at Gien 18 Apr 1410 with the dukes of Brittany and Orléans, and the counts of Alençon, Clermont and Armagnac, aimed at releasing and restoring King Charles VI to power. The Chronique Rouennaise records the death “à Paris xvi jour de jung” 1416 of “monsr. de Berry”[970]. The testament of “Jean fils de Roy de France, Duc de Berry et d’Auvergne, Comte de Poictou, d’Estampes, de Boulongne et d‘Auvergne”, dated 25 May 1416, bequeathed property to “nos...compagne et filles Jeanne, Bonne [...Comtesse d’Armagnac] et Marie...Duchesse de Bourbon”[971]. The Geste des Nobles records the death in Paris in May 1416 of “le duc Jehan de Berry et d’Auvergne conte de Poitou” and his burial “en la chapelle de Bourges”[972]. A compulsive collector of art, he lived a life of style and luxury in his palaces at Bourges, Poitiers, Bicêtre and Paris (Hôtel de Nesle). His collection of illuminated manuscripts survives. m firstly (contract Carcassonne, Aude 24 Jun 1360, Rodez, Aveyron 17 Oct 1360) JEANNE d'Armagnac, daughter of JEAN [I] Comte d'Armagnac & his second wife Béatrice de Clermont ([1346]-Mar 1387). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…"[973]. The testament of "domina Beatrix de Clermont, comitissa Armaniaci, dominaque Charrolesio, uxor…domini Johannes comitis Armaniaci", dated 20 Aug 1361, appoints "filiam nostrum Johannam, Bituriæ et Alverniæ ducessam ac…dominos Johannem de Francia, Bituriæ et Alverniæ necnon et Burgendie et Borboni duces, et comitem Pardiaci…"[974]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, names "…Johanne…filie nostre…uxorique domini ducis de Beriui et Alvernie…"[975]. Père Anselme records her death “à la my-mars 1387 comme il s’apprend du 5. compte de Jean Perdrier maître de la chambre aux deniers de la reine”[976]. m secondly (contract 9 Mar 1389, Riom, Puy-de-Dôme 5 Jun 1390) as her first husband, JEANNE d'Auvergne, daughter of JEAN II Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Eléonore Ctss de Comminges (1378-before 6 Feb 1423, bur Bourges Sainte-Chapelle). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records the marriage “ver la fin mai...à Bourges”, 1389 from the context, of “monseigneur Jean duc de Berri” and “la fille et l’héritière légitime du comte de Boulogne...nièce du comte de Foix”, adding that the couple was childless which was generally attributed to “la disproportion de leur âge”[977]. The marriage contract between “le duc de Barri et d’Auvergne comte de Poictou” and "Jehan comte de Bologne et d’Auvergne et damoiselle Jehanne de Bologne fille dudit comte" is dated 5 Jun 1389[978]. She succeeded her father in 1394 as JEANNE II Ctss d'Auvergne et de Boulogne. She married secondly (Aigueperse-en-Auvergne, Puy-de-Dôme 16 Nov 1416) as his first wife, Georges Seigneur de La Trémoïlle [Grand Chamberlain of France] ([1385]-6 May 1446, bur Château de Sully). The marriage contract between “messire Georges de la Tremoille chevalier seigneur des baronnies de Sully et de Craon” and "Madame Jehanne de Bologne et d’Auvergne" is dated 16 Nov 1416[979]. Duke Jean & his first wife had five children:

a) CHARLES de Berry ([1362]-before 1382). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Comte de Montpensier. Père Anselme says that he died “avant l’an 1382” but cites no source for this information[980]. m ([1381]) as her first husband, MARIE de Sully, daughter and heiress of LOUIS Seigneur de Sully & his wife Isabelle Dame de Craon. Père Anselme records her parentage and first marriage (as well as her two later marriages) but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[981]. She married secondly (1382) Guy [V] de la Trémoïlle Seigneur de la Trémoïlle, and thirdly (29 Jan 1401) Charles [I] Seigneur d'Albret Comte de Dreux.

b) LOUIS de Berry ([1364]-after Jul 1383). Père Anselme records that he was living in Jul 1383 “comme il s’apprend d’un compte de de la chambre aux deniers du duc de Berry”[982].

c) BONNE de Berry (-Carlat, Cantal 30 Dec 1435, bur Rodez église des Cordeliers). The contract of marriage between "Amey Comte de Savoie…Amey fils dudit Monsieur le Comte" and "Monsieur Jean fils Roy de France, Duc de Berry et d´Auvergne, Comte de Mascon…Madame Bonne fille dudit Monsieur le Duc" is dated 7 May 1372[983]. She arrived in Savoie in 1381. The testament of "Dominus Amedeus comes Sabaudiæ" dated 1 Oct 1391 made bequests to "…Domina Bona de Biturio eius consorte"[984]. Passed over by her husband as regent for their son in favour of her mother-in-law, the ensuing dispute was settled by agreement 8 May 1393. Dame de Faucigny, by cession of her mother-in-law at Chambéry 4 May 1393. The Geste des Nobles records that “le conte Bernart d’Armaignac” married “l’aisnée fille de Berry”[985]. Dame de Carlat, by cession of her father at Bourges Nov 1410. “Domina Bona de Biturio comitissa Armaniaci et Ruthenensis vicecomitissa vicecomitatus Carlatensis” granted “medietatem totius vicecomitatus Carlatensis” to “dominus Bernardus de Armaniaco milite...Bernardi...condam comitis Armanaci filius...eius filium”, reserving the usufruct to herself, by charter dated 4 Aug 1422[986]. "Bonne de Berry comtesse d’Armagnac, vicomtesse de Carladès, dame de Faucigny, Beaufort et Tarentaise en Savoie" appointed “Amaury de Séverac maréchal de France” as her ambassador to negotiate the marriage contract between “Bernard d’Armagnac comte de Pardiac son fils” and “Aliénor fille de Jacques de Bourbon roi de Jérusalem, de Hongrie et de Sicile” by charter dated 1 Jul 1424[987]. She renounced Faucigny in 1427 in favour of her son Amédée VIII Duke of Savoy. The testament of "Bonne de Berry comtesse d’Armagnac et de Rhodes vicomtesse de Carlades, veuve de Bernard comte d’Armagnac et Rhodes", dated 18 Sep 1430, appointed “son fils Bernard d’Armagac comte de Pardiac” as her heir, bequeathed property to “Isabeau de Navarre, femme de Jean comte d’Armagnac son fils...Aliénor de Bourbon femme de Bernard d’Armagnac...sa petite.fille Bonne fille dudit Jean et de Blanche de Bretagne sa première femme...Amédée duc de Savoie son fils issu de son première mariage...sa fille Bonne de Savoie princesse de Morée...Jeanne de Savoie marquise de Montferrat son autre fille...Bonne d’Armagnac sa fille duchesse d’Orléans...Anne d’Armagnac dame d’Albret sa fille”[988]. m firstly (contract Valence, Drôme 7 May 1372, Paris Hôtel Saint-Pol 18 Jan 1377) AMEDEE de Savoie Comte de Bresse, son of AMEDEE VI Comte de Savoie & his wife Bonne de Bourbon (Château de Chambéry 24 Feb 1360-Château de Ripaille, Thonon 1 Nov 1391, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe, Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, Savoie). He succeeded his father 1383 as AMEDEE VII "le Comte Roux" Comte de Savoie. m secondly (contract Château de Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Cher 2 Dec 1393) BERNARD [VII] Comte d'Armagnac, son of JEAN [II] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Jeanne de Périgord (1364-murdered Paris 12 Jun 1418). Encouraged by his father-in-law, he became a leading adversary of the Burgundian party. Appointed Connétable de France 30 Dec 1415. He was killed by the Burgundians.

d) MARIE de Berry (-Lyon Jun 1434, bur Priory of Souvigny). The necrology of the church of Eu records that "Maria de Berry uxor sua" donated "centum libras annui redditus" for masses for "domini Philippi comitis de Augo conestablularii Franciæ" who died "inter Sarracenos"[989]. Père Anselme records the contract for her third marriage dated 27 May 1400[990]. She was appointed Dss d'Auvergne, Ctss de Montpensier 26 Apr 1418, confirmed 1425. Her third husband appointed her administrator of all his estates 17 Jan 1421 during his imprisonment. m firstly (contract Bourges, Cher 29 Mar 1386, Bourges Saint-Etienne 1386) LOUIS [II] de Châtillon Comte de Dunois, son of GUY [II] de Châtillon Comte de Soissons, de Blois et de Dunois & his wife Marie de Namur (-Beaumont en Hainaut 15 Jul 1391). m secondly (contract Paris 27 Jan 1393) PHILIPPE d'Artois Comte d'Eu, son of JEAN d'Artois Comte d'Eu & his wife Marie de Namur (1358-Mihaliççik, Anatolia 16 Jun 1397, bur Eu, Abbaye de Saint-Laurent, or bur Constantinople, Convent of Saint-François de Galata). Appointed Connétable de France 31 Dec 1392 by Charles VI King of France. He fought in Palestine, was captured by the Turks but was freed by Maréchal Boucicaut. He was captured again at the siege of Nicopolis. He was captured by the Turks after the failed siege of Nicopolis in Sep 1396, and died soon after. m thirdly (contract Paris 27 May 1400, in person Paris, Palais du Roi 21 Jun 1401) JEAN de Bourbon Comte de Clermont, son of LOUIS II "le Bon" Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anne Dauphine d'Auvergne Ctss de Forez (Mar 1381-in prison London 5 Jan 1434, bur Priory of Souvigny). Chamberlain of France 18 Mar 1408. He succeeded his father 1410 as Duc de Bourbon. He was captured by the English at the battle of Agincourt 1415, and remained a prisoner for the rest of his life.

e) JEAN de Berry (4 Feb 1377-1397, before 17 Nov). The primary source which confirms his date of birth has not been identified. Comte de Montpensier. According to Kerrebrouck, Jean died after his father, although he cites no source in support[991]. Such a late date of death is inconsistent with his wife's remarriage in 1402, unless she was divorced from her first husband although no mention of any such divorce has been found. It is also contradicted by the reference to his funeral which follows. The funeral of Jean de Berry took place 17 Nov 1397 at “l’hôtel de la Grange”[992]. m firstly (Papal dispensation 5 Aug 1386, la Noble-Maison de Saint Ouen near Paris 5 Aug 1386) CATHERINE de France, daughter of CHARLES V King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 4 Feb 1378-Oct 1388, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aumône, Val d'Oise). Père Anselme says that she died young “au mois d’octobre 1388” and was buried at Maubuisson abbey “comme il s’apprend du 6. compte de Jean Perdrier maître de la chambre aux deniers de la reine”[993]. m secondly (1390) as her first husband, ANNE de Bourbon, daughter of JEAN I de Bourbon Comte de la Marche et de Vendôme & his wife Catherine Ctss de Vendôme (-Paris Sep 1408, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). She married secondly (Paris 1 Oct 1402) as his first wife, Ludwig von Bayern-Ingolstadt, who succeeded in 1413 as Ludwig VII Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt.

6. PHILIPPE de France (Pontoise 15 Jan 1342-Hall, 27 Apr 1404, bur Dijon). Duc de Touraine 1360-1364. He was installed as PHILIPPE II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy at Germiny-sur-Marne 6 Sep 1363, 1^st pair de France. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that on 31 May 1364 King Charles V granted “la duchié de Bourgoigne” to “Monseigneur Phelippe son plus jeune frere” who resigned “la duchié de Touraine”, granted by his father in 1360, to his brother[994]. With his three brothers, he was Regent during the minority of his nephew Charles VI King of France. Comte de Mortagne 1380-1385. Count of Flanders and Artois, Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Nevers, de Rethel, d'Etampes et de Gien 1383. Comte de Charolais 1390. Regent of Brittany 1399-1404, during the minority of Jean VI Duke of Brittany.

- DUKES of BURGUNDY.

7. JEANNE de France (Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, Loiret 24 Jun 1343-Evreux 3 Nov 1373, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Gilles de Roye’s Annales Belgici record the marriages in 1347 in Paris of “duo filii ducis Brabantiæ...Henricus primogenitus filiam ducis Normanniæ et Godefridus filiam ducis Borbonii”[995]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 3 Nov 1373 “à Evreux” of “madame Jehanne suer du roy de France et femme du roy de Navarre”[996]. Betrothed (Palais du Louvre 21 Jun 1347) to HENRI de Brabant, son of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux (-29 Nov 1349, bur Terveuren). m (Château de Vivier-en-Brie, Coutevroult 12 Feb 1352) CARLOS II "el Malo" King of Navarre, son of FELIPE III King of Navarre [Evreux-Capet] & his wife Juana II Queen of Navarre [Capet] (Château d'Evreux, Eure 17 May 1332-Pamplona 1 Jan 1387, bur Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa María la Real).

8. MARIE de France (Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 Sep 1344-[15] Oct 1404, bur Bar-le-Duc, église de Saint-Mesme). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the presence at the coronation of King Charles V of “madame Marie suer d’icelui Roy, laquelle n’avoit onques esté mariée” who was later wife “du duc de Bar”[997]. The marriage contract between "Marie de France" and "Robert Duc de Bar" is dated 4 Jun 1364[998]. The Histoire Latine du Roy Charles VI records the death in mid-Oct 1404 of "ducis Barrensis uxor...Maria filia quondam Ioannis Regis Franciæ"[999]. m (contract Bar-le-Duc 4 Jun 1364, 1 Dec 1364) ROBERT I Duke of Bar, son of HENRI IV Comte de Bar & his wife Yolande de Flandre Dame de Cassel (8 Sep 1344-2 Apr 1411, bur Bar-le-Duc, église collégiale Saint-Maxe).

9. AGNES de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 9 Dec 1345-Hôtel de Nesle, Paris Apr 1350, bur Paris église des Jacobins). Père Anselme records Agnès’s birth at Saint-Germain 9 Dec 1345, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1000]. Père Anselme records Agnès’s death “au commencement du mois d’avril 1349, avant Pâques en l’hôtel de Nesle” and her burial “en l’église des Jacobins” 25 Apr 1350 “suivant un compte d’Etienne de la Fontaine où est rapportée la dépense de [ses] obsèques”[1001].

10. MARGUERITE de France (Palais du Louvre 20 Sep 1347-Poissy 25 Apr 1352). Père Anselme records Marguerite’s birth at the Louvre 20 Sep 1347, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1002]. Père Anselme notes that she became a nun at Poissy “avant sa quatrième année”, was granted an annual payment by her father 5 Apr 1351, but died 25 Apr 1352 (no primary source cited for her date of death)[1003].

11. ISABELLE de France (Château de Bois-de-Vincennes 1 Oct 1348-Pavia 11 Sep 1373, bur Pavia San Francesco). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records the marriage of "Dominum Johannem Galeazium", son of "Domino Galeazio" and his wife, and "Dominam Elisabetam filiam…Regis Francorum"[1004]. Her marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Amédée VI Comte de Savoie[1005]. Her dowry was the county of Sommières, exchanged for the county of Vertus. Declared Ctss de Vertus in Apr 1361. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in civitate Papiæ" of "Domina Isabellis consors Domini Galeaz Vicecomitis, comitis Virtutum, filii Domini Galeaz Vicecomitis Domini Mediolani…quondam filia…Domini Johannis Regis Francorum et sorore…Domini Caroli Regis Bohemiæ" giving birth to "filium masculum…Dominum Carolum"[1006]. m (Milan Oct 1360) GIAN GALEAZZO Visconti, son of GALEAZZO II Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Blanche Marie de Savoie (Melegnano [Marignan] 15 Oct or Nov 1351-Pavia 3 Sep 1402). Comte de Vertus, in right of his wife Apr 1361. Conte di Asti 27 Mar 1379. He deposed his uncle 6 May 1385, succeeding as Lord of Milan. He was created GIAN GALEAZZO Duke of Milan 11 May 1395.

King Jean II & his second wife had [three children]:

12. [--- de France (Châteauneuf-sur-Loire Nov 1350-young). The existence of this child appears based only on documentation cited by Petit who says that "Jean de Bonestat, maître des celliers de la reine" sent “des vins de Beaune” at the time of “les fêtes de relevailles...le jeudi 2 décembre” (no primary source cited), noting that the accounts of Beaune château record expenses “de l’ostel de la reyne le jeudi après la fête de saint André pour la despense de l’ostel de madite dame faite à Chasteaulneuf-sur-Loire”. He concludes that the queen must have given birth “vers le milieu de novembre 1350, à Châteauneuf-sur-Loire”[1007], noting that the king was present at Châteauneuf-sur-Loire from 30 Nov to probably 6 Dec[1008]. Petit says that “il est probable” (so no proof) that the newborn was baptised at that time and that “la reine douarière Blanche de Navarre” was godmother[1009]. He bases the latter suggestion on the assumption that the child was named Blanche but no primary source has been found which confirms that this name is correct. Paradin’s early 17th century Alliances généalogiques des rois de France notes Blanche “qui mourut jeune“ and Catherine “qui mourut jeune“ as the children of King Jean and Jeanne d’Auvergne but provides no indication of any source[1010]. If no other proof exists relating to the birth of this child, there is no basis for deciding its sex. Père Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II’s children[1011]. Petit, by way of general indication of the hope of royal births, says that “l’inventaire de certaines résidences ducales” mention “des berceaux d’enfants”, including one at Montbard decorated with the arms of “la royne de Boloinne”[1012]. Baluze states that there is no proof that King Jean had any children by his second marriage[1013].]

13. [--- de France (early 1352-young). The proof concerning the existence of this child appears tenuous. Petit says that “au commencement de l’année 1352” the queen “dut accoucher d’une seconde fille”, on the basis of an offering to the priory of Saint-Thibaud-en-Auxois made at the time on the orders of “Guillaume le Cordelier sergent de la recette de Dijon” which he suggests was motivated by fears for the queen’s health[1014]. He says that the child was “sans doute...nommée Catherine” but provides no basis for this assertion and, if no other indication of the birth exists, there is no basis for deciding the sex of the child. As highlighted above, Paradin’s early 17th century Alliances généalogiques des rois de France notes Blanche “qui mourut jeune“ and Catherine “qui mourut jeune“ as the children of King Jean and Jeanne d’Auvergne but provides no indication of any source[1015]. No primary source has been identified which confirms this birth or names the child. Père Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II’s children[1016].]

14. [child (Le Moncel lès Pont-Sainte-Maxence, Oise [Mar/Apr] 1353-young). Petit says that “nous croyons” that the queen gave birth again “en 1353 à Moncel-lès-Pont-Sainte-Maxence” where she lived for several months, noting that in Apr 1350 orders were given for provisions for a celebration “qui était sans doute celle des relevailles” and that the queen ordered “trois testes de cires” to be sent to three nearby monasteries which Petit suggests was motivated by fears for the new-born’s health[1017]. These indications appear inadequate to assume beyond doubt that the queen gave birth at that time. Père Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II’s children[1018].]

CHARLES de France, son of JEAN de France Duc de Guyenne [later JEAN II "le Bon" King of France] & his first wife Jutta [Bonne] of Bohemia [Luxembourg] (Château du Bois de Vincennes 21 Jan 1338-Château de Beauté-sur-Marne, Nogent-sur-Marne 16 Sep 1380, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “vigille de feste saint Vincent...au Boiz-de-Vincennes“ 1338 of “Charles filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normandie et de ma dame Bonne sa fame fille le conte de Lucembourc”[1019]. Zurita records negotiations in 1349 for the betrothal of “la Infanta doña Costança hija mayor del Rey de Aragon” and “el hijo mayor de Juan Duque de Normandia hijo primogenito del Rey Filippo de Francia”[1020]. He was invested as Dauphin de Viennois 16 Jul 1349, after Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois ceded his territories 30 Mar 1349, called thereafter "Monsieur le Dauphin". The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that his father knighted “Charles son ainsné filz, dalphin de Vienne” after his coronation in 1350[1021]. Comte de Poitiers 1354. Duc de Normandie 7 Dec 1355, installed at Notre-Dame de Rouen 10 Jan 1356. He took the title "Lieutenant du Roi" during the imprisonment of his father after the battle of Poitiers 1356, and that of regent 14 Mar 1358 until his father's release in 1360. Duc de Touraine, after his brother Philippe's nomination as Duke of Burgundy in 1363. He succeeded his father in 1364 as CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 19 May 1364. He confiscated the duchy of Guyenne from the king of England 30 Nov 1369, war with England having broken out once more. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 16 Sep 1380 “en l’ostel de Beauté-sur-Marne” of “le roy de France Charles...le V” and his burial “à Saint-Denys”[1022].

m (contract Lyon Jul 1349, Tain-en-Viennois, Drôme 8 Apr 1350) JEANNE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Isabelle de Valois (Château du Bois de Vincennes 3 Feb 1339-Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 6 Feb 1378, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The marriage contract of "Jehan ainsnez fils du Roy de France, Duc de Normandie et de Guyenne…Charles de France nostre ainsnez fils" and "Pierre Duc de Bourbonnois conte de Clermont et de la Marche…Jehanne de Bourbon nostre ainsnée fille" is dated Jul 1349[1023]. Ayala´s Crónica de Pedro I records that another daughter “del...Duque de Borbon” married “el Rey de Francia Don Carlos” when recording the negotiations for the marriage of her sister Blanche in 1351[1024]. She was consecrated Queen of France with her husband 19 May 1364. She died from a fever following childbirth. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 8 Feb 1377 (O.S.) of “la...Royne...ou...hostel de Saint-Pol” and her burial “à Saint-Denis”[1025].

The possibility that Biette de Cassinel, wife of Gérard de Montaigu, was the mistress of the future King Charles V is discussed in the document PARIS REGION - CORBEIL & ROCHEFORT.

Mistress (1): ---. The name of the king’s mistress is not known.

King Charles V & his wife had [nine] children:

1. JEANNE de France (Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aumône, Val d'Oise end Sep 1357-Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs, Paris 21 Oct 1360, bur Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs). News of "l’accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie" was brought to her husband 30 Sep 1357[1026]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial 12 Nov 1360 of “les deux filles du duc de Normandie” at “Saint-Anthoine près de Paris”[1027]. An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death at the abbey 21 Oct 1360 of “madame Jehanne aisnée fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...”[1028].

2. BONNE de France ([1358]-Palais Royal, Paris 7 Nov 1360, bur 12 Nov Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs, Paris). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial 12 Nov 1360 of “les deux filles du duc de Normandie” at “Saint-Anthoine près de Paris”[1029]. An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death “au palais” 7 Nov 1360 of “madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...”[1030].

3. JEANNE de France (Château du Bois de Vincennes 6 Jun 1366-Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Dec 1366, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that 7 Jun 1366 “la royne de France...Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon” gave birth to “une fille au Bois de Vincennes...Jehanne”[1031]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 21 Dec 1366 of “madame Jehanne fille du...roy de France Charles...en l’ostel de la Conciergerie de l’ostel du Roy...près de Saint-Pol” and her burial “en l’eglise Saint-Denis en France”[1032].

4. CHARLES de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 3 Dec 1368-Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Oct 1422, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “la royne Jehanne femme du roy Charles” gave birth 3 Dec 1368 to “son premier filz en l’ostel de emprès Saint-Pol de Paris...Charles”[1033]. He succeeded his father in 1380 as CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aimé" King of France.

- see below.

5. MARIE de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 27 Feb 1370-Paris Jun 1377). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 27 Feb 1370 of “madame Marie fille du...roy Charles et de la...royne Jehanne de Bourbon”[1034]. The primary source which confirms her date of death has not been identified. Père Anselme records her betrothal to “Guillaume de Bavière IV, comte de Hainaut et de Hollande” and says that she died young “en 1377” without citing any sources on which he bases this information[1035]. Betrothed (1373) to GUILLAUME de Hainaut, WILHELM von Bayern-Straubing, son of ALBRECHT Duke of Bavaria-Straubing [later ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland] & his first wife Margareta von Brieg [Piast] (5 Apr 1365-château de Bouchain 30 May 1417, bur Valenciennes). He succeeded his father in 1404 as GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM V Count of Holland, WILHELM II Graf von Straubing.

6. LOUIS de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 13 Mar 1372-murdered Paris 23 Nov 1407, bur Paris, église des Célestins). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 13 Mar 1372 of “messire Loys secont filz du roy Charles”[1036]. Comte de Valois after the death of Philippe Duc d'Orléans 1 Sep 1375, first named as such 4 Jan 1376. Duc de Touraine Nov 1386 at Lille. He joined the Royal Council 16 Feb 1389. He entered Lombardy Feb 1391, taking Pavia Mar 1391. Duc d'Orléans at Paris 4 Jun 1392, in exchange for the Duchy of Touraine.

- see below, Part B.

7. ISABELLE de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 23 Jul 1373-Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 23 Feb 1378, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 23 Jul 1373 “en l’ostel du Roy emprès Saint-Pol” of “madame Ysabel fille du...roy Charles et de la...royne Jehanne de Bourbon”[1037]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 23 Feb 1377 (O.S.) “en l’ostel du Roy emprès Saint-Pol à Paris” of “madame Ysabel fille des...Roy et Royne” and her burial “en l’eglise de Saint-Denys”[1038].

8. [JEAN de France ([1374/76]-young). Le Laboureur records that King Charles V had “trois fils, dont le dernier nommé Jean estant mort en enfance”, adding that “il n’en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires” but without noting his own source on which he bases the information[1039].]

9. CATHERINE de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 4 Feb 1378-Oct 1388, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aumône, Val d'Oise). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “la royne de France” gave birth 4 Feb 1377 (O.S.) to “une fille en l’ostel du Roy emprès Saint-Pol à Paris...Katherine”[1040]. Père Anselme says that she died young “au mois d’octobre 1388” and was buried at Maubuisson abbey “comme il s’apprend du 6. compte de Jean Perdrier maître de la chambre aux deniers de la reine”[1041]. m (Papal dispensation 5 Aug 1386, la Noble-Maison de Saint Ouen near Paris 5 Aug 1386) as his first wife, JEAN de Berry Comte de Montpensier, son of JEAN de France Duc de Berry & his first wife Jeanne d'Armagnac (4 Feb 1377-1397).

King Charles V had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

10. [OUDARD d'Attainville ([Paris 1360]-after 1415). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records that Charles V King of France sent “i bailly...Oudart d‘Atainville” to Rouen, adding that “aucunz disoient qu’il estoit son filz de bast”[1042]. Bailli de Rouen.]

CHARLES de France, son of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 3 Dec 1368-Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Oct 1422, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “la royne Jehanne femme du roy Charles” gave birth 3 Dec 1368 to “son premier filz en l’ostel de emprès Saint-Pol de Paris...Charles”[1043]. His father gave him the title Dauphin de Viennois soon after his birth: he was thereafter known as "Monseigneur le Dauphin"[1044]. He was appointed Lieutenant-General and Imperial Vicar for the kingdom of Arles, the Dauphiné de Viennois and Piémont at Paris 9 Jan 1378. He succeeded his father in 1380 as CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aimé" King of France, under the regency of his four uncles during his minority until 3 Nov 1385. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 4 Nov 1380. In Jan 1393, he appointed his brother Louis Duc d'Orléans as regent to act during his periods of insanity. He concluded a four year peace with England in 1395, sealed by the marriage of his daughter Isabelle to King Richard II. During one of his periods of madness he was persuaded to sign the Treaty of Troyes 21 May 1420, under which he named Henry V King of England as regent and his heir. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the death “le merquedi xxi jour d’octobre” 1422 of King Charles and the appointment after he died of “monsr de Bethfors” as “regent le royaume”[1045]. The Chronique de la Pucelle records the death 21 Oct 1422 of “[le] roy Charles VI”, commenting that “au quel temps les choses estoient au royaume de France en petit estat...”[1046]. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "XII Kal Nov" of "Karoli sexti quondam regis Francie"[1047].

m (Cathedral of Amiens 17 Jul 1385 or Tournai [24] Aug 1385) ELISABETH von Bayern-Ingolstadt, daughter of STEFAN II Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt & his first wife Taddea Visconti ([1369/70]-Paris 24 or 30 Sep 1435, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Andreas von Regensburg’s early 15th century Chronica names “Ludwicum iam tenentem principatum in Ingelstat et Elyzabeth uxorem Karoli regis Francie” as the children of “Stephanus” and his wife “[filia] domini Mediolanensis”[1048]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage “en aoust à Tournay” 1385 of the king and “la fille au duc de Bavierez”[1049]. An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records the marriage “umb sant Bartholomeus tag” 1385 between “Herzog Stephan von Bayern sein Tochter” and “gen Franckreich dem Edlen Küng”, adding that “dieselbe junckfrau war Hern Barnabos von Meyland Enkelin”[1050]. Consecrated at Sainte-Chapelle, Paris 23 Aug 1389. She was known as ISABEAU de Bavière in France. Appointed President of the Council of Regency 26 Apr 1403 during the periods of insanity of her husband. She proclaimed herself regent in 1408. She was sent to Blois, and later Tours, by her husband and delivered by Jean “sans Peur” Duke of Burgundy 2 Nov 1417. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the death “en l’ostel de Saint-Pol...la veille de feste Monseigneur Saint Michiel” in 1435 of “roigne Ysabel femme de Charles le sixiesme roy de France de ce nom” and her burial “à Saint-Denis”[1051]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "Kal Oct" of "domina Ysabella de Bavaria regina Francie"[1052].

Mistress (1): ODINETTE [Oudine] de Champdivers, daughter of OUDIN [Odin] de Champdivers [master of the stables at court] & his wife --- (-after 6 Sep 1424). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that, because the queen was not allowed to sleep with the king during his periods of insanity, “on lui avait donné pour concubine...[la] fille d’un marchand de chevaux [“mercatoris equorum”]...du consentement de la reine...désignée sous le nom de la petite reine”, noting that she was given “deux...manoirs...à Creteil et...à Bagnolet”, by whom the king had a daughter (called “[la] demoiselle de Belleville”) who was married “à un certain Harpedanne” with “la seigneurie de Belleville en Poitou”[1053]. Vallet de Viriville highlights that the original document records the girl’s father as “marescalli equorum” and cites various sources which name her father as noted above[1054]. The king granted “les produits du péage de Saint-Jean-de-Losne en Bourgogne et du rouage de Troyes” to “Odinette de Champdivers” and her daughter Marguerite de Valois in 1418[1055]. She left court after the king's death, seeking refuge at Saint-Jean de Losne in 1423. Vallet de Viriville cites various documents which record that Odinette left court after the king’s death, sought refuge at Saint-Jean de Losne, and received various payments from the duke of Burgundy until 6 Sep 1424[1056].

King Charles VI & his wife had twelve children:

1. CHARLES de France Dauphin de Viennois (Maison royale de Beauté, Bois de Vincennes 25 Sep 1386-Château du Bois de Vincennes 28 Dec 1386, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 25 Sep, 1386 from the context, “en la maison royale de Beauté dans le bois de Vincennes” to “un fils...[qui] reçut le nom de son père”, and that the child died “la veille des Saints-Innocents” and was buried at Saint-Denis[1057].

2. JEANNE de France (Maison royale de Saint-Ouen, near Saint-Denis 14 Jun 1388-1390, bur Abbaye royale de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aumône). Royal accounts record the birth 14 Jun 1388 “en la maison royale de Saint-Ouen, près Saint-Denis” of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VI[1058]. A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records her death in 1390 and burial “en l’abbaye royale de Maubuisson”[1059].

3. ISABELLE de France (Palais du Louvre 9 Nov 1389-Blois before 9 Sep 1409, bur Chapelle de Notre-Dame des Bonnes-Nouvelles, Abbaye de Saint-Laumer, Blois, transferred 1624 to l'église des Célestins, Paris). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 and royal accounts records the birth 9 Nov 1389 “au Louvre à Paris” of Isabelle daughter of King Charles VI[1060]. Her first marriage sealed the four-year peace with England concluded by her father in 1395. The marriage contract between “[le] Roy d´Angleterre” and “[le roy de France] nostre...niece” is dated 9 Mar 1396[1061]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage “en la desraine sepmaine d’octobre” in 1396 of “Ricart roy d’Engleterre” and “la fille Charlles de Vallois second, roy de France”, with details about the celebrations[1062]. The Annals of Bermondsey record the marriage “1396…circa festum Omnium Sanctorum apud Caleys” of “Isabella regina regi Ricardo” and her coronation “8 Jan…apud Westmonasterium”[1063]. Imprisoned after the deposition of her first husband, she returned to France in Aug 1401. The marriage contract between “nostre...fille Isabelle de France Reyne d’Angleterre” and “nostre...neveu Charles d’Angoulesme aisné fils de nostre frere [le Duc d’Orleans]” is dated 1404[1064]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage “au Chastel-Tyerry”, in May 1405 from the context, of “l’ainsné filz au duc d’Orlienz, frere du roy” and “la fille dudit roy, celle qui se disoit royne d’Engleterre et fame de Ricart roy d‘Engleterre”[1065]. She died from the after-effects of childbirth. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records her death 13 Sep 1409, adding that she “n’ut omcques nul enfant” and that “le pleupe, clers et lays” were “mal contens pour ce qu’ilz estoient cousinz frareux”[1066]. m firstly (contract Paris 9 Mar 1396, by proxy Sainte-Chapelle, Palais Royal, Paris 12 Mar 1396, Calais Saint-Nicolas 1 Nov 1396, not consummated) as his second wife, RICHARD II King of England, son of EDWARD Prince of Wales "the Black Prince" & Joan Ctss of Kent (Bordeaux [6] Jan 1367-Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire, probably murdered 6 Jan or 14 Feb 1400, bur King’s Langley Church, Hertfordshire, transferred 1413 to Westminster Abbey). m secondly (contract 5 Jun 1406, Compiègne, Oise 6 Jun 1407) as his first wife, CHARLES d'Orléans Comte d'Angoulême, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orléans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan (Hôtel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Château d'Amboise 4 Jan 1465, bur Chapelle d'Orléans, église des Célestins, Paris). He succeeded his father in 1407 as Duc d'Orléans.

4. JEANNE de France (Château de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 24 Jan 1391-Vannes, Morbihan 27 Sep 1433, bur Vannes, Cathédrale de Saint-Pierre). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 and royal accounts records the birth 24 Jan 1391 (N.S.) “au château de Melun” of Jeanne daughter of King Charles VI[1067]. The marriage contract between “Jehan Duc de Bretagne Comte de Richemont...nostre...filz Jehan Comte de Montfort” and “Monsieur le Roy...Madame Jehanne de France [sa] fille”, on the understanding that he would succeed “à nostre...compagne la Duchesse mere de nostredit filz...come son filz aisné”, is dated 26 Jan 1391 (presumably O.S.)[1068]. Her marriage was celebrated twice, due to an "irregularity" in the first ceremony[1069]. The Chronicon Britannicum records the death 20 Sep 1433 of “Johanna senior filia regis Franciæ ducissa Britanniæ” and her burial “in ecclesia cathedrali S. Petri Venetensis”[1070]. m (contract Tours 26 Jan 1392, Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 19 Sep 1396, Palais du Louvre 30 Jul 1397) JEAN de Bretagne Earl of Richmond, son of JEAN V Duke of Brittany & his third wife Infanta doña Juana de Navarra (Château de l'Hermine, near Vannes, Morbihan 24 Dec 1389-manoir de La Touche, near Nantes 29 Aug 1442, bur Tréguier, Cathédrale Saint-Tugdual). He succeeded his father in 1399 as JEAN VI Duke of Brittany.

5. CHARLES de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 6 Feb 1392-Paris 13 Jan 1401, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the birth “mardi VI jour de fevrier”, 1390 from the context (which must be incorrect as shown by the births of his parents’ other children) of “un enfant de la royne de France nommé Kalles” who was later poisoned[1071]. Royal accounts records the birth 6 Feb 1392 (N.S.) “à Paris en l’hôtel de Saint-Paul” of Charles son of King Charles VI[1072]. Duc de Guyenne. Royal accounts records the death 13 Jan 1401 (N.S.) of “Monseigneur le Daulphin”[1073]. Betrothed to MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of JEAN de Bourgogne [later JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy] & his wife Margareta of Holland (1390-Paris 2 Feb 1441, bur Paris église des Carmélites). The marriage contract between “Marguerite de Bourgongne fille de...les Comte et Comtesse de Nevers” and “notre...fils aisné Louys Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne” is dated 5 May 1403 and records that she was earlier accorded to “feu nostre aisné fils Charles Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne”[1074].

6. MARIE de France (Bois de Vincennes [Jul/Aug] [1393]-Palais Royal, Paris 19 Aug 1438, bur church of the convent at Poissy). The sources are contradictory regarding the date and place of birth of Marie. The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 24 Aug, 1392 from the context (which must be incorrect given the births of her other children), “dans l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul” to “une fille...Marie”, whose mother “promit de vouer cette enfant à Dieu” if the king recovered his senses[1075]. It is assumed that 1392 should be corrected to 1393. A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 22 Aug “au bois de Vincennes” of Marie daughter of King Charles VI[1076]. She entered the convent of Poissy 8 Sep 1397, taking her vows as a nun 26 May 1408. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records that the duke of Burgundy wanted to take “une fille du roy, qui estoit nonnain o Poissy” and marry her to “i seigneur estrangier”, and that the king tried to persuade her, but that she refused, dated to 1405 from the context[1077]. The missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records that Marie was buried “en l’église du couvent de Poissy”[1078].

7. MICHELLE de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 11/12 Jan 1395-Gent 8 Jul 1422, bur Gent, St Bavo). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 11 Jan 1395 (N.S.) “en l’hôtel de Saint-Paul à Paris” of Michelle daughter of King Charles VI[1079]. The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 12 Jan, 1395 from the context, “en l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul” to “une fille...Michelle”[1080]. The marriage contract between “nostre...fille Michelle” and “nostre...cousin Philippes de Bougongne aisné fils [des] Comte et Comtesse de Nevers” is dated 5 May 1403[1081]. m (contract Paris 5 May 1403 and 14 Feb 1405, Paris Jun 1409) as his first wife, PHILIPPE de Bourgogne, son of JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite de Hainaut (Dijon 31 Jul 1396-Bruges 15 Jun 1467, bur Dijon église des Chartreux). He succeeded his father in 1419 as PHILIPPE III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy.

8. LOUIS de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Jan 1397-Hôtel de Bourbon, Paris 18 Dec 1415, bur Notre-Dame de Paris, transferred to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique Rouennaise records the birth “le jour Saint-Vinchent” 1396 (O.S.) of “le tiers enfant maale du roy Kalles”, adding that he later married “la fille de monsr. de Bourguongne”[1082]. He succeeded on the death of his older brother Charles 13 Jan 1401 as Dauphin de Viennois. Duc de Guyenne 14 Jan 1401. Leader of the Council of the King 31 Dec 1409. Comte de Mortain Mar 1412. The Chronique Rouennaise records that King Charles had three sons of whom “l’ainsné” died “merquedi xviii jour decembre” 1415[1083]. The Geste des Nobles records the death “ou chastel du Louvre” of “le duc Loys de Guienne sans lignie de son corps” and his burial “en l’église de Paris”, dated to end Dec 1415 from the context[1084]. m (contract Paris 5 May 1403, Notre-Dame de Paris 30 Aug 1404, consummated Jun 1409) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, widow of LOUIS de France Dauphin de Viennois, daughter of JEAN de Bourgogne [later JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy] & his wife Margareta of Holland (1390-Paris 2 Feb 1442, bur Paris église des Carmélites). The marriage contract between “Marguerite de Bourgongne fille de...les Comte et Comtesse de Nevers” and “notre...fils aisné Louys Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne” is dated 5 May 1403 and records that she was earlier accorded to “feu nostre aisné fils Charles Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne”[1085]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage in Sep 1404 of “l’ainsné filz du roy de Franche” and “la fille au duc de Bourguongne”[1086]. She married secondly (Dijon 10 Oct 1423) as his first wife, Arthur de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, Comte de Dreux, who succeeded in 1457 as Arthur III Duke of Brittany. The Geste des Nobles records the marriage of “la seur ainsnée du duc de Bourgoigne qui veufve fut de feu duc de Loys de Guienne” and “[le] comte de Richemont, frère du duc de Bretaigne”, dated to 1423 from the context[1087]. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the death “le jour de la feste de la Purification de Nostre-Dame...à Paris en l’ostel de Porc-Espi”, 1442 (N.S.) from the context, of “madame de Guienne jadis femme première de feu de bonne mémoire...le duc Loys de Guienne, aisné filz du roy Charles VI, et depuis femme de Monseigneur le conte de Richemont” after a long illness and her burial “[en l’]église jucques à Nostre-Dame des Carmes”[1088].

9. JEAN de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 31 Aug 1398-Compiègne 4/5 Apr 1417, bur Compiègne, Abbaye royale de Saint-Corneille). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 31 Aug 1398 “à Paris en l’hôtel de Saint-Paul” of Jean son of King Charles VI[1089]. Duc de Touraine 12 Jul 1401, confirmed 24 May 1414. Baron de Mortagne 1403. Dauphin de Viennois: the Geste des Nobles records the death of “le duc Loys de Guienne sans lignie de son corps” and the succession as “Dauphin de Viennois et duc de Touraine” of “Jehan son frère”[1090]. Duc de Berry: the Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of “le duc Jehan de Berry et d’Auvergne conte de Poitou”, the king succeeded to “ses duchié de Berry et conté de Poitou” and gave Berry to “monseigneur Jehan son filz...qui par avant tenoit Touraine avecques de Dauphiniat”[1091]. He lived with his father-in-law, returning to France Jan 1417. The Geste des Nobles records the death “de maladie...le dimenche avant Pasques fleuries” 1416 (O.S.) of “Messire Jehan” and his burial “en l’abbaye saint Cornille”[1092]. m (contract Paris 5 May 1403, Compiègne 29 Jun 1406, dispensation 22 Apr 1411, contract The Hague 6 Aug 1415) as her first husband, JACQUELINE de Hainaut, daughter of GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Seeland & his wife Marguerite de Bourgogne (Le Quesnoy 16 Jul 1401-murdered at Schloss Teilingen 8 Oct 1436, bur The Hague). The Geste des Nobles records that Jean married “[le] duc de Horlande...[sa] fille”[1093]. She succeeded her father in 1417 as JACQUELINE Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland and Seeland.

10. CATHERINE de France (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 27 Oct 1401-Bermondsey, Abbey of St Saviour 3 Jan 1438, bur Westminster Abbey). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 27 Oct 1401 “en l’hôtel de Saint-Paul à Paris” of Catherine daughter of King Charles VI[1094]. The Chronicle of Adam de Usk records that “dominus rex” requested “in Franciam...regem eciam et reginam ac eorum filiam Katerinam” as his wife and “regnum” after her father´s death[1095]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records that King Henry V entered Troyes 21 May 1420 and “le dimence ensuiant” there married “la fille du roy...Catherine”[1096]. Crowned Queen of England 24 Feb 1421 at Westminster Abbey. The Historie of England by Polydore Vergil records that King Henry V´s widow married, after he died, “Owen Tyder a gentleman of Wales...who derived his pedigree from Cadwallider the last king of Brittons”[1097]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the will of [her son] "Jasper Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke", dated 15 Dec 1495, proved 2 Jul 1496, which ordered masses for the souls of “Katherine sometime Queen of England my mother, Edmund late Earl of Richmond my brother”[1098]. She died in childbirth. A manuscript calendar records the death “III Non Jan” of “queene Katerine”[1099]. The Annales of William Wyrcester record the death 3 Feb 1437 “aìd Barmondsey” of “regina Katerina”[1100]. She died in childbirth. m firstly (contract Troyes 21 May 1420, Troyes Cathedral 2 Jun 1420) HENRY V King of England, son of HENRY IV King of England & his first wife Mary de Bohun (Monmouth Castle 9 Aug 1387-Château du Bois de Vincennes 31 Aug 1422, bur Westminster Abbey). m secondly (secretly [1425/28]) OWEN Tudor, son of MAREDUDD [Meredith] ap Tewdwr & his wife Margred [Margaret] Fychan (Plas Penmynydd, Wales [1400]-executed Hereford 2 Feb 1461, bur Hereford, Church of the Grey Friars).

11. CHARLES de France (Hôtel Royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Feb 1403-Château de Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Cher 22 Jul 1461, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of “le duc Jehan de Berry et d’Auvergne conte de Poitou”, the king gave “le duchié de Touraine et la fille du roy de Sécille” to “Charles son maisné filz conte de Ponthieu”[1101]. He succeeded his father in 1422 as CHARLES VII "le Victorieux" King of France.

- see below.

12. PHILIPPE de France (Hôtel Barbette, Marais, Paris 10 Nov 1407-[10/11] Nov 1407, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth “la veille de la Saint-Martin d’hiver...en son hôtel à Paris près la porte Barbette” to “un fils...Philippe” whose body was taken the next day to Saint-Denis for burial[1102].

King Charles VI had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):

13. MARGUERITE de Valois ([1407]-[1448/58]). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that, because the queen was not allowed to sleep with the king during his periods of insanity, “on lui avait donné pour concubine...[la] fille d’un marchand de chevaux [“mercatoris equorum”]...du consentement de la reine...désignée sous le nom de la petite reine”, noting that she was given “deux...manoirs...à Creteil et...à Bagnolet”, by whom the king had a daughter (called “[la] demoiselle de Belleville”) who was married “à un certain Harpedanne” with “la seigneurie de Belleville en Poitou”[1103]. Vallet de Viriville supports as “extrêmement plausible” a theory that Marguerite was born “vers 1407”[1104]. The king granted “les produits du péage de Saint-Jean-de-Losne en Bourgogne et du rouage de Troyes” to “Odinette de Champdivers” and her daughter Marguerite de Valois in 1418[1105]. The king granted part of receipts from “le péage de Saint-Jean-de-Losne” to Marguerite “fille d’Odinette de Champdivers” in 1422[1106]. Père Anselme records that “Marguerite de Valois” was legitimated by King Charles VII by letters dated Jan 1427 (O.S.) “à Montrichard”[1107]. Père Anselme records the marriage contract of “Marguerite de Valois” and “Jean de Harpedene III du nom seigneur de Belleville en Poitou et de Montagu”, adding that “un compte de Matthieu Beauvarlet general de toutes finances” confirms that she was no longer living in 1458[1108]. m (contract 3 May 1428) as his first wife, JEAN [III] de Harpedanne Seigneur de Belleville, son of JEAN [II] de Harpedanne Seigneur de Belleville & his wife Jeanne de Mussidan.

CHARLES de France, son of CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aimé" King of France & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Ingolstadt (Hôtel Royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Feb 1403-Château de Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Cher 22 Jul 1461, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 22 Feb 1403 (N.S.) “à Paris en l’hôtel de Saint-Paul” of Charles son of King Charles VI[1109]. Comte de Ponthieu. Duc de Touraine 4/5 Apr 1417. The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of “le duc Jehan de Berry et d’Auvergne conte de Poitou”, the king gave “le duchié de Touraine et la fille du roy de Sécille” to “Charles son maisné filz conte de Ponthieu”[1110]. Member of the Royal Council from 3 Sep 1416. Dauphin de Viennois: the Geste des Nobles records the death “de maladie...le dimenche avant Pasques fleuries” 1416 (O.S.) of “Messire Jehan” and the succession of “Monseigneur Charles son mainsné frère”[1111]. Duc de Berry, Comte de Poitou 17 May 1417. He was named President of the Royal Council 14 Jun 1417 during the periods of insanity of his father. Invested as Lieutenant General of the King in the whole kingdom 6 Nov 1417. He escaped from Paris 29 May 1418 after it was invaded by the Burgundians, and established his parliament at Poitou 21 Sep 1418. Regent of France 26 Dec 1418. After the Treaty of Troyes 21 May 1420, naming Henry V King of England as regent and heir to the throne of France, Charles withdrew to Anjou, Poitou and Berry. Deprived of the regency 3 Jan 1421. He succeeded his father in 1422 as CHARLES VII "le Victorieux" King of France, establishing his residence at Bourges abandoned by most of France. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records that, after the death in 1422 of King Charles VI, from 12 Nov 1422 the chancellerie at Paris sealed documents in the name of “Henry...roy de France et d’Angleterre”, while at the same time “monseigneur le Daulphin” titled himself “Charles roy de France” in his seal[1112]. With the help of Jeanne d'Arc, he re-established himself and was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 17 Jul 1429. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records details of the king’s coronation at Reims[1113]. He entered Paris 12 Nov 1437. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the death in Jul 1461 at “Meun sur Yèvre...le jour de la Magdeleine” of “le roy...Charles VII” after rumours that he had been poisoned and his burial “en l’église Monseigneur Saint-Denis en France” in the chapel where his father and grandfather were buried[1114].

m (contract Palais du Louvre 18 Dec 1413, Tours 2 Jun 1422) MARIE d'Anjou, daughter of LOUIS II Duc d'Anjou Titular King of Naples, Sicily and Jerusalem & his wife Infanta doña Violanta de Aragón (Angers 14 Oct 1404-Abbaye de Chateliers-en-Poitou, near Saint-Maxent, Deux-Sèvres 29 Nov 1463, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of “le duc Jehan de Berry et d’Auvergne conte de Poitou”, the king gave “le duchié de Touraine et la fille du roy de Sécille” to “Charles son maisné filz conte de Ponthieu”[1115]. Her mother transferred her rights to the crown of Aragon to her at Saumur 16 Feb 1440. She claimed her rights to Aragon 1446.

Mistress (1): AGNES Sorel, daughter of [JEAN Soreau Seigneur de Saint-Gérand & his wife Catherine de Maignelas Chatelaine de Verneuil] ([after 1420/22]-Château d'Anneville, Jumièges, Normandie 9 Feb 1450, bur Loches église collégiale Saint-Ours, transferred to Logis Royal de Loches, transferred back 2 Apr 2005 to l’église collégiale Saint-Ours[1116]). According to Delort, Agnes Sorel was born “au village de Fromenteau en Touraine, près de Loches vers l’an 1409”[1117]. However, Vallet de Viriville refers to a document from Loches which confirms that the church’s chapter had bought Fromenteau with money which Agnes had bequeathed, concluding that her family had never owned the property in question and therefore doubting her birth at this place[1118]. As far as the date is concerned, Delort provides no basis for his suggestion, which appears early considering the estimated birth dates of Agnes’s children (see below). Beaucourt suggests that “après 1420 ou 1422” would be more consistent with the documentation[1119]. Père Anselme names “Jean Soreau seigneur de S. Geran et...Catherine de Magnelers dite Tristan fille de Jean dit Tristan seigneur de Magnelers et de Marie de Jouy” as Agnes’s parents, citing no primary source which corroborates this information[1120]. Delort adds that Agnes’s father was “écuyer seigneur de Coudun et de Saint-Gérant, conseiller...du comte de Clermont”, and notes that she was orphaned “de bonne heure” and was brought up by “Madame de Maignelais sa tante, veuve” but cites no primary source either[1121]. Delort’s narrative suggests that Agnes must have become the king’s mistress in the early 1430s although he cites no document which confirms that this dating is correct[1122]. His suggestion seems based on literary anecdote that Agnes helped convince King Charles VII of the need for action to retake his throne, a tradition which Beaucourt demonstrated in the mid-19th century was uncorroborated by primary source evidence[1123]. It is more likely that the king’s relationship with Agnes started in the early 1440s: the Mémoires of Olivier de la Marche record that the king had “nouvellement eslevé une pauvre Demoiselle, Genti-femme nommee Agnes du Soret”, commenting that “c’estoit une des plus-belles femmes que je vey oncques”, dated to 1444 from the context[1124]. Assuming this dating is correct, it may represent the moment Agnes was brought to court and officially recognised, which would not exclude the possibility that the king’s relationship with her started earlier. The following document appears to be the earliest official record relating to Agnes: accounts dated Jul 1444 record “Agnès Sorelle” among the “dames et officiers de l’hostel de la Reyne de Sicile, Isabelle de Lorraine”[1125]. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records how “la belle Agnez...qu’on surnommoit Mademoiselle de Beaulté” arrived at court, describes her relations with the king, and records her death 11 Feb 1449 (O.S.) and burial “à Loches...en l’église collégiale de Nostre-Dame”[1126]. “Agnès Sorelle dame de Beaulté et de Roquecesière” acknowledged receipt of revenue “dudit Roquecesière” dated 18 Apr 1448[1127]. The obituary of Notre-Dame de Loches records the death “V Id Feb” of “nobili domicella Agnete de Seurelle domina dum viveret de Beaulté, de Roqueserige, d’Issouldun et de Vernone” and her donation[1128]. Charlier, reporting analysis of the remains of Agnès Sorel taken from her tomb, concluded that she died from excess medication used to treat intestinal parasites, but noting the impossibility of assessing whether she was poisoned intentionally (maybe by Robert Poitevin, the king’s doctor)[1129]. Letters dated 18 Dec 1450 record that the testamentary executors of “feue madamoiselle Agnès Sorelle” sold certain jewelry to the king[1130].

Mistress (2): ANTOINETTE de Maignelais, daughter of ---. Vallet de Viriville states that, after the death of Agnès Sorel, “Antoinette de Maignelais lui succéda dans les faveurs du roi”, noting that the king donated “la terre de Saint-Sauveur” to “André de Villequier qui peu après épousa Antoinette de Maignelais” by charter dated 7 Jul 1450[1131]. She married (before Apr 1451) André de Villequier. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII notes that “Monseigneur de Villequier escuyer et mademoiselle sa femme” were “en grande authorité” in the king’s court, dated to Apr 1451 from the context[1132].

King Charles VII & his wife had thirteen children:

1. LOUIS de France (Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Jul 1423-Château de Plessis-les-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 30 Aug 1483, bur Notre-Dame de Cléry, Loiret). The Chronique de la Pucelle records the birth 4 Jul, 1423 from the context, of “Louis aisné fils du roy de France et de madame Marie fille du roy de Sicile”[1133]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth. He succeeded in 1461 as LOUIS XI King of France.

- see below.

2. JEAN de France (b and d [Poitiers] Sep 1426). Fresne de Beaucourt notes that “les généalogistes...ne font pas mention de Jean, l’enfant mort-né en septembre 1425” but does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[1134]. Kerrebrouck refers to “les comptes de l’hôtel [unspecified]” which mention “l’obit de l’enfant”[1135]. His existence is not recorded by Père Anselme[1136].

3. RADEGONDE de France (Chinon, Indre-et-Loire [Aug] 1428-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 19 Mar 1444, bur Tours, Cathédrale Saint-Gatien). Fresne de Beaucourt notes a document dated 29 Aug 1428 “émané du trésorier général de la Reine, Jean Bouju” which mentions “[la] gésine dernièrement faicte en la ville de Chinon de madame Arragonde de France”[1137]. Père Anselme records the marriage contract between “Radegonde de France” and “Sigismond duc d’Autriche” dated 22 Jul 1430[1138]. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII names “...Madame Ragonde fille du roy...” among those present in Jun 1436 at the marriage of “Madame Marguerite fille du roy d’Escosse” and “Monseigneur le daulphin”[1139]. Père Anselme states that “le compte 8. de Jean de Xancoins receveur general de toutes finances” records the death of Radégonde 19 Mar 1444 and her burial “dans l’église de S. Gatian”[1140]. Betrothed (contract Innsbruck 22 Jul 1430) to SIGISMUND of Austria, son of FRIEDRICH IV "mit den leeren Tasche" Graf von Tirol & his second wife Anna von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Innsbruck 26 Oct 1427-Innsbruck 4 Mar 1496, bur Stams). He succeeded his father in 1439 as SIGISMUND "der Münzreiche" Graf von Tirol.

4. CATHERINE de France ([1429/30]-Brussels 13 Sep 1446, bur Brussels, Cathédrale Saint-Michel). Père Anselme records the marriage contract of Catherine dated 30 Sep 1438 at Blois[1141]. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the marriage “à Reins...le mercredy suivant [la] feste de la Pentecoste” 1440 of “Madame Katherine fille du roy [...seulement aagée de six ou sept ans], fiancée au seigneur de Charoloys, filz de Monseigneur de Bourgogne”, adding that it was arranged “pour tousjours entretenir davantage bonne paix entre le roy et ledit duc”[1142]. Père Anselme states that Catherine died at Brussels in 1446 “âgée de 18 ans” (presumably exaggerated considering the likely birth date of her sister Radégonde) and was buried “dans l’église de sainte Gudule”, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1143]. m (Reims 19 May 1440) CHARLES de Bourgogne Comte de Charolais, son of PHILIPPE III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy & his third wife Infanta doña Isabel de Portugal (Dijon 11 Nov 1433-killed in battle Nancy 5 Jan 1477, bur 1512 Bruges église de Notre-Dame). He succeeded his father in 1467 as CHARLES "le Hardi/le Téméraire" Duke of Burgundy.

5. JACQUES de France (1432-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 2 Mar 1437, bur Tours, Cathédrale Saint-Gatien). Père Anselme records that, according to “M. du Fourny”, Jacques, son of King Charles VII, was born in 1432, died 2 Mar 1437 (O.S. or N.S.?) “à Tours” and was buried “dans l’église cathedrale de S. Gatian”[1144].

6. YOLANDE de France (Tours, Indre-et-Loire 23 Sep 1434-Chambéry 29 Aug 1478, bur Vercelli, San Eusebio). Père Anselme records the birth 23 Sep 1434 at Tours of Yolande, daughter of King Charles VII, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1145]. The marriage contract between "Amedeo di Savoia figlio del Duca Lodovico" and "Yolant di Francia figlia di Carlo VII Re di Francia" is dated 16 Aug 1436[1146]. After her betrothal, she was sent to Thonon to be brought up by her future mother-in-law. Regent of Savoy 1472-1478 during the minority of her son Philibert. m (contract Tours 16 Aug 1436, Feurs en Forez, Loire 1452) AMEDEE de Savoie, son of LOUIS Duc de Savoie & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (Château de Thonon, Haute-Savoie 1 Feb 1435-Vercelli 30 Mar 1472, bur Vercelli, San Eusebio). He succeeded his father in 1465 as AMEDEE IX Duke of Savoy.

7. JEANNE de France ([1435]-Château de Moulins, Allier 4 May 1482, bur Moulins, église de Notre-Dame). No primary source has been identified which records the birth date of Jeanne but, considering the birth dates of her siblings, [1435] appears to be the likely date. Père Anselme records the marriage contract of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VII, and Jean de Bourbon Comte de Clermont dated 11 Mar 1447 “au château de Montils-lez-Tours”[1147]. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that “monseigneur Jean Duc de Bourbonnois et d’Auvergne” married “madame Iehanne de France fille aisnee du Roy Charles septiesme de ce nom”[1148]. m (contracts Château de Montils-lès-Tours 23 Dec 1446 and Tours 26 Dec 1446, dispensation 3 Nov 1452, in person end 1452) as his first wife, JEAN de Bourbon Comte de Clermont, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne & his wife Agnès de Bourgogne [Valois] (Château de Moulins, Allier 30 Aug 1426[1149]-Château de Moulins 1 Apr 1488, bur Priory of Souvigny). He succeeded his father in 1456 as JEAN II Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne.

8. PHILIPPE de France (Château de Chinon, Indre-et-Loire 4 Feb 1436-Jun 1436). Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records that the queen gave birth 4 Feb “ou chastel de Chinon” 1436 (N.S.) to “ung enfant masle...Philippe”, adding that he only lived for four months[1150]. A later passage in the same source records the death of “Monseigneur Philippe de France” in Jun 1436 aged four months[1151].

9. MARGUERITE de France ([May] 1437-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 24 Jul 1438). Père Anselme states that “un registre de la chambre des comptes, communiqué par feu M. d’Herouval” records the birth “vers le mois de mai 1437” of Marguerite, daughter of King Charles VII, and her death at Tours 24 Jul 1438[1152].

10. JEANNE de France (Amboise 7 Sep 1438-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 26 Dec 1446). Père Anselme records the birth 7 Sep 1438 of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VII, and her death 26 Dec 1446 “à Tours” but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1153]. Jeanne provides one of the rare cases in the Valois family where a daughter was given the same name as her living older sister. As duplicate naming is not otherwise regularly observed in the family, an error in the primary source which records Jeanne is a possibility.

11. MARIE de France (Amboise 7 Sep 1438-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 14 Feb 1439). Père Anselme notes that Marie was twin of Jeanne and records her death 14 Feb 1439 (O.S. or N.S.?) but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1154].

12. MADELEINE de France (Tours, Indre-et-Loire 1 Dec 1443-Pamplona 24 Jan 1495, bur Pamplona Cathedral). Père Anselme records the birth 1 Dec 1443 at Tours of Madeleine, daughter of King Charles VII, and her betrothal in Dec 1457 to Ladislaus Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia, but does not cite the primary sources on which this information is based[1155]. Père Anselme notes the marriage contract of Madeleine, daughter of King Charles VII, and Gaston de Foix dated 11 Feb 1461 (O.S. or N.S.?) at Saint-Jean d’Angély[1156]. Betrothed (Dec 1457) to LADISLAUS Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia, LÁSZLÓ V King of Hungary, son of ALBRECHT V Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his wife Elisabeth Pss of Bohemia & Hungary [Luxembourg] (posthumously Komárom [today Komárno, Slovakia] 22 Feb 1440-Prague 23 Nov 1457, bur Prague St Veit). m (contract Tours 1458, contract Saint-Jean-d'Angély 11 Feb 1462, Saint-Macaire, Gironde 7 Mar 1462) GASTON de Foix Principe de Viana, son of GASTON IV de Grailly Comte de Foix et de Bigorre & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Aragón y Navarra [later Leonor I Queen of Navarre] (1444-Libourne, Gironde 23 Nov 1470, bur Bordeaux, Cathédrale Saint-André). He died from injuries received during a tournament.

13. CHARLES de France (Château de Montils-lès-Tours 12 Dec 1446-Bordeaux 24 May 1472, bur Bordeaux, Cathédrale Saint-André). Père Anselme records the birth 28 Dec 1446 “au château de Montils-lez-Tours” of Charles, son of King Charles VII, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1157]. The primary source which confirms his date and place of birth has not been identified. He bore the title Duc de Berry from birth, confirmed Nov 1461. His father Charles VII unsuccessfully proposed Charles to succeed Ladislaus of Austria as King of Bohemia and Hungary, sending an ambassador to Prague Feb 1458. Duc de Normandie, Comte de Mortain Oct 1465, enthroned as duke at Notre-Dame de Rouen 1 Dec 1465, dispossessed by the king his brother in Nov 1469. Duc de Guyenne Apr 1469. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that the king learnt the death of “mondit seigneur de Guyenne son frere” in late May 1472 and appointed “monseigneur de Beaujeu frere de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourbon” as “gouverneur” of the duchy of Guyenne[1158]. Père Anselme records that “Jordain Faure dit Versois abbé de S. Jean d’Angely son aumônier” poisoned Charles at Bordeaux 12 May 1472 and that he was buried “dans l’église de saint André de Bourdeaux” but does not cite the primary sources which confirm this information[1159]. Mistress (1): COLETTE de Chambes, wife of LOUIS Seigneur d'Amboise Vicomte de Thouars Prince de Talmont, daughter of JEAN de Chambes Seigneur de Montsoreau [counsellor and first maître d'hôtel of the King, captain and governor of La Rochelle] & his wife Jeanne Chabot (-Saint-Sever 14 Dec 1471, bur Saint-Sever). Père Anselme names “Colette de Chambes-Montsoreau, veuve de Louis seigneur d’Amboise” as mother of the two illegitimate daughters of Charles Duc de Guyenne named below but does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[1160]. She left her husband mid-1469 to live with Charles Duc de Guyenne. Duke Charles had two illegitimate daughters by Mistress (1):

a) JEANNE bâtarde de Guyenne (-31 Jan 1542). Dominican nun. Under-prioress at Blaye, under-prioress at Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, appointed prioress 1498[1161]. . Recorded as living in 1533 in the “Memorial GG. de la chambre des comptes” which confirms payment by the king of “rente viagere sur le revenu de Perigord”[1162]. The necrology of Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière records the death 31 Jan 1541 (O.S.) of “domina Joanna de Guiene, priorissa hujus monasterii” who was prioress for 43 years[1163].

b) ANNE bâtarde de Guyenne (-before 14 Nov 1491). Père Anselme records the marriage contract between “Anne bâtarde de Guyenne” and “François de Volvyre seigneur de Ruffec conseiller et chambellan du roy” dated 3 Oct 1490 and her death childless[1164]. m (contract 5 Oct 1470) as his first wife, FRANÇOIS de Volvire, son of JEAN de Volvire Seigneur de Ruffec [en Angoumois] & his wife Catherine de Comborn (-after 20 Apr 1541). Seigneur de Montcucq en Quercy 1471. Counsellor and Chamberlain of the king. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Ruffec.

King Charles VII had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1) (the order of births of the first three children is uncertain):

14. MARIE bâtarde de France ([1443/1444]-before 1473). Beaucourt suggests that Marie was her parents’ first born child, considering that she married before her sisters and in light of the specific document recognising her paternity[1165]. Considering the likely date of the start of the king’s relationship with her mother as discussed above, it is probable that the couple’s oldest daughter was born in late 1443 or 1444. Recognised by her father King Charles VII with the name "de Valois" Oct 1458, she was created Dame de Royan et de Mornac en Saintonge. A charter dated 28 Oct 1458 at Vendôme records the dowry provided by King Charles VII for the marriage of “nostre...conseiller et chambellan Olivier sieur de Coettigny et de Taillebourg chevalier, sénéchal de Guyenne” and “notre...fille naturelle Marie de Valois”, notes the loyal service of “feu Tanneguy du Chastel son oncle, Prégent sieur de Cottigny en son vivant admiral de France, frère dud. Olivier”, and states that “Marie nostre fille estant enfant” had been transferred to “led. feu Prégent de Coettigny” and brought up “aud. chastel de Taillebourg” throughout his life and until now “qu’elle est en aage de marier”[1166]. If Marie had recently attained marriageable age, as suggested by the full text of this document, and assuming that 14 years old was the earliest age for marriage of daughters of the nobility at the time, it is reasonable to suppose that Marie was born “before [1444]”. Delort dates Marie’s birth to “peu de jours après le mariage du Dauphin” (25 Jun 1436, see below) at Fromenteau[1167]. He cites no document on which he bases this assessment, which appears inconsistent with the wording of the charter dated 28 Oct 1458. Accounts for the year starting 1 Oct 1458 record that in Nov 1458 the king gave money “pour avoir robes et abillements à son plaisir le jour et feste de ses nopces” to “madame Marie de Valoys femme du sénéchal de Guyenne”[1168]. m (Nov 1458) OLIVIER de Coëtivy Seigneur de Coëtivy et de Taillebourg, son of ALAIN [III] de Coëtivy Seigneur de Coëtivy et de Taillebourg & his wife Catherine de Chastel (-before 1480).

15. CHARLOTTE bâtarde de France ([1445/48]-murdered Château de Rouvres, near Anet, Eure-et-Loire 31 May/1 Jun 1476, bur Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi). The chronology of Delort’s narrative concerning Agnes Sorel is consistent with Charlotte having been born in 1434[1169]. This date seems unlikely to be correct, considering (1) that her sister Marie was recorded in 28 Oct 1458 as being then “en aage de marier” (see above), the full text of the passage implying that she had attained that age recently, and (2) that it would not be unreasonable to assess 14 years old as the earliest age for marriage among daughters of the nobility at the time. Père Anselme names Charlotte as her parents’ oldest child[1170]. This seems inconsistent with her marriage after her sister Marie, as noted above. She was named “Carlotte de France sœur naturelle du Roy” in a receipt dated 18 May 1462[1171]. She was stabbed by her husband after finding her in flagrante delicto. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that 13 Jun 1476 “le Seneschal de Normandie, fils de feu messire Pierre de Breze, qui fut tué à la rencontre de Montlhery”, on a hunting trip “prés d’un villaige...Romiers les Dourdan” with “madame Charlotte de France sa femme, fille naturelle [de] feu Roy Charles et de Damoiselle Agnes Sorel”, discovered his wife with “un gentil-homme du pays de Poictou...Pierre de la Vergne” and killed them both[1172]. Douët d’Arcq reviewed the trial in detail[1173]. This includes his initial sentence to pay 100,000 écus as payment for which he ceded all his possessions to the king by contract at Tours 6 Oct 1481, his appeal in 1484 to the Parliament which found in his favour, and his being pardoned in Aug 1486 by Charles VIII King of France[1174]. m (1 Mar 1462) JACQUES de Brezé, son of PIERRE [II] de Brezé Comte de Maulévrier [counsellor and chamberlain of the King] & his wife Jeanne Crespin (-Nogent-le-Roi 14 Aug 1494, bur Coulombs abbey). He succeeded his father 16 Jul 1465 as Comte de Maulévrier.

16. JEANNE bâtarde de France ([1445/48]-after 1467). Delort dates Jeanne’s birth to 1444 “au château de Beauté” but cites no primary source on which he bases this information[1175]. Père Anselme names Jeanne as her parents’ third child[1176]. There appears to be no primary source evidence which indicates the order of birth of Jeanne and her sister Charlotte. Jeanne’s marriage before Charlotte may indicate that she was older. The contract between “Jehan seigneur de Bueil chevalier comte de Sancerre...ou nom de Anthoine de Bueil son filz aisné” and “Pierre Berart chevalier seigneur de Bleré et de Chissé mre d’ostel du Roy nostre syre et tresorier de France ou nom et comme procureur du Roy nostre dit seigneur” for the marriage of “le dit Anthoine de Bueil” and “dame Jeanne de France sœur naturelle du Roy et fille du roy Charles dernier trespassé” is dated 23 Dec 1461 at Tours and records land which “ledit sire de Bueil” had promised to give “Jacques filz bastart de feu Loys de Bueil son frère”[1177]. m (contract Tours 23 Dec 1461) ANTOINE de Bueil, son of JEAN [V] Seigneur de Bueil Comte de Sancerre & his wife Jeanne de Montejean (-after 1506). He succeeded his father in [1477] as Comte de Sancerre, Seigneur de Bueil. Amiral de France.

17. [daughter] (Manoir de Mesnil, near l'Abbaye de Jumièges, Normandie [end Jan/early Feb] 1450-[Feb] 1450, bur Loches église collégiale Saint-Ours, transferred to Logis Royal de Loches, transferred back 2 Apr 2005 to l’église collégiale Saint-Ours). Delort states that Agnès Sorel gave birth to a daughter “au Mesnil-la-Belle dans son château nommé le Manoir” near Jumièges, adding that she survived her mother by only six months (no primary sources cited)[1178]. Charlier, in his analysis of the causes of death of Agnès Sorel (see above), records the discovery of the remains of a 7 month old foetus in her tomb, whose sex was impossible to determine[1179], suggesting that the child did not survive the mother. .

LOUIS de France, son of CHARLES VII King of France & his wife Marie d'Anjou (Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Jul 1423-Château de Plessis-les-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 30 Aug 1483, bur Notre-Dame de Cléry, Loiret). The Chronique de la Pucelle records the birth 4 Jul, 1423 from the context, of “Louis aisné fils du roy de France et de madame Marie fille du roy de Sicile”[1180]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth. He moved to Viennois in Jan 1447, governing the territory himself until Aug 1456. He founded the University of Valence in 1454, and annexed Orange. He was in open revolt against his father in 1456, and was forced to seek refuge in Brabant at the Château de Genappe. He returned to France on the death of his father in 1461, succeeding as LOUIS XI King of France, consecrated 15 Aug 1461 at Notre-Dame de Reims. On the death of Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1477, he united the duchy of Burgundy and the counties of Artois and Boulogne with the crown. He inherited the possessions of René Duc d'Anjou, and his nephew Charles Comte du Maine. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the king’s death “le penultiesme jour du mois d’Aoust...en son hostel des Montils les Tours” 1483 and his burial “en l’Eglise nostre Dame de Clery”[1181].

m firstly (contract Perth, Scotland 19 Jul 1428, contract Chinon, Indre-et-Loire 30 Oct 1428, Cathédrale de Tours 25 Jun 1436) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of JAMES I King of Scotland & his wife Joan Beaufort (1424-Châlons-sur-Marne, Cathédrale Saint-Etienne 16 Aug 1445, bur Abbaye de Saint-Laon, Vienne). Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the arrival at Tours 24 Jun 1436 of “Madame Marguerite fille du roy d’Escosse...comme daulphine” and her marriage the next day to “Monseigneur le daulphin”[1182].

m secondly (contract Genève, couvent des Cordeliers, Château de Chambéry 9 Mar 1451) CHARLOTTE de Savoie, daughter of LOUIS I Duke of Savoy & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (11 Nov 1441-Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 1 Dec 1483, bur Cléry, église de Notre-Dame). The marriage contract between “Ludovicus regis Francorum...primogenitus Dalphinus Vienn. comesque Valentineus et Diensis” and “Ludovicus dux Sabaudiæ Chablaisii et Augustæ...dominam Carolam filiam” is dated 28 Jan 1451[1183]. The marriage contract between "Lodovico figlio primogenitor del Re di Francia Delfino" and "Carlotta figlia del Duca Lodovico di Savoia" is dated 14 Feb 1451[1184]. This second marriage took place without the consent of Louis's father.

The mistresses of Louis XI King of France and his illegitimate children were studied again in June 2021 by Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, who has submitted the following results of his new research for inclusion in Medieval Lands[1185].

Mistress (1): ([1447/56?]) FELISE Reynard, wife/widow of JEAN Pic Châtelain de Beaumont-en-Trièves [today Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont, département Isère, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Corps], daughter of AINARD Reynard Seigneur de Saint-Didier & his wife --- (-[25 Mar/5 Sep] 1474]). Pilot de Thorey says that “Félize Reynard appartenait à une famille noble, originaire de Die”, records the family’s arms and her parentage (including her father’s 20 Jan 1441 charter requesting the bishop of Die to confirm the privileges of Die town), and her marriage to “Jean Pic, écuyer, fils d’un notaire de Grenoble...”[1186]. Anatole de Gallier also discusses the family’s antecedents in Die[1187]. “Jean Pic, écuyer” was granted “l’office de châtelain de Beaumont” by letters dated 30 Nov 1447, confirmed 14 Sep 1450[1188]. Dauphin Louis granted “l’administration et gouvernement de l’office de capitaine, châtelain et garde des château, ville et mandement de Beaumont...” to “demoiselle Félize Reynard, veuve de Jean Pic...de son vivant...capitaine et châtelain de Beaumont“, in consideration for services rendered by “le susdit Jean Pic”, by letters dated 5 Jun 1452, registered 15 Feb 1453[1189]. Félise retained possession until 8 Jan 1456, when the position was granted to “Jean du Fou”[1190], but probably recovered possession later as a document dated 5 Sep 1474 records its reintegration after her death “au domaine delphinal”[1191]. King Louis granted payments to “sa bien amée Félise Reynard, damoiselle”, by charter dated 15 Dec 1470[1192], and she acknowledged receipt 28 Jan 1471[1193]. Félise’s testament, dated 25 Mar 1474, named “ses deux neveux Jean et Aimar Reynard, fils de Guillaume Reynard, son frère, seigneur de Cheylard et de Saint-Didier” as her heirs[1194].

[Mistress (2): ---. The name of this possible mistress is not known. She is shown as an alternative possible mother of the king’s daughter Marie, whom Pilot de Thorey suggests was the daughter of Félise Reynard (without citing a specific source, see below).]

Mistress (3): ---. The name of this mistress, mother of the king’s daughter who married François Ailloud, is not known.

[Mistress (4): GUYETTE Ourand, daughter of JEAN Ourand, notary at Grenoble & his wife --- (-4 Oct 1506, bur Grenoble Cathedral). Pilot de Thorey suggests that Guyette Ourand was another of King Louis’s mistresses. Père Anselme recorded Guyette who “pourroit bien être fille de Phelise Regnard, lors veuve” as another of the king’s illegitimate daughters[1195]. In an earlier edition, Anselme had named Marguerite de Sassenage as Guyette’s mother: Brizard in 1779, observing that “quant à la troisième fille [=Guyette], le P. Anselme est le seul qui en ait parlé comme née de Marguerite de Sassenage”, noted that “mais il est revenu sur ses pas et s’est corrigé lui-même dans sa nouvelle édition” and concluded that “son témoignage doit donc être compté pour rien. Le Président Hénaut en a jugé de même”[1196]. Brizard appears to assume that Guyette was the king’s daughter, but Pilot de Thorey clarifies the question by citing documents which confirm that she was the daughter of “Jean Ourand, notaire et consul de Grenoble”. He notes that Dauphin Louis only arrived in Dauphiné in 1447, meaning that any daughter of his could not have married in 1455 (see below, for the marriage date). He suggests that “il est...beaucoup plus logique de penser que Guyette Ourand fut l’une des maîtresses que le dauphin eut durant son séjour dans nos contrées”[1197]. Dauphin Louis granted “la maison et...jardin qu’il avait acquis dans la ville de Valence, près de la Porte Saunière, de Guillaume bâtard de Poitiers” to “maître Charles de Seillons, son secrétaire”, in consideration of his marriage with “Guyette Ourand”, by charter dated 18 Apr 1455[1198]. Père Anselme incorrectly dates the marriage to 1460[1199]. King Louis XI, after recording the death of “Charles de Seillons” before letters granted to him dated 12 Nov 1476 could be registered, reconfirmed the same grant to “Guyette Ourand sa veuve”, in consideration of her remarriage with “Grâce d’Archelles, son écuyer d’écurie”, by order dated 12 Feb 1479 (O.S.)[1200]. Pilot de Thorey notes that Guyette was recorded selling wine 26 Dec 1499, and that she died 4 Oct 1506 and was buried next to her second husband in Grenoble cathedral, the obituary of which records her donation[1201]. No source has been identified which suggests that Guyette was the mother of any of the king’s children.]

[In addition to the above, there appears to be no evidence that Marguerite de Sassenage [wife of Amblard [IV] de Beaumont Seigneur de Montfort, daughter of Henri [III] Bérenger Baron de Sassenage & his wife Antonia di Saluzzo (-after 18 Mar 1488[1202])] was ever the mistress of King Louis XI or the mother of any of his illegitimate children. Père Anselme records “Marguerite de Sassenage, dame de Beaumont, comme le dit l’Hermite de Soliers, veuve d’Amblard de Beaumont, seigneur de Montfort” as the mother of “Jeanne bâtarde de France...Marie bâtarde de France”, illegitimate daughters of Louis XI King of France[1203]. Similar statements were made by Chorier in 1672[1204]. In the late 18th century, Brizard refuted the information about Marguerite’s supposed relationship with the king, noting that the mid-17th century l’Hermite Solier first indicated that the king, while dauphin, had “une fille naturelle de la Dame de Beaumont”. Brizard reviews earlier primary sources which make no link between “la Dame de Beaumont” and Marguerite de Sassenage[1205]. Posing the question whether there could be any truth in the assertion of her relationship with the king, he concludes cautiously that “on l’ignore” but notes that if there were “quelques liaisons entre cette dame et le dauphin, elles n’ont jamais été publiques”, and that in any case no proof existed that she was the mother of any of his children. Pilot de Thorey, in the late 19th century, suggested how the misunderstanding arose. He noted Louis’s 1452 grant of “la châtellenie de Beaumont” (today Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont, département Isère, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Corps) to Félise Reynard (Mistress (1), see above) and suggests that “la qualité de dame de Beaumont, que prenait Félize Reynard” could have misled earlier authors into misinterpreting l’Hermite Solier’s original statement, which could have referred to the château de Beaumont located between Crolles and Le Touvet[1206] (département Isère, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Le Touvet) held by the Beaumont/Montfort family of Marguerite’s husband[1207].]

King Louis XI & his second wife had [eight] children:

1. [LOUIS de France (Château de Genappe 18 Oct 1458-1460). Kerrebrouck names Louis as oldest son of King Louis XI and records his date and place of birth and date of death as shown here. He notes that “Louis est ignoré du p. Anselme et par beaucoup d’auteurs” but cites no primary source which confirms his information[1208]. Père Anselme appears to go further when, while omitting Louis from his list of the king’s children, he notes that the king’s son Joachim was not born 18 Oct 1458 “le dauphin demeurant lors à Geneppe selon quelques extraits de la chambre des comptes de Dijon”[1209]. This statement suggests that Anselme had seen the documentation in question. If that is true, it must presumably not have indicated the birth of a son Louis on that date. The existence of Louis remains uncertain until further evidence comes to light.]

2. JOACHIM de France ([Château de Genappe/Namur] [26] Jul 1459-29 Nov 1459, bur Amboise, église des Cordeliers). A letter from Louis to his father dated 27 Jul [1459] records the birth of “un...fils”[1210]. Kerrebrouck records his name, his birth 15 Jul 1459 at Genappe, date of death and place of burial but cites no primary source on which the information is based[1211]. According to Père Anselme, Joachim was born at Namur 27 Jul 1459, died “en bas âge”, and was buried “dans l’église des Cordeliers d’Amboise”[1212]. The origin of his name is unknown, but his birth 26 Jul (the feast day of St. Joachim, after whom he would have been named) would be consistent with the letter dated 27 Jul quoted above.

3. LOUISE de France (Château de Genappe [May or Jul] 1460-young). Père Anselme records the birth of Louise “à Geneppe près Bruxelles au moi de mai 1460, mourut en bas âge”, without citing any primary source on which he bases this information[1213]. Kerrebrouck dates her birth to Jul 1460, and indicates that she died the same year, without citing any primary sources[1214].

4. ANNE de France (Château de Genappe Apr 1461-Château de Chantelle en Bourbonnais, Allier 14 Nov 1522, bur Priory of Souvigny). Created Vicomtesse de Thouars, Ctss de Gien at Amboise May 1470. Her first betrothal is confirmed by the Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI which records that in May 1472 “le Duc de Calabre nepueu du Roy de Cecille et de Ierusalem”, to whom “le Roy avoit...donner sa fille aisnee en femme et espouse”, left “sa duchié de Lorraine” to visit “[le] Duc de Bourgongne pour traicter d’avoir et espouser sa fille”, abandoning “ladicte fille du Roy sa femme”[1215]. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the marriage, dated to 1473 from the context, of “le Roy...son aisnee fille qui paravant il avoit promise au feu Duc de Calabre” and “monseigneur de Beaujeu, frere de monseigneur le Duc de Bourbon”[1216]. Anne governed France during the minority of her brother 1483-1488. She acquired the vicomté de Châtellerault and the seigneurie de Gironde 13 Mar 1505 from the Duc de Nemours. Betrothed (before May 1472, contract broken May 1472) to NICOLAS d'Anjou Duca di Calabria, son of JEAN d'Anjou Duca di Calabria & his wife Marie de Bourbon (Nancy [1/7] Jul 1448-Nancy 27 Jul 1473, bur Nancy Saint-Georges). m (contract Jargeau, near Orléans 3 Nov 1473, Tours 1474) PIERRE de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Agnès de Bourgogne [Valois] (1 Dec 1438-Château de Moulins 10 Oct 1503, bur Priory of Souvigny). Created Comte de Clermont 3 Apr 1476. He governed jointly with his wife, during the minority of his brother-in-law Charles VIII King of France. He succeeded his brother in 1488 as PIERRE II Duc de Bourbon.

5. JEANNE de France (Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 23 Apr 1464-Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Feb 1505, bur Bourges, Monastère de l'Annonciade). Created Dss de Berry 26 Dec 1498. In 1501 she founded the Monastère de l'Annonciade in Bourges, where she became a nun Pentecost 1504 as Sœur Jehanne-Marienne. Beatified 18 Jun 1742 by Pope Benedict XIV, canonised 28 May 1950 by Pope Pius XII as Sainte-Jeanne de France. m (contract Jargeau, Loiret 28 Oct 1473, and 28 Aug 1476, Château de Montrichard 8 Sep 1476, annulled Amboise 17 Dec 1498) as his first wife, LOUIS Duc d'Orléans, son of CHARLES Duc d'Orléans & his third wife Maria von Kleve (Château de Blois 27 Jun 1462-Hôtel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded in 1498 as LOUIS XII King of France.

6. FRANÇOIS de France (b and d 4 Dec 1466). Kerrebrouck records his birth 4 Dec 1466 and his death “quatre heures après”[1217]. Père Anselme omits François from his list of Louis XI’s children[1218].

7. CHARLES de France (Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 30 Jun 1470-Château d'Amboise 7 Apr 1498, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that the queen gave birth “le samedy dernier jour de juing...au Château d’Amboise” 1470 to “ung...fils...Charles”[1219]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth. He succeeded his father in 1483 as CHARLES VIII "l'Affable" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 30 May 1484. His sister Anne de Bourbon, and her husband Pierre de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, governed France until 1488. The incorporation of the counties of Provence and Forcalquier into the royal domains was pronounced at Compiègne 7 Oct 1486, following the bequest to his father by René Duc d'Anjou of all his lands. He incorporated Brittany into the royal domains, entering Nantes 4 Apr 1491. He transferred the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne to Fernando King of Aragon under the Treaty of Barcelona 19 Jan 1493. He took the titles King of Jerusalem and Sicily at Lyon 13 Mar 1494[1220], as a prelude to his conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily. He entered Naples 12 May 1495, but lost the kingdom Feb 1496. Betrothed (Amboise 22 Jun 1483) to MARGARETA von Habsburg, daughter of MAXIMILIAN von Habsburg [later MAXIMILIAN I King of the Romans, Archduke of Austria, Emperor] & his first wife Marie Dss of Burgundy [Valois] (Brussels 10 Jan 1480-Mechelen 1 Dec 1530, bur Brou near Bourg-en-Bresse). This betrothal was arranged as part of King Louis XI's plan for the dismemberment of the territories of the Dukes of Burgundy, agreed under the Treaty of Arras signed 23 Dec 1482 with the Flemish. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the negotiations started in Jan 1482 (O.S.) for the marriage of “monseigneur le Daulphin” and “Damoiselle Marguerite d’Auteriche Contesse de Flandres fille [du] Duc en Auteriche” and their betrothal in Jul 1483 at Amboise[1221]. m (Château de Langeais, Indre-et-Loire 6 Dec 1491, contract Langeais 13 Dec 1491) as her second husband, ANNE Dss of Brittany, formerly wife of MAXIMILIAN King of the Romans Archduke of Austria, daughter of FRANÇOIS II Duke of Brittany & his second wife Marguerite de Foix (Château de Nantes 25 Jan 1477-Château de Blois 9 Jan 1514, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Nantes 26 Jan 1476 (O.S.) of “Anne reine de France et duchesse de Bretagne”[1222]. She was consecrated Queen of France at Saint-Denis 8 Feb 1492. She married thirdly (contract Etampes 18 Aug 1498, Papal dispensation 13 Sep 1498, Château de Nantes 7 Jan 1499) as his second wife, Louis XII King of France. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death at Blois 9 Jan 1514 of “madame Claude reine de France et femme de mon fils”[1223]. King Charles VIII & his wife had six children:

a) CHARLES ORLAND de France (Château du Plessis-lès-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 10 Oct 1492-Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 16 Dec 1495, bur Tours, église cathédrale Saint-Martin). Père Anselme records the place and date of his birth, death (on 6 Dec 1495) and burial as shown here, citing no primary source except a reference to his tomb at Tours[1224]. Kerrebrouck cites a document and his monumental inscription which both confirm that he died 16 Dec 1495[1225]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth.

b) son (b and d Courcelles, Loiret [12/13] Aug 1493, bur Notre-Dame de Cléry). A letter dated at Orléans 14 Aug 1493 from Francesco della Casa to Pietro de’ Medici records that the queen “grossa di sette mesi” gave birth “in uno piccolo villaggio...Corsel” to “un figliuolo maschio”[1226]. Balby de Vernon suggests that the child “a sûrement été enterré à Cléry” where a small child’s coffin was found[1227].

c) daughter (b and d Mar 1495). Marino Sanudo records that the king received news in Naples in Mar 1495 that the queen had given birth to a daughter[1228].

d) CHARLES de France (Château du Plessis-lès-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 8 Sep 1496-Château du Plessis-lès-Tours 2 Oct 1496, bur Tours, église cathédrale Saint-Martin). Père Anselme records the place and date of his birth, death and burial as shown, citing no primary source except a reference to his tomb at Tours where he was buried next to his older brother Charles Orland[1229]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth.

e) FRANÇOIS de France ([1497]-Montils-lès-Tours 1498, bur Tours, église cathédrale Saint-Martin). Père Anselme records that François “vécut peu de jours” and died “à Montils-lez-Tours” but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1230]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth.

f) ANNE de France (b and d [20 Mar] 1498, bur Tours, bur Tours, église cathédrale Saint-Martin). Père Anselme notes “Anne de France morte en bas âge”, citing no primary source on which the information is based[1231]. Kerrebrouck notes her birth and death 20 Mar 1498 but cites no source on which this date is based[1232]. He notes that the diaries of Marino Sanudo record that the child was conceived in 1497 and born “avant terme” in 1498[1233].

8. FRANÇOIS de France (Amboise, Indre-et-Loire Sep 1472-Amboise Jul 1473, bur Amboise, église des Cordeliers). Père Anselme records the birth of François “à Amboise au mois de septembre 1472”, his death “au mois de juillet 1473”, and his burial “dans l’église des Cordeliers d’Amboise”, but does not cite any primary sources which confirm this information[1234]. Kerrebrouck repeats the same information, specifying 3 Sep 1472 for his date of birth, but cites no primary sources either[1235]. Duc de Berry.

As noted above, the mistresses of Louis XI King of France and his illegitimate children were studied again in June 2021 by Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, who has submitted the following results of his new research for inclusion in Medieval Lands[1236].

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

9. JEANNE de France ([1447/56]-Le Coudray 7 May 1515, bur Mirabeau, Vienne, église des Cordeliers). Père Anselme names “Jeanne bâtarde de France” as King Louis XI’s illegitimate daughter by Marguerite de Sassenage “comme le dit l’Hermite de Soliers”[1237]. The incorrect identification of her mother is explained above under Marguerite de Sassenage. Brizard in 1779 correctly identified her mother, who was named in Letters Patent dated 25 Feb 1465 (O.S.?) at Orléans which legitimated “Jeanne, fille naturelle du Roi et de Felice Regnard, son amie”, while a notice “conservée dans le Cabinet de l’Ordre du Saint-Esprit” (which Brizard could not locate and presumed destroyed in a 1737 fire) recording all letters of legitimation at the Chambre des Comptes de Paris listed “Johanna filia naturalis Domini Regis per eum et Phelisiam Regnard domicellam, nunc vidual, genita, uxor Ludovici de Borbonio, comitis Rossilionis” legitimated 25 Feb 1465 at Orléans[1238]. Her birth is dated to “1447/1456”, the likely period of her mother’s relationship with the dauphin. Père Anselme records that she was married “peu de jours après” her legitimation[1239]. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the betrothal of “la fille naturelle du Roy” and “monsieur le bastard de Bourbon”, dated to [late Oct/early Nov] 1465 from the context[1240]. The marriage contract between “Jeanne fille naturelle de Louis XI” and “Louis bâtard de Bourbon” is dated 7 Nov 1465, while the king agreed her dowry of 40,000 écus d’or and revenue from various seigneuries, Usson in Auvergne and, in Dauphiné, Crémieu, Moras, Beaurepaire, Vizille, Cornillon by charter dated 11 Nov 1465[1241]. Jeanne and her husband also received the vicomté de Valognes: a letter copied by Mangon du Houguet records that Louis notified his gift of “les vicomtés terres et seigneuries de Valoignes” under their marriage contract[1242]. King Charles VIII summoned Jeanne 24 Dec 1486 and 16 Nov 1496, at the request of the canons of the collégiale de Notre-Dame de Mirebeau, for her disturbance of their rights. Michelle de Chauvigny de Blot widow of Louis de Culant, “lassée des difficultés que lui suscitatir sans cesse Jeanne de France”, sold her minor children’s rights to Jeanne in 1488, which was later challenged successfully by one of the children Gabriel de Culant who sold his rights to François de Blanchefort[1243]. Dame de Mirebeau en Anjou: the duke and duchess of Bourbon granted “la terre de Mirebeau, sise en Anjou, avec clause de retour” to “Jeanne comtesse de Roussillon, dame de Valorgues, veuve de Louis de Bourbon, frère naturel du duc” (and to her son Charles de Bourbon) by charter dated 16 Dec 1489[1244]. After her husband died, Charles VIII reunited the lands of Beaurepaire, Vizille, Crémieu, Moras et Cornillon (in Dauphiné) with the domaine de Mirebeau and required the representatives of the Parlement et des Comptes du Dauphiné to grant rights over them to Jeanne by letters issued at Lyon 13 Dec 1490[1245]. “Jehanne de France, contesse de Roussillon, baronnesse de Mirebeau, Belcaire et Esperac, dame de Valoignes et d’Usson” granted proxy relating to her lands by charter dated 15 Dec 1491 at Plessis-lez-Tours[1246]. “Madame l’Admirale, veufue de feu Messire Louys bastard de Bourbon, portoit le cremeau” at the baptism of Charles Orland, dauphin, 13 Oct 1492[1247]. “Jehanne de France comtesse de Roussillon, Dame de Valoignes, de Mirebeau et d’Usson” was named in a charter dated 30 May 1493[1248]. King Charles VIII, by letters at Amboise 27 Oct 1497, granted enjoyment “du comté de Valognes, en Normandie, et de la terre d’Usson en Auvergne” to Jeanne for 30 years but confirmed the crown’s acquisition of her lands in Dauphiné, although soon afterwards King Louis XII granted “les terres de Vizille, Beaurepaire et Crémieu”, and revenue from “des terres de Moras et de Cornillon” for 12 years, to Jeanne by way of compensation for losing Langes and Loudun respectively, all these agreements being ratified later by King François I by letters dated at Compiègne 6 Feb 1515 and registered the following 19 May[1249]. Jeanne sold the baronnie de La Hougue-Saint-Vaast and the seigneurie d’Anneville to the bishop of Coutances in 1498[1250]. Jeanne donated property to the convent des Cordeliers de Valogne and participated in the foundation of l’Hôtel-Dieu by charter dated 28 Jan 1499[1251]. Dame de Montpensier et de Puyrenon en Mirebalais, bought from the Bueil family and annexed to the domaine de Mirebeau (recorded in her document addressed to the king dated 28 Jul 1508). The marriage contract between “Jacques de La Trimoille, seigneur de Bosmyers, Conflans, Jançay, Verax et Chasteauregnart, conseiller et chambellan du roy” and “damoiselle Avoye de Chabannes, contesse de Dampmartin, baronnesse de Champignelles, dame de Courtenay et Sainct-Morize” is dated 3 Sep 1511, with the consent of “madame Jehanne de France, contesse de Roussillon, dame de Valongnes, d’Usson, baronnesse de Mirebeau” sa grand-mère[1252]. Accounts from Dauphiné record Jeanne’s death in her château du Coudray 7 May 1515[1253]. Père Anselme records that her testament was dated at Chinon 7 May 1515 and that she died in 1519 [incorrect year] “fort âgée” having chosen to be buried “en la chapelle qu’elle avoit fondee aux Cordeliers de Mirabeau”[1254]. m (Contract 7 Nov 1465, Paris end Feb 1466) LOUIS bâtard de Bourbon Comte de Roussillon et de Ligny, illegitimate son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his mistress Jeanne de Bournan (-Valognes, Manche Jan 1487, bur église Saint-François).

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1) or (2):

10. MARIE de France ([1449/51]-1469, before 5 Jul). Père Anselme names “Marie bâtarde de France” as the second of King Louis’s illegitimate daughters by Marguerite de Sassenage[1255]. Chorier, in 1672, also said that Marguerite de Sassenage was “mère de deux filles ; l’une Jeanne...l’autre Marie...”[1256]. The doubts regarding the king’s relationship with Marguerite de Sassenage are discussed above, suggesting that she was not Marie’s mother. Brizard in 1779, noting l’Hermite Solier (who recorded that the king had “une fille naturelle de la Dame de Beaumont”, identified as Jeanne as discussed above under Marguerite de Sassenage) said that “de son aveu même la mère de Marie, épouse du seigneur de Saint-Vallier, est inconnue”, adds that “sa naissance étoit une espèce de mystère. Où Chorier et ceux qui l’on suivi en ont-ils pris davantage? Quelle source a-t-on cité? Aucune”[1257]. Pilot de Thorey, on the other hand, names Marie as King Louis XI’s daughter by Félise Reynard[1258]. He cites no primary source to support his statement, although Patrick Van Kerrebrouck suggests that “on peut faire confiance à l’archiviste Pilot de Thorey qui, après son père, a consacré sa vie à l’histoire du Dauphiné”[1259]. Marie’s high profile marriage does suggest that her mother may have been of noble origin (as appears to have been the case with Félise Reynard, as noted above). However, consistent with the insistence in Medieval Lands on primary source evidence, the possibility cannot be excluded that her mother was another unknown mistress of Dauphin Louis. King Louis XI, on the occasion of the proposed marriage between “Aimar de Poitiers, seigneur de Saint-Vallier, son chambellan” and “Marie de France, sa fille naturelle”, granted to him revenue from “Pisançon, ainsi que les châteaux, villes et châtellenies de La Roche-de-Glun, La Beaume, Rochefort et Châteaudouble, avec la gabelle à sel de Romans et le péage de La Sauvetat en Auvergne...”, while Aymar de Poitiers donated “des baronnies, terres et seigneuries de Privas, Tournon et Saint-Vincent” and annual payments to Marie, by charter dated Jun 1467[1260]. The king ordered that “sa fille naturelle Marie, dont il venait d’arreter le mariage avec Aimar de Poitiers, seigneur de Saint-Vallier” should bear “les armes de France, avec une bande dor allant de gauche à droite, ainsi que les enfants naturels ont coutume de la faire”, by letters dated 11 Jul 1467, registered 11 Nov 1467[1261]. The king ordered payments to “Marie de France, sa fille naturelle, épouse du seigneur de Saint-Vallier”, dated 20 Oct 1467, while she acknowledged receipt of certain household linen and clothing 28 Aug 1468[1262]. In a letter dated 5 Jul 1469, the king recorded the death of “ma fille de Saint-Valler” and ordered the recovery of the lands granted to her husband[1263]. m (contract Chartres Jun 1467, [11 Jul] 1467) as his first wife, AYMAR de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier, son of CHARLES [II] de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier & his wife Anne de Montlaur (-after 9 Sep 1510).

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

11. --- [de France] . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the following document. King Louis XI, in consideration of his marriage “avec une de ses filles naturelles”, granted “l’office de greffier de la Cour commune de Vienne” to “François Ailloud”, undated, cited in a charter of King Charles VIII dated 3 Apr 1484[1264]. Pilot de Thory records that the original grant was withdrawn, that after the death of Louis XI it was renewed by King Charles VIII by letters dated 4 Nov 1483 but that “les gens du Parlement et des Comptes du Dauphiné” refused to maintain him in the position, and that the king confirmed the appointment by letters patent dated 3 Apr 1483 (O.S.), registered 12 May 1484[1265]. Pilot de Thory records that François Ailloud was appointed “procureur fiscal de la Cour mage de Graisivaudan” in 1479 and “maître auditeur en la Chambre des comptes du Dauphiné” in 1489, and was named as auditor in a document dated 1493[1266]. m FRANÇOIS Ailloud, son of --- (-after 1493).

Père Anselme also names “Isabeau bâtarde de France” as another alleged illegitimate daughter of Louis XI (without naming her mother), noting that she married “Louis de S. Priest”, by whom she had “Jeanne de S. Priest” who married 18 Jan 1488 “Soffrey Alaman”, who was “Lieutenant general au gouvernement de Dauphiné” in 1502[1267]. Anselme cites no primary sources but refers to “la genealogie d’Alleman par Allard” (no citation reference). Following his latest research, Patrick Van Kerrebrouck concludes that “aucun document ne rattache ce personage au Dauphin, futur Louis XI”. Moreover he notes that the dauphin appointed “Louis Richard, seigneur de Saint-Priest, gentilhomme dauphinois fils de Gilles Richard et filleul de Louis XI” as châtelain de Bardonèche by letters dated at Albi 6 Jan 1444, granted him payments “garanties par les seigneuries de Vaux et de Saint-Symphorien d’Ozon” on his marriage with “Jeanne de Bigny” 8 Dec 1461, and ordered other payments in his favour 15 Dec 1470[1268].

B. DUCS d'ORLEANS, KINGS of FRANCE 1515-1589

LOUIS de France, son of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 13 Mar 1372-murdered Paris 23 Nov 1407, bur Paris, église des Célestins). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 13 Mar 1372 of “messire Loys secont filz du roy Charles”[1269]. Comte de Valois after the death of Philippe Duc d'Orléans 1 Sep 1375, first named as such 4 Jan 1376. Duc de Touraine Nov 1386 at Lille. He joined the Royal Council 16 Feb 1389. He entered Lombardy in Feb 1391, taking Pavia in Mar 1391. Duc d'Orléans at Paris 4 Jun 1392, in exchange for the duchy of Touraine. His brother named him regent in Jan 1393 to act during the former's periods of insanity. He acquired the duchy of Luxembourg and county of Chiny 18 Aug 1402. The testment of “Louys fils de Roy de France...Duc d’Orleans, Comte de Valois, de Blois et de Beaumont”, dated 19 Oct 1403, requests burial “au milieu du Chœur de l’Eglise [des] Religieux Celestins”, ordered dower for “Valentine ma femme...fille de Jean Galeas Duc de Milan, Comte de Pavie et de Vertus”, bequeathes property to “mes trois enfans Charles, Philippes et Jean”[1270]. He was murdered near la Porte Barbette on the orders of Jean "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records details concerning the background and assassination of the duke of Orléans, and his burial “en Celestinz à Paris”[1271].

Betrothed ([1374]) to KATALIN of Hungary, daughter of LAJOS I King of Hungary & his second wife Jelisaveta Kotromanić of Bosnia (1370-1377).

m firstly (by proxy Apr 1385, contract abandoned) as her first husband, MÁRIA King of Hungary, daughter of LAJOS I King of Hungary & his second wife Jelisaveta Kotromanić of Bosnia (1371-Buda 1395, bur Warasdin). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the betrothal of “Loys second filz du roy premier Charles de Vallois” and “la fille o roy de Hongrye, lequel n’avoit d’enfanz que elle” and the news which arrived in France in Sep 1385 that she had married “au frere de l’empereur d’Allemaigne”[1272].

m secondly (contract Paris 27 Jan 1387, by proxy Pavia 8 Apr 1387, in person Paris or Melun 17 Aug 1389) VALENTINA Visconti, daughter of GIAN GALEAZZO Visconti Lord of Milan & his first wife Isabelle de France (1366-Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 14 Dec 1408, bur Paris, église des Célestins). Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the betrothal in 1387 of "Dominus comes Virtutum…unicam filiam suam Dominam Valentinam" and "Duci Turoniæ comiti Valexii, fratris…Regis Francorum"[1273]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage “mardi X jour d’aost” 1389 in Paris of “Loys de Vallois frere du roy, adonc duc de Tourayne (et puis après fu duc d’Orlyens)” and “la fille Bernabosc sire de Millen en Lambardie”[1274]. She was given the counties of Vertus and Asti as her dowry. She left the French court Apr 1396, living thereafter at Asnières, Château-Thierry, Villers-Cotterêts and Blois. "Princeps…et…dominus Johannes Galeaz Dux Mediolani…Papie, Anglerieque ac Virtutum comes", in his testament dated 1397, provided for "…Valentinam filiam suam et consortem…d. Ludovici ducis Aurelianensis et filii quondam Francorum regis"[1275]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the death 3 Dec 1408 of “la ducesse d’Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d’Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii” who “quidoit en son temps estre royne de France, mais...failly à son entente”[1276].

Mistress (1): MARIE d'Enghien, wife of AUBERT le Flamenc Seigneur de Canny, daughter of JACQUES d’Enghien Seigneur d’Havré et de Fagnolle & his wife Marie de Roucy. Père Anselme names “Yoland ou Mariette d’Enghien” (“Marie d’Enghien fille de Jacques d’Enghien” in another section) as mother of Jean bâtard d’Orléans comte de Dunois, adding that she was “femme d’Aubert le Flamenc seigneur de Cany, chevalier de Picardie, petit-fils de Raoul le Flamenc maréchal de France”, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1277]. Barante’s Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne records that Louis Duc d’Orléans had seduced the wife of “Aubert le Flamenc seigneur de Canny, ancien chambellan du duc” and had a son by her[1278].

Duke Louis & his second wife had eight children:

1. daughter d’Orléans (Paris May [1390]-May [1390], bur Paris église Saint-Paul). Père Anselme mentions the birth and death of an unnamed daughter “au mois may, non pas en 1389 puisque sa mere ne fut mariée qu’en septembre de cette année, mais au plutôt en may 1390”, adding that “9. compte de Jean Perdrier, maître de la chambre aux deniers de la reine Isabel” records her burial “à S. Paul”[1279].

2. [LOUIS] [Charles] d'Orléans (Paris Hôtel de Saint-Pol 26 May 1391-before 27 Sep [1395], bur Paris église des Célestins). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orléans gave birth 26 May 1391 “dans l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul de Paris” to “un fils...Charles”, whose godfather was “monseigneur le duc de Bourbon”[1280]. Père Anselme states that “[le] 20. compte de Jean Perdrier” records that “Charles” died “l’année suivante en l’hôtel de S. Paul” and was buried “en l’église des Celestins de Paris le lundi 27 septembre”[1281]. Anselme links this latter entry to Charles who was born 24 Nov 1394 (see below), meaning that “l’année suivante” would be 1395. He assumes that Charles born 26 May 1391 was the duke’s son who succeeded his father in 1407. Without seeing the original entry in the “Perdrier” account, it is impossible to assess the true position, although it seems unlikely that two sons of Louis Duke of Orléans would have been given the same name as only exceptional cases of duplicate names can be observed in the Valois/Capet family. His godfather being Louis II Duc de Bourbon, as recorded in the Chronique de Saint-Denis as noted above, suggests that his name “Charles” in the same source was an error and that his actual name was Louis.

3. PHILIPPE [Jean] d'Orléans ([Sep] 1393-Château de Vincennes before 31 Oct 1393, bur Paris église des Célestins). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 24 Aug, 1392 from the context (which must be incorrect given the births of her other children), “dans l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul” to “une fille...Marie”, and that “peu après” the duchess of Orléans gave birth to “un fils...Philippe”[1282]. It is assumed that the entry was intended to refer to 1393. Père Anselme states that “[le] 16. compte de Jean Perdrier” records that “Jean” died “vers le mois de septembre 1393...au château de Vincennes” and was buried “aux Celestins de Paris le vendredi 31 octobre suivant”[1283]. No primary source has been identified which helps resolve the contradiction regarding his name.

4. CHARLES d'Orléans (Hôtel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 4 Jan 1465, bur Paris église des Célestins). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orléans gave birth, 1394 from the context, “vers le milieu de novembre...en l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul” to “un fils...Charles”[1284]. Comte d'Angoulême. Duc de Valois. He succeeded his father in 1407 as Duc d'Orléans.

- see below.

5. PHILIPPE d'Orléans (Asnières-sur-Oise, Val d'Oise [21/24] Jul 1396-Beaugency, Loiret 1 Sep 1420, bur Paris église des Célestins). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orléans gave birth “au mois de juillet”, 1395 from the context which appears impossible given the birth of the duchess’s other children, of “un fils...Philippe”[1285]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande names “Philippe...compte de Vertus” as the second son of “la ducesse d’Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d’Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii”[1286]. Comte de Vertus et de Porcien, after his father's death under the latter's will. Vertus was withdrawn, but restored to him 27 Aug 1412, registered 29 Aug 1412. He was a faithful supporter of the Dauphin, later King Charles VII. Betrothed (1408, contract repudiated [1410]) to CATHERINE de Bourgogne, demoiselle de Guise, daughter of JEAN "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite de Hainaut (1391-Ghent 1414). Père Anselme records the betrothal in 1408 of Philippe d’Olréans Comte de Vertus and “Catherine de Bourgogne, fille de Jean duc de Bourgogne et de Marhuerite de Baviere”, adding that “environ deux ans après elle fut renvoyée à son père” without explaining the reasons or citing any primary source on which this information is based[1287]. Philippe had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) PHILIPPE bâtard de Vertus (-executed before 18 Aug 1445). Père Anselme states that “Philippe de Valois bâtard de Vertus”, illegitimate son of Philippe d’Orléans Comte de Vertus, was present at the siege of “Montereau-faut-Yonne” in 1427 and that “un compte du domaine de Paris 1446” records the sale 18 Aug 1445 of property confiscated from “feu noble homme M. Philippe de Valois bâtard de Vertus, n’agueres executé à mort pour ses demerites en la comté de Valois”[1288].

6. MARIE d'Orléans (Château de Coucy, Aisne 1401, before 11 Apr-after 8 Aug 1401). Père Anselme mentions the birth of an unnamed daughter “au château de Coucy en 1401”, whose godfather was “le duc de Gueldres”, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1289]. A receipt dated 8 Aug 1401 records the delivery of cloth bought 11 Apr 1401 and taken to Coucy “pour envelopper Mademoiselle Marie d’Orléans”[1290]. It is assumed that she died soon after her birth as no other record of her has been identified.

7. JEAN d'Orléans ([May] 1400-Château de Cognac, Charente 30 Apr 1467, bur Angoulême Cathédrale Saint-Pierre). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande names “Jehan...compte d’Angoulesme” as the third son of “la ducesse d’Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d’Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii”[1291]. Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord, after his father's death under the latter's will.

- see below.

8. MARGUERITE d'Orléans ([1406]-Abbaye de Laguiche, near Blois 24 Apr 1466, bur Abbaye de Laguiche). Père Anselme states that Marguerite was born “en 1406”, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1292]. She is not named in her father’s will dated 19 Oct 1403 (see above). The Geste des Nobles records that “le régent” gave “mademoiselle Marguerite seule sœur le duc d’Orléans” in marriage to “Richart de Bretaigne” with “le conté d’Estampes”, against the wishes of her brother, dated to 1420 from the context[1293]. She was given the county of Vertus as her dowry. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by letters dated 14 Aug 1461 which record a claim by “Mariam de Sillé defuncti Iacobi de Surgeriis...militis domini de Floceleria relicta” which names “...Margaretam de Aurelianis defuncti...Richardi de Britannia...comitis Stamparum relictam”[1294]. After her husband died, she retired to the Abbaye de Laguiche. m (Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 29 Aug 1423) RICHARD de Bretagne Comte d'Etampes, son of JEAN V Duke of Brittany & Infanta doña Juana de Navarra (end 1395-Château de Clisson, Loire-Atlantique 2 Jun 1438, bur Nantes Cathedral Saint-Pierre).

Duke Louis had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

9. JEAN bâtard d'Orléans (Paris 23 Nov 1402-L'Haye 24 Nov 1468, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Seigneur de Valbonais 1421. Comte de Vertus. “Charles duc d’Orléans et de Valois, conte de Blois et de Beaumont et seigneur de Coucy” authorised “nostre...frère Jehan Bastard d’Orléans conte de Vertus et grant chambellan de France” to sell property to pay ransom for his release from imprisonment in England by charter dated 2 Apr 1437[1295]. Comte de Dunois 1439. Comte de Longueville 1443.

- COMTES et DUCS de LONGUEVILLE.

CHARLES d'Orléans, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orléans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan (Hôtel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 4 Jan 1465, bur Paris église des Célestins). The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orléans gave birth, 1394 from the context, “vers le milieu de novembre...en l’hôtel royal de Saint-Paul” to “un fils...Charles”[1296]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande names “l’aisné...Charles...après la mort de son pere...duc d’Orleenz et de Valloys, comte de Blays et de Beaumont et seigneur de Coucy” as one of the three sons of “la ducesse d’Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d’Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii”[1297]. Comte d'Angoulême. Duc de Valois. He succeeded his father 1407 as Duc d'Orléans. He was invested as Conte di Asti by Emperor Sigismund 12 Sep 1413. Captured at the battle of Agincourt 25 Oct 1415, he was taken to England where he remained a prisoner until 1440. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records that in Jun 1440 King Henry VI released “Charles duc d’Orléans” whom he had held in prison since the battle of Agincourt, adding that the ransom was rumoured to be “plus de quatre cens mille escuz”[1298]. He claimed the duchy of Milan in 1447 on the death of Filippo Maria Visconti, and entered the city 22 Oct 1447.

m firstly (contract 5 Jun 1406, Compiègne, Oise 6 Jun 1407) as her second husband, ISABELLE de France, widow of RICHARD II King of England, daughter of CHARLES VI King of France & his wife Elisabeth [Isabelle] von Bayern-Ingolstadt (Palais du Louvre 9 Nov 1389-Blois before 9 Sep 1409, bur Chapelle de Notre-Dame des Bonnes-Nouvelles, Abbaye de Saint-Laumer, Blois, transferred 1624 to l'église des Célestins, Paris). The marriage contract between “nostre...fille Isabelle de France Reyne d’Angleterre” and “nostre...neveu Charles d’Angoulesme aisné fils de nostre frere [le Duc d’Orleans]” is dated 1404[1299]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage “au Chastel-Tyerry”, in May 1405 from the context, of “l’ainsné filz au duc d’Orlienz, frere du roy” and “la fille dudit roy, celle qui se disoit royne d’Engleterre et fame de Ricart roy d‘Engleterre”[1300]. She died from the after-effects of childbirth. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records her death 13 Sep 1409, adding that she “n’ut omcques nul enfant” and that “le pleupe, clers et lays” were “mal contens pour ce qu’ilz estoient cousinz frareux”[1301].

m secondly (contract Gien, Loiret 18 Apr 1410, Riom, Puy-de-Dôme 15 Aug 1410) BONNE d'Armagnac, daughter of BERNARD [VII] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Bonne de Berry (Lavardens, Gers 19 Feb [1395]-Castelnau-de-Montmiral, Tarn [1430[1302]/16 Nov 1435]). The testament of "Bonne de Berry comtesse d’Armaganc et de Rhodes vicomtesse de Carlades, veuve de Bernard comte d’Armagnac et Rhodes", dated 18 Sep 1430, bequeathed property to “...Bonne d’Armagnac sa fille duchesse d’Orléans...”[1303].

m thirdly (contract Montreuil 16 Nov 1440, Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, Abbaye de Saint-Bertin 26 Nov 1440) as her first husband, MARIA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF II Duke of Kleve & his second wife Marie de Bourgogne [Valois-Capet] ([19 Sep 1426]-Chauny-en-Picardie, Aisne Jul 1486, bur Paris église des Célestins). Wernher Teschenmacher’s Annales Cliviæ (1630s) records the birth “pridie Matthæi Apostoli” 1426 of “Maria” who married “Carolo Valesio duci Aurelianensi”, but the editor of the edition consulted quotes no earlier primary source which confirms this information[1304]. She was brought up at the court of her uncle the duke of Burgundy. The long delay between her marriage and the birth of her children suggests that this reported year of her birth may not be correct. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the marriage “à Saint-Omer” of “Charles duc d’Orléans” and “la niepce au duc de Bourguongne”, after his release from prison in England[1305]. Dame de Chaumont-sur-Loire, de La Borde et des Rochettes May 1466. She married secondly (secretly [1473/75]) Claude de Rabodanges Seigneur de Thun ([1441/42]-), who had arrived in Blois [1468] and became her maître d'hôtel[1306].

Duke Charles & his first wife had one child:

1. JEANNE d'Orléans (Blois Aug 1409-Angers, Abbaye de Saint-Aubin, Maine-et-Loire 19 May 1432, bur Abbaye de Saint-Aubin). The Geste des Nobles records the marriage of “le duc d’Alençon” and “Madamoiselle Jehanne seulle fille le duc d’Orléans”, dated to 1423 from the context[1307]. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Jean married “Jehenne fille du duc d’Orleens et de madame Ysabel de France, ainsnée fille du roy” in 1423[1308]. m (contract Blois 14 May 1410, Blois 1423) as his first wife, JEAN II "le Bon" Duc d'Alençon, son of JEAN I "le Sage" Duc d'Alençon & his wife Marie de Bretagne dame de La Guerche (Château d’Argentan 2 Mar [1409]- Paris 1476, bur Paris, église des Jacobins).

Duke Charles & his third wife had three children:

2. MARIE d'Orléans (Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 19 Dec 1457-Mazères, Ariège 1493, bur Mazères). The contract for her proposed marriage to Pierre de Bourbon is dated 30 Sep 1461[1309]. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI names “madame de Nerbonne fille du feu Duc d’Orleans” as wife of “monseigneur le Viconte de Nerbonne fils du Comte de Fouez”[1310]. Betrothed (contract 30 Sep 1461, 22 Mar 1463, confirmed 8 Nov 1465, contract terminated before 1473) to PIERRE de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Agnès de Bourgogne [Valois] (1 Dec 1438-Château de Moulins 10 Oct 1503, bur Priory of Souvigny). m (1476) JEAN de Foix Infante de Navarra Vicomte de Narbonne Comte d'Etampes, son of GASTON IV Comte de Foix et de Bigorre & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Navarra (after 1450-5 Nov 1500, bur Etampes, Notre-Dame, Essonne). He claimed the throne of Navarre 1483-1497.

3. LOUIS d'Orléans (Château de Blois 27 Jun 1462-Hôtel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 27 Jun 1462 of “Louis XII roi de France”[1311]. He succeeded his father in 1465 as Duc d'Orléans. He succeeded in 1498 as LOUIS XII King of France.

- see below.

4. ANNE d'Orléans (1464-Poitiers, Abbaye de Sainte-Croix 9 Sep 1491, bur Poitiers, Abbaye de Sainte-Croix). Abbess of Fontevrault 1478. Abbess of Sainte-Croix, Poitiers. Père Anselme records that her monumental inscription at Poitiers Sainte-Croix records her death 9 Sep 1491[1312].

LOUIS d'Orléans, son of CHARLES Duc d'Orléans & his third wife Maria von Kleve (Château de Blois 27 Jun 1462-Hôtel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 27 Jun 1462 of “Louis XII roi de France”[1313]. He succeeded his father in 1465 as Duc d'Orléans. President of the Royal Council 4 Nov 1483. He rebelled against the government of Pierre de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, defeated at Saint-Aubin du Cormier 1488, his assets were confiscated 24 Apr 1488. He was imprisoned, first in the Château de Lusignan, later in the Tour de Bourges. Pardoned by King Charles VIII at Montils-lès-Tours 28 Jun 1491, his assets were restored to him. On the death of King Charles VIII, he was proclaimed LOUIS XII King of France 9 Apr 1498, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 27 May 1498. He conquered Milan 6 Oct 1499, losing it shortly after, but reconquering it in Spring 1501. He was invested as duke of Milan by the emperor 7 Apr 1505, confirmed at Trento 14 Jun 1509. Allying himself with Fernando King of Aragon in 1501, they expelled Federigo King of Sicily and divided his territories between them. He entered Naples in Aug 1501, but he was defeated by the Spanish and lost the kingdom under the Peace of Lyon 31 Mar 1504. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death 1 Jan 1515 “à Paris, aux Tournelles” of “le roi Louis XII” and his burial 12 Jan 1515 at Saint-Denis[1314].

m firstly (contract Jargeau, Loiret 28 Oct 1473, and 28 Aug 1476, Château de Montrichard 8 Sep 1476, annulled Amboise 17 Dec 1498) JEANNE de France, daughter of LOUIS XI King of France & his second wife Charlotte de Savoie (Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 23 Apr 1464-Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Feb 1505, bur Bourges, Monastère de l'Annonciade). Created Dss de Berry 26 Dec 1498. In 1501, she founded the Monastère de l'Annonciade in Bourges, where she became a nun Pentecost in 1504 as Sœur Jehanne-Marienne. Beatified 18 Jun 1742 by Pope Benedict XIV, canonised 28 May 1950 by Pope Pius XII as Sainte-Jeanne de France.

m secondly (contract Etampes 18 Aug 1498[1315], Papal dispensation 13 Sep 1498, Château de Nantes 7 Jan 1499) as her third husband, ANNE Dss of Brittany, former wife firstly of MAXIMILIAN King of the Romans Archduke of Austria and widow secondly of CHARLES VIII King of France, daughter of FRANÇOIS II Duke of Brittany & his second wife Marguerite de Foix (Château de Nantes 25 Jan 1477-Château de Blois 9 Jan 1514, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Nantes 26 Jan 1476 of “Anne reine de France et duchesse de Bretagne”[1316]. She was consecrated Queen of France, for the second time, 18 Nov 1504 at l'Abbaye de Saint-Denis. It was a condition of the contract for her second marriage that, should her husband die without heirs, she could only marry the heir to the French throne. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death at Blois 9 Jan 1514 of “madame Claude reine de France et femme de mon fils”[1317].

m thirdly (contract London 7 Aug 1514, by proxy Greyfriars Church, Greenwich Palace 13 Aug 1514, by proxy église des Célestins Paris 2 Sep 1514, contract 14 Sep 1514, in person Abbeville Cathedral, Somme 9 Oct 1514) as her first husband, MARY Pss of England, daughter of HENRY VII King of England & his wife Elizabeth of York (Richmond Palace, Surrey or Palace of Westminster 18 Mar 1496-Westhorpe Hall, Suffolk [24/26] Jun 1533, bur 22 Jul Abbey Church, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, transferred to St Mary’s Church, Bury St Edmunds). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the betrothal by proxy 10 Aug 1514 of “[le] roy Louis XII...fort antique et débile” and “la sœur du roy d’Angleterre...Marie” and their marriage 9 Oct 1514[1318]. Consecrated Queen of France 5 Nov 1514 at l'Abbaye de Saint-Denis. She married secondly (secretly Chapel in the Palais de Cluny, Paris [4/20] Feb 1515 and 31 Mar 1515, publicly Greyfriars Church, Greenwich Palace 13 May 1515) as his third wife, Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, son of Sir William Brandon & his wife Elizabeth Bruyn ([1484]-The Palace, Guildford, Surrey 22 Aug 1545, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor), who was English ambassador to the King of France Oct 1514-May 1515. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 31 Mar 1515 of “le duc de Suffolk, homme de basse condition, lequel Henri VIII...avoit ambassadeur devers le Roi” and “Marie d’Angleterre veufve de Louis XII” and their departure for England 16 Apr 1515[1319].

[Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Louis's possible mistress is not known.]

King Louis XII & his second wife had [five] children:

1. CLAUDE de France (Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher or Romorantin 13 Oct 1499-Château de Blois 20 Jul 1524, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Romorantin 13 Oct 1499 of “ma fille Claude conjoincte à mon fils par mariage”[1320]. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the marriage of “mon fils et madame Claude, à présent reine de France” was confirmed 22 May 1507 “au Plessis, à Tours”[1321]. Ctss de Blois. Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 18 May 1514 at Saint Germain-en-Laye of “mon fils”[1322]. Her father installed her as Dss de Bretagne at Beauvais 27 Oct 1514, in succession to her mother. Consecrated Queen of France 10 May 1517 at Saint-Denis. Betrothed (Lyon 12 Aug 1501, contract terminated at Tours 1506) to KARL Archduke of Austria, son of PHILIPP Archduke of Austria [FELIPE I King of Castile] & his wife Juana Queen of Castile (Gent 24 Feb 1500-San Jeronimo de Yuste near Toledo 21 Sep 1558, bur San Jeronimo de Yuste, transferred 1574 to Escorial). He succeeded his maternal grandfather in 1516 as CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile. He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1519 as Archduke of Austria, abdicated 1521. Elected Emperor KARL V and King of the Romans in 1519. m (contract Château de Montils-lès-Tours 22 May 1507, Château de Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 May 1514) FRANÇOIS d'Orléans Duc de Valois "Monseigneur", Comte d'Angoulême, son of CHARLES d'Orléans Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord & his wife Louise de Savoie (Château de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Château de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). He succeeded in 1515 as FRANÇOIS I King of France.

2. [son ([late 1500/early 1501]-young). Père Anselme records that in 1501 King Louis XII sent “le cardinal d’Amboise” to Trentino to negotiate a marriage between his son and one of the daughters of Philipp Archduke of Austria (son of Maximilian I King of the Romans)[1323]. He cites no primary source on which he bases this statement. If it is correct, the son in question must have been different from the one who was born 21 Jan [1503/07] who is shown below.]

3. son (stillborn Château de Blois 21 Jan [1503/07]). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that “Anne reine de France” gave birth at Blois 21 Jan to “un fils...il avoit faute de vie”[1324]. The entry does not specify the year but follows an entry for 1502 and precedes one for 1507. Kerrebrouck dates the event to 1503 “à l’issue d’un voyage à Lyon” but does not specify the primary source on which he bases this information[1325].

4. RENEE de France (Château de Blois 29 Oct 1510-Château de Montargis, Loiret 12 Jun 1575, bur Château de Montargis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 29 Oct 1510 of “Madame Renée sœur de madame Claude”[1326]. Invested as Dss de Chartres, Ctss de Gisors, Dame de Montargis in Jul 1528 as part of her dowry. She returned to France after her husband died, to live at Montargis. She converted to Calvinism. m (contract 30 Jul 1527, contract 10 Feb 1528, Paris, Chapelle Saint-Louis du Palais de la Cité 28 Jun 1528) ERCOLE d'Este, son of ALFONSO I d'Este Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio & his second wife Lucrezia Borgia (4 May 1508-Ferrara 3 Oct 1559, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). He succeeded his father in 1534 as ERCOLE II Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio.

5. son (stillborn Château de Blois Jan [1513]). Père Anselme records a second son “mort en bas âge”, without dates or primary source citations[1327]. Kerrebrouck records a son “mort-né au château de Blois janvier 1512”, commenting that “[la] grossesse [de la reine] tourne mal” after Pope Julius II excommunicated King Louis XII for refusing to negotiate the liberation of the papal legate whom the French had captured after the battle of Ravenna[1328]. He cites no source on which he bases this information. The source has not been identified. As the battle happened 11 Apr 1512, Kerrebrouck’s date is presumably O.S. This birth is not mentioned in the Journal de Louise de Savoie[1329].

King Louis XII had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

6. [MICHEL de Bucy ([1484/85]-8 Feb 1511, bur Bourges Cathedral). Père Anselme says that “Dom Christophe Vlierden benedictin de l’abbaye de S. Sulpice” said in his “Patriarchat de Bourges” that it was “l’opinion commune” that Michel de Bucy was the illegitimate son of King Louis XII[1330]. Protonotary apostolic and doyen of Saint-Aignan at Orléans. Proposed as Archbishop of Bourges 25 Sep 1505, his appointment was confirmed by Pope Julius II 21 Nov 1505 as far as the temporal administration was concerned, with a deputy for the spiritual until he attained the age of 27.]

JEAN d'Orléans, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orléans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan ([May] 1400-Château de Cognac, Charente 30 Apr 1467, bur Angoulême Cathédrale Saint-Pierre). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande names “Jehan...compte d’Angoulesme” as the third son of “la ducesse d’Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d’Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii”[1331]. Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord, after his father's death under the latter's will. Sent to England as a hostage by his brother Charles Duc d'Orléans under the Treaty of Buzançais 14 Nov 1412, he remained a prisoner in England until Apr 1445. Known as "le Bon", in 1515 Rome started the necessary enquiries preliminary to canonisation, which did not proceed.

m (contracts 30 Jul 1446, 31 Aug 1449) MARGUERITE de Rohan, daughter of ALAIN [IX] Vicomte de Rohan, Comte de Porhoët & his first wife Marguerite de Bretagne (-Château de Cognac 1496, bur Angoulême). “Jehan Comte d’Angolesme” (while still in England) appointed proxies to negotiate his marriage with “le Viconte de Rohan Conte de Porhoet...[une de ses] trois damoiselles...filles de lui et de feu...Dame Marguerite de Bretaigne sa femme...demoiselle Jehanne aisnée fille” by charter dated 22 Oct 1432[1332]. The delay in completing negotiations was presumably due to his continued detention in England, and ended with his marriage to another of the vicomte’s daughters. “Jehan conte d’Angoulesme seigneur Despinay et Romorantin” promised marriage to “nostre...cousin Alain vicomte de Rohan...Marguerit sa fille”, dated 30 Jul 1446, and acknowledged receipt of the first payment of the dowry dated 10 Aug 1446 [to pay his ransom][1333]. Another marriage contract between “Alain Vicomte de Rohan, Comte de Porhoet et Seigneur de Leon...Damoiselle Marguerite de Rohan fille du dit Vicomte et de feu dame Marguerite de Bretaigne sœur germaine du feu Duc de Bret.” and “Jehan Comte d’Angoulême” is dated 31 Aug 1449[1334].

Mistress (1): ---. The name of Jean's mistress is not known.

Comte Jean & his wife had three children:

1. LOUIS d'Orléans ([1450]-Château de Bouteville-en-Angoûmois 1453). Père Anselme records the death “au château de Bouteville en Angoumois à l’âge de trois ans” of Louis, oldest son of Jean Comte d’Angoulême, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[1335].

2. CHARLES d'Orléans (1459-Châteauneuf-en-Angoûmois, Charente 1 Jan 1496, bur Angoulême Cathédrale Saint-Pierre). Seigneur d’Epernay et de Romorantin. Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death 1 Jan 1496 of “mon mari”[1336]. Betrothed (31 Dec 1481) to CHARLOTTE de Nevers, daughter of JEAN de Nevers Comte de Rethel [Bourgogne-Valois] & his second wife Pauline de Brosse-Bretagne ([1472]-Château de Meillan-en-Berry 23 Aug 1500, bur Château de Meillan-en-Berry). The marriage contract between “Charles comte d’Angoulême, sgr d’Epernay et de Romorantin” and “Charlotte fille du comte de Nevers” is dated 31 Dec 1481[1337]. m (contract Paris 16 Feb 1488) LOUISE de Savoie, daughter of PHILIPPE de Savoie Comte de Baugé [later PHILIPPE I Duke of Savoy] & his first wife Marguerite de Bourbon (Château de Pont d'Ain, Ain 11 Sep 1476-manoir de Grez-sur-Loing, Gâtinais, Seine-et-Marne 22 Sep 1531, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records her own birth “au Pont-d’Ain” 11 Sep 1476[1338]. After the accession of her son, she used the title "Madame". She was created Dss de Bourbon for life by her son 30 Jun 1528 (registered 11 Aug), after the death of Charles III Duc de Bourbon in 1527. After her death, the king declared her assets united with the crown Jan 1532, representing the final stage in the disputed inheritance of the duchy of Bourbon which had lasted for nearly 50 years. Mistress (1): ANTOINETTE de Polignac Dame de Combronde, wife of JEAN de Polignac, daughter of ---. Père Anselme names “Antoinette dite Jeanne de Polignac dame de Combronde” as mother of Charles’s two illegitimate daughters named below, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[1339]. Kerrebrouck names her husband “Jean de Polignac”, but cites no primary source either[1340]. Dame d’Honneur of Louise de Savoie Dss d'Angoulême. Mistress (2): JEANNE Conte, daughter of ---. Père Anselme records that “Jeanne Conte” is named as mother of Charles’s daughter Souveraine in the latter’s letters of legitimation dated May 1521[1341]. Comte Charles & his wife had two children:

a) MARGUERITE d'Orléans (Château d'Angoulême, Charente 11 Apr 1492-Château d'Odos en Bigorre, near Tarbes 21 Dec 1549, bur Lescar). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 11 Apr 1492 of “ma fille Margueritte”[1342]. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the betrothal at Blois 9 Oct 1509 of “monsieur d’Alenson” and “ma fille Marguerite”[1343]. Dss de Berry 11 Oct 1517, registered 4 Feb 1518. She was the author of several surviving literary works[1344]. m firstly (contract Blois, Loir-et-Cher 9 Oct 1509, Château de Blois 2 Dec 1509) CHARLES [IV] Duc d'Alençon, son of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his [second] wife Marguerite de Lorraine (Alençon 2 Sep 1489-Lyon 11 Apr 1525, Notre-Dame, Alençon). m secondly (contract 3 Jan 1527, Saint-Germain-en-Laye 24 Jan 1527) ENRIQUE II titular King of Navarre, son of JEAN d'Albret King of Navarre & his wife Catalina Queen of Navarre [Foix] (Sangüesa, Navarre 18 Apr 1503-Hagetmau en Béarn, Landes 29 May 1555, bur Lescar Cathedral).

b) FRANÇOIS d'Orléans (Château de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Château de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 12 Sep 1494 of “François...roi de France”[1345]. He succeeded his father in 1496 as Comte d'Angoulême. Installed as Duc de Valois Feb 1498. Heir presumptive at court from 1501, called "Monseigneur". He succeeded in 1515 as FRANÇOIS I King of France.

- see below.

Comte Charles had two illegitimate daughters by Mistress (1):

c) JEANNE bâtarde d'Angoulême (-after 1531/1538). Legitimated at Lyon Aug 1501[1346]. Ctss de Bar-sur-Seine 24 Mar 1522, registered 2 May 1522. m firstly (Aug 1501) JEAN Aubin Seigneur de Malicorne et de Surgères, son of JEAN Aubin Seigneur de Malicorne & his wife Louise de Clermont. m secondly JEAN de Longwy Seigneur de Givry et de Fontaine-Française, Baron de Pagny et de Mirebeau en Bourgogne, son of PHILIPPE de Longwy Seigneur de Pagny, de Givry et de Longepierre & his wife Jeanne de Bauffremont Dame de Mirebeau (-[1520/21]).

d) MADELEINE bâtarde d'Angoulême ([1575/76]-Abbaye de Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire 26 Oct 1543, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). She became a nun at the Abbaye de Notre-Dame de Saintes. Prioress of Pont-l'Abbé en Saintonge 1495. Abbess of Hautes-Bruyères, Chartres. Abbess of Saint-Eusony, Angoulême 1496. Abbess of Faremoutiers 1511. Abbess of Jouarre 1515. Living at Fontevrault 1517-1522.

Comte Charles had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2):

e) SOUVERAINE bâtarde d'Angoulême (-23 Feb 1551, bur Chilly-Mazarin, Saint-Etienne, Essonne). Legitimated at Dijon May 1521[1347]. m (contract Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 10 Feb 1512) MICHEL [III] de Gaillard Seigneur de Chilly, de Longjumeau et du Fayet, son of MICHEL [II] de Gaillard Seigneur de Chilly, de Longjumeau et du Fayet & his wife Marguerite Bourdin (-4 Jul 1535, bur Chilly-Mazarin, Saint-Etienne, Essonne).

3. JEANNE d'Orléans (1462-1520). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the king her son “fit son entrée à Cognac” 14 Jan 1514 and that “ma fille Marguerite et ma sœur de Taillebourg, à présent duchesse de Valois” accompanied him[1348]. Created Dss de Valois at Blois 28 Dec 1516, registered 9 Feb 1517[1349]. m ([1480]) CHARLES de Coëtivy Comte de Taillebourg, son of OLIVIER de Coëtivy Seigneur de Coëtivy et de Taillebourg & his wife Marie bâtarde de France (-after 12 Nov 1500).

Comte Jean had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

4. JEAN bâtard d'Angoulême (-after Jun 1458). Père Anselme notes that “le 4. compte de Robert Baffart” records that “Jean batard d’Angoulême” was legitimated by letters of King Charles VII dated at Beaugency in Jun 1458[1350]. No indication has been found of his age at the time.

FRANÇOIS d'Orléans, son of CHARLES d'Orléans Comte d'Angoulême et de Périgord & his wife Louise de Savoie (Château de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Château de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 12 Sep 1494 of “François...roi de France”[1351]. He succeeded his father in 1496 as Comte d'Angoulême. Installed as Duc de Valois Feb 1498. Heir presumptive at court from 1501, called "Monseigneur". King Louis XII declared him Duc de Bretagne 18 Nov 1514. He succeeded in 1515 as FRANÇOIS I King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 25 Jan 1515. Claiming the Duchy of Milan through his great grandmother Valentina Visconti, he headed a large army to enforce his claim, defeated the Swiss at Marignano 13 Sep 1515 after which Lombardy submitted to him. Under the Treaty of Viterbo 13 Oct 1515, Pope Leo X ceded Parma and Piacenza to him. He concluded the concordat of Bologna with the Pope 18 Aug 1516. He entered Rennes formally 9 Oct 1518 as sovereign of Brittany. He conquered Navarre 1521, but lost it soon thereafter. He lost Milan 17 Nov 1521, but retook it 20 Oct 1524, laid siege to Pavia but was captured 24 Feb 1525 and taken to Spain. While in prison in Madrid, he purported to abdicate in favour of his son François Dauphin de Viennois Nov 1525, aiming to reduce the bargaining power of his captor Emperor Karl V, but this was not acted upon in France. He was freed 13 Mar 1526, under the terms of the Treaty of Madrid 14 Jan 1526. He signed the Peace of Cambrai 3 Aug 1528. The treaty of union between Brittany and France was signed at Plessis-Macé 3 Sep 1532. In 1536, he conquered the territory of the Duke of Savoy, who had refused him passage to Italy.

m firstly (contract Château de Montils-lès-Tours 22 May 1507, Château de Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 May 1514) CLAUDE de France, daughter of LOUIS XII King of France & his second wife Anne Dss de Bretagne (Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher or Romorantin 13 Oct 1499-Château de Blois 20 Jul 1524, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Romorantin 13 Oct 1499 of “ma fille Claude conjoincte à mon fils par mariage”[1352]. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the marriage of “mon fils et madame Claude, à présent reine de France” was confirmed 22 May 1507 “au Plessis, à Tours”[1353]. Her father installed her as Dss de Bretagne at Beauvais 27 Oct 1514, in succession to her mother. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 18 May 1514 at Saint Germain-en-Laye of “mon fils”[1354]. Consecrated Queen of France 10 May 1517 at Saint-Denis.

m secondly (by proxy Torrelaguna, Castile 20 Mar 1530, in person Abbaye de Saint-Laurent de Beyries, near Villeneuve-de-Marsan, Landes 7 Aug 1530) as her second husband, ELEONORE Archduchess of Austria, widow of MANOEL I King of Portugal, daughter of PHILIPP Archduke of Austria [FELIPE I King of Spain] & his wife doña Juana "la Loca" Queen of Castile (Brussels, Palais de Coudenberg 14 Nov 1498-Talavera de la Reina, near Badajoz 17 Feb 1558, bur Lérida, transferred 1573 to Escorial). Consecrated Queen of France 5 Mar 1531 at Saint-Denis. Her stepson Henri II King of France created her Dss de Touraine, Ctss de Poitou et de Civray, Dame de Quercy, Agenais, Villefranche and Rouergue at Saint-Germain-en-Laye 8 Jul 1547. She retired to Flanders to the court of her brother Emperor Karl V in 1548, and went with him to Spain in 1555.

Mistress (1): ---. The name of François’s first mistress is not known. Père Anselme names “un bâtard nommé Villecouvin” and says that his mother was “une grande dame”[1355].

[Mistress (2): JACQUETTE de Lanssac, wife of ALEXANDRE de Saint-Gelais Seigneur de Cornefou, Romefort et Breuil-sur-Loup, daughter of --- (-Bourg near Bordeaux 20 Jun 1522). Kerrebrouck names her as the mother of Louis de Saint-Gelais but, as noted below, comments that “la chose paraît sans beaucoup de preuve” in relation to the allegation that her son was the illegitimate son of King François I[1356]. She married secondly, as his second wife, Jacques de Pons Baron de Mirambeau.]

King François I & his first wife had seven children:

1. LOUISE de France (Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 19 Aug 1515-Château d'Amboise 21 Sep 1518, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Amboise 19 Aug 1515 of “madame Louyse fille aisnée de mon fils”[1357].

2. CHARLOTTE de France (Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 23 Oct 1516-Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 8 Sep 1524, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 23 Oct 1516 at Amboise of “Charlotte fille de mon fils”[1358].

3. FRANÇOIS de France (Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 28 Feb 1518-Château de Tournon, Ardèche 10 Aug 1536, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 28 Feb 1518 at Amboise of “François fils de mon fils, daulphin de Viennois”[1359]. Dauphin de Viennois from birth. His father purported to abdicate in his favour Nov 1525 while in prison in Madrid, but this was not acted upon in France. To procure his father's release from prison in Madrid, he was exchanged for his father, together with his younger brother Henri, arriving in Spain 17 Mar 1526 and remaining until 1 Jul 1530. He succeeded his mother in 1524 as François III[1360] Duke of Brittany, his entry at Rennes was delayed until 13 Aug 1532 because of his imprisonment in Spain. He was consecrated the next day in the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre. Betrothed (contract 2 and 4 Oct 1518, marriage by proxy Greenwich 5 Oct 1518) to MARY Pss of England, daughter of HENRY VIII King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Catalina de Aragón (Greenwich Palace 18 Feb 1516-St James’s Palace, London 17 Nov 1558, bur Westminster Abbey). She succeeded in 1553 as MARY I Queen of England.

4. HENRI de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1519-Hôtel des Tournelles, Paris 10 Jul 1559, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth “le jour de la mi-caresme...à Saint-Germain-en-Laye” 1519 of “Henri second fils de mon fils”[1361]. Duc d'Orléans from birth. He succeeded his father in 1547 as HENRI II King of France.

- see below.

5. MADELEINE de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 10 Aug 1520-Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 2 Jul 1537, bur Edinburgh, Holyrood Abbey). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth “en aoust 1520 le jour Saint Laurent...à Saint-Germain-en-Laye” of “Magdelaine troisième fille du Roy mon fils”[1362]. m (contract Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 26 Nov 1536, Notre-Dame de Paris 1 Jan 1537) as his first wife, JAMES V King of Scotland, son of JAMES IV King of Scotland & his wife Margaret Tudor (Linlithgow Palace, Fife 15 Apr 1512-Falkland Castle 14 Dec 1542).

6. CHARLES de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 22 Jan 1522-Abbaye de Forest-Montiers near Abbeville, Somme 9 Sep 1545, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 22 Jan 1522 “à Saint-Germain-en-Laye” of “Charles III fils de mon fils”[1363]. Duc d'Angoulême. Created Duc de Châtellerault at Château de La Fère sur Oise 27 Aug 1527, confirmed at Fontainebleau 12 Jun 1540. Chambrier de France 26 Sep 1537. Duc d'Orléans at Fontainebleau 12 Jun 1540. Created Duc de Bourbon at Fontainebleau 5 Feb 1543. The King his father gave him the command of the army for the successful campaign to capture Luxembourg from Emperor Karl V in 1542. Betrothed (Peace Treaty of Crépy en Laonnais 18 Sep 1544) to Infanta doña MARÍA of Spain Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor KARL V [CARLOS I King of Spain], Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta dona Isabel de Portugal (Madrid, Royal Alcazar 21 Jun 1528-Madrid 26 Feb 1603, bur Madrid, Nuestra Señora de la Consolación).

7. MARGUERITE de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Jun 1523-Turin 14 Sep 1574, bur Turin, Cathedral San Giovanni). Created Dss de Berry 29 Apr 1550. m (contract Hôtel de Tournelles, Paris 27 Jun 1559, Paris, église Saint-Paul 9 Jul 1559) EMMANUEL PHILIBERT Duke of Savoy, son of CHARLES III Duke of Savoy & his wife Infanta dona Maria Brites de Portugal (Chambéry 8 Jul 1528-Turin 30 Aug 1580).

King François I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

8. NICOLAS d'Estouteville (-Constantinople 1567). Père Anselme names “un bâtard nommé Villecouvin” and says that his mother was “une grande dame”, adding that he died in Constantinople[1364]. Kerrebrouck calls him “Nicolas d’Estouteville seigneur de Villecouvin” but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1365]. Seigneur de Villecouvin.

King François I had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (2):

9. [LOUIS de Saint-Gelais (Cornefou, near Cognac 1513-Château de Précy-sur-Oise Oct 1589, bur Château de Précy-sur-Oise). Kerrebrouck cites two early 20th century secondary sources which indicate that Louis de Saint-Gelais was the illegitimate son of King François I, but comments that “la chose paraît sans beaucoup de preuve”, and provides details of his career[1366]. Captain of the town and castle of Bourg. Counsellor in the Private Council of François II King of France 16 Jul 1559. Baron de La Mothe-Saint-Héray 25 Feb 1576.] m firstly (before 1541) JEANNE de la Roche-Landry, daughter of PHILIPPE Baron de la Roche-Landry & his wife Jeanne de Beaumont (-1563). m secondly (8 Oct 1565) as her third husband, GABRIELLE de Rochechouart, widow firstly of FRANÇOIS de Goulaines Seigneur de Martigné-Briand, and secondly of FRANÇOIS de Volvire Baron de Ruffec [Governor of Angoumois], daughter of FRANÇOIS de Rochechouart Baron de Mortemart & his wife ---. Louis’s descendants became extinct in the male line in the third generation in 1636[1367].]

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below.

HENRI de France, son of FRANÇOIS I King of France & his first wife Claude de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1519-Hôtel des Tournelles, Paris 10 Jul 1559, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth “le jour de la mi-caresme...à Saint-Germain-en-Laye” 1519 of “Henri second fils de mon fils”[1368]. Duc d'Orléans from birth. To procure his father's release from imprisonment in Madrid, he was exchanged for his father, together with his older brother François, arriving in Spain 17 Mar 1526 and remaining until 1 Jul 1530. Chambrier de France (during his absence in prison in Spain) at Compiègne 26 Sep 1527. He succeeded his brother François 1536 as Dauphin de Viennois. Duc de Bretagne 9 Feb 1539 and 18 Apr 1540, never crowned, he was the last effective Duke of Brittany. He succeeded his father in 1547 as HENRI II King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 26 Jul 1547. He died from injuries received during a tournament.

m (contract Château d'Anet, Eure-et-Loir 24 Apr 1531, contract Marseille 27 Oct 1533, Marseille Cathedral 28 Oct 1533) CATARINA de' Medici, daughter of LORENZO [II] de' Medici Duca di Urbino & his wife Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne (Florence, Palazzo Medici 13 Apr 1519-Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 5 Jan 1589, bur Blois, église Saint-Sauveur, transferred 1610 to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). She was naturalised as French in May 1519 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. She succeeded her father in 1519 as Duchess of Urbino. Her marriage was arranged to bolster French power in Italy and to block Emperor Karl V's ambitions in the area. To this end, Pope Clement VII transferred to her at the time of her marriage the cities of Pisa, Livorno, Reggio, Modena, Rubiera, Parma and Piacenza, as well as promising support for the reconquest of Milan by France and the recovery of Urbino. She was consecrated Queen of France 10 Jun 1549 at Saint-Denis. She was named regent of France during her husband's absences abroad in 1552, 1553 and 1554. She was named "Gouvernante de France" 21 Dec 1560 during the minority of her son King Charles IX. She was de facto ruler of France from 1559 to 1589. Her son King Charles IX granted her the usufruit of the duchy of Bourbon at Paris 14 May 1562 (registered 23 Dec). She built the Palais des Tuileries at Paris, and the Châteaux de Saint-Maur des Fossés, Montceaux en Brie and Chenonceau en Touraine.

Mistress (1): FILIPPA Duco, sister of GIAN ANTONIO Duco, from Moncalieri in Piemonte, daughter of --- (Moncalieri, Piemonte). Père Anselme names “Philippe Duc demoiselle Piemontoise, sœur de Jean-Antoine Duc né à Montcallier en Piemont écuyer de la grande écurie du roy Henry II” as the mother of King Henri’s daughter Diane, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1369]. Kerrebrouck corrects the assertion made in some secondary sources that Diane was the daughter of Diane de Poitiers[1370].

Mistress (2): DIANE de Poitiers, widow of LOUIS de Brezé Comte de Maulévrier, daughter of JEAN de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier & his first wife Jeanne de Batarnay de Bouchage (1499-26 Apr 1566). Kerrebrouck names the parents of Diane de Poitiers and her husband, and summarises details of her life without citing any primary sources[1371]. Created Duchesse de Valentinois 1548.

Mistress (3): JEAN Stewart, widow of MALCOLM Lord Fleming of Leviston, illegitimate daughter of JAMES IV King of Scotland & his mistress Agnes Stewart (1510-1552). Père Anselme names “N. de Leviston damoiselle Ecossoise” as the mother of King Henri’s son “Henri d’Angoulême grand prieur de France, gouverneur de Provence et amiral des mers du Levant”, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1372]. Governess of Mary Queen of Scots. She was known in France as "Mademoiselle Flamine de Leviston".

Mistress (4): NICOLE de Savigny Baronne de Fontette, daughter of --- (1535-1590). Père Anselme notes that King Henri II’s son “Henry de S. Remy, gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roy Henry III est crû fils naturel du roy Henry II” by “Nicole de Savigny damoiselle de S. Remy”, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1373]. The Papiers d’Etat du cardinal de Granvelle include a letter dated 30 May 1564 addressed to “la duchesse de Parme” [Margareta, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Karl V] stating that “la Damoyselle de Saint-Remy...a heu si bonne accoinctance de feu roy Henry, comme j’entendz, qu’elle en a retenu quelques enfans”[1374]. In both cases, the wording implies some doubt (“est crû” in the former, “comme j’entendz” in the latter). Nicole de Savigny, in her letter to the Cardinal de Granvelle dated 6 Oct 1564, stated that she had seen “le petyt St Henry”, adding that “Madame de Savoye tesmoignera bien qu’il est filz du feu bon roy Henry” when describing the problems she had suffered since the king’s death[1375]. No other indication has been found besides the letter dated 30 May 1564 that the couple had more than one child. Kerrebrouck notes that the testament of Nicole de Savigny dated 12 Jan 1590 names only one son[1376].

King Henri II & his wife had ten children:

1. FRANÇOIS de France (Château de Fontainebleau 19 Jan 1544-Orléans 5 Dec 1560, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Called "Monseigneur le Duc de Bretagne". On the succession of his father in 1547 he became Dauphin de Viennois, known as "Monseigneur le Dauphin". He was recognised as King of Scotland, by right of his wife, on his marriage. He succeeded his father in 1559 as FRANÇOIS II King of France, consecrated 18 Sep 1559 at Notre-Dame de Reims. m (contract Châtillon 27 Jan 1548, contract Palais du Louvre 19 Apr 1558, Notre-Dame de Paris 24 Apr 1558) as her first husband, MARY I Queen of Scots, daughter of JAMES V King of Scotland & his second wife Marie de Lorraine (Linlithgow Palace 7/8 Dec 1542-executed Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire 8 Feb 1587, bur Peterborough Cathedral, transferred 1612 to Westminster Abbey). She left the French court Mar 1561, receiving the Duchy of Touraine and the County of Poitou, retired to Reims and then back to Scotland, arriving at Holyrood Palace 19 Aug 1561.

2. ELISABETH de France (Château de Fontainebleau 2 Apr 1546-Madrid 3 Oct 1568, bur El Escorial). She died in childbirth. Betrothed (contract Angers 19 Jul 1551) to EDWARD VI King of England, son of HENRY VIII King of England & his third wife Jane Seymour (Hampton Court Palace 12 Oct 1537-Greenwich Palace 6 Jul 1553, bur Westminster Abbey). m (contract Palais du Louvre 20 Jun 1559, by proxy Notre-Dame de Paris 22 Jun 1559, in person Guadalajara 2 Feb 1560) as his third wife, FELIPE II King of Spain, son of Emperor KARL V [CARLOS I King of Castile and Aragon], Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta dona Isabel de Portugal (Valladolid 21 May 1527-Escorial 13 Sep 1598, bur Escorial).

3. CLAUDE de France (Château de Fontainebleau 12 Nov 1547-Nancy 21 Feb 1575, bur Nancy, église des Cordeliers). m (contract Palais du Louvre 19 Jan 1559, Notre-Dame de Paris 22 Jan 1559) CHARLES III Duke of Lorraine and Bar, son of FRANÇOIS I Duke of Lorraine and Bar & his wife Christina of Denmark (Nancy 18 Feb 1543-Nancy 14 May 1608, bur Nancy église des Cordeliers).

4. LOUIS de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 3 Feb 1549-Mantes 24 Oct 1550, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Duc d'Orléans.

5. CHARLES MAXIMILIEN de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 27 Jun 1550-Château du Bois de Vincennes 30 May 1574, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Duc d'Angoulême. Duc d'Orléans, after the death of his older brother Louis. He succeeded his brother in 1560 as CHARLES IX King of France, under the Regency of his mother until 17 Aug 1563. Consecrated 15 May 1561 at Notre-Dame de Reims. He was recognised as Protector of Holland by Willem I Prince of Orange May 1572. m (contract Madrid 14 Jan 1570, by proxy Speyer 22 Oct 1570, in person Notre-Dame de l'Espérance, Mézières-en-Champagne 26 Nov 1570) ELISABETH Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor MAXIMILIAN II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia & Hungary & his wife Infanta doña Maria of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Vienna 5 Jul 1554-Vienna 22 Jan 1592, bur Vienna Clarissan Convent, transferred 1782 to Vienna St Stefan). Consecrated Queen of France at l'Abbaye de Saint-Denis 25 Mar 1571. After her husband died, she received the duchy of Berry at Avignon 25 Nov 1574 (registered 15 Dec). She received the duchies of Bourbon and Auvergne, in exchange for Berry, at Blois 20 Jan 1577 (registered 9 May). She left the French court 5 Dec 1575. After the death of her daughter, she returned to Vienna where she founded the Clarissan Convent. Mistress (1): MARIE Touchet, daughter of JEAN Touchet Seigneur de Beauvais et de Quillart & his wife Marie Mathy (Orléans [1553]-Paris, Hôtel d'Angoulême 28 Mar 1638, bur Paris, église des Minimes, Place Royale). Père Anselme names Marie Touchet as mother of King Charles’s two sons named below, and names her parents and husband, citing “Memoires de Castelnau”[1377]. Dame de Belleville et de Langeais. She married (20 Oct 1578) François de Balzac Seigneur d'Entragues et de Marcoussis, Governor of Orléans. Kerrebrouck notes that Marie Touchet’s daughter by her husband, Catherine-Henriette Marquise de Verneuil, was mistress of King Henri IV[1378]. King Charles IX & his wife had one child:

a) MARIE-ELISABETH de France (Palais du Louvre, Paris 27 Oct 1572-Paris, Hôtel d'Anjou 2 Apr 1578, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

King Charles IX had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

b) son ([1572]-young). Père Anselme notes that King Charles IX had an older unnamed son “mort en bas âge”, no dates specified, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1379]. Kerrebrouck dates his birth to 1572 but cites no source either[1380].

c) CHARLES bâtard de Valois (Château du Fayet, near Montmélian en Dauphiné 28 Apr 1573-Paris 24 Sep 1650, bur Paris Place Royale église des Minimes). Known as "Charles, Monsieur". Abbé de la Chaise-Dieu 1586. Comte d’Auvergne et de Clermont. Duc d'Angoulême, Comte de Ponthieu 1619, called "Monsieur d'Angoulême". m firstly (contract Pezenas 6 May 1591) CHARLOTTE de Montmorency, daughter of HENRI [I] Duc de Montmorency & his first wife Antoinette de la Marck ([1571/72]-Paris 12 Aug 1636, bur Paris Place Royale église des Minimes). m secondly (25 Feb 1644) FRANÇOISE de Nargonne, daughter of CHARLES de Nargonne Baron de Marüeil & his wife Eléonore de la Rivière ([1620/21]-Château de Montmore en Champagne 10 Aug 1713).

- VALOIS - DUCS d'ANGOULÊME[1381].

6. EDOUARD ALEXANDRE de France (Château de Fontainebleau 19 Sep 1551-murdered Saint-Cloud 2 Aug 1589, bur Compiègne, transferred 23 Jun 1610 to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). At first called "Monsieur, Monseigneur le Duc d'Angoulême". He took the title Duc d'Orléans 8 Dec 1560. He adopted the first name HENRI, after his late father, at his confirmation 18 Mar 1566 at Toulouse Cathédrale Saint-Etienne. Entering the Royal Council at Moulins Feb 1567, he was created Duc d'Anjou et de Bourbon[1382]. He adopted the title Duc d'Anjou but was referred to as "Monseigneur" or "Monseigneur frère du roi". Appointed Lieutenant General of the army 12 Nov 1567. Named Supreme General in the war against the Huguenots 4 Oct 1568, he won the battles of Jarnac and Moncontour in 1569. Duc d'Auvergne at Amboise 17 Aug 1569, registered 24 Nov 1569. He was elected HENRYK King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania by the Diet of Warsaw 11 May 1573, crowned at Krakow St Wenceslas Cathedral 21 Feb 1574. Having reserved his rights to succeed in France 22 Aug 1573 before he left for Poland, he succeeded his brother in 1574 as HENRI III King of France. Although he left Poland for France immediately, he did not formally abdicate as King of Poland but continued to refer to himself as King of Poland, even after the election of Stefan Bathori as King in his place. Consecrated 13 Feb 1575 at Notre-Dame de Reims. m (contract Reims 14 Feb 1575, Reims Cathedral 15 Feb 1575) LOUISE de Lorraine Mademoiselle de Vaudémont, daughter of NICOLAS de Lorraine Duc de Mercœur & his first wife Margareta van Egmond (Château de Nomény, Meurthe-et-Moselle 30 Apr 1553-Château de Moulins, Allier 29 Jan 1601, bur église des Capucins, transferred 1817 to l'église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Although she was present at her husband's coronation, two days before their marriage, she was never consecrated Queen of France herself. After her husband died, she lived first at Chenonceau, later at Moulins. She was created Dss de Bourbon et d'Auvergne 20 May 1592.

7. MARGUERITE de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 May 1553-Paris, Faubourg Saint-Germain 27 Mar 1615, bur 21 Jul 1616 église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Created Ctss d'Agenais, de Rouergue et de Quercy 18 Mar 1578. Created Dss de Valois et d'Etampes, Ctss de Senlis et de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis 8 Jul 1582, confirmed by her ex-husband 29 Dec 1599[1383] and by King Louis XIII May 1610. She transferred the Duchy of Etampes to her husband's mistress, Gabrielle d'Estrées Dss de Beaufort, 11 Nov 1598. After the annulment of her marriage, she was called “la Reine Marguerite duchesse de Valois”. m (contract Palais du Louvre 17 Aug 1572, Notre-Dame de Paris 18 Aug 1572, separated 1578, divorced 17 Dec 1599) as his first wife, HENRI de Bourbon King of Navarre, son of ANTOINE de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme, King of Navarre & his wife Jeanne d’Albret Queen of Navarre (Château de Pau, Béarn 13 Dec 1553-assassinated Paris 14 May 1610, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). On the death of his father, he became premier prince de sang de France. He succeeded 2 Aug 1589 as HENRI IV King of France.

8. FRANÇOIS de France (Château de Fontainebleau 18 Mar 1555-Château-Thierry, Aisne 10 Jun 1584, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Duc d'Alençon at Moulins 8 Feb 1566. Named Head of the Council, Commander-in-Chief of the army 5 Aug 1573. He left court in Sep 1575 because he was refused the position of Lieutenant General of the kingdom, becoming the head of the reîtres. To settle the dispute, he was created Duc d'Anjou, de Touraine et de Berry under the peace of Etigny 6 May 1576. Named Lieutenant General of the army in 1576, and Lieutenant General of the kingdom 4 May 1580. He was offered sovereignty of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in Sep 1580, crowned Duke of Brabant at Antwerp 19 Feb 1582, and recognised as Count of Flanders at Bruges 15 Jul 1582.

9. VICTOIRE de France (Château de Fontainebleau 24 Jun 1556-Château d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 17 Aug 1556, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Twin with Jeanne.

10. JEANNE de France (b and d Château de Fontainebleau 24 Jun 1556, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Twin with Victoire. Père Anselme calls her Jeanne, but notes that “Antoine de Herrera” named her “Julie” and that a manuscript dated 1572 called her “Claude”[1384].

King Henri II had two illegitimate daughters by Mistress (1):

11. DIANE (Piemonte 1538-Paris 11 Jan 1619, bur Paris, église des Minimes, Place Royale). Père Anselme names “Philippe Duc demoiselle Piemontoise, sœur de Jean-Antoine Duc né à Montcallier en Piemont écuyer de la grande écurie du roy Henry II” as the mother of King Henri’s daughter Diane, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1385]. Kerrebrouck corrects the assertion made in some secondary soruces that Diane was the daughter of Diane de Poitiers[1386]. Legitimated 1548. Dss de Châtellerault at Vincennes 22 Jun 1563, registered 5 Oct 1563. Duchesse d'Etampes at Paris Feb 1576, registered 17 Mar 1576. Dss d'Angoulême, Ctss de Ponthieu at Fontainebleau Aug 1582, registered 13 Aug 1582, in exchange for the Duchy of Châtellerault[1387]. m firstly (betrothed Tours 6 May 1551, contract 13 Feb 1553, 14 Feb 1553) ORAZIO Farnese Duca di Castro, son of PIETRO LUIGI Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza & his wife Girolama Orsini ([1528/29]-killed in battle siege of Hesdin, Pas-de-Calais 18 Jul 1553, bur Abbeville, Somme, église des Minimes). m secondly (Villers-Cotterêts, Aisne 3 May 1557) FRANÇOIS de Montmorency, son of ANNE Duc de Montmorency [Connétable de France] & his wife Madeleine de Savoie (17 Jul 1530-Château d'Ecouen, Val d'Oise 6 May 1578, bur Montmorency église Saint-Martin). Governor of Paris and l'Ile de France 1556. Created Maréchal de France 1559. He was the leader of the political faction opposed to the Guise family. He succeeded his father as Duc de Montmorency.

12. daughter . Kerrebrouck notes that King Henri II had a second (unnamed) daughter “née de Filippa Duci” but cites no source on which he bases this information[1388].

King Henri II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (3):

13. HENRI bâtard d'Angoulême (Spring 1551-Aix-en-Provence 2 Jun 1586, bur Aix-en-Provence, église des Carmes). Père Anselme names “N. de Leviston damoiselle Ecossoise” as the mother of King Henri’s son “Henri d’Angoulême grand prieur de France, gouverneur de Provence et amiral des mers du Levant”, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1389]. Known as "le Chevalier d'Angoulême". Grand Prior in France of the Order of St John of Jerusalem 1563. Abbé de la Chaise-Dieu, Clermont 1562. Abbé de Saint-Pierre d'Agen 1568. Appointed Governor of Provence 1579. He was killed in a duel with Philippe Altoviti Baron de Castellane[1390].

King Henri II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (4):

14. HENRI de Saint-Rémy (Paris 1557-Paris 1621, bur Paris). Père Anselme notes that King Henri II’s son “Henry de S. Remy, gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roy Henry III est crû fils naturel du roy Henry II” by “Nicole de Savigny damoiselle de S. Remy”, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1391]. The Papiers d’Etat du cardinal de Granvelle include a letter dated 30 May 1564 addressed to “la duchesse de Parme” [Margareta, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Karl V] stating that “la Damoyselle de Saint-Remy...a heu si bonne accoinctance de feu roy Henry, comme j’entendz, qu’elle en a retenu quelques enfans”[1392]. In both cases, the wording implies some doubt (“est crû” in the former, “comme j’entendz” in the latter). Nicole de Savigny, in her letter to the Cardinal de Granvelle dated 6 Oct 1564, stated that she had seen “le petyt St Henry”, adding that “Madame de Savoye tesmoignera bien qu’il est filz du feu bon roy Henry” when describing the problems she had suffered since the king’s death[1393]. No other indication has been found besides the letter dated 30 May 1564 that the couple had more than one child. Kerrebrouck notes that the testament of Nicole de Savigny dated 12 Jan 1590 names only one son[1394]. Baron de Fontette, Seigneur de Beauvoir[1395]. Henri & his wife had children:

- VALOIS-SAINT-REMY[1396].

C. COMTES et DUCS d'ALENÇON

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of the following family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below. Père Anselme[1397] and Kerrebrouck[1398] provide outlines of the Alençon family, on which the following reconstruction is based, but neither cites many primary sources which corroborate their information.

CHARLES de Valois, son of CHARLES de France Comte de Valois & his first wife Marguerite of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] ([1297]-killed in battle Crécy 26 Aug 1346, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Comte de Chartres 1314. He succeeded in Apr 1326 as CHARLES II “le Magnanime” Comte d'Alençon et de Perche. "Charles de Valois, frère du roi de France, conte d´Alençon et du Perche" granted le droit de colombier to the prior of Saint-Martin de Bellême by charter dated 20 Jan 1334[1399]. Perceval de Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that “Charles conte d’Alençon et du Perche” was killed at Crécy and was buried “en la ville de Paris...en l’eglise du colege des Freres Mendians”[1400].

Betrothed (1308) to NEDA of Serbia, daughter of STEFAN UROŠ II MILUTIN King of Serbia & his third wife Erszebet of Hungary ([1295/98]-after 1346). This betrothal was part of the treaty agreed between the fathers of the two parties aimed at ensuring the support of the Comte de Valois in King Milutin's war with his brother Dragutin[1401].

m firstly (contract Apr 1314) JEANNE Ctss de Joigny Dame de Mercœur, daughter of JEAN [II] “Blondel” Comte de Joigny Seigneur de Mercœur & his wife Agnès de Brienne (-24 Sep 1336). The Istoria of Marino Sanudo Torsello records that the wife of "miser Carlo figlio de miser Carlo de Vallois consobrino del Rè di Francia" was "[la] figliola…[del] conite Altino da Campagna" and his wife "la figliola…[del] conte di Brenna"[1402]. The necrology of the Hôpital de Joigny records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "domine Johanne quondam comitisse Alençonii et Joigniaci et fundatricis istius hospitalis"[1403].

m secondly (contract Dec 1336) as her second husband, doña MARÍA de la Cerda dame de Lunel, widow of CHARLES d’Evreux Comte d’Etampes, daughter of don FERNANDO de la Cerda de Castilla & his wife doña Juana Nuñez Señora de Lara ([1319]-Paris 13 Mar 1375, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Ayala´s Crónica de Enrique II records in 1373 that “Doña Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda e de Doña Juana de Lara, hermana de Don Juan Nuñez de Lara Señor de Vizcaya, Condesa de Alanzon...primero casada en Francia con el Conde de Estampas...y despues...con el Conde de Alanzon, hermano del Rey Don Phelipe de Francia” claimed “las tierras de Lara é de Vizcaya” from Enrique II King of Castile[1404]. The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "domine Marie de Hyspania comitisse de Alençonio" mother of "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[1405].

Comte Charles II & his second wife had five children:

1. CHARLES d'Alençon (Feb 1337-Château de Pierre-Encize, Lyon 5 Jul 1375, bur Lyon). Perceval de Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “Charles leur ainsné filz, Philipe le second, Pierre le tiers et Robert le quart” as the four children of “Charles conte d’Alençon et du Perche” & his wife “madame Marie d’Espaigne”[1406]. He succeeded his father in 1346 as CHARLES III Comte d'Alençon. He resigned his county in 1361 to become a Dominican monk at the convent of Saint-Jacques, Paris[1407]. Archbishop of Lyon 13 Jul 1365.

2. PHILIPPE d'Alençon (Paris 1339-Rome 15 Aug 1397, bur Rome, Santa Maria beyond the Tiber). Perceval de Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “Charles leur ainsné filz, Philipe le second, Pierre le tiers et Robert le quart” as the four children of “Charles conte d’Alençon et du Perche” & his wife “madame Marie d’Espaigne”, noting that Philippe resigned the succession like his older brother and listing in his ecclesiastical appointments[1408]. He succeeded in 1361 as PHILIPPE Comte d'Alençon et du Perche, when his older brother became a Dominican monk. He divided these territories 20 Jan 1367 between his two younger brothers. Bishop of Beauvais 24 Mar 1356, but not consecrated. Archbishop of Rouen 13 May 1362. Named Patriarch of Jerusalem by the Pope. Cardinal 18 Sep 1378. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records Philippe’s burial “en l’eglise de Nostre Dame de Ronde à Romme”[1409].

3. PIERRE d'Alençon (-Argentan, Orne 20 Sep 1404, bur Perche. église des Chartreux du Val-Dieu). Perceval de Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “Charles leur ainsné filz, Philipe le second, Pierre le tiers et Robert le quart” as the four children of “Charles conte d’Alençon et du Perche” & his wife “madame Marie d’Espaigne”[1410]. He was given as a hostage to the English to replace King John II, he remained imprisoned until the death of King John in 1363. He succeeded in 1367 as PIERRE II “le Bon/le Noble” Comte d’Alençon. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Pierre bought “Argenthen...Aunou...Saint Lehier, du Goullet et de Quningné”[1411]. The testament of Pierre II Comte d’Alençon is dated 29 Aug 1404 at Argentan[1412]. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Pierre died 20 Sep 1404 “en son chastel d’Argenthen” and was buried “en l’eglise des Chartreux au Vaudieu”[1413]. m (20 Oct 1371) MARIE Chamaillart Dame de Beaumont-le-Vicomte, daughter and heiress of GUILLAUME Chamaillart Seigneur d’Anthenaise & his wife Marie de Beaumont [en-Brienne] (-Château d’Argentan 18 Nov [1415], bur Argentan, Saint-Thomas). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Pierre married “Marie vicomtesse de Beaumont”[1414]. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Marie died 18 Nov 1415 “ou chastel d’Argenthen” and was buried “en l’eglise de l’Hostel Dieu de Saint Thomas d’Argenthen”[1415]. Père Anselme says that Marie died 18 Nov 1425, without citing any sources on which this information is based and in a passage which repeats the other information from Cagny’s Chronique, which suggests an error in the date[1416]. The earlier date is more consistent with the suggested marriage date of her parents. Mistress (1): JEANNE de Maugastel Dame de Blandé, daughter of ---. She married Pierre Cointerel, who was created Vicomte du Perche by Pierre II Comte d’Alençon. Père Anselme names her as mother of Pierre, illegitimate son of Pierre II Comte d’Alençon, and records her marriage[1417]. He cites no sources which confirm that this information is correct. Comte Pierre II & his wife had eight children:

a) JEANNE d’Alençon (Château d’Essay [1372]-Château d’Argentan 6 Aug 1403, bur Perche, église des Chartreux du Val-Dieu). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Jehanne, la seconde Marie, la tierce Katherine, la quarte Margarite” as the four daughters of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, recording in a later passage that Jeanne was born “ou chastel d’Essay”, died 6 Aug 1403 “ou chastel d’Argenthen”, and was buried “aupres [de]...son pere en l’eglise du Vault Dieu”[1418].

b) MARIE d’Alençon (Château d’Essay, Orne 21 Mar 1374-Châteauneuf Cordeliers before 1418, bur Châteauneuf Cordeliers). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Jehanne, la seconde Marie, la tierce Katherine, la quarte Margarite” as the four daughters of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, noting in a later passage that Marie was born 21 Mar 1373 (presumably O.S.) “ou chastel d’Essay”, married “Jehan conte de Harcourt”, and was buried “à Chasteauleraust en l’eglise des Cordeliers” where she had died[1419]. Père Anselme notes Marie’s marriage contract dated 17 Mar 1389 (O.S.?) but provides no citation reference for the document[1420]. A manuscript register records that “Jean de Harcourt septiesme du nom” married “Marie d’Allençon” in 1389[1421]. Père Anselme notes that she died before 1418 (without citing any source on which this information is based)[1422]. m (contract Paris 17 Mar 1390) JEAN [VII] Comte d´Harcourt et d'Aumâle, son of JEAN [VI] Comte d’Harcourt et d'Aumâle & his wife Catherine de Bourbon (Lillebonne 1370-18 Dec 1452).

c) PIERRE d’Alençon (Alençon [1374]-1375, bur Perche, Abbaye de Perseigne). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre et le second Jehan” as the two sons of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, adding in a later passage that Pierre was born “ou chastel d’Alençon” but “ne vesquit gaires et fut mal gouverné des femmes qui l’avoient en garde et de sa nourrice”, and was buried “à l’abbaye de Persaigne”[1423].

d) JEAN d’Alençon ([1375/76]-1376, bur Perche, Abbaye de Perseigne). Père Anselme records his parentage, death in 1375, and his burial at Perseigne (without citing any sources on which this information is based)[1424].

e) MARIE d’Alençon ([1376]-1377, bur Perche, Abbaye de Perseigne). Père Anselme records her parentage, death in 1377, and her burial at Perseigne (without citing any sources on which this information is based)[1425].

f) CATHERINE d’Alençon (Verneuil-sur-Avre, Eure [1380]-Paris, Hôtel d’Auxerre 22 or 25 Jun 1462, bur Paris, Abbaye Sainte-Geneviève). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Jehanne, la seconde Marie, la tierce Katherine, la quarte Margarite” as the four daughters of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, noting in a later passage that Catherine was born “ou chastel de Verneuil”, married firstly “Pierre de Navarre conte de Mortain, ou chastel d’Alençon” in Apr 1411, secondly “[le] duc de Baviere et frere de la raigne Ysabel”[1426]. The testament of Pierre II Comte d’Alençon, dated 29 Aug 1404, bequeathed “la châtellenie d’Exmes, la vicomté de Saint-Sylvain et du Thuit...les deux seigneuries de Saint-Loyer-des-Champs et d’Aunou-le-Faucon” to his daughter Catherine[1427]. Père Anselme notes the marriage contract for Catherine’s first marriage dated 21 Apr 1411 but provides no citation reference for the document[1428]. Charles VII King of France confirmed the settlement of a dispute with Catherine d’Alençon “qui réclamait sa part de la succession, confisquée, du duc Jean d’Alençon son père [error for neveu]” under which she retained for life the seigneurie d’Exmes and the château d’Argentan in return for transferring her fiefs in Normandy to the king, by letters dated 15 Jul 1460[1429]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VII Kal Jul" of "domine Katherina de Alençonio ducissa in Bavaria filia ducis Alençonii quondam uxor…principis domini Petri de Navarra"[1430]. Père Anselme records her death 22 Jun 1462 at the Hôtel d’Auxerre in Paris and her burial and epitaph at the abbey of Sainte Geneviève[1431]. m firstly (contract 21 Apr 1411, Château d’Alençon Aug 1411) PIERRE d'Evreux Infante de Navarra Comte de Mortain, son of CARLOS II King of Navarre & his wife Jeanne de France (Evreux 1366-Sancerre 29 Jul 1412, bur Paris, église des Chartreux). m secondly (Paris, Hôtel Saint-Pol 1 Oct 1413) as his second wife, LUDWIG VII "der Bärtige" Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, son of STEFAN III Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt & his wife Taddea Visconti of Milan ([20 Dec 1365/1369]-in prison Burghausen 1/2 May 1447, bur Raitenhaslach).

g) MARGUERITE d’Alençon (Argenton ---- -Hôtel-Dieu d’Argentan after 4 Sep 1404, bur Hôtel-Dieu d’Argentan). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Jehanne, la seconde Marie, la tierce Katherine, la quarte Margarite” as the four daughters of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, noting in a later passage that Marguerite was born “ou chastel d’Argenten”, and entered ”l’Hostel Dieu d’Argenthen” where she died and was buried[1432]. Servants were assigned to “Catherine et Marguerite d’Alençon” 4 Sep 1404[1433]. Nun at Argentan.

h) JEAN d’Alençon (Château d'Essay 9 May 1385-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415, bur Sées, Abbaye de Saint-Martin). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre et le second Jehan” as the two sons of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, adding in a later passage that Jean was born 9 May 1385 “ou chasteau d’Essay”[1434]. Comte du Perche. He succeeded his father in 1404 as JEAN I "le Sage" Comte d'Alençon. Created Duc d’Alençon 1 Jan 1415.

- see below.

Comte Pierre II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

i) PIERRE bâtard d'Alençon (-after Jan 1422, maybe after 17 Aug 1424). Père Anselme names Pierre as illegitimate son of Pierre II Comte d’Alençon, adding that he was named “dans un titre du 4 août 1418”, was “capitaine du chastel et ville de Fresnay en Perche...”, fought against the English in 1419, and was granted “les terres et seigneuries d’Aunou, de Faucon et du Goulet, situées dans le duché d’Alençon” by Jean II Duc d’Alençon in Jan 1422[1435]. Seigneur d'Aunou-le-Faucon et du Goulet Jan 1422. same person as...? PIERRE bâtard d'Alençon (-after 16 Feb [1439/40]). Père Anselme names Pierre as illegitimate son of Jean I Duc d’Alençon, adding that “[il] donna des preuves de son courage à la bataille de Verneuil en 1424, avec le duc d’Alençon son frère, ils y furent tous deux blessés...”[1436]. This statement appears to be based on Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII, quoted below, which does not specify a family connection: it is possible that Anselme assumed the family relationship himself without specific proof. Mauger comments that “Tout porte à croire qu[‘il]...ne fait qu’un avec [Pierre bátard d’Alençon, fils de Pierre]”[1437], which is a reasonable observation. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records “Pierre bastard d’Alençon...André de Laval, Messire Guy de Laval...” among the supporters of “[le] conte d’Aumarle” fighting for Charles VII King of France at “la Broissinière”, dated to 1423 from the context[1438], while the same source names “le bastard d’Alençon...” among those captured by the English at the battle of Verneuil (17 Aug 1424)[1439]. These passages provide no indication of Pierre’s parentage. Père Anselme records that Pierre was named “au contrat de vente de la baronnie de Fougères faite au duc de Bretagne le 31 décembre 1428 par Jean II duc d’Alençon”[1440]. Seigneur de Gallardon (the date on which Pierre was granted this seigneurie has not been ascertained). Charles VII King of France granted property to Pierre bâtard d’Alençon “pour raison du rachat de Gallardon” by charter dated 16 Feb 1439 (O.S.?)[1441].]

4. ROBERT d’Alençon (-1377, bur Sées, église abbatiale de Saint-Martin). Perceval de Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “Charles leur ainsné filz, Philipe le second, Pierre le tiers et Robert le quart” as the four children of “Charles conte d’Alençon et du Perche” & his wife “madame Marie d’Espaigne”[1442]. Comte du Perche. "Robert d´Alençon comte du Perche" confirmed the rights to revenue of the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême by charter dated 11 Jun 1362[1443]. m (contract 25 Apr 1374) as her first husband, JEANNE de Rohan, daughter of JEAN Vicomte de Rohan & his first wife Jeanne Dame de Léon (-after 20 Jan 1408). The marriage contract between “Robert d´Alençon Conte du Perche Seigneur d´Iexmois et de Caniel” and “Jehan Viconte de Rohan...Demoiselle Jehanne de Rohan fille de nous dit Viconte”, with the consent of “Allain notre fils aisné”, is dated 25 Apr 1374[1444]. She married secondly as his first wife, Pierre [II] Seigneur d’Amboise, who succeeded in 1397 as Vicomte de Thouars. “Pierre Seigneur d´Amboise et de Noyon sure Andele et Jehanne de Rohan nostre espouse” granted “[la] terre de Bellesousse” to “escuyer Amy dit le Bastard du Perche” by charter dated 2 Sep 1396[1445]. The testament of “Jehanne de Rohan dame de Ambaise, vicontesse de Thouars, dame de Noyon sur Andelle et du Pont Saint Pierre”, dated 20 Jan 1407 (O.S.) under the authority of “Pierre seigneur d’Ambaise et viconte de Thouars mon...expoux”, requested burial “en l’eglise Nostre Dame de Saint Florentin estant ou chastel d’Ambaise”, named “mon...expous mond. seigneur d’Amboise, viconte de Thouars, mes...freres messire Oudart de Rohan, messire Ingerchier d’Amboise seigneur de Roche Corbon et de Marent, frere de mond. seigneur...” as executors[1446]. Comte Robert & his wife had one child:

a) CHARLES ([1375/76]-before 1377). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Robert and his wife had “ung filz...Charles qui ne vesquit gaires”[1447].

Robert had [one illegitimate son by an unknown Mistress]:

b) [AME bâtard du Perche (-2 Sep 1396). “Pierre Seigneur d´Amboise et de Noyon sure Andele et Jehanne de Rohan nostre espouse” granted “[la] terre de Bellesousse” to “escuyer Amy dit le Bastard du Perche” by charter dated 2 Sep 1396[1448]. His name suggests that Amé may have been the donor’s illegitimate son.]

5. ISABELLE d’Alençon ([posthumously 1346]-3 Sep 1379, bur Poissy Saint-Louis). Père Anselme records her parentage, her entry as a nun in the priory of Saint-Louis de Poissy, her death 3 Sep 1379, and her burial at Poissy (without citing any sources on which this information is based)[1449]. The primary source which records her date of birth has not been identified. Nun at the priory of Saint-Louis de Poissy.

JEAN d’Alençon, son of PIERRE II “le Bon/le Noble” Comte d’Alençon & his wife Marie Chamaillart, Vicomtesse de Beaumont-au-Maine (Château d'Essay 9 May 1385-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415, bur Sées, Abbaye de Saint-Martin). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre et le second Jehan” as the two sons of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, adding in a later passage that Jean was born 9 May 1385 “ou chasteau d’Essay”[1450]. Comte du Perche. He succeeded his father in 1404 as JEAN I "le Sage" Comte d'Alençon. Created Duc d’Alençon 1 Jan 1415. Gilles de Roye’s Annales Belgici names “duce d’Alenzon” among those killed 23 Oct 1415 fighting the English[1451]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande names “...le duc d‘Alenchon...” among those killed in battle at Agincourt[1452]. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “[le] duc d’Alençon” among those killed at Agincourt “24” Oct 1415 and his burial “en l’eglise et abbaye de Siant Martin de Sées”[1453].

m (contract Château de l’Hermine, Vannes 26 Jun 1396) MARIE de Bretagne dame de La Guerche, daughter of JEAN V Duke of Brittany & his third wife Infanta doña Juana de Navarra ([Nantes] 18 Feb 1391-18 Dec 1446). “Pierres Conte d´Alençon Seigneur de Fougieres et Viconte de Beaumont ayant la garde...de nostre...fils Jehan Conte de Perche” issued proxy for his marriage to “le Duc de Bretaigne...la fille” by charter dated 3 Apr 1396[1454]. The marriage contract between “Pierres Comte d´Alançon Seigneur de Foulgeres et Vicomte de Beaumont et...Marie Comtesse Dame et Vicomtesse desdits lieux...nostre...fils Jehan Comte du Perche” and “Marie fille de...nos...cousin et cousin les Duc et Duchesse de Bretagne” is dated 26 Jun 1396[1455].

Duke Jean I & his wife had six children:

1. PIERRE d’Alençon (Château d’Argentan, Orne 4 Oct 1407-Château d’Argentan 16 Mar 1408, bur Abbaye de Notre-Dame-de-Silly, near Argentan). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre, le second Jehan et le tiers Jehan” as the three sons of Jean and his wife, adding that Pierre was born 4 Oct 1407 “ou chastel d’Argenthen”, died there 16 Mar 1407 (presumably O.S.), and was buried “en l’eglise de l’abbaie de Nostre Dame de Cilli, près [de]...Argenten”[1456]. Comte du Perche.

2. JEAN d'Alençon (Château d’Argentan 2 Mar [1409]-Paris 1476, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). His parentage is confirmed by Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII which refers to “[le] duc d’Alençon” as “[le] conte de Richemont...son nepveu”[1457]. Comte du Perche. He succeeded his father in 1415 as JEAN II “le Bon” Duc d’Alençon.

- see below.

3. JEAN d'Alençon (Château d’Argentan 17 Sep 1412-Ussé near Chinon 17 Oct 1420, bur Abbaye de Bourgueil-en-Anjou, Indre-et-Loire). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre, le second Jehan et le tiers Jehan” as the three sons of Jean and his wife, in a later passage recording that the second named Jean was born 17 Sep 1412 “ou chastel...d’Argenten”, died aged 10 “en l’ostel d’Ussé pres Chinon”, and was buried in “l’abbaye de Bourgueil en Valée”[1458].

4. MARIE d'Alençon (Château d’Argentan ---- - aged 2, bur Notre-Dame de Silly, near Argentan). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Marie, le second Charlote” as the two daughters of Jean and his wife, adding in a later passage that Marie was bon “ou chastel...d’Argenthen”, lived two years, and was buried “en...l’eglise de l’abbaye de Nostre Dame de Cilly”[1459].

5. CHARLOTTE d'Alençon (Château d’Argentan 15 Dec 1413-Lamballe en Bretagne, Côtes d’Armor 24 Mar 1435, bur Lamballe, église de Notre-Dame). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Marie, le second Charlote” as the two daughters of Jean and his wife, adding in a later passage that Charlotte was born 15 Dec “1412” “ou...chastel d’Argenthen”, died, aged 23, 24 Mar 1435 “en la ville de Lamballe en Bretaigne”, and was buried “en l’eglise de Nostre Dame dudit lieu”[1460].

Duke Jean I had [three] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

6. [PIERRE bâtard d'Alençon (-after 16 Feb [1439/40]). Père Anselme names Pierre as illegitimate son of Jean I Duc d’Alençon, adding that he “donna des preuves de son courage à la bataille de Verneuil en 1424, avec le duc d’Alençon son frère, ils y furent tous deux blessés”[1461]. The question of the supposed separate existence of this person is discussed above under Pierre illegitimate son of Pierre II Comte d’Alençon.]

7. [PIERRE bâtard d’Alençon (-before Sep 1450). Jean II Duc d’Alençon named a new chaplain for a chapel of Saint-Thomas d’Argentan “vacant par le trépas de Pierre bâtard d’Alençon” dated 15 Sep 1450[1462]. Mauger comments that “il s’agit sans doute d’un bâtard de Pierre II ou de son fils Jean I”, although the date of his death suggests the latter as the more likely possibility.]

8. MARGUERITE bâtarde d'Alençon . Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[1463]. m JEAN de Saint-Aubin, son of ---. Seigneur de Préaux 1479. Counsellor and Chamberlain of the king.

JEAN d'Alençon, son of JEAN I "le Sage" Duc d'Alençon & his wife Marie de Bretagne dame de La Guerche (Château d’Argentan 2 Mar [1409]- Paris 1476, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsné...Pierre, le second Jehan et le tiers Jehan” as the three sons of Jean and his wife, adding that the first-named Jean was born 2 Mar “1406” [which must be an error assuming that the date of birth of his older brother Pierre is correctly recorded in the same source] at Argentan, but specifying later that he was “en l’eage de vi ans” when his father was killed (although stating that he was “environ son eage de xviii ans” when he fought at Verneuil)[1464]. His parentage is confirmed by Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII which refers to “[le] duc d’Alençon” as “[le] conte de Richemont...son nepveu”[1465]. Comte du Perche. He succeeded his father in 1415 as JEAN II “le Bon” Duc d’Alençon, but his duchy was occupied by the English. He was captured by the English at the battle of Verneuil 17 Aug 1424, and imprisoned at the Château du Crotoy until 30 Oct 1427[1466]. He was sentenced to death for treason 10 Oct 1458, and deprived of his honours. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment at Loches, but he was released and re-established by Louis XI 11 Oct 1461. After a second rebellion 1472, he was sentenced to death again 18 Jul 1474, but imprisoned for life in Palais du Louvre. The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the trial in 1474 of “[le duc] d’Alençon” who was condemned to death and his assets confiscated, but imprisoned at the Louvre[1467].

m firstly (contract Blois 14 May 1410, Blois 1423) JEANNE d’Orléans, daughter of CHARLES Duc d'Orléans & his first wife Isabelle de France (Blois Aug 1409-Angers, Abbaye de Saint-Aubin, Maine-et-Loire 19 May 1432, bur Abbaye de Saint-Aubin). The Geste des Nobles records the marriage of “le duc d’Alençon” and “Madamoiselle Jehanne seulle fille le duc d’Orléans”, dated to 1423 from the context[1468]. Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon records that Jean married “Jehenne fille du duc d’Orleens et de madame Ysabel de France, ainsnée fille du roy” in 1423[1469].

m secondly (contract Chateau de l’Isle-Jourdain, Gers 30 Apr 1437) MARIE d’Armagnac, daughter of JEAN [IV] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Infanta doña Isabel de Navarra ([1420/25]-monastère des Hospitalières, Mortagne-au-Perche 25 Jul 1473, bur église collégiale de Toussaint). Père Anselme records her marriage contract dated 30 Apr 1437[1470].

Duke Jean II & his second wife had two children:

1. CATHERINE d'Alençon (-17 Jul 1505). Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII records the arrest of “Jehan duc d’Alençon” in Oct 1458, after which he confessed that English representatives had secretly visited Alençon to negotiate the marriage between “la fille du duc d’Alençon” and “le filz du duc d’Iorck”[1471]. A nun at Alençon after she was widowed. m (contract Tours 8 Jan 1461) FRANÇOIS de Laval, son of GUY [XIV] Seigneur ([Comte] de Laval & his first wife Isabelle de Bretagne (19 Nov 1435-15 Mar 1500). He succeeded his father in 1486 as GUY [XV] Comte de Laval.

2. RENE d'Alençon ([1439]-Château d’Alençon 1 Nov 1492, bur Alençon, église de Notre-Dame). Jean II Duc d’Alençon appointed a valet de chambre for “son fils René comte du Perche, alors àgé de 11 ans” dated Nov 1450[1472]. Comte du Perche. He was arrested and imprisoned in the Château de Chinon 1481, but released by King Charles VIII. RENE Duc d’Alençon. m firstly MARGUERITE d´Harcourt, daughter of GUILLAUME d´Harcourt Comte de Tancarville & his second wife Yolande de Laval (-before May 1488). m secondly (contract Toul 14 May 1488) MARGUERITE de Lorraine, daughter of FERRY II de Lorraine Comte de Vaudémont & his wife Yolande d’Anjou (1463-Argentan [1/2] Nov 1521, bur Alençon, église de Notre-Dame). Nun, later Abbess, at the convent of Sainte-Claire, Argentan (which she founded in [1500]) 11 Aug 1520. Beatified 15 Mar 1921. Duke René & his second wife had three children:

a) CHARLES d'Alençon (Alençon 2 Sep 1489-Lyon 11 Apr 1524, bur Alençon, église de Notre-Dame). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 2 Sep 1489 of “le seigneur d’Alenson”[1473]. He succeeded as CHARLES [IV] Duc d'Alençon et de Berry. He succeeded in 1497 as Comte d´Armagnac, by inheritance through his paternal grandmother. Recognized in 1515 as First Prince of the Blood. Betrothed (21 Mar 1501, papal dispensation 29 Dec 1501) to SUZANNE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE II Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne & his wife Anne de France (10 May 1491-Château de Châtellerault 28 Apr 1521, bur Priory of Souvigny). m (contract 9 Oct 1509, 2 Dec 1509) as her first husband, MARGUERITE d’Orléans, daughter of CHARLES d’Orléans Comte d'Angoulême & his wife Louise de Savoie (Château d'Angoulême, Charente 11 Apr 1492-Château d'Odos en Bigorre, near Tarbes 21 Dec 1549, bur Lescar). The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the betrothal at Blois 9 Oct 1509 of “monsieur d’Alenson” and “ma fille Marguerite”[1474]. She married secondly (contract 3 Jan 1527, Saint-Germain-en-Laye 24 Jan 1527) Enrique II titular King of Navarre. Duchess of Alençon and Comtesse du Perche for life 1 May 1525. On her death, the duchy was reunited with the crown by letters given at Fontainebleau Jan 1549.

b) FRANÇOISE d'Alençon ([1490]-Château de La Flèche en Anjou 14 Sep 1550, bur Vendôme, église Saint-Georges). Created Dss de Beaumont en Maine Sep 1543 (registered 16 Sep). Père Anselme records the contract for her first betrothal dated 28 Mar 1500 (O.S.?)[1475]. Betrothed (contract 28 Mar [1500/01]) to LOUIS d’Armagnac Duc de Nemours, son of JACQUES d´Armagnac Duc de Nemours & his wife Louise d´Anjou. m firstly (contract Blois 6 Apr 1505) FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Duc de Longueville, son of FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Comte de Dunois et de Longueville & his wife Agnes de Savoie (-Châteaudun 12 Feb 1512). m secondly (contract Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loir 18 May 1513) CHARLES de Bourbon Comte de Vendôme, son of FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Comte de Vendôme & his wife Marie de Luxembourg (Vendôme 2 Jun 1489-Amiens 25 Mar 1537, bur Vendôme, église Saint-Georges). Created Duc de Vendôme Feb 1514 (registered 6 Mar). On the death of his distant cousin (and brother-in-law) Charles IV Duc d'Alençon in 1525 he became "premier prince du sang de France".

c) ANNE d'Alençon (30 Oct 1492-Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy 12 Oct 1562). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that Guglielmo married Anna daughter of the duke of Alençon, cousin of the king of France[1476]. The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 31 Aug 1508 at Blois Saint-Sauveur of “la plus jeune fille d’Alenson” and “le marquis de Montferrat”[1477]. Dame de la Guerche. Regent of Monferrato 1518-1530. m (Blois, église Saint-Sauveur 31 Aug 1508) GUGLIELMO XI GIOVANNI Marchese di Monferrato, son of BONIFACIO III Marchese di Monferrato & his third wife Maria Branković of Serbia (Pontestura 10 Aug 1486-Casale Monferrato 4 Oct 1518).

Duke René had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

d) CHARLES bâtard d'Alençon (-1545). Père Anselme records his parentage and marriage, noting that his brother Charles confirmed property at Saint-Paul-le-Vicomte to him by charter dated 14 Oct 1517 and that Charles died in 1545[1478]. Seigneur de Cany et de Caniel 1523. m as her first husband, GERMAINE Balue, daughter of NICOLAS Balue Seigneur de Villepreux & his wife Philippa Bureau. Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages[1479]. She married secondly Claude Brinon Seigneur du Plessis-aux-Tournelles. Charles & his wife had two children:

i) MARGUERITE (-in childbirth 25 Sep 1551). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, and her death in childbirth 25 Sep 1551[1480]. Dame de Cany et de Caniel. m (13 Dec 1550) LANCELOT du Monceau Seigneur de Thignonville en Beauce, son of ---. Premier maître d’hôtel de la Reine de Navarre.

ii) ANNE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Mademoiselle de Saint-Paul. Demoiselle de Marguerite d’Orléans Duchesse d’Alençon. m (1540) NICOLAS de Bernay Seigneur de Bernay. Ecuyer trenchant de Madame la Dauphine, son of ---.

e) CHARLES bâtard d'Alençon (-1524). The primary source which confirms his parentage and marriage has not been identified. Baron de Cany. m (1505) RENEE de Beauvoisin, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her family origin and marriage has not been identified.

f) MARGUERITE bâtarde d'Alençon . Père Anselme notes the marriage contract for Marguerite’s first marriage dated 15 Jul 1485[1481]. m firstly (contract 15 Jul 1485) JACQUES de Boisguyon Seigneur de la Ronssaye, son of PHILIPPE de Boisguyon & his wife Marie de Lagogne Dame de Montdoucet. m secondly HENRI de Bournel, son of ---.

g) JACQUELINE bâtarde d'Alençon (-bur Saint-Germain-le-Désire, near Etampes). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, which was childless, and the couple’s place of burial[1482]. m GILLES des Ormes Seigneur de Saint-Germain et de Jodainville, son of --- (-1506, bur Saint-Germain-le-Désire, near Etampes). Conseiller et premier maître d’hôtel du Roi Louis XII.

Duke Jean II had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

3. JEAN bâtard d'Alençon (-after 1483). Père Anselme records his parentage, noting that King Louis XI granted him property in 1472 and that, after being imprisoned, he was among those declared innocent in 1483[1483].

4. ROBERT bâtard d'Alençon (-after 8 Dec 1498). Elected Abbé de Saint-Martin de Sées 1486. Père Anselme records his parentage, noting that René Duc d’Alençon proposed him in 1489 to the bishop of Angers to administer ”l’hôtel-Dieu de S. Julien lez le Pont de Châteaugontier”[1484]. Mauger notes his appearance “dans le tabelionage alençonnais” dated 5 Oct and 8 Dec 1498[1485].

5. JEANNE bâtarde d'Alençon (-after 4 Dec 1481). Père Anselme notes the marriage contract for Jeanne’s marriage dated 14 Nov 1470 but provides no citation reference for the document[1486]. Dame de Beaumont-le-Roger 17 Nov 1470. m (contract 14 Nov 1470) GUY de Maumont Seigneur de Saint-Quentin en La Marche, son of NICOLAS Seigneur de Maumont & his wife Catherine d’Aubusson (-siege of Dôle, Jura).

6. MADELEINE bâtarde d'Alençon (-after 16 Jan 1487). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, noting that her brother René granted property at Goulles by charter dated 16 Jan 1487[1487]. m HENRI du Breuil, son of --- (-after 16 Jan 1487).

7. MARIE bâtarde d’Alençon ([1452/53]-1501). Abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Almenêches, Orne 1472.

D. COMTES de DUNOIS, COMTES et DUCS de LONGUEVILLE

This section shows the descendants of Jean bâtard d’Orléans, illegitimate son of Louis Duc d’Orléans who was younger son of Charles V King of France. As will be seen, the family married into many of the more important families of the lesser nobility in France. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1488]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

JEAN bâtard d'Orléans, illegitimate son of LOUIS de France Duc d´Orléans & his mistress Marie d´Enghien (Paris 23 Nov 1402-L'Haye 24 Nov 1468, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Seigneur de Valbonais 1421. Comte de Vertus. “Charles duc d’Orléans et de Valois, conte de Blois et de Beaumont et seigneur de Coucy” authorised “nostre...frère Jehan Bastard d’Orléans conte de Vertus et grant chambellan de France” to sell property to pay ransom for his release from imprisonment in England by charter dated 2 Apr 1437[1489]. Comte de Dunois 1439. Comte de Longueville 1443. Jean Chartier’s Chronique de Charles VII notes an appointment involving “Monseigneur Jehan bastard d’Orléans conte de Dunois et de Longueville”, dated to May 1451 from the context[1490]. The testament of “Jehan conte de Dunoys et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 3/4 Oct 1463, requested burial “en l’esglize de Nostre Dame de Cléry”, donated property for masses “en l’esglize de Mervent” for the soul of “leur fille Jehanne, enterrée en icelle esglize”, disinherited “leur fille...Marie” who broke her vow to become a nun “en l’ordre de religion de sainte Clere” and “occultement et clandestinement s’est liée et promise par mariage à Loys soy portant bastard de Borbon”, granted “la seigneurie et baronnye de Geay estant au pays de Savoye” to “damoiselle Kathelline leur fille”, and named as universal heir “Francoys monsieur leur fils...”[1491]. The holographic testament of “Jehan conte de Dunois et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 29 Sep 1468, requested burial “en l’Esglize de Nostre Dame de Cléry” next to “[le] corps...[de] Marye de Harcourt, ma bonne seur et compaigne”, and made various minor bequests[1492].

m firstly (Bourges Apr 1422) MARIE Louvet, daughter of JEAN Louvet Seigneur d’Aigualières, Seigneur de Thays, de Salinière et de Mirandol, Président de Provence & his wife Madeleine de la Gave (-before Oct 1436). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[1493]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified.

m secondly (contract 6 Oct 1436, 16 Nov 1439) MARIE d’Harcourt, daughter of JACQUES [II] d’Harcourt Baron de Montgommery & his second wife Marguerite de Melun Ctss de Tancarville (-Chousay-sur-Loire 1 Sep 1464, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Père Anselme records her marriage contract dated 6 Oct 1436[1494]. Her place of burial is confirmed by her husband’s 29 Sep 1468 testament.

Jean & his second wife had five children:

1. JEAN d’Orléans (Château de Beaugency 1444-after 27 Aug 1450).

2. FRANÇOIS d’Orléans (1447-Châteaudun 25 Nov 1491, bur Notre-Dame de Cléry). The testament of “Jehan conte de Dunoys et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 3/4 Oct 1463, named as universal heir “Francoys monsieur leur fils...”[1495]. Comte de Dunois et de Longueville. He succeeded Jeanne d’Harcourt (his maternal cousin) in 1488 as Comte de Tancarville et de Montgommery[1496]. m (contract Montargis 2 Jul 1466) AGNES de Savoie, daughter of LOUIS I Duke of Savoy & his wife Anne of Cyprus (1445-Paris 15 Mar 1508, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Louis XI King of France granted property to "Francesco d'Orleans Conte di Dannois e di Longueville" in contemplation of his marriage to "la principessa Agnese figlia del Duca Ludovico di Savoia" by charter dated 2 Jul 1466[1497]. François & his wife had four children:

a) ANNE d’Orléans (-[Jun] 1499). The date of her marriage, compared with the dates of the marriages of her two brothers, suggests that Anne was her parents’ oldest child. m (contract Vienne 10 Aug 1494) as his first wife, ANDRE [IV] de Chauvigny Seigneur de Chauvigny et de Châteauroux, Vicomte de Brosse, son of FRANÇOIS de Chauvigny Seigneur de Châteauroux, Vicomte de Brosse & his wife Jeanne de Laval Dame de Retz [Rays] et de la Suse (-14 Jan 1502, bur Argenton église des Cordeliers).

b) FRANÇOIS d’Orléans (-Châteaudun 12 Feb 1512). Letters of King Charles VIII dated 11 Dec 1491 at Tours name “[ses] cousins et cousines François, Louis et Anne d’Orléans et autres enfans délaissez et procréez de feu son oncle le comte de Dunois...encore mineurs d’ans ou à naître” and their mother, confirm that Jean was not yet born at the time[1498]. Comte de Dunois et de Longueville. Duc de Longueville May 1505. m (contract Blois 6 Apr 1505) as her first husband, FRANÇOISE d’Alençon, daughter of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his second wife Marguerite de Lorraine ([1490]-Château de La Flèche en Anjou 14 Sep 1550, bur Vendôme, église Saint-Georges). She married secondly (contract Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loir 18 May 1513) Charles de Bourbon Comte de Vendôme. François & his wife had two children:

i) RENEE d’Orléans ([1507/08]-Paris, église des Celestins 23 May 1515). Ctss de Dunois, de Tancarville et de Montgommery.

ii) JACQUES d’Orléans (-young, bur Châteaudun, église abbatiale de la Madeleine).

c) LOUIS d’Orléans (-Beaugency 1 Aug 1516). Letters of King Charles VIII dated 11 Dec 1491 at Tours name “[ses] cousins et cousines François, Louis et Anne d’Orléans et autres enfans délaissez et procréez de feu son oncle le comte de Dunois...encore mineurs d’ans ou à naître” and their mother, confirm that Jean was not yet born at the time[1499]. On the death of his niece in 1515, Louis succeeded to her territories and titles, from which time he was referred to as Duc de Longueville.

- see below.

d) JEAN d’Orléans (Parthenay posthumously after 11 Dec 1491-Tarascon 24 Sep 1533). Père Anselme states that letters of King Charles VIII dated 11 Dec 1491 at Tours, naming “[ses] cousins et cousines François, Louis et Anne d’Orléans et autres enfans délaissez et procréez de feu son oncle le comte de Dunois...encore mineurs d’ans ou à naître” and their mother, confirm that Jean was not yet born at the time[1500]. Seigneur de Beaugency. Archbishop of Toulouse 1503. Bishop of Orlèans 1521.

3. MARIE d’Orléans (-after 13 Dec 1499). The testament of “Jehan conte de Dunoys et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 3/4 Oct 1463, disinherited “leur fille...Marie” who broke her vow to become a nun “en l’ordre de religion de sainte Clere” and “occultement et clandestinement s’est liée et promise par mariage à Loys soy portant bastard de Borbon”[1501]. Père Anselme records that Marie d’Orléans “se fit enlever par Louis bâtard de Bourbon” and was disinherited by the testament dated 3 Oct 1463 of her parents who arranged the annulment of the marriage contract “entr’elle et son ravisseur” by judgment at Avignon 16 Apr 1464[1502]. [m] (contract before 1463, annulled 16 Apr 1464) LOUIS bâtard de Bourbon, illegitimate son of CHARLES Duc de Bourbon & his mistress Jeanne de Bournan (-Valognes.Manches Jan 1487, bur église Saint-François). m (contract 16 Aug 1466) LOUIS de la Haye Seigneur de Beaumont, son of JEAN de la Haye Seigneur de Passavant et de Mortagne & his wife Isabelle de Blâmont (-before 1496).

4. CATHERINE d’Orléans ([1449]-Bray-sur-Seine 30 May 1501). The testament of “Jehan conte de Dunoys et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 3/4 Oct 1463, granted “la seigneurie et baronnye de Geay estant au pays de Savoye” to “damoiselle Kathelline leur fille”[1503]. m (contracts 16 May 1468 and 14 Feb 1469) JEAN de Commercy Comte de Roucy, son of ROBERT Seigneur de Commercy [Saarbrücken] & his wife Jeanne Ctss de Roucy et de Braine (-Château de Montaigu en Laonnois 19 Jun 1497, bur Montmirail).

5. JEANNE d’Orléans (-bur Mervent). The testament of “Jehan conte de Dunoys et de Longueville, seigneur de Partenay”, dated 3/4 Oct 1463, donated property for masses “en l’esglize de Mervent” for the soul of “leur fille Jehanne, enterrée en icelle esglize”[1504]. The source which confirms her date of birth has not been identified so the order of her birth among her parents’ children is unknown.

Jean had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

6. JEAN d’Orléans bâtard de Dunois (-after [Sep] 1508). Père Anselme states that accounts of “Jean Lallemant receveur general des finances de Normandie” for the year starting Jan 1492 record payments to “Jean d’Orléans bâtard de Dunois” and that the accounts of “Jean de la Forge receveur des finances en Picardie” for the year ending Sep 1508 record his employment “comme écuyer”[1505].

LOUIS d'Orléans, son of FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Comte de Dunois et de Longueville & his wife Agnes de Savoie (-Beaugency 1 Aug 1516). Letters of King Charles VIII dated 11 Dec 1491 at Tours name “[ses] cousins et cousines François, Louis et Anne d’Orléans et autres enfans délaissez et procréez de feu son oncle le comte de Dunois...encore mineurs d’ans ou à naître” and their mother, confirm that Jean was not yet born at the time[1506]. Marquis de Rothelin. Comte souverain de Neuchâtel 1504-1513. On the death of his niece in 1515, Louis succeeded to her territories and titles, from which time he was referred to as Duc de Longueville.

m (3 Nov 1504) JEANNE de Hachberg Marquise de Rothelin, Ctss de Neuchâtel, daughter of PHILIPPE Comte de Neuchâtel, Marquis de Rothelin, Markgraf von Hachberg-Sausenberg & his wife Marie de Savoie (-Epoisses 21 Sep 1543, bur Dijon église des Jacobins). She succeeded her father in 1503 as Ctss de Neuchâtel. Jeanne also claimed succession to Röteln (in Baden, known as “Rothelin” in French), but under mutual testaments (confirmed 1499 by Emperor Maximilian I) her father and Christoph Markgraf von Baden had agreed that the survivor would inherit the other’s Baden properties. This result was confirmed by judgment after Philipp Markgraf von Hachberg died. Jeanne continued to use the bare title “Marquise de Rothelin” [Markgräfin von Röteln] but was denied possession of the territory[1507]. Jeanne claimed succession to the principality of Orange: her paternal grandmother Marguerite de Vienne was daughter of Alix de Chalon, older daughter of Jean de Chalon Prince d’Orange and his wife Marie de Baux Pss d’Orange, whose testaments appointed Alix as substitute heir in case of failure of the male line of their two sons (which occurred with the death in 1530 of Philibert de Chalon Prince d’Orange). A judgment dated 20 Nov 1553 ended lengthy litigation and ordered Willem “the Silent” Graf von Nassau, Prince d’Orange (who had taken Orange) to transfer possession of the principality to Jeanne’s descendants (which he failed to do)[1508].

Louis & his wife had four children:

1. CLAUDE d’Orléans ([1507]-killed siege of Pavia 9 Nov 1524). He succeeded his father in 1516 as Duc de Longueville, Comte de Montgommery et de Tancarville, Prince de Châtelaillon, Vicomte d’Abbeville, pair de France. Claude had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) CLAUDE d’Orléans bâtard de Longueville (-after Dec 1553). A document dated Nov/Dec 1553 records a debt owed by “Philippe Dubois sieur de la Haye” to “Claude d’Orléans bâtard de Longueville, écuyer d’écurie de Jacqueline de Rohan”[1509]. m MARIE de La Boissière, daughter of ---. Lainé records her family origin and marriage (no sources cited)[1510]. Claude & his wife had one child:

i) JACQUELINE d’Orléans ([1549/50[1511]]-[1603]). m (1575) PIERRE [III] de Brizay Seigneur de Denonville, son of FRANÇOIS de Brizay & his wife Marie Hémard [1512] [de Denonville] (1523-1582[1513]).

2. LOUIS d’Orléans (Blandy 5 Jun 1510-[Rouen] 9 Jun 1537). He succeeded his brother in 1524 as Duc de Longueville, Comte de Montgommery et de Tancarville, Prince de Châtelaillon, Vicomte d’Abbeville, pair de France. m (Paris 4 Aug 1534) as her first husband, MARIE de Guise, daughter of CLAUDE de Lorraine Duc de Guise & his wife Antoinette de Bourbon-Vendôme (Bar-le-Duc 22 Nov 1515-Edinburgh Castle 10/11 Jun 1560, bur Reims Cathedral). She married secondly (by proxy Châteaudun 9 May 1538, in person St. Andrews Cathedral, Fife 12 Jun 1538) as his second wife, James V King of Scotland. She was crowned Queen of Scotland 22 Feb 1540 at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. Louis & his wife had two children:

a) FRANÇOIS d’Orléans (Châteaudun 30 Oct 1535-Amiens 22 Sep 1551, bur Dunois Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father in 1537 as Duc de Longueville, Comte de Montgommery et de Tancarville, Prince de Châtelaillon, Vicomte d’Abbeville, pair de France. He was known as “le petit duc”.

b) LOUIS d’Orléans (posthumously Châteaudun 4 Aug 1536-Châteaudun 7 Dec 1536, bur Dunois Sainte-Chapelle).

3. CHARLOTTE d’Orléans (1 Nov 1512-Dijon 8 Sep 1549). m (22 Dec 1528) PHILIPPE de Savoie Comte de Genève, son of PHILIPPE I Duke of Savoy & his second wife Claudine de Bresse Ctss de Penthièvre (1490-Marseille 25 Nov 1533, bur Notre-Dame d´Annecy). Duc de Nemours 1528, when François I King of France invested him with the duchy on his marriage.

4. FRANÇOIS d’Orléans (Châteaudun 11 Mar 1513-Châteaudun 25 Oct 1548, bur Châteaudun). He succeeded his mother as Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, titular Marquis de Rothelin. m (Lyon 19 Jul 1536) JACQUELINE de Rohan, daughter of CHARLES de Rohan Seigneur de Gyé et du Verger, Vicomte de Fronsac & his second wife Jeanne de Saint-Séverin ([1520]-Blandy Jul 1587, bur Blandy). Regent of Neuchâtel for her son 1551-1560. Mistress (1): FRANÇOISE Blosset Dame de Colombières et du Plessis-Pâté, daughter of JEAN Blosset Seigneur et Baron de Torcy & his wife Anne de Cugnac de Dampierre. She married Jean de Briqueville Seigneur de Colombières. François & his wife had two children:

a) LEONOR d’Orléans ([1540]-Blois 7 Aug 1573, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father as Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, titular Marquis de Rothelin. He succeeded his first cousin in 1551 as Duc de Longueville, Comte de Montgommery et de Tancarville, Prince de Châtelaillon, Vicomte d’Abbeville et de Melun, pair de France.

- see below.

b) FRANÇOISE d’Orléans (posthumously Châteaudun 5 Apr 1549-Hôtel de Soissons, Paris 11 Jun 1601, bur Gaillon, église des Chartreux). m (contract Vendôme 8 Nov 1565) as his second wife, LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Condé, son of CHARLES de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme & his wife Françoise d'Alençon (Château de Vendôme 7 May 1530-killed in battle Jarnac 13 Mar 1569, bur Valléry).

François had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

c) FRANÇOIS d’Orléans bâtard de Longueville (-1600, bur Neaufles). Baron de Varenguebec et de Neaufles 30 Dec 1563. Titular Marquis de Rothelin before Feb 1582. m (2 Feb 1582) CATHERINE du Val, daughter of TRISTAN du Val Vicomte de Corbeil, Seigneur de Fontenay & his wife Madeleine de Saint-André (-after 1609).

- MARQUIS de ROTHELIN[1514].

LEONOR d’Orléans, son of FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Marquis de Rothelin, Comte-prince de Neuchâtel et de Valangin & his wife Jacqueline de Rohan-Gié ([1540]-Blois 7 Aug 1573, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father as Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, titular Marquis de Rothelin. He succeeded his first cousin in 1551 as Duc de Longueville, Comte de Dunois, de Montgommery et de Tancarville, Prince de Châtelaillon, Vicomte d’Abbeville et de Melun, pair de France.

m (contract 2 Jul 1563) as her third husband, MARIE de Bourbon Duchesse d’Estouteville, widow firstly of JEAN de Bourbon Comte de Soissons et d’Enghien and secondly of FRANÇOIS Duc de Nevers, daughter of FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Duc d’Estouteville, Comte de Saint-Pol et de Chaumont & his wife Adrienne d’Estouteville Duchesse d’Estouteville (La Fère en Picardie 30 May 1539-Pontoise 7 Apr 1601, bur Valmont).

Léonor & his wife had nine children:

1. CHARLES d’Orléans ([1564]-young).

2. CHARLES d’Orléans ([1565]-young).

3. MARGUERITE d’Orléans ([1566]-13 Sep 1615, bur Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). Mademoiselle d’Estouteville.

4. HENRI d’Orléans (1568-Amiens 29 Mar/8 Apr 1595, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father in 1573 as Duc de Longueville, Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, Comte de Dunois et de Tancarville. m (contract Paris 28 Feb 1588, in person Paris 1 Mar 1588) CATHERINE Gonzaga de Nevers Dame de Coulommiers, daughter of LODOVICO Gonzaga Duc de Nevers et de Rethel & his wife Henriette de Clèves Duchesse de Nevers et de Rethel (21 Jan 1568-Paris 1 Dec 1629, bur Carmélites de la rue Chapon, Paris). Henri & his wife had one child:

a) HENRI d’Orléans (27 Apr 1595-Rouen 11 May 1663, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father in 1595 as Duc de Longueville, Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, Comte de Dunois et de Tancarville.

- see below.

5. LEONOR d’Orléans (-young).

6. FRANÇOIS d’Orléans (-Châteauneuf-sur-Loire 7 Oct 1631, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). Comte de Saint-Pol, pair de France. Duc de Château-Thierry. Duc de Fronsac Jan 1608. m (contract Paris 16 Jan 1595) as her second husband, ANNE de Caumont Marquise de Fronsac, widow of HENRI d’Escars Prince de Carency, daughter of GEOFFROY de Caumont Seigneur de Caumont & his wife Marguerite de Lustrac Marquise de Fronsac (Château de Gavaudun 19 Jun 1574-Paris 17 Jun 1642, bur Couvent des filles de Saint-Thomas, porte de Montmartre). François & his wife had two children:

a) child (1600-young).

b) LEONOR d’Orléans (Amiens 20 May 1604-killed siege of Montpellier 3 Sep 1622, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle).

7. CATHERINE d’Orléans (-Paris 29 Sep 1638). Mademoiselle de Longueville.

8. ELEONORE d’Orléans . m (Rouen 1596) CHARLES Goyon de Matignon Seigneur de Matignon et de Lesparre, Comte de Torigni, de Gacé et de La Selle, Prince de Mortagne, son of JACQUES [II] Goyon de Matignon Seigneur de Matignon et de Lesparre, Prince de Mortagne & his wife Françoise de Daillon du Lude (Torigni-sur-Vire 1564-Torigni-sur-Vire 2 Jun 1648, bur Torigni-sur-Vire).

9. ANTOINETTE d’Orléans (Château de Trie, Trie-Château 1572-Poitiers 25 Apr 1618, bur Calvaire de Machecoul). Dame de Château-Gontier. Nun at the monastery des feuillantines de Toulouse Oct 1599. Prioress 10 May 1604. m (contact Château de Trie 6 Sep 1587, in person Paris 1 Mar 1588) CHARLES de Gondi Marquis de Belle-Ile, son of ALBERT de Gondi Duc de Retz, Marquis de Belle-Ile, pair et maréchal de France & his wife Claude Catherine de Clermont Baronne de Retz, Dame de Dampierre (1569-killed Mont Saint-Michel 22 May 1596, bur Machecoul).

HENRI d’Orléans, son of HENRI d’Orléans Duc de Longueville & his wife Catherine Gonzaga de Nevers Dame de Coulommiers (27 Apr 1595-Rouen 11 May 1663, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle). He succeeded his father in 1595 as Duc de Longueville, Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, Comte de Dunois et de Tancarville.

m firstly (contract Paris 5 Mar 1617, in person Paris 30 Apr 1617) LOUISE de Bourbon, daughter of CHARLES de Bourbon Comte de Soissons et de Dreux & his wife Anne Comtesse de Montafié et de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paris 7 Feb 1603-Paris 9 Sep 1637, bur covent des Carmélites de la rue Chapon, Paris).

m secondly (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 2 Jun 1642) ANNE GENEVIEVE de Bourbon, daughter of HENRI [II] de Bourbon Prince de Condé & his wife Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency (Château de Vincennes 27 Aug 1619-Paris, Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques 15 Apr 1679, bur Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris).

Mistress (1): JACQUELINE d’Illiers, daughter of --- (-after 1650).

Henri & his first wife had one child:

1. MARIE ANNE d’Orléans (Paris 5 Mar 1625-Paris 16 Jun 1707, bur Carmélites du rue Chapon, Paris). Mademoiselle de Longueville. She succeeded as Duchesse d'Estouteville, Comtesse de Saint-Pol, de Dunois et de Tancarville. She succeeded her brother in 1694 as Comtesse-souveraine de Neuchâtel et de Valangin. m (Trie 22 May 1657) HENRI de Savoie Duc de Nemours, son of HENRI de Savoie Duc de Nemours & his wife Anne d’Aumâle Duchesse d’Aumâle (Paris 2 Nov 1625-Paris 14 Jan 1659, bur Annecy).

Henri & his second wife had four children:

2. CHARLOTTE LOUISE d’Orléans (Paris 4 Feb 1644-Paris 30 Apr 1645, bur Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). Mademoiselle de Dunois.

3. JEAN LOUIS CHARLES d’Orléans (Paris 12 Jan 1646-Abbaye royale de Saint-Georges, Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville 4 Feb 1694). Comte de Dunois. He succeeded his father in 1663 as Duc de Longueville, Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, Comte de Dunois, de Tancarville et de Saint-Pol. He was forced to renounce his rights in favour of his brother due to mental incapacity, confirmed 24 Feb 1671[1515]. He was ordained as a Jesuit priest in Rome in Dec 1669. His mother had him confined at the abbey of Chezal-Benoît in Sep 1671.

4. MARIE GABRIELLE d’Orléans (1646-1650, bur Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). Mademoiselle de Dunois.

5. CHARLES PARIS d’Orléans (Paris 29 Jan 1649-near Tolhuis, Gelre 12 Jun 12 Jun 1672, bur Célestins de Paris). He succeeded his brother in 1671 as Duc de Longueville et d’Estouteville, Prince-souverain de Neuchâtel et de Valangin, Comte de Dunois, de Tancarville et de Saint-Pol. Mistress (1): MADELEINE d’Angennes Dame de la Loupe, daughter of CHARLES d’Angennes Seigneur de la Loupe & his wife Marie du Raynier (1629-16 Mar 1714). She married (Château de Fresnes 25 Apr 1655) Henri Seigneur de Saint-Nectaire Duc de la Ferté, pair et maréchal de France. Charles Paris had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) CHARLES LOUIS d’Orléans (-killed siege of Philippsburg, Baden 1 Nov 1688). Legitimated 7 Sep 1672.

Henri had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

6. CATHERINE ANGELIQUE d’Orléans ([1616/17]-Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l’Aumone 16 Jul 1664). Legitimated May 1634.

Chapter 3. KINGS OF FRANCE (BOURBON)

A. DUCS de VENDÔME

The Bourbon-Vendôme family became senior male representatives of the Capet dynasty, after the king and his immediate family, on the death in 1525 of Charles Duc d’Alençon. Charles de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme was then “premier prince de sang de France”. He was succeeded in 1527 by his son Antoine, although at that time there seemed no reason to suppose that the family of François I King of France would not continue to produce male heirs who would assure the succession to the French throne. When Antoine’s son Henri succeeded as Duc de Vendôme in 1562, the assumption was presumably that the young Charles IX King of France and his two brothers would all marry, produce male heirs, and that the Valois dynasty would continue to rule France. By the mid-1580s, it seemed unlikely that this would prove to be the case. Henri Duc de Vendôme (and king of Navarre) was the next male heir to the throne and, when King Henri III was assassinated in 1589, succeeded as Henri IV King of France. The reconstruction shown below is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources which justify the information[1516]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

CHARLES de Bourbon, son of FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Comte de Vendôme & his wife Marie de Luxembourg (Vendôme 2 Jun 1489-Amiens 25 Mar 1537, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). Comte de Vendôme. Created Duc de Vendôme Feb 1514 (registered 6 Mar). On the death of his distant cousin (and brother-in-law) Charles IV Duc d'Alençon in 1525 he became "premier prince du sang de France".

m (contract Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loir 18 May 1513) as her second husband, FRANÇOISE d’Alençon, widow of FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Duc de Longueville, daughter of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his second wife Marguerite de Lorraine ([1490]-Château de La Flèche en Anjou 14 Sep 1550, bur Vendôme, église Saint-Georges).

Mistress (1): NICOLE de Board, daughter of ---. Père Anselme names “Nicole de Board de la ville de Gand” as the mother of Duke Charles’s illegitimate son “Nicolas-Charles de Bourbon et de Board” but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1517].

Charles & his wife had thirteen children:

1. LOUIS de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 23 Sep 1514-Château de Vendôme 7 Apr 1516, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges).

2. MARIE de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 29 Oct 1515-Château de la Fère en Picardie 28 Sep 1538, bur Soissons Notre-Dame). Betrothed (1535) to JAMES V King of Scotland, son of JAMES IV King of Scotland & his wife Margaret Tudor (Linlithgow palace, Fife 15 Apr 1512-Falkland castle 14 Dec 1542).

3. MARGUERITE de Bourbon (Nogent 26 Oct 1516-Château de La Chapelle d’Angillon en Berry 20 Oct 1589, bur Nevers cathedral). m (contract Château du Louvre, Paris 19 Jan 1538) as his first wife, FRANÇOIS Comte de Nevers, son of CHARLES Comte de Nevers et de Rethel [Kleve] & his wife Marie d’Albret Ctss de Rethel (Cussy-sur-Loire 2 Sep 1516-Nevers 13 Feb 1562). He was created Duc de Nevers at Paris in Jan 1538.

4. ANTOINE de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 22 Apr 1518-Les Andelys 17 Nov 1562, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). Comte de Marle. Comte de Beaumont. He succeeded his father in 1537 as Duc de Vendôme, "premier prince du sang de France". He succeeded in 1555 as ANTOINE King of Navarre, by right of his wife. Created Duc d'Albret, pair de France 1 Dec 1556, registered 11 Jan 1557. He died from wounds received at the siege of Rouen. m (Moulins en Bourbonnais, Allier 20 Oct 1548) as her second husband, Infanta doña JUANA de Navarra d'Albret, formerly wife of WILHELM "der Reiche" Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, daughter of ENRIQUE (II) titular King of Navarre & his wife Marguerite d’Orléans Dss de Berry (Pau 7 Jan 1528-murdered Paris, Hôtel du Prince de Condé 9 Jun 1572, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). She succeeded her father in 1555 as JUANA (III) titular Queen of Navarre, Pss de Béarn, Ctss de Foix. She converted to the Swiss Reformed Church in 1560. Antoine & his wife had five children:

a) HENRI de Bourbon (Coucy 21 Sep 1551-Château de La Flèche en Anjou 20 Aug 1553, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). Duc de Beaumont.

b) LOUIS CHARLES de Bourbon (Château de Gaillon 19 Feb 1553-Mont-de-Marsan 1557, bur Alençon Notre-Dame). Comte de Marle.

c) HENRI de Bourbon (Château de Pau, Béarn 13 Dec 1553-assassinated Paris 14 May 1610, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). On his birth, he bore the title Comte de Viane. He became Prince de Navarre 24 May 1555 on the death of his grandfather Henri d’Albret King of Navarre. He succeeded his father in 1562 as Duc de Vendôme, “premier prince de sang de France”. He succeeded his mother 9 Jun 1572 as ENRIQUE [III] titular King of Navarre. On the death of his very distant cousin Henri III King of France 2 Aug 1589, he was recognised as HENRI IV King of France and Navarre.

- KINGS of FRANCE (BOURBON).

d) MADELEINE de Bourbon (Nérac 12 Apr 1556-25 Apr 1556).

e) CATHERINE de Bourbon (Paris 7 Feb 1559-Nancy 13 Feb 1604, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). m (contract Château de Monceaux 13 Jul 1598, Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Jan 1599) as his first wife, HENRI de Lorraine Duc de Bar, son of CHARLES II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Claude de France (Nancy 8 Nov 1563-Nancy 31 Jul 1624, bur Nancy Saint-Georges). He succeeded his father in 1608 as HENRI II “le Bon” Duke of Lorraine.

5. FRANÇOIS de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 23 Sep 1519-Château de La Rocheguyon 23 Feb 1545, bur Vendôme Saint-Georges). Comte d’Enghien.

6. MADELEINE de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 3 Feb 1521-after 18 Nov 1561). Père Anselme records the birth of Madeleine 3 Feb 1520[1518]. The birth dates of her siblings indicate that this date must be O.S. Abbess of Poitiers Sainte-Croix.

7. LOUIS de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 3 May 1522-Château de la Fère en Picardie 25 Jun 1525, bur church of Saint-Montain).

8. CHARLES de Bourbon (La Ferté-sous-Jouarre 22 Dec 1523-Fontenay-le-Comte 9 May 1590, bur Chartreuse de Gaillon). Bishop of Nevers 1540. Bishop of Saintes 1544. Cardinal 1548. Archbishop of Rouen 1550. Bishop of Beauvais 1572. Charles had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) --- Poullain (-after 16 Mar 1595). King Henri IV granted money to “le sieur Poullain, fils naturel de feu M. le Cardinal de Bourbon son oncle” dated 16 Mar 1595[1519].

9. CATHERINE de Bourbon (Château de Deffans 18 Sep 1525-Hôtel de Guise, Paris 27 Apr 1594, bur Soissons Notre-Dame). Abbess of Soissons Notre-Dame.

10. RENEE de Bourbon (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 6 Feb 1527-Chelles 9 Feb 1583). Père Anselme records the birth of Renée 6 Feb 1527[1520]. In contrast to his report of the birth of Renée’s sister Madeleine (see above), the birth dates of her siblings indicate that this date must be N.S. Abbess of Chelles.

11. JEAN de Bourbon (Château de la Fère en Picardie 6 Jul 1528-killed in battle Saint-Quentin 10 Aug 1557). m (contract 14 Jun 1557) as her first husband, his first cousin, MARIE de Bourbon Duchesse d’Estouteville, daughter of FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Duc d’Estouteville & his wife Adrienne d’Estouteville Dss d’Estouteville (La Fère en Picardie 30 May 1539-Pontoise 7 Apr 1601, bur Vallemont). She married secondly (contract 2 Oct 1560) as his second wife, François Comte de Nevers. She married thirdly (contract 2 Jul 1563) Léonor d’Orléans Duc de Longueville. Jean had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

a) --- Valency ([before 1548]-killed in battle Bourges [Jan/22 Aug] 1562). A letter from “[le] sieur le Conte de Voisinlieu” to “M. de Gonor, surintendant des finances”, dated 22 Aug 1562, records that “N--- de Valency, bâtard de feu M. d’Enguyen” was killed “devant Bourges assiegée par l’armée du roy en 1562”[1521]. This date suggests that this person must have been born when his father was still in his teenage years.

12. LOUIS de Bourbon (Château de Vendôme 7 May 1530-killed in battle Jarnac 13 Mar 1569, bur Valléry). Prince de Condé, Marquis de Conti, Comte de Soissons.

- PRINCES de CONDE, COMTES de SOISSONS, PRINCES de CONTI[1522].

13. ELEONORE de Bourbon (Château du Louvre, Paris 18 Jan [1532/33]-Fontevraud 26 Mar 1611, bur Fontevraud). Père Anselme records the birth of Eléonore 18 Jan 1532[1523]. As Eléonore was her parents’ youngest child, it cannot be assessed from the birth dates of her siblings whether this date was O.S. or N. S. Abbess of Fontevraud.

Charles had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

14. NICOLAS CHARLES de Bourbon de Board (-after 1565). Père Anselme records that “Nicolas-Charles de Bourbon et de Board, fils naturel de Charles duc de Vendôme et de Nicole de Board de la ville de Gand” was alive in 1565 and had “Jacques, Michel-Charles, Nicolas, Christophe, Marguerite et Jeanne de Bourbon de Board” by “Jeanne de Bordeix et de Rahers” but does not cite any primary source on which this information is based[1524].

B. KINGS of FRANCE 1589-1792, 1814-1830

This section shows the development of the French monarchy after the succession of Henri IV until the French revolution and the short-lived restoration of the Bourbons which followed the defeat of Emperor Napoleon. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1525]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

HENRI de Bourbon, son of ANTOINE de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme, King of Navarre & his wife Juana [III] d’Albret titular Queen of Navarre (Château de Pau, Béarn 13 Dec 1553-assassinated Paris 14 May 1610, bur Saint-Denis). On his birth, he bore the title of Conde de Viana. He became Principe de Navarra 24 May 1555 on the death of his grandfather Enrique [II] d’Albret titular King of Navarre. He succeeded his mother 9 Jun 1572 as ENRIQUE [III] titular King of Navarre. On the death of his father, he became premier prince de sang de France. On the death of his very distant cousin Henri III King of France 2 Aug 1589, he was recognised as HENRI IV King of France.

m firstly (Palais du Louvre 17 Aug 1572 in front of Notre Dame de Paris 18 Aug 1572, separated 1578, marriage annulled by the Pope 17 Dec 1599) MARGUERITE de France, daughter of HENRI II King of France & his wife Caterina de’ Medici (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 May 1553-dans son hotel Faubourg Saint-Germain, Paris 27 Mar 1615, bur Saint-Denis). After the annulment of her marriage, she was called “la Reine Marguerite duchesse de Valois”.

m secondly (by proxy Florence 5 Oct 1600, in person cathedral of Saint-Jean, Lyon 27 Dec 1600) MARIA de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany, daughter of FRANCESCO I Grand Duke of Tuscany & his first wife Johanna Archduchess of Austria (Florence 26 Apr 1575-Köln 3 Jul 1642, bur Saint-Denis). She was created Dss de Bourbon, d'Auvergne et de Berry, Ctss de Clermont, de la Marche et de Forez 25 Jul 1611. Called “la Reine-mère” after the arrival in 1615 of Anne d’Autriche, wife of her son King Louis XIII, in France. Regent of France during the minority of her son Louis XIII 15 May 1610-24 Apr 1617. Discontented with Cardinal Richelieu, she left France in 1631 and settled first in Brussels, later in Holland, England and Germany.

Mistress (1): FRANÇOISE de Montmorency dite la Belle Fosseuse, daughter of PIERRE de Montmorency Marquis de Thury, Comte de Châteauvillain, Baron de Fosseux & his wife Jacqueline d’Avaugour Dame de Courtalain Ctss de Châteauvillain (1562 or [1564/1566]- ---). m François du Broc Seigneur de Saint-Mars, de la Pile et du Broc, son of Mathurin de Broc & his wife Louise de Lavardin.

Mistress (2): DIANE d’Andouins dite Corisande, Comtesse de Louvigny, daughter & heiress of PAUL d’Andouins Comte de Louvigny & his wife Marguerite de Cauna ([1554/5]-Château de Hagetmau Feb 1620). m (Château de Bidache 21 Nov 1568) Philibert de Gramont chevalier, Seigneur et Baron de Gramont, Comte de Guiche (Château de Bidache 22 Aug 1552-killed at siege of La Fère 6 Aug 1580, bur Bidache).

Mistress (3): GABRIELLE d’Estrées Mademoiselle de Liancourt, daughter of ANTOINE d’Estrées Marquis de Cœvres & his wife Françoise Babou de la Bourdaisière (Château de la Bourdaisière, near Montlouis, Indre et Loire [1571]-Paris 10 Apr 1599). Marquise de Monceaux, marquise de Verneuil 1595. Duchesse de Beaufort 10 Jul 1597. m (1591, separated 1594) Nicolas d’Amerval Seigneur de Liancourt et de Sérifontaine.

Mistress (4): CATHERINE HENRIETTE de Balsac d’Entragues, daughter of FRANÇOIS de Balsac Seigneur d’Entragues & his second wife Marie Touchet [mistress of Charles IX King of France] (Orléans 1579-Paris 9 Feb 1633). Marquise de Verneuil 11 Aug 1599.

Mistress (5): JACQUELINE de Bueil, daughter of CLAUDE de Bueil Seigneur de Courcillon & his wife Catherine de Montecler ([1580]-Vardes Oct 1651). Comtesse de Moret Dec 1604. m firstly (Oct 1604, separated 1607) Philippe de Harlay Comte de Césy. m secondly (1617) René du Bec Marquis de Vardes.

Mistress (6): CHARLOTTE des Essarts mademoiselle de La Haye, daughter of FRANÇOIS des Essarts Seigneur de Sautour [Lieutenant General of Champagne] & his second wife Charlotte de la Harley-Chanvallon. Comtesse de Romorantin. m (14 Nov 1630) François de l'Hôpital, Maréchal de France.

Henri IV & his second wife had six children:

1. LOUIS de France (Château de Fontainebleau 27 Sep 1601-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 May 1643, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. He succeeded his father in 1610 as LOUIS XIII King of France.

- see below.

2. ELISABETH de France dite Madame (Fontainebleau 22 Nov 1602-Madrid 6 Oct 1644, bur El Escorial). m (by proxy, church of Saint-André, Bordeaux, in person Burgos 25 Nov 1615) as his first wife, Infante don FELIPE of Spain Principe de Asturias, son of FELIPE III King of Spain & his wife Margareta Archduchess of Austria (Valladolid 8 Apr 1605-Alcazar de Madrid 17 Sep 1665, bur El Escorial). He succeeded his father in 1621 as FELIPE IV King of Spain, King of Naples and Sicily, and FELIPE III King of Portugal.

3. CHRISTINE [Chrétienne] de France (Palais du Louvre, Paris 10 Feb 1606-Turin 27 Dec 1663, bur Vercelli). She was called successively “la petite Madame”, “Madame Chrétienne”, and (from 1615, after the marriage of her older sister) “Madame”. After her marriage, she was called “Madame Royale”. Regent of Piemonte on the death of her husband. m (Palais du Louvre, Paris 10 Feb 1619) VICTOR AMEDEE de Savoie Principe di Piemonte, son of CHARLES EMMANUEL I "le Grand" Duke of Savoy & his wife Infanta doña Caterina Micaela of Spain (Turin 8 May 1587-Vercelli, Piemonte 7 Oct 1637, bur Vercelli). He succeeded his father in 1630 as VICTOR AMEDEE I Duke of Savoy.

4. [NICOLAS] de France (Château de Fontainebleau 16 Apr 1607-Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 17 Nov 1611, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Orléans. He was called “Monsieur” after the death of his father.

5. GASTON de France (Château de Fontainebleau 25 Apr 1608-Château de Blois 2 Feb 1660, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou 24 May 1608. He was called “Monsieur d’Anjou”, “Monsieur” from 1611 to 1643, and afterwards “Monseigneur le Duc d’Orléans”. Duc d’Orléans et de Chartres, Comte de Blois Jul 1626. Governor and Lieutenant General of Languedoc. He plotted actively against Cardinal Richelieu all his life. Lieutenant General of the Kingdom 1640.

- DUC d’ORLEANS (1).

6. HENRIETTE MARIE de France (Palais du Louvre, Paris 26 Nov 1609-Château de Colombes near Paris 10 Sep 1669, bur Saint-Denis). She fled England for France in 1644, living there in exile for the rest of her life. m (by proxy Notre-Dame de Paris 11 May 1625, in person Canterbury Cathedral 22 Jun 1625) CHARLES Prince of Wales, son of JAMES I King of England, Scotland and Ireland & his wife Anna Pss of Denmark (Dunfermline Palace, Fife 19 Nov 1600-executed Whitehall 30 Jan 1649, bur St George’s Chapel Windsor). He succeeded his father in 1625 as CHARLES I King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Henri IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

7. daughter (Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne 1581 stillborn).

Henri IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

8. [son] de Bourbon (--- -29 Nov 1588).

Henri IV had four illegitimate children by Mistress (3):

9. CESAR de Bourbon (Château de Coucy, Picardie Jun 1594-Paris 22 Oct 1665, bur église des Pères de l’Oratoire, Vendôme). Légitimé de France Jan 1595. Duc de Vendôme 1598. Duc d’Etampes, de Mercœur, de Beaufort et de Penthièvre. Pair de France, prince de Martigues, Comte de Buzençois, Seigneur d’Anet. Governor of Brittany 1598-3 Jun 1626.

- DUCS de VENDÔME.

10. CATHERINE HENRIETTE de Bourbon (Rouen 11 Nov 1596-Paris 20 Jun 1663, bur Saint-Paul, Saint-Louis). Mademoiselle de Vendôme. Légitimée de France Mar 1597. m (20 Jan 1619) CHARLES de Lorraine Duc d’Elbœuf, son of CHARLES de Lorraine Duc d’Elbœuf & his wife Marguerite de Chabot de Charny (5 Nov 1596-Hotel d´Elbœuf, Paris 5 Nov 1657, bur Saint Louis de la Saussaye).

11. ALEXANDRE de Bourbon (Nantes 19 Apr 1598-as a prisoner Château de Vincennes 8 Feb 1629). Le chevalier de Vendôme. Légitimé de France Apr 1599. Knight of the Order of Malta 1 Feb 1604. Abbé de Marmoutier 1610.

12. [son] de Bourbon.

Henri IV had three illegitimate children by Mistress (4):

13. son (stillborn Saint-Germain-en-Laye May 1600).

14. GASTON [baptised 9 Dec 1607 HENRI] de Bourbon (Château de Verneuil, Eure 3 Nov 1601-Château de Verneuil 28 May 1682, bur aux Carmélites de Pontoise). Légitimé de France Jan 1603. Titular Bishop of Metz 1608-1652. Abbé. Duc de Verneuil and Comte de Senlis 1663. Received at the Parliament 15 Dec 1663, governor of Languedoc. m (Paris 29 Oct 1668) as her second husband, CHARLOTTE Séguier, widow of MAXIMILIEN [III] FRANÇOIS de Béthune Duc de Sully, daughter of PIERRE Séguier Duc de Villemor, Comte de Gien, Chancellier de France & his wife Madeleine Fabry (Paris [Aug] 1622-Paris 5 Jun 1704, bur convent of Sainte-Elisabeth, Paris).

15. GABRIELLE-ANGELIQUE de Bourbon (Paris 21 Jan 1603-Metz 29 Apr 1627, bur Cadillac). Légitimée de France. Mademoiselle de Verneuil. m (Lyon 12 Dec 1622) BERNARD de La Valette Duc d’Epernon, de Foix et de Candale, son of JEAN-LOUIS de La Valette Duc d’Epernon & his wife Marguerite de Foix-Candale. Governor of Guyenne.

Henri IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):

16. ANTOINE de Bourbon (Château de Moret , Seine-et-Marne 9 May 1607-after battle of Castelnaudary 1 Sep 1632). Légitimé de France Jan 1608. Abbé de Savigny.

Henri IV had two illegitimate children by Mistress (6):

17. JEANNE BAPTISTE de Bourbon (before 11 Jan 1608-Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire 16 Jan 1670, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). Légitimée de France May 1608. Nun at Chelles. Abbess of Fontevrault.

18. MARIE HENRIETTE de Bourbon ([1608]-Chelles, Seine-et-Marne 10 Feb 1629, bur Abbaye de Chelles). Abbess of Chelles.

LOUIS de France, son of HENRI IV King of France & his second wife Maria de' Medici Pss of Tuscany (Château de Fontainebleau 27 Sep 1601-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 May 1643, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. He succeeded his father in 1610 as LOUIS XIII King of France and Navarre.

m (by proxy Burgos 18 Oct 1615, in person Bordeaux 24 Nov 1615) Infanta doña ANA of Spain, daughter of FELIPE III King of Spain & his wife Margareta Archduchess of Austria (Valladolid 22 Sep 1601-Louvre 20 Jan 1666, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Anne d'Autriche” in France. She was created Duchesse de Bourbon et d'Auvergne, Comtesse de Clermont, de la Marche et de Rodez 12 Oct 1643. Regent during the minority of her son King Louis XIV from 18 May 1643 to 7 Sep 1651. She was called “la Reine-mère” from 7 Jun 1660.

Louis XIII & his wife had two children:

1. LOUIS de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Sep 1638-Versailles 1 Sep 1715, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. He succeeded his father in 1643 as LOUIS XIV King of France.

- see below.

2. PHILIPPE de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 21 Sep 1640-Château de Saint-Cloud 9 Jun 1701, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth. He was called “Monsieur”. Duc d’Orléans, de Chartres, de Valois, de Nemours et de Montpensier, Prince de Joinville, Comte de Beaujolais, de Dourdan et de Romorantin Mar 1661, following the death of Gaston de France Duc d’Orléans.

- DUCS d’ORLEANS (2).

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS XIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Ana of Spain [Anne d’Autriche] (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Sep 1638-Versailles 1 Sep 1715, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. He succeeded his father in 1643 as LOUIS XIV King of France. Ruled under the regency of his mother until 7 Sep 1651, when he was proclaimed of age. He governed in his own name from 10 Mar 1661 shortly after the death of Cardinal Mazarin.

m firstly (by proxy Fuenterrabia 3 Jun 1660 in person Saint-Jean-de-Luz 9 Jun 1660) Infanta doña MARÍA TERESA of Spain, daughter of FELIPE IV King of Spain & his wife Elisabeth de France (Madrid 20 Sep 1638-Versailles 30 Jul 1683, bur Saint-Denis).

m secondly (in secret, Versailles [1683/84]) as her second husband, FRANÇOISE d'Aubigné, widow of PAUL Scarron [poet], Seigneur de la Rivière et des Fougerais, daughter of CONSTANT d’Aubigné chevalier, Baron de Surimau, Governor of Maillezais & his wife Jeanne de Cardaillac (Niort 27 Nov 1635-Saint-Cyr 15 Apr 1719). She was governess of the king’s children by the Marquise de Montespan. Created Marquise de Maintenon et du Parc 1688.

Mistress (1): LOUISE FRANÇOISE de La Baume Le Blanc Mademoiselle de La Vallière, daughter of LAURENT de La Baume Le Blanc Seigneur de Choisy et de La Vallière & his wife Françoise Le Prévost (Château de La Vallière, Touraine 6 Aug 1644-Paris 6 Jun 1710). Maid of honour to Henriette Anne (Pss of England), wife of Philippe de France Duc d’Orléans. Duchesse de La Vallière et de Vaujours 14 May 1667. She became a nun 2 Jun 1674 as sister Louise de la Miséricorde at the convent of the Carmelites rue Saint-Jacques Paris.

Mistress (2): FRANÇOISE-ATHENAÏSE de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquise de Montespan, née de Rochechouart de Mortemart, daughter of GABRIEL de Rochechouart Marquis de Mortemart, Prince de Tonnay-Charente, Duc de Mortemart, Seigneur de Vivonne & his wife Diane de Grandsaigne (Château de Tonnay, Charente 1641-Bourbon l’Archambault, Allier 27 May 1707, bur église des Cordeliers, Poitiers). She retired from court 15 Mar 1691 to the ladies of Saint-Joseph in Paris. m (1663, separated 7 Jul 1674) Henri Louis de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquis de Montespan et d’Antin. He was the heir to the duchies of Bellegarde and Epernon. He lived in retirement on his lands in Languedoc, and died 1 Dec 1701. All her children by the king were granted the name Bourbon by letters Jan 1680.

Mistress (3): CLAUDE de Vin dite Mademoiselle des Œillets, daughter of NICOLAS de Vin dit des Œillets & his wife Alix (alias Louise) Faviot, both actors (-Paris 18 May 1687, bur Saint-Eustache). First Lady of the Bedchamber of Madame de Montespan.

Mistress (4): MARIE ANGELIQUE de Scoraille de Rousilles, daughter of JEAN-RIGAUD Scoraille Comte de Rousilles en Limousin, Seigneur de Cropières & his wife Eléonore du Plas (Château de Cropières, Raulhac en Auvergne 1661-monastery du Port Royal, Paris 28 Jun 1681, bur Paris). Maid of Honour to Madame.

Louis XIV & his first wife had children:

1. LOUIS de France (Fontainebleau 1 Nov 1661-Château de Meudon 14 Apr 1711, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. During his lifetime he was called “Monseigneur”.

- see below.

2. ANNE ELISABETH de France (Louvre 18 Nov 1662-Louvre 30 Dec 1662, bur Saint-Denis). Called “Madame”.

3. MARIE ANNE de France (Louvre 16 Nov 1664-Louvre 26 Dec 1664). Called “Madame”.

4. MARIE THERESE de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2 Jan 1667-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1 Mar 1672, bur Saint-Denis).

5. PHILIPPE CHARLES de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Aug 1668-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 10 Jul 1671, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth.

6. LOUIS FRANÇOIS de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14 Jun 1672-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 4 Nov 1672, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth.

Louis XIV had six illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

7. CHARLES de Bourbon (19 Dec 1663-15 Jul 1666, bur Saint-Eustache, Paris).

8. PHILIPPE de Bourbon (Paris 7 Jan 1665-died young).

9. LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris 27 Dec 1665-15 Jul 1666, bur Saint-Eustache, Paris).

10. [daughter] de Bourbon (died young). There is little time between the other births for Louise de La Vallière to have given birth to this other child. It is possible that she is cited in error.

11. MARIE ANNE de Bourbon bâtarde de France (Château de Vincennes 2 Oct 1666-Paris 3 May 1739, bur Saint-Roch, Paris). Mademoiselle de Blois. Légitimée de France Mar 1667. Duchesse de La Vallière. She gave the title and the territories which went with it to her maternal first cousin Charles François de La Baume Le Blanc Marquis de la Vallière, with the consent of the king, by letters Mar 1688 and 8 Jun 1698. m (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 16 Jan 1680) LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti, son of ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Anna Maria Martinozzi (Paris 4 Apr 1661-Fontainebleau 9 Nov 1685, bur Valléry).

12. LOUIS de Bourbon bâtard de France (Château de Saint-Germain 2 Oct 1667-killed at the siege of Courtrai 18 Nov 1683, bur Arras cathedral). Comte de Vermandois. Légitimé de France 1669. Amiral de France 12 Jan 1669.

Louis XIV had six illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

13. [son] de Bourbon (1669-died young).

14. [daughter] de Bourbon (1669-1672).

15. LOUIS AUGUSTE de Bourbon bâtard de France (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1670-Château de Sceaux 14 May 1736, bur parish church of Sceaux). Légitimé de France 20 Dec 1673 with the title Duc du Maine. He acquired the titles Comte d’Eu and Prince Souverain de Dombes, and associated lands, from the Duchesse de Montpensier 2 Feb 1681. He acquired the title Duc d’Aumâle in Sep 1685 from Marie Jeanne Baptiste Duchesse de Nemours et d’Aumâle, widow of Charles Emmanuel II Duke of Savoy. Lieutenant General of the armies. Governor and Lieutenant General of Languedoc. He was declared “Prince du sang” for himself and his male descendants by edict dated Jul 1714, with the right to succeed to the throne. This edict was revoked by the Parliament after the death of King Louis XIV. m (Versailles 19 Mar 1692) ANNE LOUISE BÉNÉDICTE de Bourbon-Condé Mademoiselle de Charolais, daughter of HENRI JULES de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anna Henrietta Julia Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Paris 8 Nov 1676-Paris, Hotel du Maine 23 Jan 1753, bur Sceaux). She was heiress of the territories of Anet and Dreux. Louis Auguste & his wife had seven children:

a) [daughter] de Bourbon (Versailles 11 Sep 1694-Versailles 26 Sep 1694, bur Notre Dame, Versailles). Mademoiselle de Dombes.

b) LOUIS CONSTANTIN de Bourbon (Versailles 27 Nov 1695-Versailles 28 Sep 1698, bur Notre Dame, Versailles). Prince de Dombes.

c) [daughter] de Bourbon (21 Dec 1697-Versailles 22 Aug 1699, bur Aumâle). Mademoiselle d’Aumâle.

d) LOUIS AUGUSTE de Bourbon (Versailles 4 Mar 1700-Fontainebleau 1 Oct 1755, bur Eu). Prince de Dombes. Duc d’Aumâle, Comte d’Eu. Maréchal de camp 1734, Lieutenant-général 1735. Governor of Languedoc on the death of his father in 1736.

e) LOUIS CHARLES de Bourbon (Château de Sceaux 15 Oct 1701-Sceaux 13 Jul 1775, bur Sceaux). Governor of Guyenne 28 Dec 1712. Maréchal de camp 15 Jun 1734, Lieutenant-général 6 Jul 1735. He bought the principality of Anet from the duchesse du Maine. He succeeded his brother in 1755 as Duc d’Aumâle, Comte d’Eu and Governor of Languedoc. He ceded the principality of Dombes to the king in 1762. He sold the county of Eu, the duchy of Aumâle and the principality of Anet to the king 14 Sep 1773, retaining the usufruct.

f) [CHARLES] de Bourbon (Versailles 31 Mar 1704-Sceaux 2 Sep 1708, bur Eu). Duc d’Aumâle.

g) LOUISE FRANÇOISE de Bourbon (Versailles 4 Dec 1707-Château d’Anet 19 Aug 1743). Mademoiselle du Maine.

16. LOUIS CESAR de Bourbon bâtard de France (Le Génitoy near Lagny 20 Jun 1672-Paris 10 Jan 1683, bur Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Comte de Vexin. Légitimé de France 20 Dec 1673. Abbé de Saint-Denis et de Saint-Germain-des-Prés.

17. LOUISE FRANÇOISE de Bourbon bâtarde de France (Tournai 1 Jun 1673-Paris 16 Jun 1743, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Mademoiselle de Nantes. Légitimée de France 20 Dec 1673. m (Versailles 24 Jul 1685) LOUIS de Bourbon-Condé, son of HENRI JULES de Bourbon Prince de Condé Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anna Henriette Julie Pfalzgräfin von Pfalz-Simmern (Hotel de Condé, Paris 11 Oct 1668-Paris 4 Mar 1710, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon.

18. LOUISE MARIE ANNE de Bourbon bâtarde de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 12 Nov 1674-Bourbon l’Archambault 15 Sep 1681, bur church of the priory of Souvigny, Allier). Mademoiselle de Tours. Légitimée de France Jan 1676.

19. FRANÇOISE MARIE de Bourbon bâtarde de France (Château de Maintenon 9 Feb 1677-Paris 1 Feb 1749, bur church of la Madeleine de Tresnel, Paris). Mademoiselle de Blois. m (Versailles 18 Feb 1692) PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres, son of PHILIPPE de France Duc d’Orléans & his second wife Elisabeth Charlotte Pfalzgräfin am Rhein (Château de Saint-Cloud 2 Aug 1674-Versailles 2 Dec 1723). He succeeded his father in 1701 as Duc d’Orléans. Regent of France 1715.

20. LOUIS ALEXANDRE de Bourbon (Versailles 6 Jun 1678-Château de Rambouillet 1 Dec 1737, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). Légitimé de France, as Comte de Toulouse, Nov 1681. Duc de Penthièvre.

- DUCS de PENTHIEVRE.

Louis XIV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

21. LOUISE de Maisonblanche ([1676]-La Queue-les-Yvelines 12 Sep 1718, bur chapel of Saint-Nicolas, Galluis, Yvelines). m (Paris 17 Apr 1696) BERNARD de Prez chevalier Baron et Seigneur de La Queue-en-Yvelines, son of JACQUES de Prez & his wife Nicole de Bara (Saint-Martin de Galluis, Yvelines 25 May 1670-La Queue-en-Yvelines 4 Apr 1740). King’s lieutenant in Flanders 1720. He called himself Marquis de La Queue.

Louis XIV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):

22. --- de Bourbon (Port Royal [1679/1681]-died the same year).

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS XIV King of France & his wife Infanta doña María Teresa of Spain (Fontainebleau 1 Nov 1661-Château de Meudon 14 Apr 1711, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France from birth. During his lifetime he was called “Monseigneur”. He became heir presumptive to the kingdom of Spain in 1665 on the accession of King Carlos II. Following the death of the latter, Louis renounced his rights of succession in Nov 1700 because, under his testament, the king of Spain had named his second son Philippe Duc d’Anjou as his successor. After Louis’s death, he was referred to as “le Grand Dauphin”.

m firstly (by proxy Munich 28 Jan 1680 in person Châlons-sur-Marne 7 Mar 1680) MARIA ANNA Christine Victoria Herzogin von Bayern, daughter of FERDINAND MARIA Elector of Bavaria & his wife Adélaïde Henriette Marie Pss de Savoie (Munich 28 Nov 1660-Versailles 20 Apr 1690, bur Saint-Denis).

m secondly (1691/5) MARIE EMILIE de Joly de Choin, daughter of GUILLAUME CLAUDE de Joly chevalier, Seigneur et Baron de Choin & his wife Anne Clémence Bonne de Grolée de Mépieu (Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain 1663-Paris 13 Apr 1732). Lady of honour of Madame la Princesse de Conti. She was called “Mademoiselle de Choin” until her death.

Mistress (1): ---. The name of Louis’s first mistress is not known.

Mistress (2): MARIE ANNE LOUISE de Caumont Mademoiselle de La Force, daughter of JACQUES NOMPAR de Caumont Duc de La Force & his first wife Marie de Saint-Simon de Courtomer (-Montauban, Tarn-et-Garonne after May 1715). Maid of honour of Madame la Dauphine. A nun at the convent des Ursulins at Montauban. m (8 Mar 1688) Louis Scipion de Grimoard de Beauvoir dit le marquis de Roure, son of LOUIS PIERRE SCIPION de Grimoard de Beauvoir et de Montlaur, Comte du Roure, Marquis de Grisac & his wife Claude Marie du Guast (--- -killed at the battle of Fleurus 1 Jul 1690).

Mistress (3): FRANÇOISE Pitel de Longchamp dite Mademoiselle Raisin, daughter of HENRI Pitel dit Longchamp [manager of a troupe of travelling actors] & his wife Anne Le Grand (Grenoble [1662]-Normandy 30 Sep 1721). She became the mistress of the Dauphin after she was widowed. He persuaded her to leave the theatre in 1701. m (Saint-Léonard near Chantilly 20 Nov 1679) Jean Baptiste Raisin, son of an actor from Troyes (1656-Paris 5 Sep 1693), who was an actor in the service of Monsieur le Prince.

Louis & his wife had three children:

1. LOUIS de France (Versailles 6 Aug 1682-Versailles 18 Feb 1712, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Bourgogne from birth. He became dauphin de France on the death of his father 1711. He was called “Monsieur” or “Monsieur le dauphin”.

- see below.

2. PHILIPPE de France (Versailles 19 Dec 1683-Buen Retiro, Madrid 9 Jul 1746, bur palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso, Segovia). Duc d’Anjou from birth. He was named successor to the Spanish throne in the will of Carlos II King of Spain, and declared FELIPE V King of Spain publicly at Versailles 16 Nov 1700 and in Madrid 24 Nov 1700. He arrived in Madrid 18 Feb 1701, making his solemn entry the following 14 Apr. He also succeeded as FILIPPO IV King of Naples and Sicily. After the war of Spanish succession, he was confirmed as King of Spain in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht which also required him to renounce his rights of succession to the French throne. He abdicated as king of Spain 15 Jan 1724 in favour of his son Luis, but resumed the throne 6 Sep 1724 after Luis died.

- KINGS of SPAIN.

3. CHARLES de France (Versailles 31 Aug 1686-Marly 4 May 1714, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Berry from birth. Also Duc d'Alençon et d'Angoulême, Comte de Ponthieu. m (Versailles 6 Jul 1710) MARIE LOUISE ELISABETH d'Orléans dite Mademoiselle, daughter of PHILIPPE Duc d’Orléans & his wife Françoise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Versailles 20 Aug 1695-Château de la Muette 21 Jul 1719, bur Saint-Denis). She married secondly (secretly, 1716) Armand Auguste d'Aydie Comte de Rion (Versailles 1692-Paris 26 Mar 1741). Mistress (1): ---. A lady of the bedchamber of the duchesse de Berry. Charles & his wife had three children:

a) [daughter] de Berry (b and d Fontainebleau 21 Jul 1711, bur Saint-Denis).

b) CHARLES de Berry (Versailles 26 Mar 1713-Versailles 16 Apr 1713, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d'Alençon from birth.

c) MARIE LOUISE ELISABETH de Berry (Versailles 16 Jun 1714-Versailles 17 Jun 1714, bur Saint-Denis).

Charles had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

d) [daughter] de Berry (1714- ---).

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

4. CHARLOTTE (6 Feb 1692-[1750]). m ([1714]) GÉRARD Michel Sieur de la Jonchère, son of CHARLES Michel Sieur de Roissy & his wife --- (Jan 1675-la Malmaison 1750). Trésorier général de l’extraordinaire des guerres, he went bankrupt, was imprisoned in the Bastille, then retired to La Malmaison.

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

5. LOUISE EMILIE de Vaudetar (Courtomer near Seez, Normandy 14 Oct 1694-Paris 3 Apr 1719).

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

6. ANNE LOUISE de Fleury ([1695]-Tours Aug 1716). m (15 Jun 1715) as his first wife, ANTOINE ERARD d’Avaugour dit monsieur du Bois d’Avaugour, son of LOUIS d’Avaugour & his wife Célestine Bruneau de la Rabastelière (--- -18 Dec 1755). He was the nephew of René Descartes, mathematician and philosopher. Chevalier, Seigneur du Bois et de la Motte de Thoauré. Owner of a cavalry regiment 1713. Brigadier of cavalry 1719. He remarried three times.

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS Dauphin de France & his first wife Maria Anna Herzogin von Bayern (Versailles 6 Aug 1682-Versailles 18 Feb 1712, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Bourgogne from birth. Became dauphin de France on the death of his father 1711. He was called “Monsieur” or “Monsieur le dauphin”.

m (Versailles 7 Dec 1697) MARIE ADELAIDE de Savoie, daughter of VICTOR AMEDEE II Duke of Savoy [later VITTORIO AMEDEO I King of Sardinia] & his first wife Anne Marie d’Orléans (Turin 6 Dec 1685-Versailles 12 Feb 1712).

Louis & his wife had three children:

1. son (Versailles 25 Jun 1704-Versailles 13 Apr 1705, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Bretagne from birth. Unbaptised, some sources refer to him as Louis.

2. LOUIS de France (Versailles 8 Jan 1707-Versailles 8 Mar 1712, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Bretagne from birth. Dauphin de France 1712 on the death of his father.

3. LOUIS de France (Versailles 15 Feb 1710-Versailles 10 May 1774, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth. Dauphin de France 1712 on the death of his older brother. He succeeded his great-grandfather in 1715 as LOUIS XV King of France, under the regency of his cousin Philippe Duc d’Orléans. He was declared of age 16 Feb 1723, and governed in his own name from 11 Jun 1726.

- see below.

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS de France Duc de Bourgogne [later Dauphin de France] & his wife Marie Adélaïde de Savoie (Versailles 15 Feb 1710-Versailles 10 May 1774, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth. Dauphin de France 1712 on the death of his older brother. He succeeded his great-grandfather in 1715 as LOUIS XV King of France, under the regency of his cousin Philippe Duc d’Orléans. He was declared of age 16 Feb 1723, and governed in his own name from 11 Jun 1726.

m (by proxy Strasbourg 15 Aug 1725, in person Fontainebleau 5 Sep 1725) MARIA Leszczynska Pss of Poland, daughter of STANISLAS I Leszczynski ex-King of Poland & his wife Katarzyna Ctss Opalinska (Wroclaw (Breslau) 23 Jun 1703-Versailles 24 Jun 1768, bur Saint-Denis).

Mistress (1): ---. The name of Louis’s possible first mistress has not been ascertained.

Mistress (2): PAULINE FELICITE de Mailly Mademoiselle de Nesle, Comtesse de Vintimille, daughter of LOUIS de Mailly Marquis de Nesle et de Mailly, Prince d’Orange & his wife Armande Félice de La Porte-Mazarin (Paris Aug 1712-Versailles in childbirth 1741). She became the king’s mistress in 1739. m (Paris 28 Sep 1739) Jean Baptiste Félix Hubert de Vintimille Comte de Vintimille, appelé Comte du Luc, son of Gaspard Magdelon Hubert de Vintimille, Marquis du Luc & his wife Marie Charlotte du Refuge (23 Jul 1720-Paris 10 Sep 1777). Maréchal de camp 1742, Lieutenant General 1759. Marquis du Luc et des Arcs. Gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roi.

Mistress (3): FRANÇOISE de Châlus Duchesse de Narbonne-Lara, daughter of GABRIEL de Châlus, Seigneur de Sansac & his wife Chantal de Gérault de Solages (Châlus, Haute-Vienne 24 Feb 1734-7 Jul 1821). m (13 Jul 1749) Jean François Comte de Narbonne-Lara, son of François de Narbonne, Seigneur de Birac et d’Aubiac & his wife Angélique de Goth (Aubiac, Lot-et-Garonne 27 Dec 1718-Agen, Lot-et-Garonne 12 Aug 1806). Duc de Narbonne-Lara 1780.

Mistress (4): IRENE du Buisson de Longpré Madame Filleul, daughter of JACQUES du Buisson, Seigneur de Longpré & his wife Marie Thérèse de Seran (-1767). m (Falaise 21 Jan 1747) as his second wife, Charles François Filleul, son of Jacques Filleul (merchant at Falaise) & his wife Catherine Mauban.

Mistress (5): MARIE LOUISE O’Murphy, daughter of DANIEL O’Murphy [officer in the French army, of Irish origin] & his wife Marguerite Higny (Rouen Saint-Eloi 21 Oct 1737-Paris 17 Jan 1815). m firstly (Paris 27 Nov 1755) Jacques Pelet de Beaufranchet Seigneur d’Ayat, son of --- (--- -killed in battle Rossbach, Saxony 8 Nov 1757). Colonel of infantry. m secondly (1759) François Nicolas Le Normand Seigneur de Flahac, son of --- (--- -1790). Maître d’hôtel du Comte d’Artois. Treasurer of the order du Saint-Esprit. m thirdly (1798, divorced 16 Dec 1798) Louis Philippe Dumont, son of ---. Député conventionnel du Calvados.

Mistress (6): MARGUERITE CATHERINE Haynault, daughter of JEAN BAPTISTE Haynault [tobacco dealer in Lorient] & his wife Catherine Couperis de la Salle (Paris 11 Nov 1736-Château de Montmélas, Rhône 17 Mar 1823). m (1766, divorced 4 May 1802) Blaise d’Arod de Montmélas, son of François Marie d’Arod marquis de Montélas & his wife Marguerite Denise de Cusieux (Montmélas 30 Dec 1744-Paris 21 Feb 1815). Marquis de Montmélas. He was older brother of the husband of his wife’s illegitimate daughter by the king.

Mistress (7): LUCIE MADELEINE d’Estaing, legitimated daughter of CHARLES FRANÇOIS Comte d’Estaing Marquis de Saillans Vicomte de Ravel & his mistress Madeleine Erny de Mirfond (Paris 10 May 1743-Clermont-Ferrand 1826). m (13 Nov 1768) as his second wife, François Comte de Boysseulh, son of --- (1726-1807). He was father-in-law of his wife’s illegitimate daughter by the king, Aphrodite.

Mistress (8): ANNE Couppier de Romans, daughter of JEAN JOSEPH Roman Couppier & his wife Madeleine Armand (Grenoble 19 Jun 1737-Versailles 27 Dec 1808). Dame de Meilly-Coulonges, Baronne de Meilly-Coulonges. She emigrated to Spain in 1792, but returned to Versailles before her death. m (30 May 1772) Gabriel Guillaume de Siran Marquis de Cavenac (--- -1784).

Mistress (9): LOUISE JEANNE Tiercelin de la Colleterie dite Madame de Bonneval, daughter of PIERRE Tiercelin de la Colleterie & his wife Jacqueline Marie Colfort (Mortagne 26 Dec 1746-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Jul 1779). She was mistress of the king in 1762, but was exiled after the birth of her son.

Mistress (10): CATHERINE ELEONORE Bénard, daughter of --- (1740-1769). m (11 Mar 1768) Joseph Starot de Saint-Germain Seigneur de Villeplat (1728-executed 11 May 1794). Fermier-général du Dauphiné.

Mistress (11): MARIE THERESE FRANÇOISE Boisselet Madame Cadet, daughter of PIERRE SULPICE Boisselet & his wife Marie Thérèse Carouailles (-Paris 1 Sep 1800). m (Paris 29 Jan 1771) Louis Claude Cadet (de Gassicourt), son of Claude Cadet [surgeon] & his wife Marie Madeleine Godeffroy (Paris 24 Jul 1731-Paris 18 Oct 1799). He was a member of the College of Pharmacy and of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences 1766. Chief Apothecary to the Portuguese Army.

Louis XV & his wife had nine children:

1. LOUISE ELISABETH de France (Versailles 14 Aug 1727-Versailles 6 Dec 1759, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame première” from birth. m (by proxy Versailles 26 Aug 1739 in person Alcalá de Henares 25 Oct 1739) Infante don FELIPE de Borbón y Farnesio, son of FELIPE V King of Spain & his second wife Elisabetta Maria Farnese Pss of Parma [Isabel Farnesio] (Madrid 15 Mar 1720-Alessandria, Montferrato 18 Jul 1765, bur Parma, church of the Capucines, transferred to church of Santa Maria della Staccata). Following the occupation of Parma and Piacenza by the Spanish Army in Sep 1745, he reigned as FILIPPO I Duke of Parma and Piacenza. However, Imperial forces recovered both territories in Apr 1746. Under the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 18 Oct 1748, Filippo was confirmed as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as well as Guastalla. He retook possession of Parma 10 Feb 1749.

2. ANNE HENRIETTE de France (Versailles 14 Aug 1727-Versailles 10 Feb 1752, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame seconde” from birth. Called “Madame Henriette” 1737-1739 and 1746-1748, and “Madame” 1739-1746 and from 1748.

3. MARIE LOUISE de France (Versailles 28 Jul 1728-Versailles 19 Feb 1733, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame troisième” from birth. Called “Madame Louise” 1733.

4. LOUIS de France (Versailles 4 Sep 1729-Fontainebleau 20 Dec 1765, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens). Dauphin de France, from birth. He was called “Monseigneur”.

- see below.

5. [PHILIPPE LOUIS] de France (Versailles 30 Aug 1730-Versailles 7 Apr 1733, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d'Anjou.

6. MARIE ADELAÏDE de France (Versailles 23 Mar 1732-Trieste 27 Feb 1800, bur Trieste, later Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame quatrième” from birth. After the death of her older sister Marie Louise in 1733, she was called “Madame troisième”. Called “Madame Adélaïde” 1737-1755 and from 1759, called “Madame” 1755-1759. She emigrated with her sister Victoire 19 Feb 1791, and lived in Parma and Rome. After Emperor Napoleon entered Italy, she went to Naples, Caserta and finally Trieste.

7. VICTOIRE LOUISE MARIE THÉRÈSE de France (Versailles 11 May 1733-Trieste 7 Jun 1799, bur Trieste, later Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame cinquième” from birth. Called “Madame Victoire” from 1745. She emigrated with her sister Adélaïde.

8. THERESE FELICITE de France (Versailles 16 May 1736-abbaye de Fontevrault 28 Sep 1744, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). She was known as “Madame sixième” from birth.

9. LOUISE MARIE de France (Versailles 15 Jul 1737-convent of the Carmélites, Saint-Denis 23 Dec 1787, bur in the same place). She was known as “Madame septième” from birth. Called “Madame Louise” from 1738. She became a nun 11 Apr 1770 at the Carmélites, Saint-Denis, under the name of Sœur Thérèse de Saint-Augustin. Declared venerable.

Louis XV had one possible illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

10. [ANTOINE de Hornes. ([1735]-1766). Governor of Schlettstadt. He was killed in a duel. m (1766) as her first husband, MARIE AURORE Rinteau de la Rivière (de Saxe from 5 May 1766), illegitimate daughter of MORITZ Graf von Sachsen & his mistress Marie Rinteau (de Verrières) (chr 19 Oct 1748-25 Dec 1821). She married secondly (French Embassy, London Jan 1777) Claude Dupin de Francueil.]

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

11. CHARLES de Vintimille du Luc (Versailles 2 Sep 1741-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 24 Feb 1814). Monsieur de Savigny, then Comte de Marseille, and after his marriage Marquis du Luc. He was called le Demi-Louis, because of his strong resemblance to his father. He emigrated to Turin, but returned to France in 1800 and benefited from an amnesty. m (Paris 26 Nov 1764) Marie Marguerite Magdeleine ADELAÏDE de Castellane, daughter of GASPARD CONSTANTIN BONIFACE de Castellane Marquis de Castellane, Vicomte d’Esparron & his wife Marguerite Marie Renée Fournier (1747-Paris 29 Mar 1770).

- VINTIMILLE, COMTES du LUC.

Louis XV had two illegitimate children by Mistress (3):

12. PHILIPPE de Narbonne-Lara (Castle of Colorno, Parma 28 Dec 1750-Paris 10 May 1834). Vicomte, later Duc de Narbonne-Lara. He emigrated to Rome during the revolution, but returned to France at the time of the Restoration. m (Versailles 5 Feb 1771) ANTOINETTE FRANÇOISE CLAUDINE de La Roche-Aymon, daughter of ANTOINE LOUIS FRANÇOIS de La Roche-Aymon, titré Marquis de La Roche-Aymon & his wife Françoise Charlotte de Bidal d’Asfeld (Château de Mainsat, Creuse 13 Jun 1750-12 Apr 1838).

13. LOUIS de Narbonne-Lara (Castle of Colorno, Parma 23 Aug 1755-Torgau, Saxony 17 Nov 1813). Comte de Narbonne-Lara. He was the lover of Madame de Staël. Aide de camp of Emperor Napoléon. Ambassador of France at Munich, Prague and Vienna. Comte de l’Empire 23 Dec 1810. m (Paris 16 Apr 1782) MARIE ADELAÏDE de Montholon, daughter of NICOLAS de Montholon (conseiller d’Etat) & his wife Marguerite Fournier de la Chapelle (1767-1848). Mistress (1): JEANNE Pitrot-Vertreuil, daughter of ---. Mistress (2): LOUISE FRANÇOISE Contat, daughter of --- (1760-9 Mar 1813). Actress at the Comédie Française. Louis & his wife had two children:

a) LOUISE Amable Rion Françoise de Narbonne (Nice 25 May 1786-Lisbon 28 Mar 1849). Maid of honour of the Queen of Portugal. m (Agen 17 Feb 1806) dom HERMANO JOSÉ Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo-Branco Conde de Sobral, son of GERALDO VENCESLAU Baron de Sobral & his wife dona Maria da Cruz Sobral (16 Sep 1775-Lisbon 2 Feb 1846).

b) ADELAÏDE Charlotte de Narbonne (Bellevue 11 May 1790-Château de Champgrenon 31 Dec 1856). m (Agen 7 Mar 1808) CLAUDE PHILIBERT Barthelot de Rambuteau, son of --- (Mâcon 9 Nov 1781-Château de Rambuteau, Saône-et-Loire 11 Apr 1869). Comte de l’Empire 27 Nov 1810.

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

c) LOUIS JEAN AMALRIC de Narbonne (Paris--- - ---).

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

d) LOUISE AMALRIQUE BATHILDE ISIDORE de Narbonne (Paris 21 Sep 1788- ---). She started at the Comédie Française in 1805, but left. m (Paris 2 Dec 1811) JEAN FREDERIC Abbéma, son of BALTHASAR ELIAS Abbéma & his wife Anne Elisabeth van Marselis (Amsterdam 13 Jun 1773- ---).

Louis XV had [two] illegitimate children by Mistress (4):

14. JULIE Filleul (Château de Lonpré 15 Jul 1751-Paris 30 May 1822). m firstly (Château de Ménars, Loir-et-Cher 11 Jan 1767) ABEL FRANÇOIS Poisson dit le Marquis de Vandières, Marquis de Marigny et de Ménars, son of FRANÇOIS Poisson & his wife Anne-Geneviève Le Carlier (1725-Paris 10 May 1781). He was the brother of Antoinette Poisson Marquise de Pompadour. Director of royal buildings, gardens, arts and manufactures. Governor of the Palais de Luxembourg, Lieutenant General des provinces d’Orléanais et de Beauce. m secondly (Paris 4 Mar 1783, divorced 1793) FRANÇOIS de La Cropte Seigneur de Bourzac, titré marquis de Bourzac, son of --- (-17 Oct 1804).

15. [Some sources attribute a second daughter by Julie Filleul to Louis XV, although it appears that she was born while Julie Filleul was the mistress of the financier Bouret: ADELAIDE Marie Emilie Filleul (14 May 1761-after 1802). m firstly (30 Jan 1779) Comte ALEXANDRE de Flahaut de Billarderie, son of --- (-guillotined 1793). m secondly (17 Oct 1802) JOSÉ Baron de Souza, daughter of ---. Mistress of: CHARLES MAURICE de Talleyrand-Périgord, by whom she had a son Auguste Charles Joseph Comte de Flahaut (1785-Paris 2 Sep 1870), who was the lover of Queen Hortense. He married (Edinburgh 20 Jun 1817) Margaret Keith, Baroness Nairne (London 12 Jun 1788-Paris 11 Nov 1867).]

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):

16. AGATHE LOUISE de Saint-Antoine de Saint-André (Paris 30 Jun 1754-Paris 6 Sep 1774, bur Saint-Sulpice). She was baptised as the daughter of Louis Saint-Antoine, retired infantry officer, and Louise Marie de Berchini. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Nov 1773. m (Paris 29 Dec 1773) as his first wife, RENE JEAN MANS de La Tour du Pin de la Charce, titré Comte de la Tour du Pin, son of PHILIPPE ANTOINE de la Tour-Gouvernet Marquis de la Charce & his wife Jeanne Madeleine Bertin Marquise de Mereville (Paris 26 Jul 1750-2 Sep 1781). Colonel of an infantry regiment.

Louis XV had two illegitimate children by Mistress (6):

17. AGNES LOUISE de Montreuil (chr Paris 20 May 1760-Montmélas, Rhône 2 Sep 1837). She was baptised as the daughter of Louis de Montreuil (ex-cavalry officer) and Marguerite Catherine Haynault. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Aug 1774. m (Paris 9 Nov 1778) GASPARD d’Arod de Montmélas Comte d’Arod de Montmélas, son of FRANÇOIS MARIE d’Arod chevalier, Marquis de Montmélas & his wife Marguerite Denis de Cusieux (Montmélas 15 Sep 1747-Montmélas 28 Aug 1815). Page of the Queen 1760. Lieutenant-colonel of the cavalry regiment of Artois.

18. ANNE LOUISE de La Réale (Paris 17 Nov 1762-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 30 Apr 1831, bur cemetery of Saint-Germain). She was baptised as the daughter of Antoine Louis de La Réale and Marguerite Catherine Haynault. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Aug 1774. m (Paris 28 Aug 1780) RENE GUILLAUME PAUL de Geslin Comte de Geslin, Seigneur de La Villeneuve, son of RENE CLAUDE de Geslin Seigneur de La Villeneuve & his wife Marie Gabrielle Macé de La Viléon (Saint-Malo 27 May 1753-executed Paris 24 Feb 1796).

Louis XV had two illegitimate children by Mistress (7):

19. AGNES LUCIE Auguste (Paris 14 Apr 1761-Château de Boysseulh, Dordogne 4 Jul 1822). She was baptised as the daughter of Louis Auguste and Lucie Citoyenne. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Aug 1774. m (Paris 11 Dec 1777) CHARLES Vicomte de Boysseulh, son of THEOPHILE Marquis de Boysseulh & his wife Marie Adrienne de Boysseulh de Magnac (11 Nov 1753-Fontainebleau 14 Jan 1808).

20. APHRODITE LUCIE Auguste (Versailles 8 Mar 1763-Artonne, Puy-de-Dôme 22 Feb 1819). She was baptised as the daughter of Louis Auguste and Lucie Citoyenne. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Aug 1774. m (Paris 21 Dec 1784) LOUIS JULES PHILIPPE de Boysseulh Comte de Boysseulh, son of FRANÇOIS Comte de Boysseulh Seigneur de Laborie & his wife Marie Madeleine Catherine d’Amblard dame de Lamastre (Versailles 8 Apr 1758-Langres, Haute-Marne 6 Dec 1792).

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (8):

21. LOUIS AIME de Bourbon (Passy 13 Jan 1762-Naples 28 Feb 1787, bur Santa Maria la Nuova, Naples). He was the only illegitimate child recognised by the king. He was baptised as the son of “Louis Bourbon & demoiselle Anna Couppier, Mademoiselle de Romans”. Priest 1778, dit l’abbé de Bourbon.

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (9):

22. BENOIT LOUIS Le Duc (7 Feb 1764-1837). He was baptised as the son of Louis Le Duc and Julie Dalacolleterie. Received lettres patentes de reconnaissance de noblesse from Louis XV 26 Aug 1774. Priest 1784. Abbé de Saint-Vincent-de-Laon 14 Mar 1786. Dit l’abbé Le Duc. He emigrated to England during the Revolution, and was involved in several conspiracies.

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (10):

23. LOUISE FRANÇOISE ADELAÏDE de Saint-Germain (Versailles 13 Jan 1769-Thauvenay, Cher 10 Mar 1850). Dame du Palais of the Empress Josephine. m (Valance 6 Aug 1797) JEAN PIERRE Bachasson de Montalivet Comte de Montalivet, son of CHARLES VICTOR Bachasson Seigneur de Montalivet & his wife Marthe de Saint-Germain (Neukirch, Moselle 7 Aug 1766-Château de Lagrange, Cher 22 Jan 1823). Avocat at Valence 1784. Préfet de la Seine-et-Oise 1804. Comte de l’Empire 27 Nov 1808. Minister of the Interior 1809-1814. Pair de France 2 Jun 1815 and 5 Mar 1819.

Louis XV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (11):

24. CHARLES LOUIS Cadet de Gassicourt (Paris 23 Jan 1769-Paris 21 Nov 1821, bur Père Lachaise). Avocat. Member of the Academy of Medicine. m (Paris 8 Jan 1789, divorced 30 Mar 1798) MADELEINE FELICITE Baudet, daughter of --- (1755-26 Jul 1830).

- CADET de GASSICOURT.

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS XV King of France & his wife Maria Leszczinska Pss of Poland (Versailles 4 Sep 1729-Fontainebleau 20 Dec 1765, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens). Dauphin de France, from birth. He was called “Monseigneur”.

m firstly (by proxy Madrid 18 Dec 1744, in person Versailles 23 Feb 1745) Infanta doña MARÍA TERESA de Borbón y Farnesio, daughter of FELIPE V King of Spain & his second wife Elisabetta Maria Farnese Pss of Parma [Isabel Farnesio] (Madrid 11 Jun 1726-Versailles 22 Jul 1746, bur Saint-Denis).

m secondly (by proxy Dresden 10 Jan 1747, in person Versailles 9 Feb 1747) MARIA JOSEPHA Pss of Saxony, daughter of FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Elector of Saxony [AUGUST III King of Poland] & his wife Maria Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Dresden 4 Nov 1731-Versailles 13 Mar 1767, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens).

Mistress (1): MARIE ANNE FRANÇOISE Vidal Madame d’Adonville, daughter of ANDRE de Vidal Seigneur de Roinvilliers & his wife ---. m (1748) François d’Adonville chevalier, Seigneur de Grand-Tourneville (--- -Roinvilliers, Essonne 15 Jan 1792).

Louis & his first wife had one child:

1. MARIE THERESE de France (Versailles 19 Jul 1746-Versailles 27 Apr 1748, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame” from birth.

Louis & his second wife had eight children:

2. MARIE ZEPHYRINE de France (Versailles 26 Aug 1750-Versailles 2 Sep 1755, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Madame” from birth.

3. LOUIS de France (Versailles 13 Sep 1751-Versailles 22 Mar 1761, bur Saint-Denis). He was Duc de Bourgogne from birth.

4. XAVIER de France Duc d'Aquitaine (Versailles 8 Sep 1753-Versailles 22 Feb 1754, bur Saint-Denis). He was Duc d’Aquitaine from birth.

5. LOUIS de France (Versailles 23 Aug 1754-guillotined Paris 21 Jan 1793, bur cemetery of la Sainte-Madeleine de la Ville-l’Evêque, transferred to Saint-Denis 21 Jan 1815, bur in the crypt 22 Jan 1979). He was Duc de Berry from birth. He became Dauphin de France in 1765 on the death of his father. He succeeded his grandfather in 1774 as LOUIS XVI King of France. The Assemblée nationale decreed 10 Oct 1789 that the king’s new title was “Roi des Français”, which title he took by letters patent 6 Nov 1789. The title was suspended by decree of the Assemblée legislative 11 Aug 1792. The Convention nationale decreed the abolition of the monarchy 21 Sep 1792. Louis was condemned to death by the Convention 15 Jan 1793. m (by proxy Vienna 18 Apr 1770, in person Versailles 16 May 1770) MARIA ANTONIA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Vienna 2 Nov 1755-guillotined Paris 16 Oct 1793, bur cemetery of la Sainte-Madeleine de la Ville-l’Evêque, transferred to Saint-Denis 21 Jan 1815, bur in the crypt 22 Jan 1979). She was known as MARIE ANTOINETTE in France. Louis XVI & his wife had four children:

a) MARIE THERESE de France (Versailles 19 Dec 1778-Schloß Frohsdorf, near Vienna 19 Oct 1851, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). She was known as “Madame Royale”. She was imprisoned in the Temple 13 Aug 1792, but allowed to leave France 25 Dec 1795. After this, she lived in exile in Vienna, Mittau, Warsaw and London. Having returned to France after the restoration she exiled herself again in 1830, taking the title “Comtesse de Marnes”, and lived in Great Britain, Prague, Venice and Frohsdorf. m (Schloß Mittau, Kurland 10 Jun 1799) her first cousin, LOUIS d’Artois Duc d'Angoulême, son of CHARLES de France Duc d’Angoulême [Comte de Ponthieu] [later CHARLES X King of France] & his wife Maria Teresa di Savoia Pss of Sardinia (Versailles 6 Aug 1775-Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 3 Jun 1844, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]). He was called “Monseigneur le Dauphin” after the accession of his father in 1824. He left France with his father in 1830, calling himself “Comte de Marnes”.

b) LOUIS de France (Versailles 22 Oct 1781-Château de Meudon 4 Jun 1789, bur Saint-Denis). Dauphin de France, from birth.

c) LOUIS de France (Versailles 27 Mar 1785-Paris 8 Jun 1795, bur cemetery of the parish of Sainte-Marguerite, Faubourg Saint-Antoine). Duc de Normandie from birth. He succeeded as Dauphin de France in 1789 on the death of his older brother. Prince royal 14 Aug 1791, confirmed by the constitution. Imprisoned at the Temple 13 Aug 1792 as Louis Charles Capet. He succeeded on the death of his father and was recognised as “LOUIS XVII King of France” by the powers allied against republican France, although he never reigned.

d) SOPHIE de France (Versailles 9 Jul 1786-Versailles 19 Jun 1787, bur Saint-Denis). She was called Madame Sophie from birth.

6. LOUIS de France (Versailles 17 Nov 1755-Château des Tuileries, Paris 16 Sep 1824, bur Saint-Denis). Comte de Provence from birth. Duc d’Anjou et d’Alençon Apr 1771. He was called “Monsieur, frère du roi” after the 1774 accession of King Louis XVI. He emigrated 20 Jun 1791, and proclaimed himself Regent of the kingdom on the death of Louis XVI. Proclaimed King of France on the death of his nephew in 1795, but was only recognised as such by Russia and Sweden. Louis was more generally referred to during his exile from France as “Comte de l’Isle”. He regained the throne 13 Mar 1814 as LOUIS XVIII King of France on the fall of Emperor Napoléon until the latter’s return 20 Mar 1815, when Louis left France for Gent. He returned to France as king 24 Jun 1815, after Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo. m (by proxy Turin 21 Apr 1771, in person Versailles 14 May 1771) MARIA GIUSEPPINA LUIGIA di Savoia Pss of Sardinia, daughter of VITTORIO AMEDEO Prince Royal of Savoy and Sardinia [later VITTORIO AMEDEO III King of Sardinia] & his wife Infanta doña María Antonia Fernanda de Borbón y Farnesio (Turin 2 Sep 1753-Hartwell Castle near Aylesbury 13 Nov 1810, bur cathedral of San Lucifero, Cagliari, Sardinia).

7. CHARLES de France (Versailles 9 Oct 1757-Schloß Graffenberg, Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 6 Nov 1836, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]). Comte d’Artois from birth. Duc d’Angoulême et de Mercœur, Comte d’Auvergne et de Limoges Oct 1773. He emigrated 16 Jul 1789. He bore the title of “Marquis de Maisons” while living in Turin Sep 1789 to Jul 1791, after which he styled himself “Comte de Ponthieu”. He succeeded his brother in 1824 as CHARLES X King of France. He was forced to abdicate 2 Aug 1830 in favour his grandson the Duc de Bordeaux (who never reigned).

- see below.

8. CLOTILDE de France (Versailles 23 Sep 1759-Naples 7 Mar 1802, bur Santa Caterina, Naples). She was known as “Madame” from birth, and called “Madame Clotilde” from 1774. m (by proxy Versailles 21 Aug 1775, in person Chambéry 6 Sep 1775) CARLO EMANUELE di Savoia Prince of Sardinia, son of VITTORIO AMEDEO Prince Royal of Savoy and Sardinia [later VITTORIO AMEDEO III King of Sardinia] & his wife Infanta doña María Antonia Fernanda de Borbón y Farnesio (Turin 24 May 1751-Rome 6 Oct 1819, bur Sant’ Andrea dal Quirinale, Rome). He succeeded his father in 1796 as CARLO EMANUELE II King of Sardinia. He abdicated 1802.

9. ELISABETH de France (Versailles 3 May 1764-guillotined Paris 10 May 1794, bur “enclos du Christ”, cemetery of Monceau). She was known as “Madame Elisabeth”. She was imprisoned in the Temple 13 Aug 1792.

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

10. AUGUSTE d’Adonville [later “Dadonville”] (Roinvilliers near Etampes, Essonne 2 Oct 1758-guillotined Paris 25 Jun 1794). Page of the king, Canon of Saint-Pierre de Lille 1780-1782. Sergeant-major of the Garde nationale.

CHARLES de France, son of LOUIS Dauphin de France & his second wife Maria Josepha Pss of Saxony (Versailles 9 Oct 1757-Schloß Graffenberg, Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 6 Nov 1836, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]). Comte d’Artois from birth. Duc d’Angoulême et de Mercœur, Comte d’Auvergne et de Limoges Oct 1773. He emigrated 16 Jul 1789. He bore the title of “Marquis de Maisons” while living in Turin Sep 1789 to Jul 1791, after which he styled himself “Comte de Ponthieu”. He succeeded his brother in 1824 as CHARLES X King of France. He was forced to abdicate 2 Aug 1830 in favour his grandson the Duc de Bordeaux (who never reigned).

m (by proxy Moncalieri 24 Oct 1773 in person Versailles 16 Nov 1773, separated 1789) MARIA TERESA di Savoia Pss of Sardinia, daughter of VITTORIO AMEDEO Prince Royal of Savoy and Sardinia [later VITTORIO AMEDEO III King of Sardinia] & his wife Infanta doña María Antonia Fernanda de Borbón y Farnesio (Turin 31 Jan 1756-Graz 2 Jun 1805, bur Santa Katharina, Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). She emigrated from France in Sep 1789, living in Turin as the “Marquise de Maisons”. She settled at Klagenfurt, Carinthia in 1796.

Charles & his wife had four children:

1. LOUIS d’Artois (Versailles 6 Aug 1775-Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 3 Jun 1844, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]). He was Duc d'Angoulême from birth. He was called “Monseigneur le Dauphin” from the accession of his father as king in 1824. He left France with his father in 1830, calling himself “Comte de Marnes”. m (Schloß Mittau, Kurland 10 Jun 1799) his first cousin MARIE THERESE de France Madame Royale, daughter of LOUIS XVI King of France & his wife Marie Antoinette Archduchess of Austria (Versailles 19 Dec 1778-Schloß Frohsdorf, near Vienna 19 Oct 1851, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). She was imprisoned in the Temple 13 Aug 1792, but allowed to leave France 25 Dec 1795. After this, she lived in exile in Vienna, Mittau, Warsaw and London. Having returned to France after the restoration, she exiled herself again in 1830, taking the title “Comtesse de Marnes”, and lived in Great Britain, Prague, Venice and Frohsdorf.

2. [SOPHIE] d’Artois (Versailles 5 Aug 1776-Versailles 5 Dec 1783). She was called “Mademoiselle”.

3. CHARLES d’Artois (Versailles 24 Jan 1778-assassinated Paris 14 Feb 1820, bur Saint-Denis). He was Duc de Berry from birth. m (by proxy Naples 24 Apr 1816, in person Notre-Dame, Paris 17 Jun 1816) as her first husband, donna MARIA CAROLINA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily [later Pss of the Two Sicilies], daughter of FRANCESCO Vicar-General of the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily [later FRANCESCO I King of the Two Sicilies] & his first wife Clementine Archduchess of Austria (Naples 5 Nov 1798-Schloß Brünnsee, Styria 17 Apr 1870, bur cemetery of Mureck, Brünnsee). In 1830, she left France for England under the title “Comtesse de Rosny”. She married secondly (secretly, Rome 14 Dec 1831) don Ettore Conte Lucchesi-Palli Principe di Campofranco, Duca della Grazia. She continued to be known as “la Duchesse de Berry” after her second marriage until she died. Mistress (1): AMY Brown, daughter of JOHN L Brown [Anglican priest, related to the lairds of Colstum] & his wife Mary Ann Deacon (Maidstone Kent 8 Apr 1783-Château de la Contrie par Couffé, Loire Atlantique 7 May 1876, bur cemetery of Couffé). Mistress (2): VIRGINIE Oreille, illegitimate daughter of JEAN Oreille & his mistress Marie Louise Bourguignon (Paris 8 Aug 1795-Paris Oct 1875). She was legitimated by the marriage of her parents. Actress under the name “Virginie Letellier”. She married (Paris 29 Jun 1843) François Touchard, son of Philippe François Touchard & his wife Marie Anne Geneviève Clausse (Paris 3 Dec 1795-Dec 1880). Mistress (3): LOUISE MELANIE Barbé dite Madame Thiryfoq, daughter of LOUIS ANTOINE Barbé [maître de vénerie du Duc de Berry] & his wife Jeanne Thiryfoq ([1802]-29 Oct 1887). Mistress (4): MARIE SOPHIE Delaroche, daughter of ---. Washerwoman at the Elysée palace. Charles & his wife had four children:

a) LOUISE ISABELLE d’Artois (Paris 13 Jul 1817-Paris 14 Jul 1817, bur Saint-Denis). She was called “Mademoiselle” from birth.

b) LOUIS d’Artois (b and d Paris 13 Sep 1818, bur Saint-Denis).

c) LOUISE d’Artois (Paris 21 Sep 1819-palazzo Giustiniani, Venice 1 Feb 1864, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). She was called “Mademoiselle” from birth, and after 1830 “Mademoiselle de Rosny”. Regent of Parma for her son Roberto I Duke of Parma, on the death of her husband. She left Parma 9 Jun 1859 and lived in Switzerland at Schloß Wartegg, Sankt-Gallen. m (Schloß Frohsdorf, near Vienna 10 Nov 1845) CARLO di Borbone Hereditary Prince of Lucca, son of CARLO LODOVICO di Borbone Duke of Lucca, Infante of Spain [later CARLO II Duke of Parma] & his wife Maria Teresa di Savoia Pss of Sardinia (Lucca 14 Jan 1823-assassinated Rome 27 Mar 1854, bur Pianore near Viareggio). He succeeded in 1849 as CARLO III Duke of Parma and Piacenza on the abdication of his father. He was created Infante of Spain 8 Oct 1852.

d) HENRI d’Artois (posthumously, Palais des Tuileries, Paris 29 Sep 1820-Schloß Frohsdorf, near Vienna 24 Aug 1883, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). Duc de Bordeaux from birth. Comte de Chambord 1821. His grandfather Charles X King of France abdicated in his favour 2 Aug 1830, but Henri never reigned. He passed the rest of his life in exile in Austria. He became head of the Royal House of France in 1844 on the death of his uncle. m (by proxy Modena 7 Nov 1846, in person Bruck an der Mur, Styria 16 Nov 1846) MARIA THERESIA Beatrice Gaëtane Archduchess of Austria-Este Pss of Modena, daughter of FRANCESCO IV Duke of Modena, Archduke of Austria-Este & his wife Maria Beatrice di Savoia Pss of Sardinia (Modena 14 Jul 1817-Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 25 Mar 1886, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]).

Charles had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

e) CHARLOTTE (London 13 Jul 1808-La Vigne, Faucigny, Piémont 13 Jul 1886). Comtesse d’Issoudun 10 Jun 1820. Legitimated. m (Paris 1^er 30 Sep 1823, church of Saint-Louis d’Antin 1 Oct 1823) FERDINAND de Faucigny-Lucinge, son of LOUIS CHARLES AMÉDÉE de Lucinge Comte et Marquis de Coligny & his wife Judith Pauline Zoé de Bernard de Sassenay (Versailles 8 Sep 1789-Paris 18 Mar 1866). Prince de Lucinge 27 Jan 1829. “Cousin du roi” 30 Mar 1829. Prince de Cystria. Seigneur de Thoire et de Coligny, Marquis de Lucinge-en-Faucigny et de Coligny-le-Neuf. Comte de Lucinge-en-Bresse et de Coligny-le-Vieux. Lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. Aide de camp of the Duc de Berry, later of the Duc de Bordeaux.

f) LOUISE (London 29 Dec 1809-Château de la Contrie par Couffé 26 Dec 1891). Comtesse de Vierzon 10 Jun 1820. Legitimated. m (Paris 16 Jun 1827) ATHANASE Charles Marin de Charette de la Contrie, son of URBAIN LOUIS de Charette de la Contrie, chevalier, Seigneur de la Contrie & his wife Marie Jeanne Louise Loysel (or Loaisel) (-Château de la Trémissinière par Saint-Donatien, Loire-Atlantique-Château de la Contrie par Couffé 16 Mar 1848).

Charles had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

g) CHARLES LOUIS AUGUSTE OREILLE [de Carrière] (Paris 4 Mar 1815-Paris 31 Aug 1858). Dit le chevalier de Carrière. m ELISABETH Jurgan, daughter of --- (1822- ---). Charles Louis Auguste & his wife had one child:

i) CHARLES CASIMIR Oreille de Carrière (Ferrapol, Austria 3 Aug 1842- ). Lyrical artiste. m (Paris 7 Sep 1876) MARGUERITE CAROLINE Chausseblanche, daughter of JULIEN Chausseblanche & his wife Caroline Frédérique Hedwige Probst (Paris 28 Aug 1857- ---). Actress.

h) FERDINAND Oreille [de Carrière] (Paris 11 Oct 1820-Neuilly-sur-Seine 27 Dec 1876). Lieutenant in the army. m LOUISE EUGENIE Ancelle, daughter of NARCISSE DESIRE Ancelle [notary, mayor of Neuilly] & his wife ---. Ferdinand & his wife had one child:

i) LEONIE MARIE PAULINE Oreille (Neuilly-sur-Seine 29 Apr 1861-Viroflay, Yvelines 26 Jul 1923). m (Paris 7 Oct 1884) JULES MARIE EMILE Challamel, son of PIERRE Challamel & his wife Victoire Marie Jeanne Banée (Paris 2 Nov 1853-Viroflay 28 Aug 1927). Avocat à la cour d’Appel de Paris, conseiller général de la Haute-Savoie.

Charles had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

i) CAROLINE Thiryfoq (Paris 15 Oct 1819-25 May 1843). m (Paris 22 Apr 1839) Jean Charles GASTON de Charron du Portail, Comte du Portail, son of PIERRE CHARLES de Charron Comte du Portail [naval officer] & his wife Claudine Mahé de Launay (Malmédy 1808-Brest 10 Jun 1855).

Charles had two illegitimate children by Mistress (4):

j) Comte FERDINAND de La Roche (Brussels 24 Sep 1817-Graz, Austria Jan 1909). Served in the infantry regiment of Albert Archduke of Austria. Lived at Linz. m (1837) --- de Mezinac de Baschet, daughter of ---.

k) CHARLES FERDINAND de La Roche (30 Mar 1820- ---). Employee in the ministry of war. Portrait painter. m JULIE SOPHIE FIDELE Dolé, daughter of ---. Charles Ferdinand & his wife had two children:

i) CHARLES FERDINAND de La Roche (Paris 10^e 2 Jan 1844- ---). Artist.

ii) CHARLES FERDINAND JULES de La Roche (Paris 10^e 2 Apr 1849- ---).

4. MARIE THERESE d’Artois (Versailles 6 Jan 1783-Choisy-le-Roi 22 Jun 1783, bur Saint-Denis). She was called “Mademoiselle d’Angoulême”.

C. DUC d’ORLEANS (1)

This section shows the descendants of Gaston Duc d’Orléans, younger son of Henri IV King of France. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1526]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

GASTON de France, son of HENRI IV King of France & his second wife Maria de' Medici Pss of Tuscany (Fontainebleau 25 Apr 1608-Château de Blois 2 Feb 1660, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou 24 May 1608. He was called “Monsieur d’Anjou”, “Monsieur” from 1611 to 1643, and afterwards “Monseigneur le Duc d’Orléans”. Duc d’Orléans et de Chartres, Comte de Blois Jul 1626. Governor and Lieutenant General of Languedoc. He plotted actively against Cardinal Richelieu all his life. Lieutenant General of the Kingdom 1640.

m firstly (contract Château de Nantes 5 Aug 1626, in person Nantes Cathedral 6 Aug 1626) MARIE de Bourbon Duchesse de Montpensier, daughter and heiress of HENRI de Bourbon Duc de Montpensier & his wife Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse Duchesse de Joyeuse (Château de Gaillon en Normandie 15 Oct 1605-Paris, Château du Louvre 4 Jun 1627, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

m secondly (Nancy 3 Jan 1632, annulled Paris 3 Apr 1634, remarried Paris 27 May 1643) MARGUERITE de Lorraine, daughter of FRANÇOIS II Duke of Lorraine and Bar & his wife Christina Katharina Gräfin von Salm (22 Jul 1615-Palais d’Orléans, Paris 3 Apr 1672, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as "Madame de France" from 1643.

Mistress (1): MARIE Porcher, daughter of ---.

Mistress (2): LOUISE-ROGER de La Marbelière, daughter of ---.

Gaston & his first wife had one child:

1. ANNE MARIE LOUISE d’Orléans (Palais du Louvre, Paris 29 May 1627-Palais d’Orléans, Paris 5 Apr 1693). She succeeded her mother soon after her birth as Duchesse de Montpensier. She was called “Mademoiselle” until 1662, and “Mademoiselle d’Orléans” thereafter. She declared her proposal to marry the Comte de Lauzun [8/15] Dec 1670. The king formally opposed the marriage 18 Dec 1670. Maybe m ([1682/84]) ANTOINE NOMPAR de Caumont Comte de Lauzun, son of GABRIEL NOMPAR de Caumont Comte de Lauzun & his second wife Charlotte de Caumont de la Force (Château de Lauzun, Lot-et-Garonne May 1633-Paris 19 Nov 1723, bur Augustins du Faubourg Saint-Germain). Mademoiselle d’Orléans gave him the principality of Dombes and the duchy of Montpensier 17 Dec 1670, which he renounced in Oct 1681. Thereupon she gave him the duchy of Saint-Fargeau, which he sold to the banker Crozat 5 Feb 1714. He was arrested 25 Nov 1671 and kept a prisoner at Pignerol for 10 years. He was appointed general 1 Oct 1690, and led the king’s troops sent to Ireland to support the deposed James II King of England. He was created Duc de Lauzun May 1692. He married (maybe secondly, Paris 21 May 1695) Geneviève Marie de Durfort, Mademoiselle de Quintin, daughter of Guy Aldonce de Durfort Duc de Quintin-Lorges & his wife Geneviève de Frémont.

Gaston & his second wife had five children:

2. MARGUERITE LOUISE d’Orléans (Palais d’Orléans, Paris 28 Jul 1645-Paris 17 Sep 1721, bur Picpus). She was known as “Mademoiselle d’Orléans”. In 1675, Marguerite returned to France where she lived separated from her husband. m (by proxy Palais du Louvre, Paris 19 Apr 1661, in person Florence 22 Jun 1661) COSIMO de’ Medici Prince of Tuscany, son of FERDINANDO II Grand Duke of Tuscany & his wife Vittoria della Rovere Duchess of Urbino (Florence 14 Aug 1642-Florence 31 Oct 1723). He succeeded his father in 1670 as COSIMO III Grand Duke of Tuscany.

3. ELISABETH d’Orléans (Palais d’Orléans, Paris 26 Dec 1646-Versailles 17 Mar 1696, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle d’Alençon”. Abbess of Remiremont 1648-1657. She received the duchy of Angoulême 30 Apr 1675. m (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 15 May 1667) LOUIS JOSEPH de Guise Duc de Guise, de Joyeuse et d’Angoulême, son of LOUIS de Guise Duc de Joyeuse et d’Angoulême, Comte d’Eu & his wife Françoise Marie de Valois Duchesse d’Angoulême (7 Aug 1650-Hôtel de Guise, Paris 30 Jul 1671, bur Joinville).

4. FRANÇOISE MADELEINE d’Orléans (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 13 Oct 1648-Turin 14 Jan 1664, bur Turin cathedral). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Valois”. She was later known as "la Colombina d'Amore". m (by proxy Palais du Louvre, Paris 4 Mar 1663, in person Annecy 3 Apr 1663) as his first wife, CHARLES EMMANUEL II Duke of Savoy, son of VICTOR AMEDEE I Duke of Savoy & his wife Christine de France (Turin 20 Jun 1634-Turin 12 Jun 1675).

5. [JEAN GASTON] d’Orléans (Palais d’Orléans 17 Aug 1650-palais d’Orléans 10 Aug 1652, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Valois from birth.

6. MARIE ANNE d’Orléans (Palais d’Orléans 9 Nov 1652-Blois 17 Aug 1656, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Chartres”.

Gaston had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

7. MARIE bâtarde d’Orléans (Paris 1 Jan 1631- ---).

Gaston had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

8. JEAN LOUIS bâtard d’Orléans dit le chevalier de Charny (Tours, Indre-et-Loire 1638-Spain 22 Aug 1692). Comte de Charny. General in the Spanish army. Governor of Oran. Mistress (1): doña ISABEL de Watteville y Monresier, daughter of don Felipe de Watteville & his wife doña Juana Monresier (Paris --- - ---). Augustine nun at Brussels. Jean Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) don MANUEL LUIS de Orleans y de Watteville (Brussels 25 Aug 1677-Naples 14 May 1740). Comte de Charny. Created Duque de Castellamare in 1736 by Felipe V King of Spain. Grandee of Spain first class 1740. Governor of Jaca Mar 1719, Governor of Ceuta Jul 1725. Captain-General of the Spanish army 1734. Captain-General of the army of the king of Naples 1736. m firstly doña TERESA Godoy Ponce de Leon y Cades de Badajoz, daughter of don DIEGO ATANASIO de Godoy y Ponce de Leon Conde de Val de Lagrana & doña Alfonsa Chaves de Badajoz y Texedra (1682-Livorno 28 Aug 1734, bur church of Santo Francesco, Livorno). m secondly (Naples 2 Feb 1739) ---, daughter of --- Principe della Scala Spinelli & his wife ---.

D. DUCS de VENDÔME

This section shows the descendants of César de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme, legitimated son of Henri IV King of France by Gabrielle d’Estrées. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1527]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

CESAR de Bourbon, illegitimate son of HENRI IV King of France & his mistress Gabrielle d’Estrées (Château de Coucy, Picardie Jun 1594-Paris 22 Oct 1665, bur église des Pères de l’Oratoire, Vendôme). Légitimé de France Jan 1595. Duc de Vendôme 1598. Duc d’Etampes, de Mercœur, de Beaufort et de Penthièvre. Pair de France, prince de Martigues, Comte de Buzençois, Seigneur d’Anet. Governor of Brittany 1598-3 Jun 1626.

m (Fontainebleau 16 Jul 1608) FRANÇOISE de Lorraine Mademoiselle de Mercœur, daughter and heiress of PHILIPPE EMMANUEL de Lorraine Duc de Mercœur & his wife Marie de Luxembourg Duchesse d’Etampes et de Penthièvre, Vicomtesse de Martigues (Nov 1591-Paris 8 Sep 1669, bur Paris église des Capucins). She succeeded her father in 1602 as Duchesse de Mercœur. Dame de Nomény, until 1612. She succeeded her mother in 1623 as Duchesse de Penthièvre.

César & his wife had three children:

1. LOUIS de Vendôme (Paris Dec 1612-Aix-en-Provence 6 Aug 1669, bur église collégiale Saint-Georges, Vendôme). Duc de Vendôme, de Mercœur, d’Etampes et de Penthièvre. Prince de Martigues, Seigneur d’Anet. Governor of Provence. Viceroy in Catalonia 1650. He became a priest after his wife died in 1657. Created a cardinal 7 Mar 1667 by Pope Alexander VII, after which he was called le cardinal or le Cardinal-Duc de Vendôme. m (Paris 4 Feb 1651) LAURA Mancini, daughter of MICHELE LORENZO Mancini & his wife Hieronima Mazarini (1636-Paris 8 Feb 1657, bur convent of the Capucins Paris). Louis & his wife had three children:

a) LOUIS JOSEPH de Vendôme (Paris 30 Jun 1654-Vinaros, Spain 11 Jun 1712, bur El Escorial). Duc de Penthièvre et de Mercœur during the life of his father. He succeeded his father in 1669 as Duc de Vendôme et d’Etampes, and Prince de Martigues, Seigneur d’Anet. Governor of Provence 1669. General and Viceroy of Catalonia 1695-1697. He was proclaimed a prince of the blood 23 Mar 1712 by Felipe V King of Spain. m (Château de Sceaux 15 May 1710) MARIE ANNE de Bourbon Mademoiselle d’Enghien, daughter of HENRI JULES de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anna Henrietta Julia Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Paris 24 Feb 1678-Paris 11 Apr 1718, bur convent of the Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris).

b) PHILIPPE de Vendôme (Paris 23 Aug 1655-Paris 24 Jan 1727, bur Temple, Paris). Le chevalier de Vendôme. Knight of Malta 1666. Grand Prior of France 1678-1719. Lieutenant General of the King’s armies 1693. Abbé de la Trinité de Vendôme et de Saint-Victor de Marseille 25 Jul 1662-1703.

c) JULES CESAR de Vendôme (Paris 27 Jan 1657-Paris 28 Jul 1660, bur église des Capucins Paris)

Louis had one illegitimate child by an unknown Mistress:

d) FRANÇOISE d’Anet (--- -7 Jun 1696). m --- Arquier, son of ---.

2. ELISABETH de Vendôme (Paris Aug 1614-Paris 19 May 1664, bur convent of the Filles de Sainte-Marie de la rue Saint-Antoine Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Vendôme”. m (Le Louvre, Paris 11 Jul 1643) CHARLES AMEDEE de Savoie Duc de Nemours, Duc d’Aumâle, son of HENRI de Savoie Duc de Nemours & his wife Anne d’Aumâle Duchesse d’Aumâle (Paris 12 Apr 1624-Paris 30 Jul 1652). Prince de Genève. He was killed in a duel by his wife’s brother François de Vendôme Duc de Beaufort.

3. FRANÇOIS de Vendôme (Paris Jan 1616-at the siege of Candia 25 Jun 1669). Duc de Beaufort, pair de France, dit le “roi des Halles”.

E. DUC d’ORLEANS (2)

This section shows the descendants of Philippe Duc d’Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII King of France, until the accession of Louis Philippe Duc d’Orléans as “King of the French” in 1830. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1528]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS XIII King of France & his wife Infanta doña Ana of Spain [Anne d’Autriche] (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 21 Sep 1640-Château de Saint-Cloud 9 Jun 1701, bur Saint-Denis). Duc d’Anjou from birth. He was called “Monsieur”. Duc d’Orléans, de Chartres, de Valois, de Nemours et de Montpensier, Prince de Joinville, Comte de Beaujolais, de Dourdan et de Romorantin in Mar 1661, following the death of Gaston de France Duc d’Orléans.

m firstly (Palais Royale, Paris 31 Mar 1661) his first cousin, HENRIETTA ANNE Pss of England and Scotland, daughter of CHARLES I King of England and Scotland & his wife Henriette Marie de France (Bedford House, Exeter 16 Jun 1644-Château de Saint Cloud 30 Jun 1670, bur Saint Denis).

m secondly (by proxy Metz 16 Nov 1671, in person Châlons-sur-Marne 21 Nov 1671) ELISABETH CHARLOTTE Pfalzgräfin am Rhein, daughter of KARL I LUDWIG Elector Palatine & his first wife Charlotte Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel (Heidelberg 27 May 1652-Château de Saint-Cloud 8 Dec 1722, bur Saint-Denis).

Philippe & his first wife had five children:

1. MARIE LOUISE d’Orléans (Palais Royal, Paris 27 Mar 1662-Madrid 12 Feb 1689, bur El Escorial). She was known as “Mademoiselle”. m (by proxy Fontainebleau 31 Aug 1679, in person Quintanapalla, near Burgos 18 Nov 1679) as his first wife, CARLOS II King of Spain, son of FELIPE IV King of Spain & his second wife Maria Anna Archduchess of Austria (Madrid 6 Nov 1661-Madrid 1 Nov 1700, bur El Escorial).

2. PHILIPPE CHARLES d’Orléans (Fontainebleau 16 Jul 1664-Palais Royal 8 Dec 1666, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Valois from birth.

3. [daughter] d’Orléans (Versailles stillborn 9 Jul 1665, bur Saint-Denis).

4. [son] d’Orléans (stillborn Aug/Sep 1667).

5. ANNE MARIE d’Orléans (Saint-Cloud 27 Aug 1669-Turin 26 Aug 1728, bur Superga). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Valois”. From 1679, she was called “Mademoiselle”, and from 1720 “Madame Royale”. She asserted her rights of succession to the crowns of England and Scotland. Her descendants, the Dukes of Bavaria, hold the senior rights of succession but are excluded as Roman Catholics under English law. m (by proxy Palais Royal 10 Apr 1684 in person Chambéry 6 May 1684) as his first wife, VICTOR AMEDEE II Duke of Savoy, son of CHARLES EMMANUEL II Duke of Savoy & his second wife Marie Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie-Nemours (Turin 14 May 1666-Moncalieri 31 Oct 1732, bur Superga). He was proclaimed King of Sicily 22 Sep 1713, but exchanged Sicily for Sardinia and was proclaimed VITTORIO AMEDEO I King of Sardinia 2 Aug 1718. He abdicated in favour of his son 3 Sep 1730.

Philippe & his second wife had children:

6. ALEXANDRE LOUIS d’Orléans (Saint-Cloud 2 Jun 1673-Palais Royal, Paris 16 Mar 1676, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Valois from birth.

7. PHILIPPE d'Orléans (St. Cloud 2 Aug 1674-Versailles 2 Dec 1723, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Chartres from birth. Duc d’Orléans on the death of his father 1701.

- see below.

8. ELISABETH CHARLOTTE d’Orléans (St. Cloud 13 Sep 1676-Commercy 23 Dec 1744, bur église des Cordeliers, Nancy). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Chartres”, and called “Mademoiselle” from 1684. She was Regent of Lorraine from 1729. m (by proxy Fontainebleau 23 Oct 1698, in person Bar-le-Duc 25 Nov 1698) LEOPOLD JOSEPH de Lorraine Hereditary Duke of Lorraine, son of CHARLES V Duke of Lorraine & his wife Eleonora Maria Archduchess of Austria (Innsbruck 11 Sep 1679-Château de Ménil 27 Mar 1729, bur Nancy Saint-Georges). He succeeded as LEOPOLD JOSEPH Duke of Lorraine.

PHILIPPE d'Orléans, son of PHILIPPE de France Duc d’Orléans & his second wife Elisabeth Charlotte Pfalzgräfin am Rhein (St. Cloud 2 Aug 1674-Versailles 2 Dec 1723, bur Saint-Denis). Duc de Chartres from birth. He succeeded in 1701 as Duc d’Orléans on the death of his father. Named President of the Regency Council during the minority of King Louis XV in the testament of King Louis XIV. He succeeded in having the parliament amend this testamentary disposition and had himself recognised as sole Regent from 1715 to 1723 during Louis XV’s minority.

m (Versailles 18 Feb 1692) FRANÇOISE MARIE de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois, legitimated daughter of LOUIS XIV King of France & his mistress Françoise-Athénaïse de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquise de Montespan, née de Rochechouart de Mortemart (Château de Maintenon 9 Feb 1677-Paris 1 Feb 1749, bur church of la Madeleine de Tresnel, Paris).

Mistress (1): LEONORE ---, daughter of --- [the concierge of the garde-meuble of the Palais-Royal] & his wife ---.

Mistress (2): FLORENCE Pellerin dite Mademoiselle Florence, daughter of --- [the owner of a cabaret in the Faubourg Saint-Germain] & his wife --- ([1660]-died in a convent before 26 Jul 1716). Dancer at the Opéra.

Mistress (3): MARIE LOUISE MADELEINE VICTORINE Le Bel de la Boissière de Séry dite Mademoiselle de Séry, daughter of DANIEL Le Bel Seigneur de la Boissière & his wife Anne de Masparant (Rouen [1680]-Paris 4 Mar 1748). Comtesse d’Argenton. m (1713) --- le chevalier de Forbin d’Oppède.

Mistress (4): CHRISTINE ANTOINETTE CHARLOTTE Desmares, daughter of NICOLAS Desmares & his wife Anne Dennebault (Copenhagen 1682-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 12 Sep 1753). Tragedy actress at the Comédie Française. She was mistress of Louis Dauphin de France before becoming mistress of Philippe Duc d’Orléans.

Philippe & his wife had eight children:

1. [daughter] d’Orléans (Marly 17 Dec 1693-Palais Royal 17 Oct 1694, bur Vale de Grâce, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Valois”.

2. MARIE LOUISE ELISABETH d’Orléans (Versailles 20 Aug 1695-Château de la Muette 21 Jul 1719, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as Mademoiselle de Chartres, and was called “Mademoiselle” from 1698 after the birth of her younger sister. m firstly (Versailles 6 Jul 1710) CHARLES de France Duc de Berry, son of LOUIS Dauphin de France & his first wife Maria Anna Herzogin von Bayern (Versailles 31 Aug 1686-Marly 4 May 1714, bur Saint-Denis). m secondly (in secret, 1716) ARMAND AUGUSTE d'Aydie Comte de Rions, son of AMÉ BLAISE d’Aydie chevalier, Comte de Benauges, Baron de Rions, dit le Comte d’Aydie & his wife Thérèse Diane de Bautru Nogent (Versailles 22 Sep 1692-Paris 26 Mar 1741). He was nephew of the Duc de Lauzun. Lieutenant of the guards of the duchesse de Berry 1715. Governor of Cognac 1717, which he was obliged to resign in 1722.

3. LOUISE ADELAÏDE d’Orléans (Versailles 13 Aug 1698-convent of la Madeleine de Tresnel, Paris 19 Feb 1743, bur the same place). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Chartres”, called “Mademoiselle d’Orléans” from 1716, and later “Mademoiselle”. A nun in the order of Saint-Benoît in the Abbaye de Chelles 30 Mar 1717, under the name Sœur Bathilde. She became abbess 14 Sep 1719, but resigned 5 Oct 1734.

4. CHARLOTTE AGLÄE d’Orléans (Paris 22 Oct 1700-Palais de Luxembourg, Paris 19 Jan 1761, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Valois”, called “Mademoiselle” from 1718. m (by proxy Les Tuileries, Paris 12 Feb 1720, in person Modena 21 Jun 1720) as his first wife, FRANCESCO d’Este Hereditary Duke of Modena, son of RINALDO d’Este Duke of Modena & his wife Charlotte Felizitas Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Modena 2 Jul 1698-Varese 22 Feb 1780). He succeeded his father in 1737 as FRANCESCO III Duke of Modena and Reggio.

5. LOUIS d’Orléans (Versailles 4 Aug 1703-Abbaye de Sainte-Geneviève, Paris 4 Feb 1752, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). Duc de Chartres from birth. Lieutenant General and Governor of the Dauphiné 27 Aug 1719. He succeeded his father in 1723 as Duc d’Orléans.

- see below.

6. LOUISE ELISABETH d’Orléans (Versailles 11 Dec 1709-Palais de Luxembourg, Paris 16 Jun 1742, bur Saint-Sulpice, Paris). She was known as Mademoiselle de Montpensier, called “Mademoiselle” from 1720. After the death of her husband, she returned to France, living first at the Château de Vincennes, later at the Palais de Luxembourg. m (Lerma 20 Jan 1722) Infante don LUÍS de Borbón y Saboia Principe de Asturias, son of FELIPE V King of Spain & his first wife Marie Louise Gabrielle Pss of Savoy (Buen Retiro, Madrid 25 Aug 1707-Madrid 31 Aug 1724, bur El Escorial). He succeeded as LUIS I King of Spain on the abdication of his father in 1723.

7. PHILIPPE ELISABETH d’Orléans (Versailles 18 Dec 1714-Bagnolet 21 May 1734). She was known as Mademoiselle de Beaujolais. She was sent back to France in May 1725. Betrothed (26 Nov 1722) to Infante don CARLOS de Borbón y Farnesio, son of FELIPE V King of Spain & his second wife Elisabetta Maria Farnese Pss of Parma [Isabel Farnesio] (Madrid 20 Jan 1716-Madrid 14 Dec 1788, bur El Escorial). He succeeded his brother in 1759 as CARLOS III King of Spain.

8. LOUISE DIANE d’Orléans (Paris 27 Jun 1716-Château d’Issy-sur-Seine 26 Sep 1736, bur église de Saint-André-des-Arts, Paris). She was known as Mademoiselle de Chartres. m (Versailles 22 Jan 1732) LOUIS FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti, Duc de Mercœur, son of LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti, Duc de Mercœur & his wife Louise Elisabeth de Bourbon-Condé Mademoiselle de Bourbon (Paris 13 Aug 1717-Le Temple, Paris 2 Aug 1776, bur l’Isle-Adam).

Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

9. daughter [de Bourbon] ([1688]- ---). m HENRI de Charency, son of --- [counsellor at Riom en Auvergne] & his wife ---.

Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

10. CHARLES de Saint-Albin bâtard d’Orléans (5 Apr 1698-Rue de Bourbon, Paris 9 May 1764, bur Saint-Sulpice, Paris). He was known as “l’abbé de Saint-Albin” and “l’abbé d’Orléans”. He was baptised at Saint-Eustache, Paris, as the son of Sieur Coche, who was first valet de chambre of his grandfather the Duc d’Orléans. Légitimé Jul 1706. Abbé de Saint-Ouen at Rouen 21 Jan 1716. Abbé de Saint-Evroult at Lisieux 11 Jan 1721. Bishop and Duc de Laon 6 Oct 1721. Archbishop and Duc de Cambrai, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, 17 Oct 1723.

Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):

11. JEAN PHILIPPE FRANÇOIS JEAN PAUL bâtard d’Orléans (Chilly-Mazarin, Essonne 28 Aug 1702-Paris 16 Jun 1748). He was known as “le chevalier d’Orléans”. Légitimé Jul 1706. Entered the Order of Malta 17 Jul 1719, with papal dispensation, installed as Grand Prior 28 Sep 1719. Abbé d’Hauvilliers. Grandee of Spain First Class 28 Feb 1723. Mistress (1): AMABLE GABRIELLE de Villars née de Noailles, daughter of ADRIEN MAURICE de Noailles Duc de Noailles & his wife Françoise Charlotte Amable d’Aubigny, Dame de Maintenon (18 Feb 1706-Sep 1742). m (5 Aug 1721) Honoré Armand de Villars Duc de Villars, son of --- (--- -May 1770). Jean Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) AMABLE ANGELIQUE de Villars (18 Mar 1723- Versailles 16 Sep 1771). She was known as Mademoiselle de Villars. After she was widowed, she became a nun 18 Jun 1754 at the convent du Calvaire, Paris. m (4 Feb 1744) GUI FELIX Pignatelli Graaf van Egmont, Prince de Gavre, Duca di Bisaccia, son of PROCOPE CHARLES NICOLAS Pignatelli Duca di Bisaccia & his wife Henriette Julie de Duras (5 Nov 1720-3 Jul 1753).

Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):

12. PHILIPPE ANGELIQUE [d’Orléans] ([1702]-15 Oct 1785, bur Saint-Eustache, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Froissy”. Légitimée 22 Apr 1722. m (Gagny 12 Sep 1718) HENRI FRANÇOIS de Ségur Comte de Ségur, son of HENRI JOSEPH de Ségur & his wife Claude Elisabeth Binet (1 Jun 1689-Metz 19 Jun 1751). Lieutenant General of the provinces of Champagne, Brie and Foix. Lieutenant General of the king’s armies.

LOUIS d’Orléans, son of PHILIPPE Duc d’Orléans & his wife Françoise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Versailles 4 Aug 1703-Abbaye de Sainte-Geneviève, Paris 4 Feb 1752, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). Duc de Chartres from birth. Lieutenant General and Governor of the Dauphiné 27 Aug 1719. He succeeded his father in 1723 as Duc d’Orléans.

m (by proxy Rastatt 18 Jun 1724, in person Sarry 13 Jul 1724) AUGUSTA Markgräfin von Baden-Baden, daughter of LUDWIG WILHELM Markgraf von Baden-Baden & his wife Maria Sibylle Auguste Pss von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Aschaffenburg 10 Nov 1704-Palais Royal, Paris 8 Aug 1726, bur Saint-Denis).

Louis & his wife had two children:

1. LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans (Versailles 12 May 1725-Château de Sainte-Assise-en-Brie 18 Nov 1785, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). Duc de Chartres from birth. Maréchal de camp 2 Jul 1743. Lieutenant General of the King’s armies 2 May 1744. Lieutenant General and Governor of the Dauphiné 8 Nov 1747. He succeeded his father in 1752 as Duc d’Orléans.

- see below.

2. LOUISE MARIE d’Orléans (Palais Royal 5 Aug 1726-St.Cloud 14 May 1728, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle”.

LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans, son of LOUIS d’Orléans Duc d’Orléans & his wife Augusta Maria Johanna Markgräfin von Baden-Baden (Versailles 12 May 1725-Château de Sainte-Assise-en-Brie 18 Nov 1785, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). Duc de Chartres from birth. Maréchal de camp 2 Jul 1743. Lieutenant General of the King’s armies 2 May 1744. Lieutenant General and Governor of the Dauphiné 8 Nov 1747. He succeeded his father in 1752 as Duc d’Orléans.

m firstly (Versailles 17 Dec 1743) LOUISE HENRIETTE de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Conti, daughter of LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Louise Elisabeth de Bourbon (Paris 20 Jan 1726-Paris 9 Feb 1759, bur Saint-Denis). She was heiress of the duchy of Etampes.

m secondly (in secret, Hôtel de Montesson, Paris 23 Apr 1773) CHARLOTTE JEANNE Marquise de Montesson née Bérault de la Haye de Riou Mademoiselle de la Haye, widow of JEAN BAPTISTE de Montesson Marquis de Montesson, daughter of LOUIS Bérault de la Haye, titré marquis, Seigneur de la Gauvrière & his second wife Marie Josèphe Minard (Paris 4 Oct 1738-Paris 5 Feb 1806, bur église de Saint-Port, paroisse de Sainte-Assise near Melun).

Mistress (1): ETIENNETTE Le Marquis dite Mademoiselle de Villemomble, daughter of --- (Dinan, Côtes-du-Nord [1737]-Paris 9 Feb 1806). Dancer at the Comédie Italienne.

Louis Philippe & his first wife had three children:

1. [daughter] d’Orléans (13 Jul 1745-St.Cloud 14 Dec 1745, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle”.

2. PHILIPPE d’Orléans (Château de Saint-Cloud 13 Apr 1747-guillotined Paris 6 Nov 1793, bur cemetery of Monceau). He was Duc de Montpensier from birth. From the death of his grandfather in 1752, he bore the title Duc de Chartres. Lieutenant General of the king’s armies 27 Jul 1778. He succeeded his father in 1785 as Duc d’Orléans.

- see below.

3. BATHILDE d’Orléans (Château de Saint-Cloud 9 Jul 1750-Paris 10 Jan 1822, bur Dreux). She was known as “Mademoiselle”. Favourable to the ideas of the revolution, nevertheless she was arrested and imprisoned Apr 1793. She was banished 4 Sep 1797, and thereafter lived in Barcelona. She returned to France in 1814. She published several works on mysticism, which shocked the orthodox clergy. m (Versailles 24 Apr 1770, separated 12 Nov 1780) LOUIS HENRI JOSEPH de Bourbon, son of LOUIS JOSEPH de Bourbon Prince de Condé & his first wife Charlotte Pss de Rohan-Soubise (Paris 13 Apr 1756-Château de Saint-Leu, Taverny 27 Aug 1830, bur Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 1818 as Duc de Bourbon. He assumed the title Prince de Condé in Aug 1830.

Louis Philippe had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1): .

4. LOUIS ETIENNE Comte de Saint-Farre [Saint-Phar] (Paris 21 Jan 1759-place Vendôme, Paris 24 Jul 1825, bur Père Lachaise cemetery). L’abbé de Saint-Farre. Abbé de Livry 1781. He was legitimated by King Louis XVIII in 1815.

5. LOUIS PHILIPPE Comte de Saint Albin (Charenton 7 Jul 1761-Paris 13 Jun 1829, bur Père Lachaise cemetery). L’abbé de Saint-Albin. Prior of Gournay-sur-Marne and of the Abbaye de Chaumont. He was legitimated by King Louis XVIII in 1815.

6. MARIE ETIENNETTE PERRINE d’Auvilliers Mademoiselle de Villemomble (Charenton 7 Jul 1761-Iles Bardel, Calvados 11 Jun 1820). m (Saint-Eustache 17 Mar 1778) FRANÇOIS CONSTANTIN de Brossard dit le Comte de Brossard, Seigneur des Iles-Bardel, son of JOSEPH FRANÇOIS XAVIER de Brossard chevalier Seigneur des Iles Bardel & his wife Marie Madeleine de Marseille (1739-18 Jan 1822). Ecuyer cavalcadour du Duc d’Orléans 1774. Maréchal de camp.

PHILIPPE d’Orléans, son of LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres [later Duc d’Orléans] & his first wife Louise Henriette de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Conti (Château de Saint-Cloud 13 Apr 1747-guillotined Paris 6 Nov 1793, bur cemetery of Monceau). From the death of his grandfather 1752, he bore the title Duc de Chartres. Lieutenant General of the King’s armies 27 Jul 1778. Grandmaster of the Freemasons, he adopted liberal ideas and used his fortune to support them. He succeeded his father in 1785 as Duc d’Orléans. Elected to the Etats-Généraux, he voted for all the major reforms. On his request, the commune of Paris declared 15 Sep 1792 that he and his descendants would bear the name “Egalité”. He formally renounced his rights to the succession, to the name Orléans, and to the title of prince, and assumed the name “PHILIPPE Egalité”. He voted for the republic and for the death of his cousin the king. In Apr 1793, Philippe was nevertheless imprisoned, tried, and sentenced to death by the revolutionary tribunal of Paris for having “aspired to royalty”.

m (Versailles 5 Apr 1769, separated 25 Jul 1792) LOUISE MARIE ADELAÏDE de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Penthièvre, daughter of LOUIS JEAN de Bourbon Duc de Penthièvre & his wife Maria Teresa Felicita d’Este Pss of Modena (Paris 13 Mar 1753-Ivry-sur-Seine 23 Jun 1821). Heiress of all the assets and titles of the house of Bourbon-Toulouse (including the counties of Penthièvre, Aumâle, Châteauvillain, Eu, Gisors and Dreux) on the death of her brother in 1768.

Mistress (1): MARGUERITE FRANÇOISE dite Agnès Buffon née de Bouvier de Cépoy, wife of GEORGES LOUIS MARIE Le Clerc Comte de Buffon [son of the naturalist], daughter of GUILLAUME FRANÇOIS de Bouvier chevalier, Marquis de Cépoy & his wife Elisabeth Amarante Jogues de Martainville (Paris 1767-1808). She was divorced by her husband 14 Jan 1793. She married secondly (2 Oct 1799) Julien Raphaël Renouard de Bussière dit Monsieur de Senans (14 May 1774-17 Sep 1804). She married thirdly --- [a Swiss].

Philippe & his wife had six children:

1. [daughter] d’Orléans (stillborn Palais Royal, Paris 10 Oct 1771, bur Saint-Eustache).

2. LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans (Palais Royal 6 Oct 1773-Claremont House, Surrey 26 Aug 1850). He was Duc de Valois from birth. On the death of his grandfather in 1785, he became Duc de Chartres. Like his father, he adopted republican ideas, entered the Jacobin club 2 Nov 1790, signing himself “citoyen Chartres”. However, he deserted from the French republican army and emigrated to Switzerland in Apr 1793. He succeeded on the death of his father in 1793 as Duc d'Orléans. During his exile, he travelled in Scandinavia, the United States, and England, finally settling in Twickenham. He returned to France in 1814, and was named Colonel General of the hussars 15 May, and Lieutenant General 18 May 1814. He and his family were created Royal Highnesses 21 Sep 1824. King Charles X named him “Lieutenant General of the Kingdom” at Rambouillet 1 Aug 1830. He was declared LOUIS PHILIPPE King of the French by the Parliament 7 Aug 1830. m (Palermo 25 Nov 1809) donna MARIA AMELIA di Borbone Pss of Naples and Sicily, daughter of FERDINANDO II ex-King of Naples [FERDINANDO III ex-King of Sicily] [later restored, later FERDINANDO I King of the Two Sicilies] & his first wife Maria Carolina Archduchess of Austria (Caserta 26 Apr 1782-Claremont House, near Esher, Surrey 24 Mar 1866, bur chapelle Saint Louis, Dreux).

- DUCS d’ORLEANS, COMTES de PARIS.

3. ANTOINE PHILIPPE d’Orléans (Palais Royal 3 Jul 1775-Salt Hill, near Windsor 18 May 1807, bur Westminster). Duc de Montpensier from birth. He served in the French army but was held captive 1793-1796. He left France in 1796 for the United States, and later Great Britain. Mistress (1): FRANÇOISE Dentend née Barbaroux dite Miette, wife of MICHEL Dentend, daughter of ---. She served the Duc de Montpensier during his captivity at the fort Saint-Jean, Marseille. Antoine had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

a) JEAN ANTOINE PHILIPPE Dentend (Marseille 6 Jul 1797-Paris 5 Mar 1858). He was brought to Paris by Louis XVIII in 1814. He became notary to the king in Paris in 1829. m MARIE ADRIENNE PAULINE Pingré de Fricourt, daughter of --- (--- -17 Dec 1889).

4. [daughter] d’Orléans (Palais Royal 23 Aug 1777-6 Feb 1782, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). She was known as “Mademoiselle d’Orléans”.

5. EUGENE ADELAÏDE LOUISE d’Orléans (Palais Royal 23 Aug 1777-Palais de Tuileries 31 Dec 1847, bur Dreux). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Chartres”, called “Mademoiselle d’Orléans” from 1782, “Mademoiselle” from 1783 to 1812, and “Mademoiselle” Adélaïde 1812-1830. She was created Royal Highness at the same time as her brother, and was called “Madame la Princesse Adélaïde d’Orléans” from 1830.

6. LOUIS CHARLES d’Orléans (Paris 7 Oct 1779-Valletta, Malta 30 May 1808, bur Cathedral of St John, Valletta, Malta). Comte de Beaujolais from birth. He assumed the first names “Alphonse Léodegar” during the revolution and was called “Léodegar Egalité”. He left France for the United States in 1796 with his brother.

Philippe had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

7. [---] le chevalier de Saint-Pol (23 Oct 1793-Badajoz 23 Apr 1812). He was an officer of the British army in Spain.

F. DUCS de PENTHIEVRE

LOUIS ALEXANDRE de Bourbon, legitimated son of LOUIS XIV King of France & his mistress Françoise-Athénaïse de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquise de Montespan née de Rochechouart de Mortemart (Versailles 6 Jun 1678-Château de Rambouillet 1 Dec 1737, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). Légitimé de France, as Comte de Toulouse, Nov 1681. Amiral de France Nov 1683. Governor of Guyenne Jan 1689-Mar 1695. He acquired the title Duc et pair de Damville 21 Jul 1694, along with its territories, selling it 20 Sep 1719. Governor of Brittany Mar 1695. Maréchal de camp 3 Jan 1696, Lieutenant General of the king’s armies 3 Aug 1697. He bought the territories of Penthièvre 23 Jun 1696 from his sister Marie Anne de Bourbon, widow of the Prince de Conti, and was confirmed as Duc et pair de Penthièvre 1 Apr 1697. Duc de Châteauvillain May 1703. Duc de Rambouillet May 1711. Grand veneur of France 23 Apr 1714. He was declared “prince du sang” for himself and his male descendants by edict Jul 1714, with the right to succeed to the throne. This edict was revoked by the parliament after the death of King Louis XIV. He was a member of the Regency Council during the minority of King Louis XV.

m (as her second husband, Paris 2 Feb 1723) as her second husband, MARIE VICTOIRE SOPHIE de Noailles, widow of LOUIS de Pardaillan d’Antin Marquis de Gondrin [grandson of Madame de Montespan], daughter of ANNE JULES de Noailles Duc de Noailles & his wife Marie Françoise de Bournonville (6 May 1688-Paris 30 Sep 1766, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux).

Mistress (1): MADELEINE Aumont, daughter of ---.

Louis Alexandre & his wife had one child:

1. LOUIS JEAN MARIE de Bourbon (Château de Rambouillet 16 Nov 1725-Château de Bizy near Vernon 4 Mar 1793, bur Dreux). Duc de Penthièvre, de Châteauvillain et de Rambouillet. Amiral de France 1 Dec 1737. Grand veneur de France 1 Jan 1738, resigning in favour of his son 1 Jun 1755, but resuming this function in 1768. Governor and Lieutenant General of Brittany 1 Mar 1744. Maréchal de camp 2 Jul 1743, Lieutenant General of the king’s armies 2 May 1744. The king sold the duchy of Aumâle, the county of Eu and the principality of Anet to him 28 Aug 1775. m (Versailles 29 Dec 1744) MARIA TERESA FELICITA d’Este Pss of Modena, daughter of FRANCESCO III Duke of Modena & his wife Charlotte Agläé d’Orléans (Modena 6 Oct 1726-Paris 30 Apr 1754, bur Rambouillet, later transferred to Dreux). Louis Jean Marie & his wife had seven children:

a) LOUIS MARIE de Bourbon (Versailles 2 Jan 1746-Versailles 13 Nov 1749, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). Duc de Rambouillet.

b) LOUIS ALEXANDRE Joseph Stanislas de Bourbon (Paris 6 Sep 1747-Château de Louveciennes near Versailles 6 May 1768, bur Rambouillet, later transferred to Dreux). Prince de Lamballe. m (by proxy Turin 17 Jan 1767, in person Nangis 31 Jan 1767) MARIA TERESA di Savoia Pss di Carignano, daughter of LUIGI VITTORIO di Savoia Principe di Carignano & his wife Christina Henrietta Landgräfin von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (Turin 8 Sep 1749-guillotined Paris 3 Sep 1792). Superintendent of the household of Queen Marie Antoinette 16 Sep 1775. She left court in 1780 and emigrated, but returned at the start of the revolution to be with the Queen.

c) JEAN MARIE de Bourbon (Paris 17 Nov 1748-Paris 19 May 1755, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). Duc de Châteauvillain.

d) VINCENT MARIE LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris 22 Jun 1750-Versailles 14 Mar 1752, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). Comte de Guingamp.

e) MARIE LOUISE de Bourbon (Paris 18 Oct 1751-Versailles 25 Sep 1753, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Penthièvre”.

f) LOUISE MARIE ADELAÏDE de Bourbon (Paris 13 Mar 1753-Château d’Ivry-sur-Seine 23 Jun 1821, bur Dreux). She was known as “Mademoiselle d’Yvoy”, and “Mademoiselle de Penthièvre” from Sep 1753 on the death of her older sister. Heiress of all the assets and titles of the house of Bourbon-Toulouse (including the counties of Penthièvre, Aumâle, Châteauvillain, Eu, Gisors and Dreux) on the death of her brother in 1768. m (Versailles 5 Apr 1769, separated 25 Jul 1792) PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres, son of LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres [later Duc d’Orléans] & his first wife Louise Henriette de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Conti (Château de Saint-Cloud 13 Apr 1747-guillotined Paris 6 Nov 1793, bur cemetery of Monceau). He succeeded his father in 1785 as Duc d’Orléans.

g) LOUIS MARIE FELICITE de Bourbon (Paris 29 Apr 1754-Paris 30 Apr 1754, bur Rambouillet, later Dreux).

Louis Alexandre had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

2. LOUIS ALEXANDRE de Sainte-Foy (1720-died young).

3. PHILIPPE AUGUSTE de Sainte-Foy dit le chevalier d’Arcq (Paris 20 Jul 1721-Paris 24 Feb 1795). Officer of the first company of musketeers. Captain of the royal regiment of the Cravattes. Author of Lettres d’Osman (1753), Mes loisirs (1755), and l’Histoire générale des guerres (1756-58). m (Saint-Roch 11 Feb 1772) ANNE MARIE Richard dite Mademoiselle Ruitter, daughter of JOSEPH Richard & his wife --- (--- -1801 or 1805). Singer at the Opera.

Chapter 4. PRINCES de CONDE

This chapter shows the descendants of Louis de Bourbon Prince de Condé, younger brother of Antoine Duc de Bourbon and paternal uncle of Henri IV King of France. The reconstruction is based largely on Kerrebrouck who cites numerous primary sources[1529]. These sources have not been checked or cited below unless otherwise shown.

A. PRINCES de CONDE, DUCS de BOURBON

LOUIS de Bourbon, son of CHARLES de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme & his wife Françoise d'Alençon (Château de Vendôme 7 May 1530-killed in battle Jarnac 13 Mar 1569, bur Valléry). Seigneur de Condé sur l’Escaut {Nord, arrondissement Valenciennes}, Seigneur de Condé en Brie {Aisne, arrondissement Château-Thierry}. Marquis de Conti, 1553. Prince de Condé, before 15 Jan 1557. He succeeded his brother in 1557 as Comte de Soissons. Duc d’Enghien 1567.

m firstly (Château du Plessier-le-Roye 22 Jun 1551) ELEONORE de Roye Dame de Roye, de Conti, de Muret, de Breteuil, et de Busancy, daughter of CHARLES Seigneur de Roye, Comte de Roucy & his wife Madeleine de Mailly Dame de Conti (24 Feb 1535-Château de Condé en Brie 23 Jul 1564, bur Muret en Picardie).

m secondly (contract Vendôme 8 Nov 1565) FRANÇOISE d’Orléans, daughter of FRANÇOIS d’Orléans Comte-souverain de Neuchâtel, titular Marquis de Rothelin & his wife Jacqueline de Rohan-Gié (posthumously Châteaudun 5 Apr 1549-Hôtel de Soissons, Paris 11 Jun 1601, bur Gaillon, église des Chartreux).

Mistress (1): ISABELLE de la Tour Demoiselle de Limeuil, daughter of GILLES de la Tour Seigneur de Limeuil & his wife Marguerite de la Cropte Dame de Lanquais. She married Scipion Sardini Vicomte de Busancy, Baron de Chaumont-sur-Loire.

Louis & his first wife had eight children:

1. HENRI [I] de Bourbon (Château de la Ferté-sous-Jouarre 29 Dec 1552-Saint-Jean d'Angély 5 Mar 1588, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1569 as Prince de Condé.

- see below.

2. MARGUERITE de Bourbon (Château de Roucy 8 Nov 1556-young).

3. CHARLES de Bourbon (Nogent-le-Rotrou 3 Nov 1557-young).

4. FRANÇOIS de Bourbon (Château de la Ferté-sous-Jouarre 19 Aug 1558-Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés 3 Aug 1614, bur Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Prince de Conti. Prince souverain de Châteaurenaud, after his second marriage. m firstly (Palais du Louvre, Paris 17 Dec 1582) as her second husband, JEANNE de Coesme Dame de Bonnétable et de Lucé, widow of LOUIS Comte de Montafié, daughter of LOUIS de Coesme Seigneur de Lucé & his wife Anne de Pisseleu (-Saint-Arnoul en Beauce 26 Dec 1601). m secondly (Château de Meudon 24 Jul 1605) LOUISE MARGUERITE de Guise Ctss d'Eu, Pss de Châteaurenaud, daughter of HENRI de Guise “le Balafré” Duc de Guise & his wife Catherine de Clève Ctss d’Eu (1588-Château d'Eu 30 Apr 1631, bur Eu). Mistress (1): ---. The identity of François’s mistress has not been ascertained. François & his second wife had one child:

a) MARIE de Bourbon (Palais du Louvre, Paris 8 Mar 1610-Saint-Germain-des-Prés 20 Mar 1610, bur Saint-Germain-des-Prés).

François had one illegitimate child by an unknown Mistress:

b) NICOLAS bâtard de Conti (-Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés [25 Mar] 1648, bur Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Prieur de Framont. Abbé de la Couture [Le Mans] et de Bassac [Saintonge]. .

5. LOUIS de Bourbon (Gandelu en Brie 30 Mar 1562-Muret 19 Oct 1563, bur Gaillon, église des Chartreux). Comte d'Anisy.

6. CHARLES de Bourbon (Gandelu en Brie 30 Mar 1562-Paris, Saint-Germain-des-Prés 30 Jul 1594, bur Gaillon, église des Chartreux). Archbishop of Rouen 1582. Cardinal 1583.

7. MADELEINE de Bourbon ([1563]-Muret 7 Oct 1563).

8. CATHERINE de Bourbon (Château de Roucy 1564-young).

Louis & his second wife had three children:

9. CHARLES de Bourbon (Château de Nogent-le-Rotrou 3 Nov 1566-Château de Blandy 1 Nov 1612, bur Gaillon, église des Chartreux). Comte de Soissons et de Dreux.

- COMTES de SOISSONS.

10. LOUIS de Bourbon (1567-young).

11. BENJAMIN de Bourbon (1569-1573).

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

12. son (Dijon May 1564-young).

HENRI [I] de Bourbon, son of LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Condé & his first wife Eléonore de Roye (Château de la Ferté-sous-Jouarre 29 Dec 1552-Saint-Jean d'Angély 5 Mar 1588, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1569 as Prince de Condé.

m firstly (Château de Blandy Jul 1572, Paris Saint-Germain-des-Prés 4 Dec 1572) MARIE de Nevers Comtesse de Beaufort, daughter of FRANÇOIS Duc de Nevers & his first wife Marguerite de Bourbon-Vendôme (1553-Paris 30 Oct 1574, bur Nevers, église dees Récollets).

m secondly (La Rochelle Jan 1586, Saint-Jean d'Angély 16 Mar 1586) CHARLOTTE CATHERINE de la Tremoïlle, daughter of LOUIS [III] de la Trémoïlle Duc de Thouars & his wife Jeanne de Montmorency ([Château de Thouars] [16 Mar] 1568-Paris, Hôtel de Condé 28 Aug 1629, bur Paris, église des Religieuses de l’Ave Maria).

Henri [I] & his first wife had one child:

1. CATHERINE de Bourbon (Paris Oct 1575-Palais du Louvre, Paris 30 Dec 1595, bur Paris Saint-Germain-des-Prés). Marquise d’Isles, dite Mademoiselle de Bourbon.

Henri [I] & his second wife had two children:

2. ELEONORE de Bourbon (30 Apr 1587-Château de Muret 20 Jan 1619, bur Valléry). m (contract Paris 19 Nov 1606, Château de Valléry 21 Nov 1606) FILIPS WILLEM van Nassau Prince d’Orange, son of WILLEM I van Nassau Prince d’Orange, Stadhouder of the Netherlands & his first wife Anna van Egmond Gravin van Buren (Buren 19 Dec 1554-Brussels 20 Feb 1618, bur Delft).

3. HENRI [II] de Bourbon (Saint-Jean d'Angély 1 Sep 1588-Paris, Hôtel de Condé 26 Dec 1646, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1588 as Prince de Condé. m (contract Palais du Louvre, Paris 2 Mar 1609, Château de Chantilly 15 May 1609) CHARLOTTE MARGUERITE de Montmorency, daughter of HENRI [I] de Montmorency Duc de Montmorency & his second wife Louise de Budos (Pézenas 11 May 1594-Chatillon-sur-Loing 2 Dec 1650, bur Paris, église des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques). Henri [II] & his wife had six children:

a) son (Château de Vincennes 20 Dec 1617-Château de Vincennes 24 Dec 1617, bur Valléry).

b) son (stillborn Château de Vincennes 21 Nov 1618, bur Valléry). Twin with his brother.

c) son (stillborn Château de Vincennes 1618, bur Valléry). Twin with his brother.

d) ANNE GENEVIEVE de Bourbon (Château de Vincennes 27 Aug 1619-Paris, Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques 15 Apr 1679, bur Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). m (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 2 Jun 1642) as his second wife, HENRI d’Orléans Duc de Longueville, son of HENRI d’Orléans Duc de Longueville & his wife Catarina Gonzaga Dame de Coulommiers (27 Apr 1595-Rouen 11 May 1663, bur Châteaudun Sainte-Chapelle).

e) LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 8 Sep 1621-Château de Fontainebleau 11 Dec 1686, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1646 as Prince de Condé. He was created Duc de Bourbon 2 Mar 1661 (registered 14 Apr).

- see below.

f) ARMAND de Bourbon (Paris 11 Oct 1629-Château de la Grange des Prés, near Pézenas 21 Feb 1666, bur Chartreuse de Villeneuf les Avignon). Prince de Conti.

- PRINCES de CONTI.

Henri had one illegitimate child by an unknown Mistress:

4. HENRIETTE d'Enghien (-after 1626). Nun at Périgne au Mans, later abbess.

LOUIS de Bourbon, son of HENRI [II] de Bourbon Prince de Condé & his wife Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 8 Sep 1621-Château de Fontainebleau 11 Dec 1686, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1646 as Prince de Condé. He was created Duc de Bourbon 2 Mar 1661 (registered 14 Apr).

m (contract Palais du Louvre, Paris 7 Feb 1641, in person Paris, la chapelle du Palais-Cardinal) CLAIRE CLEMENCE de Maillé Duchesse de Fronsac et de Caumont, daughter of URBAIN de Maillé Marquis de Brézé & his wife Nicole du Plessis de Richelieu (Brézé 25 Feb 1628-Château de Châteauroux 16 Apr 1694, bur Château de Châteauroux église de Saint-Martin).

Louis & his wife had three children:

1. HENRI JULES de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 29 Jul 1643-Paris 1 Apr 1709, bur Valléry). Duc d’Albret, from birth. Duc d’Enghien, Monsieur le Duc after the death of his grandfather in 1646. He succeeded his father in 1686 as Prince de Conde, Duc de Bourbon. m (by proxy Lemberg 28 Jul 1663, in person Palais du Louvre, Paris 11 Dec 1663) ANNA HENRIETTA JULIA Pfalzgräfin von Simmern, daughter of EDUARD Pfalzgraf von Simmern & his wife Anna Gonzaga Pss of Mantua (Paris 23 Jul 1648-Paris 23 Feb 1723, bur Paris, église des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques). Mistress (1): FRANÇOISE CHARLOTTE de Montalais, wife of JEAN [VIII] Seigneur de Bueil, Comte de Marans, daughter of PIERRE Seigneur de Chabellay & his wife Renée Le Clerc de Sautre. Henri & his wife had ten children:

a) MARIE THERESE de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 1 Feb 1666-Paris, Hôtel de Conti 22 Feb 1732, bur Paris, Saint-André des Arts). Mademoiselle de Bourbon. m (Versailles 29 Jun 1688) FRANÇOIS LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti, son of ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Anna Maria Martinozzi Paris 30 Apr 1664-Paris 22 Feb 1709, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts).

b) HENRI de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 5 Nov 1667-Paris, Hôtel de Condé 5 Jul 1670, bur Valléry). Duc de Bourbon.

c) LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris, Hotel de Conde 11 Oct 1668-Paris 4 Mar 1710, bur Valléry). Duc de Bourbon, after the death of his older brother in 1670. He succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon.

- see below.

d) ANNE de Bourbon (Paris 11 Nov 1670-Paris 27 May 1675, bur Paris, église des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques). Mademoiselle d’Enghien.

e) HENRI de Bourbon (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 3 Jul 1672-Paris 6 Jun 1675, bur Valléry). Comte de Clermont.

f) LOUIS HENRI de Bourbon (Paris 9 Nov 1673-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 21 Feb 1677, bur Valléry). Comte de la Marche. Comte de Clermont after the death of his older brother Henri.

g) ANNE LOUISE de Bourbon (Paris 11 Aug 1675-Paris 23 Oct 1700, bur Paris Paris, église des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques). Mademoiselle d’Enghien from birth. Mademoiselle de Condé Dec 1690.

h) ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE de Bourbon (Paris 8 Nov 1676-Paris, Hotel du Maine 23 Jan 1753, bur Sceaux). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Charolais”. Heiress of the territories of Anet and Dreux. m (Versailles 19 Mar 1692) LOUIS AUGUSTE de Bourbon Duc de Maine, legitimated son of LOUIS XIV King of France & his mistress Françoise-Athénaïse de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquise de Montespan, née de Rochechouart de Mortemart (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1670-Château de Sceaux 14 May 1736, bur parish church of Sceaux).

i) MARIE ANNE de Bourbon (Paris 24 Feb 1678-Paris 11 Apr 1718, bur convent of the Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris). Mademoiselle de Montmorency. She was known as Mademoiselle d’Enghien from end-1690. m (Château de Sceaux 15 May 1710) LOUIS JOSEPH de Bourbon Duc de Vendôme, son of LOUIS de Vendôme Duc de Vendôme & his wife Laura Mancini (Paris 30 Jun 1654-Vinaros, Spain 11 Jun 1712, bur El Escorial). He was proclaimed a prince of the blood 23 Mar 1712 by Felipe V King of Spain.

j) [daughter] de Bourbon (Paris 17 Jul 1679-Paris 17 Sep 1680, bur Valléry).

Henri had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

k) JULIE ([1668]-Paris 10 Mar 1710, bur Lassay priory, Le Mans). Mademoiselle de Guénani. Legitimated 1692 as Mademoiselle de Châteaubriand. m (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 5 Mar 1696) as his third wife, ARMAND de Madaillan de Lesparre Marquis de Lassay, son of LOUIS de Madaillan Marquis de Montataire & his wife Suzanne de Vipart de Sainte-Croix.

2. LOUIS de Bourbon (Bordeaux 20 Sep 1652-Bordeaux 11 Apr 1653). Duc de Bourbon.

3. [daughter] de Bourbon (Breda 12 Nov 1656-Paris 28 Sep 1660, bur Paris, église des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques).

LOUIS de Bourbon, son of HENRI JULES de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anna Henrietta Julia Pfalzgräfin von Pfalz-Simmern (Hotel de Condé, Paris 11 Oct 1668-Paris 4 Mar 1710, bur Valléry). Duc de Bourbon, after the death of his older brother in 1670. He succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon.

m (Versailles 24 Jul 1685) LOUISE FRANÇOISE de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Nantes, legitimated daughter of LOUIS XIV King of France & his mistress Françoise-Athénaïse de Pardaillon de Gondrin Marquise de Montespan, née de Rochechouart de Mortemart (Tournai 1 Jun 1673-Paris 16 Jun 1743, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques).

Mistress (1): --- de Blanchefort, daughter of ---.

Louis & his wife had nine children:

1. MARIE ANNE GABRIELLE ELEONORE de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 22 Dec 1690-abbaye de la Saussaye, Villejuif 30 Aug 1760, bur Abbaye de Saint-Antoine des Champs). She was known as “Madame de Bourbon”. Nun at Fontevraud 1706. Abbess of Maubuisson 1719. Abbesse of Saint-Antoine des Champs 1723. Nun at la Saussaye, near Villejuif Apr 1742.

2. LOUIS HENRI de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 18 Aug 1692-Château de Chantilly 27 Jan 1740, bur Montmorency Saint-Martin). He succeeded his father in 1710 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon.

- see below.

3. LOUISE ELIZABETH de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 22 Nov 1693-Paris 27 May 1775, bur Paris Saint-Sulpice). m (Versailles 9 Jul 1713) her first cousin, LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon Prince de Conti, Duc de Mercœur, son of FRANÇOIS LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé (Paris 10 Nov 1695-Paris 4 May 1727, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts).

4. LOUISE ANNE de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 23 Jun 1695-Paris 8 Apr 1758, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Sens”. “Mademoiselle de Charolais” 1707, and later “Mademoiselle”.

5. MARIE ANNE de Bourbon-Condé (Paris 16 Oct 1697-Paris 11 Aug 1741, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Clermont”. [m (secretly [1719]) as his second wife, LOUIS [II] de Melun Duc de Joyeuse, Prince d’Epinoy, son of LOUIS de Melun Prince d’Epinoy, Marquis de Roubaix & his wife Elisabeth de Lorraine-Lillebonne (Oct 1694-Chantilly 31 Jul 1724, bur Epinoy).]

6. CHARLES de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 19 Jun 1700-Paris, Hôtel rue des Francs-Bourgeois au Marais 22 Jul 1760, bur Montmorency Saint-Martin). Comte de Charolais. Mistress (1): MARGUERITE Caron de Rancurel Dame de Lassone, daughter of --- (-Paris 24 Feb 1800). Charles had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

a) MARGUERITE MARIE de Bourbon-Charolais (Paris 17 Aug 1752-after 1830). Mademoiselle de Bourbon. Legitimated Nov 1769. m firstly (Paris Dec 1769) DENIS NICOLAS Comte du Puget, son of --- (-3 Oct 1777). m secondly (Louisiana) LEWIS Toujard, son of ---. Colonel.

b) CHARLOTTE MARGUERITE ELISABETH de Bourbon-Charolais (Paris 1 Aug 1754-12 Sep 1839). Mademoiselle de Bourbon. Legitimated Nov 1769. m (3 Feb 1772) FRANZ XAVER JOSEPH Greve af Danneskiold-Løvendal, son of ULRIK FREDERIK WOLDEMAR Greve af Danneskiold-Løvendal & his first wife Theodora Eugenia Gräfin von Schmettau (Warsaw 28 Dec 1742-The Hague 26 Sep 1808).

7. HENRIETTE LOUISE de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 15 Jan 1703-Beaumont-lès-Tours 19 Sep 1772, bur Beaumont-lès-Tours). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Vermandois”. Nun at Beaumont-lès-Tours 1727, abbess Nov 1733.

8. ELISABETH ALEXANDRINE de Bourbon-Condé (Paris 15 Sep 1705-Paris 15 Apr 1765, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Gex”. Mademoiselle de Sens 1707.

9. LOUIS de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 15 Jun 1709-Paris 16 Jun 1771, bur Montmorency Saint-Martin). Comte de Clermont. Duc de Châteauroux. Abbé. Mistress (1): --- “Mademoiselle le Duc”, dite la Marquise de Tourvoie, daughter of ---. Opera singer. Louis had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1).

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

10. LOUISE CHARLOTTE de Bourbon (Paris [19 Aug] 1700-Paris 4 Oct 1754, bur Paris Saint-Sulpice). Legitimated Jul 1726. She was known as “Mademoiselle de Dampierre”. m (L’Isle-Adam 29 Aug 1726) NICOLAS ETIENNE de Chaugy Comte de Roussillon, son of NICOLAS de Chaugy Baron de Roussillon & his wife Marie des Champs de Massilly.

LOUIS HENRI de Bourbon, son of LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Louise Françoise de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Nantes (Versailles 18 Aug 1692-Château de Chantilly 27 Jan 1740, bur Montmorency Saint-Martin). He succeeded his father in 1710 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon.

m firstly (Versailles 9 Jul 1713) MARIE ANNE de Bourbon-Conti Mademoiselle de Conti, daughter of FRANÇOIS LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé (Versailles 18 Apr 1689-Paris 21 Mar 1720, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques).

m secondly (by proxy Schloß Rotenburg am Fulda 27 Jun 1728, in person Château de Sarry, near Châlons 23 Jul 1728) KAROLINE Landgräfin von Hessen-Rheinfels, daughter of ERNST LEOPOLD Landgraf von Hessen-Rheinfels & his wife Eleonore Gräfin zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (Rotenburg 18 Aug 1714-Paris, Hôtel de Condé 14 Jun 1741, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques).

Mistress (1): ARMANDE FELICE de La Porte-Mazarin, daughter of --- (3 Sep 1691-14 Oct 1729).

Louis Henri & his second wife had one child:

1. LOUIS JOSEPH de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 9 Aug 1736-Palais Bourbon, Paris 13 May 1818, bur Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 1740 as Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon. m firstly (Versailles 3 May 1753) CHARLOTTE Pss de Rohan-Soubise, daughter of CHARLES de Rohan Duc de Rohan, Prince de Soubise et d’Epinoy & his wife Anne Marie Louise de la Tour de Bouillon (7 Oct 1737-Paris, Hôtel de Condé 4 Mar 1760, bur convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Heiress of Bouillon. m secondly (Wanstead House, Essex 24 Dec 1808) as her second husband, MARIE CATHERINE de Brignole, widow of HONORE III Prince de Monaco, Duc de Valentinois, daughter of GIUSEPPE Marchese di Brignole-Sala & his wife Anna Maria Balbi (-Wimbledon 18 Mar 1813, bur Wimbledon). Mistress (1): ---. The name of Louis Joseph’s mistress has not been ascertained. Louis Joseph & his first wife had three children:

a) MARIE de Bourbon (Paris 16 Feb 1755-Paris 22 Jun 1759, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Bourbon”.

b) LOUIS HENRI JOSEPH de Bourbon (Paris 13 Apr 1756-Château de Saint-Leu, Taverny 27 Aug 1830, bur Saint-Denis). He succeeded his father in 1818 as Duc de Bourbon. He assumed the title Prince de Condé in Aug 1830. m (Versailles 24 Apr 1770, separated 12 Nov 1780) BATHILDE d´Orleans, of LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres [later Duc d’Orléans] & his first wife Louise Henriette de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Conti (Château de Saint-Cloud 9 Jul 1750-Paris 10 Jan 1822, bur Dreux). Mistress (1): MARGUERITE Michelot, daughter of ---. An opera singer. Louis Henri Joseph & his wife had one child:

i) LOUIS ANTOINE HENRI de Bourbon (Château de Chantilly 2 Aug 1772-assassinated Vincennes 21 Mar 1804, bur Château de Vincennes). Duc d’Enghien.

Louis Henri Joseph had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

ii) ADELAIDE bâtarde de Bourbon (Paris 10 Nov 1780-Paris 26 May 1874, bur Chaumont-en-Vexin). m firstly (London 24 Nov 1803) PATRICE GABRIEL Bernard de Montessus Comte de Rully, son of CHARLES FRANÇOIS Bernard de Montessus Baron de Rully & his wife Ferdinande Agathe Ange de Vaudrey (Châlon-sur-Saône 10 Aug 1761-Paris 25 Feb 1831). m secondly (Paris 27 Jun 1833) as his second wife, GUY de Chaumont Comte de Quitry, son of VICTOR de Chaumont Marquis de Quitry & his wife Madeleine Riquet de Caraman (Paris 19 Apr 1787-Paris 15 Dec 1851). Marquis de Quitry.

iii) LOUISE bâtarde de Bourbon (Paris 10 Sep 1782-25 Feb 1831).

c) LOUISE ADELAIDE de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 5 Oct 1758-Paris, Temple 10 Mar 1824). Abbess of Remiremont 1786.

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

d) daughter -after 1806, bur Paris, Temple). She was known as "Madame de Saint-Romain". A nun at Meaux, later at Breslau, Silesia.

Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

2. HENRIETTE de Bourbon (Paris 23 Apr 1725-Beaumont-lès-Tours 11 Sep 1780, bur Beaumont-lèz-Tours). Mademoiselle du Monsel. She was legitimated 1734, as “Mademoiselle de Verneuil”. m (Paris, Saint Sulpice 17 Nov 1740) JEAN ROGER de Laguiche Comte de Laguiche, son of CLAUDE de Laguiche Marquis de Laguiche, Comte de Sivignon & his wife Marie Louise Eléonore de Langheac (Sivignon 14 Jul 1719-Paris 28 Jan 1770).

B. PRINCES de CONTI

ARMAND de Bourbon, son of HENRI [II] de Bourbon Prince de Condé & his wife Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency (Paris 11 Oct 1629-Château de la Grange des Prés, near Pézenas 21 Feb 1666, bur Chartreuse de Villeneuf les Avignon). Prince de Conti Dec 1646.

m (contract Paris, Le Louvre 21 Feb 1654, in person Paris Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois 22 Feb 1654) ANNA MARIA Martinozzi, daughter of conte GEROLAMO Martinozzi & his wife Laura Margherita Mazzarino (Rome 1637-Paris, Hôtel de Conti 4 Feb 1672, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts).

Armand & his wife had three children:

1. LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris 6 Sep 1658-Paris 14 Sep 1658, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques).

2. LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon (Paris, Hôtel de Conti 4 Apr 1661-Fontainebleau 9 Nov 1685, bur Valléry). He succeeded his father in 1666 as Prince de Conti. m (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 16 Jan 1680) MARIE ANNE de Bourbon bâtarde de France Mademoiselle de Blois, legitimated daughter of LOUIS XIV King of France & his mistress Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc Mademoiselle de La Vallière (Château de Vincennes 2 Oct 1666-Paris 3 May 1739, bur Saint-Roch, Paris). Duchesse de La Vallière. She gave the title and the territories which went with it to her maternal first cousin Charles François de La Baume Le Blanc Marquis de la Vallière, with the consent of the king, by letters Mar 1688 and 8 Jun 1698.

3. FRANÇOIS LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris 30 Apr 1664-Paris 22 Feb 1709, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts). He succeeded his brother in 1685 as Prince de Conti. He was known as "le Grand Conti". m (Versailles 29 Jun 1688) MARIE THERESE de Bourbon, daughter of HENRI JULES de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anna Henrietta Julia Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Paris, Hôtel de Condé 1 Feb 1666-Paris, Hôtel de Conti 22 Feb 1732, bur Paris, Saint-André des Arts).

a) MARIE ANNE de Bourbon-Conti (Versailles 18 Apr 1689-Paris 21 Mar 1720, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Conti”. m (Versailles 9 Jul 1713) as his first wife, LOUIS HENRI de Bourbon Prince de Conde, son of LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Louise Françoise de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Nantes (Versailles 18 Aug 1692-Château de Chantilly 27 Jan 1740, bur Montmorency Saint-Martin).

b) [son] de Bourbon-Conti (Versailles 18 Nov 1693-Versailles 22 Nov 1693).

c) [son] de Bourbon-Conti (Versailles 1 Dec 1694-Paris 25 Apr 1698, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon. .

d) LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon-Conti (Paris 10 Nov 1695-Paris 4 May 1727, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts). He succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince de Conti. Duc de Mercoeur.

- see below.

e) LOUISE ADELAIDE de Bourbon-Conti (2 Dec 1696-Paris 19/20 Nov 1750, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts). She was known as “Mademoiselle de la Roche-sur-Yon”.

f) [daughter] de Bourbon-Conti (Paris 19 Nov 1697-Paris 13 Aug 1699, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). She was known as “Mademoiselle d’Alais”.

g) LOUIS FRANÇOIS de Bourbon-Conti (Paris, Hôtel de Conti 27 Jul 1703-Paris 21 Jan 1704, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Comte d'Alais. .

LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon, son of FRANÇOIS LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé (Paris 10 Nov 1695-Paris 4 May 1727, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts). He succeeded his father in 1709 as Prince de Conti. Duc de Mercoeur.

m (Versailles 9 Jul 1713) his first cousin, LOUISE ELISABETH de Bourbon-Condé, daughter of LOUIS de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc de Bourbon & his wife Louise Françoise de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Nantes (Versailles 22 Nov 1693-Paris 27 May 1775, bur Paris Saint-Sulpice).

Louis Armand & his wife had five children:

1. LOUIS de Bourbon (Paris 28 Mar 1715-Paris 1 Aug 1717, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Comte de la Marche.

2. LOUIS FRANÇOIS de Bourbon (Paris 13 Aug 1717-Le Temple, Paris 2 Aug 1776, bur l’Isle-Adam). He succeeded his father in 1727 as Prince de Conti, Duc de Mercœur. m (Versailles 22 Jan 1732) LOUISE DIANE d'Orleans, daughter of PHILIPPE Duc d’Orléans & his wife Françoise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Paris 27 Jun 1716-Château d’Issy-sur-Seine 26 Sep 1736, bur église de Saint-André-des-Arts, Paris). Mistress (1): MARIE CLAUDE Gaucher-Dailly dite Madame de Brimont, daughter of ---. Louis François & his wife had two children:

a) LOUIS FRANÇOIS JOSEPH de Bourbon (Paris 1 Sep 1734-Barcelona 13 Mar 1814, bur Dreux). He succeeded his father in 1776 as Prince de Conti. m (Nangis 27 Feb 1759, separated 1775) FORTUNATA MARIA d'Este Pss of Modena, daughter of FRANCESCO III d’Este Duke of Modena & his first wife Charlotte Agläé d’Orléans (Genoa 15 Jul 1734-Venice 21 Sep 1803). Mistress (1): MARIA ANNA Veronese "Coraline", daughter of CARLO ANTONIO Veronese & his wife Lucia Pierina Speroli (Bassano 1730-Paris [6 Feb/Apr] 1782). Louis François Joseph had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

i) LOUIS FRANÇOIS bâtard de Bourbon (Paris [1761]-Melun 3 Aug 1785, bur Melun Saint-Amboise). He was known as “le Chevalier de Vauréal”.

b) [son] de Bourbon-Conti (Jun 1736-Jun 1736).

Louis François had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

c) FRANÇOIS CLAUDE FAUSTE de Bourbon-Conti (Paris 21 Mar 1771-Paris 8 Jun 1833). Legitimated 1815. Marquis de Bourbon-Conti. .

d) MARIE FRANÇOIS FELIX de Bourbon-Conti (22 Dec 1772-6 Jun 1840). He was known as “le Chevalier de Bourbon-Hattonville”. Comte de Bourbon-Conti. Legitimated 1815. m (20 Apr 1828) as her first husband, ANGELIQUE HERMINE de la Brousse de Verteilhac, daughter of FRANÇOIS de la Brousse Marquis de Verteillac & his wife Jeanne Charlotte Appelvoisin de la Roche du Maine (Paris 17 Jun 1797-Paris 30 Jan 1881). She married secondly Sosthène de La Rochefoucauld Duc de Doudeauville.

3. LOUIS ARMAND de Bourbon (Paris 19 Aug 1720-Paris 13 May 1722, bur Paris, convent of the Carmélites du Faubourg Saint-Jacques). Duc de Mercoeur.

4. CHARLES de Bourbon (Paris 5 Feb 1722-Paris 7 Aug 1730, bur Paris Saint-André des Arts). Comte d'Alais.

5. LOUISE HENRIETTE de Bourbon (Paris 20 Jan 1726-Paris 9 Feb 1759, bur Saint-Denis). She was known as “Mademoiselle de Conti”. She was heiress of the duchy of Etampes. m (Versailles 17 Dec 1743) as his first wife, LOUIS PHILIPPE d’Orléans Duc de Chartres, son of LOUIS d’Orléans Duc d’Orléans & his wife Augusta Maria Johanna Markgräfin von Baden-Baden (Versailles 12 May 1725-Château de Sainte-Assise-en-Brie 18 Nov 1785, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). He succeeded his father in 1752 as Duc d’Orléans.

[1] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1876) Ymagines Historiarum: The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto (London), Vol. I, pp. 290, 291 and 440, cited in Kerrebrouck, P. Van (2000) Les Capétiens 987-1328 (Villeneuve d'Asq), pp. 21 and 26, Preface by Hervé Baron Pinoteau.

[2] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 21 and 26, Preface by Hervé Baron Pinoteau, citing various primary sources.

[3] Annales Xantenses 867, MGH SS II, p. 232.

[4] Widukind I, 29, MGH SS III, p. 430.

[5] Richeri Historia I, 5, MGH SS III, p. 570.

[6] Certain, E. de (ed.) (1858) Miracula Sancti Benedicti (Paris) II, p. 93.

[7] Guizot, M. (1824) Collection des mémoires relatifs à l´histoire de France (Paris), Siège de Paris par les Normands, poème d´Abbon, Livre II, p. 58.

[8] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum I.2, MGH SS VII, p. 53.

[9] Barthélemy, A. de ´Origines de la maison de France´, Revue des questions historiques, Tome XIII, 1 (1873), p. 121, quoting Lecointe, C. (1673) Annales ecclesiastici francorum, Vol. VIII, p. 101 (not yet consulted).

[10] Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987, 1ère partie, Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 399, which does not cite the source reference.

[11] Reginonis Chronicon 892, MGH SS I, pp. 604 and 605.

[12] Mabille, E. (ed.) (1866) La pancarte notre de Saint-Martin de Tours brulée en 1793 (Paris, Tours) ("Tours Saint-Martin") LVIII, p. 95.

[13] ES II 10.

[14] Miraculis Sancti Genulfi 6, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1206.

[15] Settipani (1993), p. 354 footnote 1111.

[16] Barthélemy ´Origines de la maison de France´, p. 120-22.

[17] Merlet, R. ´Origine de Robert le Fort´, Mélanges Julien Havet (Paris, 1895), p. 108.

[18] Barthélemy ´Origines de la maison de France´, p. 120.

[19] Barthélemy ´Origines de la maison de France´, p. 121, quoting Lecointe, C. (1673) Annales ecclesiastici francorum, Vol. VIII, p. 101 (not yet consulted).

[20] Merlet, R. ´Les comtes de Chartres, de Châteaudun et de Blois aux IX et X siècles´, Mémoires de la Société archéologique d´Eure-et-Loir, Tome XII, 1895-1900 (Chartres, 1901), p. 28.

[21] RHGF VIII, Diplomata, LV, p. 478.

[22] Karoli II Conventus Silvacensis, Missi…et pagi… 8, MGH LL 1, p. 426.

[23] Annales Bertiniani 859, MGH SS I, p. 453.

[24] McKitterick, R. (1983) Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 (Longman, London and New York), p. 266.

[25] Reginonis Chronicon 861, MGH SS I, p. 571.

[26] Annales Bertiniani 862, MGH SS I, p. 456.

[27] Annales Bertiniani 862, MGH SS I, p. 457.

[28] Annales Bertiniani 865, MGH SS I, p. 470.

[29] Tours Saint-Martin LX, p. 96.

[30] Merlet ´Les comtes de Chartres´, p. 27.

[31] Annales Bertiniani 866, MGH SS I, p. 471.

[32] Merlet, R. ´Origine de Robert le Fort´, Mélanges Julien Havet (Paris, 1895), pp. 106-7.

[33] Annales Bertiniani 866, MGH SS I, p. 473.

[34] Adonis Continuatio Prima, Auctore Anonymo 866, MGH SS II, p. 324.

[35] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 988, MGH SS XXIII, p. 774.

[36] ES II 10.

[37] Miraculis Sancti Genulfi 6, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1206.

[38] Including ES II 10.

[39] Abbé E. Bougaud (ed.) (1875) Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Bénigne de Dijon (Dijon) ("Chronicle St-Bénigne de Dijon"), p. 109.

[40] Settipani (1993), p. 400.

[41] Hincmari Remensis Annales 865, MGH SS I, p. 470.

[42] When his father is first cited in Neustria, Settipani (1993), p. 402.

[43] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 888, MHG SS V, p. 109.

[44] Chavanon, J. (ed.) (1897) Adémar de Chabannes, Chronique (Paris), III, 20, p. 139.

[45] Mabille, E. ‘Les invasions normandes dans la Loire et les pérégrinations du corps de saint Martin’, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Tome XXX (1869), Pièces Justificatives, V, p. 431.

[46] Tours Saint-Martin LXXVII, p. 106.

[47] Settipani (1993), p. 403.

[48] Lasteyrie, R. D. (ed.) (1887) Cartulaire général de Paris Tome I 528-1180, Histoire général de Paris (Paris) ("Cartulaire Général de Paris") 52, p. 70.

[49] Settipani (1993), p. 404.

[50] Settipani (1993), p. 404.

[51] Annales Prumienses 898, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1292.

[52] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 306.

[53] Diplomata Odonis Regis XIV, RHGF IX, p. 452.

[54] ES II 10.

[55] Settipani (1993), p. 405, cites Kalckstein, C. von (1871) Robert der Tapfere, Markgraf von Anjou, der Stammvater des Kapetingischen Hauses (Berlin), as the originator of the theory.

[56] Annales Vedastini 888, MGH SS II, p. 203.

[57] Aimond, C. 'Le nécrologe de la cathédrale de Verdun', Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde Year 21 (second part) (1910), Appendice Kalendarium S. Mariæ Virdunensis, p. 312.

[58] Nécrologe de la cathédrale de Verdun' (second part) (1910), p. 285.

[59] Settipani (1993), p. 405.

[60] ES II 10, he is not mentioned in Settipani (1993), p. 405.

[61] Adémar de Chabannes III, 22, p. 141.

[62] Aurélien de Courson, M. (ed.) (1863) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Redon en Bretagne (Paris), LIV, p. 376.

[63] Settipani (1993), p. 405.

[64] Saint-Bertin 2.69, 893, p. 136.

[65] Saint-Bertin 2.69, 893, p. 136.

[66] Settipani (1993), p. 405.

[67] Richard, A. (1903) Histoire des Comtes de Poitou (republished Princi Negue, 2003) Tome I 72.

[68] Tours Saint-Martin XCVIII, p. 117.

[69] ´Documents pour l´histoire de l´église de Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers´, Mémoires de la société des antiquaires de l´ouest, année 1847 (Poitiers, 1848) ("Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers"), XII, p. 16.

[70] Mabille ‘Les invasions normandes...’, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Tome XXX (1869), Pièces Justificatives, IX, p. 442.

[71] Flodoard 922, MGH SS III, p. 370.

[72] Flodoard 923, MGH SS III, p. 371.

[73] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 14.

[74] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Magloire, p. 390.

[75] L'abbé Lebeuf (1855) Mémoires concernant l'histoire civile et ecclésiastique d'Auxerre et de son ancient diocese (Auxerre) (“Histoire d´Auxerre”), Tome IV, p. 15.

[76] ES II 10.

[77] Diplôme de Charles III, n^o 57, Lauer, quoted in Settipani (1993), p. 407.

[78] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[79] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber II, XXI, p. 233.

[80] RHGF IX, p. 719.

[81] Werner, K. F. (1967) 'Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen bis um Jahr 1000 (1.-8. Generation)', Karl der Große, IV, p. 458, cited in Settipani (1993), p. 407.

[82] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 920 and 988, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 756 and 774.

[83] Flodoard 944, MGH SS III, p. 390.

[84] Diplôme de Charles III, n^o 57, Lauer, quoted in Settipani (1993), p. 407.

[85] Flodoard, 923, MGH SS III, p. 372.

[86] France, J., Bulst, N. and Reynolds, P. (eds. and trans.) (1989) Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum Libri Quinque, Rodulfus Glaber Opera (Oxford) I.6, p. 15.

[87] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1876-1903) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny (Paris), Tome I, 396, p. 379, and 397, p. 381.

[88] Flodoard, 935, MGH SS III, p. 382.

[89] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 277.

[90] Flodoard, 922, MGH SS III, p. 369.

[91] Cluny, Tome I, 379, p. 358.

[92] Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum I.6, p. 15.

[93] Flodoard 923, MGH SS III, p. 372.

[94] Flodoard 936, MGH SS III, p. 383.

[95] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[96] Histoire d'Auxerre, Tome IV, p. 9.

[97] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[98] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XXI, p. 233.

[99] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[100] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin (Paris), 2.69, 893, p. 136.

[101] Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum I.6, p. 15.

[102] Flodoard 922, MGH SS III, p. 370.

[103] Flodoard 922, MGH SS III, p. 371.

[104] Tours Saint-Martin CIII, p. 119.

[105] RHGF IX, p. 719.

[106] Tours Saint-Martin LVIII, p. 95.

[107] McKitterick (1983), p. 315.

[108] Settipani (1993), pp. 409-10.

[109] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[110] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 14.

[111] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris, p. 227.

[112] Histoire d'Auxerre, Tome IV, p. 15.

[113] Flodoard 922, MGH SS III, p. 370.

[114] ES II 10.

[115] Settipani (1993), p. 410.

[116] Flodoard 926, MGH SS III, p. 377.

[117] Rerum Britannicarum medii ævi scriptores (1866) Liber Monasterii de Hyda 455-1023 (London), XIV.4, p. 112.

[118] McKitterick (1983), p. 314.

[119] Tours Saint-Martin LVIII, p. 95.

[120] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum I.4, MGH SS VII, p. 54.

[121] Flodoard 938, MGH SS III, p. 385.

[122] Flodoard 957, MGH SS III, p. 404.

[123] Annales Nivernenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 89.

[124] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 307.

[125] Duru, L.-M. (ed.) (1850) Bibliothèque historique de l'Yonne, I, (Auxerre) Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, p. 382.

[126] Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, p. 384.

[127] Flodoard 954, MGH SS III, p. 402.

[128] Laurentii Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium 2, MGH SS X, p. 492.

[129] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 958, MGH SS XXIII, p. 767.

[130] Poull, G. (1994) La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar (Nancy), pp. 14-15.

[131] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum II.1, p. 51.

[132] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 5, MGH SS IX, p. 383.

[133] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber IV, X, XII, pp. 243-4.

[134] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber IV, XVIII, p. 247.

[135] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[136] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[137] Flodoard 965, MGH SS III, p. 406.

[138] Vidier, A. and Mirot, L. (eds.) (1909) Obituaries de la province de Sens, III, Diocèses d'Orléans, d'Auxerre et de Nevers (Paris), p. 240, cited in Bouchard, C. B. (1987) Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy 980-1198 (Cornell University Press), p. 388.

[139] Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, p. 382-3.

[140] Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, p. 384.

[141] Bouchard (1987), p. 388.

[142] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 366.

[143] Flodoard 965, MGH SS III, p. 406.

[144] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum II.1, p. 51.

[145] Annales Nivernenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 89.

[146] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 47.

[147] Settipani (1993), pp. 336-7, and Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 48.

[148] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX, p. 368.

[149] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 329.

[150] Acta Sanctorum, October, Tome X, Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum, 4 and 5, p. 792, quoting Mabillon Annales Ordini Sancti Benedicti, Tome III, p. 666.

[151] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1840) Richeri Historiarum (Paris) ("Richer") IV, supplementary notes following CVII, p. 308.

[152] Chronico Ademari Cabanensis, RHGF X, p. 145.

[153] Vita Roberti Regis, RHGF X, p. 99.

[154] Settipani (1993), p. 417.

[155] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1031, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.

[156] Richard (1903) Tome I, p. 141.

[157] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 319.

[158] ES II 11. Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 49, gives no date of birth.

[159] Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier, IV.XII, p. 217.

[160] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 49.

[161] ES II 11. Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 49, gives no date of birth.

[162] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[163] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1031, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.

[164] Sigeberti Chronica 973, MGH SS VI, p. 352.

[165] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 43, MGH SS VIII, p. 541.

[166] Roland, C. G. (ed.) (1921) Recueil des chartes de l´abbaye de Gembloux (Gembloux) ("Gembloux"), 15, p. 32.

[167] D H II 387, p. 493.

[168] D K II 202, p. 271.

[169] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[170] Adémar de Chabannes III, 39, p. 161.

[171] Vita Gauzlini, Liber I, I, Mémoires de la Société Archéologique de l´Orléanais, Tome II (Orléans, Paris, 1853), p. 276.

[172] For example, Ademari Historiarum III.39, MGH SS IV, p. 133, footnote 13.

[173] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55 footnote 59.

[174] Vita Gauzlini, Liber II, LXXI, LXXIV (1853), pp. 319-20.

[175] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 474.

[176] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 475.

[177] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[178] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.

[179] This nickname was applied to the king from the early years of his reign, see Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 59 footnote 2.

[180] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.

[181] Poull (1994), pp. 21-2.

[182] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1031, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.

[183] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.

[184] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 16.

[185] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 322.

[186] Reginonis Chronicon 965, MGH SS I, p. 627.

[187] Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.

[188] Annales Elnonenses Minores [950-968], MGH SS V, p. 19.

[189] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 44.

[190] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 96, p. 92.

[191] Vita Sancti Bertulfi Abbatis Renticensis, RCGF 10, p. 365.

[192] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 60 footnote 32.

[193] Nicholas (1992), p. 45.

[194] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1845) Richeri Historiarum (Paris) IV.LXXXVII, p. 270.

[195] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 102, p. 96.

[196] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 107, p. 101.

[197] Annales Elnonenses Minores 1003, MGH SS V, p. 19.

[198] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 299.

[199] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 387.

[200] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.

[201] Métais, C. (ed.) (1889/91) Marmoutier Cartulaire Blésois (Blois) (“Marmoutier (Blésois)”), I, IV, p. 8.

[202] Richer IV, supplementary notes following CVII, p. 308.

[203] Marmoutier (Blésois), I, V, p. 10.

[204] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 62 footnote 42.

[205] Lecesne, H. (ed.) (1874) Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Dunois III, p. 4.

[206] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 242 footnote 8.

[207] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres (Paris) ("Chartres Saint-Père"), I, Liber Quintus, Cap. V, p. 96.

[208] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 5.

[209] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[210] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1013, MGH SS XXIII, p. 780.

[211] Chronicon Hugonis, monachi Virdunensis et divionensis abbatis Flaviniacensis I 996, MGH SS VIII, p. 368.

[212] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[213] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.40, p. 165.

[214] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[215] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 57.

[216] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.34, p. 157.

[217] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 56 and 57.

[218] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.

[219] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 267.

[220] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.

[221] Depoin, J. (1912) Recueil des chartes et documents de Saint-Martin-des-Champs, monastère parisien, Vol. 1 (Paris), no. 6, pp. 15-16, expanded by Mathieu, J. N. (1996) 'Recherches sur les premiers Comtes de Dammartin', Mémoires publiés par la Fédération des sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, t. 47 (1996), pp. 15-16.

[222] Lépinois, E. de & Merlet L. (1862) Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres d'après les cartularies et les titres originaux (Chartres), Vol. I, XIII, p. 87, cited in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 63 footnote 57.

[223] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[224] ES III 676.

[225] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum IV.26, p. 213.

[226] Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis, RHGF X, p. 222.

[227] Origine et Historia Brevi Nivernensium Comitum, RHGF X, p. 258.

[228] Bouchard (1987), pp. 343-4, the author highlighting the "unreliable genealogies" of Raoul Glaber and preferring the Annales Vizeliacenses as a reliable source.

[229] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[230] Cluny Tome IV, 2811, p. 13.

[231] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[232] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.32, p. 151.

[233] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[234] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 270.

[235] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.

[236] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.33, p. 157.

[237] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[238] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[239] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.

[240] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[241] Le Prévost, A. (1840) Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ (Paris) ("Orderic Vitalis (Prévost)"), Vol. I, Liber I, p. 184, and Vol. III, Liber VII, p. 160.

[242] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[243] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 317.

[244] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1060, MGH SS XXIII, p. 792.

[245] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[246] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Vol. IV, Appendix I, p. 350.

[247] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[248] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 390.

[249] Prou, M. (ed.) (1908) Recueil des actes de Philippe I roi de France (Paris), IV, p. 13.

[250] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 307.

[251] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[252] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.

[253] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 65.

[254] RHGF XI, Ex Historiæ Francicæ Fragmento, p. 161.

[255] RHGF XI, Ex Chronico S. Petri Vivi Senonensi auctore Clario monacho, p. 197.

[256] Merlet, R. ‘Du lieu où mourut Henri I roi de France’, Le Moyen Âge (1903), pp. 203-9.

[257] Merlet ‘Du lieu où mourut Henri I’, pp. 204-5, citing Archives d´Eure-et-Loir, H. 399.

[258] Le Prévost, A. (1845) Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ (Paris) ("Orderic Vitalis (Prévost)"), Vol. II, Liber III, I, p. 79.

[259] Merlet ‘Du lieu où mourut Henri I’, p. 206.

[260] Giry, A. (1925) Manuel de Diplomatique, new edition (Paris), pp. 583-9.

[261] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii, 32, MGH SS IX, p. 404.

[262] Annales Nivernenses 1060, MGH SS XIII, p. 90.

[263] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Eglise Cathédrale de Paris, p. 163.

[264] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 323.

[265] Histoire d'Auxerre, Tome IV, p. 16.

[266] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 244 footnote 17.

[267] Wiponis, Vita Chuonradi II Imperatoris 32, MGH SS XI, p. 271.

[268] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 65.

[269] D K II 204, p. 275.

[270] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum IV.23, p. 211.

[271] Excerptum Historicum, RHGF XI, p. 157.

[272] Ex continuatione Historiæ Aimoni Monachi Floriacensis, RHGF XI, p. 276.

[273] Vajay 'Mathilde', pp. 248-54.

[274] Ex Historiæ Francicæ Fragmento, RHGF XI, p. 161.

[275] Miracula Sancti Benedicti, auctore Andreæ monachi Floriacensis quartus, Liber VII, III, p. 252.

[276] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 388.

[277] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, I, p. 158.

[278] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1052, MGH SS XXIII, p. 789.

[279] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 66.

[280] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[281] Excerptum Historicum, RHGF XI, p. 157.

[282] Bautier, R.-H. 'Anne de Kiev, reine de France, et la politique royale au XI^e siècle. Etude critique de la documentation', Aspects des relations intellectuelles entre la France et la Russie, Revue des etudes slaves (Paris, 1985) t. 57, pp. 539-64, citing Certain, E. de (ed.) (1858) André de Fleury Miracula sancti Benedicti, VII, ch III, p. 252, cited in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 70 footnote 46. .

[283] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[284] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 388, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[285] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[286] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1060, MGH SS XXIII, p. 792.

[287] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[288] RHC, Historiens occidentaux I, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer"), (“William of Tyre”) I. XVII, p. 45.

[289] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, I, p. 159.

[290] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber II, Cap. VII-VIII, pp. 304-5.

[291] Sewter, E. R. A. (trans.) (1969) Anna Comnena The Alexiad (Penguin Books), Book 10, p. 313.

[292] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[293] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 10, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[294] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, I, p. 159.

[295] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1052, MGH SS XXIII, p. 789.

[296] Hugonis Floriacensis Modernorum Regum Francorum Actus, MGH SS IX, p. 389.

[297] Bertholdi Annales, 1060, MGH SS Tome V, p. 271.

[298] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 70.

[299] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 70-1.

[300] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[301] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 268.

[302] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 322.

[303] Kézai, S., Veszprémy, L. and Schaer, F. (eds. and trans.) (1999) Simonis de Kéza Gesta Hungarorum (CEP), 57, p. 127.

[304] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 390.

[305] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 391, additional manuscript quoted in footnote *.

[306] Bruch, H. (ed.) (1973) Chronologia Johannes de Beke (The Hague), 45, p. 85, available at < http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten /KroniekVanJohannesDeBekeTot1430/latijn> (31 Aug 2006).

[307] Nicholas (1992), p. 52.

[308] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 71.

[309] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Victor, p. 593.

[310] Duru, L. M. (1863) Bibliothèque historique de l’Yonne (Auxerre, Paris), Tome II, Chronicon Sancti-Petri-Vivi Senonensis auctore Clario, p. 512.

[311] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XX, p. 386.

[312] De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses MGH SS, p. 257.

[313] William of Tyre XIV.I, p. 606.

[314] Runciman, S. (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin Books), Vol. 1, p. 107.

[315] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 72.

[316] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, pp. 51-5.

[317] Bienvenue, J. M. (ed.) (2000) Grand Cartulaire de Fontevraud, Tome I (Poitiers) (“Fontevraud”) 156, p. 142.

[318] Falkenhausen, Vera von 'Constantia oppure Constantinopolis? Sui presenti viaggi in Oriente della vedova di Boemondo I' in ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ Studi … Anastasi, 153-67 (1994), cited in Houben, H. (trans. Loud, G. H. & Milburn, D.) (2002) Roger II of Sicily, A Ruler between East and West (Cambridge University Press), p. 39 footnote 16.

[319] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, I, p. 159.

[320] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[321] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XX, p. 390.

[322] Molesme II, 19, p. 26.

[323] William of Tyre XI.I, p. 450.

[324] Lecoy de la Marche, A. (ed.) (1867) Œuvres complètes de Suger (Paris) ("Suger"), Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis IX, p. 30.

[325] Nielen, M.-A. (ed.) (2003) Lignages d'Outremer (Paris), Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIIII, p. 93.

[326] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 48-9.

[327] Houben (2002), p. 31.

[328] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 417.

[329] Annales Ceccanenses 1120, MGH SS XIX, p. 282.

[330] Ivo of Chartres, Epistolæ, in Migne, J. P. (ed.) Patrologiæ cursus completes, serie Latina CLXII, pp. 163-4 ep. 158, cited in Chibnall, Vol. VI, p. 70 footnote 5.

[331] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[332] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 391, additional manuscript quoted in footnote *.

[333] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[334] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XX, p. 389.

[335] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis XVII, pp. 66-7.

[336] Fontevraud 156, p. 142.

[337] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chapitre Saint-Germain L'Auxerrois, p. 799.

[338] Ex Chronica Regum Francorum, RHGF XII, p. 208.

[339] Le cartulaire du prieuré de Notre-Dame de Longpont de l´ordre de Cluny au diocèse de Paris (Lyon, 1870) ("Longpont Notre-Dame"), CXCVII, p. 181.

[340] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[341] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XX, p. 389.

[342] Patrologia Latina, Vol. CCXVI, Innocentii III PP Regestorum Lib. XVI, IX, col. 979.

[343] Patrologia Latina, Vol. CCXVI, Innocentii III PP Regestorum Lib. XVI, IX, X and XII, cols. 979 and 982.

[344] Quantin, M. (ed.) (1860) Cartulaire general de l'Yonne (Auxerre) ("Yonne"), Tome I, CCCXL, p. 494.

[345] Catel, A. and Lecomte, M. (eds.) (1927) Chartes et documents de l'abbaye cisterciennes de Preuilly (Paris), 183 (not yet consulted), cited in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 78 footnote 63.

[346] ES XIV 146.

[347] Leroy, G. ´Diplôme inédit du roi Louis VII en faveur de l´abbaye de Barbeau´, Bulletin de la Société d´archéologie, sciences, lettres et arts du département de Seine-et-Marne, Vol. XII 1907-08 (Melun, 1909), pp. 127-31.

[348] ES XIV 146.

[349] Leroy ´Diplôme inédit du roi Louis VII´, pp. 127-31.

[350] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[351] William of Tyre XI.I, p. 450, and XIV.I, p. 606.

[352] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 52.

[353] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 125.

[354] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber XII, Cap. XIX, p. 701.

[355] William of Tyre XIV.V, pp. 612 and XIV.VI, p. 614.

[356] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 134 footnote 3.

[357] Sturdza, M. D. (1999) Dictionnaire Historique et Généalogique des Grandes Familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople (2e edition Paris), p. 631.

[358] Rozière, E. de (ed.) (1849) Cartulaire de l'église de Saint-Sépulchre de Jerusalem (Paris) ("Saint-Sépulchre de Jerusalem"), 92, p. 183.

[359] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 74.

[360] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 74.

[361] Sainte-Marthe, S. & L. de (1628) Histoire généalogique de la maison de France (Paris), Tome I, p. 319.

[362] Anselme, Père & Du Fourny (1725) Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la maison du roy et des anciens du Royaume, 3rd edn. (Paris) ("Père Anselme"), Tome I, p. 74.

[363] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1096, MGH SS XXIII, p. 805.

[364] ES II 11.

[365] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 74.

[366] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, I, p. 159.

[367] Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii 31, MGH SS IX, p. 405.

[368] Luchaire, A. (1890) Louis VI le Gros, Annales de sa vie et de son règne (Paris), pp. 285-9.

[369] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis XXXII, pp. 147-8.

[370] Luchaire (1890), p. 285, citing Vita Sancti Arnulfi.

[371] Ex Chronico S. Petri Catalaunensis 1108, RHGF XII, p. 276.

[372] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 79.

[373] Fragmentum ex Viteri membrana, RHGF XII, p. 63, cited and dated in Luchaire (1890), p. 284, which cites several other sources to justify the statement.

[374] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis XIII, p. 48.

[375] Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), p. 103.

[376] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis XXXII, pp. 147-8.

[377] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 268.

[378] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 322.

[379] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 157.

[380] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis VIII, p. 26.

[381] Longpont Notre-Dame, CCXCII, p. 235.

[382] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[383] De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses MGH SS, p. 258.

[384] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1162, MGH SS XXIII, p. 846.

[385] Duchesne, A. (1624) Histoire généalogique de la maison de Montmorency et de Laval (Paris), Preuves, p. 43.

[386] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 81.

[387] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 331.

[388] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 83 and 91, footnote 91, citing Dufour, J. ´Un faux de Louis VI relatif à Liancourt (Oise)´, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Tome 144 (1986), appendice, pp. 66-7, and Depoin, J. (1900) Bulletin historique et philologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, p. 144 (not yet consulted).

[389] Longpont Notre-Dame, CCLVI, p. 213.

[390] Longpont Notre-Dame, CCLXXIV, p. 224.

[391] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 423.

[392] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[393] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 391.

[394] Suger Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis XXXI, p. 138.

[395] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 277.

[396] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 328.

[397] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[398] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[399] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 81.

[400] Sigeberti Continuatio auctarium Aquicinense 1161, MGH SS VI, p. 397.

[401] Sigeberti Continuatio auctarium Aquicinense 1161, MGH SS VI, p. 397.

[402] Delisle, L. (ed.) (1872) Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé de Mont-Saint-Michel (Rouen), Vol. II, p. 59.

[403] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 331.

[404] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[405] William of Tyre XXI.XXX, p. 1058.

[406] William of Tyre XXI.XXX, p. 1058.

[407] Quantin, M. (ed.) (1860) Cartulaire general de l'Yonne (Auxerre) ("Yonne") Tome II, 204, p. 222.

[408] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Abbaye de la Cour-Dieu, Extraits des deux obituaires, p. 170.

[409] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[410] De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses MGH SS, p. 258.

[411] Howlett, R. (ed.) (1884) (London) Historia rerum Anglicarum of William of Newburgh (“William of Newburgh”) I.XI, p. 44.

[412] Thorpe, B. (ed.) (1849) Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, Tome II, p. 125.

[413] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1879) The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, Vol. I (London) (“Gervase”), p. 112.

[414] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1874) Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (London) (“Matthew Paris”), Vol. II, 1139, p. 170.

[415] Röhricht, R. ed. (1893) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (Oeniponti), 545, p. 145.

[416] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 323.

[417] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[418] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1160, p. 328.

[419] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Cathédrale d´Orléans, Livre de Distributions du XVI siècle, p. 96.

[420] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 83.

[421] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 75.

[422] Chartres Saint-Père, Codex Diplomaticus Pars Tertia ex Schedis D. Muley, XXIII, p. 638.

[423] Chartres Saint-Père, Codex Diplomaticus Pars Tertia ex Schedis D. Muley, XLIV, p. 652.

[424] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 249.

[425] Chartres Saint-Père, Codex Diplomaticus Pars Tertia ex Schedis D. Muley, XXIV, p. 640.

[426] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 193.

[427] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1180, p. 315.

[428] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 155.

[429] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 248.

[430] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 286-7.

[431] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 517.

[432] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1181, MGH SS XXIII, p. 857.

[433] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 326.

[434] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152, MGH SS XXIII, p. 841.

[435] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 262.

[436] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 166.

[437] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1155, p. 210.

[438] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispaniæ, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.

[439] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1160, p. 329.

[440] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 511.

[441] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarum, col. 532.

[442] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 328.

[443] William of Tyre XXII.IV, p. 1068.

[444] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 515.

[445] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152 and 1164, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 841 and 848.

[446] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1206, MGH SS XXIII, p. 886.

[447] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 319.

[448] Guizot, M. (ed.) (1825) Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis, Collection des Mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France (Paris) (“Guillaume de Nangis”), p. 94.

[449] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152, MGH SS XXIII, p. 841.

[450] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1137, p. 166.

[451] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1198, MGH SS XXIII, p. 876.

[452] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152, MGH SS XXIII, p. 841.

[453] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1137, p. 166.

[454] Belfort, A. de (ed.) (1881) Archives de la Maison-Dieu de Châteaudun (Paris, Châteaudun) (“Châteaudun Hôtel-Dieu”) XXXII, p. 24.

[455] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 93.

[456] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1158, p. 311.

[457] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 511.

[458] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1160, p. 329.

[459] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarum, col. 532.

[460] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1164, MGH SS XXIII, p. 848.

[461] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 514.

[462] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1172, p. 286.

[463] Gertz, M. C. (1917-18) Scriptores Minores Historicæ Danicæ medii ævi (Copenhagen), Vol. I, Wilhelmi Abbatis Genealogia Regum Danorum, p. 182.

[464] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 518.

[465] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1185, MGH SS XXIII, p. 858.

[466] Liljegren, J. G. (ed.) (1829) Diplomatarium Suecanum, Svensk Diplomatarium, Tome I 817-1285 (Stockhom) ("Diplomatarium Suecanum") 101, p. 125.

[467] Mas Latrie, M. L. (ed.) (1871) Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier (Paris) (“Ernoul”) 26, p. 302.

[468] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1160, p. 329.

[469] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarum, col. 532.

[470] Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1875) Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum (London), p. 13.

[471] Historia Gloriosi Regis Ludovici VII, RHGF, p. 128.

[472] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1164, MGH SS XXIII, p. 848.

[473] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispaniæ, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.

[474] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1868) Chronica, Magistri Rogeri de Houedene (London) (“Roger of Hoveden”), Vol. I, p. 218.

[475] Gervase, p. 208.

[476] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1847) Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, The Chronicle of the reigns of Henry II and Richard I 1169-1192, known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough (London) (“Benedict of Peterborough”) Vol. I 1177, p. 191.

[477] Benedict of Peterborough Vol. 2 1189, p. 70.

[478] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 97.

[479] Prarond, E. (ed.) (1897) Le cartulaire du comté de Ponthieu, Mémoires de la société d'émulation d'Abbeville, Tome II (Abbeville) ("Ponthieu") XVII, p. 32.

[480] Ponthieu XXIV, p. 43.

[481] Ponthieu XXIX, p. 48.

[482] Ponthieu XXXI, p. 50.

[483] Ponthieu XXXII, p. 52.

[484] Ponthieu XXXIV, p. 55.

[485] Ponthieu XLVIII, p. 72.

[486] Ponthieu LI, p. 74.

[487] William of Tyre XXII.IV, p. 1068.

[488] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 97.

[489] Sommerard, L. du (1907) Deux princesses d´Orient au XII siècle, Anne Comnène, Agnès de France (Paris), pp. 205 and 210.

[490] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1164, MGH SS XXIII, p. 848.

[491] Sommerard (1907), p. 204.

[492] William of Tyre XXII.IV, pp. 1066-7.

[493] Sommerard (1907), p. 341 quotes the full text from RHGF Tome XV.

[494] Sommerard (1907), pp. 210-1.

[495] Mas Latrie, M. L. (ed.) (1871) Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier (Paris) (“Ernoul”), p. 46.

[496] Benedict of Peterborough I 1179, p. 230.

[497] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 515.

[498] Benedict of Peterborough I 1183, p. 234.

[499] Meineke, A. (ed.) (1835) Nicetæ Choniatæ Historia, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Niketas Choniates"), Imperiii Andronici Comneni , Liber 1, 1, p. 357.

[500] Shaw, M. R. B. (trans.) (1963) Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades (Penguin) (“Villehardouin”), 18, p. 133.

[501] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1193 and 1205, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 870 and 885.

[502] Lauer, P. (ed.) (1924) Robert de Clari, La conquête de Constantinople (Paris), LIII, p. 54 (information provided by Andrew Dalby).

[503] Sommerard (1907), p. 305.

[504] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 97.

[505] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 98.

[506] Sainte-Marthe (1628), Tome I, p. 342.

[507] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 78.

[508] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1223, p. 82, "tertio autem idus Augusti mortuus est".

[509] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 512.

[510] William of Tyre XXII.IV, p. 1068.

[511] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 44.

[512] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 515.

[513] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 52.

[514] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 819.

[515] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 131.

[516] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 519.

[517] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1191, MGH SS XXIII, p. 868.

[518] Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1187, MGH SS V, p. 46.

[519] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1180, p. 317.

[520] Count Philippe was never appointed regent of France nor guardian of the young king, see Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 114, footnote 14.

[521] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 7, MGH SS IX, p. 329.

[522] Rigordi Gestis Philippi II Augusti 1189, MGH SS XXVI, p. 291.

[523] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 312.

[524] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 62.

[525] Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon 1182, MGH SS XXV, p. 536.

[526] Gesta Innocentii III, xlviii. 93-4, quoted in Conklin, George 'Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France, 1193-1223', in Duggan, A. (ed.) (1997) Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe (The Boydell Press), p. 40 footnote 4.

[527] Howlett, R. (ed.) Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, 4 vols. RS 82 (London, 1884-89), I, 369, quoted in Conklin 'Ingeborg of Denmark', p. 40 footnote 5.

[528] Baldwin, J. 'La vie sexuelle de Philippe Auguste' Mariage et sexualité ay Moyen âge. Accord ou crise? Colloque international de Conques, sous la direction de M. Rouche, pp. 217-229, and Bruguières, N. B. 'Le mariage de Philippe Auguste et Isambour de Danemark, Aspects canoniques et politiques', Melanges offerts à Jean Dauvilier (Toulouse, 1979), pp. 135-56.

[529] Coussemaker, I. de (ed.) (1886) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Cysoing et de ses dépendances (Lille) ("Cysoing"), LX, p. 74.

[530] Conklin 'Ingeborg of Denmark', p. 51.

[531] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1237, MGH SS XXIII, p. 942.

[532] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Eglise Cathédrale de Paris, p. 162.

[533] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1196, MGH SS XXIII, p. 872.

[534] Rigordi Gestis Philippi II Augusti 1196, MGH SS XXVI, p. 293.

[535] De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses III, MGH SS XVII, p. 330.

[536] Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon 1182, MGH SS XXV, p. 536.

[537] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1201, MGH SS XXIII, p. 878.

[538] Necrologium Diessense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 7.

[539] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 321.

[540] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 112, citing Philippe Mouskès Chronique rimée, vers 20723.

[541] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 519.

[542] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 7, MGH SS IX, p. 329.

[543] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 7, MGH SS IX, p. 329.

[544] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1196 and 1201, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 872 and 878.

[545] Delisle (1856), 726, p. 166.

[546] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 109.

[547] Annales Parchenses 1214 and 1235, MGH SS XVI, p. 607.

[548] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 64.

[549] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1196 and 1201, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 872 and 878.

[550] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 252, MGH SS XXIV, p. 772.

[551] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Vauduisant, p. 53.

[552] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Abbaye de la Cour-Dieu, Extraits des deux obituaires, p. 169.

[553] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 220, MGH SS XXIV, p. 763.

[554] Jacob, A. (ed.) (1882) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Sainte-Hoïlde (Bar-le-Duc") ("Sainte-Hoïlde") XCVII, p. 79.

[555] Delisle, L. ´Recherches sur les comtes de Dammartin au XIII siècle´, Mémoires de la société impériale des antiquaires de France, 4th series, Tome I (1869, Paris), Appendice, VII, p. 247.

[556] Delisle L. ´Recherches sur les comtes de Dammartin au XIII siècle´, Appendice, VIII, p. 248.

[557] Chronicon Savigniacense, Stephani Baluzii Miscellaneorum, Liber II, Collectio Veterum, p. 321.

[558] Breve Chronicon Alcobacense, Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, p. 21.

[559] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 112.

[560] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 80.

[561] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 252, MGH SS XXIV, p. 772.

[562] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 2473, p. 330.

[563] Sainte-Hoïlde XCVII, p. 79.

[564] Delisle L. ´Recherches sur les comtes de Dammartin au XIII siècle´, Appendice, VIII, p. 248.

[565] Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon 1182, MGH SS XXV, p. 536.

[566] Auvray, L. (1908-1910) Les registres de Grégoire IX (Paris), Tome III, 5246, p. 281.

[567] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1240, MGH SS XXIII, p. 948.

[568] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1241, MGH SS XXIII, p. 949.

[569] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1249, p. 92.

[570] Sainte-Marthe (1628), Tome I, p. 355.

[571] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 519.

[572] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[573] Annales S. Nicasii Remenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 85.

[574] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 136.

[575] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 823.

[576] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 330.

[577] Annales Londonienses, p. 27.

[578] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1143 and 1200, MGH SS XXIII, pp. 837 and 877.

[579] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1925) Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza (Madrid) (“Arlanza”), CXXVI, p. 232.

[580] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 83.

[581] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 354.

[582] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Hôtel-Dieu de Provins, p. 964.

[583] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 332.

[584] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 124.

[585] Sainte-Marthe (1628), Tome I, p. 361.

[586] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 83.

[587] Quantin, M. (1873) Recueil de pièces pour faire suite au Cartulaire Général de l´Yonne, XIII siècle (Auxerre, Paris) (“Yonne (suite)”), 212, p. 94.

[588] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1214, MGH SS XXIII, p. 902.

[589] Yonne (suite), 212, p. 94.

[590] Duplès-Agier, H. (ed.) (1874) Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges (Paris) Chronicon Bernardi Iterii, p. 86.

[591] Chronicon Bernardi Iterii, p. 86.

[592] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[593] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[594] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 158.

[595] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[596] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[597] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[598] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 175.

[599] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 354.

[600] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 83.

[601] Vic, Dom C. de and Dom Vaissete (1840) Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. (Paris), Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 680.

[602] Broussillon, B. de (1893) La maison de Craon (Paris), Tome I, p. 174.

[603] Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome V, Preuves, CLII, p. 658.

[604] Lagarde, C. (trans.) (1864) Chronique de Maître Guillaume de Puylaurens sur la guerre des Albigeois (1202-1272) (Béziers), Chap. XL, p. 235.

[605] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1237, MGH SS XXIII, p. 941.

[606] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 150.

[607] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn., Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 680.

[608] Col. Périgord, Vol. 53, fol 322, citing Archives nat. de Fr., Trésor de Chartes, boîte cotée 'Testaments des rois, reines et grands seigneurs', 2e partie, Testament de Jeanne, fille de Raimond comte de Toulouse et de Poitiers, femme d'Alphonse de France comte de Poitiers. [JCC]

[609] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[610] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[611] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1232, MGH SS XXIII, p. 930.

[612] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 319.

[613] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1922, p. 119.

[614] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1866) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, Annales Monasterii de Bermundeseia (London), Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 103.

[615] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[616] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[617] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1232, MGH SS XXIII, p. 930.

[618] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 305.

[619] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[620] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 2065, p. 182.

[621] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 557.

[622] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 313.

[623] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1710, p. 54.

[624] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[625] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 175.

[626] Chronicon Turonense, RHGF XVIII, p. 317.

[627] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 257-61.

[628] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250 pp. 158 and 164.

[629] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 275.

[630] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 280.

[631] Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum 1233, MGH SS XXIV, p. 161.

[632] Gallia Christiana Novissima, I.1, Aix, Instrumenta, Col. 27-28, no. XXIII.

[633] State Archives, consulted at <http://ww2.multix.it/asto/asp/inventari.asp> (14 Nov 2003), volume 104, page 11, fascicules 11.1, 2 and 3, and Wurstenberger, L. (1858) Peter der Zweite Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien, sein Haus und seine Lande (Bern, Zurich), Vol. IV, 636, p. 317.

[634] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 577.

[635] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 144.

[636] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 24.

[637] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 144.

[638] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, pp. 81 and 84.

[639] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1989)"Corónicas" Navarras (Zaragoza), 7.12, p. 75.

[640] Troyes Necrologies, 2 Obituaire de Saint-Etienne, p. 219.

[641] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 144.

[642] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[643] RHGF XXI, E speculo historiali Vincentii Bellovacensis, Liber 30, CLII, p. 74.

[644] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 815.

[645] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 173.

[646] RHGF XXI, E floribus historiarum auctore Adamo Claromontensi, p. 78.

[647] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1255, pp. 509-10.

[648] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 153.

[649] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 141, footnote 54, quoting Chancel-Bardelot, B. de ´La sculpture métallique: tombeaux et statuaire (XIII-XIV siècles)´, L´Œuvre de Limoges. Emaux limousins du Moyen-Age, exposition à Paris au musée du Louvre, 23 Oct 1995-22 Jan 1996 (Paris, 1995), p. 403.

[650] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[651] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 160.

[652] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 564.

[653] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal, p. 642.

[654] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 655.

[655] Du Chesne, A. (1628) Histoire géneálogique des ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de France (Paris), Preuves, p. 84.

[656] Marolles, Abbé de (1873) Inventaire des titres de Nevers (Nevers), col. 1.

[657] Du Chesne (1628), Preuves, p. 85.

[658] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ MGH SS IX, p. 335.

[659] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon, MGH SS XXV, p. 575.

[660] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[661] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 492.

[662] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 817.

[663] Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges, Anonymum S Martialis Chronicon, p. 178.

[664] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 524.

[665] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 492.

[666] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 524.

[667] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire Patin, p. 163.

[668] Morice, H. (1742) Mémoires pour servir de preuves à l´histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Bretagne, Tome I (Paris), col. 1105.

[669] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 86.

[670] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 142, footnote 72.

[671] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 86.

[672] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 142, footnote 72.

[673] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[674] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 311.

[675] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 662.

[676] Chronicon de Cardeña, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 374.

[677] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 691.

[678] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[679] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Ampliata 14, MGH SS XXV, p. 397.

[680] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 68.

[681] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[682] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 512.

[683] RHGF XXI, Majus Chronicon Lemovicense, p. 769.

[684] Louis Carolus-Barré 'Les grands tournois de Compiègne et de Senlis en l'honneur de Charles Prince de Salerne (mai 1279)', Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaries de France (Paris, 1978), pp. 87-100, cited in Kerrebrouck (1987), p. 51 footnote 6.

[685] RHGF XXI, Chronique anonyme des rois de France, p. 81.

[686] Obituaires de Lyon II, Diocèse de Chalon-sur-Saône, Abbaye chef d'ordre de Cîteaux, p. 608.

[687] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 144.

[688] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 153.

[689] RHGF XXI, E speculo historiali Vincentii Bellovacensis, Liber 30, CLII, p. 74.

[690] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 691.

[691] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 570.

[692] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Léproserie du Popelin à Sens, p. 980.

[693] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007), XXXV, p. 149.

[694] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 634.

[695] RHGF XXI, E floribus historiarum auctore Adamo Claromontensi, p. 79.

[696] E visitationibus Odonis Rigaudi archiepiscopi Rothomagensis, RHGF XXI, p. 587.

[697] Gesta Sancti Ludovici, RHGF XX, p. 414.

[698] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 815.

[699] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 9, MGH SS XXV, p. 391.

[700] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 494.

[701] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 496.

[702] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 650.

[703] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 32.

[704] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 502.

[705] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 565.

[706] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 561.

[707] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 149, footnote 37, citing Brown, E. A. R. ´The prince is father of the king: the character and childhood of Philip the Fair of France´, Medieval Studies, Vol. 49 (Toronto, 1987), p. 317.

[708] RHGF XXII, Fragmenta Computorum, s. 37a, p. 754.

[709] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 145.

[710] Viard, J. (1934) Les Grandes Chroniques de France, Tome VIII (Paris), XI, p. 30.

[711] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 145.

[712] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 571.

[713] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 698.

[714] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 625.

[715] Hellot, A. (ed. (1884) Chronique Parisienne anonyme du XIV siècle (Nogent) (“Chronique Parisienne”), 30, p. 39.

[716] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 462.

[717] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 581.

[718] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 584.

[719] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 1180.

[720] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[721] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Ampliata 14, MGH SS XXV, p. 397.

[722] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 72.

[723] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 703.

[724] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 620.

[725] Chronique Parisienne, 21, p. 33.

[726] López de Ayala, P. (1780) Crónicas de los Reyes de Castilla (Madrid), Tome II, Crónica del rey Enrique II, Año Octavo, Cap. X, p. 49.

[727] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 709.

[728] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 709.

[729] RHGF XXIII, Chronique des comtes d´Eu, p. 447.

[730] Delachenal, R. (1910) Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V, Tome I (Paris), p. 141.

[731] Bellaguet, L. (1839) Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis (Paris), Tome I, Liv. X, Chap. V, p. 605.

[732] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 709.

[733] Baluze, S. (1708) Histoire généalogique de la maison d´Auvergne (Paris) ("Baluze (1708) Auvergne"), Tome II, p. 187.

[734] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 188.

[735] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 656.

[736] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 733.

[737] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 151.

[738] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 697.

[739] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 816.

[740] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 571 and 581.

[741] Rymer, T. (1745) Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ 3rd Edn (London), Tome I, Pars III, p. 206.

[742] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1869) Annales Monastici Vol. IV, Annales de Oseneia, Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, Annales de Wigornia (London), p. 542.

[743] Rymer (1740), Tome I, Pars III, p. 213.

[744] Mémoires de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris et de L’Ile-de-France, Tome XI (Paris, 1885) Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339, 15, p. 31.

[745] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 149.

[746] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 571 and 582.

[747] Annales de Wigornia, p. 515.

[748] Leuschner, J. (1980) Germany in the Late Middle Ages (North Holland Publishing Company), p. 100.

[749] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 591.

[750] Viard, Tome VIII (1934), LVIII, p. 243.

[751] Necrologium Habsburgicum Monasterii Campi Regis, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 357.

[752] Necrologium Feldbacense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 389.

[753] Monumenta Necrologica Claustroneoburgensis, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 3.

[754] Necrologium Patrum Minorum ad S Crucem Vindobonæ, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 166.

[755] Necrologium Runense, Salzburg Necrologies (Regio Styriaca), p. 341.

[756] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 561.

[757] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 571.

[758] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[759] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 823.

[760] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 570.

[761] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 682.

[762] Merlet, L. ´Procès pour la possession du comté de Bigorre (1254-1503)´, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Vol. 18, no. 1 (1857), Pièces Justificatives, XII, p. 321, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 34.

[763] Merlet ´Procès´, Pièces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.

[764] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 591.

[765] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 817.

[766] Viard, Tome VIII (1934), V, p. 140.

[767] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 615.

[768] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 818.

[769] Viard, J. ´Date de la mort de Louis X Hutin´, Bibliothèque de l´école des chartes, Tome 60 (1899), p. 115.

[770] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 592.

[771] Prost, B. and Bougenot, S. (eds.) (1904) Cartulaire de Hugues de Chalon (1220-1319) (Lon-le-Saunier) (“Hugues de Chalon”), 548, p. 415.

[772] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 609.

[773] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 589 footnote 36.

[774] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 613.

[775] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[776] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 612 and 614.

[777] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[778] Chronique Parisienne, 184, p. 122.

[779] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 92.

[780] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[781] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 615.

[782] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 620.

[783] Chronique Parisienne, 21, p. 33.

[784] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 616-7.

[785] Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 (1885), Tome XI, 4, p. 26.

[786] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 92.

[787] Théobald, Père ‘Les Cordelières de Saint-Marcel-lez-Paris’, Etudes franciscaines, Tome XX (Paris, Jul-Dec 1908), p. 576, citing Eubel, C. (ed.) (1898) Bullarium franciscanum, Vol. 5, p. 504, and “Wadding Reg. 236”. I am grateful to Patrick van Kerrebrouck for his discovery of this source, notified to me by Thierry Le Hête by email 15 Apr 2021.

[788] Théobald ‘Les Cordelières de Saint-Marcel-lez-Paris’ (Jul-Dec 1908), pp. 576-7.

[789] Viard, J. (1900) Documents parisiens du règne de Philippe VI de Valois, Tome II (Paris), CCLVIII, p. 103. I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for sending this information by email 17 Apr 2021.

[790] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 91.

[791] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 91.

[792] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars III, p. 206.

[793] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 26.

[794] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1882) Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London), Annales Londonienses, p. 152.

[795] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 597.

[796] Thompson, E. M. (1889) Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke (Oxford) (“Chronicon Galfridi le Baker”), p. 3.

[797] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, p. 3.

[798] Luce, S. (ed.) (1869) Chroniques de J. Froissart (Paris) ("Froissart"), Tome I, Livre 1, 8, pp. 20-1.

[799] Thomson, E. M. (1874) Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (London) (“Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (1874)), p. 38.

[800] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 91.

[801] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 732.

[802] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 814.

[803] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 594.

[804] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 610.

[805] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 618 and 620.

[806] Chronique Parisienne, 21, p. 33.

[807] Foppens, J. F. (1748) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome IV, Pars II, CXVIII, p. 267.

[808] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 625.

[809] Nicholas (1992), p. 197.

[810] RHGF XXI, Extraits de la Chronique attribuée à Jean Desnouelles, p. 197.

[811] Terrebasse, A. de (ed.) (1844) Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus (Vienne) ("De Allobrogibus") VIII, p. 458.

[812] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1722) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome II, XIV, p. 193.

[813] Valbonnais (1722), Tome II, XV, p. 195.

[814] Finot, J. (1886) Les Sires de Faucogney, Vicomtes de Vesoul (Paris), Pièces justificatives, LVIII, p. 282.

[815] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 726.

[816] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 707.

[817] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 726.

[818] Chronique Parisienne, 6, p. 26.

[819] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 644.

[820] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 815.

[821] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 597.

[822] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 609 and 613.

[823] Boudet, M. ‘Nouveaux documents sur Thomas de la Marche’, Le Moyen Âge (1903), pp. 284-94.

[824] Chronique Parisienne, 88, p. 71.

[825] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 732.

[826] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 120.

[827] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 732.

[828] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 651.

[829] Viard, Tome IX (1937), I, p. 4.

[830] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 130.

[831] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput XI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 136.

[832] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 656.

[833] Gade, J. A. (1951) Luxemburg in the Middle Ages (Leiden), p. 140.

[834] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 733.

[835] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 97.

[836] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 656.

[837] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 733.

[838] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 151.

[839] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 697.

[840] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 816.

[841] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 172.

[842] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96.

[843] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96, quoting “memoriaux de la Chambre des Comptes à Paris, folio 4.2”.

[844] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96, citing “un registre du tresor des chartes cotte 117, n. 66”.

[845] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 172.

[846] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 609 and 613.

[847] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96.

[848] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96.

[849] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 732.

[850] Viard, Tome IX (1937), VIIII, p. 28.

[851] Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 (1885), Tome XI, 127, p. 92.

[852] Dubern, J. (1837) Histoire des reines et régentes de France (Paris), p. 180.

[853] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 644.

[854] RHGF XXI, Continuatio Chronici Girardi de Fracheto, p. 69.

[855] Chronique Parisienne, 154, p. 107.

[856] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 96, citing “un registre du tresor des chartes cotte 117, n. 66”.

[857] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 644.

[858] RHGF XXI, Continuatio Chronici Girardi de Fracheto, p. 69.

[859] Chronique Parisienne, 154, p. 107.

[860] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 97.

[861] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 646.

[862] RHGF XXI, Continuatio Chronici Girardi de Fracheto, p. 70.

[863] Chronique Parisienne, 173, p. 114.

[864] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XXXIII, p. 252.

[865] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Cathédrale d´Orléans, Livre de Distributions du XVI siècle, p. 95.

[866] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 97.

[867] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 708.

[868] RHGF XXIII, Ex brevi Chronico ecclesiæ S. Dionysii, p. 145.

[869] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 524.

[870] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 253.

[871] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 582.

[872] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 233.

[873] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris, p. 232.

[874] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 403.

[875] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, p. 36.

[876] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 574.

[877] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 403.

[878] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 567.

[879] Bouchet, J. du (1661) Histoire généalogique de la maison royale de Courtenay (Paris), Preuves, p. 22.

[880] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 582.

[881] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 464.

[882] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 595.

[883] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 656.

[884] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 403.

[885] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 598.

[886] Skene, F. J. H. (ed.) (1877) Liber Pluscardensis, Historians of Scotland Vol. VII (Edinburgh) Vol. I, Liber VIII, CXVIII and CXIX, pp. 143 and 144.

[887] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars III, p. 146.

[888] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars III, p. 152.

[889] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 1123.

[890] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 1123.

[891] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 404.

[892] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 646.

[893] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 598.

[894] Barret (ed.) (1894) Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour la Perche (Mortagne) ("Marmoutier-Perche"), 54, p. 72.

[895] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 101.

[896] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 607.

[897] Viard, Tome VIII (1934), LXVIII, p. 290.

[898] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 286.

[899] Sturdza (1999), p. 500.

[900] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 617.

[901] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 101.

[902] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 101.

[903] Annales Ludovici de Raimo, RIS XXIII, col. 223.

[904] Chronique Parisienne, 91, p. 72.

[905] La Mure, J. M. de (1675 manuscript, 1860) Histoire des ducs de Bourbon et des comtes de Forez (Paris), Tome III, Preuves, 115 b, p. 159.

[906] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput XI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 134.

[907] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 343.

[908] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 656.

[909] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 347.

[910] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 102.

[911] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 403.

[912] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 404.

[913] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 646.

[914] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 404.

[915] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XLV, p. 326.

[916] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 702.

[917] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XLIV, p. 320.

[918] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 656.

[919] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 824.

[920] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XLIV, p. 322.

[921] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (1870) Chronique normande de Pierre Cochon (Rouen), Chronique Rouennaise, p. 325.

[922] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 822.

[923] Boudet, M. (1900) Thomas de la Marche Bâtard de France et ses aventures (1318-1361) (Riom, reprint Genève, 1978), pp. 22-44.

[924] RHGF XX, Continuatio Chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, pp. 609 and 613.

[925] Boudet, M. ‘Nouveaux documents sur Thomas de la Marche’, Le Moyen Âge (1903), pp. 284-94.

[926] Froissart, Tome I, Livre 1, 57, alternative text, p. 365.

[927] Chronique Parisienne, 234, p. 150.

[928] Chronique Parisienne, 247, p. 154.

[929] RHGF XXI, Fragmentum historicum e codice dicto Pater excerptum, p. 404.

[930] Chronique Parisienne, 204, p. 133.

[931] Viard, Tome IX (1937), IX, p. 116.

[932] Chronique Parisienne, 207, p. 134.

[933] Chronique Parisienne, 249, p. 154.

[934] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 103.

[935] Chronique Parisienne, 264, p. 163.

[936] Chronique Parisienne, 274, p. 167.

[937] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 25.

[938] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Cathédrale d´Orléans, Livre de Distributions du XVI siècle, p. 95.

[939] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XXXIII, p. 252.

[940] Obituaires de Sens Tome III, Cathédrale d´Orléans, Livre de Distributions du XVI siècle, p. 95.

[941] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 104.

[942] Chronique Parisienne, 292, p. 173.

[943] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 104.

[944] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 143.

[945] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 159.

[946] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 821.

[947] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 105.

[948] Boudet, M. (1900) Thomas de la Marche Bâtard de France et ses aventures (1318-1361) (Riom, reprint Genève, 1978).

[949] Thompson, E. M. (1889) Chronicon Galfridi Le Baker de Swynebroke (Oxford), Documents, IX, quoted in Boudet (1900), p. 10.

[950] Thompson, E. M. (1874) Chronicon Angliæ ab anno Domini 1328 usque ad annum 1338 (London), p. 29, quoted in Boudet (1900), p. 10.

[951] Kerrebrouck, P. van (1990) Les Valois, ("Kerrebrouck (1990)") p 92 footnote 52, which sets out his history in some detail.

[952] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars I, p. 54.

[953] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars I, p. 58.

[954] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, p. 112.

[955] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), pp. 341-3.

[956] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 699.

[957] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput I, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 115.

[958] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 131.

[959] Chronique Parisienne, 230, p. 150.

[960] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XLIV, p. 320.

[961] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 656.

[962] Viard, Tome IX (1937), XLIV, p. 322.

[963] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 192.

[964] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[965] Sainte-Marthe (1628), Tome I, p. 477.

[966] Chronique Parisienne, 291, p. 173.

[967] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[968] Sainte-Marthe (1628), Tome I, p. 477.

[969] Chronique Parisienne, 313, p. 181.

[970] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chronique Rouennaise, p. 340.

[971] Godefroy, D. (1653) Histoire de Charles VI Roi de France, 2nd Edn. (Paris), p. 676.

[972] Vallet de Viriville, A. (1859) Chronique de la Pucelle ou Chronique de Cousinot (Paris), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 148, p. 161.

[973] Quoted by Barrois, D. (2004) Jean I Comte d´Armagnac, son action et son monde (University of Lille), Appendice, pièce IV, available at <http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/barrois-dominique/html/these_body.html>, citing Bibliothèque nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 296-337 (consulted 22 Jun 2008).

[974] Quoted by Barrois (2004), Appendice, pièce VII, citing Bibliothèque nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 294-299.

[975] Quoted by Barrois (2004), Appendice, pièce XVII, citing Archives nationales Trésor des Chartes J 777, no. 9 and Bibliothèque nationale, n.a. fr. 7280, fol. 272-301v.

[976] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 107.

[977] Bellaguet (1839), Tome I, Liv. X, Chap. IV, p. 605.

[978] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 243.

[979] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 244.

[980] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 107.

[981] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 107.

[982] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 107.

[983] State Archives, volume 102, page 68, fascicule 1, and Guichenon, S. (1780) Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (Turin) ("Guichenon (Savoie)"), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 232.

[984] State Archives, volume 104, page 68, fascicule 2, and Guichenon (Savoie), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 232.

[985] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 108, p. 130.

[986] Saige, G. & Dienne, Comte de (eds.) (1900) Documents historiques relatifs à la vicomté de Carlat (Monaco) (“Documents Carlat”), Tome I, CLXXXVII, p. 449.

[987] Huillard-Bréholles, A. & Lecoy de la Marche, A. (1874) Titres de la maison ducale de Bourbon (Paris), Tome II, 5212, p. 225.

[988] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5372, p. 243.

[989] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Augensis, p. 450.

[990] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 304 (no citation reference).

[991] Kerrebrouck, P. van (1987) La Maison de Bourbon: 1256-1987, ("Kerrebrouck (Bourbon)"), p. 261.

[992] Guiffrey, J. (1894) Inventaires de Jean Duc de Berry (Paris), Tome I, Introduction, p. XXVIII, footnote (2) citing “KK 253, fol. 18”. I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for drawing my attention to this source in a private email 16 Feb 2015.

[993] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 110.

[994] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 4.

[995] Sweerts, F. (1620) Rerum Belgicarum Annales Chronici et Historici (Frankfurt), Tome I, Ægidii de Roya Annales Belgici, 1347, p. 61.

[996] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 172.

[997] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 3.

[998] Du Chesne, A. (1631) Histoire généalogique de la maison royale de Dreux (Paris), Bar, Preuves, p. 54.

[999] Du Chesne (1631), Bar, Preuves, p. 56.

[1000] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[1001] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[1002] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[1003] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 108.

[1004] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XIV, RIS XVI, col. 405.

[1005] Marie José (1956) La Maison de Savoie, Les Origines, Le Comte Vert, Le Comte Rouge (Paris, Albin Michel), p. 142.

[1006] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 512.

[1007] Petit, E. (1905) Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne (Paris), Vol. IX, p. 17, footnote (2), quoting ‘Arch. nat. JJ, 81, no. 297’.

[1008] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, p. 17, footnote (4), citing ‘nos Séjours de Jean II’ (no precise citation reference).

[1009] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, pp. 17-18.

[1010] Paradin, C. (1606) Alliances généalogiques des rois de France, p. 107.

[1011] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 109.

[1012] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, p. 19, footnote (4), quoting ‘Bernard Prost Invent. mobiliers des ducs de B., no. 1739’.

[1013] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome I, p. 135.

[1014] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, p. 18.

[1015] Paradin, C. (1606) Alliances généalogiques des rois de France, p. 107.

[1016] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 109.

[1017] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, p. 18, citing ‘Receuil de Peincedé, t. XXIII, p. 63’ and ‘Bibl. nat., Collect. Bourgogne, t. XXIII, fol. 47’.

[1018] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 109.

[1019] Chronique Parisienne, 291, p. 173.

[1020] Zurita, J. (1668) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXXIV, fol. 234 (first page).

[1021] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 25.

[1022] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 382.

[1023] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1722) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome II, CCLXXVII, p. 607.

[1024] López de Ayala, P. (1779) Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla (Madrid), Tome I, Crónica del rey don Pedro, Año Secundo, Cap. XV, p. 53.

[1025] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 278.

[1026] Petit (1905), Vol. IX, p. 88, footnote (2).

[1027] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 330.

[1028] Raunié, E. (1890) Epitaphier du Vieux Paris, Tome I (Paris), 210, p. 133.

[1029] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 330.

[1030] Raunié (1890), Tome I, 211, p. 134.

[1031] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 20.

[1032] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 25.

[1033] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), pp. 62, 65.

[1034] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 150.

[1035] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 110.

[1036] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 161.

[1037] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 170.

[1038] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 282.

[1039] Le Laboureur, I. (1663) Histoire de Charles VI Roy de France (Paris), p. 4.

[1040] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 277.

[1041] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 110.

[1042] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. VIII, p. 136.

[1043] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), pp. 62, 65.

[1044] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 66.

[1045] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XVII, p. 290.

[1046] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Chronique dite de la Pucelle, Chap. 1, pp. 209-111.

[1047] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Sainte-Chapelle, p. 822.

[1048] Leidinger, G. (1903) Andreas von Regensburg sämtliche Werke (Munich), (Bayerischen Quellen, Neue Folge, Band I), Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.

[1049] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XI, p. 177.

[1050] Würdtwein, S. A. (1788) Nova Subsidia Diplomatica (Heidelberg), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 309.

[1051] Vallet de Viriville, A. (1858) Chronique de Charles VII roi de France, par Jean Chartier (Paris), Tome I, Chap. 108, p. 208.

[1052] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 704.

[1053] Bellaguet (1839), Tome VI, Liv. XLIII, Chap. V, p. 487.

[1054] Vallet de Viriville, A. ‘Odette ou Odinette de Champdivers’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 20 Année, Série 4, Tome 5 (Paris, 1859), p. 171, citing ‘Bibl. impér. no. 5959, lat. fol. 181’, and pp. 174-5.

[1055] Vallet de Viriville ‘Odinette de Champdivers’ (1859), p. 176, citing ‘Direction générale des archives Table des mémoriaux de la chambre des comptes, PP 118, fol. 93.

[1056] Vallet de Viriville ‘Odinette de Champdivers’ (1859), pp. 176-9.

[1057] Bellaguet (1839), Tome I, p. 455.

[1058] Vallet de Viriville, A. ´Notes sur l’état civil des princes et princesses nés de Charles VI et d’Isabeau de Bavière’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 19 Année, Série 4, Tome 4 (Paris, 1858), p. 476, citing ‘Comptes royaux, argenterie du roi. KK, 19, fol. 106 à 118’.

[1059] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 477, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1060] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 477, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’ and ‘Comptes royaux, argenterie du roi. KK, 19, fol. 106 à 118’.

[1061] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars IV, p. 113.

[1062] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XII, p. 196.

[1063] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1866) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, Annales Monasterii de Bermundeseia (London), p. 482.

[1064] Godefroy (1653), p. 609.

[1065] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIII, p. 210.

[1066] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1067] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 477, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’ and ‘Comptes royaux, argenterie du roi. KK, 21, foil. 26 v, KK, 24, fol. 138’.

[1068] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 590.

[1069] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 125 footnote 35 mentions that in his first dispensation the Pope had omitted to mention that the parties were both minors. The second ceremony followed the receipt of a second Papal dispensation.

[1070] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, Chronicon Britanicum, col. 116.

[1071] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XII, p. 189.

[1072] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), p. 478, citing ‘Comptes royaux, argenterie du roi. KK, 22, fol. 30’.

[1073] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), p. 478, citing ‘Comptes royaux, argenterie du roi. KK, 45, fol. 74 v’.

[1074] Godefroy (1653), p. 601.

[1075] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XIV, Chap. VIII, p. 95.

[1076] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 478, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1077] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIII, p. 216.

[1078] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 479, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1079] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 479, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1080] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XV, Chap. XIV, p. 247.

[1081] Godefroy (1653), p. 602.

[1082] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chronique Rouennaise, p. 324.

[1083] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chronique Rouennaise, p. 340.

[1084] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 142, p. 157.

[1085] Godefroy (1653), p. 601.

[1086] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIII, p. 208.

[1087] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 201, p. 191.

[1088] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, Chap. 156, p. 34.

[1089] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 480, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1090] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 142, p. 158.

[1091] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 148, p. 161.

[1092] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 152, p. 163.

[1093] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 142, p. 158.

[1094] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 481, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1095] Thompson, E. M. (1904) Chronicon Adæ de Usk 1377-1421, 2ndedn (London) (“Chronicon Adæ de Usk”), p. 132.

[1096] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XVII, p. 283.

[1097] Ellis, E. (ed.) (1844) Three Books of Polydore Vergil´s English History (London), p. 62.

[1098] Nicolas, N. H. (1826) Testamenta Vetusta, Vol. II (London), p. 430.

[1099] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XXXVII (MS. Reg. 2 A. XVIII.a), p. 277.

[1100] Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1864) Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the reign of Henry VI King of England (London), Vol. II, Part II, Annales Wilhelmi Wyrcester, 1437, p. [761].

[1101] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 148, p. 161.

[1102] Bellaguet (1841), Tome III, Liv. XXVIII, Chap. XXX, p. 731.

[1103] Bellaguet (1839), Tome VI, Liv. XLIII, Chap. V, p. 487.

[1104] Vallet de Viriville ‘Odinette de Champdivers’ (1859), p. 180.

[1105] Vallet de Viriville ‘Odinette de Champdivers’ (1859), p. 176, citing ‘Direction générale des archives Table des mémoriaux de la chambre des comptes, PP 118, fol. 93.

[1106] Vallet de Viriville ‘Odinette de Champdivers’ (1859), p. 176, citing ‘Direction générale des archives Table des mémoriaux de la chambre des comptes, PP 118, fol. 118.

[1107] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 115.

[1108] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1109] Vallet de Viriville ´Princes et princesses nés de Charles VI’ (1858), pp. 475, 481, citing ‘Edit. du Louvre, 1653, In-fol. p. 731’.

[1110] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 148, p. 161.

[1111] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 152, p. 163.

[1112] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 2, pp. 29-30.

[1113] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 48, p. 96.

[1114] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome III, Chap. 287, p. 113.

[1115] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 148, p. 161.

[1116] Charlier, P. ‘Qui a tué la Dame de Beauté?’, Histoire des sciences médicales, Tome XL, no. 3 (2006), pp. 255, 263, consulted at <https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx2006x040x003/HSMx2006x040x003x0255.pdf> (8 May 2021). I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for sending this link by email 18 Apr 2021.

[1117] Delort, J. (1824) Essai critique sur l’histoire de Charles VII, d’Agnès Sorelle et de Jeanne d’Arc (Paris), p. 4.

[1118] Vallet de Viriville, A. ‘Recherches historiques sur Agnès Sorel (Premier article)’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, Tome XI (1850), p. 321, footnote 1.

[1119] Beaucourt, G. du Fresne de ‘Charles VII et Agnès Sorel’, Revue des Questions Historiques, Tome I (1866), p. 217.

[1120] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 119.

[1121] Delort (1824), p. 4.

[1122] Delort (1824), pp. 30-5.

[1123] Beaucourt ‘Charles VII et Agnès Sorel’ (1866), pp. 204-10.

[1124] Les Mémoires de messire Olivier sr. de la Marche, 4th Edn. (Louvain, 1645), Livre I, Chap. XIII, p. 238.

[1125] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Premier article)’ (1850), p. 304, quoting ‘Ms. Bibl. nat., suppl. fr., 2340, fol. 697’.

[1126] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, Chap. 213, pp. 181-6.

[1127] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Premier article)’ (1850), p. 305.

[1128] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Premier article)’ (1850), Pièces justificatives, 3, p. 325, .

[1129] Charlier ‘Qui a tué la Dame de Beauté?’ (2006), pp. 256-62.

[1130] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Premier article)’ (1850), p. 306.

[1131] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, p. 213, footnote 1, citing ‘Trésor des Chartes, JJ., 180, fo. 58, v’.

[1132] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, Chap. 238, p. 249.

[1133] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Chronique dite de la Pucelle, Chap. 6, p. 220.

[1134] Fresne de Beaucourt, G. du (1882) Histoire de Charles VII (Paris), Tome II, p. 187.

[1135] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 138 footnote 26, citing “KK 56, fo. 100”.

[1136] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 117.

[1137] Fresne de Beaucourt (1882), Tome II, p. 187, quoting “Lettres de taxation du 29 août 1428. Pièces originales, 445: Bouju”.

[1138] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118, citing “[le] Code Diplomatique, page 349” [source not yet identified].

[1139] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 122, p. 230.

[1140] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118, citing “[le] Code Diplomatique, page 349” [source not yet identified].

[1141] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1142] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, Chap. 145, p. 9.

[1143] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1144] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 117.

[1145] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1146] State Archives, volume 102, page 92, fascicule 1.

[1147] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1148] Histoire de Louys unziesme Roy de France, autrement dicte la Chronique scandaleuse (1611) (“Chronique scandaleuse (1611)”), p. 342.

[1149] Kerrebrouck (Bourbon), p. 75 footnote 6, where he cites a marginal note in a contemporary notarial contract published in 'Notes extraites d'un protocole de notaire conserve aux archives de Châteaumorand' Archives historiques du Bourbonnais, tome II (Moulins, 1891), pp. 289-92. .

[1150] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 116, p. 219.

[1151] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 121, p. 229.

[1152] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1153] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1154] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1155] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1156] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1157] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 117.

[1158] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 223.

[1159] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1160] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1161] Drouault, R. ‘Recherches sur le couvent et le bourg de Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière’, Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique du Périgord, Tome XXVI (Périgueux, 1899), p. 308. I am grateful to Patrick van Kerrebrouck for his discovery of this source, notified to me by Thierry Le Hête by emails 19 Apr and 25 Apr 2021.

[1162] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1163] Drouault ‘Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière’ (1899), p. 303, citation p. 297, footnote 7.

[1164] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 118.

[1165] Beaucourt ‘Charles VII et Agnès Sorel’ (1866), pp. 218-9.

[1166] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Deuxième article)’ (1850), p. 481.

[1167] Delort (1824), p. 57.

[1168] Vallet de Viriville ‘Agnès Sorel (Deuxième article)’ (1850), p. 480.

[1169] Delort (1824), p. 35.

[1170] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 119.

[1171] Delort (1824), p. 36, footnote (1), quoting ‘Un Mémorial de la Chambre des Comptes, cot. M, p. 129’.

[1172] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 329 (marked 331).

[1173] Douët d’Arcq, L. ‘Procès criminel intenté contre Jacques de Brézé grand sénéchal de Normandie au sujet du meurtre de sa femme’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 2e série, Tome V (1848-49), pp. 211-39.

[1174] Kerrebrouck (1990), p 144 footnote 68.

[1175] Delort (1824), p. 94.

[1176] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 119.

[1177] Delort (1824), Pièces inédits et justificatives, VI, p. 195.

[1178] Delort (1824), p. 123.

[1179] Charlier ‘Qui a tué la Dame de Beauté?’ (2006), pp. 261-2.

[1180] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Chronique dite de la Pucelle, Chap. 6, p. 220.

[1181] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), pp. 2, 436-7.

[1182] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 122, p. 229.

[1183] Delort (1824), Pièces inédits et justificatives, XI, p. 230.

[1184] State Archives, volume 102, page 101.2, fascicule 4.

[1185] Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, by email dated 12 Jun 2021.

[1186] Pilot de Thoray, E. (1899) Catalogue des actes du dauphin Louis II, devenu le roi de France Louis XI (Grenoble), Tome I, p. 360, footnote 3, continued p. 361, citing Chevalier, U. Cartulaire de la ville de Die, p. 163 [not consulted].

[1187] Gallier, A. de ‘Phélise Regnard’, Bulletin de la Société départementale d’archéologie et de statistique de la Drôme, Tome 7 (Valence, 1873), pp. 48-9.

[1188] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 548, 782, pp. 194, 285.

[1189] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 943, p. 360, and footnote 3, continued p. 361.

[1190] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 1200, p. 482.

[1191] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, p. 360, footnote 3, continued p. 361 (no source cited).

[1192] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, 1543, p. 161.

[1193] Mandrot, B. de (ed.) (1896) Journal de Jean de Roye, connu sous le nom de Chronique scandaleuse (1460-1483) (Paris), Tome 2, p. 198, footnote 2, Gallier ‘Phélise Regnard’ (1873), pp. 50-1, and Catalogue analytique des archives de M. le baron de Joursanvault, contenant une précieuse collection de manuscrits, chartes et documents originaux, Tome 2 (Paris, 1838), 2375, p. 44.

[1194] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, p. 360, footnote 3, continued p. 361, citing Titres du Chapitre de l’église cathédrale de Grenoble, 528, [Archives de l’Isère, série G].

[1195] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122, citing “Recette generale du Dauphiné”.

[1196] Brizard (1779) Beaumont, en Dauphiné, Tome I, p. 522.

[1197] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, Introduction, p. XVII, p. 362, footnote 3 continued from p. 360, p. 414, footnote 3, and page 458, footnote 5 continued from p. 457.

[1198] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 1149, p. 457, and Tome II, 1761 bis, p. 298.

[1199] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122, citing “Recette generale du Dauphiné”.

[1200] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, 1761 bis, p. 298.

[1201] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, p. 457, footnote 5.

[1202] Brizard, G. (1779) Histoire généalogique de la maison de Beaumont, en Dauphiné (Paris), Tome I, p. 517, and Tome II, p. 346.

[1203] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1204] Chorier, N. (1672) Histoire générale de Dauphiné (Grenoble), Tome II, pp. 461-2, 472.

[1205] Brizard (1779) Beaumont, en Dauphiné, Tome I, pp. 517-23.

[1206] Brizard (1779) Beaumont, en Dauphiné, Tome I, Introduction, pp. 3-4.

[1207] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, p. 361, footnote 3, continued from p. 360.

[1208] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp, 146, 151 footnote 27.

[1209] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122.

[1210] Delort (1824), Pièces inédits et justificatives, XIV, p. 250.

[1211] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 146.

[1212] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122.

[1213] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122.

[1214] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 147.

[1215] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 221.

[1216] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 254.

[1217] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp, 147, 155 footnote 47, citing Kendall, P. M. (1971) Louis XI: The Universal Spider (New York), p. 220 [not yet consulted].

[1218] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122.

[1219] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 199.

[1220] In right of the bequest of René Duc d'Anjou to his father.

[1221] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), pp. 428, 434.

[1222] Michaud, J. F. & Poujoulat, J. J. F. (1838) Nouvelle collection des Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire de France (Paris), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1223] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 88.

[1224] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 125.

[1225] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 163 footnote 24, citing “Arch. nat. KK 229, compte du Dauphin pour le dernier trimestre 1495”.

[1226] Desjardins, A. (1859) Négociations diplomatiques de la France avec la Toscane (Paris), Tome I, p. 245.

[1227] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 163 footnote 25, citing Balby de Vernon, Comte de (1873) Recherches historiques faites dans l’église de Cléry (Loiret) (Orléans), pp. 312-5 [not yet consulted].

[1228] Fulin, R. (1883) La Spedizione di Carlo VIII in Italia raccontata da Marino Sanuto (Venezia), p. 250.

[1229] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 125.

[1230] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 125.

[1231] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 125.

[1232] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 157.

[1233] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 164 footnote 29, citing “Sanudo Diarii, Tome I, p. 733” [unclear which edition indicated].

[1234] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 122.

[1235] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 147.

[1236] Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, by email dated 12 Jun 2021.

[1237] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1238] Brizard (1779) Beaumont, en Dauphiné, Tome I, p. 522, citing Blanchard (1715) Compilation Chronologique des Ordonnances des Rois, Tome I, col. 301, and “le VI^e Registre des Chartes depuis 1448 jusqu’en septembre 1467, fol. 180”.

[1239] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1240] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 108.

[1241] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, 1437, 1438, pp. 88-9, and Dechamps, C. ‘Un couple de bibliophiles dans le milieu royal : Louis bâtard de Bourbon, et son épouse, Jeanne, bâtarde de France’, Revue du Nord, no. 31, hors-série collection “Histoire” : Bousmar, E. (2015) La bâtardise et l’exercice du pouvoir en Europe du XIIIe au début du XIVe siècle (Villeneuve d’Ascq), p. 270 and note 15, citing BnF, ms. fr. 20422, fol. 4r.

[1242] Dechamps ‘Un couple de bibliophiles’ (2015), p. 271 and note 15, citing Valognes, Bibl. mun., ms. 46, fol. 95r.

[1243] Beauchet-Filleau, H. & Chergé, C. de (1895) Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des familles du Poitou, 2nd edn. (Poitou), Vol. II, p. 767.

[1244] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 7085, p. 429, citing Arch. nat., P. 1376¹, cote 2649, also cited by Dechamps ‘Un couple de bibliophiles’ (2015), p. 279 and note 29, and Fouchier, E. de ‘La baronnie de Mirebeau, du XIe au XVIIe siècle. Etude féodale’, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l’Ouest, 2^e série, Tome I, Année 1877 (Poitiers, 1878), pp. 93-8.

[1245] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, p. 90, footnote 1.

[1246] Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, LVII (Paris, 1896), ‘Chartes données à la Bibl. nat. par M. H.-A. Meyer’, p. 713.

[1247] Godefroy, T. & D. (1649) Le Ceremonial françois (Paris), Tome 2, p. 139.

[1248] Fouilhoux, J. B. ‘Fiefs et châteaux-forts relevant de la comté d’Auvergne (capitale Vic-le-Comte)’, Mémoires de l’Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Clermont-Ferrand, 2e série, fasc. 27 (Clermont-Ferrand, 1926), pp. 148-9.

[1249] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, p. 90, footnote 1.

[1250] Gerville, M. de ‘Mémoire sur les anciens châteaux du département de la Manche’, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie, Année 1824, première partie (Caen, 1825), p. 351.

[1251] Fagart, M. ‘L’amiral de Bourbon et Valognes au Xve siècle’, and Benoist, A. ‘Les Cordeliers de Valognes 1477-1790’, both in Mémoires de la Société archéologique, artistique, littéraire et scientifique de l’arrondissement de Valognes, Tome 4, 1885-1886 (Valognes, 1887), pp. 12-15, 41 respectively.

[1252] La Trémoille, Louis duc de (1892) Les La Trémoille pendant cinq siècles, Tome 2 (Nantes), Pièces justificatives, I, p. 169.

[1253] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, p. 88, footnote 2, citing Primas liber redact. ad manus regis dalph. fo. 391.

[1254] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1255] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1256] Chorier (1672), Tome II, pp. 461-2, 472.

[1257] Brizard (1779) Beaumont, en Dauphiné, Tome I, p. 522.

[1258] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, Introduction, p. XVII, p. 123, footnote 1, and p. 361, footnote 3 continued from p. 360.

[1259] Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, by email 15 Jun 2021.

[1260] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, 1486, p. 122.

[1261] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 1488, p. 125, citing Godefroy (1723) Mémoires de Philippe de Comines, segneur d’Argenton (Brussels), Tome III, p. 243.

[1262] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, 1502, p. 134, and footnote 1.

[1263] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome I, p. 123, footnote 1, and Vaesen, J. & Charavay, E. (eds.) (1890) Lettres de Louis XI, Tome IV (Paris), CCCCXLI, pp. 6-7.

[1264] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, 1829, p. 337.

[1265] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, p. 337, footnote 2.

[1266] Pilot de Thorey (1899), Tome II, p. 337, footnote 2.

[1267] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 123.

[1268] Vaesen, J. & Charavay, E. (eds.) (1895) Lettres de Louis XI, Tome V (Paris), CCCCXLI, p. 227, footnote 1, continued on p. 228.

[1269] Delachenal, Tome II (1916), p. 161.

[1270] Godefroy (1653), p. 631.

[1271] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIV, pp. 220-2.

[1272] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XI, p. 178.

[1273] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 548.

[1274] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XII, p. 186.

[1275] Osio, L. (ed.) (1864) Documenti Diplomatici tratti dagli archivii Milanesi (Milan) ("Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi"), Vol. I, CCXXIII, p. 318.

[1276] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1277] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207, and Tome VI, p. 639.

[1278] Barante, M. de (1824) Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois (Paris), Tome III, p. 88.

[1279] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1280] Bellaguet (1839), Tome I, Liv. XII, Chap. I, p. 703.

[1281] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 206.

[1282] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XIV, Chap. VIII, p. 95.

[1283] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 206.

[1284] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XV, Chap. XIII, p. 247.

[1285] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XVII, Chap. VIII, p. 443.

[1286] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1287] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1288] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1289] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1290] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 241 footnote 45, citing “Jarry 1889, p. 251”.

[1291] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1292] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 207.

[1293] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 190, p. 184.

[1294] Du Chesne, A. (1621) Histoire de la Maison de Chastillon-sur-Marne (Paris) (“Du Chesne (1621) Châtillon”), Preuves, p. 140.

[1295] Delort (1824), Pièces inédits et justificatives, IV, p. 82.

[1296] Bellaguet (1840), Tome II, Liv. XV, Chap. XIII, p. 247.

[1297] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1298] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 139, p. 260.

[1299] Godefroy (1653), p. 609.

[1300] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIII, p. 210.

[1301] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1302] When she wrote her will.

[1303] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5372, p. 243.

[1304] Dithmar, J. C. (1721) Wernheri Teschenmacheri ab Elverfeldt Annales Cliviæ, Juliæ, Montium, Marcæ, Westphalicæ, Ravensbergæ, Geldriæ et Zutphaniæ (Frankfurt, Leipzig), p. 289.

[1305] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 139, p. 260.

[1306] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 246 footnote 27.

[1307] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 205, p. 194.

[1308] Moranville, H. (1902) Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny (Paris), p. 22.

[1309] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 247 footnote 30, citing “Arch. nat. K 536, no. 1”.

[1310] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 373.

[1311] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1312] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 208.

[1313] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1314] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1315] Conditional on the annulment of her third husband's first marriage.

[1316] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1317] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 88.

[1318] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1319] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1320] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1321] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1322] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1323] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 128.

[1324] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1325] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 167, 174 footnote 37 (no citation reference).

[1326] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 88.

[1327] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 128.

[1328] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 167, 175 footnote 44 (no citation reference).

[1329] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1330] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 129.

[1331] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XV, p. 244.

[1332] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 1254.

[1333] Bord, P. (2019) Jean Bâtard d’Orléans (1402-1468) : étude d’un bâtard princier dans le royaume de France au XV siècle (Thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle . Lille III), available at <https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02509038/document> (10 May 2021), pp. 209-10, citing Nantes, Espace Patrimoine Médiathèque Jacques Demy, Carton Bizeul, ms. 1687, pièces nos. 64, 66. I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for highlighting this thesis by email 28 Apr 2021.

[1334] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 1511.

[1335] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 209.

[1336] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1337] Marolles (1873), col. 6.

[1338] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1339] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 211.

[1340] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 256 footnote 19.

[1341] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 211.

[1342] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1343] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1344] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 255 footnote 13.

[1345] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1346] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 211.

[1347] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 211.

[1348] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1349] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 210.

[1350] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 210.

[1351] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1352] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1353] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1354] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1355] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 132, citing “Brantome Vies des Dames galantes, Tome I, p. 172”.

[1356] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 188 footnote 57, citing Sauzé de Lhoumeau, G. ‘Un fils naturel de François Ier, Louis de Saint-Gelais, baron de la Mothe-Saint-Héray’, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l’Ouest, Tome 16 (Poitiers, 1940), pp. 1-175 [not consulted].

[1357] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 89.

[1358] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 90.

[1359] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 90.

[1360] Although referred to as Duc François III, this ignores his father who was created Duke in 1514. He should have been Duc François IV.

[1361] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 90.

[1362] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 92.

[1363] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 92.

[1364] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 132, citing “Brantome Vies des Dames galantes, Tome I, p. 172”.

[1365] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 180.

[1366] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 188 footnote 57, citing Constant, G. (1922) La légation du cardinal Morone près l’Empereur et le concile de Trente (Paris), no page reference, and Romier, L. (1913) Les origines politiques des guerres de religion (Paris), Tome I, p. 323 [neither work consulted].

[1367] Père Anselme, Tome IX, p. 66.

[1368] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 90.

[1369] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136.

[1370] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 206 footnote 65.

[1371] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 206 footnote 65.

[1372] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136, citing “Brantome Hist. des Dames, [no page reference]”.

[1373] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136.

[1374] Weiss, C. (ed.) (1849) Papiers d’Etat du Cardinal de Granvelle (Paris), Tome VII, CLVI, p. 669.

[1375] Weiss (1851), Tome VIII, CVI, p. 384.

[1376] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 481.

[1377] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136, citing “Memoires de Castelnau, tom. 2, p. 657”.

[1378] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 218 footnote 15.

[1379] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 139.

[1380] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 217.

[1381] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 473-80.

[1382] Revived as duchy and pairie at Moulins 8 Feb 1566 (registered 21 Mar).

[1383] When her title of queen was also confirmed.

[1384] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136.

[1385] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136.

[1386] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 206 footnote 65.

[1387] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136 and Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 193-4.

[1388] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 194.

[1389] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136, citing “Brantome Hist. des Dames, [no page reference]”.

[1390] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136 and Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 194.

[1391] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 136.

[1392] Weiss (1849), Tome VII, CLVI, p. 669.

[1393] Weiss (1851), Tome VIII, CVI, p. 384.

[1394] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 481.

[1395] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 483.

[1396] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 483-99.

[1397] Père Anselme, Tome I, pp. 269-77.

[1398] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 411-28.

[1399] Marmoutier-Perche, 54, p. 72.

[1400] Moranville (1902), p. 6.

[1401] Fine (1994), p. 258.

[1402] Hopf, C. (1873) Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues (Berlin), Marino Sanudo Torsello Historia del Regno di Romania, II, p. 117.

[1403] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Hôpital de Joigny, p. 989.

[1404] López de Ayala (1780), Tome II, Crónica del rey Enrique II, Año Octavo, Cap. X, p. 49.

[1405] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Celestins de Paris, p. 709.

[1406] Moranville (1902), p. 5.

[1407] Moranville (1902), p. 6.

[1408] Moranville (1902), pp. 5, 7.

[1409] Moranville (1902), p. 9.

[1410] Moranville (1902), p. 5.

[1411] Moranville (1902), p. 11.

[1412] Mauger, F. (2017) Le dernier apanage: Gouvernement et administration des comtés d’Alençon et du Perche (1230-1525), thèse de doctorat, Vol. II, p. 450, note 39, citing “BnF, fr. 18 957, fo. 424-446”. I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for providing details from this thesis in an email dated 3 Jun 2018.

[1413] Moranville (1902), p. 13.

[1414] Moranville (1902), p. 10.

[1415] Moranville (1902), p. 20.

[1416] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1417] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1418] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 18-19.

[1419] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 19.

[1420] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1421] La Roque, G. A. de (1662) Histoire généalogique de la maison de Harcourt (Paris), Tome III, p. 268.

[1422] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1423] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 14.

[1424] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1425] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1426] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 19.

[1427] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 450, note 39, citing “BnF, fr. 18 957, fo. 424-446”.

[1428] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1429] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 451, note 45, citing “AN, J 779, no. 5”.

[1430] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 701.

[1431] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1432] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 19.

[1433] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 439, note 26, citing “BnF, Clair. 834, pp. 1453-4”.

[1434] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 15.

[1435] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1436] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 272.

[1437] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 453.

[1438] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 8, p. 35.

[1439] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 12, p. 43.

[1440] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 272.

[1441] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 454, note 86, citing “Bnf Clair. 631, p. 497”.

[1442] Moranville (1902), p. 5.

[1443] Marmoutier-Perche, 57, p. 74.

[1444] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 83.

[1445] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 680.

[1446] Testaments enregistrés au Parlement de Paris sous le règne de Charles VI, available at <http://corpus.enc.sorbonne.fr/testaments/testament_094> (9 Apr 2016).

[1447] Moranville (1902), p. 13.

[1448] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 680.

[1449] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 270.

[1450] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 15.

[1451] Ægidii de Roya Annales Belgici (1620), 1415, p. 72.

[1452] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XVII, p. 275.

[1453] Moranville (1902), p. 18.

[1454] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 664.

[1455] Morice (1744) Preuves, Tome II, col. 667.

[1456] Moranville (1902), p. 20.

[1457] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 87, p. 159.

[1458] Moranville (1902), pp. 20, 28.

[1459] Moranville (1902), pp. 20, 29.

[1460] Moranville (1902), pp. 20, 29-30.

[1461] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 272.

[1462] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 455, note 91, citing “AD Orne G921. no. 3”.

[1463] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 272.

[1464] Moranville (1902), p. 20.

[1465] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome I, Chap. 87, p. 159.

[1466] Moranville (1902), pp. 22, 134, 136-7.

[1467] Chronique scandaleuse (1611), p. 268.

[1468] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Fragments de la Geste des Nobles François, Chap. 205, p. 194.

[1469] Moranville (1902), p. 22.

[1470] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 424.

[1471] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome III, Chap. 285, p. 95.

[1472] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 440, note 29.

[1473] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1474] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1475] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 430.

[1476] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat. Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]

[1477] Michaud & Poujoulat (1838), Tome V, Journal de Louise de Savoye, p. 87.

[1478] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 275.

[1479] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 275.

[1480] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 275.

[1481] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 275, citing “Titres de Prulay et d’Ardenay”.

[1482] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 275.

[1483] Père Anselme, Tome I, pp. 273-4.

[1484] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 274.

[1485] Mauger (2017), Vol. II, p. 455, note 89.

[1486] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 274.

[1487] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 274.

[1488] Kerrebrouck (1990).

[1489] Delort (1824), Pièces inédits et justificatives, IV, p. 82.

[1490] Vallet de Viriville (1858), Tome II, Chap. 241, p. 259.

[1491] Jarry, L. (1890) Jean bâtard d’Orléans - Testaments, inventaire et compte des obsèques (Orléans), p. 39.

[1492] Jarry (1890), p. 47.

[1493] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 214.

[1494] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 137.

[1495] Jarry (1890), p. 39.

[1496] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 138.

[1497] State Archives, volume 102, page 108, fascicule 1.

[1498] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 216 (no citation reference for the document).

[1499] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 216 (no citation reference for the document).

[1500] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 216 (no citation reference for the document).

[1501] Jarry (1890), p. 39.

[1502] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 214 (no citation reference either for the testament or the court judgment).

[1503] Jarry (1890), p. 39.

[1504] Jarry (1890), p. 39.

[1505] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 214 (no citation references for the documents).

[1506] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 216 (no citation reference for the document).

[1507] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 435, footnote 6)

[1508] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 435, footnote 5) continued from p. 434.

[1509] Minutes de notaires de Châteaudun. Extraits des minutes de Louis Merlet 1369-1615, Comté de Dunois, consulted at <https://www.perche-gouet.net/histoire/pdf/28088-01/Chateaudun%20-%20inventaire%20sommaire%20notaires.pdf> (9 May 2021), E. 2984, p. 64/123. I am grateful to Thierry Le Hête for sending this information by email 25 Apr 2021.

[1510] Lainé, L. (1843) Archives généalogiques et historiques de la noblesse de France, Tome 8 (Paris), De Brisay, p. 21.

[1511] Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. II, consulted at <http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brisay_de_denonville_jacques_rene_de_2E.html> (9 May 2021).

[1512] Chaix d’Est-Ange (1908) Dictionnaire des familles françaises anciennes ou notables à la fin du XIXe siècle, Tome 7, Bré-Bur (Evreux), Brisay, p. 128 [no sources cited].

[1513] Comité des Fêtes et des Loisirs de Denonville, Histoire, consulted at <https://cfl-denonville.blog4ever.com/histoire> (8 May 2021).

[1514] Kerrebrouck (1990), pp. 463-71, extinct in the male line 1764.

[1515] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 461.

[1516] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 105-17.

[1517] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 331.

[1518] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 330.

[1519] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 330, citing “Cabinet de M. Clarambault, vol. 339”.

[1520] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 331.

[1521] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 330, citing “Cabinet de M. Clarambault, vol. 339”.

[1522] Kerrebrouck (Bourbon), pp. 619-68

[1523] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 330, citing “MSS. de Brienne, vol. 148, fol. 32”.

[1524] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 331.

[1525] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 237-301.

[1526] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 613-18.

[1527] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 670-6.

[1528] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 529-48.

[1529] Kerrebrouck (1987), pp. 619-67.