This document sets out the families of the English earldoms which were created during the period between the Norman conquest and 1122, in approximate chronological order of their first creation. Two companion documents show the families of earls whose earldoms were created between 1138 and 1143, and between 1207 and 1466.

William I King of England granted extensive estates to Norman barons as a reward for their part in the conquest of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. The complexity of this task implies the rapid implementation of a sophisticated bureaucracy. The resulting network of local feudal lordships not only enabled the king to assert rapid control over every part of the country but also created a network of local power bases for these influential immigrants. The grants were personal from the king and were therefore also revocable at the king's will. There are numerous examples of changes in local control which followed forfeiture imposed as punishment for various transgressions.

In many cases, the same individual lord was granted numerous different lordships. An extreme example is provided by King William's grants of more than 500 different manors to his half-brother Odo Bishop of Bayeux. The process therefore also enabled the grantees to reward their own retainers with sub-grants of land, which led to a second wave of Norman immigrants who had not taken part in the conquest but who were subsequently rewarded for their loyalty during the absence of their masters at war in England.

The grants to the same individual frequently included property in many different parts of the country. There were exceptional cases: for example, most of the grants to Bishop Odo were in Kent. Over time, the territorial allocation became ever more disjointed as holdings were transferred between families either by sale, inheritance or marriage portion. It is not known whether the piecemeal attribution of land was a conscious policy on the part of the monarch to reduce the risk of local power-bases emerging which could challenge his central royal authority. Whether or not the intention, it was certainly the result as the English earls were never able to concentrate their power in centralised counties in the same way as, for example, their French or German counterparts.

Another result of the decentralised nature of land grants was the slow emergence of territorial epithets attached to titles. The more powerful grantees of land held the title earl [comes]. No documents have survived which indicate that the title was attributed by specific royal grant. Although they acquired considerable power in the counties in which their main estates lay, during the immediate post-conquest period contemporary records rarely show titles such as "Earl of [county]", the territorial qualification being gradually applied over time. As late as 1161, Hawise, widow of William de Roumare Earl of Lincoln, described herself as "Hadewysia comitissa de Rumara"[1], and her son William Earl of Lincoln styled himself "Earl William de Romara" during the reign of Richard I[2]. One contrasting example of an early territorial epithet is provided by Roger de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury who, as "Rogerus comes Salosberiensis", witnessed a charter of King William I granting the barony of Plessis to the church of Bayeux dated 24 Dec 1074[3], although it is possible that the earldom of Shrewsbury was a special case because of the particular need for territorial control to protect against raids from the neighbouring Welsh. The earldom of Lincoln even provides an example of a double creation, as King Stephen created William de Roumare Earl of Lincoln in [1141], but also created Gilbert de Gand Earl of Lincoln in [1147/48]. The inevitable conclusion is that the territorial epithet was not considered exclusive at the time. Reference to these early earls as "Earl in [county]" rather than "Earl of [county]" may therefore more accurately reflect contemporary reality. This is not unlike the situation in Germany, where titles were rarely linked to a particular territory before the early 12th century.

By the 1140s there are signs that titles were becoming more closely linked to the counties. Under a charter dated [1142], Empress Matilda conceded that Aubrey de Vere should be "Earl of Cambridgeshire…unless that county were held by the King of the Scots, [or in the latter case] one of Earl of Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire or Dorsetshire"[4]. This example also demonstrates that availability played a large part in the attribution of a county to a new title. Aubrey de Vere held land in Essex (where 14 estates had been granted to his grandfather by King William I[5]), Suffolk (9 estates) and Cambridgeshire (7 estates), but only the last named county was available for an earldom in the early 1140s. King Stephen had already granted the earldom of Essex to Geoffrey de Mandeville by charter at Westminster in [Jun/Dec] 1140, confirmed by another grant by Empress Matilda in [Jun] 1141 after Geoffroy abandoned the king following the battle of Lincoln in Feb 1141[6]. Suffolk may also have been unavailable as it was already closely associated with the earldom of Norfolk, conceded by King Stephen to Hugh Bigod in [Dec 1140/Jan 1141]. As it turned out, Aubrey became Earl of Oxford, not one of the counties where he held significant amounts of land.

Few earldoms were created during the post-conquest period. However, the earls represented only a small proportion of the English nobility. The vast majority of English nobles were the numerous local feudal lords who held no formal title but whose nobility was not in doubt. This had two results. Firstly, it meant that the pool of noble marriage partners available for the earls and their immediate families was considerably extended outside their own limited family groups. The resulting exogamous pattern of marriages was reflected in the marriage policies of the English royal family which, in addition to European dynastic marriages, did not hesitate to marry into English families of the lesser nobility. Secondly, it provided opportunity for advancement to many other families besides those of the principle earls. Even if they never made the transition to earldom, many such families enjoyed great influence, as shown by frequent marriages with the first-tier nobility. A notable example is provided by the Tosny family (see the document NORMANDY NOBILITY).

The first post-conquest earldoms were Chester, Hereford, Huntingdon (with Northampton), Kent, Norfolk and Shrewsbury (Shropshire). King William II created the earldoms of Surrey and Warwick, and maybe Buckingham, although the supposed titleholder of the last named is more frequently described in contemporary sources as "Walterus comes .. cognomina Giffardus"[7]. King Henry I created the earldoms of Leicester and Gloucester, the latter for his illegitimate son Robert.

Chapter 1. CHESTER

William I King of England granted the city of Chester and large areas surrounding it to Gerbod, dated to before 1071. After Gerbod returned to Flanders, the king must have considered this grant forfeited or otherwise ineffective, as he granted the city and county of Chester to Hugues d'Avranches in 1071. Cheshire is described as a "County Palatine" but it is unclear what practical difference this made to its constitution or administration. On the death of Ranulf "de Blundeville" Earl of Chester in 1232, King Henry III appointed John "le Scot", son of David of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon, as Earl of Chester. After his death in 1237, the earldom remained vacant until King Henry created his son Edward (later King Edward I) Earl of Chester in 1254. The earldom was held briefly by Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester in 1265, but after his death at the battle of Evesham 4 Aug 1265 King Henry III annexed the earldom of Chester to the crown. Since then, the title Earl of Chester has been one of the titles granted to the eldest son of the monarch until the present time.

A. EARL of CHESTER 1070-1071

Three siblings, parents not known. As noted below, one charter suggests that Gundred’s mother was Mathilde de Flandre, wife of William I King of England, by an earlier husband who is not otherwise recorded, but this information is dubious as discussed further below. Their possible family connection to the Avoués de Saint-Bertin is also discussed below:

1. GERBOD (-after 22 Feb 1071). Earl of Chester: Orderic Vitalis records that King William had “iamdudum” granted “Cestram et comitatum eius” to “Gherbodo Flandrensi”, who was harried ceaselessly “ab Anglis quam a Guallis”, who was granted permission by the king to return to Flanders but was captured and imprisoned, dated to 1071[8]. The Complete Peerage states that he returned to Flanders where he fought and was captured at the battle of Cassel 22 Feb 1071 “and kept captive for a long period, never coming back to England” (no primary source cited)[9]. same person as...? GERBOD [II] (-[after 6 Jan 1056]). Avoué de Saint-Bertin. The Complete Peerage says that Gerbod Earl of Chester was “avoué of the abbey of St Bertin” without stating the primary source on which this information is based[10]. If correct, the chronology suggests that he was Gerbod [II]. However, this co-identity is not ideal considering that Gundred, sister of Gerbod Earl of Chester, married in 1070, which suggests that her brother was a relatively young man when appointed earl by the English king. Another possibility is that the sources, quoted below, in which Gerbod [II] is named in fact refer to two different avoués named Gerbod, and that the earl of Chester was the same person who was named only in 1056. "…Gerbodonis advocati, Ernulfi advocati…" signed the charter dated 1026 under which "Balduinus Taruannensis ecclesia episcopus" exchanged property with the abbot of Saint-Bertin[11]. ["…Gerbodonis advocati" signed the charter dated 6 Jan 1042 under which Baudouin V Count of Flanders settled the entitlements of the avoués of Saint-Bertin in the seigneurie of Arques[12]. "Dominum Bovonem abbatem et advocatem huius loci Gerbodonem" settled a dispute relating to "villa sancti Bertini Arkas" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1056[13]. Baudouin V Count of Flanders confirmed privileges relating to "villa sanct Bertini Arkas", settling a dispute between "abbatis Bovonis et Gerbodonis advocati", by charter dated 6 Jan 1056[14].]

2. GUNDRED (-Castle Acre, Norfolk 27 May 1085, bur Lewes Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "Sutregiam" to "Guillelmo de Guarenna" who had married "Gundredam sororem Gherbodi"[15]. "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes [et] Gundrada uxor mea" founded Lewes Priory as a cell of Cluny by charter dated 1080[16]. This charter also names "domine mee Matildis regine, matris uxoris mee", specifying that the Queen gave "mansionem quoque Carlentonam nomine" to Gundred. It is presumably on this basis that some secondary works claim, it appears incorrectly, that Gundred was the daughter of William I King of England. Weir asserts that the charter in question "has been proved spurious"[17], although it is not certain what other elements in the text indicate that this is likely to be the case. Assuming the charter is genuine, it is presumably possible that "matris" was intended in the context to indicate a quasi-maternal relationship, such as foster-mother or godmother. The same relationship is referred to in the charter dated to [1080/86] under which William I King of England donated property in Norfolk to Lewes priory, for the souls of “…Gulielmi de Warenna et uxoris suæ Gundfredæ filiæ meæ”[18]. Gundred died in childbirth. The necrology of Longpont records the death “VII Kal Jun” of “Gondreda comitissa”[19]. m (1070) as his first wife, WILLIAM [I] de Warenne, son of RAOUL de Warenne & his [first wife Beatrix ---] (-Lewes 24 Jun 1088, bur Lewes Priory). He was created Earl of Surrey in [late Apr] 1088.

3. FREDERIC (-[after 1086]). Domesday Book records that “William” held land in Trumpington village, Cambridgeshire, in the land of “William de Warenne”, adding that “Toki” held it from the bishop of Ely in the time of King Edward and that “afterwards Frederick William’s brother had this land”[20]. The implication of the passage is that “William” was “William de Warenne”, and that “Frederick” was therefore his brother. It is assumed that “brother” was used in a broad sense and that Frederic was William’s brother-in-law. Domesday Book records the lands of William de Warenne in Norfolk, including in Greenhoe Hundred “Acre...this is of the fief of Frederick”[21].

B. EARLS of CHESTER 1071-1120 (AVRANCHES)

HUGUES d'Avranches "Lupus", son of RICHARD "le Goz" Vicomte d'Avranches & his wife --- ([1047]-St Werburg's Abbey, Chester 27 Jul 1101[22]). A manuscript relating to St Werburgh’s Chester records that “Hugo Lupus filius ducis Britanniæ et nepos Gulielmi magni ex sorore” transformed the foundation into a monastery[23]. This suggests that the mother of Hugues may have been a uterine sister of King William, and therefore daughter of Herluin de Conteville. However, no indication has been in other primary sources which supports the contention that Hugues was the son of a duke of Brittany. It is assumed therefore that both lines of his parentage have been romanticised in this document to improve his status and reputation. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Hugo vicecomitis Abrincatensis postea…comes Cestrensis" founded "abbatiam Sancti Severi in Constantinensi episcopatu"[24]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Hugone postea comite de Cestria" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[25]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William granted “Cestrensem consulatum” to “Hugonis de Abrincis filio Ricardi cognomento Goz” after Gerbod returned to Flanders, dated to 1071[26], whereby he is considered to have become Earl [of Chester]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugonis de Abrincis filio Ricardi cognomento Goz...cum Rodberto de Rodelento et Rodberto de Malopassu” [Robert de Rhuddlan and Robert de Malpas] shed “multum Guallorum sanguinem”[27]. He succeeded his father in [1082] as Vicomte d'Avranches. An undated charter records the grant of pasturage rights "ad castrum Claromontis, Credulii, Gornaci, Lusarchiarum" to Saint-Leu d’Esserant by "Hugo comes Cestrensis" and "Hugo Claromontensis et Margarita uxor eius", later confirmed by "Rainaldus comes" with the consent of "uxore eius Clementia et filiis eius Guidone et Rainaldo"[28]. Domesday Book records that “Earl Hugh” held Bickton in Fordinbridge Hundred in Hampshire; Drayton in Sutton Hundred and Buscot in Wyfold hundred in Berkshire; his land-holdings in Dorset; and in numerous other counties[29]. Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem comitem et Ricardum de Radveriis...Rodbertum de Molbraio” as the main supporters of “Henricus clito” who governed “Abrincas et Cæsarisburgum et Constantiam atque Guabreium” [Avranches, Cherbourg, Coutances, Gavray], dated to [1090][30]. Florence of Worcester records that, in 1098, he and Hugh de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury led troops into Anglesey where they mutilated or massacred many of the inhabitants of the island[31]. "…Hugonis comitis…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[32]. He founded the abbeys of Saint-Sever in Normandy and St Werburg in Chester, becoming a monk at the latter four days before he died[33]. Orderic Vitalis states that Hugues was "a slave to gluttony, he staggered under a mountain of fat" and was "given over to carnal lusts and had a numerous progeny of sons and daughters by his concubines"[34]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1101 of “Hugone comite Cestrensi”[35]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1101 of "Hugo comes Crassus urbis Legionum"[36]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VI Kal Aug” of “Hugo primus comes Cestriæ”[37].

[m firstly ---. No direct evidence has been found about this supposed first marriage. However, assuming that the birth date of Hugh is correctly estimated to [1047] as shown above, it would be surprising if his marriage to Ermentrude de Clermont (before 1093) was his first.]

m [secondly] ([before 1093]) ERMENTRUDE de Clermont, daughter of HUGUES de Clermont [en-Beauvaisis] & his wife Marguerite de Roucy [Montdidier] (-after 13 May 1106). Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugonis de Abrincis filio Ricardi cognomento Goz” married “Ermentrudem filiam Hugonis de Claromonte Belvacensi”[38]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to a sister of "comes Rainaldus" as husband of "comiti Hugoni de Cestre"[39]. “Ricardus Cestrensis comes et Ermentrudis comitissa mater eius” confirmed donations to Abingdon by charter dated 13 May 1106[40].

Earl Hugh & his [second] wife had one child:

1. RICHARD d'Avranches ([1093]-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). Orderic Vitalis names “Ricardum Cestrensis comitatum hæredum” as the child of “Hugonis de Abrincis filio Ricardi cognomento Goz” and his wife “Ermentrudem filiam Hugonis de Claromonte Belvacensi”, adding that he died “juvenis” and childless “VII Kal Dec” in the shipwreck “cum Guillelmo Adelino Henrici regis Anglorum filio”[41]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Richardus filius eius” was “puer septem annorum” when he succeeded “Hugo primus comes Cestriæ”[42]. His date of birth is estimated from the Annales Cestrienses which record the death in 1101 of “Hugone comite Cestrensi” and the succession of “Ricardus puer vii annorum”[43]. He succeeded his father in 1101 as Earl of Chester and Vicomte d'Avranches. William of Malmesbury records that Richard drowned with his wife following the sinking of the “Blanche Nef [White Ship]”[44]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…Ricardus comes Cestrensis, Otthuel frater eius…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[45]. The Annales Cestrienses record that “in die S. Katerine” 1120 “filius regis et Ricardus comes Cestrie cum uxore sua” were sunk “apud Barbelfleo”[46]. m (1115) MATHILDE de Blois, daughter of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela de Normandie (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). Her parentage and marriage are recorded by Orderic Vitalis[47]. The Annales Cestrienses record the marriage in 1115 of “Ricardus comes Cestriæ” and “Mathildam neptem Henrici regis filiam Stephanis comitis”[48]. William of Malmesbury records that she drowned with her husband following the sinking of the “Blanche Nef [White Ship]”[49]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…neptis regis Comitissa de Cestria" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[50]. The Annales Cestrienses record that “in die S. Katerine” 1120 “filius regis et Ricardus comes Cestrie cum uxore sua” were sunk “apud Barbelfleo”[51].

Earl Hugh had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

2. OTTIWELL [Otuel] (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). He was tutor to the children of Henry I King of England. "…Otuero filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated 1114 under which Henry I King of England granted the land of Roger de Worcester to Walter de Beauchamp[52]. His parentage is confirmed more precisely by the Continuator of Florence of Worcester who names "…Ricardus comes Cestrensis, Otthuel frater eius…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[53]. [m ([1116/19], as her second husband, MARGUERITE, widow of WILLIAM de Mandeville, daughter and heiress of EUDO de Rie, dapifer, of Colchester, Essex & his wife Rohese ---. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Margareta” as daughter of “Eudoni dapifero Regis Normanniæ”, adding that she married “Willielmo de Mandavill” by whom she was mother of “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer”[54]. According to the Complete Peerage, this genealogy is “probably erroneous” but it does not explain the basis for the doubts[55]. Her second marriage is suggested by a charter dated [1141/42], under which Empress Matilda made various grants of property including a grant to "Willelmo filio Otuel fratri…Comitis Gaufredi" (identified as Geoffrey de Mandeville Earl of Essex)[56]. The only contemporary "Otuel" so far identified is the illegitimate son of Hugh Earl of Chester.] Otuel & his wife had [one] child:

a) [WILLIAM FitzOtuel ([1120]-after [1166/75]). Empress Matilda made various grants of property including a grant to "Willelmo filio Otuel fratri…Comitis Gaufredi" (identified as Geoffrey de Mandeville Earl of Essex)[57]. It is not certain that "Otuel" was the same person as the illegitimate son of Earl Hugh, although as noted above no other person of this name has yet been identified. The co-identification appears confirmed by the following two charters. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[58]. "Willelmus comes de Essex" confirmed a donation of land in Aby and South Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Otueli avunculus meus" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1166/75] witnessed by "Simone de Bello Campo…"[59]. "…Willelmo filio Otueri, Rannulfo de Seis, Ingeramo Bagot…" witnessed the charter dated to the reign of King Henry II under which "Matildis de Stafford" granted land in Theddlethorpe, Lincolnshire to "Matildi filie Roberti filii Gilberti filiole mee", with the consent of "Johannis filii mei et Radulfi nepotis mei"[60].]

3. ROBERT (-after 1102). He was recorded as the son of Hugh Earl of Chester by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was a monk at the abbey of Saint-Evroul, Normandy[61]. He was appointed Abbot of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk in 1100 by Henry I King of England, but deposed in 1102 by Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury at the Council of London[62].

4. GEVA (-after 1145). “Geva, filia Hugonis comitis Cestriæ, uxor Galfridi Ridelli” founded Canwell priory, with the consent of “Ranulfi comitis Cestriæ cognate mei…hæredum meorum…Gaufridi Ridelli et Radulfi Basset”, by undated charter[63]. "Radulphus comes Cestriæ, Willelmo Constabulario et Roberto dapifero" confirmed the grant of "Draitune…in libero conjugio" to "Gevæ Ridel, filiæ comitis Hughes" by charter dated to [1120][64]. m GEOFFREY Ridel, son of --- (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). He was granted Drayton Basset in Staffordshire.

C. EARLS of CHESTER 1120-1232 (family of RANULF "le Meschin")

RANULF du Bessin "le Meschin", son of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux] & his wife Marguerite [Matilda] d'Avranches (-17 or 27 Jan 1129, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). Orderic Vitalis names him and his mother[65]. "…Rannulfus filius Rannulfi vicecomitis…Rannulfus vicecomes" witnessed the charter dated 24 Apr 1089 under which Robert III Duke of Normandy donated property to Bayeux cathedral[66]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of “ecclesias de Apelby…sancti Michaelis et sancti Laurentii” by “Radulfus Meschin”[67]. The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Rannulfus Mahald uxor eius Ricardus Rannulfus de Mesc filii eorum Lucia uxor Rann"[68]. He succeeded his father as Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux]. “Ranulfus Meschinus Richerio Vicecomiti Karlioli” donated property for the foundation of Wetherhal priory, Cumberland, for the souls of “Domini mei Regis Willelmi…et Richard fratris mei…mea et uxoris meæ Luciæ…”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Osberto vicecomite, Waldievo filio Gospatricii comitis, et Forna Sigulfi filio et Ketello Eldredi filio et Herveio Morini filio et Eliphe de Penrith”[69]. “Ranulfus Meschines” donated property to Wetherall priory, Cumberland, by undated charter, witnessed by “uxore mea Lucia, Willielmo fratre meo…”[70]. He was appointed Vicomte d'Avranches in 1120 after the death of his first cousin Richard d'Avranches, and also obtained the grant of the county palatine of Chester thereby becoming Earl of Chester (upon which he surrendered the lordship of Carlisle). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1121 that “Ranulphus Miscinus” was made “comes”[71]. He was commander of the royal forces in Normandy in 1124[72]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1128 the death of “Ranulphus Miscinus comes Cestrie” and the succession of “Rannulphus comes filius eius”[73]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VI Kal Feb” of “Ranulfus de Meschines” and his burial at St Werburgh’s, Chester[74].

m ([1098]) as her third husband, LUCY, widow firstly of IVO Taillebois Lord of Kendal and secondly of ROGER FitzGerold, daughter of --- & his wife [--- Malet] (-1138[75]). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that William I King of England arranged the marriage of "Ivo Taillebois" and "Lucia sister of Edwin and Morcar", her dowry consisting of their land at Hoyland[76], but this parentage appears impossible from a chronological point of view. Peter of Blois's Continuation of the Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the death of Ivo and his burial at the priory of Spalding, and the remarriage of his widow "hardly had one month elapsed after his death" with "Roger de Romar the son Gerald de Romar"[77]. A manuscript recording the foundation of Spalding monastery records that “Yvo Talboys” married "Thoroldo…hærede Lucia" who, after the death of Ivo, married (in turn) "Rogerum filium Geroldi" and "comitem Cestriæ Ranulphum"[78]. She is named as wife of Ranulf by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her first husband, but does not state her origin[79]. The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Rannulfus Mahald uxor eius Ricardus Rannulfus de Mesc filii eorum Lucia uxor Rann"[80]. “Ranulfus Meschinus Richerio Vicecomiti Karlioli” donated property for the foundation of Wetherhal priory, Cumberland, for the souls of “…mea et uxoris meæ Luciæ…”, by undated charter[81]. “Ranulfus Meschinus” donated property to Wetherhal priory, Cumberland by undated charter, witnessed by “uxore mea Lucia et Willelmo fratre meo…”[82]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Lucia comitissa Cestr…tra patis sui" in Lincolnshire[83]. According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Ctss Lucy was the niece of Robert Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln, as well as kinswoman of Thorold "the Sheriff"[84]. “Lucia cometissa” donated “manerium de Spallingis...cum quibus melius tenui et liberalius tempore Ivonis de Thallebos et Rogeri filii Geroldi et cometis Rannulfi” by charter dated to [1135][85].

Earl Ranulf & his wife had three children:

1. RANULF "de Gernon" (Château de Gernon, Normandy before 1100-[murdered] 16 Dec 1153, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[86]. He succeeded his father in [1129] as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches.

- see below.

2. AGNES ([1098/1105]-bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, son of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife, married firstly “Agnetem Ranulfi Bajocensis filiam”[87]. Her birth date range is estimated from the likely marriage date of her parents. If that range is correct, it is more likely that Agnes was Robert’s third wife than his first. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil died “Kal Jun” 38 years after his father and was buried at Ouche “cum duabus uxoribus suis: Agnete et Emma”[88]. m as his [third] wife, ROBERT de Grantmesnil, son of HUGUES de Grantmesnil & his wife Adelisa [Aelis] de Beaumont-sur-Oise (-1 Jun [1136], bur Ouche Saint-Evroul).

3. ALICE (-after 1139). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Richardum”, son of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”, married “sororem comitis Rannulfi junioris comitis Cestriæ” by whom he had “tres filios Gislebertum qui ei successit et fratres eius”[89]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the confirmation by "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" of the donation of "molendinum de Taddewelle" by "Alicia soror eius" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui" (undated)[90]. “Rics filius Gilebi” donated lands in Hawkedon, Suffolk to the abbey of St Edmunds, with the consent of “Rogs…filius me…et coiux mea Xpiana”, by undated charter[91]. This charter is attributed to Richard FitzGilbert in Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica and dated to 1154, which must be incorrect in view of Richard’s recorded death in 1136. The reference to his wife’s name as Christiana cannot be explained. It does not appear that Richard married twice, assuming that the sources quoted here are accurate. The extract from the History of Gloucester St Peter suggests that his wife “Alice of Chester” survived her husband, while the St Edmunds charter shows that “Christiana” was alive after Richard’s son Roger was old enough to consent to the donation. She was rescued from the Welsh by Miles of Gloucester[92]. A charter of Henry Duke of Normandy dated [1153/early Apr 1154] relates to donations to Gloucester by "Ranulphi comitis Cestrie…[et] Alis sororis eiusdem comitis" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui""[93]. It is not clear from the document how long before the date of the charter these donations were made. m [firstly] RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare, son of GILBERT FitzRichard Lord of Clare & his [first/second] wife [---/Adelisa de Clermont] (-killed in battle near Abergavenny 15 Apr 1136, bur Gloucester). [[94]Maybe m secondly ROGER de Condé [Cundet], son of --- (-10 Oct [1139/45]).]

Earl Ranulf had [one possibly illegitimate daughter] by an unknown mistress:

4. [daughter . The source quoted below suggests that the mother of Richard Bacon was the sister of Ranulf Earl of Chester, maybe illegitimate.] m --- Bacon du Molay, son of ---. One child:

a) RICHARD Bacon (-[after 1142/43]). “Ric. Bacun” founded Rocester Priory, for the soul of “Ranulphi comitis Cestriæ avunculi mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “Hugone [W]ac…”[95].

Earl Ranulf had one [probably] illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

5. BENEDICT (-after [1162/65]). “...Benedicto fratre comitis...” witnessed the charter dated to [1162/65] under which “Hugo comes Cestrie” confirmed his father’s donation of land “in Midelwicho” by his father[96]. It is likely that Benedict was illegitimate.

RANULF "de Gernon", son of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin "le Meschin" & his wife Lucy --- (Château de Gernon, Normandy before 1100-[murdered] 16 Dec 1153, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[97]. He succeeded his father in [1129] as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1128 the death of “Ranulphus Miscinus comes Cestrie” and the succession of “Rannulphus comes filius eius”[98]. Stephen King of England appointed him Constable of Lincoln. Earl Ranulf fought against King Stephen at Lincoln in 1141 and was seized by the king at court in Northampton 29 Aug 1146. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1141 “III Non Feb” that King Stephen was captured “a duobus comittibus...Ranulpho comite Cestriæ et a Roberto comite Gloucestrie...in bello apud Lincolniam” and in 1146 that “Ranulphus comes de Cestrie” was captured by King Stephen “apud Northamantiam IV Kal Sep”[99]. King Stephen nevertheless granted him the castle and city of Lincoln, probably after 1151. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ"[100]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1154 of "Radulphus comes Urbis Legionum"[101]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1153 of “Ranulphus II comes Cestrie”[102]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “XVI Kal Jan” of “Ranulfus de Gernons” and his burial at St Werburgh’s, Chester[103]. It was alleged that he was poisoned by his wife and by William Peverell of Nottingham[104]. Ralph de Diceto records that "Willelmus Peverel de Notingeham" was disinherited in 1155 for poisoning "Ranulfo comiti Cestriæ"[105].

m ([1141]) MATILDA of Gloucester, daughter of ROBERT FitzRoy Earl of Gloucester & his wife Mabel [Matilda or Sibylle] FitzRobert (-29 Jul 1190). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ"[106]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Wadinton de feodo comitis Cestrie” held by “Matillis comitissa Cestrie…filia Roberti comitis Gloecestrie, filii regis Henrici primi”[107]. It was alleged that she and William Peverell of Nottingham poisoned her husband[108]. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[109]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “IV Kal Aug” in 1190 of “Matildis comitissa Cestria”[110].

Earl Ranulf & his wife had two children:

1. HUGH "of Kevelioc" (Kevelioc, co. Monmouth 1147-Leek, Staffordshire 30 Jun 1181, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). The Annales Cestrienses record the birth in 1147 of “comes Hugo II”[111]. Robert of Torigny names "Hugonem filium suum" as successor of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ"[112]. He succeeded his father in 1153 as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[113]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1169 that “Hugo comes Cestrie” was made a knight[114]. He joined the rebellion of Henry "the Young King" against Henry II King of England and was taken prisoner at Alnwick 13 Jul 1174: the Annales Cestrienses record in 1173 that “Henricus tertius Rex Anglie filius Henrici Regis Anglie” captured “patrem suum” with the help of “duobus comitibus Anglie...Hugone comite Cestrensi et Roberto comite Leicestrie”, adding that “Hugo comes Cestrie” was captured “apud Dol in Britanniam...cum Radulpho de Feugis”[115]. He was deprived of the earldom but restored in Jan 1177[116]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1177 that “Hugo comes Cestrie” captured “totam Bromfeld in Id Jun” with “David filio Owino”[117]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “II Kal Jul” of “Hugo”, son of “Ranulfus de Gernons”, and his burial at St Werburgh’s, Chester[118]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death “II Kal Jul...apud Lech” 1181 of “Hugo II...comes Cestrie”[119]. m ([1169/70]) BERTRADE de Montfort, daughter of SIMON [III] de Montfort Comte d'Evreux & his wife Mathilde --- ([1155]-1227). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1169 that “Hugo comes Cestrie” married “filiam Simonis comitis Ebroensis...Bertrad” arranged by King Henry II and that she was “ipsius cognata”[120]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage arranged by Henry II King of England in 1170 of "Hugoni comiti Cestriæ cognate suo" and "filiam comitis Ebroicensis cognatam suam ex parte patris sui"[121]. “Bertreia comitissa Cestrie...” witnessed the charter dated to [1169/73] under which Hugh Earl of Chester granted land at Coventry to Godfrey his homager[122]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Beltesford et Hemmingebi et Dunintone” held by “Bertia comitissa, filia comitis de Evereros, uxor Hugonis comitis Cestrie”[123]. “Bertrada comitissa Cestrie...” witnessed the charter dated [3 Feb 1188/15 Nov 1189] under which “Ranulfus dux Britannie comes Cestrie et Richmondie” confirmed a donation to Bordesley abbey[124]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1227 of “Bertrudis comitissa Cestriæ”[125]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1227 of “Bertrudis comitissa Cestrie”[126]. Earl Hugh & his wife had six children:

a) RANULF "de Blundeville"[127] (Oswestry, Powys [1170]-Wallingford 28 Oct 1232, bur 3 Nov 1232 Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1170 the birth of “Ranulphus III filius Hugonis comes Cestrie”[128]. The accuracy of this date depends on the accuracy of the dating of his parents’ marriage which, as noted above, is reported in 1169 or 1170 in different sources. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Ranulfus filius eius” succeeded on the death of “Hugo”, son of “Ranulfus de Gernons”[129]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1188 that “Rannulphus comes Cestrie” was knighted by King Henry II “in die circumcisionis domini apud [Cadomum]”[130]. Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany from 1189, de iure uxoris, until his divorce in 1199. He supported John King of England against the rebellious barons in 1215. He was created Earl of Lincoln 23 May 1217-1231. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names “...comes Renoldus de Cestra cum Savarico de Malleone” among those who set out on crusade in 1219 and fought “ante Damietam”[131]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1220 that “dominus Rannulphus comes Cestrie” returned “de Damata” and arrived “Cestriam in crastino Assumpcionis”[132]. He resigned the earldom of Lincoln [Apr 1231/1232] in favour of his sister Hawise[133]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VII Kal Nov” of “Ranulfus” and his burial at St Werburgh’s, Chester[134]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Ranulfus comes Cestriæ” died in 1232[135]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “VII Kal Nov apud Walingeford” in 1232 of “Randulfus comes Cestriæ” and his burial “apud Cestriam”[136]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death “VII Kal Nov apud Walingford” of “Rannulphus comes Cestrie et Lincoln” and his burial “III Non eiusdem apud Cestrie”[137]. m firstly (3 Feb 1188, divorced 1199) as her second husband, CONSTANCE Dss of Brittany, widow of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, daughter of CONAN IV Duke of Brittany & his wife Margaret of Scotland ([1161]-[Nantes] 3/4 Sep 1201, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, Abbaye de Notre-Dame). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1188 that “Rannulphus comes Cestrie” was knighted “in die circumcisionis domini apud [Cadomum]” by King Henry II who also granted him “relictam [Galfridi filii sui]...comitissam Britannie filia Alani comitis Britannie...Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund” whom he married “in die Sancte Werburge...III Non Feb apud ---“[138]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Constantiam comitis Conani filia" as wife of "Gaufridus dux Britannie comes Richemontis filius Henrici regis Anglie natu tertius", specifying that she married [thirdly] "Guido frater vicecomitem de Tuart"[139]. She is named by Matthew Paris, who also gives her parentage, when he records her betrothal[140]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Constantia filia Conani" married secondly "Ranulphus Comes Cestriæ", stating that he divorced her because of her adultery and that the marriage was childless[141]. Living apart from her second husband, he captured her at Pontorson in 1196 and imprisoned her at his castle at Beuvron. She was liberated in Summer 1198, and repudiated her marriage. She married thirdly (Oct 1199) as his first wife, Guy de Thouars. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Constantia filia Conani" married thirdly "Guidoni de Thoarcio"[142]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1201 of “Constantia mater Arthuri comitis Britanniæ”[143]. m secondly (before 7 Oct 1200) as her second husband, CLEMENCE de Fougères, widow of ALAIN de Vitré Seigneur de Dinan, daughter of GUILLAUME de Fougères & his wife Agatha du Hommet (-1252 after 25 Dec). The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1200 that “Rannulphus comes Cestrie”, having left “comitssa Britannie...Constancia”, married “filiam Radulphi de Feugis”[144]. King John confirmed "manerio de Belinton" made by "Gaufr de Fulgeriis" to "R. com Cestr…in maritagio cum Clementia sorore sua" by charter dated 29 May 1204[145]. The Annals of Burton record the death “post Natale Domini” in 1252 of “Clementia comitissa de Rependun relicta…Ranulfi quondam comitis Cestriæ”[146]. A writ of certiorari dated 26 Jan "55 Hen III", was issued by "Ralph de Krumbewell and Margaret his wife, John le Straunge and Joan his wife, Walter de Suly and Mabel his wife, and Henry de Erdington and Maud his wife" concerning lands of "Clemence sometime countess of Chester…taken into the king’s hands upon her death by reason of the minority of the said Ralph her heir, lately deceased, of whom the said Margaret, Joan, Mabel and Maud claim to be heirs"[147]. Earl Ranulf & his [first/second] wife had [one possible child]:

i) [MARGUERITE (-[1216/20]). The parentage of the first wife of Geoffroy [I] de Rohan is discussed more fully in BRITTANY. Her marriage is confirmed by the following document: "Gaufredus vicecomes de Rohan" confirmed donations to Bonrepos abbey made by “avus meus Alanus vicecomes de Rohan et pater meus”, for the salvation of “Margaritæ uxoris meæ”, with the consent of "fratribus meis Oliverio et Alano", by charter dated 1216[148]. The following charter appears to provide the only indication of Marguerite’s family origin: "Petrus dux Britanniæ comes Richemundiæ" confirmed, for the souls of “nostræ et...Margaritæ sororis nostræ dicti Gaufridi quondam uxoris”, that “Alanus vicecomes de Rohan” had donated revenue “de Costeteia” to Bonrepos for the soul of "Gaufridi fratris sui", by charter dated 1232[149]. Marguerite is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[150] as the daughter of Ranulf Earl of Chester and his first wife Constance Dss of Brittany. No other source has been found which discusses this possibility. It is assumed that it is speculative, based on the apparent chronological difficulty of Constance giving birth to three children by her third husband. This possibility appears unlikely to be correct as Marguerite’s hereditary claim to the duchy of Brittany which would have been senior to the wife of Pierre de Dreux, who was Constance’s oldest daughter by her third husband. While Marguerite may have been side-lined like Constance’s oldest daughter Eléonore, born from her mother’s first marriage, it is probable that Marguerite’s Breton husband would have pressed such a claim to increase his power-base. Another problem is the Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ which records that the second marriage of "Constantia filia Conani" and "Ranulphus Comes Cestriæ" was childless[151], although it is possible that this source omitted children who died young without children of their own. Another possibility is that Marguerite was Ranulf’s daughter by his second marriage, but this seems improbable as it would stretch the definition of “soror” in the 1232 document beyond what is likely. m as his first wife, GEOFFROY [I] Vicomte de Rohan, son of ALAIN [IV] Vicomte de Rohan & his wife Mabile de Fougères (-15 Sep 1221).]

b) MATILDA ([1171]-[6] Jan 1233). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1171 the birth of “Matildis filia Hugonis comitis Cestrie”[152]. The accuracy of this date depends on the accuracy of the date of birth of her brother Ranulf, as discussed above. The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "primogenita…Matilda" married "comiti David"[153]. Benedict of Peterborough records the marriage in 1190 of "David frater Willelmi regis Scotiæ" and "sororem Ranulfi comitem Cestriæ"[154]. "Comes David frater regis Scottorum" founded Lindores Abbey, for the souls of "…Matilde comitisse sponse mee et…David filii mei", by undated charter (dated to before 1203 from the names of the subscribers)[155]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "comes Cestrie" gave land "in Forthington et in Ulesbi" in Lincolnshire to "comiti Davidi in maritagium cum sorore ipsius comitis"[156]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death “circa Epiphaniam Domini” 1233 of “Matildis mater comitis Johannis”[157]. m (26 Aug 1190[158]) [as his second wife,] DAVID of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon, son of HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne ([1144]-Yardley, Northants 17 Jun 1219, bur Sawtrey Abbey, Hunts).

c) son ([1173]-after [1171/73]). Earl Hugh had more than one son as shown by the charter dated to [1171/73] under which “H. comes Cestrie” confirmed land to the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem for the souls of “puerorum meorum”[159]. same person as...? [RICHARD (-after [1177/81]). “Ricardo filius comitis...” witnessed the charter dated to [1177/1181] under which “Hugo comes Cestrie” confirmed his father’s donation to Grimsby abbey[160]. Domesday Descendants suggests that Richard was the son of Earl Hugh[161]. This suggestion is open to question. If it is correct that the birth of Earl Hugh’s son Ranulf is dated to 1170, soon after his father’s marriage, Richard would have been the earl’s younger son. If that is correct, it is far from obvious why a second son would witness this charter and not the donor’s older son. It is more likely that the witness was the brother of Earl Hugh, who is referred to as “filius comitis” in another of his brother’s charters (see below). Barraclough’s dating of this charter to [1177/81] appears to depend solely on the assumption that the witness was the donor’s son. There appears to be no indication in the text of the document to prevent it being dated much earlier.]

d) MABEL (-after 1232). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "secunda…Mabillia" married "comiti Arundelle"[162]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "comes Cestrie" gave land "in Calswah" in Lincolnshire to "comiti de Arundell in maritagium cum sorore sua"[163]. m WILLIAM d'Aubigny Earl of Sussex and Arundel, son of WILLIAM d'Aubigny Earl of Arundel and Sussex & his wife Matilda de Saint-Hilaire (-Cainell, near Rome before 30 Mar 1221, bur Wymondham Priory).

e) AGNES [Alice] (-2 Nov 1247). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "tertia…Agnes" married "comiti de Ferrariis, id est Derby, Willelmo seniori"[164]. Lady of Chartley, Staffordshire, and Bugbrooke, Northamptonshire, following her brother's death in 1232[165]. The Annals of Burton record the death “X Kal Oct” in 1247 of “Willelmus de Ferrariis…comes Derbeiæ” and “IV Non Nov” of “Agnes comitissa uxor eius”[166]. m (1192) WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Sibyl de Briouse (-22 Sep 1247).

f) HAWISE ([1175/81][167]-[6 Jun 1241/3 Mar 1243]). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "quarta…Hawisia" married "Roberto de Quenci "[168]. Ctss of Lincoln [Apr 1231/1232] on the resignation of her brother of this Earldom in her favour[169]. m (before 1208) ROBERT de Quincy, son of SAHER de Quincy [later Earl of Winchester] & his wife Margaret of Leicester ([1187/90]-London 25 Apr 1217, bur Garendon).

Earl Hugh had one [illegitimate] child by [an unknown mistress]:

g) AMICIA . Her alleged legitimacy, the subject of a bitter dispute in the late 17th century, was championed by one of her supposed descendants Thomas Mainwaring of Baddeley, Cheshire[170]. It is difficult at this distance in time to judge the merits of the arguments, although it is interesting to note that her daughter was named Bertrade, the name of Earl Hugh’s wife who herself witnessed the charter which recorded Amicia’s marriage contract (see below), which may suggest that Bertrade de Montfort was her mother. On the other hand, Amicia is not named among the earl’s legitimate daughters who are referred to in several contemporary primary sources, as quoted above. “H. comes Cestrie” granted “servicium Giliberti filii Rogeri, scilicet servicium trium militum” to “Radulfo de Meinilwarin cum Amicia filia mea in libero maritagio” by charter dated to [1178/80], witnessed by “Bertraya comitisse Cestrie...Willelmo de Meinilwarin...Roberto de Meinilwarin...”[171]. m RALPH de Mesnilwarin [Mainwaring], Justice of Chester, son of ---. Ralph & his wife had two children:

i) ROGER Mainwaring . “Rogerus de Menilwarin” donated “grangie de Biveleg” to Deulacresse, for the soul of “domini Ranulphi quondam comitis Cestriæ et Lincolniæ avunculi mei” by undated charter, witnessed by “Willielmo de Menilwarin...”[172].

ii) BERTRADE Mainwaring (-after 1249). “Radulfus de Meidnilwar” granted “Smelewde...et Snellest...et dimid Pichemere...” to “Henrico de Alditelegh in liberum maritagium cum Bertrea filia mea” by undated charter, witnessed by “Ran com Cestr, Hug com Ultoniæ...”[173]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of [her grandson] "Henry de Audidelegh..." which record the manor of “Smalewode...given to Henry de Audithele grandfather of the said Henry” by “Thomas [error for Ralph?] de Meynwaryn as free marriage”[174]. m HENRY de Audley, son of ADAM de Audley & his wife Emma --- ([1175]-1246 before Nov).

2. RICHARD (-[1170/75], bur Coventry). “Ricardo fratre comitis...” witnessed the charter dated to [1162/66] under which “Hugo comes Cestrie” granted land to “Rodberto filio Hugonis accipitrum”[175]. “Ricardo filio comitis...” witnessed the charter dated to [1165/70] under which “Hugo comes Cestrie” donated “ecclesiam Bettesfordic” to Trentham priory[176]. “Ricardo filius comitis...” witnessed the charter dated to [1177/1181] under which “Hugo comes Cestrie” confirmed his father’s donation to Grimsby abbey[177]. As discussed above (under the possible son of Earl Hugh named Richard), the dating of this charter is uncertain. It is likely that the witness was the donor’s brother. A charter dated to [1165/70] records that Richard was buried in the abbey church of Coventry[178].

Earl Ranulf had one possible illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

3. [ROBERT FitzCount (-before 1166). The Complete Peerage states that Robert FitzCount who “became Constable of Chester jure uxoris and d. in or before 1166” was “apparently an illeg. s. of an Earl of Chester”[179]. If that is correct, the dating of his marriage suggests his birth in the range [1115/35], suggesting in turn that he was the son of Ranulf Earl of Chester who died in 1153, born illegitimate long before Earl Ranulf’s marriage. m (after 1157) as her second husband, AGNES, widow of EUSTACE FitzJohn, daughter of WILLIAM FitzNeel Constable of Chester, Baron of Halton & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.]

Chapter 2. HEREFORD

The earldom of Hereford appears to have been first created by Edward "the Confessor" King of England in favour of his nephew Raoul de Mantes. With the Norman conquest, the title was effectively revoked and the earldom was awarded to William FitzOsbern by William I King of England as a reward for his part in the conquest of England. After the rebellion in 1075 of Earl William’s son, the family forfeited the title and estates which presumably remained in the hands of the crown. King Stephen granted the town and county of Hereford to Robert de Beaumont Earl of Leicester in [1139/40] but the latter does not appear in documents as Earl of Hereford[180]. Empress Matilda granted the earldom to Miles of Gloucester in 1141. It was re-granted by Henry II King of England to Miles's son Roger in 1154, but on the latter's death in [1155] the earldom became extinct. It was granted again in 1200 by King John to Humphrey de Bohun, who was the grand-nephew and principle heir of Earl Roger Fitz-Miles.

A. EARL OF HEREFORD (MANTES)

RAOUL de Mantes, son of DREUX Comte de Mantes & his wife Godgifu [Goda] of England ([1025/30]-21 Dec 1057, bur Peterborough[181]). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[182]. Florence of Worcester calls Raoul the "son of King Edward's sister"[183]. "Droco comes Ambianensium" donated property to "Sancti Petri Gismoensis" by undated charter, signed by "Droconis comitis, Eotde comitissæ, Falconis fratris comitis, Rodulfi filiii comitis, Gualterii alterius filii…"[184]. Simeon of Durham names "earl Rodulph the son of king Eadward's sister Goda" in 1051[185]. He was created Earl of Hereford. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that “earl Ralph” rallied to the support of Edward "the Confessor" King of England “throughout his earldom” in Sep 1051 when Godwin Earl of Wessex and his sons were threatening force against the king, and “came to Gloucestershire to the king’s assistance...willing to attack Godwine’s levies if the king had wished it”[186]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 1052 that “the king and his council decided that ships should be sent out to Sandwich [as defence against the return of Earl Godwin], and earl Ralph and earl Odda were put in command”[187]. Florence of Worcester records that he assembled an army to defend Hereford against Earl Ælfgar and Gruffydd Prince of South Wales but fled 24 Oct 1055, describing Ralph as “cowardly”[188]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 1055 that “earl Ælfgar son of earl Leofric...went to Ireland and to Wales and raised there a great force and marched on Hereford; but earl Ralph came against him with a great host, and after a brief encounter they were put to flight and many were slain in that rout”, manuscript C clarifying that “earl Ralph gathered great levies to oppose them at Hereford, and they came together there: but before a spear was thrown, the English fled, because they had been made to fight on horseback”, adding that “earl Harold had an earthwork built around the town [of Hereford]”[189]. This last comment suggests that Earl Ralph was removed from the government of Hereford, although the later entry which records his death still accords him the comital title. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 1057 that “on 21 December earl Ralph passed away and was buried at Peterborough”[190].

m GYTHA, daughter of --- (-after 1066). Domesday Book records, in relation to land in Waddesdon Hundred, Buckinghamshire which "Ambrose holds of William Adstock", that “this manor Gytha wife of Earl Ralph held and could sell”, and “William himself holds Haversham...this manor Countess Gytha held”, as well as “Drogo holds of William Stoke Goldington...this manor Countess Gytha held”[191]. Bannister comments that “Earl Ralph...had married an English woman, probably of Godwin’s house or kin” (without citing any primary source which indicates that the statement might be correct)[192]. Her name suggests English (or at least Danish) origin. It is of course the name of the widow of Earl Godwin, but as the birth of Godwin’s first child is dated to [1020/22] his widow would have been in her late 40s when her husband died so unlikely to have married Earl Ralph as her second husband and given birth to a child by him. Earl Ralph’s wife could have been an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Earl Godwin and his wife Gytha, named after her mother, although on the basis of the limited information available in the document ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY it was unusual for the child of an Anglo-Saxon noble family to be named after a parent. A connection with Godwin’s family would explain the introduction of the name Harold into the Ewias family.

Raoul & his wife had one child:

1. HAROLD de Ewias of Ewias Harold, Herefordshire ([1050/57]-after 1120). His birth date is estimated from the chronology of his father’s life. Bannister suggests that Harold “could only have been a boy in January 1066”, adding that “he was then a minor in the wardship of Queen Edith, widow of the Confessor and daughter of Earl Godwin”[193]. Bannister does not cite the corresponding primary source, but this must be Domesday Book for Middlesex which states that "Harold the son of Earl Ralph, of whom Queen Edith had the custody together with the manor on the day on which King Edward was alive and dead" had held “Ebury” before the conquest[194]. Freeman states that "Harold the son of Ralph" is named in Domesday in Gloucestershire, Worcester, Warwickshire and Middlesex[195]. Domesday Book records that "Harold son of Earl Ralph holds Sudeley of the king. Ralph his father held it...[and] Toddington" in Gloucestershire[196]. Lord of Ewias, Herefordshire after 1086: Bannister comments that “exactly how or when Harold became possessed of this Ewias land it is not possible to explain”[197]. A manuscript which lists donations to Gloucester St Peter includes a record of the donation in 1100 by “Haraldus dominus de Ewyas” and the later confirmation by “Robertus” of "donum Haraldi patris sui"[198].

- UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY - EWIAS.

B. EARLS of HEREFORD [1067]-1075 (family of WILLIAM FitzOsbern)

GUILLAUME FitzOsbern, son of OSBERN de Crépon & his wife Emma d'Ivry (-killed in battle Cassel, Flanders 22 Feb 1071, bur Abbaye de Cormeilles). Guillaume of Jumièges records that one of the daughters of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Osberno de Crepon de qua natus est Willelmus filius Osberni”[199]. Orderic Vitalis calls Guillaume nepos of Hugues Bishop of Bayeux[200]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[201]. "Willelmo filio Osberni et…Ælicia eius uxore filia Rogeri de Thoneio" founded the abbey of Lyre by charter dated 1046[202]. "…Guillelmi filii Osberni…" witnessed the charter dated 1054 under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy confirmed the donation of "terram…Sancta Columba…dedit Niellus clericus" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[203]. "…Willelmi filii Osberti, Rotgerii de Monte Golmerii, Richardis vicecomitis Abrinchensis…" witnessed the charter dated [1055/56] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy "in pago…Constantino, villam…Flotomannum" to Saint-Florent de Saumur[204]. He founded the monastery of Corneilles in [1060] "on his own estates"[205]. "…Guillelmi filii Osberni…" witnessed the charter dated 1054 under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy confirmed the donation of "terram…Sancta Columba…dedit Niellus clericus" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[206]. "…Guillelmus filius Osberti…Guillelmus filius Guillelmi filiii Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy granted "Brenerias" to the abbey of Bayeux[207]. "Ansfredus, Osberni de Ou vicecomitis, postea…Hierosolimitani monachi, filius…cum conjuge mea Emma" offered "unicum filium meum…Goiffredum" as a monk at Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "dominis meis Emma, Osberni dapiferi uxore et filiis eius Willelmo et Osberno…Willelmo…principe Normannorum", by undated charter[208]. "Willelmus filius Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1060 under which "milite…Richardo…fratribus Willelmo…atque Balduino" donated "Gausberti Villa" to Chartres Saint-Père[209]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Willermus Osberni filius, ducis cognatus et dapifer...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[210]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Willelmo dapifero filio Osberni" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[211]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Guillermus Osberni filius...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[212]. The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, records that William I King of England made "le Conte Rogier de Montgomery et Guillaume le filz Osber" his two "Marechaulx d’Engleterre" after the conquest of England[213]. "Erchenbaldo filio Erchenbaldi vicecomitis", on the point of leaving "ultra mare", donated property to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "rege Anglorum et duce Normannorum Guillelmo", by undated charter, signed by "…Willelmi filii Osberni, Emmæ matris eius, Ansfredi filii Athlæ…"[214]. He fought at the battle of Hastings. Earl of Hereford: Florence of Worcester records that King William left "fratrumque suum Odonem Baiocensem episcopum et Willelmum filium Osberni quem in Herefordensi provincia comitum" when he went to Normandy 21 Feb [1067][215]. "Willelmus comes filius Osberni dapiferi" donated rights in "totius silvæ Longum Bothel" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen by charter dated 1068, which states that later "Willelmus…filius eius" confirmed the donation[216]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Ricardi filius Eboracensis præsidii custos” was killed, that “Marius Suenus, Gaius Patricius, Edgarus Adelinus, Archillus et quatuor filii Karoli” attacked “munitionem regis in Eboraco”, that “Willelmus cognomento Maletus, præses castrensis regi” announced to the king that he would be forced to withdraw unless reinforcements were sent, and that the king constructed a second castle in York which entrusted to “Guillelmum comitem Osberni filium”, dated to 1069[217]. Florence of Worcester records that "Willelmi Herefordensis comitis" seized treasure from monasteries in England 17 Feb [1070][218]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William granted “insulam Vectam et comitatum Herfordensem” to “Willelmo dapifero Normanniæ Osberni filio”, and sent him “cum Gualterio de Laceio” to fight “contra Britones” [Welsh], during which they first invaded “Brachaniaunos” and defeated “Guallorum reges Risen et Caducan ac Mariadoth”, dated to 1071[219]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William sent "Guillelmum Osberni filium" to Normandy to govern "cum Mathilde regina...provinciam" in “anno quinto regni sui” [1070/71] and that he was sent by Philippe I King of France to help Arnoul Count of Flanders against his uncle Robert “le Frison” but was killed in battle “X Kal Mar”, his body being returned to Normandy for burial “in cœnobio Cormeliensi”[220]. The Chronicon Lyrensi records that "Willelmus filius Osberni" was killed by "Roberto Frison die Dominica Septuagesimæ" in 1072 and buried "Apud Cormelias"[221]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Osberni Normanniæ dapifer et cognatus Willermi ducis" was buried "apud Cormelias"[222]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "20 Feb" of "Willelmus Britolii comes"[223]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "20 Feb" of "Guillelmus comes institutor hujus loci"[224]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus...filius Osberni, propinquus ducis Willelmi” founded “duo monasteriain honorem...Mariæ unum apud Liram...alterum apud Cormelias”, adding that he was buried at Cormeilles[225].

m firstly (before 1046) ADELISE de Tosny, daughter of [ROGER [II] de Tosny & his wife Godechildis ---] (-6 Oct ----, bur Abbaye de Lire). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus...filius Osberni, propinquus ducis Willelmi” founded “duo monasteriain honorem...Mariæ unum apud Liram...alterum apud Cormelias”, adding that he buried “Adelinam filiam Rogerii de Toenio uxorem suam” at Lyre[226]. There is no indication whether Roger [I] or Roger [II] de Tosny was the father of Adelise, or of the identity of her mother. "Willelmo filio Osberni et…Ælicia eius uxore filia Rogeri de Thoneio" founded the abbey of Lyre by charter dated 1046[227]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Osberni Normanniæ dapifer et cognatus Willermi ducis…Aelizam uxorem suam filiam Rogeri de Toeneio" was buried in the monastery of Lire[228]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "6 Oct" of "Adeliz uxor Willelmi hujus loci fundatoris"[229]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "6 Oct" of "mater Willelmi Britolii Adeliza"[230].

m secondly (after Jul 1070) as her third husband, RICHILDE, widow firstly of HERMAN Comte de Hainaut and secondly of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, daughter of --- (-Messines 15 Mar 1087, bur Hanson Abbey). The question of the possible parentage of Richilde is discussed fully in the document HAINAUT, dealing with her first husband's family. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1070 of “comitissam Flandriæ” and “rex…nepoti suo Willelmo filio Osberni”[231]. William of Malmesbury records that Baudouin I comte de Hainaut entrusted the guardianship of his two sons to "Philip king of France…and to William Fitz-Osberne", adding that the latter "readily undertook the office that he might increase his dignity by a union with Richilda"[232]. The Complete Peerage, citing "Annales Flandriæ", states that Richilde was taken in battle where her new husband FitzOsbern was killed[233], but the precise reference has not yet been found to this primary source. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Apr" of "Richildis comitisse"[234].

Earl Guillaume & his first wife had four children:

1. GUILLAUME de Breteuil (-Bec 12 Jan [1103], bur Monastery of Lire[235]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Willelmum et Rogerium Contumacem” as the two sons of “Willelmo Osberni filio” and his wife “Adelizam Rogerii Toenitæ filiam”[236]. "…Guillelmus filius Osberti…Guillelmus filius Guillelmi filiii Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy granted "Brenerias" to the abbey of Bayeux[237]. "Willelmus comes filius Osberni dapiferi" donated rights in "totius silvæ Longum Bothel" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen by charter dated 1068, which states that later "Willelmus…filius eius" confirmed the donation[238]. Son of Guillaume Earl of Hereford according to Orderic Vitalis[239], who also refers to him as nepos of Guillaume Comte d'Evreux[240]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father "Guillelmum Osberni filium", "[filius] eius...Willelmus major natu" inherited “Britolium et Paceium” [Breteuil and Pacy] and the remainder of his father’s property in Normandy, which he held for the approximately 30 years of his life[241]. Orderic Vitalis records the rebellion of Robert, son of King William I, and his departure from Normandy accompanied by “Rodbertus de Bellismo et Guillelmus de Britolio, Rogerius Ricardi de Benefacta filius, Rodbertus de Molbraio et Guillelmus de Molinis, Guillelmus de Ruperia”, dated to [1077/78], and their journeys during five years of exile[242]. He was captured in an attack on Conques, during the war between Raoul de Tosny and Guillaume Comte d'Evreux triggered by the enmity between their wives, and ransomed for 3,000 livres and the promise to make his cousin Roger de Tosny his heir[243]. "Guillelmus de Bretolio filius Guillelmi comitis" donated revenue to the monks of Saint-Evroult by charter dated to [1080][244]. "…Willelmus de Bretoil…" witnessed the charter dated 1089 under which Robert III Duke of Normandy confirmed the restoration of the monastery of Saint-Vigor near Bayeux[245]. Orderic Vitalis records that “comes Ebroicensis” requested Robert [III] Duke of Normandy to return “Bathventum et Nogionem, Vaceium et Craventionem, Scoceium [Bavent, near Troarn, Noyon-sur-Andelle, Gacé, Gravençon, Ecouché], aliosque fundos Radulfi patrui mei...Caput Asini” to him and grant “Pontem Sancti Petri” [Pont Saint-Pierre] to “nepoti...meo Guillelmo Bretoliensi”, which the duke agreed to, except “Scoceium” which was held by “Girardus de Gornaco...qui de eadem parentela prodierat, filius...Basiliæ Girardi Fleitelli filiæ”, dated to [1089][246]. The same source records that, during the course of the war, “Guillelmum Bretoliensem” was captured and imprisoned, after which he agreed to the marriage of “Isabel filiam suam” to “Goello” as part of the peace agreement, dated to [1092][247]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus” [Guillaume de Breteuil] gave “tria millia librarum” to “avunculo suo Radulpho” [Raoul [III] de Tosny] for his ransom as part of the peace settlement of the Evreux/Tosny war and appointed “Rogerium consobrinum suum Radulfi filium” [Roger [II] de Tosny] as his heir and that Guillaume Comte d’Evreux also named Roger as his heir[248]. There is some confusion of the date of Guillaume’s death. An addition to the chronicle of Robert of Torigny records the death "apud Beccum V Id Jan" in 1183 of "Willermo filio Osberni comite Herefordiæ…filiis ipsius…Willemus maior natu" and his burial "in claustro Lirensis cenobii"[249]. The Chronicon Lyrensi records the death "apud Beccum V Id Jan" in 1098 of "Willelmus filius Willelmi filii Osberni" and his burial "in claustro Lirensis Cœnobii" which had been built by his father[250]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "12 Jan" of "Willelmus Britolii"[251]. m ADELINE de Montfort-sur-Risle, daughter of HUGUES [II] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his second wife ---. She is named as wife of Guillaume by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and specifies that the couple were childless[252]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Bec, including donations by "Roberti de Monte Forti…Adeline sororis ipsius Roberti", by charter dated to [1181/89][253]. Guillaume had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

a) EUSTACHE de Pacy (-Pacy [Feb] 1136[254]). Orderic Vitalis records that he was the son of Guillaume "by a concubine", that he challenged the claims of William de Gaël and Renaud de Grancey to his father's estates and established himself as Seigneur de Breteuil et de Pacy, which was recognised by Henry I King of England who gave him his daughter's hand in marriage[255]. He rebelled against Henry I King of England, his father-in-law, in 1119, forfeited Breteuil but was allowed to retain Pacy[256]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Eustach de Britolio" in Wiltshire[257]. m (1103) JULIANE, illegitimate daughter of HENRY I King of England & his mistress [Ansfride] . She is named as the daughter of King Henry I by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that the king arranged her marriage[258]. According to the Complete Peerage[259], it is "not unlikely that she was the daughter of Ansfride" as her presumed full brother Richard interceded with King Henry on her behalf in 1119[260]. After her husband's rebellion in 1119, the king (her father) besieged her in Breteuil castle, from where she "was forced to leap down from the walls…and fell shamefully with bare buttocks into the depths of the moat", and fled to her husband at Pacy[261]. She and her husband were later pardoned. She became a nun at Fontevraud Abbey[262]. Eustache & his wife had three children:

i) GUILLAUME (-1153). He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Pacy. Orderic Vitalis records that he attacked Breteuil[263], which had been given to Raoul de Gaël. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 "sine liberis" of "Willermo de Paccio " and states that the castle of Pacy passed to "Roberto filio Roberti comitis Legecestriæ"[264].

ii) daughter . Orderic Vitalis records that she and her sister were given as hostages by their father in exchange for the son of Ralph Harenc. After Eustache blinded the boy, King Henry allowed Ralph to blind the two girls and cut off the tips of their noses [265].

iii) daughter . Orderic Vitalis records that she suffered the same fate as her sister[266].

b) ISABEL (-after [1116]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmum Bretoliensem” agreed to the marriage of “Isabel filiam suam” to “Goello” as part of the peace agreement between them, dated to [1092][267]. She must have been illegitimate as the same chronicler states in a later passage that her father's marriage was childless[268], unless she was born from an earlier otherwise unrecorded marriage of her father. The charter recording the donation of "femina Hildeburgis…" to the abbey of Saint-Martin de Pontoise names "Elisabeth" as wife of her son "Ascelinus…Goellus" and their sons "Robertus et Willelmus"[269]. m ([1092]) ASCELIN Goel, son of ROBERT d'Ivry & his wife Hildeburge de Gallardon (-after [1116]).

2. ROGER de Breteuil (-after 1087). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Willelmum et Rogerium Contumacem” as the two sons of “Willelmo Osberni filio” and his wife “Adelizam Rogerii Toenitæ filiam”[270]. Earl of Hereford: Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father "Guillelmum Osberni filium", "[filius] eius...Rogerius...junior frater" inherited “comitatum Herfordensem” and all his father’s property in England[271]. He conspired with his brother-in-law Raoul de Gaël Earl of Norfolk at Exning, Cambridgeshire in 1075, at the marriage of his sister, and rebelled against King William I during the latter's absence in Normandy. They raised an army but were prevented from crossing the River Severn by the Bishop of Worcester and the Abbot of Evesham. On the king's return to England, Earl Roger was imprisoned and his estates forfeited. Orderic Vitalis records that he remained captive for the rest of his life[272]. Florence of Worcester records that "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi…East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" conspired against King William in [1074][273]. Florence of Worcester records that "comites Morkarum et Rogerum, Siwardum cognomento Barn, et Wlnothum regis Haroldi germanum" were released by King William on his deathbed in 1087[274]. m ---. The name of Roger's wife is not known. Roger & his wife had two children:

a) RENAUD (-after [1130]). He is named as the son of Roger by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he and his brother became "some of the best soldiers in the service of King Henry I and are still awaiting his pardon"[275]. Nephew of Guillaume de Breteuil, on whose death he claimed Breteuil[276]. He held the Ballon fief in Wiltshire by [1130] de iure uxoris[277]. A charter of Richard I King of England confirmed donations to Godstow nunnery, Oxfordshire including the donation by “Reginaldi filii comitis et Emelinæ uxoris eius…hæredum suorum Eatonam”, by undated charter[278]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[279]. m EMMELINE, daughter of HAMELIN de Ballon Lord of Abergavenny & his wife Agnes --- . A charter of Richard I King of England confirmed donations to Godstow nunnery, Oxfordshire including the donation by “Reginaldi filii comitis et Emelinæ uxoris eius…hæredum suorum Eatonam”, by undated charter[280]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[281]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, which record the knights’ fees held from "Willelmus filius Reginaldi" in Herefordshire and name "Hamelinus de Balun avus suus"[282]. Renaud & his wife had [six] children:

i) WILLIAM de Ballon (-[1168/75]). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[283]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record the knights’ fees held from "Willelmus filius Reginaldi" in Herefordshire and name "Hamelinus de Balun avus suus"[284]. He claimed the Lordship of Abergavenny in 1166, in right of his mother.

ii) RAINALD de Ballon (-1203). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[285]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldum de Baelun Reginaldi filii comitis filium, et Emelinæ de Baelun” confirmed his father’s donation of property “Eatonam” to Godstow, naming “Hamelinus de Baelun avus meus”, subscribed by “Hamelino de Baelun”[286]. He succeeded his brother in [1168/75][287]. "Reginald de Baelun son of Reginald, son of the earl, and Emeline de Baelun" confirmed the donation of the manor of Eaton to Godstow abbey, made by "their father and mother", by charter dated to [1170/80][288]. It is supposed that "their" is a mistake for "his", and that "Emeline" was the mother of Rainald de Ballon not his otherwise unrecorded sister of this name, although this is not beyond all doubt. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Reginaldus de Baalon" paying "xx s" in Hereford[289]. m ---. The name of Rainald’s wife is not known. Rainald & his wife had one child:

(a) JOHN de Ballon (-1235). The Fine Roll of 1207 records “John de Balun” settling a dispute between “Reginaldum de Balun patrem ipsius Johannis” and “Gaufridum filium Ace et Agnetem uxorem suam” relating to "terra que fuit Hamelini de Balun" in Wiltshire[290]. Bracton records a claim, dated 1220, by "Nicholaus de Limesia et Margeria uxore sua et…sororibus uxoris sue" against "Johannem de Balun" who failed to appear[291]. m firstly ---. The name of John’s first wife is not known. Rosie Bevan suggests that she was "Lady Maud de Balun", for whom the Hundred Rolls of 1276 record that the prior of Canonsleigh had received rent for her soul for the previous fifty years[292]. m MARGERY, daughter of ---. The Testa de Nevill records "Margeria de Balun" holding dower in Eastington, Gloucestershire in 1235/36[293]. The Testa de Nevill records "Margeria de Balun et Willelmus filius Gilleberti" holding two thirds of a knight’s fee in Swallowcliffe, Wiltshire in 1242/43[294]. John & his first wife had three children:

(1) JOHN de Ballon (-1275). The Testa de Nevill records "feuda Johannis de Balon" in "Magna Sutton…Magna Chiverel…de rege de honore de Mortelay" in Wiltshire in 1242/43[295]. m firstly AUDE Paynell, daughter of WILLIAM Paynell & his wife Alice Briwere ([1209/10]-1261). A writ dated 2 Jan "33 Hen III", after the death of "William Paynel alias Painel" names "Lady Auda wife of John de Balun, age variously stated as 30 and more and 40, is his heir"[296]. The document does not specify the relationship between the deceased and his heir, but it appears that she was too old to have been his daughter so was probably his sister. Aude’s age in this document is inconsistent with the marriage date of her supposed parents, but may have been exaggerated. m secondly MARGARET, daughter of ---.

(2) WALTER de Ballon (-[1287/88]). m ([1282/87]) as her first husband, ISOLDA de Mortimer, [illegitimate daughter of EDMUND [I] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer & his mistress ---] (before 1273[297]-after 1336). According to the Complete Peerage[298], Isolda was the daughter of Edmund de Mortimer and his wife Margaret de Fiennes. However, this is chronologically impossible if Isolda gave birth to her son Hugh Audley in [1289][299]. It is therefore assumed that Isolda was Edmund de Mortimer's illegitimate daughter, although no proof has been found that this is correct. Another possibility is that she was Edmund's sister[300]. Her name suggests a Welsh origin. Edmund de Mortimer gave her and her first husband the manor of Arley, Staffordshire[301]. She married secondly ([1288/89]) Hugh de Audley.

(3) REGINALD de Ballon (-after 1294).

iii) HAMELIN de Ballon (-after 1166). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[302]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Hamelin de Baalun" holding half a knight’s fee, and "Mathæus de Baaluum" holding one knight’s fee, from "Henrici de Novo Mercato" in Gloucestershire[303].

iv) [MATTHEW de Ballon (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Hamelin de Baalun" holding half a knight’s fee, and "Mathæus de Baaluum" holding one knight’s fee, from "Henrici de Novo Mercato" in Gloucestershire[304]. It is not known with certainty whether these two feeholders were brothers, but this seems possible.]

v) AGNES . The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[305].

vi) JULIANA . The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[306].

b) ROGER (-after [1125/26][307]). He is named as the son of Roger by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he and his brother became "some of the best soldiers in the service of King Henry I and are still awaiting his pardon"[308].

3. EMMA . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmo Osberni filio” and his wife “Adelizam Rogerii Toenitæ filiam” had “unam filiam” who married “Rodulfo comite genere Britoni” with whom she went to Jerusalem on pilgrimage “in diebus Urbani Papæ”[309]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Northwici" to "Radulfo de Guader genero Guillelmi filii Osberni"[310]. Florence of Worcester records that her brother "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi" arranged her marriage to "East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" against the wishes of King William in [1074][311]. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1075 of “Radulfo Wadele comiti” and “comitis Willelmi Osberni filii filiam”[312]. m (Exning, Cambridgeshire 1075[313]) RALPH de Gaël Earl of Norfolk, son of RALPH "the Staller" Seigneur de Gaël & his wife --- (before 1040-on crusade after 1096).

4. daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that Guillaume FitzOsbern had two daughters[314].

Guillaume had one [Illegitimate] child [by an unknown mistress]:

5. RAOUL . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus...filius Osberni, propinquus ducis Willelmi” founded “duo monasteriain honorem...Mariæ unum apud Liram...alterum apud Cormelias”, adding that “Rodulfus filius eius” became a monk at Cormeilles “a pueritia”[315]. From the context of the passage, it would appear that Adelisa, wife of Guillaume FitzOsbern, was not the mother of Raoul as he is not included in the list of the couple's children in an earlier sentence in the same passage.

C. EARLS of HEREFORD 1141-1155 (family of MILES of GLOUCESTER)

Ellis suggests that this family "must have come from that now rural village of Pitres…on the banks of the Seine, some miles above Rouen, at the foot of the Coté des Deux Amants"[316].

1. ROGER [de Pîtres] (-before 1086). The Chronicle of Abingdon records a precept addressed by William I King of England to "Lanfranco archiepiscopo, Roberto de Oilleio et Rogero de Pistri" in favour of the monastery of Abingdon[317]. A charter dated to [1164/74] records that the burial at Lanthony of "domini Milonis comitis Herefordiæ" and records that "Rogerum de Pistres" was granted "custodi castri Gloucestriæ" after the conquest and that his family succeeded him "Durandum de Pistres fratrem eius" and "filium…Walteri de Gloucestria"[318]. Sheriff of Gloucester. He probably died shortly before 1086: his son is recorded with his father’s name holding property in Domesday Book, and his son made donations for his father’s soul by charter dated that year (see below). m ADELISE, daughter of --- (-after 1125). The Chronicle of Gloucester St Peter records that "Adeliza vicecomitissa mater Walteri de Gloucestria" donated "domos, redditus omnes…in Gloucestria" to the monastery dated 1125[319]. "Adeliz vicecomitissa" donated "quicquid burgagii…in Gloucestria" to Gloucester St Peter, with the consent of "Walterius constabularius filius suus", by undated charter[320]. A charter of King Henry II confirms donations to Gloucester St Peter including the donation of "burgagium…in Gloucestria" donated by "Athelays vicecomitissa…concessu Walteri filii eius"[321]. Roger & his wife had [three] children:

a) WALTER of Gloucester (-1129 or after[322]). Domesday Book records land held by “Walter fitsRoger de Pitres” in Barton Stacey in Barton Hundred and East Dean in Broughton Hundred in Hampshire; "Walter FitzRoger" holding Great Barrington and South cerney in Gloucestershire[323]. A charter of King William I dated 1086 confirmed various donations to Gloucester St Peter, including the donation of "in Erchenefelde unam terram Westwode" for the soul of "patris sui"[324]. Sheriff of Gloucester. Constable [of Gloucester Castle][325]. The Chronicle of Gloucester St Peter records that "Rogerus [presumably an error for Walterus] de Gloucestria" donated "Westwode in Jerchenfeld…" to the monastery for the soul of "Herberti fratris sui" dated 1101[326]. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny records that “Brientio filio comitis de Insula, nepoti suo de sorore sua…Lucia” granted the lordship of Abergavenny to “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ, consanguineo suo”[327]. The precise relationship between Walter and his predecessor has not yet been established. Henry I King of England confirmed the grant of "heredibus suis Herefordiam [parvam et] Ullingeswicam" to "Waltero de Gloec" by the bishop of Hereford by charter dated 1121, witnessed by "…Ricardo filio Poncii…"[328]. The Chronicle of Gloucester St Peter records that "Walterus de Gloucestria" donated "terram de Westwode in Jerchenffeld in Lawaran"[329]. "Walterus de Gloucestria, assensu Milonis filii mei et Berthæ uxoris meæ" donated "ecclesiam de Cernay…ecclesiam… Sanctæ Helenæ de Halgestane…terram…de Westwode in Herchenefelde" to Gloucester St Peter by undated charter[330]. Henry I King of England granted the lands of "Edrici fil Chetelli" to "Walto de Gloec" by charter date [3/10] Jun 1123[331]. A charter dated to [1123] records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[332]. "Walter de Gloecestria, Milo fili ei…Willelm de Mara" witnessed the charter dated to [1127] which records that "Ricard Puncii filii" granted Aston, Gloucestershire ("Hestoniam") to "Mathilli uxori mee"[333]. m BERTHE, daughter of ---. "Walterus de Gloucestria, assensu Milonis filii mei et Berthæ uxoris meæ" donated "ecclesiam de Cernay…ecclesiam… Sanctæ Helenæ de Halgestane…terram…de Westwode in Herchenefelde" to Gloucester St Peter by undated charter[334]. The Complete Peerage suggests that Berthe was a relative of Hamelin de Ballon Lord of Abergavenny, citing the passage from the Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny quoted above[335]. However, there are two difficulties with this hypothesis. Firstly, it is Walter, not his son, who is described as “consanguineo” of Brien FitzCount, suggesting that the relationship must have been through Walter’s parents not his wife. Secondly, doubt exists about the relationship between Brien FitzCount (generally identified as the illegitimate son of Alain IV Duke of Brittany, although the primary source which confirms that this affiliation is correct has not yet been traced) and Hamelin de Ballon, as discussed more fully in the document WALES (Lords of Abergavenny). The Complete Peerage also cites[336] the undated charter under which “Willielmus de Braosa” confirmed donations to Abergavenny Priory by “Hamelinus de Balon et Brientius comitis filius et Walterus de Herefort et Henricus de Herefort”[337]. This document does suggest a close relationship between the two families. However, a family connection through the mother of Miles of Gloucester is not the only possibility. Walter & his wife had [three] children:

i) MILES of Gloucester (-24 Dec 1143, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Milonem” as son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[338]. Henry I King of England appointed him Constable of England[339]. He was created Earl of Hereford in 1141.

- see below.

ii) [MATILDA (-after [1127]). A charter dated to [1127] records that "Ricard Pontii filii" granted the manor of "Lechia" to "Mathildi uxori mee in matrimoniu" in exchange for her original marriage portion, the manor of Ullingswick in Herefordshire, which he gave to "Helie Giff in mat-monu cum filia mea Berta"[340]. Round indicates that this charter means that Matilda must have been the daughter of Walter of Gloucester, noting that Ullingswick was recorded in Domesday Book as belonging to the church of Hereford, and also that King Henry I confirmed its grant and that of Little Hereford by the bishop of Hereford to Walter of Gloucester by another charter (see above)[341]. The fact that Matilda named two of her children after her supposed parents also indicates that this parentage is probably correct (although the name Walter was already used in the FitzPons family before Richard’s marriage). "Ricardus filius Puncii" donated “ecclesiam de Lecha" to Great Malvern monastery, Worcestershire, for the soul of "uxoris meæ Mathildis et liberorum meorum…", by undated charter, witnessed by "Simon et Osbernus fratres mei…"[342]. m RICHARD FitzPons, son of PONS & his wife --- (-[1127/29]).]

iii) [--- .] m ---. One child:

(a) RENAUD (-25 Aug 1149). A manuscript listing abbots of Evesham records that ”Reginaldus, monachus Gloucestriæ, nepos comitis Milonis Herefordiæ” was appointed abbot in 1122 and died “VIII Kal Sep 1149”[343], although another manuscript records his death “VIII Kal Sep 1136”[344].

b) HERBERT (-[before 1101]). The Chronicle of Gloucester St Peter records that "Rogerus [presumably an error for Walterus] de Gloucestria" donated "Westwode in Jerchenfeld…" to the monastery for the souls of "patris sui et matris et pro anima Herberti fratris sui" dated 1101[345]. The wording suggests that Herbert was deceased at the time of the donation.

c) [--- . Her parentage and marriage are established by the charter dated to [1123] which records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[346], although it is always possible that "nepos" should be interpreted in this document as indicating a more remote relationship than nephew of Walter of Gloucester. m --- de la Mare, son of ---.]

2. DURAND [de Gloucester] (-[1101], bur Gloucester). A charter dated to [1164/74] records that the burial at Lanthony of "domini Milonis comitis Herefordiæ" and records that "Rogerum de Pistres" was granted "custodi castri Gloucestriæ" after the conquest and that his family succeeded him "Durandum de Pistres fratrem eius" and "filium…Walteri de Gloucestria"[347]. Sheriff of Gloucestershire. Domesday Book records “Durand of Gloucester” holding Cliddesden in Basingstoke Hundred and Weston in Hoddington Hundred in Hampshire; several landholdings in Wiltshire; land in Westbury, Ashbrook, Duntisbourne, Culkerton, Didmarton, Whaddon, Sezincote, Icomb Proper, Shipton Solers, Haresfield Court, Moreton Valence, Littleton and Condicote in Gloucestershire; properties in Herefordshire[348]. m ---. The name of Durand’s wife is not known. Durand & his wife had [one child]:

a) [EUDO (-after 1086). Domesday Book records “Durand” holding of the bishop of Worcester land in Barnsley and "Eudo" holding land in the same place[349]. There is no indication of any relationship between Durand and Eudo but their holding property jointly suggests that they may have been related. It seems unlikely that land would be held jointly by brothers, it is more likely that the two were father and son or uncle and nephew. If Eudo was Durand’s son, it is unlikely that he survived his father as Durand’s nephew Walter is recorded as Sheriff of Gloucester after Durand.]

MILES of Gloucester, son of WALTER of Gloucester & his wife Berthe --- (-24 Dec 1143, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Milonem” as son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[350]. "Walterus de Gloucestria, assensu Milonis filii mei et Berthæ uxoris meæ" donated "ecclesiam de Cernay…ecclesiam… Sanctæ Helenæ de Halgestane…terram…de Westwode in Herchenefelde" to Gloucester St Peter by undated charter[351]. "Walter de Gloecestria, Milo fili ei…" witnessed the charter dated to [1127] which records that "Ricard Puncii filii" granted Aston, Gloucestershire ("Hestoniam") to "Mathilli uxori mee"[352]. Henry I King of England appointed him Constable of England in succession to his father[353]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Miloni Gloec" in Wiltshire (two entries)[354]. Stephen King of England granted him the honour of Gloucester and Brecknock in [1136] and appointed him Constable of Gloucester Castle. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus" in the presence of "…Roberto Corbet…"[355]. He joined Empress Matilda on her arrival in England in 1139, acting as her Constable. She created him Earl of Hereford at Oxford 25 Jul 1141, and granted him the castle of Abergavenny[356]. Brien FitzCount, illegitimate son of Alain IV "Fergant" Duke of Brittany, and his wife transferred the honour of Abergavenny to Earl Miles in [1141/42][357]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Paganus filius Joannis…et Milo" of Gloucester were killed, dated to [1137/40][358]. It is unclear why the two deaths are reported at the same time as a later passage in the Gesta records that "comes…Herefordiæ, Milo" was killed by arrow, and in a third passage that he was killed while hunting, dated from the context to [1142/43][359]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[360].

m ([Apr/May] 1121) SIBYLLE de Neufmarché, daughter and heiress of BERNARD de Neufmarché Lord of Brecknock & his wife Nesta [Agnes] --- (-bur Lanthony Prior, Gloucester). A manuscript narrating the history of Brecknock priory records that the founder “Bernard de Nefmarche, Norman” married “Neste qe fut apele Agnes, la file Griffin le fiz Lewelin…cruel tyrant de Gales” by whom he fathered “Mael…noble chevalier” whom it was claimed was not his son and who was deprived of Brecknock in favour of “la file [de] Neste, Sibile” wife of “Miles…fiz Watir le conestable de Gloucestre e de Hereford”[361]. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Sibillam, legitimam hæredem totius terræ Breconiæ…Bernardi et Agnetis de Novo-Mercato” as wife of “Milonem”, son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[362]. A charter dated to [10 Apr/29 May] 1121 records the arrangements for the marriage of "Miloni de Gloec" and "Sibilia filia Beorndi de Novo Mercato", the dowry being all the possessions of her father and of her mother[363]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[364]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[365].

Earl Miles & his wife had eight children:

1. MARGARET ([1121/23]-[6 Apr 1187 or after 30 Sep 1194], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Margaret married “Humphredo de Boun” and inherited “comitatu Herefordiæ”[366]. Her birth date range is estimated from the date of her parents' marriage and the likely birth date of her daughter Matilda. "…Margarita filia ipsi Mil…" subscribed the charter dated to [1123] records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[367]. This document suggests that Margaret must have been her parents’s oldest child. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[368]. She certified the knights' fees made in the fee of her father during the time of King Henry I[369], which may imply that her husband had died by then. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Margareta de Bohun xvii m" in Gloucestershire in [1167/68][370]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death 6 Apr 1187 of “Margeriam”, wife of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and her burial “in capitulo Lanthoniæ, juxta Gloucestriam”[371]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[372]. [The Pipe Roll at Michaelmas 1194 records “Margareta de Bohun” liable for scutage in respect of her knights in Gloucestershire and “Patricius de Chaurcis” owing for the same scutage (both in respect of the army in Wales), and “Herbertus f Herberti” owing for “legalem portionem suam versus Margaretam de Bohun” also in Gloucestershire[373]. It has not been confirmed that “Margareta de Bohun” was Margaret of Hereford or her daughter-in-law Margaret of Huntingdon. If the former, the date of death of Margaret of Hereford was incorrectly recorded in the manuscript quoted above.] King John confirmed the possessions of Lanthony abbey by charter dated 30 Jul 1199, including the donation of "duas partes de Onedesleye" made by "Margar de Bohun", in accordance with the division made "inter ipsam et Luciam sororem suam"[374]. m HUMPHREY [III] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [II] de Bohun & his wife Matilda of Salisbury ([1100/10]-[1164/65]).

2. ROGER FitzMiles (-1155, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Roger died childless[375]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[376]. He succeeded his father in 1143 as Earl of Hereford. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Rogerius, Milonis filius, juvenis…ætate" succeeded "in comitatum Herefordiæ" after his father was killed[377]. Constable of England. Lord of Abergavenny. Earl Roger founded the Cistercian Abbey of Flaxley in Gloucestershire [1148/54], maybe in memory of his father[378]. He was in dispute with Henry II King of England in [1154], probably about the castle of Gloucester, and surrendered the castle and his earldom, although the king made a re-grant of the latter to Roger[379]. The Chronicle of Gervase names "comes Herefordensis Rogerius…magni Milonis filius" when recording his dispute with King Henry II in 1155[380]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the donation by "Rogeri comes Herfordiæ" on becoming a monk at the monastery, and the donation of "Walterus constabularius Herefordiæ frater eius" (both undated)[381]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Rogerus comes Herefordiæ” died in 1155[382]. On his death the earldom granted by King Henry II became extinct. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[383]. m (before [Dec 1137/May 1138]) as her first husband, CECILY, daughter of PAYN FitzJohn of Ewyas, co. Hereford, Sheriff of Hereford and Shropshire & his wife Sibyl de Lacy (-1207). She is referred to as the wife of Roger in King Stephen's charter dated [Dec 1137/May 1138][384]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire records that “Rogerus comes Hereford” married “vicecomes Paganus…filiam”[385]. King Stephen confirmed to "Rogo filio Milonis Gloec et Cecilie uxori sue filie Pag fil Johis" the lands of her father by charter dated to [Dec 1137/May 1138][386]. She married secondly Guillaume de Poitou. Bracton records a claim in 1232 made by “Warinus de Monte Canisio” against “Adam de Kailly et Mabiliam uxorem eius...Isabellam de Friuilla...Matillidem Giffard” for land “in Luddeduna” inherited from “Cecilia [...comitissa] antecess sua...quia obiit sine herede de se descendit...Agneti...sorori et heredi et quia ipse Willelmus obiit sine herede...de se descendit...isti Warino...fratri et heredi suo”, and that the defendants replied that “Cecilia comitissa” had given the land, which “Willelmus de Pictavia...virum suum” held for one knight’s fee, to “Ricardo Giffard patri predictarum Mabilie et Isabelle...Osbertus filius Ricardi” and that “mortuo predicto Willelmo” Cecilia had married “Walterum de Meinne”[387]. She married thirdly (before 1166) Gauthier de Mayenne. "Walter de Maine" confirmed the donation of land in Perriton to Bruton by undated charter witnessed by "Cecilia comitissa uxore mea…"[388]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "comitissa Hereford quæ fuit uxor Walteri de Meduana" paying "xiv l x s de scutagio militum de veteri feffamento xxix milites" in Kent[389]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "honor Walteri de Meduana" paying "xxix l, per Ciciliam comitissam Herfordiæ et Willelmum de Monte Kanisio, xxix milites" in Kent[390].

3. WALTER FitzMiles (-1159 or after). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Walter died childless[391]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[392]. “Waltero fratre meo” witnessed the undated charter under which “Rogerus comes Herefordiæ” donated property to Brecknock priory[393]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Walterius…frater comitis Herefordiæ" captured "Rogerium de Berchelai" and tortured him, dated from the context to [1147][394]. He was Constable of Henry II King of England in 1154[395]. Sheriff of Gloucester 1155-1157, and of Hereford 1155-1159[396]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the donation by "Rogeri comes Herfordiæ" on becoming a monk at the monastery, and the donation of "Walterus constabularius Herefordiæ frater eius" (both undated)[397]. He succeeded his brother in 1155 as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. He left for Palestine [Michaelmas] 1159, dying soon after[398].

4. HENRY FitzMiles (-murdered Castle Arnold, near Abergavenny Easter [1159/63], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife[399]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[400]. He succeeded his brother Walter as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny records that “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ” granted “castrum de Abergavenny cum tota terra superioris Wenciæ” to “Henrico…filio Milonis” during the lifetime of his father, and that Henry succeeded on the death of his brother Roger, was killed by “quodam satellite…Senell, filio Donwaldi, iuxta castrum Arnaldi in superiore Wencia”, and was buried “apud Lanthoniam primam”[401]. He was murdered by Seisyll ap Dyvnwal[402]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…Henri his brother Lord of Bricone…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[403]. m ISABELLA, daughter of --- (-after 1166). "Ysabele uxor Henrici de Herford" held "v milites in dotem" from "Margareta de Boun" in Gloucestershire in 1166[404].

5. MAHEL FitzMiles (-after [Jan 1162/64], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Mahel died childless[405]. He succeeded his brother Henry as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. “Maihelus de Hereford” donated property to Brecknock priory by undated charter which names “Bernardus de Novo-mercato avus meus…Milo pater meus…fratres mei Rogerus comes, et Walterius constabularius et Henricus”, witnessed by “…Humfridus de Buhun nepos meus…”[406]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…Henri his brother Lord of Bricone…Michel Lord of Bricone…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[407].

6. WILLIAM FitzMiles (-Bronllys Tower, co. Brecon [1164/66]). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that William died childless[408]. He succeeded his brother Mahel as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. He was mortally wounded by a stone dropped from Bronllys Tower, co. Brecon[409].

7. BERTHA . The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Berthe married “Philippo de Brusa domino de Duelth“ (naming their descendants) and inherited “tota terra Breconiæ, Wenciæ superioris et Gower”[410]. A manuscript narrating the history of Brecknock priory records that “Berte” married “Willame de Brewes”, and also lists her descendants[411]. "Willielmus de Braiosa" confirmed the donations to the church of Saints Gervais et Protais de Briouze by "Philippus de Braiosa pater eiusdem Willielmi", by undated charter, witnessed by "Bertam conjugem meam, Philippum fratrem meum"[412]. m (before [1140]) WILLIAM [II] de Briouse, son of PHILIPPE de Briouse & his wife Eleanor of Barnstaple (-[1175]). He was Lord of Abergavenny and Brecon from [1173] by grant of his brother-in-law Mahel FitzMiles[413].

8. LUCY (before 1143-[1219/20] or after, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Lucy married “Herberto filio Hereberti” and inherited “foresta de Dene et aliis terries in Anglia”[414]. King John confirmed the possessions of Lanthony abbey by charter dated 30 Jul 1199, including the donation of "duas partes de Onedesleye" made by "Margar de Bohun", in accordance with the division made "inter ipsam et Luciam sororem suam"[415]. The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land from bishop of Worcester, whose assets had been confiscated by King John, dated to [1208/13]: "Henricus de Boun comes Herefordie et domina Lucia que fuit uxor Herberti filii Herberti" held "manerio in Suham et Brokhamt ii milites…in comitatu Glouc"[416]. A feodary of the bishop of Worcester’s estates drawn up in [1219/20] records that "Dame Lucia, widow of Herbert fitz Herbert" held shares in two Gloucestershire manors[417]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Luce the third daughter of the seid Milo Erle…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[418]. m HERBERT FitzHerbert [II], son of HERBERT FitzHerbert [I] & his wife Sibyl Corbet (-before 18 Jul 1204).

D. EARLS of HEREFORD 1200-1373 (BOHUN)

Planché records that the Bohun family derived its name from Bohon in the arrondissment of Saint-Lo in the Cotentin in Normandy, where “the communes of St. André and St. George de Bohon” are still found[419]. No trace of the Bohun family has been found in sources in Normandy, before or after the Norman conquest of England, except for the donation by Humphrey [I] de Bohun to Rouen Saint-Amand, the charter being subscribed by Duke Guillaume (see below). Their infrequent appearance in the surviving records suggests that the family was of lesser nobility and enjoyed little political influence in the duchy. However, a much later manuscript, which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey, records that “dominus Hunfredus de Bohun, cum barba”, who accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England, was “cognatus” of the king[420]. It is not known whether this document exaggerated connections with the ducal family in order to boost the prestige of the founders of the abbey, but in any case “cognatus” could include relationships which were remote, either by birth or marriage. Whatever the truth of their position in Normandy, the fortunes of the Bohun family started in England in a small way, as Humphrey [I] de Bohun is recorded in Domesday Book only as holding Tatterford in Norfolk, which suggests that any family relationship with the king was not close enough to be acknowledged by the monarch. The fortunes of the family took a turn for the better when Humphrey [II] de Bohun married Matilda de Salisbury, who brought large estates in Wiltshire to her husband. Humphrey [III] de Bohun increased the family fortunes further by marrying the eldest daughter of Miles Earl of Hereford who, after the death of her brother without issue, was his principle heir and transmitted the hereditary office of Constable of England to her son. The earldom of Hereford was revived in 1200 in favour of her grandson Henry de Bohun.

HUMPHREY [I] de Bohun [Bohon, in Normandy], son of --- (-after 1092). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Hunfredus de Bohun, cum barba” accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England, adding that he was “cognatus” of William[421]. "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[422]. Domesday Book records "Humphrey de Bohun" holding Tatterford in Norfolk[423]. A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[424]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "Humphrey de Bohon" donated part of the fief of Puchay to the monastery of Saint-Leger at Préaux, with the consent of "his sons Robert and Richard", undated, but he does not cite the source reference[425].

m firstly ---. "Humfrey de Buhun" donated tithes to Rouen Saint-Amand "for himself and iii uxoribus suis" by charter dated to before 1066, signed by "Willelmi comitis et Normannorum ducis"[426].

m secondly ---. "Humfrey de Buhun" donated tithes to Rouen Saint-Amand "for himself and iii uxoribus suis" by charter dated to before 1066, signed by "Willelmi comitis et Normannorum ducis"[427].

m thirdly (before 1066) ---. "Humfrey de Buhun" donated tithes to Rouen Saint-Amand "for himself and iii uxoribus suis" by charter dated to before 1066, signed by "Willelmi comitis et Normannorum ducis"[428].

Humphrey [I] & his [first/second/third] wife had six children:

1. ROBERT . Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "Humphrey de Bohon" donated part of the fief of Puchay to the monastery of Saint-Leger at Préaux, with the consent of "his sons Robert and Richard", undated, but he does not cite the source reference[429].

2. RICHARD de Méry (-before 1131). Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "Humphrey de Bohon" donated part of the fief of Puchay to the monastery of Saint-Leger at Préaux, with the consent of "his sons Robert and Richard", undated, but he does not cite the source reference[430]. His epithet "de Méry" suggests that this was territory inherited from his mother. Thomas Stapleton identifies Méry as "Mareium…the marshy territory along the banks of the river L’Ouve in the vicinity of le Homme, otherwise L’Isle-Marie, adjacent to the communes of Liésville on one side and of Picauville on the other" and lists various donations by individuals named "de Mareio"[431]. The dates of the documents in which Richard is named suggest that he may have been one of his father’s oldest children. "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[432]. A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[433]. A charter dated 1093 records that "Richard de Mereio" confirmed the donation to the monks of St Martin made by "his father Humfrey" for "quendam monachum eiusdem loci fratrem suum…Ingelrannum who urged it on him and for love of a little boy of his whom he had given them to bring up and teach"[434]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, says that "in 1131 a proffer of sixty marks of silver would be owing from [Humphrey de Bohon the King’s steward] to the crown si poterit dirrationare terram de Meri", citing the 1129/30 Pipe Roll, which suggests that Richard de Méry had died before that date[435]. m (before 1092) LUCIE, daughter of ---. A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[436]. Domesday Descendants records that the mother of Ingelger [I] de Bohun was "Lucy brother of Alexander"[437]. Richard & his wife had seven children:

a) ROBERT . A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[438].

b) HENRY . A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[439].

c) HUMPHREY . A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[440].

d) HAVIDE . A charter dated 1092 records the claim by "Richard de Mereio son of Humfrey de Bohonio" for a field near the monastery of Bohun from the monks of Marmoutier, a settlement being confirmed by the monks receiving "one of his little sons (parvulis) Humfrey…[to] teach him until he reached the age at which he could be a monk if he wished", with the consent of "uxor eius domina Luc[i]a et filii eius Rotbertus, Hainricus, Hunfridus, Havidis filia eorum" and witnessed by "Hunfrido patre eorum, Ricardo filio suo"[441].

e) INGELGER [I] de Bohun (-[1172]). "…Engelgerius de Bohun, Alexander de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[442]. His grant to the priory of Saint-Georges de Bohon names his deceased first wife and his second wife[443]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Blanchelande, including donations by "Engelgerius de Bohon…Ricardus Avenel…Doon Bardouf et Thomas frater eius…", by charter dated 1157[444]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Engelgero de Buhun" at "Blochesha", yielding ₤20, in Oxfordshire[445]. "Engelger de Bohon" donated property to St Georges de Bohun "desiring for the weal of his wife Adelisa and his father Richard de Meri" by charter dated to [1155/65][446]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Engelger de Boun" with two knights and seven knights "in Costentino" in his own service[447]. m firstly MATHILDE, daughter of ---. Domesday Descendants records that Ingelger donated property to the priory of Saint-Georges de Bohon naming "a deceased wife Mathilde and…his present wife Adelise"[448]. m secondly as her second husband, ADELISE d'Aumâle, widow of ROBERT [II] Bertrand Seigneur de Briquebec, daughter of ETIENNE Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise de Mortemer (-before [1168]). Domesday Descendants records that Ingelger donated property to the priory of Saint-Georges de Bohon naming "a deceased wife Mathilde and…his present wife Adelise"[449]. "Adeliza daughter of [Stephen] count Albemaris" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte for the souls of "Engelger her husband and Robert Bertrand her son" by charter dated to [1151/77][450]. [The 1166/67 Pipe Roll records "Aliz de Bohun" accounting for "Aldewurda" in Berkshire[451]. The identity of "Aliz de Bohun" is uncertain, although the second wife of Ingelger [I] de Bohun is the only person with a similar name who has so far been identified around that time period. The previous year’s Pipe Roll includes no Bohun entries for Berkshire.]

f) ALEXANDER de Bohun (-[1153]). Steward of Henri Comte d'Anjou and Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) at Falaise, Argentan and Domfront[452]. "…Alexandro de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1146/50] under which "G. dux Norm et comes And…" confirmed the rights of the abbey of Saint-Wandrille[453]. "…Engelgerius de Bohun, Alexander de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[454].

g) MURIEL de Bohun . Domesday Descendants states that Savari de Beaumont married "Muriel daughter of Richard de Meri, the Norman heir of Humphrey de Bohun" but does not cite the corresponding primary source[455]. Her family origin is indicated by a charter of King Richard I dated 31 Mar 1190 confirming "Ford, Climpling, Rustinton, Presteton and Lovinto…in the county of Sussex" to "Francus de Bohun", to hold in the same way as "Savaric son of Savaric, heir of Enjulger de Bohon" had held[456]. "Savaric son of Cana and Muriel his wife" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees by charter dated to [1105], witnessed by "…Radulfus et Savarico filii ipsius Savarici"[457]. m SAVARY FitzCana, son of RAOUL [IV] Vicomte du Maine & his second wife Cana --- .

h) [daughter . Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, says that "a daughter of Richard de Meri was apparently the wife of one Engelger, a Norman of the Cotentin, who in 1130 was instrumental in making peace between Henry I and his favourite Geoffrey de Clinton", referring as "proof of this conjecture" to "a recital as to tenure of certain land in Oxfordshire, which dates from the time of King John, that Hugh de Plaiz held seven hides in Bereford (Little Barford) which had been given to Richard de Meri…[who] had given them to Enjugier de Bohun in frank-marriage and…the said Enjugier gave them to the ancestor of Hugh de Plaiz", but he does not cite the source reference[458]. m ENGELGER, son of --- (-after 1130).]

3. INGELRAM [Ingulf] (-after 1093). Monk at Marmoutier. "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[459]. A charter dated 1093 records that "Richard de Mereio" confirmed the donation to the monks of St Martin made by "his father Humfrey" for "quendam monachum eiusdem loci fratrem suum…Ingelrannum who urged it on him and for love of a little boy of his whom he had given them to bring up and teach"[460].

4. daughter . Nun at Saint-Leger, Préaux. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "Humphrey de Bohon" confirmed his donation of the tithe of "Barbivilla and the church of Notre-Dame de Brevans" to the monastery of Saint-Leger at Préaux for "a second daughter of his admitted into the monastery", with the consent of his sons "Richard and Humphrey and Ralph du Cotentin their cousin", undated, but he does not cite the source reference[461].

5. daughter . Nun at Saint-Leger, Préaux. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "Humphrey de Bohon" confirmed his donation of the tithe of "Barbivilla and the church of Notre-Dame de Brevans" to the monastery of Saint-Leger at Préaux for "a second daughter of his admitted into the monastery", with the consent of his sons "Richard and Humphrey and Ralph du Cotentin their cousin", undated, but he does not cite the source reference[462].

6. ADELA de Bohun (-after 1130). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Adele amite Unf de Buhun" in Wiltshire[463]. same person as…? ADELISA [de Bohun] . "Main pater Willelmi de Albinico, Adelisa, Hunfredus de Buun avunculus eius…Willelmu[us] de Albinioc…" are listed in the Liber Vitæ of Thorney abbey[464]. The chronology of the Albini Brito family (descended from Adelisa and her husband) is difficult to determine precisely, but it appears possible that "Hunfredus de Buun", who is named in the Thorney list as "avunculus" of William [I] de Albini Brito, was Humphrey [II] de Bohun, in which case William’s mother may have been Humphrey’s sister who is named Adela in the 1130 Pipe Roll. m MAIN, son of ---.

Humphrey & his [third] wife had one child:

7. HUMPHREY [II] de Bohun (-[1128/29]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” as son of “dominus Hunfredus de Bohun, cum barba”[465]. The estimated date of Humphrey’s marriage suggests that he was born from his father’s third marriage, or even from a later marriage contracted after the conquest of England. "…Humphrey de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jan 1103 under which Henry I King of England confirmed an agreement between the abbot of Fécamp and Philip de Braose[466]. "…Humphrey de Bohun…" (signing first among the noblemen whose names followed the earls in the list) witnessed the charter dated [1 Aug] 1107 under which Henry I King of England confirmed a donation made by Richard de Reviers to Montebourg abbey[467]. "…Humphrey de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated 2 Mar [1113] under which King Henry I confirmed a grant made by Raoul de Fougères relating to the forest of Savigny[468]. "…Humphrey de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated [Jun 1119] under which King Henry I confirmed a fair at Nostell to the canons of St Oswald[469]. "…Humphrey de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1124-29] under which King Henry I confirmed a donation by William Paynel to Caen Saint-Etienne[470]. He died before the 1129/30 Pipe Roll in which his son is recorded as paying relief on his father’s land (see below). m ([1089/99]) MATILDA de Salisbury, daughter of EDWARD de Salisbury, Sheriff of Wiltshire & his wife --- (-bur Lanthony Priory). The Book of Lacock names “Matildam” as daughter of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes”, adding that she married “Humphridus de Bohun”[471]. The Complete Peerage states that the marriage was arranged "at the instance (it is said)" of King William II, citing Dugdale[472]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” married “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”, adding that she brought “Weston juxta Salesbury, et Walton, Newenton, Piryton, Staunton, Trobrege…” to her husband[473]. Humphrey [II] & his wife had two children:

a) HUMPHREY [III] de Bohun ([1100/10][474]-[1164/65]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[475].

- see below.

b) MATILDA de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[476]. Thomas Stapleton names her "Mabilia" but he does not cite the primary source on which he bases this information[477].

1. INGELGER [II] de Bohun (-after 1196). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Emugerus de Bohun" paying "lx s" in Sussex[478]. Ingelger [II] de Bohun was presumably related to Ingelger [I] (see above), but the precise relationship has not yet been traced.

HUMPHREY [III] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [II] de Bohun & his wife Matilda de Salisbury ([1100/10]-[1164/65]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[479]. His birth date is estimated from his holding the position dapifer from 1131. He succeeded his father, recorded in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll as paying relief on his land [480]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Vnfr de Bohun" in Dorsetshire and in Wiltshire (one of which entries records “Unfrid de Bohun” rendering account as relief for “terre patris sui”)[481]. "…Humphrey de Bohun dapifer…" witnessed the charter dated [Aug] 1131 under which King Henry I confirmed donations to Bec abbey[482]. As steward [dapifer], he witnessed King Stephen's 1136 Charter of Liberties[483]. He was steward of King Stephen from 1136 to 1139[484], but later supported Empress Matilda as shown by the following charter. "M. imperatrix, Henrici regis filia et Anglorum domina et Henricus filius comitis Andegavie" confirmed the rights of "Unfrido de Buhun" in the lands he held on the death of her father "et dapiferatum suum in Anglia et Normannia" by charter dated to [1142/46][485]. The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Hunfr. de Buhu" in Wiltshire[486]. The 1156 and 1157 Pipe Rolls record "Hunfr de Buhun" in Wiltshire, "in Melchesha" yielding ₤48, in "Bradeford" ₤40[487]. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[488]. The 1164/65 Pipe Roll records "Hunfr de Bohu" owing ".ccc. m p Releuio terre patris sui" in Wiltshire, which implies that Humphrey senior had recently died[489].

m MARGARET of Hereford, daughter of MILES of Gloucester Earl of Hereford & his wife Sibylle de Neufmarché ([1121/25]-[6 Apr 1187 or after 30 Sep 1194], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Margaret married “Humphredo de Boun” and inherited “comitatu Herefordiæ”[490]. Her birth date range is estimated from the date of her parents' marriage and the likely birth date of her daughter Matilda. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[491]. She certified the knights' fees made in the fee of her father during the time of King Henry I[492], which may imply that her husband had died by then. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Margareta de Bohun xvii m" in Gloucestershire in [1167/68][493]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death 6 Apr 1187 of “Margeriam”, wife of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and her burial “in capitulo Lanthoniæ, juxta Gloucestriam”[494]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[495]. [The Pipe Roll at Michaelmas 1194 records “Margareta de Bohun” liable for scutage in respect of her knights in Gloucestershire and “Patricius de Chaurcis” owing for the same scutage (both in respect of the army in Wales), and “Herbertus f Herberti” owing for “legalem portionem suam versus Margaretam de Bohun” also in Gloucestershire[496]. It has not been confirmed that “Margareta de Bohun” was Margaret of Hereford or her daughter-in-law Margaret of Huntingdon. If the former, the date of death of Margaret of Hereford was incorrectly recorded in the manuscript quoted above.] King John confirmed the possessions of Lanthony abbey by charter dated 30 Jul 1199, including the donation of "duas partes de Onedesleye" made by "Margar de Bohun", in accordance with the division made "inter ipsam et Luciam sororem suam"[497].

Humphrey [III] de Bohun & his wife had [five] children:

1. HUMPHREY [IV] de Bohun (-[1180], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and his wife “Margeriam”[498]. He succeeded his father as Lord of Trowbridge, Wiltshire. The 1164/65 Pipe Roll records "Hunfr de Bohu" owing ".ccc. m p Releuio terre patris sui" in Wiltshire, which implies that Humphrey senior had recently died[499]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Humfridus de Boun" with two knights and two knights "in Costentino" in his own service[500]. He was appointed Constable of England by [1172][501], presumably inheriting the position from his mother's family. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Hunfredus de Bohun"[502]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” was buried at Lanthony[503]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…Humfre of Bohum the iiiith sonne and heire of the foresaid Margaret…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[504]. m (1171 before Easter) as her second husband, MARGARET of Huntingdon, widow of CONAN IV "le Petit" Duke of Brittany, daughter of HENRY of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne of Surrey ([1144/45]-1201, bur Sawtrey Abbey, Herts). Her origin and first marriage are deduced from Benedict of Peterborough recording that "filia sororis regis Scotiæ Willelmi comitissa Brittaniæ" gave birth in 1186 to "filium…Arturum"[505]. Her birth date is estimated from the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 which records property “villam de Wissinton” held by “Margareta comitissa…xl annorum”, adding that “comes Britannie habet filiam suam” and that she has “i filium de Humfrido de Buun qui est infra etatem”[506]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Conanus filius Alani" married "Margaretam sororem Willielmi Regis Scotie"[507]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” married “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[508]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1201 of “Margareta mater…Constantiæ, soror Willelmi regis Scotiæ, mater Henrici de Boum comitis Herefordiæ”[509]. Humphrey [IV] de Bohun & his wife had [two] children:

a) HENRY de Bohun (-1 Jun 1220, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Henricus de Bohun comes Hereford et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” and his wife “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[510]. He succeeded his father as hereditary Constable of England. He was created Earl of Hereford in 1200.

- see below.

b) [MARGARET (-[17 Nov 1189/1195]). Her suggested parentage and marriage is justified as follows. A charter dated "X Kal Feb 1221" (Spanish Era = A. D. 23 Jan 1183) at Anjou records a donation by "P…comes de Lara…comitisse Marger’ uxori mee consanguinee H...angl’ regis" of "Molmera et Handaluz et Agusinu et Eles et Pulucranke…in Hyspania" to Llanthony abbey witnessed by "comes Gaufredus Britannie, J. sine terra, J. comes J, Mauricius de Creon senescallus Andeg, J. Didaci comitis"[511]. Evans suggests that she was Margaret of Scotland, widow firstly of Conan IV "le Petit" Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, and secondly of Humphrey de Bohun, daughter of Henry of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne of Surrey ([1143/44]-1201, bur Sawtrey Abbey, Herts). He points out that Llanthony had been founded in 1136 by Miles of Gloucester, whose eldest daughter married Humphrey de Bohun, who was the father of Margaret’s second husband[512]. If this origin is correct, Pedro’s marriage to Margaret was presumably terminated before her death, given his third marriage. The difficulty with Evans’s proposal is the obvious age difference between Pedro de Lara and Margaret of Scotland. Another possibility, which also justifies the connection with Llanthony through the Bohun family and is more satisfactory from a chronological point of view, is that Pedro’s second wife was an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Margaret by her second husband Humphrey de Bohun. "P…comes…cum uxore mea Marg. cometissa" donated their property "in Asbaladejo et in Cannet et in termino Conchæ" to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 30 Dec 1187[513]. "Comes Petrus…cum uxore mea Margarita" donated "hæreditatem de Grudis" to found a monastery, confirmed by "sororum Mariæ et…Santia Marric", by charter dated 11 Mar 1187[514]. "Petrus…comes…cum uxore mea comitissa domna Margerina" donated vines at Madrid to the Order of Calatrava by charter dated 17 Nov 1189[515]. m as his second wife, conde don PEDRO Manrique de Lara Vicomte de Narbonne, son of conde don MANRIQUE Pérez de Lara & his wife Ermesinde Ctss de Narbonne (-Jan 1202, bur Santa María de Huerta).]

2. MILO (-young). Domesday Descendants records that he is named as son of Humphrey in a charter[516].

3. RICHARD (-young). Domesday Descendants records that he is named as son of Humphrey in a charter[517].

4. MATILDA de Bohun ([1140/43][518]-after 1194, or after 1199). Her parentage is established by a 1263 inquisition which confirms that Humphrey de Bohun, grandfather of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford at that time, gave Bradenham to his sister Matilda[519]. Her first and [third] marriages are confirmed by a lawsuit recorded in 1194 in which "Matill uxor Walteri fil Robti" sued "Cecilia uxore Rad fil Wigain" over Swereford manor, Oxfordshire, given to her by "Henri de Oilli vir eius…in dote"[520]. A writ dated 7 Mar "47 Hen III", after the death of "John de Plessetis alias de Plascetis earl of Warwick", notes that "Humphrey de Bohun gave the manor [of Bradenham, Buckinghamshire] in free marriage to Henry de Oylly with Maud his sister"[521]. The 1164/65 Pipe Roll records "uxor Henri de Oilli" accounting for land in Oxfordshire, presumably indicating that her husband had recently died[522]. Her possible second marriage is confirmed by the Feet of Fines which records the judgment dated 9 Feb 1196 in a claim by "Henricus de Bohon…pro Adam de Greiuill" against "Matill de Bohon" concerning land "villa de Waleton…villam de Blakemer" and "in villa de Niweton" given to Matilda "in maritagium quondam Iuhellus de Mee---e"[523]. It is supposed that Matilda was the plaintiff’s aunt, although this is not specifically stated in the document. No other Matilda de Bohun has been identified, and the 1194 document demonstrates that Henry’s aunt was litigious. It is supposed that the name "de Mee---e" indicates Mayenne, but this is not beyond all doubt. ["Matill de Buun" paid a fine for "saisina de matris sue die qua obiit…de terra de Liscaret et de Kareswell" in Devonshire and Cornwall, dated 1199[524]. It is unsure whether this entry relates to Matilda, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun and Margaret of Hereford.] m firstly HENRY de Oilly of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, son of ROBERT d'Oilly & his wife Edith Forne (-1163). [m secondly (after 1163) JUHEL de Mayenne, son of JUHEL Seigneur de Mayenne & his wife Clémence de Ponthieu (-after 1172).] [525]m [thirdly] as his second wife, WALTER FitzRobert of Little Dunmow, Essex, son of ROBERT FitzRichard de Clare & his wife Matilda de Senlis (-1198, bur Dunmow Priory).

5. [MARGARET de Bohun (-before 1196). According to the Complete Peerage[526], the first wife of Waleran de Beaumont Earl of Warwick was Margaret de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun & his wife Margaret of Hereford. This appears chronologically improbable in light of the likely birth dates of Humphrey and Margaret's children in the 1140s and the estimated birth date of Waleran and Margaret's son in [1190].]

HENRY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [IV] de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England & his wife Margaret of Huntingdon (-1 Jun 1220, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Henricus de Bohun comes Hereford et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” and his wife “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[527]. He succeeded his father as hereditary Constable of England. He inherited the principal estates of the former Earls of Hereford, through his paternal grandmother. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Henricus de Bohun" paying "x s, dimidium militem" in Berkshire[528]. He was created Earl of Hereford at Porchester 28 Apr 1200. He was one of the 25 barons appointed to secure the observance of Magna Carta in 1215, and after the death of King John supported Louis de France when he invaded England. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln 20 May 1217[529]. Matthew Paris records the death in 1220 of “Henricus de Boun comes Hertfordiæ”[530]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1220 of "Henricus de Boum comes Herefordensis"[531]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus de Bohun” died 1 Jun 1220 and was buried at Lanthony[532]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…Humfre of Bohum the iiiith sonne and heire of the foresaid Margaret…Henri of Bohum sonne and heire of the foreseid Margaret…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[533].

m as her first husband, MATILDA de Mandeville, daughter of GEOFFREY FitzPiers Earl of Essex & his first wife Beatrice de Say (-27 Aug 1236, bur Lanthony Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[534]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus de Bohun” married “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”[535]. Henry III King of England ordered custody of "tocius terre que fuit H. comitis Herefordie", except the property of "Matildi comitisse Herefordie…manerio de Wokesie…dotem suam…[et] maritagio suo in manerio de Witehurst" given by "G. filius Petri pater ipsius comitisse…H. comiti Herefordie", dated 26 Jul 1220[536]. She married secondly (before 22 Feb 1228, divorced before 24 Apr 1233, divorce revoked before Jul 1236[537]) Roger de Daunteseye of Dauntsey, Wiltshire. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Gloucestershire, dated to [1226/28], which includes "Comitissa Herford est maritata Rogero de Antesye, nescitur pre quem. Terra eius valet xv.l"[538]. An order dated 22 Feb 1228 records a fine paid by "Rogerus de Antese et Matildis comitissa Herefordie uxor eius" in respect of a debt of "W. comes Essexie frater ipsius comitisse"[539]. She succeeded her brother, William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, in 1227 as Ctss of Essex, suo iure. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitissa Herfordiæ” died in 1236[540].

Earl Henry & his wife had three children:

1. HUMPHREY [V] de Bohun (-24 Sep 1275, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[541]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” as sons of “Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”[542]. He succeeded his father in 1220 as Earl of Hereford, hereditary Constable of England. He had livery of his mother's lands 9 Sep 1236, thereby succeeding as Earl of Essex. He supported Henry III King of England against the barons in 1263/64[543]. m firstly MATHILDE de Lusignan, daughter of RAOUL de Lusignan Comte d'Eu & his wife Alice d'Eu (-14 Aug 1241, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ” married firstly “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that she died “in vigilia assumptionis beatæ Mariæ” and was buried in Lanthony[544]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “circa Assumptionem beatæ Mariæ” in 1241 of “comitissa Herefordiæ” and her burial “apud Lentoniam juxta Gloucestriam”[545]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “…Matildae daughter of the Erle of Ewes in Normanni, first wiff of…Humfre de Bohum the vth…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[546]. The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "14 Aug" of "Mathildis comitissa de Herefort, filia...Aelidis comitissæ Augi"[547]. m secondly MATILDA de Avenbury, daughter of --- (-Sorges, Gascony 8 Oct 1273, bur Sorges, transferred 1290 to Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus quintus de Bohun” married secondly “Matildem de Avenbury”, adding that she died 8 Oct 1273 “apud Sorgee in Gasconia” where she was buried, her son transferring her body to Lanthony 17 years after her death[548]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “…Matildae of Avenburi Countes, wiff of the seid Humfre the second…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[549]. Earl Humphrey [V] & his first wife had five children:

a) HUMPHREY [VI] de Bohun (-Beeston Castle, Cheshire 27 Oct 1265, bur Combermere Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” as the son of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”[550].

- see below.

b) MATILDA de Bohun (-Groby, Lincolnshire 20 Oct 1252, bur Brackley). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[551]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Matildis..Alicia” as the first two of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that Matilda married “Ancelmo filio et hæredi Willielmi le Mareschall”[552]. A charter dated 19 Jan 1246 mandates the grant to "Matilda who was the wife of Anselm Marshall…[of] 60 librates of land in Ireland, for her maintenance until the king shall cause her dower to be assigned to her out of Anselm’s lands"[553]. m firstly ANSELM Marshal, son of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel de Clare Ctss of Pembroke (-Chepstow [22/24] Dec 1245, bur Tintern Abbey). He succeeded his brother in 1245 as Earl of Pembroke. m secondly (before 5 Jun 1250) as his second wife, ROGER de Quincy Earl of Winchester, son of SAHER de Quincy Earl of Winchester & his wife Margaret of Leicester (-25 Apr 1264, bur [Brackley]).

c) ALICE (-bur Lanthony Priory). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Matildis..Alicia” as the first two of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that Alice married “domino de Thonye” and was buried at Lanthony[554]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “…the Ladi Alice of Tonny daughter of Humfre of Bohum the vth…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[555]. m as his first wife, ROGER [VI] de Tosny, son of RAOUL [VI] de Tosny & his wife Pernel de Lacy (29 Sep 1235-[10 Jun 1263/14 May 1264]).

d) [daughter . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that the third of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia” married “domino de Quincy”[556]. This may represent confusion with the second marriage of this supposed daughter’s sister Matilda to Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester (see above).]

e) [daughter . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia” had four daughters[557].]

Earl Humphrey & his [first/second] wife had one child:

f) RALPH de Bohun (-after 2 Nov 1256). Pope Alexander IV issued an indult to “Ralph de Bohun clerk son of the earl of Hereford and Essex constable of England to hold one benefice...in addition to those which he has”, dated 2 Nov 1256[558].

Earl Humphrey [V] & his second wife had one child:

g) JOHN de Bohun of Haresfield . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Johannem de Bohun, dominum de Haresfeld, patrem domini Edmundi de Bohun” as the son of “Humfredus quintus de Bohun” and his second wife “Matildem de Avenbury”[559]. He performed the office of Constable of England in 1282 when his nephew Humphrey was confined to Brecknock[560]. m ---. The name of John’s wife is not known. John & his wife had one child:

i) EDMUND de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Johannem de Bohun, dominum de Haresfeld, patrem domini Edmundi de Bohun”[561]. m MATILDA de Segrave, daughter of NICHOLAS de Segrave Baron of Stowe, Staffordshire & his wife ---.

2. HENRY de Bohun . The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[562]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” as sons of “Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”, adding that Henry died young[563].

3. RALPH de Bohun . The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[564].

HUMPHREY [VI] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [V] de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his first wife Matilda de Lusignan (-Beeston Castle, Cheshire 27 Oct 1265, bur Combermere Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” as the son of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”[565]. He supported the barons against Henry III King of England in 1263/64 and was taken prisoner at the battle of Evesham 4 Aug 1265[566]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” was captured at the battle of Evesham and taking to “castellum de Bystone juxta Cestriam” where he died “in vigilia sanctorum Simonis et Judæ”, adding that he was buried “in abbathia de Cumbremere”[567]. A writ dated 21 Feb "51 Hen III", after the death of "Humphrey de Boun", names "Humphrey son of the said Humphrey and Eleanor his wife, aged 18 1/2 , is heir"[568].

m firstly (after Aug 1241) ELEANOR de Briouse, daughter and co-heiress of WILLIAM de Briouse Lord of Abergavenny & his wife Eve Marshal of the Earls of Pembroke (-bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Isabella, Matildis, Eva et Alianora” as the four daughters of “Willielmus de Brews quartus” and his wife “Evam filiam domini Willielmi Mareschalli”, adding that Eleanor married “Hunfredo de Bohun quinto cum dominio de Brekenok”, corrected to “Humfredus sextus” in a later passage which also adds that the marriage took place after the death of Humphrey’s mother[569]. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Matilda, Alianora et Eva" as the three daughters of "Willielmo de Brewes" and his wife "quinta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Eva", adding that Eleanor married "Humfrido de Bohun vi"[570]. A manuscript in Aske’s collections names “…Elionor of Brewis, Ladi and heire of the land of Bricon…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[571].

m secondly JOAN de Quincy, daughter and co-heiress of ROBERT de Quincy & his wife Helen of Wales (-25 Nov 1284). An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency earl of Winchester", records that "Joan, wife of Humphrey de Boum the younger of full age, and Hawis, within age, daughters of the late Robert de Quency" were his heirs in the manor of "Styventon alias Steventon [Bedford]"[572]. A writ dated 15 Dec "12 Edw I", after the death of "Joan late the wife of Humphrey de Boun alias de Bohun", records that she died "on Thursday the feast of St Katherine 12 Edw I" and that "Hawis her sister, late the wife of Baldwin Wake, is her next heir and of full age"[573].

Humphrey [VI] de Bohun & his first wife had four children:

1. HUMPHREY [VII] de Bohun ([1249]-1298). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” as son of “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” and his wife “Alianoram de Brewes”[574]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex.

- see below.

2. GILBERT de Bohun . His brother granted him all the lands in Ireland belonging to their mother[575].

3. --- de Bohun . m ---. One child:

a) OLIVER de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus sextus de Bohun” as “avus domini Oliveri de Bohun” but does not name Oliver’s parents[576].

4. ELEANOR de Bohun (-20 Feb 1314, bur Walden Abbey). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1313 X Kal Mar” of “Elianora comitissa Derbi” and her burial at Walden[577]. m (26 Jun 1269) as his second wife, ROBERT de Ferrers Earl of Derby, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester ([1239]-1279, bur [Stafford, Priory of St Thomas]).

HUMPHREY [VII] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [VI] de Bohun & his first wife Eleanor de Briouse of Abergavenny ([1249]-Pleshey 31 Dec 1298, bur Walden, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” as son of “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” and his wife “Alianoram de Brewes”[578]. A writ dated 21 Feb "51 Hen III", after the death of "Humphrey de Boun", names "Humphrey son of the said Humphrey and Eleanor his wife, aged 18 1/2 , is heir"[579]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. He was confined to Brecknock in 1282 and the office of Constable performed by his uncle John de Bohun[580]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1298 II Kal Jan” of “Humfridus de Boun comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ”[581]. The Annals of Worcester record the death “II Kal Jan” in 1298 of “Umfredus comes Herefordiæ” and his burial “in monasterio de Waledene”[582].

m (1275) MATHILDE de Fiennes, daughter of ENGUERRAND Seigneur de Fiennes & his wife Isabelle de Condé (-6 Nov before 1298, bur Walden, Essex). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilda de Fenis” as wife of “Humfridus de Boun comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ”[583]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” married “Matildem de Fenes”, adding that she died “in festo S. Leonardi” and was buried “apud Waldene”[584]. An inspeximus dated 15 Jun 1275 records the dower promised by “William de Fenles lord of Fenles” to “Humphrey de Boun” with “his sister Maud de Fenles in marriage”[585].

Earl Humphrey [VII] & his wife had [two children]:

1. HUMPHREY [VIII] de Bohun ([1276]-killed in battle Boroughbridge 16 Mar 1322, bur York, Church of the Friars Preachers). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” as son of “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem de Fenes”[586]. He succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. He was deprived of his office of Constable in 1302, but was restored as such 28 Aug 1311. He was among the Barons who forced King Edward II to agree to the appointment of the Ordainers, of whom he became one himself. He opposed the Despensers, joined the rebellion of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and was killed while trying to force the bridge at Boroughbridge. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Humfridus de Bohun” was killed “ad pontem de Burrowbrigge” and was buried at York[587]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus octavus” died 16 Mar 1321 and was buried “apud Ebor, inter Fratres Prædicatores”[588]. m (Papal dispensation 12 Aug 1302, Westminster 14 Nov 1302) as her second husband, ELIZABETH of England, widow of JAN I Count of Holland and Zeeland, daughter of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire Aug 1282-Quendon, Essex [5] May 1316, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "apud Rothelan" in 1282 of "filiam…Elizabetham" to "Alienora regina Angliæ"[589]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[590]. The dispensation for the marriage of “Humfrido comiti Herefordensi” and “Elizabetæ natæ...Edvardi regis Angliæ...relictæ quondam Johannis comitis Hollandiæ” is dated 10 Aug 1302[591]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "in festo Sanctæ Katerinæ…apud Caversham juxta Redyng" in 1302 of "Margareta filia regis Angliæ, comitissa Hoylandiæ et Salondiæ" and "domino Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ"[592]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[593]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” married “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that she was buried “apud Waldene”[594]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Quenden” of “quædam filia” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ” during whose birth her mother died, and in a later passage her burial at Waldon[595]. Humphrey [VIII] & his wife had ten children:

a) MARGARET de Bohun ([Tinehmue] 1303-). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Tinehmue” of “Margareta primogenita” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[596]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the first Margaret died young[597].

b) HUMPHREY de Bohun (Knaresborough [1304]-10 Sep 1304). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Knaresburgh” of “Humfridus filius suus primogenitus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[598]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the first Humphrey died 10 Sep 1304[599].

c) JOHN de Bohun (St Clements 23 Nov 1306-Kirkby Thore, co. Westmoreland 20 Jan 1336, bur Stratford Abbey near London). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that John was “comes Hereford et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ”[600]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Plesset” of “Johannes” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[601]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England but this office was removed from him 26 Oct 1330 in favour of his brother "on account of his infirmity"[602]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1335 of “Johannes sine hærede” and his burial “abbatiam de Stratford”[603]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “comes Johannes”, after the death of his brother Edward, “apud Kirkeby Thore sine hærede in festo sanctorum Fabiani et Sebastiani” in 1335 and his burial “in abbathia de Stratford iuxta London”[604]. m firstly (Papal dispensation Feb 1325) ALICE FitzAlan, daughter of EDMUND FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Alice de Warenne of Surrey (-bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the marriage of “Johannes de Bohun comes”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Aliciam filiam domini Edmundi comitis Arundeliæ” after the death of his father, and her burial at Walden[605]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alicia Arundell” as the wife of “Johannes de Boon, comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ” and records that she was buried at Walden[606]. m secondly MARGARET Basset, daughter of RALPH Basset Lord Basset of Drayton & his wife Joan de Grey of Wilton (-after 1 Dec 1347). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the second marriage of “Johannes de Bohun comes”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Margaretam filiam domini Radulphi Basset” after the death of his first wife[607].

d) HUMPHREY [IX] de Bohun (Longmaban, Scotland [1309]-Pleshey 15 Oct 1361, bur London, Church of the Friars Augustine). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the second Humphrey was “comes Hereford et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and was unmarried[608]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Longmaban in Scotia” of “Humfridus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[609]. He succeeded his brother in 1336 as Earl of Hereford and Essex. He granted the office of Constable of England to his brother William for life 12 Jun 1338[610], but it presumably reverted to Earl Humphrey when his brother died in 1360. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1361 XVIII Kal Nov” of “Humfridus” at London and his burial “in ecclesia fratrum sancti Augustini”[611]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, chose burial “among the poor brothers, Augustine Friars, in the choir of their church in London”, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[612]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “Humfredus decimus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ, ac dominus Breconiæ” in 1361 “apud Pleysis sine hærede” and his burial “Londini apud Fratres Augustinos”[613].

e) EDWARD de Bohun (Caldecot [1312]-Low Malden castle, Scotland [10] Nov 1334, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that Edward died “in Scotia” and was buried “apud Waldene”[614]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Caldecot” of “duo gemelli…Edwardus et Willielmus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[615]. Twin with his brother William. He replaced his brother as Constable of England 26 Oct 1330 on account of his brother's infirmity[616]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1333 “ad castrum de Low-Malden” of “Edwardus de Boun miles”, drowned, and his burial “apud Walton”[617]. He was drowned in Scotland when trying to rescue one of his followers[618]. m MARGARET de Ros, daughter of WILLIAM de Ros & his wife Matilda de Vaux (-bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Margareta le Roos” as the wife of “Edwardus de Boon” and records that she was buried at Walden with her husband[619].

f) WILLIAM de Bohun (Caldecot [1312]-16 Sep 1360, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that King Edward III invested William as Earl of Northampton after the death of his brother John[620]. Earl of Northampton.

- see below.

g) ELEANOR de Bohun (-7 Oct 1363). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Eleanor married firstly (after the death of her father) “domino Jacobo le Botyler Hiberniæ”, who was created “comitem de Urmond” by King Edward III[621]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[622]. m firstly (1327) JAMES Butler, son of EDMUND Butler [Le Botiller] & his wife Joan FitzGerald of Kildare ([1305]-[Jan/Feb] 1338, bur Gowran, co. Kilkenny). He was created Earl of Ormond Oct 1328. m secondly (licence 24 Jan 1344, before 20 Apr 1344) THOMAS de Dagworth, son of JOHN de Dagworth of Dagworth, Suffolk & his wife Alice FitzWarin (after 1292-killed in battle Aurai, Brittany [Jul/Aug] 1350). He was created Lord Dagworth 13 Nov 1347.

h) MARGARET de Bohun (-16 Dec 1391, bur Exeter Cathedral). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the second Margaret married (after the death of her father) “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire”[623]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Ford Abbey records the marriage ”1325 III Id Aug” of “Hugonem tertium” and “dominæ Margaretæ filiæ comitis Herefordiæ domini Humphredi de Bohun”, adding that her mother was “dominam Elizabetham…regis…Edwardi…primi filiam”[624]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[625]. m (contract [1314/15], 11 Aug 1325) HUGH de Courtenay, son of HUGH de Courtenay Lord Courtenay [later Earl of Devon] & his wife Agnes de St John (12 Jul 1303-2 May 1377, bur Exeter Cathedral). He was summoned to parliament 23 Apr 1337, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. He succeeded his father in 1340 as Earl of Devon.

i) ENEAS de Bohun ([1313/15]-Kimbolton [29 Sep] 1331, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Eneas died after his father and was buried “apud Waldene”[626]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud ---” of “Eneas” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[627]. He is mentioned in his father's will, but deceased in the 19 Jan 1344 ordination of the chantry of his brother William[628]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1331 circa festum sancti Michaelis…apud Kymbolton” of “Æneas de Bohun” and his burial at Walden[629].

j) ISABEL de Bohun (Quendon [5] May 1316-young, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Isabel died young[630]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Quenden” of “quædam filia” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ” during whose birth her mother died, and in a later passage the burial of mother and child at Walden[631].

2. [MARGERY de Bohun ([1276/80]-after 1306). There is doubt about the identity of this person. Her parentage and two marriages are indicated by the following document which suggests that Margery married firstly “Robert de W---“ and secondly “Theobald de Verdun”. In connection with a lawsuit in Easter Term 1306, an edited extract states that “Theobald de Verdun” (“Tebaud de Verdone”) vouched to the Earl of Hereford that his father Humphrey (“un Umfrey sun pere”) had given “the tenements [unspecified] demanded to Robert de W. [unidentified] in frank-marriage with Margery his daughter” (“les tenements demaundez a Robert de W. en franc-mariage ove Margerie sa fille”)[632]. This edited extract is difficult to understand, particularly because the parties to the lawsuit, the property in question, and the precise nature of the claim are not specified. Logically, the “Earl of Hereford” should have been the earl then living [Humphrey [VIII] de Bohun], particularly because the extract also includes a reply on the earl’s behalf aiming to indicate that the gift was void by stating that “for fifteen years before this charter was made Humphrey our father had nothing in the tenements”. If that is correct, the earl’s father was Humphrey [VII] de Bohun, who was born in [1249] and died in 1298. In that case, Margery could not have been born before [1276/80] and, assuming that she married Theobald [I] de Verdun as her second husband, could not have been the same person as Theobald’s wife Margery who is named in 1276. The conclusion of the lawsuit appears to have been (according to the edited extract) that the deed was admitted and therefore Theobald and Margery “were seised [of the tenements] on the day of the making thereof and Robert was never seised”. This appears to make little sense if the edited extract correctly reflects the ‘voucher’. Another problem is the identity of “Tebaud de Verdone”. Logic suggests that he was Theobald [I], who was then head of the family. If that is correct, the property subject of the 1306 lawsuit was probably Bisley, Gloucestershire, noted in the inquisitions following his death as “held in free marriage of the earl of Hereford”. However, Bisley was not mentioned in the 1316 inquisitions following the death of Theobald [II] de Verdun, son of Theobald [I]. This omission could support the hypothesis of Theobald [I]’s second marriage, as Theobald [II] would not have inherited the property if Margery de Bohun was not his mother, unless he sold or otherwise disposed of it between 1309 and 1316. m [firstly] ROBERT de W---, son of ---. [m secondly [as his second wife,] THEOBALD [I] de Verdun Lord Verdun, son of JOHN de Verdun & his first wife Margery de Lacy ([1248]-Alton 24 Aug 1309, bur Croxden).]

WILLIAM de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [VIII] de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his wife Elizabeth of England (Caldecot [1312]-16 Sep 1360, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that King Edward III invested William as Earl of Northampton after the death of his brother John[633]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Caldecot” of “duo gemelli…Edwardus et Willielmus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[634]. Twin with his brother Edward. He was created Earl of Northampton 16 Mar 1337. His brother Humphrey granted him the office of Constable of England for life 12 Jun 1338[635]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “Willielmus de Bohun…comes Northamtoniæ et constabularius Angliæ” 16 Sep 1350 (an error in the document, corrected when the text records the death of William’s brother Humphrey in 1361 “unum annum, unum mensem et quinque dies” after his brother died) and his burial “apud Waldene”[636].

m (licence 1335) as her second husband, ELIZABETH de Badlesmere, widow of EDMUND [II] Mortimer Lord Mortimer, daughter of BARTHOLOMEW de Badlesmere Lord Badlesmere & his wife Margaret de Clare ([1313]-after 31 May 1356, bur London Dominican Church). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the marriage of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”, previously married to “domino Edmundo de Mortuomari”[637]. The will of "Elizabeth de Bohun Countess of Northampton", dated 31 May 1356 and made “with the leave of my husband”, chose burial “in the quire of the church of the Friars Preachers, London”, bequeathed property to “Humphrey my son...Elizabeth my daughter...my sister the Countess of Oxford...my sister Roos...Agnes Devereux, John Avenell, Richard Waldegrave”[638].

Earl William & his wife had two children:

1. HUMPHREY [X] de Bohun (25 Mar 1342-16 Jan 1373, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus undecimus et una filia…Elizabetha” as the children of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and his wife “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”[639]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” succeeded his uncle[640]. The will of "Elizabeth de Bohun Countess of Northampton", dated 31 May 1356, bequeathed property to “Humphrey my son...Elizabeth my daughter...my sister the Countess of Oxford...my sister Roos...Agnes Devereux, John Avenell, Richard Waldegrave”[641]. He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of Northampton. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[642]. He succeeded his uncle in 1361 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford, of Essex and of Northampton and Constable of England", dated 12 Dec 1372, proved 15 May 1373, chose burial “in the church of the abbey of Walden”, appointed among his executors “...Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Johanna my...wife...”[643]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1372 VII die Jan” of “Humfredus de Bohun” and his burial at Walden[644]. m (after 9 Sep 1359) JOAN FitzAlan, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster ([1347]-7 Apr 1419, bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the marriage of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”[645]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus undecimus” married “Johannam filiam Richardi comitis Arundeliæ et de Surreia”[646]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford, of Essex and of Northampton and Constable of England", dated 12 Dec 1372, proved 15 May 1373, chose burial “in the church of the abbey of Walden”, appointed among his executors “...Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Johanna my...wife...”[647]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[648]. The will of "John de Arundel Knt", dated 26 Nov 1379, bequeathed property to “Eleanor my wife...Joane my daughter...each of my sons and daughters...my brother the Earl of Arundel...the Countess of Hereford my sister”[649]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “VII Id Apr 1419” of “Johanna filia comitis Arundel” and her burial with her husband at Walden[650]. Humphrey [X] & his wife had two children:

a) ELEANOR de Bohun ([1366]-Minoresses’ Convent, Aldgate, London 3 Oct 1399, bur Westminster Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alianoram…et Mariam” as the two daughters of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and his wife “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”, adding that Eleanor was wife of “domino Thomæ de Woodstock…regis Angliæ Edwardi tertii filio, duci Gloucestriæ et comiti Buckinghamiæ”[651]. The will of "Eleanor Duchess of Gloucester, Countess of Essex", dated 9 Aug 1399, chose burial “in the church of the abbey of Westminster...near the body of my...husband Thomas Duke of Gloucester and seventh son of King Edward the Third”, bequeathed property to “my...mother the Countess of Hereford...my son Humphrey...my daughter Anne...my daughter Johanne...my daughter Isabel sister to the...Minoresses”[652]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1399 V Non Oct” of “Elianora ducissa Gloucestriæ” and her burial at Westminster[653]. m (before 8 Feb 1376) THOMAS of Woodstock, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 7 Jan 1356-murdered Prince’s Inn, Calais 8/9 Sep 1397, bur Pleshy, Essex, Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity). He was recognised as Constable of England, de iure uxoris. He was created Earl of Buckingham 16 Jul 1377. He succeeded as Earl of Essex 22 Jun 1380, in right of his wife after she came of age. He was created Duke of Gloucester 6 Aug 1385.

b) MARY de Bohun ([1369/70]-Peterborough Castle 4 Jun 1394, bur Leicester, St Mary’s Church, later removed to Trinity Hospital Leicester). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alianoram…et Mariam” as the two daughters of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and his wife “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”, adding that Mary was wife of “Henrici comiti de Derbi, domini Johannes de Gant ducis Lancastriæ filio”[654]. She died in childbirth. m (Rochford, Essex or Arundel Castle, Sussex [20 Jul 1380/10 Feb 1381]) as his first wife, HENRY "of Bolingbroke" Earl of Derby, son of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire [3] Apr 1367-Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster Abbey 20 Mar 1413, bur Canterbury Cathedral). He was created Earl of Northampton and Earl of Hereford in right of his wife 22 Dec 1384. He succeeded in 1399 as HENRY IV King of England.

2. ELIZABETH de Bohun (-3 Apr 1385, bur Lewes). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus undecimus et una filia…Elizabetha” as the children of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and his wife “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”, adding that Elizabeth married “Richardo filio et hærede [Richardi] comitis Arundeliæ”[655]. The will of "Elizabeth de Bohun Countess of Northampton", dated 31 May 1356, bequeathed property to “Humphrey my son...Elizabeth my daughter...my sister the Countess of Oxford...my sister Roos...Agnes Devereux, John Avenell, Richard Waldegrave”[656]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[657]. m (contract 28 Sep 1359, Papal dispensation Sep 1359) as his first wife, RICHARD FitzAlan, son of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster (1346-beheaded Cheapside 21 Sep 1397, bur Church of the Augustine Friars, Bread Street, London). He succeeded his father in 1376 as Earl of Arundel.

Chapter 3. HUNTINGDON

The earldom of Huntingdon was linked to Northampton from the 11th century and both enjoyed a special connection with Northumberland. Huntingdon appears to have been part of the domains held by Harold Godwinson (later Harold II King of England) in 1051 but was granted soon afterwards to Siward Earl of Northumbria (see ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY). When Earl Siward died in 1055, the earldom of Northampton was granted, with Northumbria, to Tostig Godwinson. Waltheof, son of Earl Siward, became Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in succession to Earl Tostig after the latter was banished in Oct 1065. While no evidence has been found which confirms that Waltheof opposed the Norman conquest, he was taken to Normandy in 1067 when his earldom was presumably forfeited. He submitted to William I King of England in Jan 1070 and his earldom returned, this being the only example of a pre-conquest earldom being restored to the non-Norman pre-conquest holder of the title. The earldom was presumably forfeited again after Earl Waltheof's rebellion in 1075, but was restored in favour of his son-in-law Simon de Senlis in [1087/90], although the Complete Peerage cites no evidence for the grant[658]. The earldom passed to David I King of Scotland when he married Earl Simon's widow in 1113, passing over the legitimate heir who was Earl Simon's infant son, and to King David's son Henry in 1136. The Northumberland connection was reinforced when King Stephen alienated Huntingdon to David I King of Scotland as part of the peace treaty between the two countries in 1139 which followed the battle of the Standard. Empress Matilda's [1142] charter to Aubrey de Vere, concerning his own elevation to the peerage, suggests that Cambridgeshire was also considered within the same sphere of influence as Huntingdon, as she accorded the earldom of Cambridgeshire to Aubrey "unless that county were held by the King of the Scots"[659]. In addition, David of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon was recognised as Earl of Cambridge by receiving the third penny of the county on 23 May 1205[660]. During the English civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, the king of Scotland supported the latter and it appears that the earldom was forfeited yet again. In [1140/41], Simon de Senlis, son of the earlier Earl Simon, was created Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton by King Stephen, regularising the succession to the earldom. The rightful heir was by-passed a second time in 1157 when Henry II King of England granted the earldom to Malcolm IV King of Scotland. Simon de Senlis was recognised as earl in 1174, but after his death in 1185 the earldom passed once more to the Scottish royal family.

A. EARLS of HUNTINGDON 1070-1075 (family of WALTHEOF of NORTHUMBRIA)

WALTHEOF , son of SIWARD Earl of Northumbria & his wife Ælfled of Northumbria (-executed St Giles's Hill, Winchester 31 May 1076, bur Crowland Abbey[661]). His parentage is recorded by Roger of Hoveden[662]. Matthew Paris specifies that he was the son of Siward, of Danish origin [663]. Snorre names “Earl Valthiof”, although stating that he was the son of “Earl Gudin Ulfnadson” and “Earl Ulf’s sister Gyda”[664]. He was installed as Earl of Huntingdon and Northamptonshire after Tostig Godwinson was banished in Oct 1065. Snorre recounts that “Earl Morukare and…Earl Valthiof” failed to prevent Harald III King of Norway after landing on the river Humber in 1066 in a battle “upon the Wednesday next Mathias’ day”, adding that “Earl Valthiof…fled up to the castle of York”[665]. Snorre also recounts that “Earl Valthiof” took part in the battle of Hastings and “escaped by flight”, seriously condensing his account of Waltheof’s subsequent career when he adds that King William “sent a message to Earl Valthiof that they should be reconciled” but that he was captured “at a heath north of Kastala-bryggia…put…in fetters and afterwards he was beheaded”[666]. Snorre’s narrative includes two fragments of a poem in praise of Waltheof, presumably written contemporarily with Waltheof’s life. Jonathan Allen suggests that Waltheof himself may have patronised an Icelandic skald (court poet) whose work was eventually passed through to Snorre, providing interesting evidence of the persistence of Scandinavian culture in England in the second half of the 11th century[667]. Florence of Worcester records that "Waltheofum Siwardi ducis filius" went with King William to Normandy 21 Feb [1067][668]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Stigandum archipræsulem, Edgarum Adelinum Eduardi regis consobrinum et tres...comites: Eduinum, Morcarum et Guallevum, Egelnodum quoque Cantuariensem satrapam” accompanied King William to Normandy, dated to 1067 from the context[669]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Suenus rex Danorum” sent a fleet led by “duos...filios suos et Osbernum fratrem suum” to attack England, that they were repulsed at Dover, Sandwich and Ipswich, and at Norwich by “Radulfus de Guader”, that they were joined by “Adelinus, Guallevus, Siguardus” but defeated on the Humber, entered York headed by “Guallevus...Gaius Patricius, Marius Suenus, Elnocinus, Archillus et quatuor filii Karoli” but were eventually expelled, dated to 1069, a later passage adding that “Guallevus præsens et Gaius Patricius absens” made peace with King William at the river Tees[670]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Northamtoniæ" to "Guallevo comiti filio Sivardi" and "Judith neptem suam" in marriage[671]. Simeon of Durham records that "Waltheu the son of earl Siward…by Elfleda daughter of Earl Aldred" was installed as Earl of Northumberland after the earldom was confiscated from Gospatrick [in 1072][672]. Earl Waltheof joined the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford against King William in 1075, repented and asked for the king's pardon, but was tried at Westminster at Christmas 1075, imprisoned at Winchester and, after the trial resumed there, beheaded[673]. Florence of Worcester records that "comitumque Waltheofum" joined the conspiracy of William Earl of Hereford and Ralph Earl of Norfolk in [1074] but was tried and beheaded at Winchester the following year[674].

m (1070) JUDITH de Lens, daughter of LAMBERT de Boulogne Comte de Lens & his wife Adelais de Normandie (1054-after 1086). Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Northamtoniæ" to "Guallevo comiti filio Sivardi" and "Judith neptem suam" in marriage[675]. A manuscript records that “Juditha comitissa…uxor Waldevi comitis Huntingdon, et neptis Gulielmi Conquestoris” founded Elstow priory[676]. Her parentage is further clarified by the foundation charter of Saint-Martin d’Auchy narrates the church’s foundation by “Guerinfrido qui condidit castellum…Albamarla” and names “Engueranni consulis qui filius fuit Berte supradicti Guerinfridi filie et Adelidis comitisse uxoris sue sororis…Willelmi Regis Anglorum” and “Addelidis comitissa supradicti Engueranni et supradicte Adelidis filia…Judita comitissa domine supradicte filia”[677]. The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis records that “Waldevus” married “rex Willelmus…neptem suam Juettam filiam comitis Lamberti de Lens, sororem…Stephani comitis de Albemarlia”[678]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Judith uxoris suæ" betrayed “Guallevus comes” to the king in relation to the conspiracy with the earls of Hereford and Norfolk of which he was accused[679].

Earl Waltheof & his wife had two children:

1. MATILDA [Matilda] of Huntingdon ([1071/74]-[23 Apr 1130/22 Apr 1131], bur Scone Abbey, Perthshire). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Matilda eldest daughter of Judith and "Earl Simon[680]. Orderic Vitalis records that David King of Scotland married “filiam...Guallevi comitis et Judith consobrinæ regis” who brought him “binosque comitatus Northamtonæ et Huntendonæ” which “Simon Silvanectensis comes” had possessed with her[681]. Robert of Torigny records that the wife of "David [rex Scotiæ] frater [Alexandri]" was "filiam Gallevi comitis et Judith consobrini regis", naming "Symon Silvanectensis comes" as her first husband[682]. "Matilde comitisse, Henrico filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1120] under which "David comes filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum" founded the abbey of Selkirk[683]. "Matildis comitissa…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow[684]. m firstly ([1090]) SIMON de Senlis [Saint Lis], son of RANOUL "le Riche" & his wife --- (-Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire [1111], bur Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire). Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton de iure uxoris. m secondly (1113) DAVID of Scotland Prince of Cumbria, son of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland & his wife Margaret of England ([1080]-Carlisle 24 May 1153, bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife). Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon de iure uxoris. He succeeded his brother in 1124 as DAVID I King of Scotland.

2. ADELISA of Huntingdon ([1073/76]-after [1126]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her marriage and names her two sons and indicates she had "several daughters" without naming them[685]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Alice younger daughter of Judith and "Rodolph de Tournay", her dowry being "the lordship of Wilchamstowe"[686]. She inherited Walthamstow, Essex[687]. “Aliz de Toeni” donated "ecclesiam de Welcomstowe" to “ecclesiæ S. Trinitatis Lond.”, for the soul of “Hugonis de Toeni filii mei qui ibidem jacet sepultus…Radulphi de Toeni mariti mei…et pro incolumitate filiorum meorum Rogeri de Toeni et Simonis et filiæ meæ Isabellæ", by undated charter[688]. m (1103) RAOUL de Tosny Seigneur de Tosny et de Conques, son of RAOUL [II] de Tosny & his wife Isabelle de Montfort (-[1126], bur Conques Saint-Pierre).

B. EARLS of HUNTINGDON (family of SIMON de SENLIS)

SIMON de Senlis [Saint Lis], son of RANOUL "le Riche" & his wife --- (-Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire [1111], bur Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire). A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew’s Priory, Northampton records that “duo fratres…Garnerius dictus le Ryche et Simon de Seynlyz filii Raundoel le Ryche” accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England[689]. He was created Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in [1087/90] after his marriage, presumably de iure uxoris, although his late father-in-law's earldom must have been forfeited in [1075] implying that a new grant would have been necessary. He witnessed a charter to Bath Abbey as "Earl Simon" in 1090[690]. He built the castle of Northampton. “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew’s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[691]. "…Symonis comitis…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[692]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew’s Priory, Northampton records that Simon died “apud Caritatem” while returning from a journey to “terram sanctam” and was buried there[693].

m ([1087/90]) as her first husband, MATILDA [Matilda] of Huntingdon, daughter of WALTHEOF Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Judith de Lens [Boulogne] ([1071/76]-[23 Apr 1130/22 Apr 1131], bur Scone Abbey, Perthshire). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Matilda eldest daughter of Judith and "Earl Simon[694]. She married secondly (1113) David of Scotland Prince of Cumbria, who succeeded in 1124 as David I King of Scotland. Orderic Vitalis records that David King of Scotland married “filiam...Guallevi comitis et Judith consobrinæ regis” who brought him “binosque comitatus Northamtonæ et Huntendonæ” which “Simon Silvanectensis comes” had possessed with her[695]. Robert of Torigny records that the wife of "David [rex Scotiæ] frater [Alexandri]" was "filiam Gallevi comitis et Judith consobrini regis", naming "Symon Silvanectensis comes" as her first husband[696]. "Matilde comitisse, Henrico filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1120] under which "David comes filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum" founded the abbey of Selkirk[697]. "Matildis comitissa…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow[698].

Earl Simon & his wife had four children:

1. SIMON de Senlis (-Aug 1153, bur St Andrew's Priory). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[699]. He was restored as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton [before 1141].

- see below.

2. WALTHEOF de Senlis (-3 Aug 1159[700]). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[701]. "…Waldef filio Reginæ…" witnessed a charter dated to [1128] by which "David…Rex Scottorum" made grants to the church of St John in the castle of Roxburgh[702]. Prior of Kirkham. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Thornton Abbey records that it was founded in 1139 by “Willielmus Grose comes Albermarliæ”, and that “cognati sui Wallevi, prioris de Kyrkham…fratris Simonis comitis Northamtoniæ” arranged the arrival of the first monks[703]. The relationship between the two was through Judith de Lens, maternal grandmother of Waltheof, who was uterine sister of Guillaume’s father. The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis names “Simonem, Waldevum et Matildam” as the children of “comes…Simon…ex Mathilda comitissa”, adding that Waltheof was "postea…abbas de Malros"[704]. The Chronicle of Melrose records that he was installed as second abbot of Melrose in 1148[705].

3. MATILDA de Senlis (-[1157/63]). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[706]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Daventre priory records that “Symonis de Seynliz” had two sisters “quarum una…Matildis Seynliz” married “Robertus filius Ricardi”[707]. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the marriage in 1112 of “Robertus filius Ricardi” and “Matildam de Sancto Lisio”, although the dating of events in this source appears shaky[708]. The Complete Peerage records her second marriage, citing Hatton’s Book of Seals for “proof of this marriage”, and in a later passage that “her charter of dower lands in Essex and London, bearing her seal, is witnessed by her sons Walter FitzRobert and Saher”[709]. The 1157/58 Pipe Roll records "Matildi de Seinliz" in Essex and Hertfordshire under "Nova Placita & Noue Conuentiones", suggesting that this related to her dower land soon after the death of her husband[710]. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the death in 1140 of “Matildis de Sancto Licio uxor Roberti filii Ricardi”, although the dating of events in this source appears shaky[711]. m firstly ([1112]) ROBERT FitzRichard de Clare Lord of Dunmow, son of RICHARD Lord of Clare and Tonbridge & his wife Rohese Giffard (-[1134], bur Priory of St Neot). m secondly (1136) SAHER [I] de Quincy, son of --- (-[1156/58]).

4. daughter . A manuscript narrating the foundation of Daventre priory records that “Symonis de Seynliz” had two sisters “quarum una…Matildis Seynliz” married “Robertus filius Ricardi”, but does not name the second sister[712].

SIMON de Senlis, son of SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon & his wife Matilda of Huntingdon (-Aug 1153, bur St Andrew's Priory). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[713]. After his father died, he was passed over as earl in favour of his stepfather. However, he was restored as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton [before 1141] by Stephen King of England for whom he fought at Lincoln in Feb 1141[714]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew’s Priory, Northampton records that “Simon de Seynlyz junior” founded “abbatiam beatæ Mariæ de Pratis juxta Northampton”[715]. A charter of King Edward III confirmed the donations to the Abbey of De la Pre, founded by “Simon comes de Norhamtona”, for the soul of “Gervasii Paynel fratris mei”, by undated charter[716]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ"[717]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “comes de Norhamptone” died in 1153[718].

m as her first husband, ISABELLE de Beaumont, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester & his wife Amicie de Gaël . Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Legecestriæ" but does not name her[719]. "R. comes Legrecestrie" granted tithes to "Isabele comitisse de Norhamtone sororis mee" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[720]. "I. comitissa Northamptonie" donated land at Groby to Nuneaton priory, for the souls of "patris mei et fratris mei R. comitis Legrecestrie" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[721]. She married secondly Gervase Paynell Baron of Dudley. Her second marriage is confirmed by charter dated 1187 under which “Gervasius Paganellus” donated property to Tykford Priory, with the consent of “uxoris meæ Isabellæ comitissæ de Norhamton”, which names “Fulcodius Paganellus avus meus et Radulfus Paganellus pater meus”, witnessed by “Simone comite Northamptoniæ, Isabella comitissa matre eius”[722].

Earl Simon & his wife had four children:

1. SIMON de Senlis ([1138]-Jun 1184, bur St Andrew's Priory). The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis names “Simonem de Senliz tercium et duas filias…Amicia et Hawisia” as the children of “comes…Simon…[et] Ysabellam comitissam, filiam Roberti comitis Leicestrie”[723]. Robert of Torigny records that "Symon filius eius" succeeded on the death in 1153 of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ"[724]. He was recognised as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in 1174. “Simon comes de Norhamtonia” donated property to Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire by charter dated 28 Mar 1175, witnessed by “Simon fratre comitis…”[725]. m ALICE de Gand, daughter of GILBERT de Gand Earl of Lincoln & his wife Rohese de Clare (-1238, bur Bridlington). Robert of Torigny records that "filiam eius unicam [Gisleberti de Gant]" married "Symon iuvenis filius comitis Symonis"[726]. The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Aliciam” as the daughter of ”Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simon de Monteforti comes Noramtoniæ”[727]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family names “Aliciam” as the daughter of “Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simoni de sancto Licio, comiti Huntingtoniæ et Northamptoniæ”, died childless, and was buried “apud Bredlinton”[728]. "A. comitissa Norhamtunie filia Gilleberti comes Lincolnie" confirmed the donation of land in Scampton to Kirkstead abbey by "Radulfus filius Gilleberti", for the health of "sponsi mei Simonis comitis", by charter dated to early in the reign of King Henry II[729]. Simon & his wife had two children:

a) GUNNOR . The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Gonorram” as the daughter of “Simon de Monteforti comes Noramtoniæ” and his wife Alice, adding that she died without heirs[730].

b) SIMON de Senlis (-young). “Simon de sancto Licio frater comitis Symonis” donated property to the Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, for the soul of “Symonis nepotis mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “comitissa Adelyz de Gaund…”[731].

2. AMICE de Senlis . The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis names “Simonem de Senliz tercium et duas filias…Amicia et Hawisia” as the children of “comes…Simon…[et] Ysabellam comitissam, filiam Roberti comitis Leicestrie”[732].

3. HAWISE de Senlis . The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis names “Simonem de Senliz tercium et duas filias…Amicia et Hawisia” as the children of “comes…Simon…[et] Ysabellam comitissam, filiam Roberti comitis Leicestrie”[733].

4. ISABELLE de Senlis . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated to [1158/74] under which [her brother] "Comes Simon" confirmed to "Willelmo Malduit camerario domini regis et Isabelle uxori sue" the land "in Grendon…" which "comes Simon pater meus dedit Willelmo Malduit et Isabelle uxori sue in libero maritagio"[734]. m WILLIAM [III] Mauduit of Hanslope, son of WILLIAM [II] Mauduit & his wife Matilda of Hanslope (-2 Oct 1194, bur Waverley Abbey).

Earl Simon had one [probably illegitimate] son [by an unknown mistress]:

5. SIMON de Senlis (-after 28 Mar 1175). “Simon comes de Norhamtonia” donated property to Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire by charter dated 28 Mar 1175, witnessed by “Simon fratre comitis…”[735]. “Simon de sancto Licio frater comitis Symonis” donated property to the Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, for the soul of “Symonis nepotis mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “comitissa Adelyz de Gaund…”[736]. It is assumed that Simon was illegitimate, which appears to be the most likely explanation for his having the same name as his brother the Earl of Huntingdon.

Chapter 4. KENT

William I King of England rewarded his half-brother Eudes for his help in preparing the Norman invasion of England by granting him extensive lands and creating him Earl of Kent in 1067. His earldom was forfeited twice, in 1082 and 1088, following his rebellions. The earldom of Kent was not granted again until 1227 when Hubert de Burgh was created earl by King Henry III. After the death of Earl Hubert in 1243 the earldom remained vacant for another 80 years before it was granted by King Edward II to his half-brother Edmund of Woodstock.

A. EARL of KENT 1067-1088 (family of HERLUIN de CONTEVILLE)

1. EUDES [Odo], son of HERLUIN Vicomte de Conteville & his first wife Herleve --- ([1036/38]-[Antioch/Palermo] [2/6] Jan 1097, bur Palermo Cathedral). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Herleva Fulberti cubicularii ducis filia” as the mother of “Willelmus...ex concubina Roberti ducis...natus“, and that after Duke Robert died “Herluinus...miles” married her by whom he had “duos filios Odonem et Robertum”[737]. The birth date of Eudes is estimated on the assumption that Guillaume of Jumièges is correct (which is not beyond all doubt). Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume Duke of Normandy granted “multis honoribus in Normannia et Anglia” to “Herluinus...de Contavilla...filios eius: Radulfus, quem de alia conjuge procreaverat, fratresque suos uterinos: Odonis et Rodbertum”[738]. Florence of Worcester names Eudes as the brother of King William I "but only on his mother's side"[739]. Bishop of Bayeux 1050 (when Eudes must have been an adolescent, assuming that his birth date is correctly estimated as shown above). Guillaume of Jumièges records that, after the death of “Hugo filius Rodulphi comitis Baiocensis episcopus”, Guillaume II Duke of Normandy appointed “Odoni fratri suo” to the bishopric of Bayeux, a position he held for nearly 50 years[740]. Orderic Vitalis records that his half-brother invested him as Bishop of Bayeux on the death of Bishop Hugues, son of Raoul d'Ivry Comte de Bayeux, dated to 1050[741]. He is said to have taken an active part in the preparation of the Norman invasion of England and was present at the battle of Hastings 23 Oct 1066. His half-brother William I King of England rewarded him with a grant of over 500 manors in England and created him Earl of Kent in 1067[742]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William installed “Guillermum Osberni filium” at his new fortress at Winchester (“intra mœnia Guentæ”) and appointed him “vice sua toti regno versus Aquilonem”, while he granted “Doveram...totamque Cantiam” to “Odoni fratri suo”, and thus he entrusted “his duobus præfecturam Angliæ”, seconded by “Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio et Hugonem de Monteforti, Guillelmumque de Garenna”, dated to 1067[743]. He was one of the leaders of the force which suppressed the rebellion of the earls of Norfolk and Hereford in 1075[744]. He began scheming to become Pope, sending great gifts to influential men in Rome, but was arrested by King William and sent to Normandy where he was a prisoner in Rouen between 1082 and 1087[745]. He was released by King William on his deathbed[746]. Although King William II restored Eudes to his earldom, he was one of the leaders of the rebellion in 1088 which sought to put Robert Duke of Normandy on the English throne[747]. He was banished from England and all his honors and possessions were forfeited. He became chief adviser to Duke Robert in Normandy[748]. Orderic Vitalis records that Bishop Eudes died “in urbem Panormitanam, quam vulgo Palernam vocant” and that “Gislebertus Ebroicensis episcopus” buried him “in metropolitana sanctæ Dei genetricis Mariæ basilica”, adding that he had been appointed “ab adolescentia sua” (which supports that the theory that he was born after the death of Robert II Duke of Normandy, as discussed above)[749]. William of Malmesbury records that he left on the First Crusade with Robert III Duke of Normandy and died “Antiochiæ, in obsidione Christianorum”[750]. The necrology of Jumièges records the death 2 Jan of “Odo episcopus”[751].

B. EARL of KENT 1227-1243 (HUBERT de Burgh)

---. Ellis suggests that the father of Hubert de Burgh was Walter de Burgh, of Burgh-next-Aylsham, Norfolk[752].

m ALICE, daughter of --- (-bur Walsingham). The Complete Peerage quotes a charter, dated to [1230], under which her son Hubert de Burgh donated the advowson of Oulton church, Norfolk to Walsingham for the soul of "Alice my mother who rests in the church of Walsingham"[753].

--- de Burgh & his wife had six children:

1. WILLIAM de Burgh (-[1205/06]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 7 Oct 1234 which records payment of a fine by his son "Richard de Burgh" for return of land in Connaught which had been confiscated from him "the strife with Hubert de Burgh Earl of Kent his uncle"[754]. Lord of Connaught.

- LORDS of CONNAUGHT.

2. HUBERT de Burgh (-Banstead, Surrey 12 May 1243, bur London, Church of the Black Friars[755]). He was appointed Chamberlain to John Comte de Mortain (the future John King of England) in or before 1198, holding the office until 1205 except for a brief interlude after the return of King Richard I and before the latter's death. He was seriously wounded at the siege of castle of Chinon in Normandy in 1205, which may account for the loss of his public offices and his temporary disappearance from the records. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Hubertus de Burgo" holding 15 knights’ fees in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][756]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Hubertus de Burgo" holding 17 knights’ fees "cum hærede R. de Bello Campo" in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][757]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Hubertus de Burgo" held "Stok de domino rege cum herede Roberti de Bello Campo per servicium ii militum de feodo Moretonie…hundredum de Tinterell" in Somerset[758]. As Hubert at that date still appears to have been married to Beatrice de Warenne, it is assumed that he was holding these knights’ fees by virtue of the right to arrange the marriage of the heiress, not that he was married to her himself. He remained a powerful supporter of King John, siding with the king against the barons at the signing of Magna Carta in 1215. He successfully defended Dover Castle against Louis de France who had invaded England in 1216, and was a party to the treaty of peace made with Louis 11 Sep 1217 before he left England. Hubert became the most powerful official in England during the minority of King Henry III and was created Earl of Kent 19 Feb 1227 immediately after the king came of age. His downfall came in 1232, when he was deprived of his earldom and imprisoned in the Tower. He was pardoned and restored in 1234, but thereafter took little part in public life[759]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "III Id Mai" of "Hubertus de Burgo comes Cantiæ"[760]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1243 of “Hubertus de Burgo apud Banstude, comes de Kent”[761]. Betrothed (agreement confirmed 28 Apr 1200) to JOAN de Vernon, daughter of WILLIAM de Vernon [Reviers] Earl of Devon & his wife Mabile de Meulan (-after 1233). "Hubertus Camarerius" paid a fine for his agreement with "com Devon de maritanda sui Joha fil ipsius comitis", dated 1200[762]. A charter dated 28 Apr 1200 confirmed the marriage contract between "Willm de Vernon comes Devon…Johe filie ipsius comitis junioris" and "Hub de Burgo dni Regis camerarium", confirming that "honoris sui in Devon cum castello de Plinton" had been allocated to "filie sue priori natu" while "insula de Wicth et Cristeschirche" were assigned to the younger daughter[763]. m firstly (after 1205) as her third husband, BEATRICE de Warenne, widow firstly of RALPH, and secondly of DOON Bardolf Lord of Shelford, daughter of WILLIAM de Warenne of Wormegay, Norfolk & his first wife Beatrix de Pierrepont (-before 12 Dec 1214). Her second and third marriages are confirmed by a receipt dated 22 Jul 1227 for payment of a fine by Hubert de Burgh for "Beatrice de Warenna late his wife, by whom he had children" to have the lands of "William de Warenna her father and…her dower of the lands of Dodo Bardolf, formerly her husband"[764]. Her third marriage is suggested by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 recording that "Gaufridus de Merlai" held "quoddam feodum in Illington" in Norfolk "de Huberto de Burgo per heredum Willelmi de Warenne uxorem suam", adding that Henry II King of England had granted the property to "Reginaldo de Warrenn"[765]. m secondly ([Sep] 1217) as her third husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, divorced wife (firstly) of JOHN King of England and widow (secondly) of GEOFFREY de Mandeville Earl of Essex, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiæ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliæ”[766]. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband, who died a rebel. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ”[767]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriæ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[768]. m thirdly (Berwick 1 Aug or York Jun 1221, divorced 1232) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (1193-1259, bur London, Church of the Black Friars). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1221 of "Hubertus de Burgo, justiciarius Angliæ" and "sororem regis Scotiæ apud Sanctum Trinitatum Londoniis"[769]. The Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie records the marriage "in die Sancti Petri ad vincula apud Bereuicum" of "Marioriam sororem suam Alexander rex" and "comiti de Pendburghe, marescallo Anglie"[770]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius domini regis” married “filiam regis [Scotiæ]” in 1222[771]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” divorced his third wife in 1232, because she was “consanguinea” of his second wife “comitissæ Gloverniæ”, in a prolonged and difficult lawsuit[772]. A writ dated 25 Nov "44 Hen III", after the death of "Margaret countess of Kent" names "John de Burgo alias de Burk of full age is her heir"[773]. An undated writ, after the death of "Margaret countess of Kent", clarifies that "she died without heir of her body and…manors ought to revert to John de Burgo aged 40 and more, son and heir of Hubert de Burgo sometime her husband…"[774]. Earl Hubert & his first wife had one child:

a) JOHN de Burgh (-before 1 Dec 1274). He was excluded from succeeding his father as Earl of Kent by the terms of the creation of the earldom, succession to which was limited to the issue of his father's third marriage[775]. A writ dated 25 Nov "44 Hen III", after the death of "Margaret countess of Kent" names "John de Burgo alias de Burk of full age is her heir"[776]. An undated writ, after the death of "Margaret countess of Kent", clarifies that "she died without heir of her body and…manors ought to revert to John de Burgo aged 40 and more, son and heir of Hubert de Burgo sometime her husband…"[777]. “Johannes de Burgo” confirmed a donation to Colchester St. John made by “Hawisa de Lamualei filia Hugonis de Boclonde” by undated charter[778]. “Johannes de Burgo et Hawise uxoris mee” confirmed the donation of property “in villa de Herlestune” made to Colchester St. John by “Matildis de Lanusely mater Hawise uxoris mee” by undated charter[779]. A charter dated 1235 records a dispute a claim “Johannem de Burgo et Hawisiam uxorem eius” against the abbot of Colchester relating to revenue from “molendino de Nordmilne” and the agreed settlement which refers to “Johannes et Hauuisia et heredes ipsius Hauuisie”, the latter being unnamed[780]. “Johannes de Burgo filius Huberti de Burgo” donated property “juxta Grebbe in villa de Staneweye...” to Colchester St John by undated charter[781]. The Annals of Bermondsey record that King Henry III confirmed the donation by “Johannis filii Huberti de Burgo” of “manerio de Chalk” to the abbey in 1271[782]. A writ dated 1 Dec “3 Edw I”, after the death of "John de Burgo the elder", names "John de Burgo the younger...aged 40 and more is his next heir", records "Hallingebyri...manor...held of the king in chief of tyhe barony of Launvaly...of the inheritance of Hawis his wife", and names “Hubert de Burgo father of John de Burgo the elder”[783]. m HAWISE de Lanvalay, daughter of WILLIAM [IV] de Lanvalay & his wife Matilda Pecche ([1213/16]-after 1235). Bracton records a claim, dated 1232, by "Johannes de Burgo et Hawisia uxor eius" against "Willelmum de Bello Campo" claiming the return of "manerium de Brumlegha…hereditatem ipsius Hawisie" which had not been transferred to her after the death of "Gunnoram de Lanualay quondam uxorem suam" and which "Hawisia de Lamualay quondam uxor Willelmi de Lanualay…avie ipsius Hawisie" was granted as "dotem…de dono ipsius Willelmi quondam viri sui"[784]. “Johannes de Burgo et Hawise uxoris mee” confirmed the donation of property “in villa de Herlestune” made to Colchester St. John by “Matildis de Lanusely mater Hawise uxoris mee” by undated charter[785]. A charter dated 1235 records a dispute a claim “Johannem de Burgo et Hawisiam uxorem eius” against the abbot of Colchester relating to revenue from “molendino de Nordmilne” and the agreed settlement which refers to “Johannes et Hauuisia et heredes ipsius Hauuisie”, the latter being unnamed[786]. John & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN de Burgh ([before 1234]-before 3 Mar 1279). A writ after the death of "John de Burgo", dated "3 Mar 8 Edw I", records that he held "Wakerle…with the barony of Launvaley…Thingdene" and names his "three daughters, Dervorguilla whom Sir Robert son of Walter married, Hawis whom Sir Robert de Grelee married, and Margery who is a nun at Chikessaunt…his next heirs and of full age"[787]. Inquisitions after the death of "John de Burgo the younger", dated "15 Sep 12 Edw I", records that he held "the barony of Launvaley" and names his "two daughters and heirs, Dervergulla whom Robert son of Walter married, and Hawis whom Robert Greyll married"[788]. m CECILY Balliol, daughter of JOHN de Balliol of Barnard Castle, co Durham & his wife Devorguilla of Galloway (-[before 10 Apr 1273]). A charter of David II King of Scotland dated 15 May 1359 confirmed a donation by "Dervorgilla daughter of the late Alan of Galloway, in her widowhood" for founding the abbey of St Mary of Sweetheart, for the souls of "…John Baliol the granter’s lord and late spouse, Hugh his son and hers, Cicilia her daughter", stating that the abbey was founded 10 Apr 1273[789]. This document suggests, but does not state explicitly, that Cecily was deceased at the time of her mother’s donation. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. The estimated birth date of her daughter Devorguilla suggests that Cecily was her parents’ oldest daughter. John & his wife had three children:

(a) DEVORGUILLA de Burgh ([1255]-1284, bur Dunmow Priory). A writ after the death of "John de Burgo", dated "3 Mar 8 Edw I", records that he held "Wakerle…with the barony of Launvaley…Thingdene" and names his "three daughters, Dervorguilla whom Sir Robert son of Walter married, Hawis whom Sir Robert de Grelee married, and Margery who is a nun at Chikessaunt…his next heirs and of full age"[790]. Inquisitions after the death of "John de Burgo the younger", dated "15 Sep 12 Edw I", records that he held "the barony of Launvaley" and names his "two daughters and heirs, Dervergulla whom Robert son of Walter married, and Hawis whom Robert Greyll married"[791]. m (before 1275) as his first wife, ROBERT FitzWalter, son of WALTER FitzRobert & his wife Ida de Longespee of the Earls of Salisbury (Henham 1247-18 Jan 1326).

(b) HAWISE de Burgh . A writ after the death of "John de Burgo", dated "3 Mar 8 Edw I", records that he held "Wakerle…with the barony of Launvaley…Thingdene" and names his "three daughters, Dervorguilla whom Sir Robert son of Walter married, Hawis whom Sir Robert de Grelee married, and Margery who is a nun at Chikessaunt…his next heirs and of full age"[792]. Inquisitions after the death of "John de Burgo the younger", dated "15 Sep 12 Edw I", records that he held "the barony of Launvaley" and names his "two daughters and heirs, Dervergulla whom Robert son of Walter married, and Hawis whom Robert Greyll married"[793]. m (before Mar 1279) ROBERT de Grelle of Manchester, son of ROBERT Grelle & his wife ---. Hawise & her husband had three children:

(1) THOMAS de Grelle of Manchester (Sixhills, Lincolnshire 8 Aug 1279-before 11 Oct 1311). Became Baron Grelle 1308. m (before 2 Nov 1399) ---, sister of JOHN Wake, daughter of ---.

(2) JOAN de Grelle (-20/21 Mar 1353). m (soon after 19 Nov 1294) JOHN Lord La Warre, son of ROGER La Warre of Wickwar, Gloucestershire Lord La Warre & his wife Clarice Tregoz ([1276]-9 May 1347).

(3) ISABEL de Grelle (-before 8 Jul 1322). m JOHN de Gyse, son of ---. No issue.

(c) MARJORY de Burgh (-before 15 Sep 1284). A writ after the death of "John de Burgo", dated "3 Mar 8 Edw I", records that he held "Wakerle…with the barony of Launvaley…Thingdene" and names his "three daughters, Dervorguilla whom Sir Robert son of Walter married, Hawis whom Sir Robert de Grelee married, and Margery who is a nun at Chikessaunt…his next heirs and of full age"[794]. Nun at Chicksands Priory. She presumably died before the second set of inquisitions following her father’s death in which she is not named (see above).

Earl Hubert & his third wife had one child:

b) MARGARET de Burgh (1223-Nov 1237). She is named as daughter of Hubert de Burgh by Matthew Paris, who records the anger of King Henry III at her marriage with "Ricardus comes Gloverniæ" while she was in the king's custody[795]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1237 of "Ricardus heres comitatus Gloverniæ" and "Margaretam filiam Huberti de Burgo comitis Cantiæ" and their divorce immediately afterwards as the marriage had been arranged without the approval of the king[796]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Nov 1237 of “Margareta filia Huberti de Burgo”[797]. m (secretly 1237, divorced 1237) as his first wife, RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, son of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Hereford, Earl of Gloucester & his wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (4 Aug 1222-Ashenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury 15 Jul 1262, bur Tonbridge, transferred 28 Jul 1262 to Tewkesbury).

3. THOMAS de Burgh (-after 1216). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas de Burgo" holding two knights’ fees in "Burcg et Swafham…de honore Britanniæ" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][798]. Matthew Paris records that “Thomam de Burgo fratrem...Huberti” had been captured by Louis de France “in castro Norwici” and, together with “comes Saresberiensis W[illelmus]”, urged his brother’s surrender to Louis at Dover[799]. m ---. The name of Thomas's wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) THOMAS de Burgh (-after 1210). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas de Burgo filius Thomæ de Burgo" holding one half of one knight’s fee "de honore Britanniæ" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][800].

4. [son . The precise parentage of Raymond is not known. It is possible that his father was the same person as Thomas de Burgh (see above).] m ---. One child:

a) RAYMOND de Burgh of Dartford, Kent (-drowned 1230, bur Dover). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo…Remundus nepos eius” married “comitissam Essexiæ” in 1227[801]. “Reimundus de Burgo” confirmed the donation of property made to Colchester St. John by “Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawise uxoris eiusdem”, confirming the confirmation made by “Cristina de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe sponsa mea in...viduitate sua", by undated charter[802]. Matthew Paris records the death in 1230 of "Reimundus de Burgos nepos Huberti" while riding “super ripam Ligeris” when his horse slipped into the water[803]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1230 "submersus…in flumine Ligeri" of "Reymundus de Burgo"[804]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Remundus de Burgo” died in 1230[805]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “ultra mare mersus” of “Reimundus de Burgo” and his burial “apud Dovere”[806]. m ([9 Jan/15 May] 1227) as her second husband, CHRISTINE, widow of WILLIAM de Mandeville Earl of Essex, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-before 17 Jun 1232, bur Shouldham Priory). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo…Remundus nepos eius” married “comitissam Essexiæ” in 1227[807]. "Roger of Dauntsey and Matilda countess of Hereford, sister and heiress of William de Mandeville formerly earl of Essex" made a fine "for Matilda’s relief and for having seisin of the lands formerly of the same W. earl of Essex", saving "to Reymund de Burgh and Christiana his wife, the dower of Christiana…from the lands formerly of William earl of Essex", dated 29 Oct 1227[808]. An order dated [Nov] 1227 refers to "Reymundus de Burgo…et Christiana uxore eius"[809]. King Henry III granted "duos damos in foresta de Wauberg" to "Christiane uxori Remundi de Burgo”, dated 1229[810]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Cristiana uxore sua, comitissa Essexiæ” was buried with her (first) husband “apud Soldham”[811].

5. GEOFFROY de Burgh (-1228). Bishop of Ely. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Galfridus frater Huberti de Burgo iustitiarius" was elected Bishop of Ely[812]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1228 of "Galfridus de Burgo episcopus Eliensis"[813].

6. [daughter . Assuming that “nepos” in the source quoted below can be interpreted as “nephew”, the mother of Thomas de Blundeville was the sister of Hubert de Burgh Earl of Kent.] m --- de Blundeville, son of ---. [Two] children:

a) THOMAS de Blundeville (-16 Aug 1236). Blomefield states that “Thomas de Blumville, Blundeville or Blunnel” appears to have been “by his arms...of the same family with the Blundeviles of Newton Flotman in Norfolk” but does not name his father and cites no primary source on which this speculation is based[814]. Bishop of Norwich 1226. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1226 of “Pandulphus episcopus Norwicensis” and the succession as bishop of “Thomas de Blumwilla clericus curialis”[815]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “J. [error for T] nepos Huberti de Burgo” was consecrated as Bishop of Norwich in 1226[816]. Matthew Paris records the death "XVII Kal Sep" of “Thomas de Blundvilla episcopus Norwicensis”[817].

b) [WILLIAM de Blundeville (-before 1226). Blomefield states that “Will de Blundeville” bequeathed “Blomevyle’s manor in Depham [Norfolk]” to “Richard his son who was lord in 1226 being nephew to Tho. de Blumville Bishop of Norwich”, and gives some details of their descendants, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[818]. If the relationship between William’s son and Bishop Thomas is correctly described, William was the bishop’s brother. However, “nephew” presumably represents a translation of “nepos” from the original (uncited) source, the imprecision of which as a term describing family relationships is well-known.]

C. EARLS of KENT 1321-1352 (PLANTAGENET)

EDMUND "of Woodstock", son of EDWARD I King of England & his second wife Marguerite de France (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 5 Aug 1301-executed outside Winchester Castle 19 Mar 1330, bur Winchester, Church of the Friars Minor, later transferred to Westminster Abbey). The Annals of Worcester record the birth “Non Aug…apud Wodestok” in 1301 of “regina [filium]…Edmundum”[819]. King Edward II issued a charter dated 18 Apr 1318 to “Thomæ comiti Norffolciæ et marescallo Angliæ et Edmundo de Wodestok fratribus nostris...executoribus testamenti bonæ memoriæ Margaretæ nuper reginæ Angliæ matris nostræ”[820]. Summoned to Parliament 1320 as Lord Woodstock. Appointed Keeper of Kent, Dover Castle and the Cinque Ports 16 Jun 1321. Created Earl of Kent 28 Jul 1321. He supported King Edward II, with his brother Thomas, in his campaign against the enemies of the Despenser family in Autumn 1321. He presided at the trial of Thomas Earl of Lancaster at Pontefract Castle 1321. He accompanied Queen Isabelle on her flight to France, and returned with her to England in 1326 to overthrow King Edward II. Created Earl of Arundel 26 Feb 1327, the King also granted him all the forfeited lands of Hugh Despenser in Leicestershire (except the manor of Loughborough). Having received reports that his half-brother Edward II was still alive, he plotted to have him restored to the throne, and was condemned to death for treason. He supported his deposed half-brother King Edward II, and was executed on the orders of Queen Isabella and Mortimer. The Annals of Bermondsey record the beheading 10 Dec 1328 “apud Wyntoniam” of “Edmundus Wodestok comes Kantiæ, avunculus Edwardi regis tertii” betrayed by “Isabellæ reginæ et Rogeri Mortymer comitis Marchiæ”[821]. His earldom was forfeited.

m (Papal dispensation 6 Oct 1325, Dec 1325) as her second husband, MARGARET Wake, widow of JOHN Comyn of Badenoch, daughter of JOHN Wake of Liddel, Cumberland, Lord Wake & his wife Joan --- ([1299/1300]-from the Black death 29 Sep 1349). The Chronicle of Meaux, in Yorkshire, names "Thomam, Johannem et Margaretam" as the children of "Johannem", son of "Baldewinum de Wake", adding that Margaret married "Edmundus comes Cantiæ, filius regis Edwardi primi"[822]. She succeeded her brother in 1349 as Baroness Wake.

Edmund Earl of Kent & his wife had four children:

1. EDMUND ([1326]-before 5 Oct 1331). He was restored as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock 7 Dec 1330.

2. MARGARET ([1327]-[before 1 May 1351]). King Edward III appointed representatives to negotiate the marriage between “Bernardetto domino de la Breto...Amaneum primogenitum dicti Bernardetti” and “Margaretam filiam claræ memoriæ Edmundi comitis Kantiæ avunculi nostri” by charter dated 4 Apr 1340[823]. No document has been located which indicates that these negotiations culminated in a betrothal. Margaret presumably died before Arnaud Amanieu was betrothed to Isabella, daughter of Edward III King of England. [Betrothed ([1340]) to ARNAUD AMANIEU [VIII] d'Albret, son of BERNARD AIZ [V] Sire d'Albret & his second wife Mathe d'Armagnac (-1401).]

3. JOAN (29 Sep 1328-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 8 Aug 1385, bur 29 Jan 1386 Greyfriars Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire, probably later transferred to London). She was known as the Fair Maid of Kent. She separated from her first husband shortly after their marriage, returning to him in [1349] after her second marriage was annulled. She succeeded her brother in 1352 as Countess of Kent, Baroness Woodstock and Baroness Wake, suo iure. The papal dispensation for the marriage between “Edwardi regis Angliæ...filii...Edwardi de Wodestok principis Walliæ dicti regis primogeniti” and “Johannæ comitissæ Cantiæ” is dated 10 Sep 1361[824]. A charter dated 10 Oct 1361 records the marriage between “domini Edwardi principis Walliæ...Edwardi regis Angliæ primogeniti” and “Johannæ comitissæ Cantiæ” is dated 10 Sep 1361[825]. The Chronicon Angliæ records the marriage of “Edwardus princeps Walliæ” and “Johannam comitissam Canciæ relictam domini Thomæ de Holand”, adding that she had been separated “olim...a comite Sarisburiæ”, dated to 1361 from the context[826]. m firstly (Spring 1340) THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire, son of ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire & his wife Matilda La Zouche (-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He was summoned to a Council 1353/4 as Lord Holand. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris. m secondly (bigamously, before 10 Feb 1341, annulled by Papal Bull 17 Nov 1349) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Lord Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Katharine de Grandson (Donyatt, Somerset 20 Jun 1328-3 Jun 1397, bur Bisham). He succeeded his father in 1344 as Earl of Salisbury. m thirdly (Papal dispensation 10 Sep 1361, St Stephen’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster or Canterbury Cathedral or Windsor Castle 10 Oct 1361) EDWARD "of Woodstock" Prince of Wales, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 15 Jun 1330-Palace of Westminster 8 Jun 1376, bur Canterbury Cathedral, Kent).

4. JOHN (posthumously Arundel Castle, Sussex 7 Apr 1330-26/27 Dec 1352, bur Church of the Grey Friars, Winchester, Hampshire). He succeeded his brother in [1331] as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock, receiving livery of all his lands 10 Apr 1351 on coming of age. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as Lord Wake. m (Papal dispensation 3 Apr 1348) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Jülich, daughter of WILHELM V Markgraf von Jülich & his wife Jeanne de Hainaut (-6 Jun 1411, bur Church of the Grey Friars, Winchester, Hampshire). Pope Clement VI granted dispensation for the marriage between “Iohanne comite Cantie” and “Elizabet nata Wilhelmi comitis Iuliacensis”, as part of the peace settlement between "Willelmum comitem Iuliacensem" and “Raynaldum ducem Gelrie consanguineum Iohannis comitis Cantie”, dated 3 Apr 1348[827]. She took a vow of chastity at Waverley Abbey after the death of her first husband, but broke it to marry secondly (Wingham, Kent 29 Sep 1360) Eustace d’Aubréchicourt (-Evreux soon after 1 Dec 1372). The will of "Elizabeth Juliers Countess of Kent", dated 20 Apr 1411, proved 29 Jun 1411, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Minors in the city of Winchester in the tomb of John late Earl of Kent late my husband”, bequeathed property to “my...sister Alice Countess of Kent...Joan Countess of Kent”[828].

D. EARLS of KENT [1352]-1408 (HOLAND)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. HENRY de Holland (-after 1212). The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Henricus de Holand" holding land in Lancashire[829].

ROBERT de Holand, son of --- (-1230).

m CICELY Columbers, daughter of ---.

Robert & his wife had one child:

1. THURSTAN de Holand (-1275). m --- Kellet, daughter of ---. Thurstan & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT de Holand (-after 1302). A claim by “Rogerum de Hegham” against “Robertum de Holaund...Ricardum de Holaund...” and many other named parties, relating to land in Hale, Lancashire, records that property was granted to “Thurstano de Holaund pater ipsius Roberti cujus heres ipse est”, undated[830]. The document does not explain the relationship with Richard de Holand. m ELIZABETH de Samlesbury, daughter of WILLIAM de Samlesbury [Blackburn, Lancashire] & his wife Avina --- (-after 5 Mar 1311). The Complete Peerage names “Elizabeth da. and coh. of William de Samlesbury” as wife of Robert de Holand but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[831]. A document dated 3 Nov 1257 records the settlement of a claim by “Avina de Samelesbyri” against “Robert de Hampton and Margery his wife” relating to “a mill and...land...in Brihtmede”, under which Avina received the mill for life, reverting to “Robert and Margery, Cecilia and Elyzabeth younger sisters of Margery as heirs of the said Avina”[832]. records that Breightmet in 1302 was held by “Robert de Holland and John Deuias, the respective husbands of Elizabeth and Cecily”[833]. Inquisitions held 5 Mar "4 Edw II", after the death of "Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln", record in Lancashire "Samlesbery...land held by Lady Cicely de Euyas and Lady Elizabeth de Holand"[834]. Robert & his wife had [two] children:

i) ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire ([1270]-7 Oct 1328, bur [Preston, Lancs, Grey Friars Church]). He was created Lord Holland 29 Jul 1314.

- see below.

ii) [JANE de Holand . m firstly EDMUND Talbot of Bashall, son of ---. m secondly HUGH Dutton of Dutton, Cheshire, son of ---.]

ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire, son of ROBERT de Holand & his wife Elizabeth de Samlesbury ([1270]-7 Oct 1328, bur [Preston, Lancs, Grey Friars Church]). He was created Lord Holand 29 Jul 1314.

m ([1311]) MATILDA la Zouche, daughter and co-heiress of ALAN la Zouche of Ashby, Leicestershire, Lord Zouche & his wife Eleanor de Segrave ([1289/90]-31 May 1349, bur Brackley). The Book of Lacock names “Elam, Matildam, Elizabetham, Rogerum de la Souche” as children of “Alanus de la Souch” and his wife[835]. An inquisition held 24 Apr "7 Edw II", after the death of "Alan la Zousche alias la Zuche, la Souche", names "Ellen […the wife of Nicholas de Sancto Mauro] and Maud […the wife of Robert de Holand] his daughters are his next heirs and Maud the younger is aged 24…both aged 26 and more…and a younger daughter Elizabeth aged 20 who has taken the garb of the nuns at Brewode"[836]. A writ dated 23 May "5 Edw III", following the death of "Emelina Longespe or de Lungespe", names "Robert de Holond and Maud his wife” and “the said Maud aged 40 years is her next heir”, while a second writ dated 3 Jan “6 Edw III” and inquisitions dated 9 Mar “7 Edw III” state that Emmeline died “on Whitsunday 5 Edward III” and that “Maud sometime the wife of Robert de Houlond...and Helen her sister both aged 40 years and more are next heirs of the said Emelina”[837].

Robert & his wife had six children:

1. ROBERT de Holand (1312-Hawes, Brackley 16 Mar 1373, bur Brackley, St James's Chapel). He succeeded his father in 1328 as Lord Holand. m ELIZABETH, daughter of ---. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT de Holand (-Mar 1373 or before). m ([1355]) JOAN [Alice], daughter of ---. Robert & his wife had one child:

i) MATILDA de Holand (1356-7 May 1423). She succeeded her grandfather in 1373 as Baroness Holand, suo iure. m ([1372]) JOHN Lord Lovel, son of JOHN Lovel, Lord Lovel & his wife Isabel la Zouche of Haringworth ([1354]-Wardour 10 Sep 1408, bur [Brackley, Northants, Church of St John's Hospital).

2. THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire (1314-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He was summoned to a Council 1354 as Lord Holand. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris.

- see below.

3. MARGARET de Holand (-20/22 Aug 1349). m (before 1326) JOHN La Warre, son of JOHN La Warre Lord La Warre & his wife Joan de Grelley (-before 24 Jun 1331).

4. ALAN de Holand . He owned the manors of Dalbury and Wecksworth, Derbyshire.

5. OTHO de Holand (-[1360/61]).

6. MARY de Holand . m JOHN Tempest of Bracewell, Yorkshire, son of ---.

THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire, son of ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire & his wife Matilda La Zouche (1314-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He served the king in various military expeditions in Flanders, Bayonne, and Brittany, and fought at the battle of Crécy 26 Aug 1346. During his absence in Prussia, his wife went through a form of marriage with William Montagu Earl of Salisbury. In May 1347, he petitioned Pope Clement VI who ordered Joan to return to Thomas 17 Nov 1349. Appointed Joint Lieutenant and Captain of Normandy 28 Oct 1359, jointly with Philippe de Navarre Comte de Longueville. Summoned to a Council 1353/4 as Lord Holand. He was one of the founder Knights of the Order of the Garter. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris.

m (1339 or before) as her first husband, JOAN of Kent, daughter of EDMUND Earl of Kent & his wife Margaret Baroness Wake (29 Sep 1328-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 7, 8 or 21 Aug 1385, bur 29 Jan 1386 Greyfriars Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire, probably later transferred to London). She separated from her first husband shortly after their marriage. She married secondly (bigamously, before 10 Feb 1341, annulled by Papal Bull 17 Nov 1349) as his first wife, William de Montagu. She returned to her first husband in [1349] after her second marriage was annulled. She succeeded her brother in 1352 as Countess of Kent, Baroness Woodstock and Baroness Wake, suo iure. She was known as the Fair Maid of Kent. She married thirdly (Papal dispensation 10 Sep 1361, St Stephen’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster or Canterbury Cathedral or Windsor Castle 10 Oct 1361) Edward "of Woodstock" Prince of Wales. The Chronicon Angliæ records the marriage of “Edwardus princeps Walliæ” and “Johannam comitissam Canciæ relictam domini Thomæ de Holand”, adding that she had been separated “olim...a comite Sarisburiæ”, dated to 1361 from the context[838].

Earl Thomas & his wife had five children:

1. THOMAS de Holand ([1350]-25 Apr 1397, bur Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire). He succeeded his father as Earl of Kent.

- see below.

2. EDMUND de Holand ([1351/52]-young).

3. JOAN de Holand (1350-Nantes Nov 1384, bur Nantes, Abbaye de Notre dame de Prières). The Chronicon Britannicum records that “Johannes dux Britanniæ comes Montisfortis et Richemundiæ” married secondly “Johannam filiam principisse Galliæ et Aquitaniæ”[839]. The testament of “Jehanne Duchesse de Bretagne Comtesse de Montfort et de Richemont”, dated 25 Sep 1384, chooses burial “ou moustier de Nostre-Dame de Prieres en l’Evesché de Vannes et de l’ordre de Citeaux”, appoints “le Comte de Kent nostre frere” as her heir to all property in England, requests that “mon...Seigneur le Duc de Bretagne” continues to enjoy the “Comté de Richemont”[840]. m (London May 1366) as his second wife, JEAN V "le Vaillant" Duke of Brittany, son of JEAN IV Duke of Brittany & his wife Jeanne de Flandre ([Nov/Dec] 1339 or [30 Sep/8 Dec] 1340-Nantes 1/2 Nov 1399, bur Nantes Cathedral).

4. JOHN de Holand (after 1358-executed 9/10 Jan 1400, bur Pleshy, Collegiate Church). Appointed Lieutenant of Ireland in Aug 1382. In [May] 1384, he murdered a Carmelite friar who had charged John of Gaunt with high treason. In Jul 1385, he killed the Earl of Stafford's eldest son, in revenge for the death of his squire who had been killed in a quarrel by one of the Earl of Stafford's archers, but he was pardoned 2 Feb 1386. Appointed Constable of the army which John of Gaunt took to Spain to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile, it was on John de Holand's advice that John abandoned this unsuccessful enterprise. He was created Earl of Huntingdon 2 Jun 1388, and Duke of Exeter 29 Sep 1397. He was accused of complicity in the murder of Thomas Duke of Gloucester 29 Oct 1399. He joined in the plot to seize King Henry IV, but was captured at Prittlewell, Essex and taken to Pleshy Castle where he was executed. He was declared a traitor by Parliament in Jan 1401, and his possessions confiscated and titles forfeited[841]. m (Plymouth 24 Jun 1386) as her second husband, ELIZABETH of Lancaster, divorced wife of JOHN Hastings Earl of Pembroke, daughter of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Burford, Shropshire before 21 Feb 1363-24 Nov 1425, bur Burford Church, Shropshire). She deserted her first husband, was seduced by her second husband, whom she hurriedly married as she was pregnant. A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript names “Henricum regum IIII, Elezabetham comitissam Huntyndonie, Phelippam reginam Portingalie, Edwardum et Johannem qui moriuntur” as the children of “Johannes Gaunt Dux Lancastrie et quartus filius Edward III” and his first wife “Blanchiam filiam Henrici ducis Lancastrie”[842]. A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript names “Henricum regum IIII, Elezabetham comitissam Huntyndonie, Phelippam reginam Portingalie, Edwardum et Johannem qui moriuntur” as the children of “Johannes Gaunt Dux Lancastrie et quartus filius Edward III” and his first wife “Blanchiam filiam Henrici ducis Lancastrie”[843]. The will of "John son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster", dated 3 Feb 1397, chose burial “in the cathedral church of St Paul, of London...beside my...late wife Blanch”, bequeathed property to “Dame Katherine del Staple...my...wife Katherine...my...brother the Duke of York...my...son Henry Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby...my...daughter Philippa Queen of Portugal...my...daughter Katherine Queen of Castile and Leon...my...daughter Elizabeth Duchess of Exeter...my...son John Beaufort Marquis of Dorset...my...son the Bishop of Lincoln...my...son Thomas Beaufort...my...daughter their sister Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil...my...son John brother to...Henry...Mons. Thomas Swyneford...Mons Walter Blount...”[844]. She married thirdly (before 12 Dec 1400) as his second wife, John Cornwall. Duke John & his wife had [five] children:

a) CONSTANCE de Holand (1387-12 or 14 Nov 1437, bur London, St Katherine’s by the Tower). The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”[845]. m firstly (1404) THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, son of THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Elizabeth FitzAlan of Arundel (1385-executed 1405). m secondly (before 24 Feb 1413) JOHN Grey of Ruthin, son of REYNOLD Grey Lord Grey of Ruthin & his first wife Margaret de Roos of Helmsley, Yorkshire (-27 Aug 1439).

b) RICHARD de Holand (-3 Sep 1400).

c) EDWARD de Holand (-young).

d) [ALICE (-before 1406). The Commons petitioned King Henry IV, dated 1400, to restore to the office of Chamberlain of England Richard de Vere Earl of Oxford "q’ ad espose la file de v’re soere n’re tres redoute Seign’r", Nicolas stating that “it is most likely that she was the daughter of Elizabeth Plantagenet, sister of Henry IV, by her first husband John Duke of Exeter”[846]. m (before 1400) as his first wife, RICHARD de Vere, son of AUBREY de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Alice FitzWalter ([1385]-15 Feb 1417, bur Earl's Colne). He succeeded his father in 1400 as Earl of Oxford.]

e) JOHN de Holand (Dartington, Devon 29 Mar 1395-5 Aug 1447 bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). He was taken prisoner at the battle of Baugé 22 Mar 1421 and remained in captivity for five years[847]. He was created Duke of Exeter 6 Jan 1444. The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”, bequeathed property to “Anne my daughter...my son Henry”[848]. m firstly (before 15 Jul 1427) as her second husband, ANNE Stafford, widow of EDMUND [IV] Mortimer Earl of March and Ulster, daughter of EDMUND Stafford Earl of Stafford & his wife Anne Ctss of Buckingham (-20 or 24 Sep 1432, bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”[849]. m secondly (licence 20 Jan 1433) as her second husband, dona BRITES de Portugal, widow of THOMAS Earl of Arundel and Surrey, illegitimate daughter of JOÃO I King of Portugal & his mistress dona Ines Peres Esteves ([1386]-Bordeaux 23 Oct 1439, bur Arundel). m thirdly as her third husband, ANNE Montagu, widow firstly of RICHARD Hankeford and secondly of LEWIS Johan, daughter of JOHN Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Matilda Fraunceys (-28 Nov 1457 bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”[850]. The will of "Ann Holland Dutchess of Exeter", dated 20 Apr 1457, proved 15 May 1458, chose burial “in...the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London where the corpse of my...husband is buried”[851]. Duke John & his first wife had two children:

i) HENRY de Holand (Tower of London 27 Jun 1430-drowned Sep 1475). The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, bequeathed property to “Anne my daughter...my son Henry”[852]. He succeeded his father in 1447 as Duke of Exeter. He took part in Lord Egremont's rebellion in the north May 1454, was captured and sent to Pontefract Castle, and from there to Wallingford Castle. A Lancastrian supporter, he fled to Scotland after the defeat at Towton and was attainted by Parliament 4 Nov 1461 and all his honours forfeited. He escaped to Flanders, where he seems to have been reduced to extreme poverty[853]. He returned to England during the brief restoration of King Henry VI in 1471, but was severely wounded at the battle of Barnet 14 Apr 1471 and captured. He was released 20 May 1475 and joined the king's expedition to France, but was drowned on the return journey between Calais and Dover[854]. m (before 30 Jul 1447, divorced 12 Nov 1472) as her first husband, ANNE of York, daughter of RICHARD Duke of York & his wife Cicely de Neville (Fotheringay Castle 10 Aug 1439-12 or 14 Jan 1476, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Cecily Duchess of York" as mother of "Anne Duchess of Exeter, also wedded to Thomas Saint Leger", and her children "Anthony Saint Leger, Anne"[855]. Duke Henry & his wife had one child:

(a) ANNE de Holand (-[26 Aug 1467/6 Jun 1474]). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Cecily Duchess of York" as mother of "Anne Duchess of Exeter, also wedded to Thomas Saint Leger", and her children "Anthony Saint Leger, Anne"[856]. The Annales of William Wyrcester record the marriage in Oct 1466 “apud Grenewiche” of “Thomam Gray militem filium reginæ” and “dominam hæredem ducis Exoniæ neptem regis” to the great secret displeasure of “comitis Warrwici” who had previously arranged the marriage of “dictam dominam Annam” to “filium comitis Northumbriæ fratris dicti comitis Warrwici”[857]. m (Greenwich Oct 1466) as his first wife, THOMAS Grey Lord Ferrers, son of JOHN Grey Lord Ferrers (of Groby) & his wife Elizabeth Wydeville (-20 Sep 1501, bur Astley, Warwickshire). He was created Earl of Huntingdon in 1471, and Marquess of Dorset in 1475.

Duke Henry had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(b) ROBERT de Holand . m MARGARET, daughter of ---. Robert & his wife had two children:

(1) JOAN de Holand . m firstly JOHN Kendall, son of ---. m secondly JOHN Trelawny, son of ---.

(2) ELIZABETH de Holand . m as his second wife, JOHN Reskimir, son of ---. No children.

ii) ANNE de Holand (-26 Dec 1486). The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, bequeathed property to “Anne my daughter...my son Henry”[858]. The will of "John Neville Knight sonne and heire to Rauf Erle of Westmerland", dated 1 Dec 1449, proved 30 Mar 1451, chose burial “in the church of Hautenprice”, bequeathed property to “my wife Ann”[859]. m firstly (1441) JOHN Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his first wife Elizabeth Percy (-7 Mar 1450). Lord Neville. m secondly (1452) her first husband's uncle, JOHN Neville Lord Neville, son of JOHN Neville Lord Neville & his wife Elizabeth de Holand (-killed in battle Towton 1461). m thirdly as his second wife, JAMES Douglas Earl of Douglas, son of JAMES Douglas Earl of Douglas & his second wife Beatrice Sinclair (1425-Lindores Abbey [after 22 May] 1491, bur Lindores Abbey).

Duke John had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

iii) WILLIAM de Holand .

iv) THOMAS de Holand .

5. MATILDA de Holand ([1359]-before 13 Apr 1392). A charter dated 18 Jul 1379 records the release from captivity of “Walrand de Lussenbourgh comte de Seint Poul prisoner de nostre...Roy” and the agreement for his marriage to “[la] dame de Courtenay”[860]. m firstly (Papal dispensation 5 Sep 1363) as his second wife, HUGH de Courtenay, son of HUGH de Courtenay & his wife Elizabeth --- (-20 Feb 1374). He was summoned to parliament 8 Jan 1371, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. m secondly (contract 18 Jul 1379, 1380) as his first wife, VALERAN de Luxembourg Comte de Ligny et de Saint-Pol, son of GUY Comte de Ligny [Luxembourg] & his wife Mathilde de Châtillon Ctss de Saint-Pol (1355-château d'Yvoy 22 Apr 1415, bur Yvoy).

THOMAS de Holand, son of THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire & his wife Joan Ctss of Kent ([1350]-25 Apr 1397, bur Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire). He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock, Holand and Wake. He was appointed Marshal of England 13 Mar 1380, until 30 Jun 1385. The will of "Thomas of Holand Earl of Kent and Lord Wake", proved 10 May 1397, chose burial “in the abbey of Brune”, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife...Thomas my son”[861].

m (after 10 Apr 1364) ALICE FitzAlan, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Eleanor of Lancaster ([1350]-17 Mar 1416). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[862]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[863]. The will of "Thomas of Holand Earl of Kent and Lord Wake", proved 10 May 1397, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife...Thomas my son”[864]. The will of "Elizabeth Juliers Countess of Kent", dated 20 Apr 1411, proved 29 Jun 1411, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Minors in the city of Winchester in the tomb of John late Earl of Kent late my husband”, bequeathed property to “my...sister Alice Countess of Kent...Joan Countess of Kent”[865].

Earl Thomas & his wife had ten children:

1. THOMAS de Holand ([1371]-beheaded 7/8 Jan 1400, bur Cirencester Abbey). The will of "Thomas of Holand Earl of Kent and Lord Wake", proved 10 May 1397, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife...Thomas my son”[866]. He succeeded his father in 1397 as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock, Holand and Wake. He was created Duke of Surrey 29 Sep 1397, and granted the office of Marshal of England 30 Jan 1398[867]. He was accused by King Henry IV of complicity in the murder of Thomas Duke of Gloucester. He joined in the plot to seize King Henry IV, but was captured at Cirencester by a mob which beheaded him[868]. m (after 20 Oct 1392) JOAN de Stafford, daughter of HUGH Stafford Earl of Stafford & his wife Philippa de Beauchamp of Warwick (1371-[30 Sep/1 Oct] 1442). The will of "Elizabeth Juliers Countess of Kent", dated 20 Apr 1411, proved 29 Jun 1411, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Minors in the city of Winchester in the tomb of John late Earl of Kent late my husband”, bequeathed property to “my...sister Alice Countess of Kent...Joan Countess of Kent”[869].

2. ELEANOR de Holand ([1373]-6 or 18 Oct 1405). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Rogerus de Mortimer quartus Marchiæ comes” married “dominæ Elianoræ filiæ domini Thomæ Holland comitis Kanciæ”[870]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Eleanor Countess of the March, after wed to the Lord Powis [of] Charlton" as daughter of "Thomas Holand Earl of Kent" and mother of "Anne Countess of Cambridge" and of "Jocosa Lady Tiptoft, married John, Lord Tiptoft"[871]. She died in childbirth. m firstly ([7 Oct 1388]) ROGER [VII] Mortimer Earl of March, son of EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Philippa of Clarence (Usk, Monmouthshire 11 Apr 1374-killed in battle against the Irish Kenlis 20 Jul 1398, bur Wigmore, Herefordshire). m secondly (after [19/30] Jun 1399) as his first wife, EDWARD Cherleton, son of JOHN Cherleton Lord Cherleton & his wife Joan de Stafford of the Earls of Stafford ([1371]-14 Mar 1421). He succeeded his brother in 1401 as Lord Cherleton.

3. JOHN de Holand (-young).

4. RICHARD de Holand (-young).

5. JOAN de Holand ([1380]-12 Apr 1434). m firstly (1393) as his second wife, EDMUND "of Langley" Duke of York, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Abbot’s Langley, Hertfordshire 5 Jun 1341-King’s Langley, Hertfordshire 1 Aug 1402, bur King’s Langley, Church of the Dominican Friars). m secondly ([1 Aug 1402/9 Aug 1404]) as his second wife WILLIAM de Willoughby Lord Willoughby de Eresby, son of ROBERT de Willoughby Lord Willoughby de Eresby & his first wife Alice --- ([1370]-Edgefield 4 Dec 1409, bur Spilsby). m thirdly (licence 6 Sep 1410, [Faxflete Chapel, Yorkshire]) as his second wife, HENRY Le Scrope Lord Scrope (of Masham), son of STEPHEN Le Scrope Lord Scrope (of Masham) & his wife Margery de Huntingfield née [de Welles] ([1373]-beheaded Southampton 5 Aug 1415). m fourthly ([Nov 1415/27 Apr 1416]) as his first wife, HENRY Bromflete of Londesborough, Yorkshire, son of THOMAS Bromflete & his wife Margaret St John (-16 Jan 1469, bur London, Whitefriars). He was summoned to Parliament in 1449 whereby he is held to have become Lord Vessy.

6. EDMUND de Holand (6 Jan 1383-killed in battle Ile de Bréhat, Brittany 15 Sep 1408, bur Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire). He succeeded his brother in 1400 as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock, Holand and Wake. m (Southwark, St Mary Ottery 24 Jan 1407) LUCIA Visconti, daughter of BERNABÒ Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice [Regina] della Scala (1372-14 Apr 1424, bur Austin Friars, London). The will of "Lucy Countess of Kent", dated 1423, bequeathed property “to the abbey of Brunne where my...husband is buried”, made donations for the soul of “Edmund late Earl of Kent my husband”[872]. Mistress (1): ([1405]) CONSTANCE of York, widow of THOMAS le Despenser Lord Despenser, daughter of EDMUND "of Langley" Duke of York & his first wife Infanta doña Isabel de Castilla ([1374]-28 Nov 1416, bur Reading Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “Thomam le Despencer et comitem Gloucestriæ”, last child of “Edwardus…secundus, filius…Edwardi” and his wife, married “dominam Constantiam filiam domini Edmundi de Langley, filii regis Edwardi tertii et ducis Eboracensis”, adding in a later passage that Constance married secondly “domino Thomæ comiti de Arundell” by whom she was mother of “filiam…Elianoram” who married “Hugoni domino de Audley” and had “filium…Jacobum”[873]. This last passage is inconsistent with other sources regarding the paternity of Constance’s daughter Eleanor and the identity of Eleanor’s husband. It is not known whether it constituted a conscious effort to cover the tracks regarding her true parentage. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death in 1417 of “domina Constancia, mater…dominæ Isabellæ” and her burial “apud monasterium de Reding 1420”[874]. Earl Edmund had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):

a) ELEANOR de Holand ([1406]-). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “dominam Constantiam filiam domini Edmundi de Langley, filii regis Edwardi tertii et ducis Eboracensis” married secondly “domino Thomæ comiti de Arundell” by whom she was mother of “filiam…Elianoram” who married “Hugoni domino de Audley” and had “filium…Jacobum”[875]. This passage is inconsistent with other sources regarding the paternity of Constance’s daughter Eleanor and the identity of Eleanor’s husband. m (Papal dispensation 14 Feb 1430) as his second wife, JAMES Touchet Lord Audley , son of JOHN Tuchet Lord Audley & his wife Isabel --- ([1398]-23 Sep 1459).

7. MARGARET de Holand ([1381/85]-St Saviour’s Abbey, Bermondsey 30 Dec 1439, bur Augustine Monastery of St Saviour, London). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Margaret Countess of Somerset" as daughter of "Thomas Holand Earl of Kent"[876]. The will of "John Beaufort late Earl of Somerset, Chamberlain of England and Captain of Calais", dated 16 Mar 1409, proved 5 Apr 1410, bequeathed property to “Henry his brother...Bishop of Winchester” and appointed him and “Margaret his wife” as his executors[877]. The will of "Thomas son of the King Duke of Clarence, Earl of Albemarle and Steward of England", dated 10 Jul 1417, proved 23 Nov 1423, chose burial “in Christ Church Canterbury at the feet of my...father”, bequeathed property to “Margaret my...consort...my...son Henry Earl of Somerset”[878]. This document also confirms Margaret’s parentage as “my...son Henry Earl of Somerset” was the testator’s stepson, his wife’s son by her first marriage. m firstly (before 28 Sep 1397) JOHN Beaufort Earl of Somerset, son of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his third wife Katharine Swynford née Roët ([1372/75]-Hospital of St Katherine by the Tower, London 16 Mar 1410, bur Canterbury Cathedral). m secondly (Papal dispensation 10 Nov 1411) THOMAS Duke of Clarence, son of HENRY IV King of England & his first wife Mary de Bohun (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire or London 29 Sep 1388-killed in battle Baugé 22 Mar 1421, bur Canterbury Cathedral).

8. ELEANOR de Holand ([1386]-after 1413, bur Bisham). The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, chose burial “at Bustleham”, and in a codicil required “the body of the Lady Alianore sometime my wife...with the body of the Lady Alice my present wife now living” to be buried with him[879]. m (23 May 1399 or before) as his first wife, THOMAS Montagu, son of JOHN de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Matilda Francis (-Meung-sur-Loire 3 Nov 1428, bur Bisham). He was restored as Earl of Salisbury 14 Jun 1409.

9. ELIZABETH de Holand (-1423). m (1394) JOHN Neville Lord Neville, son of RALPH Neville Lord Neville [later Earl of Westmoreland] & his first wife Margaret Stafford ([1387]-1420).

10. BRIDGET de Holand (-before 1416). Nun at Barking. She presumably predeceased her mother as she was not mentioned in her inquisitions post mortem[880].

Chapter 5. NORFOLK

William I King of England created Ralph [de Gaël] "the Staller" as Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1067. His son followed him as earl but his titles and estates were forfeited after his rebellion against the king in 1075. The earldom remained un-granted until [1140/41] when King Stephen created Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk. After the death in 1306 of Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk, to whom the earldom had been regranted only for his life, the title reverted to the crown. Thomas “of Brotherton”, younger son of Edward I King of England, was created Earl of Norfolk in 1312. He was succeeded by his daughter Margaret, who was created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397 and from whom the earldom to her grandson Thomas Mowbray. The dukedom of Norfolk was restored in favour of his son John Mowbray in 1425, and in 1483 was inherited by John Howard who was descended from the last Mowbray duke’s paternal aunt.

A. EARLS of NORFOLK 1067-1075 (BARONS de GAËL)

Two siblings:

1. RALPH "the Staller" ([before 1011]-1069). He may have been "Radulphus Anglicus" who witnessed charters of Alain Duke of Brittany in [1031/32]. As "dapifer", he witnessed a charter of King Edward "the Confessor" in 1060. He was one of the Royal "Stallers". The Chronicon Centulense records that "un noble, breton d’origine…Raoul, qui jouissait d’un grand crédit et de grands honneurs auprès de" Edward the Confessor donated revenue to Saint-Riquier[881]. He held extensive estates in Norfolk and Suffolk, although it is uncertain whether this was by royal grant or by inheritance from his wife's family. Seigneur de Gaël, in Brittany. William I King of England created him Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1067[882]. The Chronicon Centulense records a charter under which King William I confirmed donations to Saint-Riquier made by "le comte Raoul et Raoul son fils"[883]. m ---. The name of Ralph’s wife is not known. The Complete Peerage suggests that she was the sister of Godwin, a landowner in Norfolk[884]. Earl Ralph & his wife had two children:

a) RALPH (before 1040-on crusade after 1096). The Chronicon Centulense records a charter under which King William I confirmed donations to Saint-Riquier made by "le comte Raoul et Raoul son fils"[885]. Earl of Norfolk: Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Northwici" to "Radulfo de Guader genero Guillelmi filii Osberni"[886]. Florence of Worcester records that "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi…East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" conspired against King William in [1074][887]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he escaped to Denmark in search of help, returning with 200 ships under Knud, son of King Svend, and Jarl Hakon but that they left for Flanders before joining battle[888]. Orderic Vitalis records that he was deprived of all his lands and his earldom in England and eventually retired to Brittany, where he was Seigneur de Gaël[889]. Florence of Worcester records that he and his wife accompanied Robert Duke of Normandy on the First Crusade, in the course of which they both died [890]. m (Exning, Cambridgeshire 1075[891]) EMMA of Hereford, daughter of WILLIAM FitzOsbern Earl of Hereford & his first wife Adelise de Tosny (-after 1096). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmo Osberni filio” and his wife “Adelizam Rogerii Toenitæ filiam” had “unam filiam” who married “Rodulfo comite genere Britoni” with whom she went to Jerusalem on pilgrimage “in diebus Urbani Papæ”[892]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Northwici" to "Radulfo de Guader genero Guillelmi filii Osberni"[893]. Florence of Worcester records that her brother "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi" arranged her marriage to "East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" against the wishes of King William in [1074][894]. She held her husband's castle during his rebellion in 1075, but was given safe conduct to leave England[895]. Florence of Worcester records that Ralph and his wife accompanied Robert Duke of Normandy on the First Crusade, in the course of which they both died[896]. Earl Ralph & his wife had three children:

i) GUILLAUME de Gaël . He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Gaël. Orderic Vitalis names him as nephew of Guillaume de Breteuil, on whose death he unsuccessfully claimed Breteuil but died soon after[897].

ii) RAOUL de Gaël . He succeeded his brother as Seigneur de Gaël et de Montfort, in Brittany. He received Breteuil in 1119. According to the Complete Peerage, his descendants in the male line continued to hold his estates in Brittany, acquiring Laval and Vitré in the 15th century with the marriage of the heiress of Montmorency-Laval[898]. This descent has not been traced. From a chronological point of view, it seems possible that Guillaume [I] de Montfort was the son of Raoul de Gaël. m ---. The name of Raoul's wife is not known. Raoul & his wife had one child:

(a) AMICE de Gaël (-31 Aug [1168 or after], bur Eton). She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and specifies that her marriage was arranged by Henry I King of England after she had been betrothed to his deceased son Richard[899]. Heiress of Breteuil. She is said to have become a nun at Nuneaton after her husband's death[900]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Kal Sep" of "Amicia comitissa Leecestre"[901]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “pridie Non Apr...in die Sancti Ambrosii” of “Robertus comes Leyc fundator huius abbatie”, and “die Sancti Egidii abbatis” of “Amicia uxor eiusdem Roberti” and her burial “in monasterio prioratus monialium de Etona”[902]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "31 Aug" of "Robertus comes Leicestriæ, Amicia comitissa"[903]. Betrothed to RICHARD, illegitimate son of HENRY I King of England & his mistress Ansfride --- (before 1101-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). m (after 25 Nov 1120) ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester "le Bossu", son of ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan, & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet] (1104-5 Apr 1168, bur Leicester Abbey).

iii) ALAIN de Gaël . Orderic Vitalis records that he went with his father on the First Crusade[904].

b) HARDOUIN (-after 1066). Domesday Book records “Hardwin the brother of Earl Ralph” taking away land in Coddenham Suffolk in the time of King William[905].

2. [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed if “nephew” is correctly translated n the source quoted below (presumably a translation of “nepos”). The chronology suggests that it is unlikely that Alsige could have been Earl Ralph’s grandson. m ---.] One child:

a) ALSIGE . Domesday Book records “Ælfgeat a free man commended to Alsige nephew of Earl Ralph” holding land in Gislingham, Suffolk in the time of King Edward[906].

B. EARLS of NORFOLK 1142-1306 (BIGOD)

Two brothers:

1. GAUTHIER Bigod (-[1070/78] or after). An undated charter, which records that Geoffroy "Martel" Comte d’Anjou restored property to the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme after he acquired the county of Vendôme, states that after his death [dated to 1060/67] "Gualterius Bigotus et frater eius Hugo" seized "terram de Pinis"[907]. "…Wauterii Bigoti…" witnessed the charter dated to [1040/65] under which "Avesgaudus, Sancti Vincentii abbas" confirmed a donation to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[908]. "Wauterius Bigotus et Alexandra uxor sua" sold revenue from "terre…Liragundam" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1070/78][909]. m ALEXANDRA, daughter of ---. "Wauterius Bigotus et Alexandra uxor sua" sold revenue from "terre…Liragundam" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1070/78][910]. Gauthier & [his wife] had one child:

a) GUY Bigod . "Wido, filius Wauterii Bigoti, monachus" is named as one of the judges in a charter dated to [1080/1100] which records a dispute between Saint-Vincent du Mans and "Raherio…de Sarciaco"[911].

2. HUGUES Bigod . An undated charter, which records that Geoffroy "Martel" Comte d’Anjou restored property to the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme after he acquired the county of Vendôme, states that after his death [dated to 1060/67] "Gualterius Bigotus et frater eius Hugo" seized "terram de Pinis"[912]. The cartulary of Saint-Vincent du Mans includes a census taken "ad festum sancti Johannis Baptiste", dated to end-11th/early 12th century, which names "…Ricardus Bigot iv d…Hugo Bigot iii s…"[913].

1. ROBERT Bigod (-after 1063). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Werlencus de stirpe Richardi magni comes...Moritolii” plotted rebellion against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy, as reported to the duke by “tyro de familia sua...Robertus Bigot”, and that the duke expelled him to Apulia and granted his county to “Robertum fratrem suum”[914].

2. RICHARD Bigod . The cartulary of Saint-Vincent du Mans includes a census taken "ad festum sancti Johannis Baptiste", dated to end-11th/early 12th century, which names "…Ricardus Bigot iv d…Hugo Bigot iii s…"[915].

3. HAMELIN Bigod . The cartulary of Saint-Vincent du Mans includes a census taken "hortorum super sartam reddendo ad festum Symonis et Jude", dated to end-11th 12th century, which names "…Hamelinus Bigot xv d…Guarinus Bigotus xv d…"[916].

4. WARIN Bigod . The cartulary of Saint-Vincent du Mans includes a census taken "hortorum super sartam reddendo ad festum Symonis et Jude", dated to end-11th 12th century, which names "…Hamelinus Bigot xv d…Guarinus Bigotus xv d…"[917].

5. JEAN Bigod . "…Johannes Bigotus…" witnessed the undated charter, dated to late 11th century, under which "Herbertus [Desreatus]…et Willelmus frater eius…et omnes infantes Herberti" donated property to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[918].

Two brothers, one sister, parents not known:

1. ROGER Bigod (-1107, bur Thetford[919]). Domesday Book records “Roger Bigod” holding numerous properties in Norfolk and Suffolk[920]. "…Rogerus Bigotus…" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[921]. "…Rogeri de Bigot…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[922]. “Rogerus Bygot” founded Thetford Priory, with the advice of “…uxoris meæ Adeliciæ”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[923]. The Annals of Bermondsey which record the death in 1107 of “Rogerus Bigod, principalis fundator monasterii Beatæ Mariæ Thetfordiæ”[924]. [m firstly ADELAIS, daughter of ---. The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Rodgerus Bigodus, Atheles uxor eius, Willelmus filius eorum"[925]. “Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum” donated property to Thetford Priory, for the souls of “patris mei Rogerii Bigoti et matris meæ Adelidis” and for the salvation of “fratris mei Hugonis et sororum mearum”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[926]. The Complete Peerage[927] states that the wording of this charter shows that Adelais, mother of William, was deceased at the time, and must therefore have been a different person from Adelise de Tosny, Roger Bigod's [second] wife, who was recorded as alive in 1136. However, the question is open to debate as “pro anima” clauses are often difficult to interpret accurately.] m [secondly] (before [1100]) ADELISE de Tosny, daughter of ROBERT de Tosny Lord of Belvoir & his wife Adelais --- (-after 1136[928]). Her parentage is indicated by the 1130 Pipe Roll which records "Adeliz uxor Rogi Big…tra patris sui de Belueder" in Lincolnshire[929], which also indicates that Adelise succeeded her sister Albreda in the Belvoir estates of their father. It is also indicated by the charter dated 23 Apr [1430] under which her descendant “Thomas dominus de Ros, de Hamelake, de Trussebout et de Beavoir” confirmed the possessions of Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire made by "antecessores nostros…Robertum de Toteneio, Willielmum de Toteneyo filium suum, Agnetem de Toteneio filiam dicti Roberti de Toteneyo, Henricum de Rya filium Huberto de Rya, Agnetem de Toteneyo, Willielmum de Albeneio primum, Willielmum de Albeneio secundum, Willielmum de Albeneio tertium, Willielmum de Albeneio quartum, Ywynum de Albeneyo, Heliam de Albeneyo et uxores eorundem, Isabellam filiam domini Willielmi de Albeneio quæ fuit uxor domini de Ros, domini de Beauvoire et de Hamelake"[930], the connection between Robert de Tosny Lord of Belvoir, father of Alice, being established through the marriage of her daughter Cecilia to William de Albini Brito. "Rogerius Bigot…et uxoris mee Adalicie" donated the church of Thetford to Cluny dated [1100][931]. “Rogerus Bygot” founded Thetford Priory, with the advice of “…uxoris meæ Adeliciæ”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[932]. Roger & his [first] wife had one child:

a) WILLIAM Bigod (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Rodgerus Bigodus, Atheles uxor eius, Willelmus filius eorum"[933]. He succeeded his father in 1107 as Lord of Framlingham, Suffolk. “Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum” donated property to Thetford Priory, for the souls of “patris mei Rogerii Bigoti et matris meæ Adelidis” and for the salvation of “fratris mei Hugonis et sororum mearum”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[934]. Sheriff of Suffolk 1116. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…Willelmus Bigod…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[935].

Roger & his [second] wife had five children:

b) HUGH Bigod ([1095]-1177 before 9 Mar). “Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum” donated property to Thetford Priory, for the souls of “patris mei Rogerii Bigoti et matris meæ Adelidis” and for the salvation of “fratris mei Hugonis et sororum mearum”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[936]. The Complete Peerage states that he was William’s brother “presumably of the half-blood”, the basis for the statement being explained on the previous page[937]. He succeeded his [half-]brother as Lord of Framlingham. King Stephen created him Earl of Norfolk in [Dec 1140/Jan 1141].

- see below.

c) HUMPHREY Bigod (-after [1112/13]). Royal chaplain of King Henry I and prebendary of Totenhall 1101 to [1112/13][938].

d) GUNNOR Bigod (-before [1137]). A charter of Hugh Bigod for Norwich Priory refers to property given by “his sister Gunnor”[939]. “Robert de Essex and Gunnora his wife, daughter of Roger Bigod” donated Fremingham church to Thetford priory, Norfolk for the souls of their ancestors and of "their son Henry on his birth-day"[940]. It is not clear from this extract whether Gunnor’s father was named in the original document. Her first marriage is indicated by the charter of King Henry II which confirmed donations to Thetford Priory, including the donation by “Gunnoræ matris Henrici de Exessa”[941]. “Rob Waster” donated "duos partes totius decimæ meæ de Wereslai" to St Neot’s, Huntingdonshire, for the soul of “Soeni de Essessa” and for the health of "domini mei Roberti filii prædicti Soeni…Gunnor uxoris suæ…uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii Gerei patris sui", by undated charter[942]. “Hamo de Sancto Claro” donated “ecclesie Sancte Marie Walcre” to Colchester St. John, for the souls of King Henry I, Queen Matilda, “Eudonis dapiferi et...mee et uxoris mee Gunnoris et anime Huberti filii mei”, by undated charter (dated to before 1119), witnessed by “Willelmo de Sancto Claro, Huberto de Sancto Claro...”[943]. Her second husband confirmed grants of her marriage portion in Brome for her soul[944]. m firstly ROBERT FitzSwein Lord of Rayleigh, Essex son of SWEIN FitzRobert & his wife --- (-[1132/40][945]). [946]m secondly as his first wife, HAMON de Saint-Clair, son of --- (-after 1139).

e) MATILDA Bigod (-[1121/33][947]). “Willielmus de Albeneyo, pincerna Henrici regis Anglorum” donated property to Wymondham priory, assisted by “uxoris suæ Matilidis filiæ…Rogeri Bigot” by undated charter, witnessed by “filii…eiusdem Willielmi, Nigellus et Oliverus”[948]. m GUILLAUME d'Aubigny "Pincerna", son of ROGER d'Aubigny & his wife Amice --- (-1139).

f) CECILY Bigod (-after 1136). Her parentage is indicated by the charter dated 23 Apr [1430] under which her descendant “Thomas dominus de Ros, de Hamelake, de Trussebout et de Beavoir” confirmed the possessions of Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire made by "antecessores nostros…Robertum de Toteneio, Willielmum de Toteneyo filium suum, Agnetem de Toteneio filiam dicti Roberti de Toteneyo, Henricum de Rya filium Huberto de Rya, Agnetem de Toteneyo, Willielmum de Albeneio primum, Willielmum de Albeneio secundum, Willielmum de Albeneio tertium, Willielmum de Albeneio quartum, Ywynum de Albeneyo, Heliam de Albeneyo et uxores eorundem, Isabellam filiam domini Willielmi de Albeneio quæ fuit uxor domini de Ros, domini de Beauvoire et de Hamelake"[949], the connection with Robert de Tosny Lord of Belvoir, her maternal grandfather, being established through her marriage. She inherited Belvoir from her mother. "…Willelmu[us] de Albinioc, Cecilia uxor eius, filii eius Willelmus, Rogerius, Matildis filia eius" are listed in the Liber Vitæ of Thorney abbey[950]. "Willielmus de Albeneio Brito…et Ceciliam uxorem meam et Willielmum filium meum" donated land to Thorney monastery, Cambridgeshire by undated charter, witnessed by "Rogero et Roberto filiis meis et Warino Ridel et Olivero et Iwan et Gaufrido nepotibus meis et Roberto Brito…”[951]. "Willielmus de Albenei Brito" donated "terram de Pipewell…de feodo de Bellovidere" to Thorney monastery, Cambridgeshire, with the consent of "Ceciliæ uxoris meæ et Willelmi filii mei", by undated charter, witnessed by "…tres nepotes mei, Oliverus filius Galfridi et Iwanus et Gaufridus de Cabivin…”[952]. "Willielmus de Albineio" donated "ecclesiam de Redmelina" to Belvoir monastery, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "Willielmi filii et hæredis mei et Matildis uxoris meæ et Ceciliæ matris meæ, necnon et Radulphi de Albinei fratris mei", by undated charter[953]. “Willielmus de Albineio” confirmed the possessions of Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "Willielmi filii et hæredis mei et Matildis uxoris meæ et Ceciliæ matris meæ, necnon de Radulphi de Albineio fratris mei", by undated charter[954]. m WILLIAM de Albini Brito, son of MAIN & his wife Adelisa [de Bohun] (-after 1148). He owned part of the fee of Belvoir before Cecily's mother held it, the Complete Peerage concluding therefore that the marriage may have been arranged to settle rival claims[955].

2. WILLIAM Bigod (-after [1091]). Domesday Book records that the king gave land in Horsey, Norfolk to “Roger Bigod...when his brother William came from Apulia with Geoffrey Ridel”[956]. “Willelmus Bigut...” witnessed a charter dated to [1091] records the settlement of a challenge by "Ricardi fratris Widonis de Rupe", represented by "miles…nepos Gisleberti de Marlo…Compains", to the donation by "Hugo comes de Domno Martino" of "feodum…Vuidonis de Rupe" to the priory of Saint-Leu d’Esserent[957]. “Willelmi Bigot” donated “medietate terre de Fraituilla” to Saint-Wandrille, with the consent of “Guidone de Roca et filio eius Widone”, by charter dated to [1091/1120], witnessed by “Hugone sororio suo de Hosdenc et Ricardo Oliuier...”[958].

3. MATILDA (-after [1107]). “Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum” confirmed donations to Thetford Priory, including the donations of “terræ in Daneseia, de maritagio prædictæ Matildis” made by “Hugo de Hosdene et uxor eius Matildis”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[959]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1091/1120] which records the donation made to Saint-Wandrille by “Willelmi Bigot”, witnessed by “Hugone sororio suo de Hosdenc...”[960]. The Complete Peerage dates this charter to [1107][961]. m HUGUES de Hosdenc, son of --- (-after [1107]).

HUGH Bigod, son of ROGER Bigod of Earsham, Suffolk & his [second] wife Adelise de Tosny ([1095]-1177 before 9 Mar). “Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum” donated property to Thetford Priory, for the souls of “patris mei Rogerii Bigoti et matris meæ Adelidis” and for the salvation of “fratris mei Hugonis et sororum mearum”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[962]. The Complete Peerage states that he was William’s brother “presumably of the half-blood”, the basis for the statement being explained on the previous page[963]. He succeeded his [half-]brother in 1120 as Lord of Framlingham, Suffolk. "…Hug Bigoto…" subscribed the charter date [3/10] Jun 1123 under which Henry I King of England granted the lands of "Edrici fil Chetelli" to "Walto de Gloec"[964]. King Stephen created him Earl of Norfolk in [Dec 1140/Jan 1141]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1177 of "comes Hugo Bigod, vir magnificus"[965]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1177 of "Hugo Bigot comes" and that he was succeeded by "Rogerius filius eius"[966].

m firstly (annulled) as her first husband, JULIANE de Vere, daughter of AUBREY de Vere Lord of Hedingham & his wife Adelisa de Clare (-after 1185). “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[967]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Duvercurt” held by “comitissa Juliana…soror comitis Albrici”[968]. She married secondly Walkelin Maminot. The Complete Peerage says that “for the souls of her father and mother and of her husbands Hugh Bigoth and Walkelin Maminot she granted Begham Abbey land in Brockley” but does not quote the original[969]. According to the Complete Peerage, she was still living in 1185, citing a grant by “Juliana comitissa” at Dovercourt to Colne Priory, witnessed by “Alberico comite et Alberico filius eius”, adding “which being notified to Gilbert Bishop of London was not later than 1189”[970].

m secondly as her first husband, GUNDRED, daughter of --- (-[1200/08]). Documents show that “Gundred, widow of Hugh Earl of Norfolk”, disputed her husband’s inheritance after his death in favour of her son Hugh[971]. She married secondly, as his second wife, Roger de Glanville. A charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Bungay Nunnery by “Rogeri de Glanvill et Gundredæ comitissæ uxoris meæ” of property at Bungay[972]. It is probably a safe conclusion that Roger de Glanville’s “countess Gundred” was the widow of the earl of Norfolk as no other countess of this name has been identified at that time in England. According to The Complete Peerage[973], she was “apparently” Gundred of Warwick, daughter of Roger Earl of Warwick & his wife Gundred de Warenne of Surrey. This parentage is deduced from a charter under which "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[974]. The Complete Peerage makes the assumption that “Gundrede uxoris mee” and “Comitisse” in this document refer to the same person[975]. A charter of King Henry II which records that “primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys” married “Gundredam comitissam Warwic”[976], certainly suggests that this assumption is probably correct, but the question is not entirely without doubt. However, greater problems arise when attempting to link the supposed daughter of Roger Earl of Warwick with these two marriages. The Complete Peerage cites a series of documents based on which, it suggests, the link is a reasonable assumption[977]. However, on closer examination, the only one of these documents which provides any indication of a connection is the Red Book of the Exchequer, in which the 1166 return of William Earl of Warwick (Gundred’s supposed brother) shows that he had received Bungay (subject of the donation in the charter quoted above) in exchange from the Earl of Leicester[978]. However, this provides only circumstancial evidence regarding the link and, if this is the only indication available, it cannot safely be concluded that the link is proved beyond all doubt. The safest position is therefore to show Gundred’s parentage as unproven.

Earl Hugh & his first wife had one child:

1. ROGER Bigod (-1221 before 2 Aug). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1177 of "Hugo Bigot comes" and that he was succeeded by "Rogerius filius eius"[979]. He was recognised as Earl of Norfolk 25 Nov 1189. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Rogerus Bigod" paying "lxii l xii s vi d" in Norfolk, Suffolk[980]. “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[981]. The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[982]. m IDA, daughter of ---. The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[983]. “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[984]. She was mistress ([1175/76] of Henry II King of England, and mother of William Longespee Earl of Salisbury. The relationship is confirmed by two documents. Firstly, William Longespee refers to his mother as "comitissa Ida, mater mea" and "Ida comitissa, mater mea" in two charters[985]. Secondly, a list of hostages captured at the battle of Bouvines in 1214 includes "Rad[ulfus] Bigot frater comitis Salesbir[iensis]"[986]. Roger & his wife had [seven] children:

a) HUGH Bigod (-[11/18] Feb 1225). The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[987]. “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[988]. He succeeded his father in 1221 as Earl of Norfolk.

- see below.

b) WILLIAM Bigod . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[989].

c) JOHN Bigod . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[990].

d) RALPH Bigod (-after 1214). The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[991]. A list of hostages captured at the battle of Bouvines in 1214 includes "Rad[ulfus] Bigot frater comitis Salesbir[iensis]"[992].

e) ROGER Bigod (-1230). “Rogerus Bigot, filius comitis Rogeri Bigot” granted property to “Willelmo Russell filio Waldras” by charter dated to [1190/1220][993].

f) BASILIA . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[994].

g) MARY Bigod . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[995]. A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Ranulphum filium Roberti" married "Maria filia Rogeri Bigod comitis Norfolk"[996]. m RANDULF FitzRobert Lord of Middleham, son of ROBERT FitzRalph & his wife Heloise de Glanville.

h) MARGERY Bigod . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[997]. She is named as wife of William de Hastings in Burke’s Dormant and Extinct Peerages[998]. This is presumably an extrapolation from Dugdale’s Baronage which records her parentage, but marriage with William [II] de Hastings[999], which appears incorrect from a chronological point of view. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. m WILLIAM [III] de Hastings, son of WILLIAM [II] de Hastings & his wife Matilda Banaster (-[Jan 1226]).

i) IDA . The Liber Vitæ of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[1000].

j) [ALICE Bigod (-after 1214). According to the Complete Peerage, the second wife of Aubrey was “apparently” the daughter of Roger, but it cites no primary source on which this is based, suggesting that “it may be derived from the Book of Colne Priory” without further explanation[1001]. m (after 1207) as his second wife, AUBREY de Vere Earl of Oxford, son of AUBREY de Vere Earl of Oxford & his third wife Agnes de Essex ([1163 or later]-1214 before Oct, bur Colne Priory).]

Earl Hugh & his second wife had two children:

2. HUGH Bigod . Documents show that “Gundred, widow of Hugh Earl of Norfolk”, disputed her husband’s inheritance after his death in favour of her son Hugh[1002]. “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[1003].

3. WILLIAM Bigod . The Complete Peerage names “Hugh and William” as the two sons of Earl Hugh by his second marriage, citing the 1190/91 Pipe Roll[1004]. [1005]m MARGARET, daughter and heiress of ROBERT de Sutton, of Bures, Essex & his wife ---. Bracton records a claim, dated 1220, by "Walterus de Verdun" against "abbatem de Meaudona" for "aduocacionem ecclesie de Langedona" granted by "Robertus de Sutton" to "Willelmo de Bigod in maritagium cum filia sua"[1006].

1. HENRY Bigod (-after 1210). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Henricus Bigod" holding "dimidiam hidam per serjanteriam" in Hereford in [1210/12][1007].

HUGH Bigod, son of ROGER Bigod Earl of Norfolk & his wife Ida --- (-[11/18] Feb 1225). “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[1008]. He succeeded his father in 1221 as Earl of Norfolk. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hugo Bigot comes” died in 1225[1009]. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1225 of “Hugo Bigot comes Norfolchiæ”[1010].

m ([before Lent] 1207) as her first husband, MATILDA Marshal of Pembroke, daughter of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel Ctss of Pembroke ([before 1195]-1/7 Apr 1248). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that Matilda married “Hugoni le Bigod comiti Norfolke et Suffolke” and secondly “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey”[1011]. Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her first child in [1212/13]. Henry III King of England granted letters of conduct to "Matildis uxor Hugonis Bygod" dated 7 Sep 1217[1012]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hugo Bigot comes…uxor” married “comiti Warenniæ”[1013]. She married secondly as his second wife, William [IV] de Warenne Earl of Surrey.

Earl Hugh & his wife had [four] children:

1. [ISABEL . The sources which report the parentage of the wife of Gilbert de Lacy are conflicting. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Gilbertus de Lacy” married “Isabellæ Mareschal”[1014], presumably confusing her with Isabel daughter of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke who married firstly Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford and secondly Richard Earl of Cornwall. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Isabella soror Johannis" as daughter of ”Rogerus sive Radulphus Bigod, secundus filius Hugonis le Bigod com. Norfolke et Suffolke…” and his wife “Bertam de Fornivale”, adding that she married firstly "Gilberto de Lacy" and secondly "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey"[1015]. This must also be incorrect, as any children of Ralph Bigod could not have been born before the late 1220s at the earliest, which is inconsistent with the timing of Isabel’s first marriage. If Isabel was a member of the Bigod family, she must have been the daughter of Hugh and Matilda Marshal of Pembroke. This is the solution adopted by the Complete Peerage[1016], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. m firstly GILBERT de Lacy, of Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, son of WALTER de Lacy Lord of Meath & his wife --- (-[12 Aug/25 Dec] 1230, bur Lanton, Wales). m secondly JOHN FitzGeoffrey, son of GEOFFREY FitzPiers Earl of Essex & his second wife Aveline de Clare (-1258). Justiciar of Ireland.]

2. ROGER Bigod ([1212/13]-4 Jul 1270, bur Thetford 10 Jul 1270). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Hugo Bigod primus filius, comes Norfolke et Suffolke, et Rogerus sive Radulfus secundus filius” as the children of “Hugoni le Bigod comiti Norfolke et Suffolke” and his wife[1017], although this reverses the order of birth of the two sons. He succeeded his father in 1225 as Earl of Norfolk. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die Translationis Sancti Martini" [4 Jul] of "Rogerus Bigod comes Norfol. et Suff. marescallus Angliæ, Cuhabe" and his burial "apud Thetford monachorum"[1018]. The Annals of Osney record the death “V Non Jul” in 1270 of “Rogerus Bigod marescallus Angliæ”[1019]. A writ dated 6 Jul "54 Hen III", after the death of "Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk", names "Roger Bigot, son of the late Hugh le Bigot brother of the said earl, age variously stated as 24 and more, 25 and more and 26 and more, is his heir"[1020]. m (Alnwick May 1225, repudiated 1245 on grounds of consanguinity, compelled to cohabit again by ecclesiastical sentence 1253) ISABEL of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (-after 1253, bur Church of the Black Friars, London). Henry III King of England granted property to "Isabelle soori A. regis Scottorum" on her marriage to "Rogero filio et heredi H. le Bigod comitis Norfolkie" dated 11 May 1225[1021]. An order dated 20 May 1225 refers to the marriage of "Rogerum fil et heredem H. com le Bigod" and "Isab sorore reg Scot"[1022]. She is called "filiam regis Scotiæ" (but not named) by Matthew Paris when he records her husband's resumption of their marriage [1023]. She appears to have been living in Gloucestershire in Oct 1263.

3. HUGH Bigod (-before 7 May 1266). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Hugo Bigod primus filius, comes Norfolke et Suffolke, et Rogerus sive Radulfus secundus filius” as the children of “Hugoni le Bigod comiti Norfolke et Suffolke” and his wife[1024], although this reverses the order of birth of the two sons. Chief Justiciar of England 1257. m (after 1241) as her second husband, JOAN de Stuteville, widow of HUGH Wake, daughter of NICHOLAS [IV] de Stuteville & his wife Devorguilla of Galloway (-before 6 Apr 1276). The Testa de Nevill lists fees in Leicester, dated 1247, which include "De terris Normannorum, dicunt quod Hugo le Bigod tenet Wyrithele nomine Johanne uxoris sue que fuit uxor Hugonis Wake..."[1025]. The Chronicle of Lanercost records in 1255 a dispute involving "Hugonem de Bigod, fratrem Rogeri comitis Marescalli, pro uxore sua filia et herede dominorum de Stuteville"[1026]. A writ dated 6 Apr "4 Edw I", after the death of "Joan de Stutevill" names "Baldwin de Wake her son is her next heir and of full age", and also refers to events "after the death of Hugh le Bigot sometime her husband"[1027]. Hugh & his wife had three children:

a) ROGER Bigod ([1243/46]-6 Dec 1306). A writ dated 6 Jul "54 Hen III", after the death of "Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk", names "Roger Bigot, son of the late Hugh le Bigot brother of the said earl, age variously stated as 24 and more, 25 and more and 26 and more, is his heir"[1028]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "Rogerum filium Hugonis Bigod fratris eiusdem defuncti" when recording that he succeeded his paternal uncle as Earl of Norfolk[1029]. He succeeded his uncle in 1270 as Earl of Norfolk. “Rogerus le Bigod comes Norfolciæ” donated property to Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire by charter dated 4 Aug 1301, witnessed by ”domino Johanne le Bygod fratre meo, domino Johanne de Bygod de Stocton…”[1030]. The earldom reverted to the crown on his death, under the terms of a re-grant for life agreed 12 Apr 1302[1031]. m firstly (before 29 Oct 1271) as her second husband, ALINE Basset, widow of HUGH Le Despencer, daughter and heiress of PHILIP Basset of Wycombe, Berkshire & his first wife Hawise de Lovaine ([1242/50]-before 11 Apr 1281). A writ dated 6 Nov "55 Hen III", after the death of "Philip Basset", names "Aline his daughter, wife of Roger Bygod earl of Norfolk, marshal of England, late the wife of Hugh le Despensir, age variously stated as 22 and more, 24 and more, 26 and 30 and more, is the heir"[1032]. Inquisitions after a writ "9 Edw I" following the death of "Aline la Despensere daughter and heir of Philip Basset, alias Aveline countess of Norfolk alias Aline countess Marescall" name “Hugh son of Hugh le Despencer age [...20 in the first week of March last] is next heir”[1033]. m secondly (1290) ALIX de Hainaut, daughter of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut [later JAN II Count of Holland] & his wife Philippine de Luxembourg (-26 Oct 1317). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage of "Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ et marescallus Angliæ" and "Aliciam filiam Johannis de Areynes comitis Agennogiæ"[1034].

b) JOHN Bigod . “Rogerus le Bigod comes Norfolciæ” donated property to Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire by charter dated 4 Aug 1301, witnessed by ”domino Johanne le Bygod fratre meo, domino Johanne de Bygod de Stocton…”[1035]. His brother settled on him, his wife and two sons, the manor of Settrington, Yorkshire 25 Apr 1302[1036]. An inspeximus dated 4 Mar 1303 records that “Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk and marshal of England” gave “the manor of Seterington, co. York” to “John le Bygod of Stokton knight and Isabel his wife...remainder to John son of the said John and Isabel...remainder to Roger son of the said John and Isabel”[1037]. He was unable to succeed to the Earldom of Norfolk which had been re-granted to his brother Roger in 1302 only for the latter's life. m ISABEL, daughter of --- (-after 25 Apr 1302). An inspeximus dated 4 Mar 1303 records that “Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk and marshal of England” gave “the manor of Seterington, co. York” to “John le Bygod of Stokton knight and Isabel his wife...remainder to John son of the said John and Isabel...remainder to Roger son of the said John and Isabel”[1038]. John & his wife had two children:

i) JOHN Bigod of Settrington, Yorkshire . An inspeximus dated 4 Mar 1303 records that “Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk and marshal of England” gave “the manor of Seterington, co. York” to “John le Bygod of Stokton knight and Isabel his wife...remainder to John son of the said John and Isabel...remainder to Roger son of the said John and Isabel”[1039].

ii) ROGER Bigod . An inspeximus dated 4 Mar 1303 records that “Roger le Bygod earl of Norfolk and marshal of England” gave “the manor of Seterington, co. York” to “John le Bygod of Stokton knight and Isabel his wife...remainder to John son of the said John and Isabel...remainder to Roger son of the said John and Isabel”[1040].

c) JOAN Bigod . A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Philippus de Kyme” married “Hugoni Bigot…filiam suam”[1041]. Her name is confirmed by a charter dated to the reign of King Edward II under which “Philip de Kyme, son and heir of William de Kyme” confirmed property to Bullington priory, for his soul and that of “Joan his wife”[1042]. m PHILIP de Kyme Lord Kyme, son of WILLIAM de Kyme & his wife Lucy de Ros (-1323 before 2 Apr).

4. RALPH Bigod . The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names ”Rogerus sive Radulphus Bigod, secundus filius Hugonis le Bigod com. Norfolke et Suffolke et Matildæ primæ filiæ Willihelmi Marescalli, et frater Hugonis Bygod com. Norfolke et Suffolke”[1043]. m BERTHA de Furnival, daughter of ---. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that ”Rogerus sive Radulphus Bigod, secundus filius Hugonis le Bigod com. Norfolke et Suffolke…” married “Bertam de Fornivale”[1044]. Ralph & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN Bigod . The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Johannes Bigod" as son of ”Rogerus sive Radulphus Bigod, secundus filius Hugonis le Bigod com. Norfolke et Suffolke…” and his wife “Bertam de Fornivale”[1045].

C. EARLS of NORFOLK 1312-1397 (PLANTAGENET)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

THOMAS "of Brotherton", son of EDWARD I King of England & his second wife Marguerite de France (Brotherton, Yorkshire 1 Jun 1300-[4 Aug/20 Sep] 1338, bur Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk). The Annals of Worcester record the birth “IV Non Jun…in manerio de Brothertone” in 1300 of “Margareta regina…filium…Thomas”[1046]. He was created Earl of Norfolk 16 Dec 1312, and Marshal of England 10 Feb 1316. King Edward II issued a charter dated 18 Apr 1318 to “Thomæ comiti Norffolciæ et marescallo Angliæ et Edmundo de Wodestok fratribus nostris...executoribus testamenti bonæ memoriæ Margaretæ nuper reginæ Angliæ matris nostræ”[1047]. Keeper of England during the king's absence in Scotland in Spring 1319. He supported King Edward II, with his brother Edmund, in his campaign against the enemies of the Despenser family in Autumn 1321. By 1326 he joined the queen and her lover Roger Mortimer in their plot to overthrow the king, but in 1330 helped his nephew Edward III to overthrow their joint regency. Charges of oppression were brought against Thomas, and King Edward III retook the Marshalsy of England from him in Mar 1337.

m firstly ([1316/20]) ALICE Halys, daughter of ROGER Halys [Hales] of Harwich, Essex [coroner of Norfolk] & his wife --- (-[8 May 1326/1330]).

m secondly ([1328]) as her second husband, MARY de Brewes, widow of RALPH de Cobham Lord Cobham of Norfolk, daughter of PIERS de Brewes [Briouse] of Tetbury, Gloucestershire & his wife Agnes --- (-[17 Apr 1361/15 Jun 1362]).

Thomas Earl of Norfolk & his first wife had three children:

1. EDWARD ([1320]-before Aug 1334[1048]). m (Hereford [May/Jun] 1328) as her first husband, BEATRICE Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer [later Earl of March] & his wife Joan de Geneville [Joinville] (-16 Oct 1383). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Edmundum primogenitum…Rogerum militem, Galfridum…Johannem…Katherinam… Johannam…Agnetam…Margaretam… Matildam… Blanchiam…et Beatricem” as children of “Roger comes et Johanna uxor eius”, adding that Beatrice married “Edwardo filio et hæredi domini Thomæ Brotherton comitis marescalli” and after the death of her first husband “domino Thomæ de Breusa”[1049]. She married secondly ([1334]/before 13 Sep 1337) Thomas de Brewes, who became Lord Brewes in 1348.

2. MARGARET ([1320/22]-24 Mar 1399, bur Charterhouse, Smithfield, London or Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). She succeeded her father in 1338[1050] as Countess of Norfolk, suo iure. The will of "Walter Lord of Manney Knight", dated 30 Nov 1371, chose burial “in...the quire of the Carthusians called Our Lady near West Smithfield”, bequeathed property to “Mary my sister a nun...my two bastard daughters nuns...Mailosel and Malplesant...Cishbert my cousin...Margaret Mareschall my...wife...my daughter of Pembroke...”[1051]. She was created Duchess of Norfolk for life 29 Sep 1397. m firstly (after 3 Mar 1327, probably [1337/38]) JOHN de Segrave Lord Segrave, son of STEPHEN de Segrave Lord Segrave & his wife Alice FitzAlan of Arundel ([1315]-1 Apr 1353). He succeeded his father in 1325 as Lord Segrave. m secondly (shortly before 30 May 1354) WALTER de Mauny, son of JEAN "le Borgne" de Mauny [Magny] Seigneur de Magny[-en-Hainaut] & his wife Jeanne de Jenlain ([1310]-London 8 or 15 Jan 1372, bur Charterhouse, Smithfield, London). He came to England as a page of Philippa de Hainaut, on her marriage to King Edward III. He served the King in campaigns in Flanders, Brittany, Scotland, Gascony, and at the capture of Calais in Aug 1347. Summoned to Parliament from 1347 as Lord Mauny. Appointed Admiral of the Fleet from the Thames to Berwick Mar 1348. He was one of the guarantors of the Treaty of Brétigny 8 May 1360, and an arbitrator on the claims to the duchy of Brittany. The will of "Walter Lord of Manney Knight", dated 30 Nov 1371, chose burial “in...the quire of the Carthusians called Our Lady near West Smithfield”, bequeathed property to “Mary my sister a nun...my two bastard daughters nuns...Mailosel and Malplesant...Cishbert my cousin...Margaret Mareschall my...wife...my daughter of Pembroke...”[1052]. Ctss Margaret & her first husband had three children:

- see Part D, below.

Ctss Margaret & her second husband had two children:

a) ANNE de Mauny (24 Jul 1355-3 Apr 1384). The will of "Walter Lord of Manney Knight", dated 30 Nov 1371, chose burial “in...the quire of the Carthusians called Our Lady near West Smithfield”, bequeathed property to “Mary my sister a nun...my two bastard daughters nuns...Mailosel and Malplesant...Cishbert my cousin...Margaret Mareschall my...wife...my daughter of Pembroke...”[1053]. She succeeded her father in 1372 as Baroness Mauny. The will of "John de Hastings Earl of Pembroke", dated 5 May 1372, proved 17 Jul 1376, chose burial “in the church of St Paul’s London”, bequeathed property to “Ann my...wife...”[1054]. m ([Jul or after] 1368) as his second wife, JOHN Hastings Earl of Pembroke, son of LAURENCE de Hastings Earl of Pembroke & his wife Anne de Mortimer (Sutton Valence 29 Aug 1347-Picardy 1375, bur Hereford Church of the Friars Preachers).

b) THOMAS de Mauny (-died aged 5).

3. ALICE ([1324]-Bungay, Suffolk [14 Nov 1351/30 Jan 1352]). She died from wounds received in an assault by her husband[1055]. Betrothed (1333) to WILLIAM de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Lord Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Katharine de Grandson (Donyatt, Somerset 20 Jun 1328-3 Jun 1397, bur Bisham), who succeeded his father in 1344 as Earl of Salisbury and later contracted a bigamous marriage with her first cousin Joan of Kent. m (before 29 Aug 1338) as his first wife, EDWARD de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Lord Montagu & his wife Elisabeth de Montfort ([1304]-14 Jul 1361). He was summoned to parliament 20 Nov 1348, whereby he is held to have become Lord Montagu.

Thomas Earl of Norfolk & his second wife had one child:

4. JOHN . Monk at Ely Abbey, Cambridgeshire.

D. EARLS of NORFOLK (SEGRAVE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

HEREWARD of Segrave, Leicestershire.

m ---. The name of Hereward's wife is not known.

Hereward & his wife had one child:

1. GILBERT de Segrave (-[before Nov 1201]). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Gilbertus de Segrave" held four parts of one knight’s fee from "Willelmi comitis de Warwico" in Warwickshire[1056]. "…Gileberto de Satgraue…" witnessed the charter dated to the reign of King Henry II under which "Bertram de Verdum" granted land at Long Whatton, Leicestershire to "Wauchelino filio Baldewini et Aeliz uxori sue", which was held by "mater uxoris predicti Walchelini" during the reign of King Henry I[1057]. m ---. The name of Gilbert's wife is not known. Gilbert & his wife had one child:

a) STEPHEN de Segrave (-Leicester Abbey 1241). Henry III King of England ordered "Stephano de Sedgrave" to surrender the manors of "Meleburne, Kirketone, Stauntone, Tingdene, Leland", as well as "Novum Castrum super Linam quod G. filius vester tenet", by letter dated 14 Jun 1234[1058]. Matthew Paris names "…Stephanus de Segrave, specialis regis consiliarius et quasi Angliæ justitiarius…" among those who died in 1241[1059]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1241 of “Stephanus de Sagreve”[1060]. m firstly ROHESE le Despencer, daughter of THOMAS le Despencer & his wife ---. The Complete Peerage records her parentage and marriage[1061]. m secondly as her first husband, IDA Hastings, daughter of WILLIAM [III] de Hastings & his wife Margery Bigod of Norfolk (-before 2 Mar 1289, bur London, Church of the Grey Friars). She married secondly Hugh Pecche. Stephen & his [first/second] wife had three children:

i) JOHN de Segrave (-before Nov 1230). King Henry III granted "maritagium Emme de Cauz que fuit uxor Johannis de Sedgrave, filii ipsius Stephani" to "Stephano de Sedgrave" dated 2 Nov 1230[1062]. m as her first husband, EMMA de Cauz, daughter of ROGER de Cauz & his wife --- (-after 2 Nov 1230). Bracton records a claim, dated 1229, which involved "Johannem de Segraue et Emmam uxorem eius filiam et heredem…Rogeri de Cauz"[1063]. King Henry III granted "maritagium Emme de Cauz que fuit uxor Johannis de Sedgrave, filii ipsius Stephani" to "Stephano de Sedgrave" dated 2 Nov 1230[1064]. She married secondly (after 2 Nov 1230) as his second wife, John de Grey of Shirland, Derbyshire.

ii) STEPHEN de Segrave (-before 1241). Henry III King of England issued letters of presentation of "ecclesie de Burneham" to "Stephanus filius Stephani de Segrave" dated 26 Dec 1222[1065].

iii) GILBERT de Segrave (-Pons, Poitou before 8 Oct 1254). Bracton records a claim, dated 1234/35, relating to "manerium de Burtona" granted to "Gilbertus de Segraue…per consilium Stephani de Segraue patris sui"[1066]. Henry III King of England ordered "Stephano de Sedgrave" to surrender "Novum Castrum super Linam quod G. filius vester tenet" by letter dated 14 Jun 1234[1067]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Gilbertus de Segrave” died in 1254 in the prison of “Reginaldi de Puns in partibus transmarinis”[1068]. An undated writ after the death of "Gilbert de Segrave" names "Nicholas his son, age variously stated as 16 and 17 as his heir"[1069]. m (before 30 Sep 1231) as her first husband, AMABIL, daughter of ROBERT de Chaucombe & his wife --- (-after 26 Aug 1273, bur Chaucombe Priory). A charter dated 30 Sep 1231 records a final settlement between "Radulfum Basset et Milesantam uxorem eius" and "Robertum de Chaucumbe" relating to land at Strubby, Lincolnshire granted by Robert to Ralph "in liberum maritagium…habuerit quam Amabilem uxorem Gileberti de Segrave et predictam Milisantam" and providing for the future division of Robert’s lands between Melisende and Amabilis, "sine consilio Stephani de Segrave et Willelmi Basset"[1070]. She married secondly as his second wife, Roger [IV] de Somery. Gilbert & his wife had two children:

(a) ALICE (-after 8 Jan 1268). m WILLIAM [V] Mauduit, son of WILLIAM [IV] Mauduit of Hanslope, Berkshire & his wife Alice of Warwick ([1220/21]-8 Jan 1267, bur Westminster Abbey). He succeeded in 1263 as Earl of Warwick.

(b) NICHOLAS de Segrave ([1238]-before 12 Nov 1295, bur Chaucombe Priory). An undated writ after the death of "Gilbert de Segrave" names "Nicholas his son, age variously stated as 16 and 17 as his heir"[1071]. He was summoned to Parliament 24 Jun 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Segrave.

- see below.

NICHOLAS de Segrave, son of GILBERT de Segrave & his wife Amabil de Chaucombe ([1238]-before 12 Nov 1295, bur Chaucombe Priory). An undated writ after the death of "Gilbert de Segrave" names "Nicholas his son, age variously stated as 16 and 17 as his heir"[1072]. He was summoned to Parliament 24 Jun 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Segrave.

m MATILDA, daughter of ---.

Lord Nicholas & his wife had two children:

1. JOHN de Segrave ([1256]-before 4 Oct 1325, bur Chaucombe Priory). He succeeded his father as Lord Segrave. m CHRISTIAN du Plessis, daughter of HUGH du Plessis Lord Plessis & his wife --- (-after 8 May 1331). Lord John & his wife had two children:

a) STEPHEN de Segrave (-before 12 Dec 1325, bur Chaucombe Priory). He succeeded his father in [1325] as Lord Segrave. m ALICE FitzAlan of Arundel, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Alasia di Saluzzo (-7 Feb 1340). Lord Stephen & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN de Segrave ([1315]-1 Apr 1353). He succeeded his father in 1325 as Lord Segrave. m (after 3 Mar 1327, probably [1337/38]) as her first husband, MARGARET of Norfolk, daughter of THOMAS "of Brotherton" Earl of Norfolk & his first wife Alice Halys ([1320/22]-24 Mar 1399, bur Charterhouse, Smithfield, London or Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). She succeeded her father in 1338 as Ctss of Norfolk, suo iure. She was created Duchess of Norfolk for life 29 Sep 1397. Lord John & his wife had three children:

(a) ELIZABETH de Segrave (Croxton Abbey 25 Oct 1338-before 1368). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Johannis]” married “filiam et hæredem domini de Segrave…Elizabetha”[1073]. m (1349) JOHN Mowbray, son of JOHN Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Joan of Lancaster (Epworth 25 Jun 1340-killed in battle [Palestine] 1368). He succeeded his father as Lord Mowbray.

(b) JOHN de Segrave (1340-before 1353). m (1349) as her first husband, BLANCHE Mowbray, daughter of JOHN Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Joan of Lancaster (-1409).

b) CHRISTIAN de Segrave . m (contract May 1305) JOHN de Mohun, son of JOHN de Mohun Lord Mohun & his first wife Ada --- (-before 1330).

2. ELEANOR de Segrave . The Book of Lacock records that “Alanus de la Souch” married “Alianoram filiam Nicholai de Segrave” by whom he had “Elam, Matildam, Elizabetham, Rogerum de la Souche”[1074]. m ALAN [III] la Zouche, son of ROGER [II] la Zouche & his wife Ela de Longespee (9 Oct 1266-[1313/14]).

1. NICHOLAS de Segrave . Baron of Stowe, Staffordshire. m ---. The name of Nicholas's wife is not known. Nicholas & his wife had one child:

a) MATILDA de Segrave . m EDMUND de Bohun, son of JOHN de Bohun of Haresfield & his wife ---.

E. DUKES of NORFOLK 1397-1476 (MOWBRAY)

ROGER de Mowbray, son of NELE d'Aubigny & his second wife Gundred de Gournay (-[late 1187/1188], bur Tyre). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Nigello de Albinneio” married “Gundredam filiam Giraldi de Gornaco” by whom he had “filium...Rogerium de Moubraio”[1075]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Roger de Molbrai" in Yorkshire, Northumberland[1076]. ”Gundreda, uxor Nigelli de Albini” donated property to the Hospital of St Leonard, York by undated charter which names “Rogero de Molbray filio suo”[1077]. “Rogerus de Moubray” donated property to Newburgh Abbey, for the soul of “patris mei Nigelli et matris meæ Gundredæ…et uxoris meæ Adeliz”, by undated charter witnessed by “Samsone de Albineio”[1078]. “Rogerus de Molbrai” confirmed the donation of property to Pontefract Priory by “uxor mea…pro anima prioris domini sui Ilberti de Lasci”, by undated charter witnessed by “Willielmus Peverel…Turgis de Molbray…”[1079]. An undated charter notes the donation of ”Hospitale Sancti Michaelis Archangeli” to Whitby Monastery, at the request of “Dominam Gundredam uxorem Nigelli de Albini” for the soul of “Rogero de Moubray filio eorum”[1080]. “Rogerus de Molbray” confirmed the grant of property to the hospital of St Peter, York, with the consent of “Nigellus filius meus”, by charter dated to [1155/65][1081]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Rogerus de Munbray lxxiii s iv d" in Warwickshire, Leicestershire in [1161/62][1082]. He left on crusade in [late 1185], was taken prisoner at the battle of Hittin 4 Jul 1187, ransomed by the Templars but died in Palestine or on his way back[1083]. A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus de Molbray, qui fundavit abbatiam de Bellalanda” was captured “a Saracenis”, ransomed by the Templars, died “in terra sancta” and was buried “apud Sures”[1084].

m ([Feb 1141/20 Jun 1143]) as her second husband, ALICE de Gand, widow of ILBERT de Lacy, daughter of WALTER de Gand & his wife Mathilde de Penthièvre. “Aliz de Gant” donated property to Pontefract Priory, for the souls of “prioris domini mei Ilberti de Lascy” and with the consent of “Henricus de Lascy”, by undated charter[1085]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which “Rogerus de Molbrai” confirmed the donation of property to Pontefract Priory by “uxor mea…pro anima prioris domini sui Ilberti de Lasci”, witnessed by “Willielmus Peverel…Turgis de Molbray…”[1086]. It is dated by an undated charter under which Roger de Mowbray and his wife Alice (Ilbert’s widow) donated property to the abbey of St. Mary, Hood, witnessed by William “decanus” who was consecrated bishop of Durham 20 Jun 1143, thus providing the latest date for the document[1087]. “Rogerus de Moubray” donated property to Newburgh Abbey, for the soul of “patris mei Nigelli et matris meæ Gundredæ…et uxoris meæ Adeliz”, by undated charter witnessed by “Samsone de Albineio”[1088]. “Alicia de Gaunt uxor Rogeri de Mubray” donated property to Fountains Abbey by charter dated 13 Apr 1176 which names “filiorum meorum Nigelli et Roberti”[1089].

Roger & his wife had three children:

1. NELE [Nigel] de Mowbray (-Acre 1191). "Roger de Mobraio and Nigel his son" donated property to the abbey of Saint-André-en-Gouffern by charter dated [1160][1090]. “Rogerus de Molbray” confirmed the grant of property to the hospital of St Peter, York, with the consent of “Nigellus filius meus”, by charter dated to [1155/65][1091]. “Alicia de Gaunt uxor Rogeri de Mubray” donated property to Fountains Abbey by charter dated 13 Apr 1176 which names “filiorum meorum Nigelli et Roberti”[1092]. He accompanied his father on crusade in [late 1185][1093]. “Rogerum de Molbrai et filios suos Nigellum et Robertum” donated property to Fountains Abbey by undated charter[1094]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Nigellus de Munbray" paying "xliv l ii s vi d, iv xx viii [=88?] milites et quartam" in Yorkshire[1095]. A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” took the cross and died “in mare Græco”[1096]. m (before Nov 1170) MABEL, daughter of --- (-[1203]). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Mabiliam” as the wife of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray”[1097]. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family (many of the details in which relating to the early generations of the family are inconsistent with other sources) states that “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” married “filiam Edmondi comitis de Clara…Mabillam”[1098], but her supposed father has not been identified from other sources. “Mabilla uxor domini Nigelli de Moubray” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory, Southwark by undated charter[1099]. "Mabill de Mumbrai" claimed "terra de Mauto [Leicestershire] …ex dono Nigill viri sui" from "Rob de Mubrai" in 1194/95[1100]. Nele & his wife had four children:

a) WILLIAM de Mowbray (-Axholme before 25 Mar 1224, bur Neufbourg). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Willielmum, Robertum, Philippum et Rogerum” as the four sons of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” & his wife, adding that William died “in insula de Haxeiholm” and was buried “apud Novum-Burgum”[1101].

- see below.

b) PHILIP de Mowbray (-after 22 Sep 1196). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Willielmum, Robertum, Philippum et Rogerum” as the four sons of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” & his wife[1102]. “Willielmus de Molbrai” confirmed donations to Newburgh Abbey by “Rogeri de Molbray avi mei et Nigelli de Molbray patris mei” by undated charter, witnessed by “Roberto de Mubray patruo meo, Philippo de Mubray fratre meo, Roberto de Mubray fratre meo…”[1103]. "…Roll constabul, Philipp de Mubray, Willmo de Valloñ, Henr Biset, Thomas de Colville, Adam fil Herb, Ferg fratre Roll, Alexander de Finton" witnessed the charter dated 22 Sep (no year, but dated to after 1196) under which William King of Scotland confirmed the donation of "in territorio de Cliftun" to Melrose abbey made by "Walterus Corbet filius Walteri"[1104].

c) ROBERT de Mowbray (-after 1196). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Willielmum, Robertum, Philippum et Rogerum” as the four sons of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” & his wife[1105]. “Willielmus de Molbrai” confirmed donations to Newburgh Abbey by “Rogeri de Molbray avi mei et Nigelli de Molbray patris mei” by undated charter, witnessed by “Roberto de Mubray patruo meo, Philippo de Mubray fratre meo, Roberto de Mubray fratre meo…”[1106]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Robertus de Munbray" paying "xx s, i militem" in Northamptonshire[1107].

d) ROGER de Mowbray (-after 1210). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Willielmum, Robertum, Philippum et Rogerum” as the four sons of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” & his wife[1108]. “Rogerus de Mowbray” donated property to Newburgh Abbey, with the consent of “Sampsone de Albeneio” to whom “Nigellus pater meus” had granted the property in question, by undated charter[1109]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Rogerus de Munbray" paying "l s, ii militem et dimidium" in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire[1110]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Rogerus de Munbray" holding "x libratas in Fulburne et xvi libratas in Suaveshulle, de terries Britonum, de dono regis Johannis…de serjanteriis et terris sine servitio" in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire in [1210/12][1111].

2. ROBERT de Mowbray (-after 13 Apr 1176). “Alicia de Gaunt uxor Rogeri de Mubray” donated property to Fountains Abbey by charter dated 13 Apr 1176 which names “filiorum meorum Nigelli et Roberti”[1112]. “Rogerum de Molbrai et filios suos Nigellum et Robertum” donated property to Fountains Abbey by undated charter[1113]. “Willielmus de Molbrai” confirmed donations to Newburgh Abbey by “Rogeri de Molbray avi mei et Nigelli de Molbray patris mei” by undated charter, witnessed by “Roberto de Mubray patruo meo, Philippo de Mubray fratre meo, Roberto de Mubray fratre meo…”[1114].

3. [1115]daughter . m WILLIAM de Daiville, son of ---.

WILLIAM de Mowbray, son of NELE de Mowbray & his wife Mabel --- (-Axholme before 25 Mar 1224, bur Neufbourg). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Willielmum, Robertum, Philippum et Rogerum” as the four sons of “filius Rogeri de Molbray primogenitus…Nigellus de Molbray” & his wife, adding that William died “in insula de Haxeiholm” and was buried “apud Novum-Burgum”[1116]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Willelmus de Munbray" paying "iv xx viii l [=88?] v s, iv xx viii [=88?] milites" in Yorkshire[1117]. “Willielmus de Molbrai” confirmed donations to Newburgh Abbey by “Rogeri de Molbray avi mei et Nigelli de Molbray patris mei” by undated charter, witnessed by “Roberto de Mubray patruo meo, Philippo de Mubray fratre meo, Roberto de Mubray fratre meo…”[1118]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus de Munbray et Elyas filius Bernicii" holding one and one half knights’ fees in "Hiltone" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][1119]. Any family relationship between the two individuals has not been traced.

m AVICE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family (many of the details in which relating to the early generations of the family are inconsistent with other sources) states that the wife of “Willihelmus…primogenitus et hæres Nigelli de Molbray” married “[filiam] comitis de Arundel…Agnetem” who was mother of his two sons[1120]. If this is correct, she would have been Agnes, daughter of William Earl of Arundel & his wife Matilda de Saint-Hilaire, but the identification of this person has not yet been corroborated from other sources.

William & his wife had two children:

1. NELE [Nigel] de Mowbray (-Nantes 1230, bur Neufbourg). "Nigel de Mowbray" made a fine for "having seisin of all lands…of which William de Mowbray his father, whose heir he is, was seised on the day he died", dated 25 Mar 1224[1121]. A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Nigellum et Rogerum” as sons of “Willielmus de Molbray”, adding the Nele died “apud Nauntys” childless and was buried “apud Novum-Burgum”[1122]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Nigellus de Mubray” died in 1230[1123]. m as her first husband, MATILDA de Camville, daughter of ROGER de Camville & his wife --- (-before 6 Oct 1240). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Nigellum”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, married “filiam Rogeri de Canevilla”[1124]. She married secondly (before 2 Jan 1234) John de Courtenay. A charter records an assize held “a die Pasche” 1238 records a claim by “H. prior Meritone” against “Johannem de Curtenay et Matildem uxorem eius” relating to “ecclesiam de Reyers”[1125]. The primary source which confirms that Matilda, wife of John de Courtenay, was the same person as the wife of Nele de Mowbray has not yet been identified.

2. ROGER de Mowbray (-[Axholme] [Nov 1266], bur [Pontefract, Friars Church]). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Nigellum et Rogerum” as sons of “Willielmus de Molbray”, adding that Roger was buried “apud Pontemfractum”[1126]. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family (many of the details in which relating to the early generations of the family are inconsistent with other sources) states that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, died “in insula de Haxiholme” and was buried “apud Pomfret…in ecclesia prædictorum fratrum”[1127]. m as her first husband, MATILDA de Beauchamp, daughter of WILLIAM de Beauchamp Baron of Bedford & his wife Ida de Longespee of the Earls of Salisbury (-before Apr 1273). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, married “Matildam, filiam Willielmi de Bello-campo”[1128]. She married secondly Roger Le Strange. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. Roger & his wife had four children:

a) ROGER de Mowbray (-before 21 Nov 1297). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, and his wife had “filias tres et filium unum…Rogerum”[1129]. He was summoned to parliament 24 Jun 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Mowbray.

- see below.

b) JOAN Mowbray . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ([1261]) ROBERT de Mohaut, son of ROGER de Mohaut & his wife Cecily de Albini of the Earls of Arundel (-before 16 Sep 1275).

c) two other daughters . A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, and his wife had “filias tres et filium unum…Rogerum”[1130].

ROGER de Mowbray, son of ROGER de Mowbray & his wife Matilda de Beauchamp (-[Gent] before 21 Nov 1297, bur Fountains Abbey). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, and his wife had “filias tres et filium unum…Rogerum”[1131]. He was summoned to parliament 24 Jun 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Mowbray. A writ dated 4 Oct "23 Edw I", after the death of "Isabel late the wife of Simon de Bello Campo" refers to "Wottone, the manor…held in dower, by the assignment of the said Simon with the consent of William de Bello Campo his father, of the heirs of the barony of Bedford", and names as heirs "of the said barony, Roger aged 30 and more, son of Maud de Moubray sister of the said Simon…"[1132]. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family (many of the details in which relating to the early generations of the family are inconsistent with other sources) states that “Rogerus”, son of “Rogerus”, died “in Gant ultra mare” and was buried “ad abbatiam de Fontibus…anno 1299”[1133].

m (1270) ROHESE de Clare, daughter of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford & his second wife Matilda de Lacy of Lincoln (1252-after 1316). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[1134]. A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, married “Roysam”[1135].

Roger & his wife had [two] children:

1. JOHN de Mowbray (4 Sep 1286-hanged York 23 Mar 1322). A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry names “Johannem” as the son of “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, and his wife[1136]. A manuscript relating to the Mowbray family records the birth “II Non Sep” in 1286 of “Johannes filius Dñi Rogeri de Moubray”[1137]. He succeeded his father in 1297 as Lord Mowbray. He fought for the Earl of Lancaster at the battle of Boroughbridge but was captured by Andrew de Harcia, hanged and his estates forfeited. m (Swansea 1298) as her first husband, ALINE de Briouse, daughter of WILLIAM de Briouse Lord Brewes, Lord of Gower (-before 20 Jul 1331). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Roger]” married “Elianoram filiam domini Willielmi de Brewes in Wallia”[1138]. She married secondly Richard de Peshale. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. Lord John & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN Mowbray (Hovingham, Yorkshire 29 Nov 1310-4 Oct 1361, bur Bedford). “Johannes filius et hæres Johannis de Moubray dominus insulæ de Haxiholme, et de honoribus de Gouher et de Brember” confirmed the donations to Byland Abbey by his ancestors by charter dated “in festo sanctæ Margaretæ virginis 1345”[1139]. He succeeded his father as Lord Mowbray de iure when the latter was hanged in 1322.

- see below.

2. [ROGER de Mowbray . The parentage of Roger has not been confirmed. From a chronological point of view, he could have been a younger son of Roger de Mowbray. The absence of any reference to his parents in the source quoted below suggests that Roger had reached the age of majority at the time of his betrothal, even though his betrothed was probably still a child at the time. If that assumption is correct, it is unlikely that Roger was the son of John de Mowbray who died in 1322. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 17 Apr 1312) to MARGARET Abernethy, daughter of ALEXANDER Abernethy & his wife ---. The Papal dispensation for the marriage between “dominum Rogerum de Moubray” and “Margaretam filiam...Alexandri de Abbernythy”, who were “in gradu consanguinitatis prohibito”, is dated 17 Apr 1312[1140].]

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

JOHN Mowbray, son of JOHN de Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Aline de Briouse (Hovingham, Yorkshire 29 Nov 1310-4 Oct 1361, bur Bedford). “Johannes filius et hæres Johannis de Moubray dominus insulæ de Haxiholme, et de honoribus de Gouher et de Brember” confirmed the donations to Byland Abbey by his ancestors by charter dated “in festo sanctæ Margaretæ virginis 1345”[1141]. A manuscript relating to the Mowbray family records the birth “V Kal Dec…apud Hovingham” in 1310 of “Johannes filius Dñi Johis de Moubray”[1142]. He succeeded his father as Lord Mowbray de iure when the latter was hanged in 1322. However, his father's estates were confiscated for supporting the rebellion of Thomas Earl of Lancaster in his rebellion. John de Mowbray was imprisoned in the Tower 26 Feb 1322. His inheritance was restored on the accession of King Edward III. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Johannis]” was buried “apud Bedford”[1143].

m firstly (after 28 Feb 1327) JOAN of Lancaster, daughter of HENRY Duke of Lancaster & his wife Matilda Chaworth ([1312]-7 Jul [1349], bur Byland Abbey, Yorkshire). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Johannis]” married “Johannam sororem domini Henrici primi ducis Lancastriæ”, adding that she was buried “in Bellanda”[1144].

m secondly as her second husband, ELIZABETH de Vere, widow of HUGH de Courtenay, daughter of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Matilda Badlesmere (-[Aug/Sep] 1375). She married thirdly (before 18 Jan 1369) William de Cosynton.

Lord John & his first wife had three children:

1. BLANCHE Mowbray (-1409). m firstly (1349) JOHN Segrave, son of JOHN de Segrave Lord Segrave & his wife Margaret Ctss of Norfolk (1340-before 1353). m secondly ROBERT Bertram, son of ---. m thirdly THOMAS Poynings, son of ---. m fourthly JOHN Worth, son of ---. m fifthly JOHN Wiltshire, son of ---.

2. ELEANOR Mowbray (-before 18 Jun 1387). m firstly (1358) as his third wife, ROGER La Warre Lord La Warre, son of JOHN La Warre & his wife Margaret de Holand (1326-Gascony 27 Aug 1370). m secondly (before 12 Feb 1373) LEWIS de Clifford, son of --- (-[17 Sep/5 Dec] 1404).

3. JOHN Mowbray (Epworth 25 Jun 1340-killed in battle [Palestine] 1368). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states names “Johannem” as son of “Johannes filius [Johannis]” and his wife “Johannam sororem domini Henrici primi ducis Lancastriæ”[1145]. A manuscript relating to the Mowbray family records the birth in 1341 “in crastino Sci Johis Baptistæ” of “Johannes filius et hæres Dñi Johis de Moubray…[et] domina Johanna filia Dñi Henrici…Comitis Lancastriæ”[1146]. He succeeded his father as 4^th Lord Mowbray. A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Johannis]” left “ad Terram Sanctam” but was killed “a Turcis juxta Constantinopolim anno 1368”[1147]. m ([1349]) ELIZABETH de Segrave, daughter of JOHN de Segrave Lord Segrave & his wife Margaret Ctss of Norfolk (Croxton Abbey 25 Oct 1338-before 1368). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Johannes filius [Johannis]” married “filiam et hæredem domini de Segrave…Elizabetha”[1148]. Lord John & his wife had three children:

a) ELEANOR Mowbray (1364-1417). m (1386) as his first wife, JOHN de Welles Lord Welles, son of JOHN de Welle Lord Welles & his wife Matilda [de Ros] (Conisholme, Lincolnshire 20 Apr 1352-26 Aug 1421).

b) JOHN Mowbray (Epworth 3 Aug 1365-London 1380, bur London Whitefriars Church). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family names “Johannem et Thomam” as the two sons of “Johannes filius [Johannis]” and his wife “filiam et hæredem domini de Segrave…Elizabetha”, adding that John was born “apud Epworth anno 1365”, was created Earl of Nottingham by King Richard II, and died childless “apud Londinum anno 1380” and was buried “apud Albos Fratres in Londino”[1149]. A manuscript relating to the Mowbray family records the birth 3 Aug 1365 “apud Eppeworth” of “Johannes filius et hæres Johis de Moubray [et] Elizabeth filia et hæres Dñi de Segrave”[1150]. He may have succeeded his mother [before 1368] as Lord Segrave. He succeeded his father in 1368 as Lord Mowbray. He was created Earl of Nottingham 16 Jul 1377.

c) THOMAS Mowbray (22 Mar 1366[1151]-Venice 22 Sep 1399, bur Venice, abbey of St George). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family names “Johannem et Thomam” as the two sons of “Johannes filius [Johannis]” and his wife “filiam et hæredem domini de Segrave…Elizabetha”[1152]. He was created Duke of Norfolk in 1397. Earl Marshal of England.

- see below.

THOMAS Mowbray, son of JOHN Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Elizabeth de Segrave (22 Mar 1366-Venice 22 Sep 1399, bur Venice, abbey of St George). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family names “Johannem et Thomam” as the two sons of “Johannes filius [Johannis]” and his wife “filiam et hæredem domini de Segrave…Elizabetha”[1153]. He succeeded his brother in 1383 as Lord Mowbray, Lord Segrave. He was created Earl of Nottingham 10 Feb 1383. He received the office of Earl Marshal of England 12 Jan 1386. He was created Duke of Norfolk 29 Sep 1397, and succeeded as Earl of Norfolk in 1399 on the death of his maternal grandmother. He died of plague at Venice on his return from Palestine[1154].

m firstly ELIZABETH Le Strange Baroness Strange, daughter of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange & his wife Isabel --- ([1374]-23 Aug 1383).

m secondly (Jul 1384) as her second husband, ELIZABETH FitzAlan of Arundel, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Elizabeth Bohun of Northampton (before 1375-8 Jul 1425). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Thomas Mowbray…ducem de Norfolk” married “filiam comitis de Arundell…Elizabetham”[1155]. She married thirdly (before 10 Aug 1401) Robert Goushill of Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, and fourthly (before 18 Apr 1411[1156]) Gerard Usflete.

Duke Thomas & his second wife had five children:

1. THOMAS Mowbray (17 Sep 1385-executed 8 Jun 1405, bur York, Grey Friars). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family names “Thomam” as son of “Thomas Mowbray…ducem de Norfolk” and his wife “filiam comitis de Arundell…Elizabetham”, adding that he was born in 1386[1157]. He succeeded his father in 1399 as Earl of Norfolk. He was involved in the Scrope conspiracy, captured in the priory of Monks Kirby, Warwickshire, and executed without trial[1158]. m (1404) as her first husband, CONSTANCE de Holand, daughter of JOHN de Holand Duke of Exeter & his wife Elizabeth of Lancaster (1387-12 or 14 Nov 1437, bur London, St Katherine by the Tower). She married secondly (before 24 Feb 1413) John Grey of Ruthin. The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”[1159].

2. MARGARET Mowbray ([1388]-after 1437). The will of "Alice Howard wife of John Howard Knight", dated 13 Oct 1426, proved 20 Oct 1426, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...John Howard my husband...Robert Howard my son...Lady Margaret wife of the said Robert”[1160]. m (1417) ROBERT Howard, son of JOHN Howard of Stoke Neyland & his second wife Alice Tendring ([1384/85]-1436).

3. JOHN Mowbray (1392-Epworth [19 Oct] 1432, bur Epworth Priory). He succeeded his brother in 1405 as Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl Marshal. He was restored as Duke of Norfolk 30 Apr 1425. The will of "John Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and of Nottingham, Marshal of England", dated 19 Oct 1432, proved 14 Feb 1433, chose burial “in the Carthusian Church in the Island of Axholme”, bequeathed property to “Katherine wife...”[1161]. m (licence Raby 12 Jan 1412) as her first husband, KATHERINE Neville, daughter of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort ([1402/03]-after 1483). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johannam minorissam, Ricardum, Katherinam ducissam Norfolchie, Henricum mortuum, Thomam dominum de Seymour, Cuthbertum mortuum, Alienoram uxorem comitis Northumbrie, Robertum episcopum Dunelmie, Willelmum dominum de Fauconberge, Annam comitssam Staffordie, Johannem mortuum, Georgium dominum de Latymer, Ceciliam ducissam Eboraci, Edwardum dominum de Bergeny" as the children of "Radulphus dominus de Neuill et comes Westmorlandie" and his wife "Johanna filia Johannis ducis Lancastrie uxor secunda"[1162]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katherine Duchess of Norfolk, m John Duke of Norfolk, m Thomas Strangeways" as sister of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and mother (by her first husband) of "John Duke of Norfolk, father of John Duke of Norfolk" and (by her second husband) of "Jane first wedded to William Willoughby, after to the Marquess of Berkeley" (also listing two children of the last named by her first husband)[1163]. The will of "John Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and of Nottingham, Marshal of England", dated 19 Oct 1432, proved 14 Feb 1433, bequeathed property to “Katherine wife...”[1164]. She married secondly Thomas Strangeways, thirdly John Beaumont Viscount Beaumont, and fourthly John Wydeville. The Annales of William Wyrcester record the marriage Jan 1464 (O.S.) “maritagium diabolicum” of “Katerina ducissa Norffolchiæ juvencula ætatis fere iiixx annorum” and “Johannis Widevile fratri reginæ ætatis xx annorum”[1165]. Duke John & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN Mowbray (12 Sep 1415-6 Nov 1461, bur Thetford). He succeeded his father in 1432 as Duke of Norfolk. m (1424) ELEANOR Bourchier, daughter of WILLIAM Bourchier Comte d'Eu & his wife Anne of Gloucester ([1417]-Nov 1474, bur Thetford). Duke John & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN Mowbray (18 Oct 1444-Framlingham Castle, Suffolk 16/17 Jan 1476, bur Thetford). He was created Earl of Surrey and Warenne 24 Mar 1451. He succeeded his father in 1461 as Duke of Norfolk. On his death, the Dukedom of Norfolk, and Earldoms of Nottingham, Marshall, and Surrey and Warenne became extinct[1166]. m (before 27 Nov 1448) ELIZABETH Talbot, daughter of JOHN Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury & his second wife Margaret Beauchamp of Warwick (-[6 Nov 1506/10 May 1507]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter of "John duke of Norfolk", dated 30 Jun "29 Hen VI", under which he granted the manor of Weston near Baldok, Hertfordshire, formerly belonging to "Elizabeth his grandmother", to "John Mowbray earl Warren and Surrey and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of John earl of Shrewsbury"[1167]. Duke John & his wife had one child:

(a) ANNE Mowbray (Framlingham Castle, Suffolk 10 Dec 1472-Greenwich Palace shortly before 26 Nov 1481, bur Westminster Abbey). She succeeded her father as Ctss of Norfolk, Baroness Mowbray and Segrave, suo iure. m (St Stephen’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster 15 Jan 1478) RICHARD "of Shrewsbury" Duke of York, son of EDWARD IV King of England & his wife Lady Katherine Wydeville (Dominican Friary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire 17 Aug 1473-[murdered] [Sep] 1483, bur [Westminster Abbey]). He was created Earl of Nottingham 12 Jun 1476, and Earl Warenne and Duke of Norfolk 7 Feb 1477, in contemplation of his marriage.

4. ISABEL Mowbray (-27 Sep 1452, bur Gloucester Grey Friars). m firstly (before 13 Jul 1416) HENRY Ferrers, son of WILLIAM Lord Ferrers (of Groby) & his first wife Philippa de Clifford (-before 1423). m secondly ([1423/24]) as his third wife, JAMES de Berkeley Lord Berkeley, son of JAMES de Berkeley & his wife Elizabeth Bluet of Raglan, Monmouthshire (Raglan [1394]-Berkeley Castle Nov 1463, bur Berkeley).

5. ELIZABETH Mowbray (-after 1 Dec 1423). She became a nun at Bruisyard, Suffolk before 17 Jan 1420. m (before 24 Nov 1403) MICHAEL de la Pole, son of MICHAEL Earl of Stafford & his wife Catherine de Stafford ([1394/95]-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415, bur [Ewelme, Oxfordshire]). He succeeded his father in 1415 as Earl of Suffolk.

F. DUKES of NORFOLK 1483-1572 (HOWARD)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. JOHN Howard of Stoke Neyland (-after 13 Oct 1426). m firstly MARGARET de Scales, daughter of ---. m secondly ALICE Tendring, daughter of WILLIAM Tendring of Tendring near Stoke Neyland & his wife --- (-[13/20] Oct 1426). The will of "Alice Howard wife of John Howard Knight", dated 13 Oct 1426, proved 20 Oct 1426, chose burial “in...Stoke Neyland Church near my father”, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...John Howard my husband...Robert Howard my son...Lady Margaret wife of the said Robert”[1168]. John & his first wife had one child:

a) JOHN Howard of Wiggenhall, Norfolk (-24 Apr 1438). m firstly ([1380]) MARGARET de Plaiz, daughter of JOHN de Plaiz Lord Plaiz & his second wife Joan de Stapleton of Bedale, Yorkshire and Ingham, Norfolk (-[10/14] Aug 1391, bur Weeting). She succeeded her father in 1389 as Baroness Plaiz, suo iure. m secondly ---. The name of John’s second wife is not known. John & his first wife had one child:

i) JOHN Howard ([1374]-after 4 Sep 1409). He succeeded his mother in 1391 as Lord Plaiz. The will of "John Howard son of John Howard Knight", dated 4 Sep 1409, proved 26 Oct 1410, chose burial “in Holy Sepulture” and appointed “the Countess of Hertford and John Howard Knight my father” as executors[1169]. m (before May 1406) as her first husband, JOAN Walton, daughter of JOHN Walton of Wyvenhoe, Essex & his wife --- (-1424). She married secondly Thomas Erpingham. John & his wife had one child:

(a) ELIZABETH Howard ([1409/10]-[Stratford Nunnery] after 25 Dec 1475, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars). She was forced to surrender her property to Richard Duke of Gloucester in 1475[1170]. m ([22 May/31 Aug] 1425) JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford, son of RICHARD de Vere Earl of Oxford & his second wife Anne Sergeaux (Hedingham Castle 23 Apr 1408-executed Tower Hill 26 Feb 1462, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars).

John & his second wife had two children:

b) HENRY Howard (-after 13 Oct 1426). The will of "Alice Howard wife of John Howard Knight", dated 13 Oct 1426, proved 20 Oct 1426, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...John Howard my husband...Robert Howard my son...Lady Margaret wife of the said Robert”[1171].

c) ROBERT Howard of Stoke Neyland, Suffolk ([1384/85]-1436). The will of "Alice Howard wife of John Howard Knight", dated 13 Oct 1426, proved 20 Oct 1426, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...John Howard my husband...Robert Howard my son...Lady Margaret wife of the said Robert”[1172]. m (1417) MARGARET Mowbray, daughter of THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Elizabeth FitzAlan of Arundel ([1388]-after 1437). The will of "Alice Howard wife of John Howard Knight", dated 13 Oct 1426, proved 20 Oct 1426, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...John Howard my husband...Robert Howard my son...Lady Margaret wife of the said Robert”[1173]. Robert & his wife had three children:

i) JOHN Howard (1428-killed in battle Bosworth 22 Aug 1485, bur Leicester, transferred to Thetford). He was summoned to parliament 15 Oct 1470, whereby he is held to have become Lord Howard. He was created Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England 28 Jun 1483.

- see below.

ii) MARGARET Howard . m THOMAS Daniel Baron de Rathwier (-1452).

iii) CATHERINE Howard (-1478). m (1448) as his second wife, EDWARD Neville Lord Abergavenny, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (-18 Oct 1476).

JOHN Howard, son of ROBERT Howard & his wife Lady Margaret Mowbray of Norfolk (1428-killed in battle Bosworth 22 Aug 1485, bur Leicester, transferred to Thetford). He was summoned to parliament 15 Oct 1470, whereby he is held to have become Lord Howard. He was created Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England 28 Jun 1483. He was attainted 7 Nov 1485 after his death and all his honours forfeited, although the attainder was later reversed[1174].

m firstly ([1442/43]) CATHERINE de Moleyns, daughter of WILLIAM de Moleyns & his second wife Anne Whalesborough of Cornwall (1429-Stoke Neyland 3 Nov 1465).

m secondly (before 22 Jan 1467) as her third husband, MARGARET Chedworth, widow firstly of NICOLAS Wyfold and secondly of JOHN Norreys of Bray, daughter of JOHN Chedworth & his wife --- (-1494, bur Stoke Neyland).

Duke John & his first wife had six children:

1. THOMAS Howard (Stoke Neyland 1443-Framlingham Castle 21 May 1524, bur 26 Jun 1524 Thetford Abbey). He was created Earl of Surrey in 1483. He was created Earl Marshal for life 10 Jul 1510, and Duke of Norfolk 1 Feb 1514 (when he resigned the earldom of Surrey in favour of his eldest son).

- see below.

2. ANNE Howard . m as his first wife, EDMUND Gorges of Wraxall (1454-1511).

3. ISABEL Howard . m ROBERT Mortimer, son of ---.

4. JOAN Howard (-1508). m (1481) JOHN Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, son of --- ([1446/51]-1510).

5. MARGARET Howard . m as his first wife, JOHN Wyndham of Crownthorpe, son of --- (-executed 1503).

6. NICOLAS Howard .

Duke John & his second wife had one child:

7. CATHERINE Howard (-12 Mar 1536). m JOHN Bourchier Lord Berners, son of HUMPHREY Berners & his wife Elizabeth Tylney of Boston, Lincolnshire ([1466/67]-Calais 19 Mar 1533, bur Calais).

THOMAS Howard, son of JOHN Howard Duke of Norfolk & his first wife Catherine Moleyns (Stoke Neyland 1443-Framlingham Castle 21 May 1524, bur 26 Jun 1524 Thetford Abbey). He was created Earl of Surrey 28 Jun 1483. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Bosworth 22 Aug 1485, but found favour with King Henry VII whom he served for many years[1175]. He was created Earl Marshal for life 10 Jul 1510, and Duke of Norfolk 1 Feb 1514 (when he resigned the Earldom of Surrey in favour of his eldest son).

m firstly (30 Apr 1472) as her second husband, ELIZABETH Tylney, widow of HUMPHREY Bourchier, daughter of FREDERICK Tylney of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk & his wife Elizabeth Cheney of Ditton, Cambridgeshire (-4 Apr 1497).

m secondly (Papal dispensation 17 Aug 1497, licence 8 Nov 1497) AGNES Tylney, daughter of HUGH Tylney of Boston, Lincoln & his wife --- Tailboys (-bur 31 May 1545 Framlingham Abbey).

Duke Thomas & his first wife had ten children:

1. THOMAS Howard (1473-Kenninghall, Norfolk 25 Aug 1554, bur 2 Oct 1554 Framlingham Abbey). He was styled Lord Howard from 1483-1514. He was created Earl of Surrey for life 1 Feb 1514. He succeeded his father in 1524 as Duke of Norfolk. He was created Earl Marshal for life 28 May 1533.

- see below.

2. EDWARD Howard (1477-killed in battle off Brest 25 Apr 1513). m firstly as her third husband, ELIZABETH Stapleton, widow firstly of WILLIAM Calthorpe and secondly of JOHN Fortescue, daughter of MILES Stapleton & his wife --- (-1505). m secondly (before Jan 1506) as her second husband, ALICE Lovel Baroness Morley, widow of WILLIAM Parker, daughter of WILLIAM Lovel [Lord Morely] & his wife Eleanor Morley Baroness Morley and Baroness Marshal ([1465/67]-Hallinbury Morley, Essex 23 Dec 1518).

3. EDMUND Howard ([1478/80]-1539). m firstly as her second husband, JOYCE Culpepper, widow of RALPH Leigh, daughter of RICHARD Culpepper & his wife ---. m secondly DOROTHY Troyes, daughter of THOMAS Troyes & his wife --- (-1530). m thirdly as her second husband, MARGARET Mundy, widow of WILLIAM Uvedale, daughter of JOHN Mundy & his wife ---. Lord Edmund & his first wife had one child:

a) KATHERINE Howard (Lambeth, London or Horsham, Sussex [1525]-executed Tower of London 13 Feb 1542, bur Royal Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London). She was attainted for high treason. m (Oatlands Palace, Surrey 28 Jul 1540) as his fifth wife, HENRY VIII King of England, son of HENRY VII King of England & his wife Elizabeth of York (Greenwich Palace, Kent 28 Jun 1491-Whitehall Palace, London 28 Jan 1547, bur St George's Chapel, Windsor).

4. RICHARD Howard (-young).

5. HENRY Howard (-young).

6. CHARLES Howard (-young).

7. JOHN Howard (-young).

8. HENRY Howard (-young).

9. MURIEL Howard (-Lambeth 14 Dec 1512, bur Lambeth). m firstly JOHN Grey Viscount Lisle, son of EDWARD Grey (of Groby) Viscount Lisle & his first wife Elizabeth Talbot Baroness Lisle of Kingston Lisle (Apr 1480-9 Sep 1504, bur Abingdon Monastery). m secondly (before 9 Jul 1506) THOMAS Knyvet of Buckenham, Norfolk (-killed in battle Brest Aug 1512).

10. ELIZABETH Howard (-Baynard’s Castle 3 Apr 1538, bur Lambeth). m ([1500]) THOMAS Boleyn of Hever, Kent, son of WILLIAM Boleyn of Blickling, Norfolk & his wife Margaret Butler of the Earls of Ormond ([1477]-Hever, Kent 12 Mar 1539, bur Hever). He was created Viscount Rochford in 1525, Earl of Wiltshire and Earl of Ormond in 1529.

Duke Thomas & his second wife had seven children:

11. THOMAS Howard (-1537). Betrothed to MARGARET Douglas, daughter of ARCHIBALD Douglas Earl of Angus & his wife Margaret Tudor Queen Regent of Scotland (Harbottle 18 Oct 1515-Hackney 9 Mar 1578, bur 3 Apr 1578 Westminster Abbey).

12. RICHARD Howard (-1517).

13. WILLIAM Howard ([1509/10]-[Hampton Court or Reigate] 11/12 Jan 1573, bur Reigate, Surrey). He was created Baron Howard of Effingham 9 Oct 1554. m firstly (before 18 Jun 1531) CATHERINE Broughton, daughter of JOHN Broughton of Toddington, Bedfordshire & his wife Anne Sapcote (-23 Apr 1535, bur Lambeth). m secondly (before 1536) MARGARET Gamage, daughter of THOMAS Gamage of Coity, Glamorganshire & his wife Margaret St John of Bletsoe, Bedfordshire (-18 May 1581, bur Reigate, Surrey). He and his second wife were ancestors of the BARONS HOWARD of EFFINGHAM, later EARLS of EFFINGHAM.

14. ANNE Howard (-before 22 Feb 1559, bur Lambeth). m (settlement 16 Nov 1511) JOHN de Vere, son of GEORGE de Vere & his wife Margaret Stafford (14 Aug 1499-14 Jul 1526, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his uncle in 1513 as Earl of Oxford.

15. DOROTHY Howard . m (before 21 Feb 1530) as his first wife, EDWARD Stanley Earl of Derby, son of THOMAS Earl of Derby & his wife Anne Hastings (10 May 1509-Lathom House 24 Oct 1572, bur Ormskirk).

16. ELIZABETH Howard (-18 Sep 1534, bur Lambeth, transferred to Boreham). m (before 21 May 1524) HENRY Radcliffe, son of ROBERT Radcliffe Lord Fitzwalter (later Viscount Fitzwalter, and Earl of Sussex) & his first wife Elizabeth Stafford of the Dukes of Buckingham ([1507]-Canon Row, Westminster 17 Feb 1557, bur London St Lawrence Pountney, transferred to Borham). He succeeded his father in 1542 as Earl of Sussex, Viscount Fitzwalter.

17. CATHERINE Howard .

THOMAS Howard, son of THOMAS Howard Duke of Norfolk & his first wife Elizabeth Tilney (1473-Kenninghall, Norfolk 25 Aug 1554, bur 2 Oct 1554 Framlingham Abbey). He was styled Lord Howard from 1483-1514. Lord High Admiral 4 May 1513-Jul 1525. Created Earl of Surrey for life 1 Feb 1514, when his father was created Duke of Norfolk. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1520-1522. Lord High Treasurer 4 Dec 1522-Feb 1547. He succeeded his father 1524 as Duke of Norfolk. He signed the letter to the Pope concerning King Henry VIII's divorce in 1529, and took an active part in the overthrow of Cardinal Wolsey. He was created Earl Marshal for life 28 May 1533. He was found guilty of high treason, was attainted 27 Jan 1547, and only avoided the death sentence because of the death of King Henry VIII the following day. He remained in prison during the reign of King Edward VI but was released by Queen Mary I who restored him 3 Aug 1553 to his honours[1176].

m firstly (Greenwich 4 Feb 1495) ANNE of York, daughter of EDWARD IV King of England & his wife Elizabeth Wydeville (Palace of Westminster 2 Nov 1475-22 Nov [1511/12], bur Thetford Priory, Norfolk, later removed to Framlingham Church, Suffolk).

m secondly (8 Jan 1513, separated Easter 1533) Lady ELIZABETH Stafford, daughter of EDWARD Stafford Duke of Buckingham & his wife Lady Eleanor Percy ([1497]-Lambeth 30 Nov 1558, bur 7 Dec 1558 Lambeth).

Duke Thomas & his first wife had four children:

1. THOMAS Howard (-young).

2. HENRY Howard (-young).

3. WILLIAM Howard (-young).

4. son (-young).

Duke Thomas & his second wife had three children:

5. MARY Howard (-9 Dec 1557). Lady-in-waiting to Queen Anne of Cleves in 1540. m (dispensation 28 Nov 1533, not consummated) HENRY FitzRoy Duke of Richmond, illegitimate son of HENRY VIII King of England & his mistress Elizabeth Blount (Blackmore, Essex 1519-Thetford 22 Jul 1536).

6. HENRY Howard (1517-executed Tower Hill 19 Jan 1547, bur Allhallows, Barking, later transferred to Framlingham). Earl of Surrey. He was found guilty of high treason at Guildhall 13 Jan 1547 and executed. m (contract 13 Feb 1532, before Apr 1532) as her first husband, FRANCES Vere, daughter of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Elizabeth Trussell ([1516/17]-Earl Soham, Suffolk 30 Jun 1577, bur Framlingham). She married secondly (before 1553) Thomas Steynings of Earl Soham, Suffolk. Earl Henry & his wife had two children:

a) THOMAS Howard (10 Mar 1538-executed Tower Hill 2 Jun 1572, bur The Tower chapel). Earl of Surrey. He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1554 as Duke of Norfolk. He was found guilty of high treason 16 Jan 1572 and attainted when all his honours were forfeited. m firstly (30 Mar 1555 or before) MARY FitzAlan of Arundel, daughter of HENRY FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Lady Catherine Grey (1540-Arundel House, Strand, London 25 Aug 1557, bur London, St Clement Danes). She died in childbirth. m secondly ([10 Dec 1558/2 Mar 1559]) MARGARET Audley, widow of Lord HENRY Dudley, daughter of THOMAS Audley Baron Audley of Walden & his second wife Lady Elizabeth Grey (1540-Norwich 10 Jan 1564, bur 17 Jan 1564 Norwich, St John the Baptist, later transferred to Framlingham). m thirdly (29 Jan 1567) as her second husband, ELIZABETH Lelburne, widow of THOMAS Lord Dacre of Gilsland, daughter of JAMES Leyburne of Cunswick, Westmoreland & his second wife Helen Preston of Levens (-Kenninghall 4 Sep 1567, bur 18 Sep 1567 Kenninghall). She died in childbirth. Duke Thomas & his first wife had one child:

i) PHILIP Howard (1557-1595). Earl of Arundel and Surrey. m ANNE Dacre, daughter of THOMAS Lord Dacre of Gilsland & his first wife Elizabeth Neville of the Earls of Westmoreland. Ancestors of the DUKES of NORFOLK and EARLS of STAFFORD (ext 1762).

Duke Thomas & his second wife had two children:

ii) THOMAS Howard (1561-1626). m firstly MARY Dacre, daughter of THOMAS Lord Dacre of Gilsland & his first wife Elizabeth Neville of the Earls of Westmoreland. m secondly as her second husband, CATHERINE Knevet . Ancestors of the EARLS of SUFFOLK and LORDS HOWARD of French (ext. 1715).

iii) WILLIAM Howard (1563-1640). m (1577) ELIZABETH Dacre, daughter of THOMAS Lord Dacre of Gilsland & his first wife Elizabeth Neville of the Earls of Westmoreland. Ancestors of the EARLS of CARLISLE.

b) HENRY Howard (-1614). Earl of Northampton.

7. THOMAS Howard . Viscount Howard.

Chapter 6. SHREWSBURY

William I King of England granted the earldom of Shrewsbury (or Shropshire) to Roger [II] de Montgommery in 1074. The earldom's territory was critical in defending the kingdom from raids from neighbouring Wales. The Montgommery earls were, however, rebellious and gained a reputation for treachery. The earldom was finally forfeited in 1102. The earldom of Shrewsbury was not granted again until 1442 when John Talbot, Lord Talbot, was created Earl of Shrewsbury for his services to Henry VI King of England.

A. EARLS of SHREWSBURY 1074-1102 (MONTGOMMERY)

ROGER [II] de Montgommery, son of ROGER [I] de Montgommery Seigneur de Montgommery and Vicomte de l'Hiémois & his wife Josceline --- (-Shrewsbury 27 Jul 1094, bur Shrewsbury Abbey[1177]). He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Montgommery, Vicomte d'Hiémois. He remained in Normandy at the time of the Norman invasion of England in 1066 to assist Duchess Mathilde to govern the duchy[1178], but accompanied King William I to England in Dec 1067. Orderic Vitalis records that King William gave him "first of all Arundel castle and the town of Chichester"[1179], afterwards creating him Earl of Shrewsbury [1/4] Dec 1074, presumably with the intention of strengthening the defence of the western part of the country against Welsh incursions. As "Rogerus comes Salosberiensis" he witnessed a charter of King William I giving the barony of Plessis to the church of Bayeux dated 24 Dec 1074[1180]. Sire d'Alençon. Domesday Book records the land of “Earl Roger” in Wotton Hundred and Godalming Hundred in Surrey, his land in Hampshire including in Portsdown and Chalton Hundreds[1181]. He allied himself with Robert Duke of Normandy at the time of the latter's rebellion against King William II in 1089[1182].

1. ROBERT de Montgommery "de Bellême" ([1052/56]-[Wareham Castle] 1 or 8 May 1118 or [after 1129], bur [Wareham Castle]). He is referred to as his mother's "first-born son" by Orderic Vitalis, who says that his "name is now a byword for his cruelty to the wretched peasantry"[1183]. He witnessed a charter for Saint Martin de Sées with his brother Roger, and a charter for Saint Aubin of Angers in [1060/62] without Roger[1184], suggesting that the latter had died by then. He succeeded his mother in 1079 as Sire de Bellême et d'Alençon. He rebelled against William II King of England in 1088, crossed to England but was besieged at Rochester Castle and in Jun 1088 forced to surrender[1185]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father in 1094, “Rodbertus...filius eius” obtained “totum feudum eius in Normannia”, adding that he was “crudelis et superbus” and committed “innumeras iniquitates”[1186]. He succeeded his younger brother in 1098 as Earl of Shrewsbury after a payment of £3000[1187]. He succeeded his father-in-law in Oct 1100 as Comte de Ponthieu. Florence of Worcester records that "Scrobbesbyriensis comes Rotbertus de Beleasmo" rebelled against Henry I King of England in [1101], was deprived of all his honours and estates in England, and retired to Normandy[1188]. The Annals of Margan record that “Robertus comes de Belesmo” was expelled from England in 1102 “cum fratre suo Arnulfo”[1189]. Florence of Worcester records that "Rotbertus de Beleasm" fought with Robert Duke of Normandy against King Henry I at Tinchebrai in [1106], was captured, but later escaped and fled[1190]. He helped Helias de Saint-Saens protect Guillaume, son of Robert "Curthose" ex-Duke of Normandy, after Henry I King of England ordered the arrest of the boy[1191]. He was arrested in 1112, imprisoned at Cherbourg and all his lands and honours forfeited. He was imprisoned at Wareham Castle, Dorset from Jul 1113[1192]. The Annals of Margan record the death “Kal Mai” in 1118 of “Robertus comes de Belesme”[1193]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records payments made "in libatione Robti de Belismo" in Dorsetshire, Wiltshire[1194]. This suggests a pension or maintenance in some form, although it is not certain that it relates to Robert de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury.

2. HUGUES de Montgommery ([1053/59]-Anglesey 31 Jul 1098, bur [17 Aug 1098] Shrewsbury Abbey[1195]). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[1196]. He succeeded his father in 1094 as Earl of Shrewsbury and to all his lands in England and Wales[1197]. Florence of Worcester records that "comites Hugo de Legecastra et Hugo de Scrobbesbyria" invaded Anglesey in [1098], mutilating or massacring many of the inhabitants of the island, and that "comes Hugo de Scrobbesbyrie" was killed by an arrow discharged by Magnus King of Norway during a raid on the Welsh coast[1198]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Hugh was killed in Anglesey "by pirates from oversea"[1199]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father in 1094, “Hugo...de Monte-Gomerici [filius eius]” obtained “comitatum Scrobesburiæ”, but that after a few years he was killed by “Magno fratre regis Northwigenarum” and buried “Scrobesburiensis conventus”[1200]. "Arnulf son of earl Roger" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees for the souls of "his father Roger and his brother Hugh who was slain that year" by charter dated 27 Aug 1098[1201].

3. other children: see NORMANDY NOBILITY.

B. EARLS of SHREWSBURY 1442-1538 (TALBOT)

The earliest references to individuals with the name “Talbot” have been found in cartularies which include donations of property located within the county of Eu. Presumably Guillaume Talbot enjoyed a position of some prominence at the court of Robert Comte d’Eu, who is recorded as having consented to Guillaume’s donation to the abbey of Tréport Saint-Michel. Le Maho specifies that the original patrimony of the family was at Sainte-Croix-sur-Buchy but was fixed at Cleuville, Seine-Maritime in [1071], a branch of the family holding property there under the Giffards[1202]. As can be seen below, it appears that there were two branches of the Talbot family in England in the 12th century, descended from two possible brothers referred to in this document as Geoffrey [I] and Richard [II], but the information in the primary sources which have so far been consulted are insufficient to reconstruct the early generations of the family with any confidence.

1. GUILLAUME Talbot (-after 1036). "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport, and confirmed donations, including the donation of “servitium terre Sansogolonis in Gillemercourt” made by “Willermi Talebot”, by charter dated 1036[1203]. "Robertus comes Augensis…" confirmed donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport, including the donation of “servitium terre Sansgolonis quam habebat in Gilermercourt” to “ecclesie Sancti Michaelis de Ulterisportu” made by “Willelmus Talebot” with the consent of “comitis Roberti et comitisse Beatricis ac filiorum eorundem Willelmi...”, by charter dated 1059[1204]. This document includes no indication whether Guillaume Talbot was still allive or not at the date of the confirmation. The same donation was later confirmed by Hugues Archbishop of Rouen by charter dated 1145[1205], and by Pope Lucius III by charter dated 19 Jun 1185[1206].

2. HUGUES [I] Talbot . No indication has been found of the family relationship between Guillaume Talbot (see above) and Hugues Talbot. The chronology of Hugues’s life cannot be ascertained. There are no indications to date the document which records his donation, although presumably it can be dated to the mid-11th century. If that is correct, Hugues could have been Guillaume’s son or his brother. "Hugo cognomento Taleboth" donated "decimam de Sanreith" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "dominis Walo de la Roca, ad quem prædictæ terræ possessio devenit postea", and later confirmed by “successor illorum Osbernus de Ansevilla”, by undated charter, signed by “Hugonis Talebot, Walonis de Roca, Osberni de Ansevilla”, witnessed by “Gulbertus de Ou, Osbernus de Alberti Villa...Osbernus filius Goiffredi de Ou...”[1207]. Hugues Archbishop of Rouen confirmed past donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux, including property "apud Wanevillam" in "feudo Hugonis Talebot", by charter dated 1137[1208].

1. RICHARD [I] Talbot (-after 1086). Morandière states refers to "Richard Talebot…compagnon de son voisin Grondebœuf à Hastings" when recording the marriage of his granddaughter[1209]. Domesday Book records “Richard Talbot” holding land in Battlesden, Bedfordshire from "Walter Giffard"[1210]. m ---. Richard [I] & his wife had [two children]:

a) [--- Talbot . Baron de Cleuville. m ---. One child:]

i) [JEANNE Talbot . Morandière states that "Robert II le jeune d’Estouteville" married "avant le désastre de Tinchebray…Jehanne Talebot heritière de l’aisné des surnommés Talebot, barons de Cleuville", naming her grandfather "Richard Talebot…compagnon de son voisin Grondebœuf à Hastings" but not her father, adding that she died early leaving a son[1211]. m (before 1106) as his first wife, ROBERT [II] d’Estouteville, son of ROBERT [I] d’Estouteville & his wife Béatrice --- (-[before 1138]).]

b) [--- Talbot . The reference to “l’aisné des surnommés de Talebot” suggests that there was also a “puisné”. If that is correct, this could have been the same person as Gilbert Talbot or Geoffrey [I] Talbot, both named below.]

2. [GILBERT Talbot (-after [1101]). Morandière states that "Maude d’Estouteville, femme de Gilbert Talebot" was granted the fief of Shrewsbury confiscated from Robert de Montgommery (dated to [1101]), adding that she was the sister of Robert [I] d’Estouteville[1212]. The reference to the transfer of the Montgommery fief of Shrewsbury to the Talbot family is evidently anachronistic. No other reference has been found to Mathilde and her supposed husband. Until further corroboration comes to light, it is suggested that this information should be treated with caution. m MATHILDE d’Estouteville, daughter of --- (-after [1101]).]

1. GEOFFREY [I] Talbot ([1050/65]?-before 1130). Domesday Book records “Geoffrey Talbot” holding Liston in Essex from "Hugh de Gournai"[1213]. “Gausfridus Talebotus et uxor eius Agnes” donated part “de terra Fenge” to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by “...Sibilla domini filia” [who has not yet been identified][1214]. An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and “Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot”, with the consent of “Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo” [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to “ecclesia de Turrituna”[1215]. He presumably died shortly before the 1129 Pipe Roll in which his son is recorded as making a fine for “terra patris sui” (see below). m AGNES, daughter of --- (-after 1129). “Gausfridus Talebotus et uxor eius Agnes” donated part “de terra Fenge” to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by “...Sibilla domini filia” [who has not yet been identified][1216]. Keats-Rohan says that Agnes “used erroneously to be identified as a de Lacy” and that she was “possibly a daughter of Helto” (dapifer, recorded in Domesday Book as holding Swanscombe, Kent from Odo Bishop of Bayeux) but does not explain the reasoning, although in a later sentence she suggests that the connection between the Talbot and Lucy families would be explained if “Adeline or Adelisa, wife of Hugh de Lacy (d.a.1115), was the daughter of Geoffrey and Agnes”[1217]. An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and “Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot”, with the consent of “Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo” [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to “ecclesia de Turrituna”[1218]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Agnes uxor Gaufr Talebot" in Kent in respect of "dote et maritag suo"[1219]. Geoffrey [I] & his wife had one child:

a) GEOFFREY [II] Talbot (-Hereford 22 Aug 1140, bur Gloucester). An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and “Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot”, with the consent of “Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo” [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to “ecclesia de Turrituna”[1220]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Gaufr Talebot" paying a fine in Kent for "terra patris sui"[1221]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records the capture of "Galfridus…Taleboth, cognatusque illius Gislebertus de Laceio"[1222]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "XI Kal Sep", dated to 1140, of "Galefridus Talebotus miles" and his burial "Glaornæ"[1223]. "Walterus de Meduana" (married to Cecily, daughter of Sibylla de Lacy, possible cousin of Geoffrey [II] Talbot) confirmed to King Henry II that he held "in capite...xx milites" in Kent which “Galfridus Tallebot” had held on the death of King Henry I, dated 1166[1224].

1. RICHARD [II] Talbot ([1065/1075]-[after 1100]). His birth date is estimated bearing in mind the estimated birth date of his son Hugues [III] and on the assumption that he was somewhat older than his wife, which would have been normal at the time. If that estimate is correct, Richard [II] Talbot is unlikely to have been the same person as Richard [I] who is shown above. The chronology indicates that Richard [II] Talbot could not have been the same person as Richard [III] who is shown below. If all that is correct, Richard [II] Talbot could have been a younger brother of Geoffrey [I] who is shown above. No reference has been found to Richard [II] acting in his own capacity apart from the confirmations of his donations by King Henry II. If his birth date is correctly estimated as shown above, those confirmations must have been made some time after Richard [II] died. m AMICIE de Gournay, daughter of [HUGUES [III] de Gournay & his wife Basilie Flaitel] or [GERARD de Gournay & his [first] wife ---] or [GERARD de Gournay & his [second] wife Edive [Edith] de Warenne] or [---] (before [1085]-). Her marriage and family connection are indicated by Orderic Vitalis who records that "Hugo filius Girardi de Gornaco" rebelled against King Henry I after the marriage of his sister Gundred in Jun [1118], and captured “municipium...Plessicii” which he granted to "nepoti eius Hugoni Talabot"[1225]. The passage indicates that Hugh Talbot was at least a young adult at the time, so not born later than [1100], which would place his mother’s birth no later than [1085]. There are therefore at least three possibilities for her parentage. Firstly, if she was the child of Gérard de Gournay by his known wife Edive de Warenne, Edive would have been born in the early part of her estimated birth date range shown above and Amicie born soon after the marriage. Secondly, given that that chronology is tight, Amicie could have been the daughter of Gérard by an earlier otherwise unrecorded marriage. Thirdly, the word “nepos” in Orderic could indicate a more distant family relationship than nephew, maybe first cousin, in which case Amicie could have been the daughter of Hugues [III] de Gournay, although the more remote the relationship the less likely the appointment of Richard Talbot as custodian of the castle by Hugues [IV] de Gournay. On balance, the most likely case appears to be the second. Her name is indicated by two charters of King Henry II: Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations by "…Richardi Tallebot et Amicie uxoris eius et Hugonis et Willelmi filiorum suorum…", by charter dated to [1181/83][1226]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the priory of Sainte-Foi de Longueville, including donations by "Ricardi Thalebot et Avitie uxoris sue et Hugonis filii sui", by charter dated to [Mar/Jun] 1189[1227]. Richard [II] & his wife had two children:

a) HUGH [II] Talbot (before [1100]-). His parentage is indicated by Orderic Vitalis who records that "Hugo filius Girardi de Gornaco" rebelled against King Henry I after the marriage of his sister Gundred in Jun [1118], and captured “municipium...Plessicii” which he granted to "nepoti eius Hugoni Talabot"[1228]. His birth date is estimated is estimated assuming that he was a young adult at the time. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations made by "…Richardi Tallebot et Amicie uxoris eius et Hugonis et Willelmi filiorum suorum…", by charter dated to [1181/83][1229]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations made by "Hugonis Talebot…eiusdem Hugonis et Willelmi fratris sui", by charter dated to [1177/89][1230]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the priory of Sainte-Foi de Longueville, including donations made by "Ricardi Thalebot et Avitie uxoris sue et Hugonis filii sui" and by "Hugonis Talebot senis…Hugonis Talebot junioris", by charter dated to [Mar/Jun] 1189[1231].

b) WILLIAM Talbot . Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations by "…Richardi Tallebot et Amicie uxoris eius et Hugonis et Willelmi filiorum suorum…", by charter dated to [1181/83][1232]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations by "Hugonis Talebot…eiusdem Hugonis et Willelmi fratris sui", by charter dated to [1177/89][1233]. same person as...? WILLIAM Talbot (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Willelmus Tallebot" held one knight’s fee from "Roberti filii Regis" in Devon[1234].

1. HUGH [III] Talbot (before 1105-). His birth date is estimated on the assumption that he was older than his wife. If that is correct, he could have been the same person as Hugh [II] Talbot who is shown above. In addition, as noted below, Hugh [III] Talbot may have been the same person as Hugh [IV] who is shown below. m (divorced) as her first husband, BEATRIX de Mandeville, daughter of WILLIAM de Mandeville & his wife Marguerite de Rie ([1105]-[Rickling, Essex] 19 Apr [1197 or before], bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript listing property of Walden abbey states, quoting a charter of Stephen King of England dated 1147, that “sororem suam…Beatricem” (referring to "Galfridus Essexiæ comes") married "Hugoni Talebot" from whom she was divorced and secondly "Willielmo de Saye"[1235]. She married secondly William de Say. She became the heiress of her nephew William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, her son by her second husband, Geoffrey, being allowed to occupy her place in view of her age[1236]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Beatrix de Mandavilla domina de Say, soror Galfridi primi, fundatoris, et amita Willielmi” succeeded her nephew[1237]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1200 of “Beatrix de Say, soror fundatoris nostri et uxor Willielmi de Say” and her burial in the abbey[1238].

1. HUGH [IV] Talbot (-after 1162). From a chronological point of view, Hugh [IV] Talbot may have been the same person as Hugh [III], on the assumption that Hugh [IV]’s four sons were adult when named in 1162. “...Hugone Talbot...” witnessed the charter dated to [1140/44] under which “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton[1239]. Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1240]. [The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Hugo Talebot" with one knight "in baillia Galfridi de Bleville, de Caleto"[1241]. "…Hugone Talebot…" subscribed the charter dated to [1179] under which Henry II King of England confirmed a donation by "Robertus de Fay" to "comiti Willelmo de Maundevilla"[1242]. It is not certain to which Hugh Talbot these two entries refer.] m ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-after 1162). Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1243]. Hugh [IV] & his wife had four children:

a) GERARD Talbot (-after [1181/89]). Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1244]. "…Ger[ardo] Talebot…" subscribed the charter dated to [1181/89] under which Henry II King of England granted land to "Waltero ostiario de Camera"[1245].

b) GEOFFREY Talbot . Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1246].

c) HUGH [V] Talbot . Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1247].

d) RICHARD [IV] Talbot . Hugh Talbot granted a rent in Feltwell to Beaubec abbey, with the consent of his wife Ermentrude and sons Gerard, Geoffrey, Hugh and Richard, by charter dated 1162[1248].

No indication has been found about how the following three individuals may have been related to the other branches of the Talbot family which are shown above:

1. ALURED Talbot (-after 1166). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Alvredus Taleboth" holding one knight’s fee under Alured de Lincoln in Dorset in 1166[1249].

2. ROGER Talbot (-after 1196). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Rogero Tallebot" paying for "ii milites et dimidium" in Essex, Herefordshire[1250]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Rogerus Tallebot" paying "l s, ii milites et dimidium" in Essex, Hertfordshire[1251].

3. WILLIAM Talbot (-after 17 Mar 1226). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus Talebot" holding "quintam pro i carucata in Hessyldeham" in London, Middlesex in [1210/12][1252]. Henry III King of England conscripted "…Willelmus Talebot…" for service "in Wasconiam" dated 17 Mar 1225[1253].

His possible link with the Lacy family, noted below, suggests that Richard [III] Talbot may have been a descendant of Geoffrey [I] Talbot (see above), whose probable connections with Lacy are discussed above.

1. RICHARD [III] Talbot (-after [1174]). Henry II King of England granted "manerium de Lintona…terram de Cottona" to "Ricardo Talebot" by charter dated to [1156/58][1254]. The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Hugo de Longo campo et Ric Talebot in Lintun et Wintun" in Herefordshire[1255]. Richard’s family connection with Hugh de Longchamp, suggested by this entry, has not been ascertained. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy" on the roll dated 1198, states that "the families of Longchamp and Lacy had, it seems, intermarried"[1256]. If that is correct, it is likely that Richard [III] Talbot was closely related to Geoffrey [II] Talbot, whose mother may have been Agnes [de Lacy] (see above), maybe his son. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Ricardo Talebot iv m" in Hereford in [1158/59][1257]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Ricardi de Candos" granted one half of one knight’s fee to "Ricardo Tallebaut" in Herefordshire[1258]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Ricardus Talebot" with one knight "in baillia Galfridi de Bleville, de Caleto"[1259]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Ricardus Talebot" previously held "feudum i militis apud Linton" in Herefordshire, granted by King Henry II, which was now held by "Gilbertus filius eius"[1260]. Michael Tutty records that Richard Talbot went to Ireland as part of the first Anglo-Norman invasion and “was granted the lordship of Malahide by Henry II King of England about 1174”, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1261]. m ---. The name of Richard Talbot's wife is not known. Richard [III] & his wife had one child:

a) GILBERT Talbot of Linton (-before 13 Feb 1231). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Gilbertus Tallebot" holding one knight’s fee in Hereford in [1210/12][1262]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Ricardus Talebot" previously held "feudum i militis apud Linton" in Herefordshire, granted by King Henry II, which was now held by "Gilbertus filius eius"[1263]. Henry III King of England ordered "…Gillebertus Talebot…" to enquire into the state of the forests "de comitatu Herefordie" dated [Jul] 1219[1264]. m ---. The name of Gilbert Talbot's wife is not known. Gilbert & his wife had one child:

i) RICHARD [V] Talbot of Linton (-before 13 Apr 1234). m ([1219/24]) as her second husband, ALINE Basset, widow of DREUX de Montagu, daughter of ALAN Basset of Wycombe, Buckinghamshire & his second wife Aline de Gai. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Dorset, dated 1219, which includes "Aluina que fuit uxor Drogonis de Monte Acuto est de donatione domini regis", adding that "est in custodia Alani Basset per Regem Johannem et est maritanda et terra sua in Pideltun valet xx.l"[1265]. "Alan Basset" made a fine "by Richard Talbot" for marrying "Aline who was the wife of Drogo de Montagu…without the king’s licence", dated [Oct] 1224[1266]. Richard [V] & his wife had [one possible child]:

(1) [GILBERT Talbot (-before 8 Sep 1274, bur Wormesley Priory, Herefordshire). The Complete Peerage states that there is no evidence that Gilbert was Richard Talbot's son but that this parentage is suggested by the succession of first names in the line of descent[1267]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 8 Sep "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert Talebot" name “Richard his son aged 24 and more is his next heir”[1268].] m GWENLLIAN, daughter of RHYS Mechyll Lord of Dynevor & his wife Matilda de Briouse. Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1269]. Gilbert & his wife had one child:

(a) RICHARD [VI] Talbot ([1249/50]-1306). Inquisitions after a writ dated 8 Sep "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert Talebot" name “Richard his son aged 24 and more is his next heir”[1270].

- see below.

RICHARD [VI] Talbot, son of GILBERT Talbot & his wife Gwenthlian of Dynevor ([1249/50]-before 3 Sep 1306). Inquisitions after a writ dated 8 Sep "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert Talebot" name “Richard his son aged 24 and more is his next heir”[1271]. Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1272].

m (after 7 Jan 1269) SARAH de Beauchamp, daughter of WILLIAM de Beauchamp of Elmley, Worcestershire & his wife Isabel Mauduit of Warwick (-after Jul 1317).

Richard [VI] Talbot & his wife had three children:

1. GILBERT Talbot (18 Oct 1276-Eccleswall 24 Feb 1346). Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1273]. He was one of those responsible for the death of Piers Gaveston, but was pardoned in 1313[1274]. He was summoned to parliament 27 Jan 1332, whereby he is held to have become Lord Talbot. m ANNE le Botiler, daughter of WILLIAM le Botiler of Wem, Shropshire & his wife ---. Gilbert & his wife had one child:

a) RICHARD Talbot ([1305]-1356). Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1275]. Lord Talbot.

- see below.

2. RICHARD Talbot (-1328). He succeeded to Richard's Castle, de iure uxoris. m (1317) as her second husband, JOAN de Mortimer, widow of THOMAS de Bykenore, daughter and co-heiress of HUGH de Mortimer Lord Mortimer of Richard's Castle & his wife Maud --- (Caerphilly Castle 24 Nov 1291-before 12 Jan 1241). Richard & his wife had two children:

a) RICHARD Talbot . He was passed over.

b) JOHN Talbot ([1319]-1355). m (1330) JULIANA de Grey, daughter of ROGER de Grey Lord Grey of Ruthin & his wife Elizabeth de Hastings (-1361). John Talbot & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN Talbot (1337-1375). m as her first husband, KATHERINE, daughter of --- (-1381). She married secondly John Seintclere. John Talbot & his wife had five children:

(a) ELIZABETH Talbot (1364-1407). m WARIN d'Arcedekne Lord Arcedekne, son of --- (-1400).

(b) PHILIPPA Talbot (1367-2/3 May 1417). m firstly ROBERT de Asheton Constable of Dover Castle (-9 Jan 1384). m secondly MATTHEW de Gournay, son of --- ([1310]-26 Sep 1406). m thirdly (before 24 Feb 1408) as his first wife, JOHN Tiptoft of Tiptoft, son of PAYN Tiptoft [Tybetot] & his wife Agnes Wroth of Enfield, Middlesex (-27 Jan 1443). He was summoned to Parliament in 1426 whereby he is held to have become Lord Tiptoft.

(d) ELEANOR Talbot (1372-1390). A nun.

(e) JOHN Talbot (1374-1383).

3. THOMAS Talbot ([1287]-). A priest.

RICHARD Talbot, son of GILBERT Lord Talbot & his wife Anne le Botiler ([1305]-23 Oct 1356). Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1276]. He was summoned to parliament 27 Jan 1332, whereby he is held to have become Lord Talbot.

m ([24 Jul 1326/23 Mar 1327]) as her first husband, ELIZABETH Comyn, daughter of JOHN COMYN Lord of Badenoch & his wife Joan de Valence (1 Nov 1299-20 Nov 1372). She married secondly ([21 Feb 1358/16 Feb 1361]) John Bromwych.

Lord Richard & his wife had one child:

1. GILBERT Talbot ([1332]-Roales, Spain 24 Apr 1387). Wrottesley shows "Rees, Wenchiliana, Margaret, Dughrica" as the children of "Lewellyn ap Rees" in relation to a claim by "Gilbert Talbot chivaler, Res ap Howel ap Willym and Walter ap Jevan ab Lewellyn" against Henry Earl of Lancaster and Blanche his wife for "the castle and commote of Tokennyn", adding that Gwenllian was mother of Richard Talbot, grandmother of Gilbert, great-grandmother of Richard, and great-great-grandmother of "Gilbert the plaintiff"[1277]. He succeeded his father in 1356 as Lord Talbot. He died of plague[1278]. m firstly (before 8 Sep 1352) PERNEL Butler, daughter of JAMES Butler Earl of Ormond & his wife Eleanor de Bohun (-1368). m secondly (before 16 Nov 1379) as her second husband, JOAN de Stafford, widow of JOHN Cherleton Lord Cherleton, daughter of RALPH de Stafford Earl of Stafford & his second wife Margaret de Audley (-before 1397). Lord Gilbert & his first wife had one child:

a) RICHARD Talbot ([1361]-London 8/9 Sep 1395). He was summoned to Parliament 3 Mar 1384, in consequence of his marriage to the heiress of Strange, whereby he is held to have become Lord Talbot[1279]. m (before 23 Aug 1383) as her first husband, ANKARET Le Strange, daughter of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange of Blackmere & his wife Mary FitzAlan of Arundel ([1361]-1 Jun 1413). She succeeded her father 23 Aug 1383 as Baroness Strange, suo iure. She married secondly ([8 Mar/4 Jul] 1401) as his second wife, Thomas Neville Lord Furnivalle. Lord Richard & his wife had four children:

i) GILBERT Talbot (1383-Rouen 19 Oct 1418). He succeeded his father in 1396 as Lord Talbot. He succeeded his mother in 1413 as Lord Strange [of Blackmere]. He died at the siege of Rouen. Betrothed ([20 May 1392]) to JOAN of England, daughter of THOMAS "of Woodstock" Duke of Gloucester & his wife Eleanor de Bohun (1384-16 Aug 1400, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). m ([1415]) as her first husband, BRITES de [1280][Sousa, daughter of LOPES Diaz de Sousa & his wife ---] (-25 Dec 1447, bur East Shefford, Berkshire). She married secondly (before 1423) Thomas Pettiplace of East Shefford, Berkshire. Lord Gilbert & his wife had one child:

(a) ANKARET Talbot (1416-13 Dec 1421). She succeeded her father as Baroness Strange, Baroness Talbot, suo iure.

ii) JOHN Talbot (1384-killed in battle Castillon, Dordogne 17 Jul 1453, bur St Alkmund's, Whitchurch, Shropshire). He succeeded his niece in 1421 as Lord Talbot, Lord Strange. He was created Earl of Shrewsbury 20 May 1442.

- see below.

iii) ANNE Talbot (-16 Jan 1441). m HUGH de Courtenay, son of EDWARD de Courtenay Earl of Devon & his wife Matilda [Camoys] (1389-16 Jun 1422). He succeeded his father in 1419 as Earl of Devon.

iv) ALICE Talbot . The tomb at Ashby St Ledgers, Northamptonshire of "Willielmus Catesbie quondam unus trenchiatorum regis Henrici sexti", died 1452, records "Philippa uxor prima Willielmi Catesbie militis…" and "Domina Johanna uxor secuna Willielmi Catesbie militis antea uxor Renardi de la Bere et filia Thome Barre militis et Alicie uxoris eius sororis Johannis Dni Talbot creati com Salop…" as well as the couple’s children[1281]. m THOMAS Barre, son of ---.

JOHN Talbot, son of RICHARD Talbot Lord Talbot & his wife Ankaret Lestrange Baroness Strange (1384-killed in battle Castillon, Dordogne 17 Jul 1453, bur St Alkmund's, Whitchurch, Shropshire). He succeeded his niece in 1421 as Lord Talbot, Lord Strange. King Henry VI created him Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in 1434. He was created Earl of Shrewsbury 20 May 1442, and Earl of Waterford in Ireland 17 Jul 1446.

m firstly (12 Mar 1407) MATILDA Neville Baroness Furnivalle, daughter of THOMAS Neville Lord Furnivalle & his first wife Joan de Furnivalle Baroness Furnivalle ([1392]-[1423], bur Worksop Priory, Nottinghamshire).

m secondly (Warwick Castle 6 Sep 1425) MARGARET Beauchamp, daughter of RICHARD Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his first wife Elizabeth Berkeley Baroness Berkeley (1404-14 Jun 1467, bur London, St Paul's).

John & his first wife had three children:

1. JOHN Talbot ([1413]-killed in battle Northampton 10 Jul 1460, bur Worksop Priory). "John Talbot kt, lord of Furnyvale, son and heir apparent of John earl of Shrewsbury" quit-claimed his possession of the manor of Munden Furnyvale and the priory of Rownehay, Hertfordshire by charter dated 14 Nov "26 Hen VI"[1282]. He succeeded his father in 1453 as Earl of Shrewsbury.

- see below.

2. THOMAS Talbot (Finglas, near Dublin 19 Jun 1416-10 Aug 1416, bur London, Church of the Black Friars).

3. JOAN Talbot . m firstly (settlement 25 Jul 1457) as his fourth wife, JAMES de Berkeley Lord Berkeley, son of JAMES Berkeley & his wife Elizabeth Bluet of Raglan, Monmouthshire (Raglan [1394]-Berkeley Castle Nov 1463, bur Berkeley). m secondly (before 26 May 1474) EDMUND Hungerfold, son of ---.

4. ELIZABETH Talbot (-[6 Nov 1506/10 May 1507]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter of "John duke of Norfolk", dated 30 Jun "29 Hen VI", under which he granted the manor of Weston near Baldok, Hertfordshire, formerly belonging to "Elizabeth his grandmother", to "John Mowbray earl Warren and Surrey and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of John earl of Shrewsbury"[1283]. m (before 27 Nov 1448) JOHN Mowbray, son of JOHN Mowbray Duke of Norfolk & his wife Eleanor Bourchier d'Eu (18 Oct 1444-Framlingham Castle, Suffolk 16/17 Jan 1476, bur Thetford). He was created Earl of Surrey and Warenne 24 Mar 1451. He succeeded his father in 1461 as Duke of Norfolk.

5. HUMPHREY Talbot .

6. LOUIS Talbot .

7. JOHN Talbot (-17 Jul 1453). He was created Lord and Baorn of Lisle in 1445, and Viscount Lisle in 1451. m as her second husband, JOAN Chedder, widow of RICHARD Stafford, daughter of THOMAS Chedder & his wife Isabel Scobhull ([1425]-15 Jul 1464). John Talbot & his wife had three children:

a) THOMAS Talbot (-20 Mar 1470). Viscount de Lisle. m (Sep 1466) MARGARET Herbert, daughter of WILLIAM Herbert Lord Herbert (later Earl of Pembroke) & his wife Anne Devereux (-before 1503). She married secondly Henry Bodrugan of Cornwall.

b) ELIZABETH Talbot (1451-8 Sep 1487, bur Astley, Warwickshire). Baroness Lisle of Kingston Lisle, suo iure. m as his first wife, EDWARD Grey of Groby, son of EDWARD Grey Lord Ferrers (of Groby) & his wife Elizabeth Baroness Ferrers (of Groby) (-17 Jul 1492, bur Astley, Warwickshire). He was created Lord and Baron of Lisle in 1475, and Viscount Lisle in 1483.

c) MARGARET Talbot (-before 13 Mar 1475) . m GEORGE Vere, son of ---.

8. ELEANOR Talbot (-30 Jun 1468). The Memoirs of Philip de Comines record that the bishop of Bath “discovered to the duke of Gloucester that his brother king Edward” had married (before he married the queen), the bishop performing the ceremony “nobody was present but they two and himself”[1284]. The declaration of nullity of the marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Wydeville (25 Jun 1483 by the Act of Parliament “Titulus Regius”) was based on his alleged pre-contract of marriage with Eleanor Butler. The Titulus Regius 23 Jan 1483 (O.S.) records that “King Edward was...maryed...to...Dame Elianor Butteler doughter of the old Earl of Shrewesbury, with whom the same King Edward had made a precontracte of matrimonie...bifore he made the...pretensed mariage with...Elizabeth Grey”[1285]. m THOMAS Butler, son of RALPH Boteler Lord Sudeley & his first wife Elizabeth Hende née --- (-[1450/68]). Mistress: of EDWARD Duke of York, son of RICHARD Duke of York & his wife Cecily Neville (Rouen 28 Apr 1442-Palace of Westminster 9 Apr 1483, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor). He succeeded in 1461 as EDWARD IV King of England. The declaration of nullity of the marriage of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Wydeville (25 Jun 1483 by the Act of Parliament “Titulus Regius”) was based on his alleged pre-contract of marriage with Eleanor Butler.

9. CHRISTOPHER Talbot (-killed in battle Northampton 10 Jul 1460[1286]).

JOHN Talbot, son of JOHN Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury & his first wife Matilda Neville Baroness Furnivalle ([1413]-killed in battle Northampton 10 Jul 1460, bur Worksop Priory). "John Talbot kt, lord of Furnyvale, son and heir apparent of John earl of Shrewsbury" quit-claimed his possession of the manor of Munden Furnyvale and the priory of Rownehay, Hertfordshire by charter dated 14 Nov "26 Hen VI"[1287]. He succeeded his father in 1453 as Earl of Shrewsbury.

[1288]Betrothed CATHERINE Burnel, widow of JOHN Ratcliffe, daughter of HUGH Lord Burrell & his wife --- (-13 Oct 1452).

m (before Mar 1445) ELIZABETH Butler, daughter of JAMES Butler Earl of Ormond & his first wife Joan Beauchamp of Abergavenny (-8 Sep 1473, bur 11 Sep 1473 Shrewsbury Abbey).

Earl John & his wife had six children:

1. JOHN Talbot (12 Dec 1448-Coventry 28 Jun 1473, bur Worksop Priory). He succeeded his father in 1460 as Earl of Shrewsbury. m ([1467]) CATHERINE Stafford, daughter of HUMPHREY Stafford Duke of Buckingham & his wife Anne Neville of Westmoreland (-26 Dec 1476). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katharine Countess of Shrewsbury…" as daughter of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and mother of "George Earl of Shrewsbury that now is, Thomas Talbot"[1289]. The will of "Ann Vere widow", dated 12 Apr 1472, proved 2 May 1472, bequeathed property to “my brother Wiltshire...my sister Shrewsbury...my daughter Anne”[1290]. Earl John & his wife had two children:

a) GEORGE Talbot (Shifnal, Shropshire 1468-Wingfield Manor, Derbyshire 26 Jul 1538, bur 27 Mar 1539 Sheffield, St Peter's). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katharine Countess of Shrewsbury…" as daughter of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and mother of "George Earl of Shrewsbury that now is, Thomas Talbot"[1291]. Earl of Shrewsbury. He and his first wife were ancestors of the later Earls of Shrewsbury (extinct in 1618). m firstly (before 27 Jun 1481) ANNE Hastings, daughter of WILLIAM Hastings Lord Hastings & his wife Katherine Neville of Salisbury (-after 4 Jan 1507, bur Sheffield, St Peter's). m secondly ([1512]) ELIZABETH Walden, daughter of RICHARD Walden of Erith, Kent & his wife Margery Prendergast of Pembroke (-Jul 1567, bur Erith).

b) THOMAS Talbot . A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katharine Countess of Shrewsbury…" as daughter of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and mother of "George Earl of Shrewsbury that now is, Thomas Talbot"[1292].

2. JAMES Talbot (-1471).

3. CHRISTOPHER Talbot (-after 1474). Rector of Christ Church, Shropshire.

4. GILBERT Talbot (-15 Aug 1517). Lord of Grafton, Worcestershire. m firstly ELIZABETH Greystock, daughter of RALPH Greystoke Lord Greystoke & his [first/second] wife ---. m secondly as her third husband, AUDREY Cotton, widow firstly of THOMAS Barton and secondly of RICHARD Gardiner, daughter of WILLIAM Cotton & his wife ---. Gilbert & his first wife had two children:

a) GILBERT Talbot (-1542). Lord of Grafton. m firstly ANNE Paston, daughter of WILLIAM Paston & his wife Anne Beaufort. m secondly ELIZABETH Wynter, daughter of ---. Gilbert & his first wife had three children:

i) MARGARET Talbot . m ROBERT Newport .

ii) ELIZABETH Talbot . m JOHN Littleton, son of WILLIAM Littleton of Frankley & his first wife Ellen Walsh of Wanlip, Leicestershire (-17 May 1532). They were ancestors of the Viscounts Cobham, created 1718.

iii) MARY Talbot . m THOMAS Astley of Patshull.

Gilbert had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

iv) HUMPHREY Talbot .

v) GEOFFREY Talbot .

vi) WALTER Talbot .

vii) ELEANOR Talbot . m GEOFFROY Sutton [Dudley].

b) HUMPHREY Talbot .

Gilbert & his second wife had one child:

c) JOHN Talbot of Albrighton, Shropshire (-10 Sep 1549). He was ancestor of the Earls of Shrewsbury from 1618 to 1856.

5. GEORGE Talbot .

6. ANNE Talbot .

Chapter 7. SURREY

The earldom of Surrey was granted by King William II to William de Warenne in 1088, as a reward for his support in crushing a rebellion. The daughter and heiress of his grandson, William [III] de Warenne, married as her second husband Hamelin d’Anjou, illegitimate brother of King Henry II, who became Earl of Surrey by right of his wife and adopted the Warenne name. After the death in 1347 without legitimate heirs of John de Warenne Earl of Surrey, the earldom was inherited by his nephew Richard FitzAlan Earl of Arundel, who was the son of the deceased earl’s only sister and whose family is shown under the Earls of Arundel.

A. EARLS of SURREY 1088-1164 (WARENNE)

WILLIAM [I] de Warenne, son of RAOUL de Warenne & his [first wife Beatrice ---] ([1035/40]-Lewes 24 Jun 1088, bur Lewes Priory). There is some doubt about the identity of the mother of William de Warenne. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Willelmus postea comes Surreiæ...” as Raoul’s son by his wife Beatrice[1293]. However, an undated charter, quoted more fully below, names them "Rodulfus et uxor eius…Emma ac filii eorum Rodulfus et Willelmus"[1294]. As documents date Raoul’s marriage to Emma in [1053/59], the birth of their children of Raoul’s second marriage would be dated to [1055/65]. However, reports quoted below indicate that Guillaume de Warenne was active as an adult in Normandy before the English invasion in 1066, which would place his birth to [1035/40]. This all suggests that Guillaume of Jumièges is correct and that the children were born from their father’s first marriage. Orderic Vitalis records, in recounting a death-bed speech of William I King of England, that "castrum…Mortui Mari" was granted to "Guillelmo de Guarenna consanguineo eius" after it was confiscated from "Rogerium de Mortuomari" who had helped the escape of a French prisoner after defeating troops of Henri King of France in 1054 "apud Mortuum-Mare"[1295]. According to the Complete Peerage, in [1054], he acquired land at Bellencombre, whose castle became the headquarters of the Warenne family in Normandy, and in 1066 took part in the invasion of England in 1066 and was rewarded with land in 13 counties[1296]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Willermus de Warenna et Hugo Pincerna...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[1297]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Hugo de Grentemaisnilio et Guillermus de Garenna...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[1298]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William installed “Guillermum Osberni filium” at his new fortress at Winchester (“intra mœnia Guentæ”) and appointed him “vice sua toti regno versus Aquilonem”, while he granted “Doveram...totamque Cantiam” to “Odoni fratri suo”, and thus he entrusted “his duobus præfecturam Angliæ”, seconded by “Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio et Hugonem de Monteforti, Guillelmumque de Garenna”, dated to 1067[1299]. Orderic Vitalis says the king "gave Surrey" to William de Warenne in the chronicler's description of post-conquest grants made by King William, without specifying that he was created earl[1300]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "Sutregiam" to "Guillelmo de Guarenna" who had married "Gundredam sororem Gherbodi"[1301]. "Hugo de Flamenvilla" sold property "quam tenebat de domino suo Rodulfo de Warethana in Amundi Villæ…et in Maltevilla…[et] in Flamenvilla" by undated charter which also records that later "supra memoratus Rodulfus et uxor eius…Emma ac filii eorum Rodulfus et Willelmus" confirmed the agreement, signed by "…ipsius Hugonis de Flamenvilla, Rotberti filii eius, Gisleberti filii eiusdem…"[1302]. A charter dated 1074 records that "Rodulfus de Warenna eiusque conjux…Emma cum filiis suis Rodulfo…atque Willelmo" sold land in "quattuor villarum Caletensis pagi, Maltevillæ…Flamenvillæ, Amundi Villæ et Anglicevillæ" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, as well as "totius Osulfi Villæ eiusdem Caletensis pagi" sold by "Guillelmo filio Rogerii filii Hugonis episcopi"[1303]. Orderic Vitalis records, in recounting a death-bed speech of William I King of England, that "castrum…Mortui Mari" was granted to "Guillelmo de Guarenna consanguineo eius" after it was confiscated from "Rogerium de Mortuomari" who had helped the escape of a French prisoner after defeating troops of Henri King of France in 1054 "apud Mortuum-Mare"[1304]. The chronology of the family shows that the grant to William de Warenne must have occurred several years after the confiscation from Roger de Mortimer. “…Willielmi de Guarenna…” witnessed the charter dated 1082 under which William I King of England granted land at Covenham to the church of St Calais[1305]. Domesday Book records land held by “William de Warenne” in Fratton in Portsdown Hundred in Hampshire; numerous holdings in Norfolk[1306]. Orderic Vitalis says the king "gave Surrey" to William de Warenne in the chronicler's description of post-conquest grants made by King William, without specifying that he was created earl[1307]. Orderic Vitalis records that in Jan 1086 “Guillelmus de Warenna et Baldricus de Chitreio Nicolai filius, atque Gislebertus de Aquila”, wanting to avenge the death of “Richerii fratris sui” [Richer de Laigle], unsuccessfully attacked the besiegers of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne[1308]. He supported King William II against the rebels led by Eudes Bishop of Bayeux and Robert Comte de Mortain in early 1088 and was rewarded by being created Earl of Surrey in [late Apr] 1088: Orderic Vitalis records that King William II appointed “Guilelmum de Guarenna” as “comitem Suthregiæ”, and adds that he was later buried at Lewes, dated to [1088/89][1309]. He and his immediate successors usually styled themselves "Earl de Warenne". He was mortally wounded at the siege of Pevensey[1310]. William I King of England donated property in Norfolk to Lewes priory, for the souls of “…Gulielmi de Warenna et uxoris suæ Gundfredæ filiæ meæ” by charter dated to [1080/86], witnessed by "…Michael de Tona…Milonis Crispini…"[1311].

m firstly (1070) GUNDRED, sister of GERBOD "the Fleming" Earl of Chester, daughter of --- (-Castle Acre, Norfolk 27 May 1085, bur Lewes Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "Sutregiam" to "Guillelmo de Guarenna" who had married "Gundredam sororem Gherbodi"[1312]. "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes [et] Gundrada uxor mea" founded Lewes Priory as a cell of Cluny by charter dated 1080[1313]. This charter also names "domine mee Matildis regine, matris uxoris mee", specifying that the queen gave "mansionem quoque Carlentonam nomine" to Gundred. It is presumably on this basis that some secondary works claim, it appears incorrectly, that Gundred was the daughter of William I King of England. Weir asserts that the charter in question "has been proved spurious"[1314], although it is not certain what other elements in the text indicate that this is likely to be the case. Assuming the charter is genuine, it is presumably possible that "matris" was intended in the context to indicate a quasi-maternal relationship, such as foster-mother or godmother. The same relationship is referred to in the charter dated to [1080/86] under which William I King of England donated property in Norfolk to Lewes priory, for the souls of “…Gulielmi de Warenna et uxoris suæ Gundfredæ filiæ meæ”[1315]. Gundred died in childbirth. The necrology of Longpont records the death “VII Kal Jun” of “Gondreda comitissa”[1316].

m secondly ([1085/88]) [MARIE], sister of RICHARD Guet, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the Annals of Bermondsey which record the donation in 1098 by “Ricardus Guet frater comitissæ Warennæ” of “manerium de Cowyk” to the monastery[1317]. As William de Warenne’s son must have been below marriageable age before his father died, this reference can only apply to a second wife of William de Warenne senior. [The necrology of Longpont records the death “XIV Kal Oct” of “Marie comitisse de ---ranna”[1318]. It is not certain that the incomplete place name indicates “Warenna”. However, two other references to the Warenne family are included in the same necrology. If this hypothesis is correct, the second wife of Earl William is the only countess whose name is not otherwise recorded so the entry could relate to her.]

William [I] & his first wife had three children:

1. WILLIAM [II] de Warenne (-[11 May] 1138, bur Lewes Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of Williame de Warenne Earl of Surrey, “præfati consulis filii Guillelmus et Rainaldus” succeeded “cum Gundreda matre sua” [incorrect, as their mother was already deceased], dated to 1089[1319]. "Willelmo et Reynaldo filiis et heredibus meis" are named in the charter of "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes" dated 1080[1320]. He succeeded his father in 1088 as Earl of Surrey, though usually styled Earl de Warenne.

- see below.

2. EDIVE [Edith] ([1072/80]-after 1155). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Giraldus” left for Jerusalem “cum uxore sua Edithua sorore Willelmi comitis de Warenna”, who married secondly “Drogoni de Monceio”, by whom she had “unum filium...Drogonem”[1321]. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who names "Hugo filius Girardi de Gornaco" and "Drogo, vitricus eius"[1322]. Her birth date is indicated bearing in mind that she had children by both her marriages. The date of her first marriage is estimated assuming that she was about 12 years old at the time. m firstly ([1084/92]) [as his second wife,] GERARD de Gournay Seigneur de Gournay-en-Bray, son of HUGUES [III] Seigneur de Gournay & his wife Basilia Fleitel (-Palestine after 1104). He and his wife participated in the First Crusade but he died before the capture of Jerusalem[1323]. m secondly DREUX [I] Seigneur de Moncy, son of ---.

3. RAINALD (before 1080-before 1118). Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of Williame de Warenne Earl of Surrey, “præfati consulis filii Guillelmus et Rainaldus” succeeded “cum Gundreda matre sua” [incorrect, as their mother was already deceased], dated to 1089[1324]. "Willelmo et Reynaldo filiis et heredibus meis" are named in the charter of "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes" dated 1080[1325]. He inherited his mother's possessions in Flanders. He supported Robert "Courthose" against his brother Henry I King of England, was captured in 1106 but released before the battle of Tinchebrai[1326].

The precise relationship between the following family, noted in the source quoted below as “de progenie comitis Warennie ex parte patris”, and the main Warenne family has not yet been ascertained.

1. MEINFELIN . m ---. The name of Meinfelin’s wife is not known. Meinfelin & his wife had one child:

a) HAMON (-May 1184). The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Wulrintone” held by “Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin…xx annorum”, adding that his father died “die Veneris ante Ascensionem”, that he is “de progenie comitis Warennie ex parte patris”[1327]. m MATILDA Mauduit, daughter of WILLIAM Mauduit & his wife Matilda de Hanslope (-after 1184). The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Wulrintone” held by “Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin…xx annorum”, adding that his father died “die Veneris ante Ascensionem”, that he is “nepos Willelmi Mauduit ex parte matris”[1328]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Stokes” held by “Matilda que fuit uxor Hamonis Meinfelini”[1329]. Hamon & his wife had five children:

i) four daughters, married in 1184. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Wulrintone” held by “Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin…xx annorum”, adding that he has “tres sorores datas, et i monialem”[1330].

ii) HAMON ([1164/65]-). The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Wulrintone” held by “Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin…xx annorum”, adding that his father died “die Veneris ante Ascensionem”, that he has “tres sorores datas, et i monialem”, that he is “de progenie comitis Warennie ex parte patris” and “nepos Willelmi Mauduit ex parte matris”[1331].

iii) daughter . Nun. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Wulrintone” held by “Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin…xx annorum”, adding that he has “tres sorores datas, et i monialem”[1332].

WILLIAM [II] de Warenne, son of WILLIAM [I] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his first wife Gundred --- (-[11 May] 1138, bur Lewes Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of Williame de Warenne Earl of Surrey, “præfati consulis filii Guillelmus et Rainaldus” succeeded “cum Gundreda matre sua” [incorrect, as their mother was already deceased], dated to 1089[1333]. "Willelmo et Reynaldo filiis et heredibus meis" are named in the charter of "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes" dated 1080[1334]. He succeeded his father in 1088 as Earl of Surrey, though usually styled Earl de Warenne. He supported Robert Duke of Normandy in 1101 against his brother Henry I King of England, who confiscated his lands in England in consequence although they were restored in 1103[1335]. "…Guillaume comte de Varennes…" witnessed the undated charter under which Robert III Duke of Normandy donated property to Saint-Etienne de Caen[1336]. "Guillelmus filius Guillelmi de Vuarenna" confirmed donations of property to Saint-Victor-en-Caux by "patre meo", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter (a copy of which is attached to a late-12th century transcription of a charter under which Hugh de Mortimer confirmed donations to the monastery), witnessed by "Gislebertus de Grenosavilla, Ysabel comitissa, Radulfus filius comitis…"[1337]. “W comes de Warenna et Isabella comitissa uxor mea necnon filii nostri Willelmus…et Radulfus” donated property to Castle Acre Priory by undated charter[1338]. The necrology of Longpont records the death “V Id Mai” of “Guillermus comes de Garenna”[1339].

m (1118) as her second husband, ISABELLE [Elisabeth] de Vermandois, widow of ROBERT de Beaumont Comte de Meulan, Earl of Leicester, daughter of HUGUES de France Comte de Vermandois et de Valois [Capet] & his wife Adelais Ctss de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([before 1088][1340]-17 Feb 1131, bur Lewes Priory). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”secundus Willelmus de Warenna comes Surreiæ...tertius Willelmus filius eius” was born to “Elizabeth filia Hugonis Magni comitis Viromandorum”, who had first married “Roberto comiti Mellenti” by whom she had “tres filios et totidem filias”[1341]. William de Warenne donated property to St Faith, Longueville by charter dated to [1130], witnessed by "Ysabel comitissa uxor comitis et Willelmo et Radulfo filii eorum"[1342]. “W comes de Warenna et Isabella comitissa uxor mea necnon filii nostri Willelmus…et Radulfus” donated property to Castle Acre Priory by undated charter[1343].

William [II] & his wife had five children:

1. WILLIAM [III] de Warenne ([1119]-killed in battle Laodicea 19 Jan 1147). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”secundus Willelmus de Warenna comes Surreiæ...tertius Willelmus filius eius” was born to “Elizabeth filia Hugonis Magni comitis Viromandorum”, who had first married “Roberto comiti Mellenti” by whom she had “tres filios et totidem filias”[1344]. William de Garenne donated property to St Faith, Longueville by charter dated to [1130], witnessed by "Ysabel comitissa uxor comitis et Willelmo et Radulfo filii eorum"[1345]. “W comes de Warenna et Isabella comitissa uxor mea necnon filii nostri Willelmus…et Radulfus” donated property to Castle Acre Priory by undated charter[1346]. He succeeded his father in 1138 as Earl of Surrey. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Willielmus comes Warenniæ” for the souls of “Willielmi comitis patris mei…matris meæ Isabellæ et fratrum meorum Radulphi Warenniæ et Reginaldi Warenniæ”[1347]. Robert of Torigny records that "tercii Willermi comitis de Guarenna" accompanied Louis VII King of France to Jerusalem and died there[1348]. William of Tyre records "comes Guarenna...Galcherius de Montiay, Evrardus de Bretol, Berus de Magnac…" among those killed in battle at Laodicea, in early 1148 (N.S.)[1349]. m as her first husband, ELA de Ponthieu, daughter of GUILLAUME [I] "Talvas" Comte d'Alençon & his wife Hélie de Bourgogne [Capet] (-10 Dec 1174). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Willelmum Talavatium” married “Ala...quæ fuerat antea uxor ducis Burgundiæ” [incorrect], and had “duos filios et totidem filias” of whom “altera” married “tertio Willelmi de Warenna comiti...Surreiæ”[1350]. She married secondly (1152 or before) as his second wife, Patrick Earl of Salisbury. Her second marriage is confirmed by Robert of Torigny who refers to the wife of "comes Patricius" as "filia Guillermi comitis Pontivi, matre comitisse de Warenna"[1351]. Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to “Alæ comitissæ Warennæ” concerning the retention from the monks of Lewes of tithes from her dower lands, dated to [1162/74][1352]. The register of Lewes priory records the death “IV Id Dec” in 1174 of “domina Ala comitissa Surregiæ filia comitis de Belesme et uxor Willielmi tertii...anno xxvi post virum suum” and states that it is not known where she was buried (“ubi sepulta est nescitur”)[1353]. William [III] & his wife had one child:

a) ISABELLE de Warenne (-[12 Jul 1203], bur Chapter House, Lewes). She succeeded her father in 1148 as Ctss of Surrey, suo iure. Robert of Torigny records that "filiam tercii Guillermi de Warenna" married "Guillermus filius Stephani regis"[1354]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1164 of "Hamelinus naturalis frater regis Henrici" and "comitissam de Guarenna, relictam Willelmi comitis Moritoni filii Stephani regis, …filia tercii Willermi comitis de Guarenna"[1355]. "Hamelinus comes Guarennie" confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux made by "Guillelmus de Guarenna et comes Guillelmus filius eius", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter, witnessed by "Guillelmum de Guarenna filium meum…"[1356]. m firstly (before 6 Nov 1153, maybe before [1148/49]) WILLIAM de Blois, son of STEPHEN King of England & his wife Mathilde Ctss de Boulogne ([1132/37]-11 Oct 1159, bur hospital of Montmorillon, Poitou). Earl of Warenne and Surrey, Lord of Pevensey and Norwich [1148/49], by right of his wife[1357]. He succeeded his brother in 1153 as Comte de Boulogne. He was disinherited from the throne of England by his father in Nov 1153. He succeeded his father in 1154 as Comte de Mortain. m secondly ([Apr] 1164) [as his second wife,] HAMELIN d’Anjou, illegitimate son of GEOFFROY V "le Bel/Plantagenet" Comte d’Anjou & his mistress --- (1130-7 May 1202, bur Chapter House, Lewes).

2. GUNDRED ([1120 or after]-after 1166). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Walerannus et Robertus...mater eorum” married secondly after the death of her first husband “secundo Willelmo de Warenna comiti Surreiæ” by whom she had “Willelmum tertium et duas filias” of whom “filiarum...primogenitam” married “comes Rogerus de Warwic”[1358]. Robert of Torigny names "Gondrada sorore uterine Galeranni comitis Mellenti" as wife of "Rogero comite Warwicensi"[1359]. An undated manuscript relating to Cokersand Abbey, Lancashire records that “Willielmum de Lancaster” married ”Gundredam prius comitissam de Warwyke”[1360]. Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter of King Henry II which records that “primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys” married “Gundredam comitissam Warwic” and that she was the mother of his son William[1361]. Her second marriage date is dictated by the death of her first husband, recorded in Jun 1153. "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated property to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et hæredis et Gundredæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated to [1153/56][1362]. "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[1363]. Farrer has suggested that the wording of this last document indicates that the wife of William de Lancaster was the daughter of Countess Gundred rather than the countess herself, suggesting that the latter must have been "well advanced in years" at the time of the marriage and implying that she would therefore have been past child-bearing age[1364]. It is correct that the wording of the document is curious as it appears inconsistent with both possibilities: if Gundred was "Comitisse", one would expect the first part of the document to read "Gundree Comitisse uxoris mee"; on the other hand, if she was Gundred the daughter, one would expect the subscription to read "Gundr fil Comitisse ux mee". The two names which are quoted above in the subscription list of the document dated to [1156/60] precede the subscribers who held religious positions. It would therefore be normal for them to be the same persons who are named in the body of the document, in the same order, giving their consent to the transaction. However, it is difficult to adopt an interpretation which contradicts the three different sources quoted above (Robert de Torigny, the undated manuscript, and the charter of King Henry II) which identify the countess as William’s wife. m firstly ROGER de Beaumont Earl of Warwick, son of HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick & his wife Marguerite du Perche (-12 Jun 1153). m secondly ([Jun 1153/1156]) [as his second wife,] WILLIAM [I] de Lancaster "Taillebois", son of GILBERT & his wife Goditha ---. Lord of Kendale and Lonsdale in Westmoreland in 1166[1365].

3. RALPH (-after [1130]). William de Garenne donated property to St Faith, Longueville by charter dated to [1130], witnessed by "Ysabel comitissa uxor comitis et Willelmo et Radulfo filii eorum"[1366], which suggests that Ralph must have been his parents' second son. “W comes de Warenna et Isabella comitissa uxor mea necnon filii nostri Willelmus…et Radulfus” donated property to Castle Acre Priory by undated charter[1367]. "Guillelmus filius Guillelmi de Vuarenna" confirmed donations of property to Saint-Victor-en-Caux by "patre meo", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter (a copy of which is attached to a late-12th century transcription of a charter under which Hugh de Mortimer confirmed donations to the monastery), witnessed by "Gislebertus de Grenosavilla, Ysabel comitissa, Radulfus filius comitis…"[1368]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Willielmus comes Warenniæ” for the souls of “Willielmi comitis patris mei…matris meæ Isabellæ et fratrum meorum Radulphi Warenniæ et Reginaldi Warenniæ”[1369].

4. ADA de Warenne (-1178). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Henricus filius eius [David rex Scotiæ]" as "filia Willermi comitis de Warenna, sorore uterine Gualeranni comitis Mellenti"[1370]. She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father[1371]. m (1139) HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, son of DAVID I King of Scotland & his wife Matilda de St Lis of Huntingdon ([1115]-12 Jun 1152, bur Kelso Abbey, Roxburghshire).

5. RAINALD de Warenne (-1179). “Reginaldus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, with the consent of “Aliciæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii mei”, for the souls of “…Isabellæ comitissæ dominæ meæ…Willielmi comitis Warennæ fratris mei…Willielmi de Wormengay patris Aliciæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1372]. Lord of Wormegay, Norfolk. The 1165/66 Pipe Roll records "Reg de Warenna" owing a fine for "terre Willi de Wermegai" in Norfolk/Suffolk, indicating the recent death of his father-in-law[1373]. The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Reginaldus de Warenn…pro fine terre Willelmi de Wermegai" in Norfolk and Suffolk[1374]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Willielmus comes Warenniæ” for the souls of “Willielmi comitis patris mei…matris meæ Isabellæ et fratrum meorum Radulphi Warenniæ et Reginaldi Warenniæ”[1375]. m ALICE de Wormegay, daughter and heiress of WILLIAM de Wormegay, Norfolk & his wife --- (-after 1179). “Reginaldus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, with the consent of “Aliciæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii mei”, for the souls of “…Isabellæ comitissæ dominæ meæ…Willielmi comitis Warennæ fratris mei…Willielmi de Wormengay patris Aliciæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1376]. Rainald & his wife had [six] children:

a) WILLIAM (-after 24 Jan 1191). “Reginaldus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, with the consent of “Aliciæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii mei”, by undated charter[1377]. “Willielmus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, for the souls of “patris mei Reginaldi et matris meæ Aliciæ et Beatricis uxoris meæ et Reginaldi filii nostri et Beatricis et Isabellæ filiarum nostrarum”, by undated charter[1378]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Hamelinus comes Warenniæ”, witnessed by “Willilemus de Warennia filius Reginaldi de Warennia…”[1379]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Willelmus de Warenne" paying "vii l ii s vi d de honore de Wermengy" in Norfolk, Suffolk[1380]. The Feet of Fines records the judgment dated 24 Jan 1191 in a claim involving "Willm de Warenn fil Regin de Warenne" concering "advocatione ecclesie de Herthille"[1381]. m firstly BEATRIX de Pierrepont, daughter of HUGUES de Pierrepont & his wife Clémence de Rethel. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. “Willielmus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, for the souls of “patris mei Reginaldi et matris meæ Aliciæ et Beatricis uxoris meæ et Reginaldi filii nostri et Beatricis et Isabellæ filiarum nostrarum”, by undated charter[1382]. m secondly MILLICENT de Montfichet, daughter of RICHARD de Montfichet & his wife Millicent --- (-[before 1210]). King Henry III commanded the Sheriff of Norfolk to inquire "what knights’ fees were assigned to Milesent de Muntfichet, widow of William de Warenne in dower...as H. de Burgo who married the daughter and heir of the said William has placed himself coram Rege in said inquiry”, dated 18 Mar 1235[1383]. The chronology suggests that Millicent must have been one of her parents’ older children. She probably died childless soon after her husband, maybe before her father, as she is not named in the documents relating to her father’s heirs. William & his first wife had three children:

i) RAINALD (-before 1205, bur Southwark St Mary Overey). “Willielmus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, for the souls of “patris mei Reginaldi et matris meæ Aliciæ et Beatricis uxoris meæ et Reginaldi filii nostri et Beatricis et Isabellæ filiarum nostrarum”, by undated charter[1384]. “Beatrix filia Willielmi de Warenna” confirmed her father’s donation of property to St Mary Overey Priory, for the souls of “…fratris mei Reginaldi cuius corpus ibi requiescit”, by undated charter[1385].

ii) BEATRICE de Warenne (-before 12 Dec 1214). “Willielmus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, for the souls of “patris mei Reginaldi et matris meæ Aliciæ et Beatricis uxoris meæ et Reginaldi filii nostri et Beatricis et Isabellæ filiarum nostrarum”, by undated charter[1386]. “Beatrix filia Willielmi de Warenna” confirmed her father’s donation of property to St Mary Overey Priory, Southwark after the death of “domini mei Radulphi”, for the souls of “avi mei Reginaldi de Warenna et Aliciæ aviæ meæ et patris mei Willielmi et matris meæ Beatricis et fratris mei Reginaldi cuius corpus ibi requiescit”, by undated charter[1387]. Her second and third marriages are confirmed by a receipt dated 22 Jul 1227 for payment of a fine by Hubert de Burgh for "Beatrice de Warenna late his wife, by whom he had children" to have the lands of "William de Warenna her father and…her dower of the lands of Dodo Bardolf, formerly her husband"[1388]. Her third marriage is suggested by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 recording that "Gaufridus de Merlai" held "quoddam feodum in Illington" in Norfolk "de Huberto de Burgo per heredum Willelmi de Warenne uxorem suam", adding that Henry II King of England had granted the property to "Reginaldo de Warrenn"[1389]. m firstly RALPH, son of ---. m secondly DOON Bardolf Lord of Shelford, son of THOMAS Bardolf & his wife Rohese --- (-1205). m thirdly as his first wife, HUBERT de Burgh, son of --- & his wife Alice --- (-Banstead, Surrey 12 May 1243, bur Church of the Black Friars, Holborn). He was created Earl of Kent in 1227.

iii) ISABEL . “Willielmus de Warenna” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory; Southwark, for the souls of “patris mei Reginaldi et matris meæ Aliciæ et Beatricis uxoris meæ et Reginaldi filii nostri et Beatricis et Isabellæ filiarum nostrarum”, by undated charter[1390]. m GEOFFREY de Merlay, son of ---.

b) [ROGER de Warenne (-after 1171). The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Rogerus de Warenne, xiv l v s, de novo v s de honore de Wrmegai" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1171/72][1391]. This is the only reference so far found to "Roger" de Warenne of Wormgay, Norfolk. It is possible that the entry is a mistranscription or error for Rainald de Warenne (see above). If the document accurately records his name, Roger could have been another son of Rainald de Warenne and his wife Alice de Wormgay.]

c) [RAINALD de Warenne . The parentage of Rainald is not known. However, if the estimated date of his marriage is correct, it is possible that he was another son of Rainald de Warenne and his wife Alice de Wormgay. A charter extract, undated, records "de feodo Henrici de Ria…in custodia Reginaldi de Warenne, de socha Hokeringhes…[et] ad sororem Huberti maritandam"[1392]. m ([1160/70]) --- de Rie, daughter of HENRY de Rie & his wife Aveline ---. A charter extract, undated, records a grant to "Avelinæ uxori Henrico de Ria", another "ad faciendum Hubertum de Ria militem", a third "ad sororem suam maritandam", and a last "dominus Reginaldus de Warenna suscepit terram Huberti"[1393]. This extract is clarified, concerning the last point, by another charter extract, also undated, which records that "dominus Reginaldus de Warenna suscepit terram Huberti de Ria…ad filiam Henrici de Ria maritandam"[1394]. The chronology of the Rie family suggests that this marriage took place in [1160/70].]

d) ALICE . According to Domesday Descendants, Alice de Warenne was the wife of Peter the Constable of Mealton[1395]. m PETER, son of ---.

e) [1396]GUNDRED (-before 6 Dec 1224). “Gundreda de Warrenna” donated “juris...in ecclesia de Dersingham” to Binham priory, for the souls of “domini mei Petri de Valoniis...”, by undated charter[1397]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Gundrea quæ fuit uxor Petri de Valoniis" held one knight’s fee from "Roberti de Valoine" in Essex[1398]. “Gundreda de Waren” claimed “ecclesiam de Newinham...advocationem” from the abbot of Abindon in 1194 through “in loco suo Gilone Hose”, while “Henr de Godham senescallus Warin fil Gerald” also claimed it as “hereditas uxoris domini sui”[1399]. "Gundreda que fuit uxor Gaufr Huse" paid a fine for "custodia Gaufr filii et heredis sui cum tota terra sua" in Wiltshire, dated 1199[1400]. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Yorkshire, dated 1219, which includes "Gundreda de Waren" holding land "in Niweham…in hundredo de Bulenden et de Soteleu" in Oxfordshire[1401]. “Christiana de Maundeville...in mea...viduitate”, as successor of “Roberti de Valoniis avi mei et Roberti filii Walteri patris mei, Gunnore uxoris sue matris mee”, confirmed the donation of revenue from “ecclesia de Baketona in Suffolchia” to Binham priory made by “Robertus filius Walteri pater meus et Gunnora mater mea”, for the souls of “Willelmi de Maundeville comitis Essexie quondam mariti mei...Roberti filii Walteri patris mei et Gunnore uxoris sue matris mee”, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Gondreda de Warenne soror mea”[1402]. An order dated 6 Dec 1224 required the confiscation of "the vill of Newnham that Gundrea de Warenne held in dower, which is an inheritance partible between Joan wife of Hugh de Neville, and Margaret wife of Falkes de Bréauté", with savings for "the executors of the testament of the same Gundrea"[1403]. Bracton records an inquiry, dated 1234/35, whether "Cristiana de Mandevilla soror Walteri filii Roberti" was seised of part of land "in Dersingham", which descended to her "ex parte Gunnore matris sue" and was inherited by "Henricus de Bailloil et Lora uxor eius" because "idem Walterus non fuit frater predicte Cristiane nisi ex parte patris", noting that "tres fratres fuerunt…Petrus, Robertus, Philippus ex parte patris et matris", that Peter married "Gundredam de Waranna" but died without heirs[1404]. m firstly PETER de Valognes, son of ROGER de Valognes & his wife --- (-1158). m secondly WILLIAM de Courcy, son of WILLIAM de Courcy [Curcy] & his wife Alice de Rumilly [Chester] (-1171). [1405]m thirdly GEOFFROY Hose, son of --- (-1199 or before).

f) [1406][MURIEL . Nun at Carrow.]

B. EARLS of SURREY 1164-1347 (WARENNE - ANJOU)

HAMELIN d'Anjou, illegitimate son of GEOFFROI V “le Bel/Plantagenet” Comte d’Anjou & his mistress --- ([1130]-7 May 1202, bur Chapter House, Lewes). Benedict of Peterborough names "Hamelinus frater regis Henrici comes Warennæ" among those present at the coronation of King Richard I in 1189[1407]. Maybe Vicomte de Touraine. Earl of Surrey 1164 by right of his wife. "Hamelinus comes Guarennie" confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux made by "Guillelmus de Guarenna et comes Guillelmus filius eius", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter, witnessed by "Guillelmum de Guarenna filium meum…"[1408]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Hamelinus comes Warenniæ” with the consent of “Isabellæ comitissæ Warenniæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi de Warennia filii et hæredis mei”, for the souls of “Henrici regis fratris mei et Gaufridi comitis Andegaviæ patris mei”, witnessed by “Willilemus de Warennia filius Reginaldi de Warennia…”[1409]. “Hamelinus comes de Warenna” donated property to Slevesholm Priory, with the consent of “Ysabellæ comitissæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii nostri”, by undated charter[1410]. “Hamelinus comes de Warenna et Hysabella comitissa mea” donated property to St Mary Overey Priory, Southwark, for the souls of “Willielmi primi, secundi et tertii, et…Gundredæ comitissæ et Hisabellæ comitissæ”, by undated charter[1411]. Advocate of the abbey of Saint-Bertin: "Hamelin…comes de Waringe et ecclesie beati Bertini advocatus" donated land "in parochia de Rokesthorn" to Saint-Bertin, for "uxoris mee filiique mei Willelmi", by charter dated to [1182][1412].

[m firstly ---. This first marriage is indicated by the chronology of Hamelin’s supposed daughter Mathilde, who had three children by her first husband who died in [1172] and so could not have been Hamelin’s daughter by his wife Isabelle de Warenne.]

m [secondly] ([Apr] 1164) as her second husband, ISABELLE de Warenne, widow of GUILLAUME de Blois Comte de Boulogne, daughter & heiress of WILLIAM [III] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Ela de Ponthieu (-[12 Jul 1203], bur Chapter House, Lewes). Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1164 of "Hamelinus naturalis frater regis Henrici" and "comitissam de Guarenna, relictam Willelmi comitis Moritoni filii Stephani regis, …filia tercii Willermi comitis de Guarenna"[1413]. "Hamelinus comes Guarennie" confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux made by "Guillelmus de Guarenna et comes Guillelmus filius eius", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter, witnessed by "Guillelmum de Guarenna filium meum…"[1414]. “Hamelinus comes de Warenna” donated property to Slevesholm Priory, with the consent of “Ysabellæ comitissæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii nostri”, by undated charter[1415]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Hamelinus comes Warenniæ” with the consent of “Isabellæ comitissæ Warenniæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi de Warennia filii et hæredis mei”[1416].

Hamelin & his [first wife] had [one child]:

1. [MATHILDE (-before 13 Dec 1228). Her first and second marriages are indicated by the charter dated Mar 1233 under which [her daughter by her second marriage] "Ælicia comitissa Augi in viduitate" granted revenue from "molendino de Duno" to “in matrimonium Ælidæ filiæ Petri de Pratellis fratris mei”[1417]. Her connection with the Warenne family is indicated by the undated charter under which her daughter “Haelisia comitissa Augy quondam uxor Radulfi de Ysondun comitis Augy” donated property to Roche Abbey, witnessed by “domino Willielmo comite Warennæ avunculo meo…”[1418]. Because Mathilde had three children by her first husband who died in [1172], she could not have been the daughter of Hamelin by his wife Isabelle de Warenne. There are therefore two possibilities: either she was Hamelin’s daughter by an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage or she was the daughter of Isabelle de Warenne by her first marriage. The latter possibility is unlikely as any daughter of Guillaume de Blois Comte de Boulogne would have been Ctss de Boulogne instead of Guillaume’s sister. In any case, the chronology would be tight for Mathilde to have been Isabelle’s daughter. Until more information comes to light, it is supposed that Mathilde was the daughter of Hamelin by an earlier marriage. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", records that "Osbert de Préaux" donated tithes from harvest in the parish of Bois l’Evêque to the monks of Holy Trinity of Mont-de-Rouen, for his own soul “those of his parents and of the parents of his wife Matildis”, undated, and that his wife and “their sons Simon and John” granted the tythe to the monks in perpetuity, but he does not cite the source reference[1419]. The primary source which confirms her third marriage has not yet been identified. The wording of the charter of her son Pierre, dated to [Jun 1200], suggests that his mother might have died before that date: “Petrus de Pratell” donated annual revenue to Notre-Dame de Beaulieu, for the salvation of “mee et patris mei et matris mee et fratrum meorum...Simonis et Rogeri, Iohannis et Engerranni”[1420]. If this charter is correctly dated, at least two of the donor’s brothers were alive at that time, while his father was certainly deceased. The question then is determining the significance, if any, between his parents not being named in the document while his brothers are named. One possibility is that the unnamed individuals (and therefore including the donor’s mother) were deceased, but the named brothers were living. It should be emphasised that this observation is speculative. m firstly ([1163/67]) OSBERT de Préaux, son of --- (-before 1172). m secondly HENRI [II] Comte d'Eu Lord of Hastings, son of JEAN [I] Comte d'Eu & his wife Alice d'Aubigny of Arundel (-16/17 Jul [1190/91]). m thirdly HENRY de Stuteville Lord of Eckington co Derby, Seigneur de Valmont et de Rames (-before 1236).]

Hamelin & his [second] wife had [four] children:

2. WILLIAM [IV] de Warenne (1166-London 27 May 1240, bur Lewes Priory). "Hamelinus comes Guarennie" confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux made by "Guillelmus de Guarenna et comes Guillelmus filius eius", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter, witnessed by "Guillelmum de Guarenna filium meum…"[1421]. He succeeded his father in 1202 as Earl of Surrey.

- see below.

3. ELA de Warenne ). The Complete Peerage names “Ela” as daughter of Earl William and her husbands firstly “Robert de Newburn of whom nothing is known” and secondly “William FitzWilliam of Sprotborough”, but does not cite the primary sources on which this information is based[1422]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. m firstly ROBERT de Newburn, son of ---. m secondly as his [second] wife, WILLIAM FitzWilliam of Sprotbrough, Yorkshire, son of WILLIAM FitzWilliam & his wife Avice de Tanai (-[9 Feb 1219/1224]).

4. ISABEL de Warenne (-before 30 Nov 1234). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Isabella” as wife of “Robertus Lacy”, adding that they were childless[1423]. The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Ysabel que fuit uxor Roberti de Laci" owing in Yorkshire "pro habenda dota sua de terra eiusdem Roberti"[1424]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Gileberti de Aquila" married "comes Warennie…sorore sua" whose dowry was "villa de Westcot…hundredum de Wudetun" in Surrey[1425]. m firstly ROBERT de Lacy, son of HENRY de Lacy & his wife Aubreye de Vesci (-21 Aug 1193, bur Kirkstall Abbey). m secondly ([1196]) GILBERT de Laigle Lord of Pevensey, son of RICHER de Laigle & his wife Edelina --- (-1231)

5. [daughter (-[killed 1200]). According to Given-Wilson & Curteis[1426], one of the mistresses of King John was the "sister of William de Warenne" but the authors do not specify which sister she was. The Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester names "Richard fiz le rei…Ion" and "the erles daughter of Wareine" his mother[1427]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1200 that “W. de Waren meunch fil Regis” was killed[1428]. Christie suggests that one possibility is that “meunch” in this source may represent a contraction of “mater Richardi”, another possibility being that it represents “avunculus” and that the entry refers to the death of William de Warenne (although if that is correct, the date makes little sense)[1429]. Mistress of JOHN of England, son of HENRY II King of England & Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral). He succeeded in 1199 as JOHN King of England.]

WILLIAM [IV] de Warenne, son of HAMELIN d'Anjou Earl of Surrey & his [second] wife Isabelle de Warenne (1166-London 27 May 1240[1430], bur Lewes Priory). "Hamelinus comes Guarennie" confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux made by "Guillelmus de Guarenna et comes Guillelmus filius eius", for the soul of "uxoris mee Ysabel", by undated charter, witnessed by "Guillelmum de Guarenna filium meum…"[1431]. "Hamelin…comes de Waringe et ecclesie beati Bertini advocatus" donated land "in parochia de Rokesthorn" to Saint-Bertin, for "uxoris mee filiique mei Willelmi", by charter dated to [1182][1432]. “Hamelinus comes de Warenna” donated property to Slevesholm Priory, with the consent of “Ysabellæ comitissæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi filii nostri”, by undated charter[1433]. An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Hamelinus comes Warenniæ” with the consent of “Isabellæ comitissæ Warenniæ uxoris meæ et Willielmi de Warennia filii et hæredis mei”[1434]. He succeeded his father in 1202 as Earl of Surrey. He received Grantham and Stamford, co Lincoln, 19 Apr 1205 as compensation for the loss of his lands in Normandy[1435]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in May 1240 of “Willelmus comes Warenniæ”[1436].

m firstly MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-6 Feb [1216]). An undated charter of ”Johannes comes Warennæ” confirmed earlier donations to Thetford Priory by “Willielmus comes de Warennia” for the soul of “Matildis comitissæ uxoris meæ”[1437]. According to the Complete Peerage, “she is alleged to have been daughter of an Earl of Arundel and to have died 6 Feb 1216”[1438].

m secondly (before 13 Oct 1225) as her second husband, MATILDA Marshal of Pembroke, widow of HUGH Bigod Earl of Norfolk, daughter & co-heiress of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel Ctss of Pembroke (-1/7 Apr 1248). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that Matilda married “Hugoni le Bigod comiti Norfolke et Suffolke” and secondly “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey”[1439]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hugo Bigot comes…uxor” married “comiti Warenniæ”[1440]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1250 of “Johanna comitissa de Warenne”[1441]. Although both the name and the date are not corroborated in other sources, it is likely that this entry refers to the widow of William Earl of Surrey.

William [IV] & his second wife had two children:

1. ISABEL de Warenne (-before 23 Nov 1282, bur Marham, Norfolk). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Johannes de Garren comes de Garren et Isabella de Aubeni soror eius et comitissa de Arundel” as the children of “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey” and his wife Matilda Marshal of the Earls of Pembroke[1442]. She is named "Ysabella comitissa Harundolliæ quondam Hugonis comitis Harundelliæ uxor" when Matthew Paris records her foundation of the nunnery of Marham near Lymm[1443]. m (1234) HUGH de Albini Earl of Arundel, son of WILLIAM d'Aubigny Earl of Arundel & his wife Mabel of Chester ([1213/15]-7 May 1243, bur Wymondham Priory).

2. JOHN de Warenne (1231 or after-Kennington [Nov] 1304, bur Lewes Priory). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Johannes de Garren comes de Garren et Isabella de Aubeni soror eius et comitissa de Arundel” as the children of “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey” and his wife Matilda Marshal of the Earls of Pembroke[1444]. He succeeded his father in 1240 as Earl of Surrey. Henry III King of England agreed that “unam filiarum filiæ...comitis [Sabaudiæ]” would marry “vel Johanni de Warenna qui si vixerit comes erit Warennæ, vel Edmundo de Lacy qui si vixerit comes erit Lincolniæ” by charter dated 1246[1445]. He was one of the guardians of the realm on the death of King Henry III, until the return of Edward I from crusade. He was appointed keeper of the realm of Scotland 3 Sep 1296, but never assumed the post as he was defeated by the Scots at the battle of Stirling[1446]. The Annales Londonienses record the death "circiter festum Exaltationis Sanctæ Crucis…apud Newentone" in 1304 of "comes Warenniæ" and his burial "in ecclesia Sancti Pancratii Lewensi"[1447]. m [firstly] (Aug 1247) ALIX de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XI] "le Brun" Sire de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche & his wife Isabelle Ctss d’Angoulême ([1224]-1256, after 9 Feb). She is named "Aelesia" by Matthew Paris when he records her visit to England in 1247 with her brothers to her uterine half-brother King Henry III and her subsequent marriage with "Johanni comiti Warenniæ adolescenti"[1448]. Matthew Paris records her death in early 1256[1449]. [m secondly ---. No direct evidence has been found of this second marriage. However, the Chronicle of Thomas Wykes describes John de Warenne’s daughter Isabel as “adolescentulam” at the time of her marriage in 1279. If that is correct, it appears improbable that Isabel was born from John’s known wife Alix de Lusignan who died in 1256. In that case, she would have been born from an otherwise unrecorded second marriage of her father. A second marriage also appears probable as John survived his known wife by nearly fifty years.] John Earl of Surrey & his wife had two children:

a) WILLIAM de Warenne (1256-murdered Croydon 15 Dec 1286). He was ambushed and slain after attending a tournament at Croydon[1450]. Inquisitions following a writ dated 15 Dec "15 Edw I" following the death of "William de Warenna...he died on Sunday before St Lucy in the said year...Sunday after St Lucy” name “Joan his wife...Robert de Veer earl of Oxford father of the said joan...John his son born at the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist 14 Edw I is his next heir...aged 38 weeks on Tuesday before St Gregory in the said year”[1451]. m ([Jun 1285]) JOAN de Vere, daughter of ROBERT de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Alice de Sanford (-23 Nov 1293 or before, bur Lewes Priory). Inquisitions following a writ dated 15 Dec "15 Edw I" following the death of "William de Warenna...he died on Sunday before St Lucy in the said year...Sunday after St Lucy” name “Joan his wife...Robert de Veer earl of Oxford father of the said joan...John his son born at the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist 14 Edw I is his next heir...aged 38 weeks on Tuesday before St Gregory in the said year”[1452]. William de Warenne & his wife had two children:

i) JOHN de Warenne (30 Jun 1286-29 Jun 1347, bur Lewes St Pancras). Inquisitions following a writ dated 15 Dec "15 Edw I" following the death of "William de Warenna...he died on Sunday before St Lucy in the said year...Sunday after St Lucy” name “Joan his wife...Robert de Veer earl of Oxford father of the said joan...John his son born at the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist 14 Edw I is his next heir...aged 38 weeks on Tuesday before St Gregory in the said year”[1453]. Her succeeded his grandfather in 1304 as Earl of Surrey. He unsuccessfully attempted to divorce his wife to marry his mistress Matilda de Nerford[1454]. The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347, requests burial "en l’esgise Saint Pancratz de Lewes", makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1455]. m (25 May 1306) JEANNE de Bar, daughter of HENRI III Comte de Bar & his wife Eleanor of England (-31 Aug 1361). The Chronicle of Lanercost names "filium…Edwardum et filiam quam Johannes de Warenna comes duxit in uxorem" as the children of "Alianora filia regis" and "Henrico comiti Barienti"[1456]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "VIII Kal Jun" in 1306 of "dominus Johannes de Warenne" and "filiam comitis de Bar et Elianoræ filiæ…regis Edwardi"[1457]. Froissart records that "la contesse de Garanes…estoit suer au conte de Bar"[1458]. "Dame Iehanne de Bar comtesse de Garennes" bought property at "Gibecourt, Raupont et Gernencourt" from “l’abbé...de l’Isle en Barrois”, in the presence of “son...frere...Edouard comte de Bar”, by charter dated Nov 1333[1459]. "Consanguinea nostra Yolandis de Flandria comitissa de Barro et domina de Cassello relicta defuncti Henrici quondam comitis de Barro" confirmed that she was the mother of "Roberti filii sui nunc comitis de Barro...nunc unici filii sui", and records “Edvardi primogeniti...tunc viventis”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1353 which also records that “Ioanna de Barro comitissa de Barro” affirmed that “defunctus Henricus quondam comes de Barro, proavusque dicti Roberti comitis” was father of “comitem Edvardum et ipsam comitissam de Garennis”, that “quidem comes Edvardus” was father of “Henricum comitem Barrensem maritum dictæ comitissæ Barrensis”, who was father of “præfati Edvardus comes ultimo defunctus et Robertus comes modernus”[1460]. Mistress (1): MATILDA de Nerford, wife of S. de Diriba , daughter of ---. Mistress (2): ISABEL de Holand , daughter of ---. The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1461]. Earl John had six illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

(a) JOHN Warenne (-after Jun 1347). The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1462].

(b) THOMAS Warenne (-before 24 Jun 1347). It is assumed that Thomas predeceased his father in whose testament he is not named.

(c) EDWARD Warenne (-after Jun 1347). The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1463]. Founder of the WARENN family of Poynton.

(d) JOAN Warenne (-after Jun 1347). The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1464]. m (before 24 Jun 1347) --- de Basing, son of ---.

(e) CATHERINE Warenne . The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1465]. m (after 24 Jun 1347) ROBERT Heveningham, son of ---.

(f) ISABEL Warenne . The testament of "Johan Counte de Warenne de Surrey et de Strathorne Seigneur de Bromfeld et de Yal" is dated 24 Jun 1347 and makes bequests to "…Monsieur William de Warenne mon filz…ma fille sa compaigne…Edward de Warenne mon filz…Johanne de Basyngg ma fille…Katerine ma fille…Isabell ma fille Noneyn de Sempyngham…William de Warenne mon fil…Isabelle de Holand ma compaigne"[1466]. Nun at Sempingham.

ii) ALICE de Warenne ([May/Jul 1287]-before 23 May 1338). It is assumed that she was born posthumously as there was insufficient time for her birth between her parents' marriage and the birth of her brother, but no proof has been found that this is correct. m (1305) EDMUND Fitzalan Earl of Arundel, son of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Alasia di Saluzzo (1 May 1285-executed Hereford 17 Nov 1326).

b) ELEANOR de Warenne (1251-before 30 Nov 1282, bur Sallay). A writ dated 30 Nov "10 Edw I", after the death of "Ellen de Percy late the wife of William de Percy", names "John son of Henry de Percy aged 11 is next heir” of the manor of “Donegheton” in Sussex which she held “in dower of the inheritance of the heir of Henry de Percy...which dower king Henry assigned to her after her husband’s death”[1467]. m (York 8 Sep 1268) as his second wife, HENRY de Percy, son of WILLIAM de Percy & his second wife Ellen de Balliol ([1235]-29 Aug 1272, bur Sallay).

John Earl of Surrey & his [second] wife had one child:

c) ISABEL de Warenne ([1265/69]-). The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the marriage “infra octavus Purificationis” in 1279 of “Johannes de Balhol” and “adolescentulam Isabellam filiam comitis Warennæ”[1468]. The word “adolescentulam” suggests her birth in [1265/69]. If that is correct, it appears that Isabel must have been born from an otherwise unrecorded second marriage of her father. This would also be more consistent with the date of death of her son Edward, who would have been extremely old if born soon after his parents’ marriage. A charter dated 27 Mar 1281 records a grant of property by "Dervergulla de Balliol" to "her son John de Balliol and the king’s cousin Isabella daughter of Earl Warrenne his wife"[1469]. m (before 7 Feb 1279) JOHN Balliol, son of JOHN de Balliol of Barnard Castle, co Durham & his wife Devorguilla of Galloway ([1250]-in France [either Château Gaillard, Normandy or Bailleut-en-Gouffern, Normandy] [4 Mar 1314/4 Jan 1315], bur [Church of St Waast, Normandy]). He succeeded in 1292 as JOHN King of Scotland.

Chapter 8. WARWICK

King William II created Henry de Beaumont, from the family of the comtes de Meulan in Normandy, as Earl of Warwick in 1088 as a reward for support in crushing a rebellion. The earldom was inherited by Henry’s descendants until the death in 1242 of Thomas Earl of Warwick who was succeeded by his sister Margaret, whose second husband John du Plessis used the title in her right. When John died in 1263 without direct heirs by his wife Margaret, the earldom passed to Margaret’s first cousin William Mauduit, son of her paternal aunt Alice. In 1267, the earldom passed to William’s nephew William de Beauchamp, whose descendants retained the earldom until 1449.

A. EARLS of WARWICK 1088-1263 (BEAUMONT)

HENRY de Beaumont, son of ROGER Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger & his wife Adeline de Meulan ([1048]-[20 Jun] 1119, bur Préaux). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites” and that Henry received “comitatum Warwik” from “Willelmi regis in Anglia”[1470]. Orderic Vitalis records that William I King of England constructed “castrum apud Guarevicum” [Warwick] and entrusted it to “Henrico Rogerii de Bellomonte filio”, dated to 1068[1471]. "…Rotgerius de Bello monte, Hainricus filius eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1073] under which William I King of England confirmed the donation by "Nielli filii alterius Nielli" made by "suus pater" of six churches on Guernsey to the abbey of Marmoutier[1472]. “Rogerius et filii mei Robertus et Henricus” donated “decimam tocius Brotonie” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated 13 Jan 1086[1473]. After supporting William II King of England against the rebellion of 1088, the king created him Earl of Warwick in [Jul/Dec] 1088. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum et Henricum” as the heirs of “Rogerius...de Bellomonte”, adding that Henry was granted “comitatum de Guarewico”[1474]. "Rogerus de Bellomonte" founded la Sainte-Trinité de Beaumont-le-Roger, with the consent of "liberis meis Roberto comite Mellentensi et Henrico comite de Warwic", by charter dated [1088/89][1475]. He opposed the invasion of England by Robert Duke of Normandy in Jun 1101, and remained loyal to Henry I King of England throughout his life[1476]. "…Henrici comitis…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[1477]. “Henricus…Warwicense consul et Margareta uxor mea et Rogerus noster filius” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter[1478]. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1119 of “comes Henricus de Warewic”[1479].

m MARGUERITE de Perche, daughter of GEOFFROY Comte de Mortagne et de Perche & his wife Beatrix de Ramerupt [Roucy] (-27 Aug after 1156). Orderic Vitalis names “Margaritam...Julianam” as the daughters of “Goisfredus Rotronis Mauritaniæ comitis filius” and his wife “Beatricis”, adding that Marguerite married “Henrico comiti de Covarevico”[1480]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names " Rotaldum eiusdem loci comitem et Iulainam de Aquila matrem regine Navarrensis, et Margaretam uxorem Gisleberti de Novo-burgo" as children, incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica" & his wife Beatrix de Roucy, specifying that Marguerite had children "Rotaldum Ebrodiensem episcopum cum aliis liberis utriusque sexus"[1481]. “Henricus…Warwicense consul et Margareta uxor mea et Rogerus noster filius” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter[1482]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "comitisse de Warwic" in Wiltshire[1483]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "27 Aug" of "Margarita mater Rotrodi episcopi"[1484].

Earl Henry & his wife had five children:

1. ROGER de Beaumont (-12 Jun 1153). Orderic Vitalis names “Rogerium et Rodbertum de Novoburgo” as the children of Henry and his wife[1485]. He was installed as Earl of Warwick in 1123.

- see below.

2. ROBERT [I] de Neufbourg (-30 Aug [or 12 Sep] 1159, bur Bec). Orderic Vitalis names “Rogerium et Rodbertum de Novoburgo” as the children of Henry and his wife[1486]. He succeeded to his father's lands in Normandy and held Neufbourg/Neubourg from the Comte de Meulan.

- see below, NEUFBOURG.

3. ROTROU (-25 Nov 1183). His parentage is confirmed by the necrology of the church of Evreux which records the death "27 Aug" of his mother "Margarita mater Rotrodi episcopi"[1487]. Bishop of Evreux. Archbishop of Rouen. Chief Justiciar and Steward of Normandy[1488].

4. GEOFFROY . The marriage settlement of "Rogerus comes Warr…Agnetem filiam meam" and "Gaufrido camerario" is undated, witnessed by "…Roberto fratre meo et Gaufrido et Henrico…Willelmus de Glint[ona]…Hug[one] de Glint[ona] et Maur[icio] fratre eius…"[1489]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Roberto de Novoburgo, G. fratre eius, Gundreda comitissa, Turstino de Montfort…”[1490]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Gundreda comitissa, Galfridus et Henricus fratres mei, Turstinus de Monteforti…”[1491].

5. HENRI [I] de Neufbourg . Roger Earl of Warwick confirmed a donation to St Pierre, Préaux, by charter dated to [1123/53], witnessed by "Gundr comitissa, Henrico fratre meo"[1492]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Gundreda comitissa, Galfridus et Henricus fratres mei, Turstinus de Monteforti…”[1493].

- NEUFBOURG.

ROGER de Beaumont, son of HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick & his wife Marguerite de Perche (-12 Jun 1153). Orderic Vitalis names “Rogerium et Rodbertum de Novoburgo” as the children of Henry and his wife[1494]. “Henricus…Warwicense consul et Margareta uxor mea et Rogerus noster filius” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter[1495]. He was installed as Earl of Warwick before Easter 1123, in succession to his father, presumably when he came of age. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Roberto de Novoburgo, G. fratre eius, Gundreda comitissa, Turstino de Montfort…”[1496]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Gundreda comitissa, Galfridus et Henricus fratres mei, Turstinus de Monteforti…”[1497]. He supported Stephen King of England in the civil war with Empress Matilda but joined the latter after the battle of Lincoln 2 Feb 1141, but by early 1142 he was again with King Stephen[1498]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Rogero comite Warwicensi"[1499].

m as her first husband, GUNDRED de Warenne, daughter of WILLIAM [II] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet] ([1120 or after]-after 1166). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Walerannus et Robertus...mater eorum” married secondly after the death of her first husband “secundo Willelmo de Warenna comiti Surreiæ” by whom she had “Willelmum tertium et duas filias” of whom “filiarum...primogenitam” married “comes Rogerus de Warwic”[1500]. Robert of Torigny names "Gondrada sorore uterine Galeranni comitis Mellenti" as wife of "Rogero comite Warwicensi"[1501]. Roger Earl of Warwick confirmed a donation to St Pierre, Préaux, by charter dated to [1123/53], witnessed by "Gundr comitissa, Henrico fratre meo"[1502]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Roberto de Novoburgo, G. fratre eius, Gundreda comitissa, Turstino de Montfort…”[1503]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Gundreda comitissa, Galfridus et Henricus fratres mei, Turstinus de Monteforti…”[1504]. She married secondly ([Jun 1153/56]) [as his second wife,] William de Lancaster "Taillebois" Lord of Kendale. An undated manuscript relating to Cokersand Abbey, Lancashire records that “Willielmum de Lancaster” married ”Gundredam prius comitissam de Warwyke”[1505]. Her second marriage date is dictated by the death of her first husband, recorded in Jun 1153. "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated property to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et hæredis et Gundredæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated to [1153/56][1506]. "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[1507]. Farrer has suggested that the wording of this last document indicates that the wife of William de Lancaster was the daughter of Countess Gundred rather than the countess herself, suggesting that the latter must have been "well advanced in years" at the time of the marriage and implying that she would therefore have been past child-bearing age[1508]. It is correct that the wording of the document is curious as it appears inconsistent with both possibilities: if Gundred was "Comitisse", one would expect the first part of the document to read "Gundree Comitisse uxoris mee"; on the other hand, if she was Gundred the daughter, one would expect the subscription to read "Gundr fil Comitisse ux mee". The two names which are quoted above in the subscription list of the document dated to [1156/60] precede the subscribers who held religious positions. It would therefore be normal for them to be the same persons who are named in the body of the document, in the same order, giving their consent to the transaction. However, it is difficult to adopt an interpretation which contradicts the three different sources quoted above (Robert de Torigny, the undated manuscript, and the charter of King Henry II) which identify the countess as William’s wife.

Earl Roger & his wife had [six] children:

1. WILLIAM (-Palestine 15 Nov 1184). The Annals of Waverley record that “Willelmus filius eius” succeeded on the death of “Rogero comite Warvicensi” in 1153[1509]. He succeeded his father in 1153 as Earl of Warwick. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1184 of “Willelmus comes Warevici”[1510]. m firstly MARGERY d'Eiville, daughter of JOHN d'Eiville & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The Complete Peerage records her parentage and marriage but the source which it cites has not yet been identified[1511]. m secondly (before 28 Dec 1175) MATILDA de Percy, daughter of WILLIAM de Percy & his first wife Alice de Tonbridge (-[Nov 1202/13 Oct 1204], bur Fountaine Abbey). A manuscript genealogy of the Percy family names “Matildem et Agnetem” as the daughters and heiresses of “Willielmus de Percy”, adding that Matilda married “Willielmo comiti Warrewyk” but died childless[1512]. “Mathildis de Percy comitissa de Warwic, filia Willielmi de Perci” donated property to Sawley abbey, for the souls of “Willielmi comitis Warwich quondam sponsi mei…patris mei Willielmi de Percy et Adalidis de Tunbrige matris meæ et Alani de Percy fratris mei et Agnetis sororis meæ”, by undated charter[1513]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "comitissa de Warewyke" paying "xv l de parte sua de feodo Willelmi de Percy" in Yorkshire[1514].

2. WALERAN (-[24 Dec 1203]). The Annals of Waverley record that “Wallerannus” succeeded “fratri suo Willelmo in comitatu Warevici” in 1185[1515]. He succeeded his brother in 1184 as Earl of Warwick.

- see below.

3. [HENRY . Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”comes Rogerus de Warwic” and “secundo Willelmo de Warenna comiti Surreiæ...filiarum...primogenitam” had “Henricum et plures alios et duas filias”[1516]. However, Robert of Torigny names "Henricus filius suus" as son and successor of "Rogero comite Warwicensi" & his wife[1517], clearly confusing him with William. Assuming that the two sources are based on common information, it is likely that Henry did not exist.]

4. AGNES . The marriage settlement of "Rogerus comes Warr…Agnetem filiam meam" and "Gaufrido camerario" is undated, witnessed by "…Roberto fratre meo et Gaufrido et Henrico…Hastecill de Haruc…Willelmus de Glint[ona]…Hug[one] de Glint[ona] et Maur[icio] fratre eius…"[1518]. "Gaufridus de Clintone" confirmed the donation of land "in…Chersintona" made to Eynsham abbey by "Willelmus de Clintone patruus meus" by charter dated to [before 1152] witnessed by "Agnes uxor mea, Willelmus de Plan, Osbertus de Clint[one]…"[1519]. “Gaufridus camerarius de Clintona” founded Bretford nunnery in Warwickshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Agnete uxore mea cum filio meo Henrico...Osbertus de Clintona...”[1520]. m GEOFFREY de Clinton, son of GEOFFREY de Clinton & his wife Lesceline --- (-after 1166).

5. [MARGARET (-before [1156/60]). Her parentage is deduced from a charter under which "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[1521]. "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[1522]. The Complete Peerage makes the assumption that “Gundrede uxoris mee” and “Comitisse” in this document refer to the same person[1523]. The charter of King Henry II which records that “primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys” married “Gundredam comitissam Warwic”[1524], certainly suggests that this assumption is probably correct, but the point must be made that the question is not entirely without doubt.]

6. [GUNDRED (-[1200/08]). Her parentage is deduced from a charter under which "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pré, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "…Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse…"[1525]. The Complete Peerage makes the assumption that “Gundrede uxoris mee” and “Comitisse” in this document refer to the same person[1526]. The charter of King Henry II which records that “primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys” married “Gundredam comitissam Warwic”[1527], certainly suggests that this assumption is probably correct, but the question is not entirely without doubt. The question of Gundred’s supposed marriages is not completely clear either. It is certain that the second wife of Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk was named Gundred, as documents show that “Gundred, widow of Hugh Earl of Norfolk”, disputed her husband’s inheritance after his death[1528]. It also clear that the wife of Roger de Glanville was “countess Gundred”: a charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Bungay Nunnery by “Rogeri de Glanvill et Gundredæ comitissæ uxoris meæ” of property at Bungay[1529]. It is probably a safe conclusion that Roger de Glanville’s “countess Gundred” was the widow of the earl of Norfolk as no other countess of this name has been identified at that time in England. However, problems arise when attempting to link the supposed daughter of Roger Earl of Warwick with these two marriages. The Complete Peerage cites a series of documents based on which, it suggests, the link is a reasonable assumption[1530]. However, on closer examination, the only one of these documents which provides any indication of a connection is the Red Book of the Exchequer, in which the 1166 return of William Earl of Warwick (Gundred’s supposed brother) shows that he had received Bungay in exchange from the Earl of Leicester[1531]. However, this provides only circumstancial evidence regarding the link and, if this is the only indication available, it cannot safely be concluded that the link is proved beyond all doubt. The safest position is therefore to show Gundred and her supposed two marriages in square brackets. m firstly as his second wife, HUGH Bigod Earl of Norfolk, son of ROGER Bigod of Earsham, Suffolk & his second wife Alice de Tosny ([1095]-before 9 Mar 1177). m secondly as his second wife, ROGER de Glanville, son of ROBERT de Glanville & his wife --- (-after Apr 1192).]

WALERAN, son of ROGER Earl of Warwick & his wife Gundred de Warenne of Surrey (-[24 Dec 1203]). The Annals of Waverley record that “Wallerannus” succeeded “fratri suo Willelmo in comitatu Warevici” in 1185[1532]. He succeeded his brother in 1184 as Earl of Warwick. His succession was later challenged by someone claiming to be his older brother returned from Palestine[1533].

m firstly MARGARET [Margery], daughter of --- (-before 1196). Earl Waleran made a grant at Pinley for the soul of his wife Margery, as well those of his parents and his brother William[1534]. According to the Complete Peerage[1535], Earl Waleran's first wife was Margaret de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun & his wife Margaret of Hereford. This appears chronologically improbable considering the likely birth dates of the children of Humphrey/Margaret in the 1140s, and in light of the estimated birth date of Waleran/Margaret's son in [1190]. One possibility is that Margaret was the daughter of the younger Humphrey de Bohun and his wife Margaret of Huntingdon, who were married in early 1171. A more likely hypothesis is set out in the on-line Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage[1536], where it is suggested that Waleran's first wife was Margery de Oilly, daughter of Henry de Oilly of Hook Norton, Oxford & his wife Matilda de Bohun who, according to the Complete Peerage[1537], was the first wife of Waleran's son, Henry, despite the obvious chronological difficulties of the latter considering her birth date before 1163, when her father died. This latter hypothesis appears confirmed by a writ dated 7 Mar "47 Hen III", after the death of "John de Plessetis alias de Plascetis earl of Warwick", which notes that "Humphrey de Bohun gave the manor [of Bradenham, Buckinghamshire] in free marriage to Henry de Oylly with Maud his sister", names "a son Henry and two daughters" as their children, adding that "from the elder [daughter] issued Thomas earl of Warwick and one Margery"[1538]. Bracton records a claim, dated 1234, by "Walterus filius Symonis" against "Thomam comitem de Warewyc" which records that "Matillis de Boun antecessor ipsius Symonis" was "uxor Henrici de Oylly" by whom she had "filium Henricum de Oylly" who died without heirs but had "sororem Margeriam" who was the mother of "Henricum…comitem de Warewyc et qui fuit pater ipsius Thome"[1539].

m secondly ([1196/98]) as her second husband, ALICE de Harcourt, widow of JOHN de Limesey Lord of Cavendish, Suffolk, daughter of ROBERT [I] de Harcourt & his wife Millicent de Camville (-after Sep 1212). The 1198/99 Pipe Roll records "Robert de Harcurt" in Warwick and Leicestershires and “the Earl of Warwick accounts for 100 marks for having to wife Robert de Harecurt’s daughter, widow of John de Limesi”[1540].

Earl Waleran & his first wife had two children:

1. HENRY ([1190]-1229 before 17 Oct). He succeeded his father in [1203] as Earl of Warwick. He was still a minor in 1205 when Thomas Basset paid for his wardship[1541]. An order dated 11 Oct 1227 records a lawsuit against "Henricum comitem Warewici et Philippam uxorem eius et Thomam filium ipsius comitis…"[1542]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1229 of “comes Warewik”[1543]. m firstly ---. According to the Complete Peerage[1544], Earl Henry married firstly Margery de Oilly but, as shown above, it is more likely that she was Henry’s mother. The existence of the marriage appears to be based only on an interpretation of a 1263 inquisition according to which Henry's two children "issued from [exierunt]" the daughter of Henry de Oilly, although a broader translation of the expression as "descended from" is possible[1545]. m secondly (after 1205) as her first husband, PHILIPPA Basset, daughter and co-heiress of THOMAS Basset [II] of Headington, Oxfordshire & his wife --- (-before 29 Nov 1265, bur Bicester Priory). "Thom Basset" paid a fine for the marriage of "fil sua fil com de Warwic" in Oxfordshire and Warwickshire, dated 1205[1546]. "Henry earl of Warwick…and Philippa his wife, and Reginald de Vautorte…and Joan his wife, and Alice sister of Philippa and Joan" performed homage for the lands formerly of "Thomas Basset, whose heirs are Philippa, Joan and Alice", dated 19 May 1220[1547]. An order dated 11 Oct 1227 records a lawsuit against "Henricum comitem Warewici et Philippam uxorem eius et Thomam filium ipsius comitis…"[1548]. She married secondly (before 4 Nov 1229, divorced 1242) Richard Siward. Bracton records an inquiry, dated 1231, by "Thome Basset" which names "Ricardus Suward…et Philippam comitissam Warwici uxorem eius"[1549]. A writ dated 25 Aug "26 Hen III", and subsequent inquisitions, after the death of "Thomas Earl of Warwick" excluded the dower of "Philippa sometime the wife of Henry earl of Warwick and Maud sometime the wife of Henry de Oylly" and listed his lands without naming an heir[1550]. Earl Henry & his first wife had two children:

a) THOMAS (-26/27 Jun 1242, bur St Mary's Warwick). An order dated 11 Oct 1227 records a lawsuit against "Henricum comitem Warewici et Philippam uxorem eius et Thomam filium ipsius comitis…"[1551]. He succeeded his father in 1229 as Earl of Warwick. King Henry III received the homage of "Thome de Warewic filii et heredis H. quondam comitis Warewic", dated 1229[1552]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1242 of “Thomas comes Warwike”[1553]. A writ dated 25 Aug "26 Hen III", and subsequent inquisitions, after the death of "Thomas Earl of Warwick" excluded the dower of "Philippa sometime the wife of Henry earl of Warwick and Maud sometime the wife of Henry de Oylly" and listed his lands without naming an heir[1554]. A later writ dated 5 Feb "28 Hen III", after the death of Thomas Earl of Warwick, assigns two parts of his fees to "John de Plesseto and Margery his wife, sister and heir of the said earl" and one part to "Ela late his wife in dower"[1555]. A writ dated 7 Mar "47 Hen III", after the death of "John de Plessetis alias de Plascetis earl of Warwick", which notes that "Humphrey de Bohun gave the manor [of Bradenham, Buckinghamshire] in free marriage to Henry de Oylly with Maud his sister", names "a son Henry and two daughters" as their children, adding that "from the elder [daughter] issued Thomas earl of Warwick and one Margery" both of whom died childless[1556]. m as her first husband, ELA Longespee of Salisbury, daughter of WILLIAM Longespee Earl of Salisbury & his wife Ela Ctss of Salisbury (-9 Feb 1298, bur Oseney Abbey, Oxfordshire). The Book of Lacock names “Isabellam de Vescy…Elam…Idam de Camyle” as the daughters of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Ela married “Comes Warwik, et postea Philippus Basset” but was childless[1557]. A writ dated 5 Feb "28 Hen III", after the death of Thomas Earl of Warwick, assigns two parts of his fees to "John de Plesseto and Margery his wife, sister and heir of the said earl" and one part to "Ela late his wife in dower"[1558]. She married secondly ([13 Nov 1254/23 Mar 1255]) as his second wife, Philip Basset of Wycombe. Pope Innocent IV issued a dispensation to “Ela de Warwick of the diocese of Worcester to contract marriage with Philip son of Alan knight who is connected with her in the third degree of affinity”, dated 13 Nov 1254[1559]. Pope Alexander IV issued an indult to “Philip knight son of Alan deceased of the diocese of London and his wife Ela de Warwec...to remain in the marriage they have contracted notwithstanding that they are related in the fourth degree of consanguinity”, dated 23 Mar 1255[1560]. The Chroniculum of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the death in 1300 of “domina Ela comitissa Warwici” and her burial “Oseneye”[1561].

b) MARGARET (-3 Jun 1253). She succeeded her brother in 1242 as Ctss of Warwick, suo iure. A writ dated 5 Feb "28 Hen III", after the death of Thomas Earl of Warwick, assigns two parts of his fees to "John de Plesseto and Margery his wife, sister and heir of the said earl" and one part to "Ela late his wife in dower"[1562]. A writ dated 7 Mar "47 Hen III", after the death of "John de Plessetis alias de Plascetis earl of Warwick", which notes that "Humphrey de Bohun gave the manor [of Bradenham, Buckinghamshire] in free marriage to Henry de Oylly with Maud his sister", names "a son Henry and two daughters" as their children, adding that "from the elder [daughter] issued Thomas earl of Warwick and one Margery" both of whom died childless[1563]. m firstly (before 23 Aug 1242) JOHN Marshal Marshal of Ireland, son of JOHN Marshal, Marshal of Ireland & his wife Aline de Rye (-[3 Oct/23 Oct] 1242). m secondly (before 14 Sep 1243) as his second wife, JOHN du Plessis, son of --- (-25 Feb 1263, bur Missenden Abbey, Buckinghamshire). He succeeded as Earl of Warwick, de iure uxoris, using the title from Aug 1247 until his death[1564]. A charter dated 3 Feb 1247 records a final agreement between "Johannem de Plesseto" and "Willelmum Mauduyt et Aliciam uxorem eius", relating to "maneriis Warwyk…pertientibus ad comitatum Warr, unde Thomas frater Margerie uxoris eiusdem Johannis, cuius heres ipsa est", agreeing the succession of the latter if the wife of the former died without heirs[1565]. A writ dated 7 Mar "47 Hen III", after the death of "John de Plessetis alias de Plascetis earl of Warwick" records "Hugh his son, aged variously stated as 24 and more, 25 or more and 26, is his heir"[1566].

2. WALERAN (-after 30 Nov 1208). "Waleranus comes Warewych" granted "totam villam de Gretaham…medietatem de Cotusmor" to "Walerano filio meo" by charter dated to [1193/1204][1567]. King John confirmed "manerio de Gretham et Cotesmore", granted to "Walann fil com Walann de Warewic" by "predictus com Walann pater suus", by charter dated 30 Nov 1208[1568].

Earl Waleran & his second wife had two children:

3. ALICE (-[3 Feb 1247/1263]). King John confirmed "manerio de Wauton", granted to "Alic fil com Walann de Warewic" by "predictus com Walann ad se maritand", by charter dated 30 Nov 1208[1569]. A charter dated 3 Feb 1247 records a final agreement between "Johannem de Plesseto" and "Willelmum Mauduyt et Aliciam uxorem eius", relating to "maneriis Warwyk…pertientibus ad comitatum Warr, unde Thomas frater Margerie uxoris eiusdem Johannis, cuius heres ipsa est", agreeing the succession of the latter if the wife of the former died without heirs[1570]. m ([30 Nov] 1208) WILLIAM [IV] Mauduit of Hanslope, Berkshire, son of ROBERT [II] Mauduit & his wife Isabella Basset (-before 14 Feb 1257). Their son William succeeded in 1263 as Earl of Warwick on the death of Earl John du Plessis, second husband of his first cousin Margery Ctss of Warwick, but died childless and was succeeded by his sister Isabel who married William de Beauchamp (see below Part B).

4. GUNDRED . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified.

B. EARLS of WARWICK 1263-1449 (BEAUCHAMP)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

WILLIAM [V] de Beauchamp, son of WILLIAM [IV] de Beauchamp of Elmley, Worcestershire & his wife Isabel Mauduit ([1237/41]-Elmley 5 or 9 Jun 1298, bur 22 Jun 1298 Worcester Franciscan Church). The will of "William de Beauchamp", dated 7 Jan 1268, bequeathed property to "Walter my son...Joane my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Sibill my daughter...Sarah my daughter...William my eldest son...my daughter the countess his wife...Isabel my wife..."[1571]. A writ dated 20 Jan "52 Hen III", after the death of "William Maudut…earl of Warwick", names "William de Bello Campo the younger, son of hs sister Isabel deceased who was married to William de Bello Campo the elder, age variously stated as 26 and more, and 30 and more, is his heir"[1572]. "Willelmum de Bello Campo filium Walteri de Bello Campo" granted "manerium suum de Ledecombe" to "Willelmum primogenitum eius et Matildem uxor eius", in exchange for "tenemento in Schirrevelench", by charter dated to [1261/69][1573]. He succeeded his maternal uncle in Jan 1267 as Earl of Warwick. He succeeded his father in 1268 at Elmley and as hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire. The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, chose burial “in the quire of the Friars-Minors, commonly called the Gray-friars at Worcester”, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1574]. The Annals of Worcester record the death “V Id Jun” in 1298 of “Willelmus de Bello Campo comes Warewike” and his burial “Wygorniæ…inter fratres Minores”[1575]. Inquisitions dated Jun 1298 record that "William de Bello Campo Earl of Warwick" held the castle of Worcester and other properties in Worcestershire and name "Guy de Warr’…son and next heir… aged 27 years"[1576].

m (before 7 Jan 1269) as her second husband, MATILDA FitzJohn, widow of GERARD de Furnivalle, daughter of JOHN FitzGeoffrey of Shere, Surrey & his wife Isabel Bigod of Norfolk (-16/18 Apr 1301, bur 7 May 1301 Worcester Franciscan Church). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Matilda uxor Guidonis comitis Warwici" as the oldest daughter of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…"[1577]. "Willelmum de Bello Campo filium Walteri de Bello Campo" granted "manerium suum de Ledecombe" to "Willelmum primogenitum eius et Matildem uxor eius", in exchange for "tenemento in Schirrevelench", by charter dated to [1261/69][1578]. The will of "William de Beauchamp", dated 7 Jan 1268, bequeathed property to "Walter my son...Joane my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Sibill my daughter...Sarah my daughter...William my eldest son...my daughter the countess his wife...Isabel my wife..."[1579]. The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, chose burial “in the quire of the Friars-Minors, commonly called the Gray-friars at Worcester”, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1580].

Earl William & his wife had [five or more] children:

1. GUY de Beauchamp ([1270/71]-Warwick [28 Jul/early Aug] 1315, bur Bordsley). The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1581]. Inquisitions dated Jun 1298 record that "William de Bello Campo Earl of Warwick" held the castle of Worcester and other properties in Worcestershire and name "Guy de Warr’…son and next heir… aged 27 years"[1582]. He succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Warwick. The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, chose burial “in the abbey of Bordsley”, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1583]. Nicolas states that Guy died 28 Aug 1316, but this date is incorrect as shown by the following document[1584]. A writ dated 16 Aug "9 Edw II", after the death of "Guy de Bello Campo, Earl of Warwick", records "Thomas his son, age unknown [...aged 1 1/2 ...aged 1 ¾...aged nearly 2 years...aged 1 year on the feast of St. Valentine last], is his next heir" and names “Alice sometime his wife”[1585]. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 11 May 1297) ISABEL de Clare, daughter of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his first wife Alice de Lusignan (10 Mar 1263-after 1322). m ([12 Jan/28 Feb] 1310) as her second husband, ALICE de Tosny, widow of THOMAS de Leyburn, daughter of RAOUL [VII] de Tosny & his wife Mary --- ([1282/85]-[7 Nov 1324/8 Jan 1325]). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1316, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1586]. She married thirdly ([26 Oct 1315/25 Feb 1317]) William La Zouche Lord Zouche of Mortimer. Earl Guy & his wife had four children:

a) MATILDA de Beauchamp (-28 Jul 1369, bur London Dominican Church). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1587]. The will of "Dame Maud...late the wife of Geoffrey Say", dated 30 Oct 1369, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Preachers of London, near Edmond my loving husband”, bequeathed property to “my son William de Say...John my son...”[1588]. It is unclear in this document whether “Edmond my loving husband” represents an error for Geoffrey or whether the testator had married a second time after the death of her first husband. m [firstly] GEOFFREY de Say Lord Say, son of GEOFFREY de Say Lord Say & his wife Idonia de Leyburn ([1305]-26 Jun 1359). [m secondly EDMUND, son of --- (-before 30 Oct 1369, bur London Dominican Church).]

b) ELIZABETH de Beauchamp . The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter the marriage of Astley’s heir...Thomas my son...John my son"[1589]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. m (before 1337) THOMAS de Astley Lord Astley, son of GILES de Astley & his wife Alice --- (-after 3 May 1366).

c) THOMAS de Beauchamp (14 Feb 1314-Calais 13 Nov 1369, bur Warwick, St Mary's). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1590]. He succeeded his father in 1316 as Earl of Warwick.

- see below.

d) JOHN de Beauchamp (1315-2 Dec 1360, bur London, St Paul's). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1591]. He was elected Knight of the Garter in 1344, being one of the 25 original Knights of the order. He was summoned to parliament as Lord Beauchamp 15 Nov 1350[1592].

2. [other son(s) , The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1593]. The reference in the document to Guy as the testator’s eldest son suggests that he had other sons, although they are not otherwise referred to in the document.

3. ISABEL de Beauchamp (-1306). Inquisitions after a writ dated 7 Jul "11 Edw I" following the death of "Patrick de Cadurcis...” name “Maud his daughter aged 1 at the feast of the Purification last is his next heir...Isabel his wife”[1594]. m firstly PATRICK de Chaworth, son of PATRICK de Chaworth & his wife Hawise de London (-before 7 Jul 1283). m secondly ([1286]) HUGH le Despencer, son of HUGH le Despencer & his wife Aline Basset (1261-executed 1326). Lord le Despencer 1295. He was created Earl of Winchester in 1322. The earldom was forfeited on his death.

4. daughter (-after 14 Sep 1296). Nun at Shouldham, Norfolk. The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1595].

5. daughter (-after 14 Sep 1296). Nun at Shouldham, Norfolk. The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[1596].

THOMAS de Beauchamp, son of GUY de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his wife Alice de Tosny (14 Feb 1314-Calais 13 Nov 1369, bur Warwick, St Mary's). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 28 Jul 1315, bequeathed property to "Alice my wife...Maud my daughter...Elizabeth my daughter...Thomas my son...John my son"[1597]. He succeeded his father in 1316 as Earl of Warwick. King Edward II requested papal dispensation for the marriage between “Guidonem de Bello Campo nuper comitem Warenæ defunctum...Thomam filium et hæredem prædicti comitis adhuc infra ætatem” and “Rogerum de Mortuo Mari dominum de Wygemor...unam de filiabus prædicti Roger”, related “in quarto et tertio gradu prohibito”, by charter dated 7 Feb 1319[1598]. He was elected Knight of the Garter in 1344, being one of the 25 original Knights of the order[1599]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1600]. He died of the plague[1601].

m (Papal dispensation 19 Apr 1319) KATHERINE de Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer [later Earl of March] & his wife Joan de Geneville (-[4 Aug/6 Sep] 1369, bur Warwick, St Mary's). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Edmundum primogenitum…Rogerum militem, Galfridum…Johannem…Katherinam…Johannam…Agnetam…Margaretam…Matildam… Blanchiam… et Beatricem” as children of “Roger comes et Johanna uxor eius”, adding that Katherine married “domino Thomæ de Bellocampo comiti Warwykie”[1602]. King Edward II requested papal dispensation for the marriage between “Guidonem de Bello Campo nuper comitem Warenæ defunctum...Thomam filium et hæredem prædicti comitis adhuc infra ætatem” and “Rogerum de Mortuo Mari dominum de Wygemor...unam de filiabus prædicti Roger”, related “in quarto et tertio gradu prohibito”, by charter dated 7 Feb 1319[1603]. The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, chose burial “where the Earl my husband shall appoint”, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1604].

Earl Thomas & his wife had [ten] children:

1. JOAN de Beauchamp . Considering her husband’s date of birth, and the chronology of the Beauchamp/Warwick and Mortimer families, Joan was probably an infant when married. m ([May] 1338) as his first wife, RALPH Basset, son of RALPH Basset Lord Basset (of Drayton) & his wife Joan de Grey ([1334/35]-10 May 1390, bur Lichfield Cathedral).

2. GUY de Beauchamp (-France 28 Apr 1360, bur Vendôme). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Knt", dated 26 Sep 1359, chose burial “where my parents shall think proper”, bequeathed property to “the Earl my father...the Countess my mother, Philippa my wife...Katherine my daughter a nun at Shouldham”, and donated “the church of Neketon in Norfolk...to the monastery church of Shouldham for the sustenance of Katherine and Margaret my daughters”[1605]. m (before 1353) PHILIPPA de Ferrers, daughter of HENRY de Ferrers Lord Ferrers of Groby & his wife Isabel de Verdun (-before 10 Aug 1384). The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[1606]. The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Knt", dated 26 Sep 1359, bequeathed property to “the Earl my father...the Countess my mother, Philippa my wife...Katherine my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Margaret my daughter...”[1607]. Guy & his wife had [three] children:

a) KATHERINE de Beauchamp ([1352/53]-after 1 Apr 1400). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Knt", dated 26 Sep 1359, bequeathed property to “the Earl my father...the Countess my mother, Philippa my wife...Katherine my daughter a nun at Shouldham”, and donated “the church of Neketon in Norfolk...to the monastery church of Shouldham for the sustenance of Katherine and Margaret my daughters”[1608]. Nun at Shouldham Priory, Norfolk. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1609]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1610].

b) [MARGARET de Beauchamp (-after 26 Sep 1359). The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Knt", dated 26 Sep 1359, bequeathed property to “the Earl my father...the Countess my mother, Philippa my wife...Katherine my daughter a nun at Shouldham”, and donated “the church of Neketon in Norfolk...to the monastery church of Shouldham for the sustenance of Katherine and Margaret my daughters”[1611]. The editor of the compilation in which the translation of this will is published notes that a note of the will in a manuscript in the British Museum describes Margaret as the testator’s sister. He suggests that this is more likely to be correct “from Dugdale’s informing us that Katherine aged about seven years and Elizabeth aged about one year were found to be the daughters and heirs of this Guy, without mentioning any daughter called Margaret”. Giving the spacing between the birth of the testator’s other two daughters, it is possible that other children were born in the interval who predeceased their father. It should be noted that the will of Thomas Earl of Warwick does specify that his daughter Margaret was a nun at Shouldham.]

c) ELIZABETH de Beauchamp (after 26 Sep 1359-after 4 Aug 1369). The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1612].

3. THOMAS de Beauchamp (before 16 Mar 1339-8 Apr 1401, bur Warwick, St Mary's). Tyerman notes that licences were granted in winter 1367/68 to "well-funded retinues of the sons of the earl of Warwick, himself a Baltic veteran from two years before" to travel to Prussia[1613]. The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1614]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1615]. He succeeded his father in 1369 as Earl of Warwick. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, chose burial “in the collegiate church of our Lady of Warwick”, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1616]. m (before Apr 1381) MARGARET de Ferrers, daughter of WILLIAM de Ferrers Lord Ferrers of Groby & his first wife Margaret de Ufford Earl of Suffolk (-22 Jan 1407, bur Warwick, St Mary's). Earl Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) RICHARD (25 or 28 Jan 1382-Rouen 30 Apr 1439, bur 4 Oct 1439 Warwick, St Mary's). The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1617]. He succeeded his father in 1401 as Earl of Warwick. Henry V King of England invested him as Comte d'Aumâle at Vernon 19 May 1419[1618]. He was appointed Lieutenant General and Governor of France and Normandy 16 Jul 1437[1619]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “apud civitatem Rotomagensem 1439” of “dominus Ricardus quintus, comes Warwichiæ” and his burial “apud Warwick eodem anno”[1620]. The will of "Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 9 Aug 1435, chose burial “in the chapel adjoining the Collegiate church of Our Lady of Warwick...on the right hand of my father’s tomb”, required a tomb to be erected “in the abbey of Kinswood, Gloucestershire on the grave of Elizabeth my first wife”, bequeathed property to “Isabel now my wife...Henry my son...”[1621]. m firstly (covenant Sep 1392, before 5 Oct 1397) ELIZABETH Berkeley Baroness Berkeley, Baroness Lisle, daughter of THOMAS de Berkeley Lord Berkeley & his wife Margaret Baroness Lisle (after 1385-28 Dec 1422, bur Kingswood Abbey, Gloucestershire). The will of "Thomas Lord Berkley", dated 2 Feb 1415, bequeathed property to “my daughter the Countess of Warwick”[1622]. The will of "Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 9 Aug 1435, required a tomb to be erected “in the abbey of Kinswood, Gloucestershire on the grave of Elizabeth my first wife”[1623]. m secondly (Hanley Castle, Worcestershire 26 Nov 1423) as her second husband, ISABEL le Despencer, widow of RICHARD Beauchamp Earl of Worcester, daughter of THOMAS Le Despencer Earl of Gloucester & his wife Constance of York (Cardiff 26 Jul 1400-Friars Minoresses, London 27 Dec 1439, bur 13 Jan 1440 Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that, after the death of her first husband, “dominam Isabellam comitissam Wigorniæ” had Papal dispensation to marry “dominus Richardus Bewchampe V comes Warwichiæ, et filius patris Ricardi quarti comitis Wigorniæ” whom she married “1423 XXVI die Nov”, and that she died “VI Kal Jan” following the death of her second husband and was buried “Id Jan” in Tewkesbury abbey[1624]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1625]. The will of "Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 9 Aug 1435, bequeathed property to “Isabel now my wife...Henry my son...”[1626]. The will of "Isabel Beauchamp Countess of Warwick", dated 1 Dec 1439, chose burial “in the abbey of Tewksbury”[1627]. Earl Richard & his first wife had three children:

i) MARGARET (1404-14 Jun 1467, bur London, St Paul's). m (Warwick Castle 6 Sep 1425) as his second wife, JOHN Talbot Lord Talbot, son of RICHARD Talbot Lord Talbot & his wife Ankaret Lestrange Baroness Strange (1384-killed in battle Castillon, Dordogne 17 Jul 1453, bur St Alkmund's, Whitchurch, Shropshire). He was created Earl of Shrewsbury in 1441.

ii) ELEANOR (Wedgenock, Warwickshire 1407-Baynard’s Castle, London 6 Mar 1467). m firstly THOMAS de Ros Lord de Ros, son of WILLIAM de Ros Lord de Ros & his wife Margaret de Arundel (Belvoir 26 Sep 1406-France 18 Aug 1430). m secondly ([1431/35]) EDMUND Beaufort Earl of Somerset, son of JOHN Beaufort Earl of Somerset & his wife Margaret de Holand ([1406]-killed in battle St Albans 22 May 1455, bur St Albans Abbey). Duke of Somerset 1448. m thirdly WALTER Rokesley, son of ---.

iii) ELIZABETH (1417-1480). m firstly GEORGE Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (-1469). Lord Latimer. m secondly THOMAS Wake, son of ---.

Earl Richard & his second wife had two children:

iv) HENRY (Hanley Castle 22 Mar 1425-Hanley Castle 11 Jun 1446, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth “post annum et tres meses…xxii die Marcii 1424…apud castrum de Hanley” of “Henricus” son of “dominus Richardus Bewchampe V comes Warwichiæ” and his wife Isabel[1628]. The will of "Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 9 Aug 1435, bequeathed property to “Isabel now my wife...Henry my son...”[1629]. He succeeded his father in 1439 as Earl of Warwick, Comte d'Aumâle. He was created Duke of Warwick 5 Apr 1445. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “III Id Jun 1446…apud castrum de Hanleya” of “dominus Henricus nobilis dux Warwichiæ” aged 22 and his burial in Tewkesbury abbey[1630]. m (1434) as her first husband, CICELY Neville, daughter of RICHARD Neville Earl of Salisbury & his wife Alice Ctss of Salisbury (-28 Jul 1450, bur 31 Jul 1450 Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Henricus dominus le Despenser” and “Ceciliam filiam domini Ricardi Nevill comitis Sarum” in 1434 in his tenth year[1631]. She married secondly (licence 3 Apr 1449) as his first wife, John Tiptoft Earl of Worcester. Earl Henry & his wife had one child:

(a) ANNE (Cardiff Feb 1444-Ewelme, Oxfordshire 3 Jan 1449, bur Reading Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth “apud Kardif mense Februarii 1444” of “filiam…Annam” to “Henricus” and his wife “Ceciliam filiam domini Ricardi Nevill comitis Sarum”[1632]. She succeeded her father in 1446 as Ctss of Warwick, suo iure. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “1449…apud manerium de Herpendene” of “domini Henrici ducis, domina Anna filia eius unica” aged 6 and her burial “apud monasterium de Reding”[1633].

v) ANNE (Caversham [Apr] 1426-before 20 Sep 1492). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth of “filia…Anna” to “dominus Richardus Bewchampe V comes Warwichiæ” and his wife Isabel, one year and six months after the birth of her older brother, adding that she married “Ricardus filius…Ricardi comitis Sarum” in the same month and year as her brother’s marriage[1634]. She succeeded her niece in 1449 as Ctss of Warwick, suo iure, by application of the doctrine of the full blood which excluded her three older half-sisters[1635]. m (1434) RICHARD Neville, son of RICHARD Neville Earl of Salisbury & his wife Alice Ctss of Salisbury (1428-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471, bur Bisham Abbey, Berkshire). He succeeded as Earl of Warwick in 1449, de iure uxoris. He succeeded his father in 1460 as Earl of Salisbury.

4. MATILDA de Beauchamp (-[Jan/Feb] 1403). Her parentage and marriage are shown in the Complete Peerage, but without citing any sources[1636]. The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1637]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1638]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1639]. m ROGER [V] de Clifford Lord Clifford, son of ROBERT [II] de Clifford Lord Clifford & his wife Isabel de Berkeley (10 Jul 1333-13 Jul 1389).

5. PHILIPPA de Beauchamp . The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1640]. m HUGH de Stafford, son of RALPH de Stafford Earl of Stafford & his second wife Margaret de Audley (-1386, bur Stone Priory). He succeeded his father in 1372 as Earl of Stafford.

6. WILLIAM de Beauchamp (-8 May 1411, bur Hereford, Black Friars). The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1641]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1642]. He was created Lord Abergavenny in 1392. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1643]. The will of "William de Beauchamp Lord of Bergavenny", dated 25 Apr 1408, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Preachers at Hereford next...the tomb of John de Hastings Earl of Pembroke”, bequeathed property to “Joan my wife...Richard my son...Joane and Elizabeth my daughters”[1644]. m JOAN FitzAlan, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Elizabeth de Bohun of Northampton (1375-14 Nov 1435, bur Hereford, Black Friars). The will of "William de Beauchamp Lord of Bergavenny", dated 25 Apr 1408, bequeathed property to “Joan my wife...Richard my son...Joane and Elizabeth my daughters”[1645]. William & his wife had three children:

a) RICHARD ([1397]-18 Mar 1422, bur 25 Apr 1422 Tewkesbury Abbey). The will of "William de Beauchamp Lord of Bergavenny", dated 25 Apr 1408, bequeathed property to “Joan my wife...Richard my son...Joane and Elizabeth my daughters”[1646]. He succeeded his father as Lord Abergavenny. He was created Earl of Worcester Feb 1421. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “dominus Ricardus quartus de Bellocampo” was created “comes Wigorniæ apud Londoniam” and died “XV Kal Apr 1421 in Gallia apud Mews in Brie” (Meaux) wounded during the siege, and was buried “XXV die Aprilis” at Tewkesbury abbey[1647]. m (Tewkesbury 27 Jul 1411) as her first husband, ISABEL Le Despencer, daughter of THOMAS Le Despencer Lord Despencer Earl of Gloucester & his wife Constance of York (posthumously Cardiff 26 Jul 1400-Friar Minoresses, London 27 Dec 1439, bur 13 Jan 1440 Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Ricardum, Elizabetham et Isabellam” as the children of “Thomam le Despencer et comitem Gloucestriæ” and his wife “dominam Constantiam filiam domini Edmundi de Langley, filii regis Edwardi tertii et ducis Eboracensis”, adding that Isabel was born seven months after the death of her father “apud Kardyf in die sanctæ Annæ 1400”, that she inherited the Despencer lordship after the death of her brother, and that she married “dominus Ricardus de Bellocampo, filius et hæres domini Willielmi Bewchamp et dominus de Abergeveni, in die VII dormientium 1411…apud Theokes”[1648]. She married secondly (Papal dispensation 26 Nov 1423, Hanley Castle, Worcestershire) as his second wife, Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that, after the death of her first husband, “dominam Isabellam comitissam Wigorniæ” had Papal dispensation to marry “dominus Richardus Bewchampe V comes Warwichiæ, et filius patris Ricardi quarti comitis Wigorniæ” whom she married “1423 XXVI die Nov”, and that she died “VI Kal Jan” following the death of her second husband and was buried “Id Jan” in Tewkesbury abbey[1649]. The will of "Isabel Beauchamp Countess of Warwick", dated 1 Dec 1439, chose burial “in the abbey of Tewksbury”[1650]. Earl Richard & his wife had one child:

i) ELIZABETH (Hanley Castle, Worcestershire 16 Sep 1415-18 Jun 1448, bur Coventry, Carmelites). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth “apud Hanleyam XVI die Sep. 1415” of “filiam Elizabetham” to “dominus Ricardus quartus de Bellocampo…et domina Isabella uxor eius”, adding that she later married “domino Edwardo Nevill juniori filio comitis de Westmerland” by whom she was mother of “Georgius”[1651]. She succeeded her father in 1422 as Baroness Abergavenny. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “XIV Kal Jul” of “domina Elizabetha, filia domini Ricardi quarti comitis Wigorniæ” aged 32 and her burial “apud ecclesiam fratrum Carmelitarum de Coventry”[1652]. m (before 18 Oct 1424) as his first wife, EDWARD Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (-18 Oct 1476). He succeeded as Lord Abergavenny, de iure uxoris.

b) JOAN de Beauchamp . The will of "William de Beauchamp Lord of Bergavenny", dated 25 Apr 1408, bequeathed property to “Joan my wife...Richard my son...Joane and Elizabeth my daughters”[1653].

c) ELIZABETH de Beauchamp . The will of "William de Beauchamp Lord of Bergavenny", dated 25 Apr 1408, bequeathed property to “Joan my wife...Richard my son...Joane and Elizabeth my daughters”[1654].

7. ALICE de Beauchamp (-after 4 Aug 1369). The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1655]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1656].

8. MARGARET de Beauchamp (-after 4 Aug 1369). The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1657]. Nun at Shouldham, Norfolk. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1658]. m (Papal dispensation Jul 1347) GUY de Montfort, son of PIERS [III] de Montfort Lord Montfort & his wife [Margaret de Furnivalle] (-before 1370).

9. ISABEL (-29 Sep 1416, bur Campsey Priory). The will of "Katherine Countess of Warwick", dated 4 Aug 1369, bequeathed property to “the Earl my husband...Thomas my son...William my other son...Maud de Clifford my daughter...Philippa de Stafford my daughter...my daughter Alice...Margaret Montfort my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Elizabeth the daughter of my son Guy...”[1659]. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 6 Sep 1369, chose burial “in the quire of the Collegiate Church of our Lady at Warwick”, bequeathed property to “my two sons Thomas and William...Isabel my daughter...to her marriage...Margaret my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Katherine the daughter of my son Guy a nun at Shouldham...my daughter Alice...my daughter Clifford...John Beauchamp...Roger Beauchamp...Guy de Brienne...”[1660]. The will of "William d’Ufford Earl of Suffolk", dated 11 Jun 1381, bequeathed property to “Isabel my wife...my sister Dame Maud d’Ufford...my nephew Willoghby Lord Eresby...my nephew Scales and my niece his wife...my cousin of Kardeston...my cousin Robert Ufford...Richard le Scroop...”[1661]. She became a nun 21 Mar 1382. The will of "Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 1 Apr 1400, bequeathed property to “Richard my son and heir...my daughter Beauchamp...my brother of Bergavenny...my sisters of Suffolk and Clifford and...my niece Katherine Beauchamp the nun at Shouldham”[1662]. The will of "Isabel d’Ufford Countess of Suffolk", dated 26 Sep 1416, chose burial “in the abbey of Campesse near my husband”[1663]. m firstly (after 6 Sep 1369) JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange, son of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange & his wife Mary FitzAlan of the Earls of Arundel ([1352/53]-3 Aug 1375). m secondly (12 Jun 1376 or before) as his second wife, WILLIAM de Ufford Earl of Suffolk, son of ROBERT de Ufford Earl of Suffolk & his wife Margaret de Norwich ([1339]-15 Feb 1382, bur Campsey Priory).

10. [ELIZABETH de Beauchamp . According to the Complete Peerage, Thomas de Ufford "is said to have married Elizabeth, sister of [his brother] William's second wife Isabel"[1664]. m THOMAS de Ufford, son of ROBERT de Ufford Earl of Suffolk & his wife Margaret de Norwich (-before 4 Nov 1369).]

Chapter 9. BUCKINGHAM

Walter Giffard, whose father had been granted extensive estates in Buckinghamshire as a reward for his participation in the Norman conquest of 1066, was created Earl in [1097] by King William II. Although known contemporarily as Earl Giffard, he is commonly known to history as Earl of Buckingham. The title lapsed on the death of his son without issue in 1164. It was recreated in [1164] by King Henry II in favour of Richard de Clare "Strongbow" Earl of Pembroke (see PEMBROKE), who died in 1176. It was recreated again in 1377 in favour of Thomas "of Woodstock", son of King Edward III, but the title was forfeited following his attainder after he was murdered 8 Sep 1397. Humphrey Stafford Earl of Stafford, grandson of Thomas of Woodstock, was considered to have inherited the title on the death of his mother 16 Oct 1438, although this must be doubtful considering the 1397 attainder. This situation was regularised 14 Sep 1444 when the Earl of Stafford was created Duke of Buckingham, the title remaining in his family until the attainder in 1521 of Edward Duke of Buckingham, who was executed for high treason having incurred the enmity of Cardinal Wolsey.

A. EARLS of BUCKINGHAM [1097]-1164 (GIFFARD)

WALTER Giffard, son of GAUTHIER Giffard Seigneur de Longueville & his wife Ermengarde [Flaitel] (-in England 15 Jul 1102, bur Longueville, Normandy[1665]). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Galterium Giffardum primum” as father of “secundum Galterium Giffardum...”[1666]. He succeeded his father in his lands. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted "comitatum Buchingeham" to "Gualterio...cognomento Gifardo"[1667]. Domesday Book records “Walter Giffard” holding West Hanney in Wantage Hundred in Berkshire; Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire; numerous properties in Buckinghamshire; Oxfordshire; Bottisham, and land in Swaffham Bulbeck, Harlton, Barrington and Orwell, in Cambridgeshire; numerous properties in Norfolk[1668]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Aucensium comes et Gauterius Gifardus et Radulfus de Mortuomari” and nearly all the seigneurs who lived “trans Sequanam usque ad mare” joined King William II against his brother Robert Duke of Normandy and received considerable sums to fortify their castles, dated to [1089/90][1669]. He was created Earl of Buckingham [after 1093] by King William II, although known contemporarily as Earl Giffard[1670]. "…Walteri Giffardi…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[1671].

m AGNES de Ribemont, daughter of ANSELME [I] de Ribemont & his wife --- (-22 Dec ----). Orderic Vitalis names her as the sister of Anselme de Ribemont, and alleges that she fell in love with Robert III Duke of Normandy, whose wife was poisoned soon after[1672]. The necrology of Longueville records the death 22 Dec of “domina Agnete comitissa condam de Longa Villa...instauratrix et pro majori parte hædificatrix et dotatrix ecclesiæ nostræ”[1673].

Earl Walter & his wife had [three] children:

1. WALTER Giffard (-18 Sep 1164, bur Notley Abbey, Buckinghamshire). "Comes Galterus cognomento Gifardus" made a donation to the monks of Horsham dated [after 1107] with "mater eius Agnes"[1674]. He succeeded his father in 1102 as Earl of Buckingham (as a minor), although he too was known contemporarily as Earl Giffard. He fought at the battle of Brenneville in Normandy in 1119[1675]. "Walterus comes Gifardi" donated property to the abbey of St Ouen, Rouen for the soul of "William son of Osbern of Cailli" by charter dated to [1142/57], witnessed by "…Osbernus de Cailli, duo filii eius Rogerius et Osbernus"[1676]. "…Waltero Giffart comite de Longavilla…" witnessed the charter dated to [Sep 1151/Jan 1153] under which "Henricus dux Norm et comes Andeg" donated property to the abbey of Mortemer[1677]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1164 of "Walterius Giffar comes de Bochingeham" without heirs, and the return of his English earldom and his lands in Normandy to the crown[1678]. The necrology of Longueville records the death 18 Sep of “tercio domino comite Waltero Guiffardi fundatore et benefactore domus nostræ”[1679]. m ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. "Comitem Walterum Giffart" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport naming "comitisse Ermengardis sponse mee" by an undated charter[1680]. [The necrology of Longueville records the death 13 May of “domina Hermengauda comitissa condam hujus loci” and her confirmation of the donation made by “illos de Saukervilla” of “molendino de Longa Villa”[1681]. It is not certain whether this entry refers to the wife of Gauthier Giffard or to the wife of his grandson Walter Giffard.]

2. BEATRIX (-3 Sep ----). The necrology of Longueville records the death 3 Sep of “domina Beatrice sorore domini comitis Guiffardi”[1682].

3. [ISABELLE (-after 1130, bur Beaumont-en-Vexin). Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus de Candos” was castellan of Gisors, dated to 1123 from the context, and names “religiosa Ysabel uxor eius”[1683]. The Historia cœnobiii Mortui-Maris records that "Robertus de Candos, Gisortii castellanus et Isabella eius uxor, Walteri Giffardi Longævillæ comitis soror" built the monastery of "Bellomonte in Wilcassino Normannico" in 1130 and was buried there "cum quodam filiorum…primogenitus"[1684]. The identity of "Walteri Giffardi Longævillæ comitis" has not been established beyond doubt, so the parentage of Isabelle is not certain. From a chronologicial point of view, it appears unlikely that she was the sister of Walter Giffard who died in 1102, given that her husband was still recorded in 1153. It therefore appears more likely that Isabelle was the sister of Walter Giffard who died in 1164. Henri Duke of Normandy confirmed donations by "Robertus de Candos…Rogerus…de Candos…Walterus de Candos" to the priory of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine de Goldcliff, in confirmation of donations by "Robertus de Candos" during the reign of King Henry I for the soul of "uxoris sue Isabel et filiorum suorum" by charter dated [Jan/Aug] 1153[1685]. m (before 1123) ROBERT [II] de Chandos, son of ROBERT [I] de Chandos & his wife Isabel --- (-after Jan 1153, bur Beaumont-en-Vexin).]

B. DUKES of BUCKINGHAM 1444-1164 (STAFFORD)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

HUMPHREY Stafford, son of EDMUND Stafford Earl of Stafford & his wife Anne of Gloucester (1402-killed in battle Northampton 10 Jul 1460, bur Northampton, Grey Friars). He succeeded his father in 1403 as Earl of Stafford. He was Lieutenant-General in Normandy from 1430 to 1432 and was created Comte de Perche in 1431. The will of "Anne Countess of Stafford, Bockingh, Herford and Northampton, and Lady of Breknoc", dated 16 Oct 1438, required “my...sone Humfrey Erle of Stafford” to oversee execution of the will[1686]. On the death of his mother 16 Oct 1438, he appears to have been considered Earl of Buckingham, although this must have been of dubious validity in view of the attainder of maternal grandfather in 1397. He was created Duke of Buckingham 14 Sep 1444. He was a zealous supporter of the Lancastrians. The will of "Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham", dated 16 Aug 1460, donated property to “my college of Plecy in Essex...founded by Thomas of Woodstock late Duke of Gloucester my grandfather”, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...my daughter Margaret Countess of Richmond his wife”, appointed “my wife...my brother of Canterbury” as executors[1687].

m (before 18 Oct 1424) as her first husband, ANNE Neville, daughter of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (-20 Sep 1480, bur Pleshy, Essex). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johannam minorissam, Ricardum, Katherinam ducissam Norfolchie, Henricum mortuum, Thomam dominum de Seymour, Cuthbertum mortuum, Alienoram uxorem comitis Northumbrie, Robertum episcopum Dunelmie, Willelmum dominum de Fauconberge, Annam comitssam Staffordie, Johannem mortuum, Georgium dominum de Latymer, Ceciliam ducissam Eboraci, Edwardum dominum de Bergeny" as the children of "Radulphus dominus de Neuill et comes Westmorlandie" and his wife "Johanna filia Johannis ducis Lancastrie uxor secunda"[1688]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Joan, wife firstly of Ferrers Baron of Ousley, and secondly of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland" as daughter of "John Duke of Lancaster" and mother (by her second husband) of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…"[1689]. The will of "Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham", dated 16 Aug 1460, appointed “my wife...my brother of Canterbury” as executors[1690]. She married secondly (1467 before 25 Nov) Walter Blount Baron Mountjoy. The will of "Ann Dutchess of Bucks", proved 31 Oct 1480, chose burial “in the Collegiate Church of Plessy”, ordered masses for the soul of “my...husband Humphrey late Duke of Buckingham”, bequeathed property to “my daughter Beaumond...my son of Wiltshire...my daughter of Richmond...my daughter Mountjoy...my daughter Beaumond’s son Edward Knyvet”[1691].

Duke Humphrey & his wife had twelve children:

1. CATHERINE (-26 Dec 1476). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katharine Countess of Shrewsbury…" as daughter of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and mother of "George Earl of Shrewsbury that now is, Thomas Talbot"[1692]. The will of "Ann Vere widow", dated 12 Apr 1472, proved 2 May 1472, bequeathed property to “my brother Wiltshire...my sister Shrewsbury...my daughter Anne”[1693]. m ([1467]) JOHN Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, son of JOHN Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury & his wife Elizabeth Butler of Ormond (12 Dec 1448-Coventry 28 Jun 1473, bur Worksop Priory).

2. HUMPHREY (1428-[1459][1694]). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "…Humphrey Earl of Stafford…" as son of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and father of "Harry Duke of Buckingham"[1695]. He was styled Earl of Stafford. m (1444) as her first husband, MARGARET Beaufort, daughter of EDMUND Beaufort Duke of Somerset & his wife Margaret de Beauchamp of Warwick (-1474). She married secondly Richard Darell.

Earl Humphrey & his wife had two children:

a) HENRY (4 Sep 1455-executed Salisbury 2 Nov 1483). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "…Humphrey Earl of Stafford…" as son of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and father of "Harry Duke of Buckingham"[1696]. He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1460 as Duke of Buckingham.

- see below.

b) HUMPHREY (-young).

3. JOHN (-8 May 1473, bur [Pleshey, Essex]). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "…John Earl of Wiltshire…" as son of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and father of "Edward Earl of Wiltshire"[1697]. He was created Earl of Wiltshire in 1470. The will of "Ann Vere widow", dated 12 Apr 1472, proved 2 May 1472, bequeathed property to “my brother Wiltshire...my sister Shrewsbury...my daughter Anne”[1698]. m (Maxstoke Castle, Warwickshire 1458) CONSTANCE Green, daughter of HENRY Green of Drayton, Northamptonshire & his second wife Margaret Wittlebury née Roos of Gedney, Lincolnshire (-2 Mar 1475). Earl John & his wife had one child:

a) EDWARD (7 Apr 1470-Drayton, Northamptonshire 24 Mar 1499, bur Lowick, Northamptonshire). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "…John Earl of Wiltshire…" as son of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and father of "Edward Earl of Wiltshire"[1699]. He succeeded his father in 1473 as Earl of Wiltshire. The will of "Ann Dutchess of Bucks", proved 31 Oct 1480, bequeathed property to “my daughter Beaumond...my son of Wiltshire...my daughter of Richmond...my daughter Mountjoy...my daughter Beaumond’s son Edward Knyvet”[1700]. m (settlement 3 Jul 1494) MARGARET Grey, daughter of EDWARD Grey Viscount Lisle & his wife Elizabeth Talbot Baroness Lisle (-[8 Aug 1500/9 Sep 1504]).

4. HENRY (-4 Oct 1471). The will of "Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham", dated 16 Aug 1460, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...my daughter Margaret Countess of Richmond his wife”, appointed “my wife...my brother of Canterbury” as executors[1701]. m (before 1464) as her second husband, MARGARET Beaufort, widow of EDMUND Tudor, daughter of JOHN Beaufort Duke of Somerset & his wife Margaret de Beauchamp (Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire 31 May 1443-Abbot’s House, Cheyney Gates, Westminster Abbey 29 Jun 1509, bur Westminster Abbey). The will of "Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham", dated 16 Aug 1460, bequeathed property to “my son Henry...my daughter Margaret Countess of Richmond his wife”, appointed “my wife...my brother of Canterbury” as executors[1702]. She married thirdly as his second wife, Thomas Stanley Lord Stanley, later created Earl of Derby.

5. ANNE (-after 14 Apr 1472, bur Lingfield). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Anne marr. Aubrey Vere 1st husband, Thomas Cobham 2d husb" as daughter of "Anne Duchess of Buckingham", and mother (by her second husband) of "Anne wedded to Edw A’Borough"[1703]. The will of "Thomas Cobham of Starborough", dated 2 Apr 1471, proved 10 Jul 1471, bequeathed property to “Reginald my bastard son called Reginald Cobham...Ann Vere my...wife...my daughter Anne Cobham...Gervase Clifton uncle unto Reginald my bastard son”[1704]. The will of "Ann Vere widow", dated 12 Apr 1472, proved 2 May 1472, chose burial “in the college of Lingfield where the body of my...late husband resteth”, bequeathed property to “my brother Wiltshire...my sister Shrewsbury...my daughter Anne”[1705]. m firstly ([Apr 1460]) AUBREY de Vere, son of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Elizabeth Howard (-executed 20 Feb 1462, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars). m secondly THOMAS Cobham, son of REGINALD Cobham & his first wife Eleanor Colepeper (-1471, bur Lingfield).

6. EDWARD (-young).

7. RICHARD (-young).

8. JOAN (-after 31 Oct 1480). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Jane m 1 Lord Beaumont, m William Knyvett" as daughter of "Anne Duchess of Buckingham", and mother (by her second husband) of "Edward Knyvett, Charles"[1706]. The will of "Ann Dutchess of Bucks", proved 31 Oct 1480, bequeathed property to “my daughter Beaumond...my son of Wiltshire...my daughter of Richmond...my daughter Mountjoy...my daughter Beaumond’s son Edward Knyvet”[1707]. m firstly (before 4 Mar 1461, divorced 1477) as his first wife, WILLIAM Beaumont Lord Bardolf, son of JOHN Beaumont Viscount Beaumont & his wife Elizabeth Philip (Edenham, Lincolnshire 23 Apr 1438-19 Dec 1507). He succeeded his father in 1460 as Viscount Beaumont. m secondly ([1477]) as his third wife, WILLIAM Knyvett, son of --- (-1510).

9. ELIZABETH .

10. GEORGE (-young).

11. WILLIAM (-young).

12. MARGARET .

HENRY Stafford, son of HUMPHREY Stafford Lord Stafford & his wife Margaret Beaufort (posthumously 4 Sep 1455-executed Salisbury 2 Nov 1483). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "…Humphrey Earl of Stafford…" as son of "…Anne Duchess of Buckingham…", and father of "Harry Duke of Buckingham"[1708]. He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1460 as Duke of Buckingham. He was appointed Lord High Constable by King Richard III 15 Jul 1483, but plotted to place Henry Tudor Earl of Richmond on the throne and was beheaded (without legal trial and attainted[1709].

m (1466) as her first husband, KATHERINE Wydeville, daughter of RICHARD Wydeville Earl Rivers & his wife Jacqueline de Luxembourg (-before 1513). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katherine Duchess of Buckingham" as daughter of "Richard Earl Rivers" and mother of "Edward Duke of Buckingham"[1710]. The Annales of William Wyrcester record that “rex” married “Henricum ducem Bukes” to “sororem reginæ Elizabethæ” in 1466 to the secret displeasure of “comitis Warrwici”[1711]. She married secondly (before Nov 1485) Jasper Tudor Earl of Pembroke, and thirdly as his first wife, Richard Wingfield.

Duke Henry & his wife had five children:

1. ANNE (-after 1544, bur Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire). m firstly (1489) WALTER Herbert, son of --- (-16 Sep 1507). m secondly ([Dec] 1509) GEORGE Hastings Lord Hastings, son of EDWARD Hastings Lord Hastings & his wife Mary Baroness Botreaux, Baroness Hungerford and Baroness Moleyns (1488-24 Mar 1544, bur Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire). He was created Earl of Huntingdon in 1529.

2. EDWARD (Brecknock Castle 3 Feb 1478-executed Tower Hill 17 May 1521, bur London, Austin Friars). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katherine Duchess of Buckingham" as daughter of "Richard Earl Rivers" and mother of "Edward Duke of Buckingham"[1712]. He was restored to his father's honours by King Henry VII and succeeded as Duke of Buckingham in Nov 1485. He was accused of high treason, allegedly by claiming the English throne as the senior representative of the line of Thomas "of Woodstock", youngest son of King Edward III, but maybe due to the enmity of Cardinal Wolsey. He was found guilty, executed, and his honours forfeited on confirmation of his attainder 31 Jul 1523[1713]. According to the Complete Peerage, "in character he was vain, weak and excessively fond of dress"[1714]. m (contract 14 Dec 1490) ELEANOR Percy, daughter of HENRY Percy Earl of Northumberland & his wife Matilda Herbert of Pembroke (-13 Feb 1528, bur London, Greyfriars). Duke Edward & his wife had four children:

a) HENRY (Penshurst, Kent 18 Sep 1501-Caus Castle, Shropshire 30 Apr 1563, bur Worthen, Shropshire). He was declared Baron Stafford in 1547. m (marriage settlement 20 Oct 1518, [16 Feb 1519]) URSULA Pole, daughter of RICHARD Pole & his wife Margaret Plantagenet Ctss of Salisbury (-15 Aug 1570). They were ancestors of the later LORDS STAFFORD and EARLS of STAFFORD.

b) ELIZABETH ([1497]-Lambeth 30 Nov 1558, bur 7 Dec 1558 Lambeth). m (8 Jan 1513, separated Easter 1533) as his second wife, THOMAS Howard Lord Howard, son of THOMAS Howard Duke of Norfolk & his first wife Elizabeth Tilney (1473-Kenninghall, Norfolk 25 Aug 1554, bur 2 Oct 1554 Framlingham Abbey). He was created Earl of Surrey for life 1 Feb 1514. He succeeded his father in 1524 as Duke of Norfolk.

c) CATHERINE (-Holywell, Shoreditch 14 May 1555, bur Shoreditch St Leonard’s). m (before Jun 1520) RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland, son of RALPH Neville Lord Neville & his second wife Edith Sandys of Sherborne, Hampshire (21 Feb 1498-24 Apr 1549, bur Staindrop).

d) MARY . m ([Jun] 1519) as his third wife, GEORGE Neville Lord Bergavenny, son of GEORGE Neville Lord Bergavenny & his first wife Margaret Fenne of Sculton Burdeleys, Norfolk ([1468/69]-1535, bur Birling, Kent).

Duke Edward had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

e) daughter.

3. HENRY ([1479]-1523). m CECILY Bonville . Henry & his wife had one child:

a) MARGARET . m firstly WILLIAM Cheyne, son of ---. m secondly JOHN Bulmer, son of ---.

4. HUMPHREY (-young).

5. ELIZABETH (-[1 Jan 1530/11 May 1532], bur London St Lawrence Pountney, transferred to Boreham, Essex). m (after 23 Jul 1505) as his first wife, ROBERT Radcliffe, son of JOHN Radcliffe Lord FitzWalter & his wife Margaret [Whetehill of Calais] ([1483]-Chelsea 27 Nov 1542, bur London St Lawrence Pountney, transferred to Boreham, Essex). He was created Viscount FitzWalter in 1525, and Earl of Sussex in 1529.

Chapter 10. LEICESTER

King William I appointed Hugues de Grantmesnil as castellan of Leicester[1715], but this does not appear to have resulted in the creation of an earldom. King Henry I granted the town of Leicester to Robert de Beaumont, of the family of the comtes de Meulan in Normandy, but no record has been found of the creation of an earldom at that time although Robert’s son Robert is recorded as Earl of Leicester. Following the death in 1204 of Robert Earl of Leicester, his nephew Simon de Montfort, son of the deceased earl’s oldest sister Amice and leader of the Albigensian crusade in south-west France, was recognised in England as Earl of Leicester but passed little of his time in the country. The title was confirmed in 1239 to Simon’s younger son, Simon, the husband of Eleanor sister of King Henry III and who later led the revolt of the barons against the king in 1263. All his honours were forfeited when he was killed in battle at Evesham in 1265, at which time the earldom of Leicester was granted to Edmund “Crouchback”, younger son of the king, who was later created Earl of Lancaster. The earldoms of Leicester and Lancaster were held together by successive earls until the end of the 14th century (see LANCASTER).

A. EARLS of LEICESTER [1107]-1204 (BEAUMONT-le-ROGER)

ROBERT de Beaumont, son of ROGER de Vieilles Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger & his wife Adeline de Meulan ([1046]-5 Jun 1118, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre[1716]). He fought at the battle of Hastings in Oct 1066 and was rewarded by William I King of England with the grant of lands, mainly in Warwickshire and Leicestershire. He succeeded in 1081 as Comte de Meulan. He succeeded his father in [1090] as Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, de Vieilles et de Pont-Audemer. In [before 1094], he was imprisoned by Robert III Duke of Normandy after challenging the exchange of Ivry for Brionne agreed by his father, the Duke confiscating Brionne. He was released after the intervention of his father, and Brionne was restored to his father after being recaptured[1717]. He was granted the town of Leicester by Henry I King of England, and is thereby said to have become Earl of Leicester but there is no record of his having used this title[1718].

1. other children: see MEULAN.

2. ROBERT de Beaumont "le Bossu" (1104-[4/5] Apr 1168, bur Leicester Abbey). Twin with Waléran. He and his twin brother were brought up at the court of Henry I King of England[1719]. He succeeded his father in 1118 as Earl of Leicester. He supported King Stephen during the civil war with Empress Matilda. Henry Duke of Normandy restored property to "Rodberto filio comitis Legrec…Rodberti comitis" held by "patris sui…sicut comes Rodbertus de Mellend avus suus…Willelmus de Britolio", and granted him the property of "Willelmus de Pasci in Anglia et in Normannia" by charter dated to [Jan/Aug] 1153, witnessed by "…Guarino filio Geraldi, Henrico duo fratre…"[1720]. He became Steward of England and Normandy under King Henry II in 1154, and acted as Viceroy during the king's absence from England Dec 1158 to 25 Jan 1163 and again in 1165[1721]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1168 of "Robertus comes Leecestriæ"[1722]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Non Apr" of "Robertus comes Leecestrie"[1723]. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death of "Robertus comes Leicestrie", undated but among other deaths listed in early April[1724]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “pridie Non Apr...in die Sancti Ambrosii” of “Robertus comes Leyc fundator huius abbatie”, a later passage indicating that he was buried “in monasterio abbatie Leyc” which he had also founded[1725]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "5 Apr" of "Robertus comes Legrecestriæ"[1726]. m (after 25 Nov 1120) AMICE de Gaël, heiress of Breteuil, daughter of RAOUL Seigneur de Gaël et de Montfort & his wife --- (-31 Aug [1168 or after], bur Eton). She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and specifies that her marriage was arranged by Henry I King of England after she had been betrothed to his deceased son Richard[1727]. She is said to have become a nun at Nuneaton after her husband's death[1728]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Kal Sep" of "Amicia comitissa Leecestre"[1729]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “pridie Non Apr...in die Sancti Ambrosii” of “Robertus comes Leyc fundator huius abbatie”, and “die Sancti Egidii abbatis” of “Amicia uxor eiusdem Roberti” and her burial “in monasterio prioratus monialium de Etona”[1730]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "31 Aug" of "Robertus comes Leicestriæ, Amicia comitissa"[1731]. Earl Robert & his wife had four children:

a) ISABELLE de Beaumont (-after 1188). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Legecestriæ" but does not name her[1732]. "R. comes Legrecestrie" granted tithes to "Isabele comitisse de Norhamtone sororis mee" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[1733]. "I. comitissa Northamptonie" donated land at Groby to Nuneaton priory, for the souls of "patris mei et fratris mei R. comitis Legrecestrie" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[1734]. It is likely that Isabelle was the eldest child as she gave birth to her own first child in [1138]. Her second marriage is confirmed by charter dated 1187 under which “Gervasius Paganellus” donated property to Tykford Priory, with the consent of “uxoris meæ Isabellæ comitissæ de Norhamton”, which names “Fulcodius Paganellus avus meus et Radulfus Paganellus pater meus”, witnessed by “Simone comite Northamptoniæ, Isabella comitissa matre eius”[1735]. “G. Painel”, considering the proposal of “Radulfi Painel patris mei”, founded Dudley priory, for the salvation of “Isabellæ uxoris meæ et Roberti filii mei”, by undated charter (dated by Dugdale to "before 1161")[1736]. m firstly (before 1138) SIMON de Senlis, son of SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton & his wife Matilda [Matilda] of Huntingdon (-Aug 1153, bur St Andrew's Priory). He was restored as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton [before 1141]. m secondly GERVASE Paynell Baron of Dudley, Worcestershire, son of RALPH Paynell & his wife --- (-1194[1737]).

b) ROBERT de Beaumont "ès Blanchemains" (-Durazzo 1190). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1168 of "Robertus comes Leecestriæ" and the succession of "filium Robertum"[1738]. He succeeded his father in 1168 as Earl of Leicester.

- see below.

c) HAVISE de Beaumont (-24 Apr or 25 May 1197). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “comes Willielmus” married “Hawisia filia comitis Leicestriæ”[1739]. The Obituary of Lyre records the death 25 May of “Hawis comitissa Gloecestræ”[1740]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “VIII Kal Mai” in 1197 of “Hawisa comitissa Glocestriæ”[1741]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "25 May" of "Hawis comitissa Gloecestræ"[1742]. m ([1150]) WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester, son of ROBERT Fitzroy Earl of Gloucester & his wife Mabel [Matilda or Sibylle] FitzRobert (23 Nov [1112]-23 Nov 1183, bur Keynsham Abbey, Somerset),

d) MARGUERITE de Beaumont ([1125]-after 1185). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Radulfus de Toene" as "filia Roberti comitis Leccestriæ" but does not name her[1743]. The 1163/64 Pipe Roll records "Margareta uxor Rad de Toeni" making payment "de Suppl de Welcumesto" in Essex/Hertfordshire[1744]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records “Margareta de Tony…lx annorum” and her land “in Welcumestowe"[1745]. m (after 1155) RAOUL [V] de Tosny, son of ROGER [IV] Seigneur de Tosny & his wife Gertrude [Ida] de Hainaut (-1162).

ROBERT de Beaumont "ès Blanchemains", son of ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester & his wife Amicie de Gaël (-Acre or Durazzo 31 Aug 1190). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1168 of "Robertus comes Leecestriæ" and the succession of "filium Robertum"[1746]. He succeeded his father in 1168 as Earl of Leicester. “Robertus comes Legrec” confirmed property in Garendon and “in nemoribus meis de Sepehevid et de Disselai” to Garendon abbey by charter dated 1169, witnessed by “Petronilla comitissa, Willo filio meo...”[1747]. He supported Henry "the Young King" in his revolt against his father King Henry II in 1173. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1173 that “Henricus tertius Rex Anglie filius Henrici Regis Anglie” captured “patrem suum” with the help of “duobus comitibus Anglie...Hugone comite Cestrensi et Roberto comite Leicestrie”[1748]. King Henry II retaliated by confiscating Robert's English estates, burning Leicester 28 Jul 1173, and capturing Robert's fortress of Breteuil 25 Sep 1173. Robert was defeated by the king's forces at Fornham near Bury, Suffolk and was captured with his wife. He set out on Crusade in Dec 1190 but died on the return journey[1749]. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1190 of “Robertus comes Leicestriæ”[1750]. Matthew Paris records the death at Acre in 1191 of "comes Robertus Leycestrensis"[1751]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "31 Aug" of "Robertus comes Legrecestriæ, peregrinus Jerosolimis"[1752]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “eodem die” [indicating the same day as his mother] 1190 of “Robertus secundus comes Leyc filius et heres predicti Roberti et Amicie, in itinere versus Terram Sanctam”[1753].

m (before [1155/59]) PERNEL [Petronille], daughter GUILLAUME --- & his wife --- (-1 Apr 1212). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1168 of "Robertus comes Leecestriæ" and the succession of "filium Robertum" stating that the latter received "sua hereditatem de Gretemesnil" from his wife[1754]. "Robertus filius comitis Legrece" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "uxoris mee Petronille" by charter dated [1153/67][1755]. Pernel is named as great granddaughter of Hugues de Grantmesnil in the [1190/1204] charter of her son Robert FitzPernel to the abbey of St Evroul[1756]. Pernel names her father “Guillaume” in one of her charters for Notre-Dame-du-Bois de Saint-Evroult[1757]. The identity of her father is discussed in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY. Her father is named Hugh de Grantmesnil in an account of the foundation of Leicester Abbey, although the Complete Peerage casts doubt on the accuracy of this document as the same source gives details of properties she inherited from her supposed father which are incompatible with this parentage[1758]. Robert de Torigny records that her husband gained the Norman honour of Grantmesnil through his marriage[1759]. “Robertus comes Legrec” confirmed property in Garendon and “in nemoribus meis de Sepehevid et de Disselai” to Garendon abbey by charter dated 1169, witnessed by “Petronilla comitissa, Willo filio meo...”[1760]. "Petronilla comitissa Leircestrie" confirmed the exchange of land with Nuneaton priory made by "Robertus comes Leircestrie filius meus", who gave land in Belgrave in return for land in Dadlington which had been donated by "sponsus meus Robertus comes…cum filia mea pie memorie Hawis", by charter dated to after 1189[1761]. The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land from the king in Hertfordshire, dated to [1204/12]: "comitissa de Leicestria" held "Wares"[1762]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "1 Apr" of "Petronilla comitissa Leicestriæ"[1763]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "1 Apr" of "Petronilla comitissa Leycestriæ"[1764]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “Kal Apr” of “Petronilla de Grantamenile uxor ipsius Roberti secundi”[1765].

Earl Robert & his wife had seven children:

1. ROBERT de Breteuil "FitzPernel" (-[17/20/21] Oct 1204, bur Leicester Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1190 as Earl of Leicester, while accompanying Richard I King of England on Crusade and was invested as such at Messina in 1191[1766]. He defended the duchy of Normandy against Philippe II King of France during King Richard's imprisonment in Austria, was captured 15 Jun 1194 and remained a prisoner until early 1196[1767]. Steward of England. Robert son of Parnel, Earl of Leicester, donated property to the abbey of Lire for the soul of Loreta his wife, by charter dated to [1190/1204][1768]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1204 of "Robert comes Lerecestriæ"[1769]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "20 Oct" of "Robertus III comes Legrecestriæ"[1770]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “in crastino Sancti Luce Evangeliste” 1205 of “tertius Robertus comes Leyc, filius secundi Roberti” and his burial “in monasterio abbatie Leyc”[1771]. m LAURETTE de Briouse, daughter of WILLIAM de Briouse & his wife Mathilde de Saint-Valéry Dame de la Haye (-Hackington 4 Mar [1266 or after]). Robert son of Parnel, Earl of Leicester, donated property to the abbey of Lire for the soul of Loreta his wife, by charter dated to [1190/1204][1772]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 recording that "Willelmus de Brause" granted "manerium de Taustock" in Devon to "comiti Leycestrie in maritagium cum filia sua"[1773]. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Berkshire, dated 1219, which includes "Laurentia comitissa de Leicestria" holding land "in Hungerford…in hundredo de Launburn"[1774]. She became a recluse at Hackington, near Canterbury, before Feb 1221[1775]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "4 Mar" of "Laureta comitissa"[1776].

2. GUILLAUME de Breteuil (-[1189/90]). A history of the foundation of St Mary’s abbey, Leicester names “Robertum…Willielmum leprosum, secundum…et Galfridum” as the three sons of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”[1777]. He is named before his brother Robert in charters, the last dated in 1189 at Nuneaton[1778].

3. ROGER de Breteuil "FitzPernel" (-27 Jul, after [1198/1202]). A history of the foundation of St Mary’s abbey, Leicester names “Robertum…Willielmum leprosum, secundum…et Galfridum” as the three sons of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”, adding that Geoffrey was “episcopum sancti Andreæ in Scotia”[1779]. He was appointed Chancellor of Scotland by William "the Lion" King of Scotland. The Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie records that "Rogerius filius comitis Lecestrie" was consecrated bishop of St Andrew’s "dominica prima Quadregsimo" in 1198[1780], although this date appears late in light of the following charter. “Rogerius…electus ecclesie Beati Andree de Scotia" noted the peace agreement between "Robertus comes Lecestrie frater meus" and Philippe II King of France by charter dated Jan 1195 (maybe O.S.)[1781]. He witnessed the [1198/1202] charter of his brother Robert as bishop[1782]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “die Processi et Maximiani” of “Rogerus episcopus Sancti Andree filius Roberti secundi et frater tertii Roberti”[1783].

4. AMICE (-3 or 10 Sep 1215, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). A history of the foundation of St Mary’s abbey, Leicester names “Amiciam primogenitam…et Margaritam juniorem” as the two daughters of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”, adding that Amice married “domino Symoni de Monteforti”[1784]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore" but does not name her[1785]. "Simon de Monte Forti" donated money from "Rochefort" to Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, with the consent of "Amicia uxore mea", by charter dated to [1180][1786]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor", and a later donation by "Simon iste comes Ebroicensis et Mahaudis [presumably an error for Amicia] uxor eius"[1787]. She styled herself Ctss of Leicester after the death of her brother Robert. She surrendered Breteuil to Philippe II King of France in 1206 in return for other lands[1788]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the necrology of the Prieuré de Fontaines which shows that she had a daughter by her second husband when it records the death "23 Dec" of "domina Ameza…monacha, Willelmi de Barris et comitisse Montis Fortis filia"[1789]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "IV Id Sep" of "Amicia…comitissa Liecestrie et domina Montisfortis"[1790]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…comte Simon…et de sa femme la contesse Amicie…"[1791]. m firstly (before [1170]) SIMON [IV] de Montfort, son of SIMON [III] de Montfort Seigneur de Montfort et de Rochefort & his wife Mathilde --- (-before 13 Jan 1188, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). He succeeded his father in 1181 as Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. m secondly (before 13 Jan 1188) GUILLAUME [II] des Barres Comte de Rochefort, Seigneur d’Oissery et de la Ferté-Alais, son of GUILLAUME [I] des Barres Seigneur d’Oissery-les-Meaux et de Saint-Pathus[1792] & his first wife --- (-Fontaine-les-Nonnes 23 Mar 1234, bur Fontaine-les-Nonnes).

5. MARGARET ([before 1172][1793]-[12/15] Jan or 12 Feb 1235). A history of the foundation of St Mary’s abbey, Leicester names “Amiciam primogenitam…et Margaritam juniorem” as the two daughters of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”, adding that Margaret married “Sayero de Quincy”[1794]. "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "ecclesiam de Gasc" to Inchaffray Abbey, for the souls of "patris nostri bone memorie Roberti de Quency et…matris nostre Orable et…Roberti de Quency primogeniti nostri et…Margarete uxoris nostre" by charter dated to [1210/13][1795]. A charter of King Edward I confirmed donations to Garendon Abbey among which by “Margareta…comitissa Wyntoniæ, soror Roberti comitis Leycestriæ”[1796]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "12 Jan" of "Margarita comitissa Wintonyæ"[1797]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “XVIII Kal Feb” of “Margareta comitissa Wintonie et mater...Rogeri de Quyncy”[1798]. m (before 1190) SAHER [IV] de Quincy, son of ROBERT de Quincy & his first wife Orabilis --- (-Damietta 3 Nov 1219, bur Acre). He was created Earl of Winchester before 10 Feb 1207.

6. HAVISE . A charter dated to after 1189 confirmed the grant of land in Dadlington, Leicestershire to Nuneaton priory which had been made by "Robertus comes Legrecestrie filius Roberti comitis et Amicie comitisse" on giving "filia sua" to the priory, by "Robertus comes filius Roberti comitis et Petronelle comitsse"[1799]. "Petronilla comitissa Leircestrie" confirmed the exchange of land with Nuneaton priory made by "Robertus comes Leircestrie filius meus", who gave land in Belgrave in return for land in Dadlington which had been donated by "sponsus meus Robertus comes…cum filia mea pie memorie Hawis", by charter dated to after 1189[1800]. A nun at Nuneaton

7. PERNELLE (-20 Jul ----). The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "20 Jul" of "Petronilla filia comitis Leicestriæ"[1801].

B. EARL of LEICESTER 1239-1265 (MONTFORT)

SIMON de Montfort, son of SIMON [V] de Montfort Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence & his wife Alix de Montmorency ([1208/09]-killed in battle Evesham 4 Aug 1265, bur Evesham). The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1239 that "Simon de Montfort…fils de Simon comte de Montfort" fled to England, having become the enemy of the queen of France, where King Henry gave him the earldom of Leicester and his sister's hand in marriage[1802]. He was granted the inheritance of his paternal grandmother in England by Henry III King of England in Aug 1231[1803], and thereafter gradually established himself in a position of power in England, marrying the king's sister in 1238 and being installed as Earl of Leicester 11 Apr 1239. He was appointed vice-regent in Gascony in May 1248[1804]. Comte de Bigorre 1258: "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre" granted "totum comitatum Biguorre et Sanctum Chauzaium et Martham" to "domino Symoni de Monteforti comiti Lincestrie…avunculo nostro" by charter dated 22 Nov 1258[1805]. "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre et Jordanus eius frater" confirmed the grant of "totum comitatum Biguorre", which "dominus Gasto Bearnensis" had devastated and which they could not defend, to "domino Symoni…comiti Lincestrie" by charter dated 6 Aug 1261[1806]. "Symon de Monteforti comes Lincestrie" granted his proxy to administer the county of Bigorre to "dominum Philippum de Monteforti…consanguineum nostrum" by charter dated 9 Apr 1259[1807]. He led the barons in their uprising against the king in 1263, captured King Henry and his son Edward after the battle of Lewes 14 May 1264, and thereafter governed the country in the king's name. He summoned his own Parliament in 1265, but was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham, after which all his honours in England were forfeited. The testament of "Simon de Munfort cuens de Leycestre", dated 1 Jan 1259, nominates "la cuntesse ma fame" as his attorney and in case she is deceased "Henri mon fyuz"[1808].

m (King's Chapel, Westminster 7 Jan 1238) as her second husband, ELEANOR of England, widow of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke, daughter of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (1215-convent of the sisters of St Dominic, near Montargis 13 Apr 1275). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “XIX Kal Feb in parvula capella regis apud Westmonasterium” of “soror regis Angliæ uxor quondam junioris Marscalli” and “Symoni de Monteforti”[1809]. She is recorded as "Pembrocensis comitissa" (not named), sister of Isabella, by Matthew Paris[1810]. He names her as daughter of King John in a later passage which records her second marriage with "Simon de Monteforti", specifying that she was "relictam Willelmi Marescalli comitis de Penbrochia"[1811]. She became a nun after the death of her first husband, taking a vow of perpetual celibacy. This was not a canonical impediment to her second marriage, her second husband obtaining Papal absolution in Rome for the marriage[1812]. "Aliénor contesse de Lincestre" donated "la conté de Biguorre", transferred to "nostre seigneur Monsieur Symon de Montfort conte de Lincestrie" by "Monsieur Eschivat de Chabanes", to "Monsieur Henry…roy de Navarre et conte de Champaigne" by charter dated Oct 1265[1813]. She retired once more as a nun at Montargis (a cell of the Abbey of Fontevrault) after her second husband was killed[1814].

Earl Simon & his wife had six children:

1. HENRI de Montfort (Kenilworth 1238-killed in battle Evesham 4 Aug 1265). His birth "filius primogenitus" is recorded by Matthew Paris at Kenilworth, although he does not name him [1815]. The testament of "Simon de Munfort cuens de Leycestre", dated 1 Jan 1259, nominates "la cuntesse ma fame" as his attorney and in case she is deceased "Henri mon fyuz"[1816]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records that "Simon [et] son fils Henri" were killed in 1265, while "Gui l'autre fils dudit Simon" was wounded and captured[1817].

2. SIMON de Montfort (-near Siena 1271). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Simon de Monteforti junior, Petrus de eodem” were in Northampton when it was captured by the king in 1264[1818]. He was forced to leave England after the battle of Evesham in 1265 and went to Italy. William of Tyre (Continuator) names him as son of Simon de Montfort when recording that "sire Gui et sire Symon" murdered their cousin Henry of Cornwall at Viterbo in 1271[1819].

3. GUY de Montfort ([1240/45]-Sicily 1291). The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records that "Simon [et] son fils Henri" were killed in 1265, while "Gui l'autre fils dudit Simon" was wounded and captured[1820]. The Annals of Waverley name “dominus Gudo filius domini Symonnis de Monteforti…duo filii domini Petri de Monteforti…dominus Petrus et dominus Robertus de Munfort” were among those captured at the battle of Evesham in 1265[1821]. He was forced to leave England and went to Italy. William of Tyre (Continuator) names him son of Simon de Montfort when recording that "sire Gui et sire Symon" murdered their cousin Henry of Cornwall at Viterbo in 1271[1822]. Conte di Nola. The monk Conrad’s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Philippus de Monteforti" [presumably an error for "Guido"] was appointed "vicarius in Siciliam" by Charles I King of Sicily in 1265 and "regnavit in Insula annis XVII"[1823]. "Guido de Monteforte comes, regis Karoli vicarius in Tuscia generalis" issued charters dated 2 Jun 1270, 28 Jun 1270, 10 Jul 1270 relating to Volterra[1824]. He died in prison in Sicily[1825]. m (Viterbo 10 Aug 1270) as her first husband, MARGHERITA, daughter of ILDOBRANDINO Aldobrandeschi Rosso Conte di Anguillara & his wife --- (-Rome [1313]). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "Viterbii…die Sancti Laurentii" 10 Aug [1270] of "Guido de Monteforti" and "filiam et hæredem comitis Rubei"[1826]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that “Guidone [de Monteforti]” married “comite Rufo…filiam”[1827]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Guido de Monte forti...filius Simonis de Monte forti" married "comite Rubeo...filiam" when recording his father-in-law’s death in Tuscany in 1283[1828]. "Guido comes de Monteforte in Tuscia comes palatinus et vir Margarete nate qd. Ildebrandini Rubei comitis palatini" agreed to arbitration relating to a dispute involving "castri Montisgemoli" by charter dated 15 and 17 Jul 1285[1829]. "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1830]. She married secondly Nello di Margiante Pannocchieschi, and thirdly (1292) Orsello Orsini. Guy & his wife had two children:

a) ANASTASIA de Montfort ([1271/73]-1306). Zurita names “Anastasia” as the daughter of Guy de Montfort and his wife “Condesa Margarita...hija del Conde Ildebrandino”, adds that she married “Romano Urbino, sobrino del Cardenal Matheo Ruffo Ursino”, and that she was granted “el Condado...de Nola”[1831]. Ctss di Nola. m (6 Jun 1293) ROMANO Orsini Conte di Soana, son of GENTILE [II] Orsini Senator of Rome & his wife --- ([1268/70]-[1327]).

b) THOMASSE de Montfort . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m PIETRO Vico, son of ---.

4. AMAURY de Montfort (-after Feb 1301). The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that “Symon de Monteforti…mater eius cum duobus filiis suis Aumarico et Ricardo” fled to Wales in 1265[1832]. He was appointed canon and treasurer of York cathedral in 1265[1833]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "dominus Aymericus de Monteforte…cum sorore sua Alienora, Lewelino principi Walliæ maritanda" were captured when sailing to Wales in [1276][1834]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Almaricus clericus filius Simonis de Monteforti comitis Leycestriæ" was captured "per gentes regis Angliæ" with "sororem unicam" when travelling to Wales for her marriage to "principem Wallensium Loelinum" and imprisoned, dating the event to 1275 (although this is inconsistent with his sister’s marriage date as noted below)[1835].

5. RICHARD de Montfort (-after 1265). The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that “Symon de Monteforti…mater eius cum duobus filiis suis Aumarico et Ricardo” fled to Wales in 1265[1836].

6. ELEANOR de Montfort (1252-19 Jun 1282, bur Llanvaes, Anglesey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "dominus Aymericus de Monteforte…cum sorore sua Alienora, Lewelino principi Walliæ maritanda" were captured when sailing to Wales in [1276][1837]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Almaricus clericus filius Simonis de Monteforti comitis Leycestriæ" was captured "per gentes regis Angliæ" with "sororem unicam" when travelling to Wales for her marriage to "principem Wallensium Loelinum" and imprisoned, dating the event to 1275 (although this is inconsistent with his sister’s marriage date as noted below)[1838]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1277 of "Leuuelinus princeps Nortwalliæ" and "filiam comitis Symonis de Monte forti"[1839]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "apud Wignornam die Translationi S Eadwardi" 13 Oct [1278] of "Lewelinus princeps Walliæ" and "Alienoram filiam Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leycestriæ"[1840]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die SS Gervasii et Protasii" 19 Jun [1282] to "Alienor filia domini Symonis de Monte-forti quondam comitis Leicestriæ, nupta Lewelino principi Walliæ" giving birth to her daughter, and her burial "apud Landmairs in domo fratrum minorum"[1841]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Eleanor died in childbirth and buried in the chapter house of the barefooted friars at Llanvaes in Mona"[1842]. m (13 Oct 1278) LLYWELYN Prince of Wales, son of GRUFFYDD ap Llywelyn Lord of Lleyn & his wife Senena --- (-1282).

Chapter 11. GLOUCESTER

The lordship of Gloucester was held by Robert FitzHamon in the late 11th/early 12th centuries but no charter has been identified in which he is accorded the comital title. Robert de Caen, illegitimate son of King Henry I, was created Earl of Gloucester by his father in 1122. On the death of his son Earl William in 1183, the title passed to his youngest daughter Isabel, who was at that time betrothed to John, future King of England. She retained the title countess of Gloucester after the king divorced her in 1199, although at that time the king also granted to the title to her nephew Amaury [VI] de Montfort Comte d’Evreux. After the death of Isabel in 1217, the title passed to her sister Amice, whose son Gilbert de Clare Earl of Hertford was recognised as Earl of Gloucester in November 1217. During the minority of Gilbert, son of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester and Hertford who died in 1295, the title was held briefly his mother’s second husband Ralph de Monthermer but reverted to her son when she died in 1307. After the death without direct heirs of Earl Gilbert at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314, all his titles and honours reverted to the crown. The title was revived in 1337 in favour of Hugh Audley Lord Audley, the husband of the deceased earl’s sister Margaret, but became extinct when he died in 1347. After 1385, the earldom was elevated to a dukedom and from that time the title was one of those born by members of the royal family.

A. LORDS of GLOUCESTER

1. HAMON . No reference has yet been found to Hamon in his own capacity. There is no indication either of the date when Hamon died. m ---. The name of Hamon’s wife is not known. Hamon & his wife had [three] children:

a) ROBERT FitzHamon (-Newbury Mar 1107). Lord of Glamorgan. Lord of Gloucester. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that William II King of England granted the honor of Gloucester to ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”[1843]. "…Rodberti Haimonis filii…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[1844]. "…Robertus filius Hamonis et Hamon frater eius…" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jan 1103 which records an agreement between “Philippus de Braosa” and the abbey of Fécamp[1845]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “Marcii 1107” of ”Robertum filium Haymonis”[1846]. The Annals of Margan record that “Robertus filius Hamonis” died in 1107[1847]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Robert Fitzhamon died in his castle at Newbury, raving mad" in 1110[1848]. m as her first husband, SIBYLLE de Montgommery, daughter of ROGER de Montgommery, Vicomte d'Hiémois [later Earl of Shrewsbury] & his first wife Mabel d'Alençon. Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[1849]. Orderic Vitalis names “Emma sanctimonialis et Almaniscarum abbatissa, Mathildis comitissa uxor...Rodberti Moritoliensium comitis, Mabilia conjux Hugonis de Novo-Castello et Sibylia uxor Rodberti filii Haimonis” as the four daughters of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[1850], recording in a later passage the marriage of “Rodberto...Haimonis filio” and “Sibiliam Rogerii comitis filiam” (although a conclusion about the dating of the event cannot be drawn from the context of the wording)[1851]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia” married “Sibillam sororem Roberti de Belismo, comitis Salopiæ”[1852]. She married secondly Jean Sire de Raimes. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. Robert & his wife had four children:

i) MABEL [Matilda or Sibylle] (-[29 Sep] 1157). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, recording that Mabile married Robert Fitzroy[1853]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Henrici regis filius” married “Rodberto Haimonis filio...[et] Sibiliam Rogerii comitis filiam...filiam...Mathildem”[1854]. Robert of Torigny records that "filia Roberti Belismensis" was the mother of "Rogerius Wigornensis episcopus", son of "Robertus comes Gloecestrensis…filius primi Henrici regis Anglorum", clarifying that the bishop's grandfather was "Robertus filius Haimonis dominus de Torigneio"[1855]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Mabilia comitissa Gloucestriæ” died in 1157[1856]. m (before [1112]) ROBERT Fitzroy, illegitimate son of HENRY I King of England & his mistress --- ([1090]-Bristol 31 Oct 1147, bur Priory of St James, Bristol). He was created Earl of Gloucester in [Jun/Sep] 1122.

ii) HAWISE . The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, adding that Hawise became abbess of Winchester[1857].

iii) CECILE . The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, adding that Cecile became abbess of Shaftesbury[1858].

iv) AMICE . The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, adding that Amice married “comiti Brytanniæ”[1859]. The identity of Amice’s husband has not yet been established. m ---.

b) HAMON FitzHamon (-after 13 Jan 1103). "…Robertus filius Hamonis et Hamon frater eius…" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jan 1103 which records an agreement between “Philippus de Braosa” and the abbey of Fécamp[1860].

c) [JOHN FitzHamon . Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Johannes filius Hamundi" used to hold one and one half knights’ fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) now held by "Willelmus filius filii eius"[1861]. No proof has been found that John was the brother of Robert FitzHamon Lord of Gloucester. However, no other reference has been found to the name Hamon among the landholding nobility in England at the time.] m ---. The name of John’s wife is not known. John & his wife had one child:

i) son (-before 1166). m ---. One child:

(a) WILLIAM (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Johannes filius Hamundi" used to hold one and one half knights’ fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) now held by "Willelmus filius filii eius"[1862].

B. EARLS of GLOUCESTER 1122-1225

ROBERT de Caen, illegitimate son of HENRY I King of England & his mistress --- ([1090]-Bristol 31 Oct 1147, bur Priory of St James, Bristol). Also known as Robert FitzRoy. Orderic Vitalis records him as "Robert the king's son", and specifies that he led a force from the Cotentin in Sep 1123 to quell the rebellion led by Amaury de Montfort Comte d'Evreux and Waleran de Beaumont Comte de Meulan[1863]. According to the Gwentian Chronicle, Robert was the king’s son by "Nest, daughter of Rhys son of Tewdwr, who was afterwards the wife of Gerald of Pembroke Castle"[1864], but this appears unlikely from a chronological point of view. He was created Earl of Gloucester in [Jun/Sep] 1122. He had the custody of his uncle Robert ex-Duke of Normandy as a prisoner at Bristol in 1126. He did homage to King Stephen in 1136, but quarrelled with him in 1137, and his English and Welsh estates were forfeited. He joined forces with his half-sister "Empress" Matilda, landing in England with her in Sep 1139. He became her commander-in-chief in the civil war. After a series of successes against King Stephen’s forces, including the capture of the King at Lincoln in Feb 1141, he himself was captured at Stockbridge 14 Sep 1141 and imprisoned at Rochester. He was freed shortly after in exchange for the king[1865]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records the death of "comes…Glaorniæ" at Bristol, dated from the context to [1147][1866].

m (before [1112]) MABEL [Matilda or Sibylle] FitzRobert, daughter & heiress of ROBERT FitzHamon Lord of Glamorgan and Gloucester & his wife Sibylle de Montgomery (-[29 Sep] 1157). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, recording that Mabile married Robert Fitzroy[1867]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Henrici regis filius” married “Rodberto Haimonis filio...[et] Sibiliam Rogerii comitis filiam...filiam...Mathildem”[1868]. Robert of Torigny records that "filia Roberti Belismensis" was the mother of "Rogerius Wigornensis episcopus", son of "Robertus comes Gloecestrensis…filius primi Henrici regis Anglorum", clarifying that the bishop's grandfather was "Robertus filius Haimonis dominus de Torigneio"[1869]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Mabilia comitissa Gloucestriæ” died in 1157[1870].

Earl Robert & his wife had [seven] children:

1. WILLIAM FitzRobert (23 Nov [1112]-23 Nov 1183, bur Keynsham Abbey, Somerset). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “comes Willielmus filius et hæres eiusdem” succeeded on the death of Robert Earl of Gloucester[1871]. He succeeded his father in 1147 as Earl of Gloucester.

- see below.

2. ROGER FitzRobert (-Tours 9 Aug 1179, bur Tours). The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Rogerus filius comitis Gloecestriæ” was appointed Bishop of Worcester in Mar 1163, and consecrated “X Kal Sep” in 1164[1872]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1180 of "Rogerius Wigornensis episcopus" at "Turonis", specifying that his father was "Robertus comes Gloecestrensis…filius primi Henrici regis Anglorum" and his mother "filia Roberti Belismensis"[1873].

3. HAMON FitzRobert (-killed at the siege of Toulouse 1159). The Chronicle of Melrose records the death in 1159 at Toulouse of "Hamo the son of the earl of Gloucester, deceased"[1874].

4. PHILIP FitzRobert (-after 1147). The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Philippum filium Glaornensis comitis" was given command of Cricklade in succession to "Willelmus…de Dovre" but later joined King Stephen, dated from the context to [1147][1875]. He went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land[1876]. "Philippo quoque filio comitis Gloecestrie" is recorded as present in a letter from Hugues Archbishop of Rouen to Emma abbess of St Amand, in a charter dated 1147[1877].

5. MATILDA FitzRobert (-29 Jul 1190). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ"[1878]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Wadinton de feodo comitis Cestrie” held by “Matillis comitissa Cestrie…filia Roberti comitis Gloecestrie, filii regis Henrici primi”[1879]. It was alleged that she and William Peverell of Nottingham poisoned her husband[1880]. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[1881]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “IV Kal Aug” in 1190 of “Matildis comitissa Cestria”[1882]. m ([1141]) RANULF “de Gernon” Earl of Chester, son of RANULPH “le Meschin” Vicomte de Bayeux & his wife Lucy --- (Château de Gernon, Normandy before 1100-[murdered] 16 Dec 1153, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburg).

6. MABEL FitzRobert. "Mabira daughter of Earl Robert, mother of Jordan de Campo Ernulfi and lady of Maisoncelles [Mansum cellarum]" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Etienne, Plessis-Grimoud by charter dated [1170][1883]. [1884][m AUBREY de Vere].

7. RICHARD FitzRobert ([1120/35]-1175). His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which his son "Roger de Croylet, fils de Richard fils du comte de Gloucester" donated property to the abbey of Ardennes, Calvados[1885]. He succeeded his mother as Seigneur de Creully.

- SEIGNEURS de CREULLY.

Earl Robert had [four] [illegitimate] children:

8. RICHARD (-3 Apr 1142). Orderic Vitalis names Richard as son of "the king's son Robert", and records that he was appointed Bishop of Bayeux in 1135[1886], having obtained the Pope's dispensation to hold religious office despite his illegitimate birth[1887]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records the death of "Roberti Glaornensis comitis filius", dated from the context to [1142][1888]. The son in question is not named and it is not certain that this entry refers to Richard.

9. ROBERT FitzRobert (-1170). The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Rob. fil. Com. Gloecestr." in Somerset[1889]. Named in charters in [1160], and addressed as Castellan of Gloucester[1890]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1170 of "Roberto filio Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ"[1891]. [1892]m ([1147]) HAWISE de Reviers, daughter of BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon & his first wife Adelisa --- (-[1215]). The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Agnes uxor Roberti f comitis de Gloecr" in Lincolnshire[1893]. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) [1894]MABEL . m firstly JORDAN de Chambernon, son of ---. m secondly WILLIAM de Soliers, son of ---.

10. MABEL . She is referred to as Earl Robert's illegitimate daughter in Domesday Descendants[1895]. It is not known whether she is the same person as Mabel who is shown above as Earl Robert's legitimate daughter. m GRIFFITH ap IVOR Bach .

11. [--- . It is not known whether the parent of Thomas was one of the other illegitimate children of Robert Earl of Gloucester who are named above. According to Domesday Descendants, Thomas was nephew of Earl William’s father Robert, citing a charter of the Earldom of Gloucester (not yet consulted)[1896]. m ---.] One child:

a) THOMAS (-after 1176). The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Tomas nepos comitis Gloecestr et Ricardus filius eius" in Dorset and Somerset[1897]. m ---. The name of Thomas’s wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

i) RICHARD . The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Tomas nepos comitis Gloecestr et Ricardus filius eius" in Dorset and Somerset[1898].

WILLIAM FitzRobert, son of ROBERT Fitzroy Earl of Gloucester & his wife Mabel [Matilda or Sibylle] FitzRobert (23 Nov [1112]-23 Nov 1183, bur Keynsham Abbey, Somerset). His birth date is confirmed by the Annals of Waverley which record the death “in nocte Sancti Clementis” in 1183 of “Willelmus comes Glocestriæ”, specifying that it was the same day he was born[1899]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “comes Willielmus filius et hæres eiusdem” succeeded on the death of Robert Earl of Gloucester[1900]. He witnessed an agreement in 1128. He was imprisoned with his father at Rochester in Oct 1141 by the forces of King Stephen. Governor of Wareham 1144, during his father’s absence in Normandy. He succeeded his father in 1147 as Earl of Gloucester. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Willelmus filius suus…senior…ætate" succeeded as Earl of Gloucester on the death of his father, dated from the context to [1147][1901]. The Annals of Margan record that “comes Gloucestriæ Willelmus…et comitissa Hawysia” were captured “in castello Cardiviæ” by the Welsh in 1158[1902]. “Willielmus comes Glouc.” donated “ecclesia de Eltham” to Rochester, for the souls of “Roberti filii mei...Hawyse comitisse uxoris mee et liberorum...meorum”, by undated charter, confirmed by charter dated 8 Dec 1314[1903]. On his death, King Henry II took the honour of Gloucester and the Earldom into his own hands[1904]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1183 of "Guillermus comes Gloecestriæ" leaving three daughters as his heirs[1905]. The Annals of Margan record the death “IX Kal Dec” in 1183 of “Willelmus comes Gloucestriæ”[1906]. The Obituary of Lyre records the death 23 Nov of “Willelmus comes Glocestriæ”[1907]. The Annals of Waverley record the death “in nocte Sancti Clementis” in 1183 of “Willelmus comes Glocestriæ”, specifying that it was the same day he was born[1908]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death in 1183 of “comes Willielmus Gloucestriæ” and his burial “apud Kenisham”[1909]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "23 Nov" of "Willelmus comes Glocestriæ"[1910].

m ([1150]) HAVISE de Beaumont, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont[-le-Roger] Earl of Leicester & his wife Amice de Gaël et de Montfort ([after 1120]-24 Apr or 25 May 1197). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “comes Willielmus” married “Hawisia filia comitis Leicestriæ”[1911]. The Annals of Margan record that “comes Gloucestriæ Willelmus…et comitissa Hawysia” were captured “in castello Cardiviæ” by the Welsh in 1158[1912]. “Willielmus comes Glouc.” donated “ecclesia de Eltham” to Rochester, for the souls of “Roberti filii mei...Hawyse comitisse uxoris mee et liberorum...meorum”, by undated charter, confirmed by charter dated 8 Dec 1314[1913]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "25 May" of "Hawis comitissa Gloecestræ"[1914]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “VIII Kal Mai” in 1197 of “Hawisa comitissa Glocestriæ”[1915].

Earl William & his wife had four children:

1. ROBERT (Cardiff [1150]-Cardiff 1166, bur Keynsham Abbey, Somerset). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Robertum” as son of “comes Willielmus” and his wife, adding that he predeceased his father and was buried “apud Keynesham”, and in a later passage that he was born in Cardiff where he also died in 1166[1916]. He witnessed a charter in 1155 with his parents[1917]. Leland quotes a manuscript which records the death in 1166 of "Robertus filius Gul comitis Glocestriæ"[1918]. “Willielmus comes Glouc.” donated “ecclesia de Eltham” to Rochester, for the souls of “Roberti filii mei...Hawyse comitisse uxoris mee et liberorum...meorum”, by undated charter, confirmed by charter dated 8 Dec 1314[1919]. The position of the name of Robert in the list of those for whose souls the donation was made suggests that it was dated shortly after Robert’s death.

2. MABEL (-1198). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[1920]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife[1921]. Benedict of Peterborough records "uxori Amauri comitis Ebroicanum" as "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis"[1922]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1170 of "primogenitam filiam Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ" and "Amauricus primogenitus filius Symonis comitis Ebroicensis"[1923]. In another passage, Robert of Torigny records the death in 1183 of "Guillermus comes Gloecestriæ" leaving three daughters as his heirs, of whom one (mentioned first) was "comitissa Ebroicensis"[1924]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1198 of “Mabilia comitissa Ebroici”[1925]. m ([1170]) AMAURY [V] de Montfort Comte d'Evreux, son of SIMON [III] de Montfort Comte d’Evreux & his wife Mathilde --- (-13 Mar 1182). Their son Amaury [VI] de Montfort Comte d'Evreux was created Earl of Gloucester in 1199, after King John divorced his wife Isabel Ctss of Gloucester who was Amaury’s maternal aunt (see below).

3. AMICE (-1 Jan 1225). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[1926]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife, adding that Amice married “domino Richardo de Clare comiti de Hertford”[1927]. Benedict of Peterborough records "uxori comitis de Clara" as "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis"[1928]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1173 of "Rogerius comes de Clara" and the succession of "Ricardus filius eius", recording that the latter was married to "filiam Guillermi comitis Gloecestriæ"[1929]. In another passage, Robert of Torigny records the death in 1183 of "Guillermus comes Gloecestriæ" leaving three daughters as his heirs, of whom one (mentioned second) was "uxor Guillermi comitis de Clara"[1930]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She was recognised as Ctss of Gloucester in her own right after [1210], following the death of her nephew Amaury VI de Montfort Comte d’Evreux, although this was subject to the continuing rights of Amice's sister Isabel who was also recognised as Ctss of Gloucester. On the death of Ctss Isabel in 1217, Amice was recognised as undisputed Ctss of Gloucester. m ([1180], separated before 1200) RICHARD de Clare Earl of Hertford, son of ROGER de Clare Earl of Hertford and Earl of Clare & his wife Matilda de Saint-Hilaire (-[30 Oct/28 Nov] 1217). He sided with the Barons against King John, and played a leading part in the negotiations for Magna Carta.

4. ISABEL [Avise] ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[1931]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife, adding that Isabel married “Henricus rex…Johanni filio suo”[1932]. Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal in 1176 of "Johannem filium regis minimum" and "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis" and the agreement whereby John would inherit the county of Gloucester[1933]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who specifies that it took place despite the prohibition of Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury on the grounds of consanguinity, although he does not name her[1934]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records that "comes Johannes frater eius [rege Ricardo]" married "filiam comitis Glocestriæ"[1935]. She was recognised as Ctss of Gloucester in her own right from her marriage in [1189]. Matthew Paris records that the king divorced "uxorem suam Hawisam comitis Gloverniæ filiæ" [in 1200 from the context] because “affines erant in tertio gradu consanguinitatis”[1936]. The Annales Londonienses record the divorce in 1200 of King John and "Hawysiam filiam comitis Gloverniæ", stating that they were "in tertio gradu consanguinitatis"[1937]. King John appears to have kept her as a state prisoner after their divorce, but retained her title even after her nephew Amaury de Montfort was installed as Earl of Gloucester in 1199[1938]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiæ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliæ”[1939]. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ”[1940]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriæ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[1941]. m firstly (Betrothed 1176, Marlborough 29 Aug 1189, divorced before 30 Aug 1199) as his first wife, JOHN Prince of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore Ctss d’Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral). He succeeded his brother Richard I in 1199 as JOHN King of England. m secondly ([16/26] Jan 1214) as his second wife, GEOFFREY de Mandeville Earl of Essex, son of GEOFFREY FitzPiers Earl of Essex & his first wife Beatrice de Say (-London 23 Feb 1216, bur Trinity Prior within Aldgate). He became Earl of Gloucester on his marriage, by right of his wife. He was mortally wounded at a tournament in London[1942]. m thirdly ([Sep] 1217) as his second wife, HUBERT de Burgh, son of --- & his wife Alice (-Banstead, Surrey 12 May 1243, bur Church of the Black Friars, Holborn). Chamberlain of King John [1198]-1205. He was granted the lands of Ctss Isabel 13 Aug 1217. One of the chief advisers to King Henry III in the early years of his reign. Created Earl of Kent 19 Feb 1227. No issue.

C. EARLS of GLOUCESTER 1217-1314 (CLARE)

GILBERT de Clare, son of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Hertford & his wife Amice of Gloucester ([1180]-Penros, Brittany 25 Oct 1230, bur Tewkesbury). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Gilberto” as son of “Amiciam, Ricardo de Clare nuptam” and his succession as Earl of Gloucester[1943]. He succeeded his father in 1217 as Earl of Hertford. He was recognised as Earl of Gloucester in Nov 1217 soon after the death of his maternal aunt Isabel Ctss of Gloucester. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1230 of "Gilbertus comes Gloverniæ"[1944]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1230 of "Gilbertus de Clare comes Gloucestriæ"[1945]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes Gloucestriæ” died in 1230[1946]. He died while returning from an expedition to Brittany[1947]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “apud Penros in minori Brytannia” in 1230 of “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his burial “in ecclesia nostra de Tewkes”[1948]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “in nocte Sanctorum Crispini et Crispiniani apud Penros in Britannia” of “Gilbertus de Clare comes Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ” and his burial in “ecclesiæ beatæ Mariæ Theokesberiæ”[1949]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1230 of “Gilbertus comes Gloucestriæ”[1950].

m (9 Oct 1214 or 1217) as her first husband, ISABEL Marshal, daughter of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel de Clare (Pembroke Castle 9 Oct 1200-Berkhamstead Castle, Hertfordshire 15 or 17 Jan 1240, bur Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”[1951]. The same source records in a later passage that "tertia filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Isabella" married "domino Gilberto de Clare comiti Gloverniæ"[1952]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”[1953]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “die sancti Dionisii” in 1214 of “Isabel filia W Marescalli” and “comiti Glocestriæ et Herefordiæ Gileberto de Clare”[1954]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who names her "Ysabellam comitissam Gloverniæ" sister of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke[1955]. She married secondly (Fawley, Buckinghamshire 30 Mar 1231) Richard Earl of Cornwall. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “III Kal Apr…apud Falle juxta Merlawe” in 1231 of “Ysabel comitissa Gloucestriæ” and “Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ, fratri Henrici regis Angliæ”[1956]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus comes Cornubiæ" and "Isabellam cometissam Gloucestriæ"[1957]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus frater regis" and "Isabellam comitissam Gloverniæ, relictam Gileberti de Clare"[1958]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1240 of "comitissa Gloverniæ uxor comitis Ricardi" in childbirth[1959]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “XVI Kal Feb…apud Berkhamstede” in 1239 of “Isabella comitissa Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ, Cornubiæ et Pictaviæ” and her burial “apud Bellum Locum Cisterciensis ordinis”[1960]. Matthew Paris records that she died of jaundice contracted in childbirth[1961].

Earl Gilbert & his wife had six children:

1. AMICE de Clare (27 May 1220-27 Nov, before 21 Jan 1284). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth in 1220 of “filiam Amiciam” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”[1962]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “VI Kal Jun” in 1220 of “Giliberto de Clare comiti Gloucestriæ filia…Amicia”[1963]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Ford Abbey records that “Baldwinum quartum” married “Amiciam filiam Gilberti de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ”[1964]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in 1226 of “Amicia filia Gileberti comitis Glocestriæ” and “Baldwino de Ripariis comiti de Wicht”[1965]. "G. de Clare earl of Gloucester" made a fine for the marriage of "his first-born daughter to Baldwin, son of Baldwin de Redvers, son of William de Redvers earl of Devon", dated to [29 Oct] 1226[1966]. She is named as wife of Baldwin by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was stepdaughter of Richard Earl of Cornwall and names her mother[1967]. Henry III King of England confirmed the betrothal of "Gilebertus de Clare comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie…filia sua" and "Baldewino filio Baldewini de Riveres filii Willelmi de Riveres comitis Devonie" dated 29 Oct 1226[1968]. The primary source which confirms her possible second marriage has not yet been identified. The necrology of the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Amitia comitissa Devonie"[1969]. m [firstly] (Betrothed 29 Oct 1226) BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon, son of BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon & his wife Margaret FitzWarin ([1216/17]-15 Feb 1245, bur Breamore Priory, Hampshire). [m secondly (after 10 Jan 1248) ROBERT de Guines, son of ARNOUL [II] Comte de Guines & his wife Beatrix de Bourbourg (-after 17 Mar 1261).]

2. RICHARD de Clare (4 Aug 1222-Ashenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury 15 Jul 1262, bur Tonbridge, transferred 28 Jul 1262 to Tewkesbury). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “II Non Aug” in 1222 of “Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ…filium…Ricardus”[1970]. He succeeded his father in 1230 as Earl of Hertford and Earl of Gloucester.

- see below.

3. AGNES . The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the births of “duas filias, Agnetam et Isabellam” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”, after the birth of their older brothers[1971].

4. ISABEL de Clare (2 Nov 1226-after 10 Jul 1264). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the births of “duas filias, Agnetam et Isabellam” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”, after the birth of their older brothers[1972]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “IV Non Nov” in 1226 of “Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ…filia Ysabel”[1973]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in May 1240 of “Isabella filia G. quondam comitis Gloucestriæ” and “Roberto de Brus”[1974]. A charter dated 18 Jun 1240 records that "the town of Rip" was given "as a marriage portion to Robert de Brus with Isabel, daughter of the earl of Gloucerster…the earl’s [G. Marshal Earl of Pembroke] niece"[1975]. m (May 1240) as his first wife, ROBERT de Brus, son of ROBERT de Brus "the Noble" Lord of Annandale & his wife Isabel of Huntingdon (-Lochmaben Castle 31 Mar 1295, bur 17 Apr Guisborough Priory). He succeeded his father in 1245 as Lord of Annandale.

5. WILLIAM de Clare (18 May 1228-[23] Jul 1258, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the births of “duos filios…Willielmum et Gilbertum” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”, after the birth of their older brother[1976]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “XV Kal Jun” in 1228 of “Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ…filius…Willelmus”[1977]. His death is recorded by Matthew Paris, reporting the grief of his brother the Earl of Gloucester[1978]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Willelmus de Clare frater Ricardi de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ et Herteford” was poisoned “X Kal Aug…apud Wyntoniam”, died “apud Reþeresford” and was buried “apud Theokesberiam juxta patrem suum”[1979].

6. GILBERT de Clare (12 Sep 1229-after 1244). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the births of “duos filios…Willielmum et Gilbertum” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”, after the birth of their older brother[1980]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “II Id Sep die sancti Leonardi” in 1229 of “Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ filius…Gilebertus”[1981]. Priest.

RICHARD de Clare, son of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (4 Aug 1222-Ashenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury 15 Jul 1262, bur Tonbridge, transferred 28 Jul 1262 to Tewkesbury). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “II Non Aug” in 1222 of “Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ…filium…Ricardus”[1982]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth in 1222 of “filium Ricardum” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”[1983]. He succeeded his father in 1230 as Earl of Hertford and Earl of Gloucester. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1262 of "Ricardus de Clare comes Gloucestriæ"[1984]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “14 Jul 1262…apud Esmerfelde” of “Ricardus de Clare comes Glowcestriæ et Hertfordiæ” and his burial “apud Theokes, in dextera patris sui”[1985]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Ricardus de Clara comes de Glovernia” died in 1262 “per maleficium, ad mensam Petri de Sabaudia avunculi reginæ”[1986]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Ricardus de Clara comes Gloverniæ et Hertfordiæ” died “Id Jul” in 1262 and was buried “apud Theokesberiam V Kal Aug”[1987]. The Annals of Burton record the death “Id Jul apud unum de maneriis suis juxta Cantuarium” in 1262 of “Ricardus de Clare comes Gloverniæ et Hertfordiæ” and his burial “apud Teukesbury”[1988].

m firstly (secretly 1237, divorced) MARGARET de Burgh, daughter of HUBERT de Burgh Earl of Kent & his third wife Margaret of Scotland (1223-Nov 1237). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1237 of "Ricardus heres comitatus Gloverniæ" and "Margaretam filiam Huberti de Burgo comitis Cantiæ" and their divorce immediately afterwards as the marriage had been arranged without the approval of the king[1989]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Nov 1237 of “Margareta filia Huberti de Burgo”[1990].

m secondly (25 Jan 1238 or before) MATILDA de Lacy, daughter of JOHN de Lacy Earl of Lincoln & his second wife Margaret de Quincy (-[1287/10 Mar 1289]). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus de Clare" married "M filiam J de Laci comitis Lincolniæ" in 1238[1991]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Purificationem beatæ Virginis” of “filia comitis Lincolniæ” and “Ricardo de Clare”[1992]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1238 of "Ricardum de Clare filium comitis Gloverniæ" and "Matildæ filiæ comitis Lincolniæ"[1993]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[1994]. "Matilda de Clare countess of Gloucester and Hertford" donated the manor of Sydinghow to the priory of Legh, Devonshire, for the soul of "Richard formerly her husband, earl of Gloucester and Hertford", by charter dated to [1280][1995].

Earl Richard & his second wife had seven children:

1. ISABEL (1240-murdered before 1271). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth in May 1240 of “filia…Isabel” to “Ricardo de Clare”[1996]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[1997]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in Jun 1258 “apud Leouns” of “Isabel filia Ricardi de Clare primogenita” and “domino Marchio de Ponte Ferato”, recording that “Willelmus de Bekeford monachus Theokesberiæ” went with her[1998]. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" married "filiam regis Angliæ" and that he killed her "et dicitur sine caussa ex sola et levi suspicione"[1999]. m (Lyon Jun 1258) as his second wife, GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato, son of BONIFAZIO II Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Marguerite de Savoie (-in prison Alessandria 8 Feb 1292).

2. GILBERT de Clare (Christchurch, Hampshire 2 Sep 1243-Monmouth Castle 7 Dec 1295, bur 22 Dec 1295 Tewkesbury). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “in crastino Sancti Egidii apud Christi ecclesiam in Dorsetia” in 1243 of “filius…G.” to “R. de Clara”[2000]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Gilbertum secundum…dictus…Rubeus Comes” as son of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2001]. He succeeded his father in 1262 as Earl of Hertford and Earl of Gloucester "the Red Earl".

- see below.

3. THOMAS de Clare (-29 Aug 1287). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Thomam et Benedictum” as the two younger sons of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2002]. The Annales Londonienses name "Thomam de Clare…comes Gloverniæ…fratrem suum" when recording his dispute with "filios comitis Leicestriæ" in 1265[2003]. James Grace’s Annales Hiberniæ (probably dated to [1537/39]) record in 1274 that “Thomas Clare in Hyberniam venit”[2004]. The Annals of the Four Masters record in 1277 that “Brian Roe O’Brien Lord of Thomond was treacherously taken by the son of the Earl of Clare...”[2005]. Lord of Thomond, Connaught. Chancellor of Ireland. James Grace’s Annales Hiberniæ (probably dated to [1537/39]) record in 1286 the death of “Thomas Clarus”[2006]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the death “in partibus Hiberniæ circa Purificationem” in 1287 of “Thomas de Clara”[2007]. The date of his death is corrected by a writ dated 6 Jul "29 Edw I", which records proof of age taken of [his son] "Gilbert son and heir of Thomas de Clare", a witness stating that Thomas died on "the feast of the Decollation of St John the Baptist 15 Edw I”[2008]. Inquisitions taken Oct "15 Edw I", following the death of "Thomas de Clare", records property held by "Maurice son of Maurice”[2009]. m ([1274/18 Feb 1275]) as her first husband, JULIANA Fitzmaurice, daughter of MAURICE FitzMaurice & his first wife Matilda de Prendergast. Her parentage and two marriages are confirmed by documents attached to a writ dated 28 Jul 1292, relating to claims made by "Thomas de Clare and Maurice Fitz Maurice" against "the vill of Youghal", which include (1) an agreement dated 18 Feb 1275 relating to lands granted by Thomas to Maurice, remainder to Thomas and “the heirs of his body begotten of Juliana his wife”, (2) a writ dated 6 Apr 1292 recording that “Adam de Cretinge and Juliana his wife” had shown that “Maurice Fitz Maurice” had “enfeoffed Thomas the Clare formerly Juliana’s husband and Juliana herself” of certain property, and (3) an inquisition taken 12 Aug 1292 which found that “Thomas de Clare and Juliana his wife were jointly enfeoffed by Maurice Fitz Maurice, Juliana’s father”[2010]. She married secondly (before 6 Apr 1292) Adam de Creting. Thomas & his wife had four children:

a) MARGARET de Clare (-late 1333). The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified. Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", name "Margaret the wife of Bartholomew de Badelesmere and Maud the wife of Robert de Welle, aunts of the said Thomas and sisters of the said Richard are his next heirs and aged 30 or more”[2011]. King Edward III ordered the restoration of her lands to “Margaretæ quæ fuit uxor Bartholomæi de Badelesmere” by charter dated 22 Feb 1327[2012]. m firstly (1289) GILBERT de Umfraville, son of GILBERT de Umfraville Earl of Angus & his wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan (-before 23 May 1303). m secondly (before 30 Jun 1308) BARTHOLOMEW de Badlesmere of Badlesmere and Chilham Castle, Kent, son of GUNCELIN Badlesmere & his wife Joan FitzBernard of Kingsdown, Kent (-1322). He was summoned to Parliament in 1309 whereby he is deemed to have become Lord Badlesmere.

b) GILBERT de Clare (Limerick 3 Feb 1281-1308). Lord of Thomond. A writ dated 6 Jul "29 Edw I" records proof of age taken of "Gilbert son and heir of Thomas de Clare", a witness stating that he was born "at Lymerick and baptised...there...on the morrow of the Purification 9 Edw I and was 21 on the morrow of the same feast last”[2013]. m ISABELLA, daughter of --- (-1322). Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", record land in Ireland "Corkemoid [alias Corkemoyth]...whereof Isabel late the wife of Gilbert de Clare is dowered”[2014].

c) RICHARD de Clare (after 1281-1318). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Lord of Thomond. m JOANNA, daughter of --- (-1322). Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", record land in Ireland "Coulirthir...held in dower by Joan late the wife of Richard de Clare”[2015]. Richard & his wife had one child:

i) THOMAS de Clare (-before 10 Apr 1321). Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", name "Margaret the wife of Bartholomew de Badelesmere and Maud the wife of Robert de Welle, aunts of the said Thomas and sisters of the said Richard are his next heirs and aged 30 or more”[2016].

d) MATILDA de Clare (-[4 Mar/24 May] 1327). The Annals of Worcester record the marriage 12 Nov 1295 of “Robertus de Clifford” and “filiam Thomæ de Clara neptem comitis Geleberti”[2017]. Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", name "Margaret the wife of Bartholomew de Badelesmere and Maud the wife of Robert de Welle, aunts of the said Thomas and sisters of the said Richard are his next heirs and aged 30 or more”[2018]. m firstly (12 Nov 1295) ROBERT [I] de Clifford Lord Clifford, son of ROGER [III] de Clifford & his wife Isabel de Vipont (-killed in battle Bannockburn 24 Jun 1314). m secondly (before 16 Dec 1315) ROBERT de Welle Lord Welle, son of --- (-Aug 1320).

Thomas had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

e) RICHARD ([1285/86]-[after 13 Mar 1331]). Pope Clement V issued a dispensation dated 31 Mar 1306 to “Richard son of Thomas de Clare, son of the earl of Gloucester aged about 20”, at the request of “his aunt Margaret de Clara countess of Cornwall”, to retain “the churches of Boureth, Yothel and Malteby in the dioceses of Killaloe, Cloyne and York” and accept others with “licence to postpone being ordained a priest for seven years, he being engaged in his studies”[2019]. The reference to his pursuing studies suggests that Richard was a different person from Richard, legitimate son of Thomas. This appears to be confirmed by the following source, dated to after the death of the legitimate Richard, which probably refers to the same Richard. Pope John XXII ordered the removal of “Master Richard de Clara, rector of Dunmowe” to be removed from “the canonry of Dublin and prebend of Suerds” because his right depended on an appointment made by the excommunicated archbishop of Dublin, dated 13 Mar 1331[2020]. Assuming that this Richard was the same as named in the 13 Mar 1331 source, he must have been illegitimate as he is not named as heir to his nephew Thomas, son of legitimate Richard (see above).

4. BOVO de Clare (21 Jul 1248-1294). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Thomam et Benedictum” as the two younger sons of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2021]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “XII Kal Aug” in 1248 of “filius…Beves” to “Ricardo comiti Gloucestriæ”[2022]. Chancellor of Llandaff. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Bono de Clare…pauper…[et] germanus dicti Bonus, comes Gloucestriæ” died in 1295[2023].

5. MARGARET de Clare (1250-either before 16 Sep 1312 or Feb 1313, bur Chertsey Abbey, Surrey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2024]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth in 1250 of “filiam Margaretam” to “Matilda comitissa Gloucestriæ”[2025]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "in crastine Sanctæ Fidis" 6 Oct [1272] of "Eadmundus de Alemannia comes Cornubiæ" and "Margaretam sororem Gileberti comitis Gloverniæ"[2026]. m (Ruislip Chapel, Middlesex 6 Oct 1272, divorced 1293/94) EDMUND Earl of Cornwall, son of RICHARD Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans & his second wife Sancha de Provence (Berkhamstead Castle, Buckinghamshire 26 Dec 1249 or 5 Dec 1250-Ashridge Abbey, Herts 24/25 Sep or 1 Oct 1300, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire).

6. ROHESE de Clare (17 Oct or [25] Dec 1252-after 1316). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2027]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “in vigilia Sancti Lucæ” in 1252 of “Roys filius Ricardi comitis Gloucestriæ”, a later passage recording the birth “circa Natale Domini apud Lantrissan” in 1252 of “Ricardo de Clare comiti Gloucestriæ”[2028]. A manuscript which recites the Mowbray ancestry records that “Rogerus”, son of “Willielmus de Molbray”, married “Roysam”[2029]. m (1270) ROGER de Mowbray, son of WILLIAM de Mowbray & his wife Avice --- (-before 21 Nov 1297). He was summoned to parliament 24 Jun 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Mowbray.

7. EGLANTINA de Clare (1257-1257, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth in 1257 of “Eglentina filia Ricardi de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ”, her death after 15 weeks, and her burial at Tewkesbury[2030].

GILBERT de Clare, son of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford & his second wife Matilda de Lacy (Christchurch, Hampshire 2 Sep 1243-Monmouth Castle 7 Dec 1295, bur 22 Dec 1295 Tewkesbury). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “in crastino Sancti Egidii apud Christi ecclesiam in Dorsetia” in 1243 of “filius…G.” to “R. de Clara”[2031]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Gilbertum secundum…dictus…Rubeus Comes” as son of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[2032]. He succeeded his father in 1262 as Earl of Hertford and Earl of Gloucester "the Red Earl". He was one of the leaders of the Barons' party in support of Simon de Montfort, taking the king prisoner at the battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. However, he changed sides and largely contributed to the king's victory at Evesham, commanding a division and receiving a pardon for his previous conduct. After the death of King Henry III, he was Joint Guardian of England until the return from Crusade of the new King Edward I. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "ante Natale domini" of "Gilebertus de Clare comes Gloverniæ" and his burial "apud Theukesbury"[2033]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “in castello de Monmouth VII Id Dec 1295” of “Gilbertus secundus” and his burial “apud Theokes, in sinistra Gilberti primi”[2034]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Bono de Clare…pauper…[et] germanus dicti Bonus, comes Gloucestriæ” died in 1295[2035]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 14 Dec "24 Edw I", following the death of "Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hertford" name “Gilbert his son aged 5 at the feast of St Mark last [...aged 4 at the feast of St George 23 Edw I] is his next heir”[2036].

m firstly (contract 2 Feb 1253, Spring 1253, separated Norwich 18 Jul 1271, annulled 16 May 1285) as her first husband, ALIX de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XII] “le Brun” de Lusignan Comte de la Marche et d'Angoulême & his wife Yolande de Bretagne (-May 1290). Matthew Paris records the betrothal of “Ricardus comes Gloverniæ…filium tuum legitimum primogenitum“ and “filiæ Guidonis comitis Engolismi, fratris mei uterini” (referring to King Henry III), with a dowry of 5,000 marks, dated to 1253 from the context[2037]. A later passage in the same chronicle records that “comes Gloverniæ Ricardus et Willelmus de Valentia frater regis“ crossed (“transfretaverunt”) for the marriage between “filium eius Gilbertum primogenitum” and “filiam comitis Engolismi fratris Regis prælocutum”[2038]. These passages leave doubt about the identity of the bride’s father. The king’s uterine brother Hugues was the comte d’Angoulême, not his brother Guy. The question is therefore whether the error in Matthew Paris relates to the name or the title of the bride’s father. It is suggested that it is more likely that the chronicler’s recording of the title would be correct, as the individual would presumably have been referred to by his contemporaries by his title rather than his name. This suggestion appears to be supported by the reference to “crossing” for the marriage, which presumably indicates crossing the English Channel to France. Yet another passage in Matthew Paris records that "Guido frater domini regis uterinus" arrived back in England from Palestine in 1251[2039] (see above). Although this is not conclusive to indicate that Guy was still in England in 1253, it does suggest that England rather than France was his base and that, if his daughter had been the bride, no “crossing” would have been necessary. On the other hand, no record has so far been found to indicate that the base of Hugues Comte d’Angoulême was anywhere other than France. In addition, considering the prominent position of the de Clare family in England at the time, it appears more likely that a marriage would have been arranged between Gilbert de Clare and the daughter of the ruling count rather than the daughter of the count’s more obscure younger brother. The difficulty appears to be clarified by the dispensation for the second marriage of “Gileberto comiti Gloverniæ et Hertfordiæ” and “Johanna nata...Edvardi regis Angliæ”, dated 16 Nov 1289, which records the 2^o and 3^o affinity between the parties illustrated by the 2^o and 3^o consanguinity between “Aliciam natam quondam...Hugonis comitis Marchiæ” [the bridegroom’s first wife] and “prædictam Johannam”[2040]. It is assumed to be correct that Hugues Comte d’Angoulême, rather than Hugues’s younger brother Guy, was the father of Alix. Her name is confirmed by the Continuator of Florence of Worcester who records the divorce "XV Kal Aug apud Norwyciam" between "G. comitem Gloverniæ" and "Aliciam comitissam"[2041]. A different perspective on the parentage of Alix is provided by the Annals of Tewkesbury which record the proposed marriage in 1252 of “comite de Gloucestris…filii sui G.” and “filiæ sororis domini regis”, although a later passage in the same source appears to confirm the above interpretation of Alix’s parentage when it records that “Gilebertus de Clare filius et hæres…Ricardi de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ” was betrothed “in partibus transmarinis” in 1253 to “filiam comitis Marchiæ…sororem…electi Wyntoniæ et neptem domini regis” (although it was Alix’s father who was brother of Athelmar “electi Wyntoniæ”)[2042]. A charter dated 1285 records the divorce between “Gilbertum de Clare comitem Gloverniæ et Hertf.” and “dominam Aliciam de Marchia” and the grant of “manerium de Taxstede...” to the latter[2043]. She married secondly Gilbert de Lindsay. Her second marriage is indicated by inquisitions after a writ dated 14 Dec "24 Edw I", following the death of "Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hertford", which record that the widow of the deceased had no seisin of “Thackstede...manor” in Essex “because it was held by Gilbert de Lyndeseye and Alice de la Marche his wife for the life of the latter, who was still living when Gilbert the earl gave his other lands to the king”[2044]. Alix is alleged to have become hypochondriac[2045].

m secondly (Papal dispensation 16 Nov 1289, Westminster Abbey early May 1290) as her first husband, JOAN of England "of Acre", daughter of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Acre, Palestine Spring 1272-Clare Manor, Suffolk 23 Apr 1307, bur 26 Apr 1307 Priory Church of the Austin Friars, Clare, Suffolk). The dispensation for the marriage of “Gileberto comiti Gloverniæ et Hertfordiæ” and “Johanna nata...Edvardi regis Angliæ”, dated 16 Nov 1289, records the 2^o and 3^o affinity between the parties illustrated by the 2^o and 3^o consanguinity between “Aliciam natam quondam...Hugonis comitis Marchiæ” [the bridegroom’s first wife] and “prædictam Johannam”[2046]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "ultimo die mensis Aprilis apud Westmonasterium" of "Gilbertus de Clare comes Gloverniæ" and "dominam Johannam dicta de Acra…filium regis Angliæ"[2047]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Gilbertus secundus” and “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”[2048]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Edwardus rex…Johannam filiam suam secundo genitam” married “Gilberto comiti Gloverniæ” in 1290[2049]. She married secondly (secretly early 1297 or [12 May/3 Jul] 1297) as his first wife, Ralph de Monthermer. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitssa Gloverniæ, filia domini regis” married “cuidam militia sine assensu regio” in 1296[2050]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the death in 1307 of “Johanna de Acres comitissa de Clare” and her burial “in ecclesia fratrum S. Augustini apud Clare”[2051].

Earl Gilbert & his first wife had two children:

1. ISABEL de Clare (10 Mar 1263-after 1322). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “VI Id Mar” in 1262 of “filia Isabella” to “Gilberto de Clare filio Ricardi comitis Gloucestriæ…de uxore sua Alicia filia comitis Marchiæ”[2052]. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 11 May 1297) GUY Beauchamp, son of WILLIAM Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his wife Matilda FitzJohn ([1270/71]-Warwick [28 Jul/early Aug] 1315, bur Bordsley). He succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Warwick. m ([1316]) as his second wife, MAURICE de Berkeley Lord Berkeley, son of THOMAS de Berkeley Lord Berkeley & his wife Joan de Ferrers of the Earls of Derby ([Apr 1281]-31 May 1326, bur Wallingford, transferred to Bristol St Augustine’s).

2. JOAN de Clare (1264-after 1322). The Chronicle of Lanercost records that "comes…de Fife Dunekanus" had recently married "dominam Johannam, filiam comitis Gloverniæ" when he was killed, adding that she gave birth to a son posthumously who succeeded his father[2053]. A charter dated 6 Jun 1292 records that King Edward I granted permission to "Johanna de Clare comitissa de Fif uxor quondam Duncani comitis de Fif" to marry whom she pleases on payment of a fine of 1000 marks[2054]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly (1284) DUNCAN Macduff Earl of Fife, son of COLBRAN Macduff Earl of Fife & his wife Anne [Durward] ([1262]-murdered Petpolloch 25 Sep [1288/89], bur Cuprose). m secondly (after 23 Apr 1299) GERVASE Avenell, son of --- (-after 1322).

Earl Gilbert & his second wife had four children:

3. GILBERT de Clare (Winchecombe 4 May 1291-killed in battle Bannockburn 24 Jun 1314, bur Tewkesbury). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "IV Non Mai apud Winchecumb" of "filium suum primogenitum…Gillbertum" to "Johanna comitissa Gloverniæ domini regis Angliæ filiæ"[2055]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Gilbertum tertium” as the only son of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”[2056]. He succeeded his father in 1295 as Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, but was not so styled until after the death of his mother in 1307. Inquisitions after a writ dated 14 Dec "24 Edw I", following the death of "Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hertford" name “Gilbert his son aged 5 at the feast of St Mark last [...aged 4 at the feast of St George 23 Edw I] is his next heir”[2057]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “Gilbertus tertius” was killed “apud Streveling in die Natalis S. Johannis Baptistæ…VIII Kal Jul” aged 23 and buried “apud Theokes”[2058]. On his death, all his honours reverted to the crown. m (Waltham Abbey 29 Sep 1308) MATILDA de Burgh, daughter of RICHARD de Burgh Earl of Ulster & his wife Margaret de Burgh of Lanvalley (-2 Jul 1316, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Gilbertus tertius” and “Matilda, filia Johannes de Borow comitis Ultoniæ”[2059]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "ad festum Sancti Michaelis" in 1308 of "comes Claudiocestriæ" and "filiam comitis Ultoniæ de Hibernia, id est Ulstre"[2060]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “VI Non Jul 1315” of “Gilbertus tertius…domina Matilda uxor eiusdem” and her burial “in sinistra viri sui”[2061]. Earl Gilbert & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN de Clare (Cardiff 3 Apr 1312-1312, bur Tewkesbury, St Mary's Chapel). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Johannem” as the son of “Gilbertus tertius” and his wife “Matilda, filia Johannes de Borow comitis Ultoniæ”, adding that he died young and was buried “apud Theokes”[2062].

4. ELEANOR de Clare ([1292]-1337). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Elianoram, Elizabetham, et Margaretam” as the three daughters of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”, adding that Eleanor married “Hugoni le Despenser, filio domini Hugonis le Despenser comitis Wintoniæ”[2063]. King Edward II, for “affectionem quam ad promotionem...nepotis regis Gilberti filii Hugonis le Despencer junioris”, granted “manerium de Melton Moubray...in comitatu Leycestriæ quod fuit Johannis de Moubray...et manerium de Sonyngdon...in comitatu Bedfordiæ quod fuit de Bartholomæi de Badelsmere” to “nepti suæ Alianoræ uxori eiusdem Hugonis” by charter dated 7 Jul 1322[2064]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “Eleonora uxor eiusdem” (referring to “Hugo secundus, camerarius Regis Edwardi de Karnarvan et maritus dominæ Elianoræ de Clare”) died “II Kal Jul 1337”, and also refers to her second marriage to “domino Willielmo le Sowch” by whom she was mother of “Hugonem Souch”[2065]. m firstly (Westminster 1306 after 14 Jun ) HUGH Le Despencer, son of HUGH Le Despencer Lord Despencer & his wife Eleanor de Beauchamp (-hanged 24 Nov 1326). Lord Despencer 1314. m secondly ([Jan 1329]) as his second wife, WILLIAM la Zouche Lord Zouche (of Richard’s Castle), son of ROBERT de Mortimer of Richard’s Castle, Herefordshire & his wife Joyce la Zouche of king’s Nympton, Devon (-1 Mar 1335, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “1335 primo de Martii” of “Willielmus de Souch”, and his burial at Tewkesbury abbey[2066].

5. MARGARET de Clare ([1293]-9 Apr 1342, bur Queenhithe). The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records that Edward II King of England recalled “Petrus de Gavestone” from exile, gave him “comitatum Cornubie”, and married him to “filiam sororis sue...domine Iohanne de Acres comitisse de Gloucestre”, dated to after the king’s coronation in Feb 1308 from the context[2067]. King Edward II granted “manerium de Brustwyk”, which had belonged to “Isabellæ de Fortibus quondam comitissæ Albemarl”, to “Petrus de Gavaston...et Margaretæ uxori eius nepti nostræ” dated 7 Jun 1308[2068]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Elianoram, Elizabetham, et Margaretam” as the three daughters of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”, adding in a later passage that “domina Isabella [error for Margareta] tertia filia Gilberti secundi” married “domino Hugoni de Audley”[2069]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly (before 7 Jun 1308) PIERS Gavaston Earl of Cornwall, son of [ARNAUD de Lescun dit de Gabaston & his wife Clarmonde de Marsan et de Louvigny] (-beheaded Gaversich near Warwick or Scarborough 19 Jan 1312, bur 2 Jan 1314 King’s Langley, Hertfordshire). m secondly (28 Apr 1317) HUGH de Audley, son of HUGH de Audley Lord Audley & his wife Isolda de Mortimer (-10 Nov 1347, bur Tonbridge Priory). He was summoned to parliament 30 Nov 1317, whereby he is held to have become Lord Audley. He was created Earl of Gloucester 16 Mar 1337.

6. ELIZABETH de Clare (Tewkesbury 16 Sep 1295-4 Nov 1360). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Elianoram, Elizabetham, et Margaretam” as the three daughters of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”, adding in a later passage that she had three husbands “Johannem de Borow comitem de Holvestre…”[2070]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "ad festum Sancti Michaelis" in 1308 of "filius comitis Ultoniæ" and "sororem comitis Claudiocestriæ"[2071]. The Chronicle of Croxden records the marriage “III Non Feb...apud Brystoll” 1314 of “dominus Theobaldus de Verdun” and “Elizabetham filiam domini Gilberti de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ et dominæ Johannæ de Acres filiæ Edwardi regis” who had previously married “filio primogenito comitis de Uluecestre in Hibernia”[2072]. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records the second marriage of "Theobaldo Verdon" and "Elizabetham de Burgo, nuper uxorem Johannis de Burgo filii comitis Ultoniæ, sororem Gilberti de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ", and names their children "Isabella et Katherina"[2073]. The will of "Elizabeth de Burg Lady of Clare", dated 25 Sep 1355, proved 3 Dec 1360, chose burial “in the Sisters Minories beyond Aldgate, London”, requested masses for the souls of "Monsr John de Bourg, Monsr Theobaud de Verdon and Monsr Roger Dammory my lords", bequeathed property to “dame Elizabeth countess of Ulster, the debt which my son, her father, owed me at his death...my daughter Bardolf...Monsr John Bardolf and to my said daughter his wife...my joesne fille Isabel Bardolf to her marriage, Agnes her sister to her marriage...Monsieur William de Ferrers...Monsr Thomas Furnival...my daughter Countess of Athol...”[2074]. m firstly (Waltham Abbey, Essex 30 Sep 1308) JOHN de Burgh of Ulster, son of RICHARD de Burgh Earl of Ulster & his wife Margaret de Burgh of Lanvalley ([1290]-Galway 18 Jun 1313). m secondly (near Bristol 4 Feb [1314/15]) as his second wife, THEOBALD [II] de Verdun Lord Verdun, son of THEOBALD [I] de Verdun Lord Verdun & his [first] wife Margery --- (8 Sep [1277/78]-27 Jul 1316, bur Croxden Abbey, Staffs). m thirdly (before 3 May 1317) ROGER Damory Lord Damory, son of --- (-13/14 Mar 1322).

D. EARL of GLOUCESTER 1297-1307 (MONTHERMER)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. RALPH de Monthermer, son of --- ([1261/62]-5 Apr 1325, bur Salisbury, Grey Friars Church). He was a member of the household of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, and was secretly married to his widow. He was imprisoned by the King at Bristol when he learned of this marriage, but pardoned at Eltham 2 Aug 1297[2075]. He was styled Earl of Gloucester and Hertford after his marriage but never acquired full comital rank. He lost the name of earl on his wife's death[2076]. He was created Earl of Atholl 12 Oct 1306, but he resigned this earldom 24 Jun 1307 in favour of David of Strathbogie. He was summoned to parliament 4 Mar 1309, whereby he is held to have become Lord Monthermer. King Edward II granted “manerium de Stoke in Hamme” to “Radulpho de Monte Hermerii et Thomæ et Edwardo filiis eius, nepotibus nostris” and other properties by charter dated 16 Sep 1309[2077]. m firstly (secretly early 1297 or [12 May/3 Jul] 1297) as her second husband, JOAN of England "of Acre", widow of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, daughter of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Acre, Palestine Spring 1272-Clare Manor, Suffolk 23 Apr 1307, bur 26 Apr 1307 Priory Church of the Austin Friars, Clare, Suffolk). The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitssa Gloverniæ, filia domini regis” married “cuidam militia sine assensu regio” in 1296[2078]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. This marriage was clandestine. The king, her father, did not know that Joan was already married when he agreed 16 Mar 1297 her marriage to Amédée Comte de Savoie. He confiscated Joan's lands 3 Jul 1297 when he found out about the marriage, but pardoned her 2 Aug 1297[2079]. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the death in 1307 of “Johanna de Acres comitissa de Clare” and her burial “in ecclesia fratrum S. Augustini apud Clare”[2080]. m secondly (before 20 Nov 1318) as her second husband, ISABEL le Despencer, widow of JOHN de Hastings Lord Hastings, daughter of HUGH le Despencer Lord le Despencer [later Earl of Winchester] & his wife Isabel de Beauchamp of Warwick (-4/5 Dec 1334). King Edward II pardoned “Radulphus de Montehermerii” for marrying “Isabellam quæ fuit uxor Johannis de Hastinges defuncti” without royal consent by charter dated 12 Aug 1319[2081]. Lord Ralph & his first wife had four children:

a) MARY de Monthermer (1298-after 1371). The dispensation for the marriage of “Duncan de Fyf” and “Marie de Monthermer” is dated 12 Oct 1306[2082]. King Edward II granted safe conduct to “comitissa de Fyff neptis nostra...quæ in Anglia jam existit” to travel to Scotland “pro deliberatione Elenæ quæ fuit uxor Roberti de Nevill, per Scotos ibidem detentæ” by charter dated 28 Jan 1320[2083]. m (Papal dispensation 4^o Nov 1307) DUNCAN Macduff Earl of Fife, son of DUNCAN Macduff Earl of Fife & his wife Joan de Clare (after 25 Sep [1288/89]-1353).

b) JOAN de Monthermer (1299-). Nun at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire.

c) THOMAS de Monthermer (4 Oct 1301-killed in battle Sluys, Flanders 24 Jun 1340). The Annals of Worcester record the birth “IV Non Oct” in 1301 of “Johanna comitissa Gloucestriæ…filium…Thomam”[2084]. King Edward II granted “manerium de Stoke in Hamme” to “Radulpho de Monte Hermerii et Thomæ et Edwardo filiis eius, nepotibus nostris” and other properties by charter dated 16 Sep 1309[2085]. He succeeded his father in 1325 as Lord Monthermer. King Edward III pardoned “consanguineus...noster Thomas de Monte Hermerii” for having supported “Henrico comiti Lancastriæ” on payment of a fine by charter dated 2 Aug 1330[2086]. m [as her second husband,] MARGARET, [widow of HENRY Teyes Lord Teyes], daughter of --- (-May 1349). King Edward III wrote to “Margaretæ quæ fuit uxor Thomæ de Monte Hermerii” notified his grant to “Willielmo de Monte Acuto comiti Sarum et marescallo Angliæ” for the maintenance (“pro sustentione”) of “Margaretæ filiæ et hæredis Thomæ de Monte Hermerii defuncti...infra ætatem et in custodia nostra” by charter dated 15 Mar 1341[2087]. Thomas & his wife had one child:

i) MARGARET de Monthermer (Stokenham 14 Oct 1329-24 Mar 1395). She succeeded her father in 1340 as Baroness Monthermer, suo iure. King Edward III recorded that “post mortem Thomæ de Monte Hermerii defuncti” John Bishop of Exeter retained the property of “Margaretam filiam et hæredem prædicti Thomæ”, that later “præfatam Margaretam” was betrothed by “Willelmo de Monte Acuto comiti Sarum” with the consent of “Roberti de Ferrariis (cui maritagium eiusdem hæredis concessimus)”, and the requested the bishop to release her property, by charter dated 1 Feb 1341[2088]. m ([1 Feb 1341/end 1343]) JOHN de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Katharine de Grandison (London --- -25 Feb or 4 Mar 1390, bur Salisbury Cathedral). He was summoned to parliament 15 Dec 1357, whereby he is held to have become Lord Montagu.

d) EDWARD de Monthermer (-3 Feb 1340, bur Clare, Suffolk, Austin Friars' Church). King Edward II granted “manerium de Stoke in Hamme” to “Radulpho de Monte Hermerii et Thomæ et Edwardo filiis eius, nepotibus nostris” and other properties by charter dated 16 Sep 1309[2089]. King Edward III restored the lands of “Edwardi de Monte Hermerii” by charter dated 3 Dec 1330[2090]. He was summoned to parliament 23 Apr 1337, whereby he is held to have become Lord Monthermer.

Lord Ralph had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

e) RALPH de Monthermer (-after 1340). m as her first husband, ALICE, daughter of ---. She married secondly Reynold de Paveley.

E. EARLS of GLOUCESTER 1337-1347 (AUDLEY)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. GAMAL (-after 1085). Domesday Book records “Gamal” holding Balterley, Audley and Talke in Staffordshire; Cheadle and Mottram St Andrew in Cheshire[2091].

2. LIULF . He was granted the manors of Audley and Talke, Staffordshire. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Liulf de Aldredeslega" compounding for the death of "Gamel" in Staffordshire (Nova Placita)[2092]. m --- de Stanley, daughter of ---. Adam, son of Liulf de Audley, granted Stanley, Staffordshire to William de Stanley, son of Adam de Stanley the grantor’s avunculus, in exchange for Talk o’ the Hill, undated but during the reign of King Stephen[2093]. If avunculus is interpreted strictly in this source, Adam de Audley’s mother was the sister of Adam de Stanley. Liulf & his wife had one child:

a) ADAM de Audley (-[1203/11). Adam, son of Liulf de Audley, granted Stanley, Staffordshire to William de Stanley, son of Adam de Stanley the grantor’s avunculus, in exchange for Talk o’ the Hill, undated but during the reign of King Stephen[2094]. “Bertramus de Verdun” founded Croxden abbey, for the souls of “Normanni de Verdune patris mei et Lucelinæ matris meæ et Richardi de Humez qui me nutrivit” and for the salvation of “mea et Roehais uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Roberto de Verdun, Waltero de Canvile, Ada de Aldithelee...Willielmo Pantouf, Radulpho de Biseche, Rogero Bagot, Philippo de Draicote, Milone de Verdun”[2095]. "Herveus Bagot" donated "villam de Draitun et molendino" to Stafford St Thomas, with the consent of "uxoris meæ Milisent et heredum meorum", by charter dated 1194, witnessed by "…Toma Noel, Adam de Aldithel…Rogero Bagot, Willielmo Bagot de Blumenhull, William Bagot de la Hide…"[2096]. Ancestor of the Lords Audley[2097]. m EMMA, daughter of ROBERT FitzOrm & his wife ---. Adam & his wife had two children:

i) ADAM de Audley (-1212 or before). He was constable to Hugh de Lacy Earl of Ulster[2098].

ii) HENRY de Audley ([1175]-1246 before Nov). He bought the manors of Egmond and Newport in Shropshire and built the castles of Heleigh, Staffordshire and Red Castle, Shropshire[2099]. m BERTRADE Mainwaring, daughter of RALPH Mainwaring [Mesnilwarin], seneschal of Chester & his wife Amicia of Chester (-after 1249). “Radulfus de Meidnilwar” granted “Smelewde...et Snellest...et dimid Pichemere...” to “Henrico de Alditelegh in liberum maritagium cum Bertrea filia mea” by undated charter, witnessed by “Ran com Cestr, Hug com Ultoniæ...”[2100]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of [her grandson] "Henry de Audidelegh..." which record the manor of “Smalewode...given to Henry de Audithele grandfather of the said Henry” by “Thomas [error for Ralph?] de Meynwaryn as free marriage”[2101]. Henry & his wife had four children:

(a) RALPH (-before 1240). According to the Complete Peerage[2102], Ralph was "very possibly" James's older brother.

(b) ALICE (after 1217-after 1265). An order dated 1228 notified that the king had granted "scutagium feodroum i militis et dimidii", held by "Petrus de Monte Forti qui filiam suam duxit in uxorem", to “Henrico de Aldithel”[2103]. m (1228) PIERS [I] de Montfort of Preston, co. Rutland, son of THURSTAN [III] de Montfort & his wife [--- de Cauntelo] ([1205/07]-killed in battle Evesham 4 Aug 1265).

- see below.

(d) EMMA . m firstly HENRY Touchet . m secondly GRUFFYDD Maelor [II] Lord of North Powys, son of MADOG Prince of Northern Powys & his wife Isota --- (-1269).

1. WALTER de Audley (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Walterus de Audley" held one knight’s fee from "Hunfridi de Boun" in Wiltshire[2104].

1. ADAM de Audley (-after 1219). "…Dño Ada de Audelee…" witnessed the undated charter under which "Johannes de Scot comes Cestrie et de Huntedon" confirmed the donations to St Andrew’s priory made by "pater noster comes David", undated but presumably dated to soon after his father’s death (in 1219)[2105].

JAMES Audley of Heleigh, Staffordshire, son of HENRY de Audley & his wife Bertred Mainwaring ([1220]-[11 Jun] 1272). The Complete Peerage records that he died by "breaking his neck"[2106].

m ELA Longespee, daughter of WILLIAM Longespee & his wife Idoine de Camville (-before 22 Nov 1299). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric’um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife, adding that Ela married “Jacobus de Audele”[2107]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 25 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "William de Auditheleye...” name “Nicholas his brother is his next heir and of full age...Ela his mother...Lucy late the wife of Henry de Audethele”[2108].

James Audley & his wife had six children:

1. JAMES de Audley (1250-before 22 Nov 1274). A writ dated 22 Nov "2 Edw I", after the death of "James de Aldithele alias Audithele..." names "Henry his brother aged 22 and more is his next heir" and orders the delivery “to Maud late the wife of J. de Audel in tenancy the manor of Ford [by way of dower]”[2109]. m as her first husband, MATILDA, daughter of --- (-[Apr] 1276). A writ dated 22 Nov "2 Edw I", after the death of "James de Aldithele alias Audithele..." names "Henry his brother aged 22 and more is his next heir" and orders the delivery “to Maud late the wife of J. de Audel in tenancy the manor of Ford [by way of dower]”[2110]. She married secondly John Deivill Lord Deivill. Inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of "Henry de Audidelegh..." record the manor of “Austanesfelt...held by Maud late the wife of James de Audedele of the said Henry in dower who died eight days and more after the said Henry”[2111].

2. HENRY de Audley ([1251/52]-before 22 Apr 1276). A writ dated 22 Nov "2 Edw I", after the death of "James de Aldithele alias Audithele..." names "Henry his brother aged 22 and more is his next heir"[2112]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of "Henry de Audidelegh..." name "William de Audithele his brother aged 22 on the day of St Luke 3 Edw I is his next heir”, record the manor of “Smalewode...given to Henry de Audithele grandfather of the said Henry” by “Thomas de Meynwaryn as free marriage”, the manor of “Austanesfelt...held by Maud late the wife of James de Audedele of the said Henry in dower who died eight days and more after the said Henry”, and a writ “for...the assignment of dower to Lucy late the wife of the said Henry”[2113]. m as her first husband, LUCY, daughter of --- (-after 1303). Inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of "Henry de Audidelegh..." record a writ “for...the assignment of dower to Lucy late the wife of the said Henry”[2114]. She married secondly (before 1281) William Rithre Lord Rithre.

3. WILLIAM de Audley (18 Oct 1253-killed in battle Wales before 25 Dec 1282). Inquisitions after a writ dated 22 Apr "4 Edw I", following the death of "Henry de Audidelegh..." name "William de Audithele his brother aged 22 on the day of St Luke 3 Edw I is his next heir”[2115]. The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmum de Audele…Nich’um de Audele” as the children of “Jacobus de Audele” and his wife Ela, adding that William was drowned “apud Snowdoun in guerra Walliæ”[2116]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 25 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "William de Auditheleye...” name “Nicholas his brother is his next heir and of full age...Ela his mother...Lucy late the wife of Henry de Audethele”[2117].

4. JOAN . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m JOHN de Beauchamp, son of ROBERT de Beauchamp & his wife ---.

5. NICHOLAS de Audley (before 1258-28 Aug 1299). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmum de Audele…Nich’um de Audele” as the children of “Jacobus de Audele” and his wife Ela, adding that William was drowned “apud Snowdoun in guerra Walliæ”[2118]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 25 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "William de Auditheleye...” name “Nicholas his brother is his next heir and of full age...Ela his mother...Lucy late the wife of Henry de Audethele”[2119]. m (1299 or before) CATHERINE Giffard, daughter of JOHN Giffard Lord Giffard of Brimpsfield & his first wife Matilda de Clifford (1272-after 1322). The Book of Lacock names “Catharinam filiam Johannis Giffard” as wife of “Nich’um de Audele”, son of “Jacobus de Audele”[2120]. She became a nun at Ledbury[2121]. Nicholas & his wife had four children:

a) THOMAS Audley (1288-[8 Jul/14 Dec] 1307, bur Langley Abbey, Norfolk). m as her first husband, EVA de Clavering, daughter of JOHN de Clavering Lord Clavering & his wife Hawise de Tibetot (-30 Sep 1369, bur Langley Abbey, Norfolk). A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “Evam...cognomen...Clavering” as the child of “Johannem”, son of “Robertum filium Rogeri”, adding that she had “filiam...Evam, quæ nunc se clamat advocatricem domus de Sibeton, de Langley, sanctæ Fidis et de Bliburg” who married firstly “Thomæ de Audele” who died childless and secondly “militi Radulfo de Ufford”, thirdly “Jacobo de Audele”, and fourthly “Roberto Benhalle militi” who died childless[2122]. She married secondly (before 2 Dec 1308) Thomas de Ufford. After her second husband was killed at the battle of Bannockburn, Eva lived with, but did not marry, her first husband's first cousin James Audley. She married thirdly Robert de Benhale Lord Benhale.

b) NICHOLAS Audley (11 Nov 1289-1316 before 6 Dec). He was summoned to parliament 8 Jan 1313, whereby he is held to have become Lord Audley. m (1312) as her second husband, JOAN Martin, widow of HENRY de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, daughter of WILLIAM Martin Lord Martin & his wife Eleanor de Mohun née FitzPiers (-[Feb 1320/1 Aug 1322]). Her second marriage is confirmed by inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok which name "Philip de Columbariis and Eleanor his wife" and "Johanna sister of the said Eleanor", who was mother of "James d’Audelee", as daughters and heiresses of "William Martyn chevalier"[2123]. Lord Nicholas & his wife had one child:

i) JAMES Audley (Knesale, Nottinghamshire 8 Jan 1313-Heleigh 1 Apr 1386, bur Hulton Abbey). Inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok name "Philip de Columbariis and Eleanor his wife" and "Johanna sister of the said Eleanor" who was mother of "James d’Audelee"[2124]. He succeeded his father in 1316 as Lord Audley. The will of "James Audley Lord of Rony Castle and of Heleigh", dated 1385, chose burial “in the quire of my abbey at Hilton...if I die in the Marches...”, bequeathed property to “Nicholas my son...Foulk Fitzwarren and Philip his uncle...Margaret Hillary my daughter...”[2125]. m firstly (before 13 Jun 1330) JOAN Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Joan de Geneville (-[1337/51]). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Edmundum primogenitum…Rogerum militem, Galfridum…Johannem…Katherinam…Johannam…Agnetam…Margaretam…Matildam… Blanchiam… et Beatricem” as children of “Roger comes et Johanna uxor eius”, adding that Joan married “domino Jacobo de Audeley”[2126]. m secondly (before Dec 1351) ISABEL, daughter of [ROGER Le Strange Lord Strange of Knokyn & his wife ---] (-after 1366). Lord James & his first wife had four children:

(a) NICHOLAS Audley ([1328]-22 Jul 1391). The will of "James Audley Lord of Rony Castle and of Heleigh", dated 1385, bequeathed property to “Nicholas my son...Foulk Fitzwarren and Philip his uncle...Margaret Hillary my daughter...”[2127]. Inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok name "Nicholas d’Audelee Chivaler" as son and heir of "James d’Audelee"[2128]. He succeeded his father in 1386 as Lord Audley. m (settlement [1330/31]) ELIZABETH Beaumont, daughter of HENRY Beaumont Lord Beaumont & his wife Alice Ctss of Buchan (-27 Oct 1400, bur [Hulton Abbey]). The will of "Elizabeth Lady Audley", dated 30 Sep 1400, chose burial “in the quire of Hilton Abbey”, bequeathed property to “my...Lord Thomas the king’s son...my...niece Joan de Beaumond...to her marriage...Joan de Audley...”[2129].

(b) ROGER (-after 1352).

(c) JOAN Audley (-after 30 Sep 1400). Inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok name "Johanna another of the sisters of [Nicholas d’Audelee Chivaler]" and her grandson "John Tochet son of John" as heirs of Nicholas[2130]. The will of "Elizabeth Lady Audley", dated 30 Sep 1400, bequeathed property to “my...Lord Thomas the king’s son...my...niece Joan de Beaumond...to her marriage...Joan de Audley...”[2131]. m JOHN Tuchet of Markeaton, Derbyshire (-killed in battle Rochelle 1371). Their grandson John Tuchet was summoned to parliament in 1405 as Lord Audley.

(d) MARGERY Audley ([1345]-1411). The will of "James Audley Lord of Rony Castle and of Heleigh", dated 1385, bequeathed property to “Nicholas my son...Foulk Fitzwarren and Philip his uncle...Margaret Hillary my daughter...”[2132]. Inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok name "Margaret…one of the sisters of Nicholas [d’Audelee Chivaler]" who married "Roger Hillary knight" as heirs of Nicholas[2133]. m (1353 or before) ROGER Hillary, son of ---.

Lord James & his second wife had five children:

(e) MARGERY Audley . The will of "James Audley Lord of Rony Castle and of Heleigh", dated 1385, bequeathed property to “Nicholas my son...Foulk Fitzwarren and Philip his uncle...Margaret Hillary my daughter...”[2134]. Inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok name "Margaret the third sister of Nicholas [d’Audelee Chivaler]" and her grandson "Fulk Fitz Waryn son of Fulk" as heirs of Nicholas[2135]. m FULK FitzWarin [VIII] Lord FitzWarin, son of FULK FitzWarin [VII] Lord FitzWarin & his wife --- (Whittington 2 Mar 1341-12 Feb 1374).

(f) THOMAS Audley (-before 1391).

(g) ROWLAND Audley (-before 1391).

(h) JAMES Audley (-before 1391).

(i) KATHERINE Audley . m THOMAS Spigurnel, son of ---.

c) ALICE (-after 1343). m firstly RALPH Basset of Drayton, son of RALPH Basset Lord Basset of Drayton & his wife Joan de Grey of Wilton and Ruthin (-[1335]). m secondly HUGH Mainill, son of --- (-after 1343).

d) ELA de Audley . m firstly GRUFFYDD, son of OWEN de la Pole & his wife Joanna Corbet (1291-1309). m secondly JAMES de Perrers, son of ---. m thirdly PIERS Corbet, son of ---.

6. HUGH de Audley ([1267]-[Wallingford Castle] [Nov 1325/Mar 1326]). He was summoned to parliament 15 May 1321, whereby he is held to have become Lord Audley. He joined the rebellion of the Earl of Lancaster in 1322, but surrendered and was held prisoner in Wallingford Castle[2136]. m (before 7 Jan 1293) as her second husband, ISOLDA de Mortimer, widow of WALTER de Ballon of Much Marcle, Herefordshire, [illegitimate] daughter of [EDMUND [I] de Mortimer of Wigmore, Herefordshire & his mistress ---] (-after 1336). According to the Complete Peerage[2137], Isolda was the daughter of Edmund [I] de Mortimer and his wife Margaret de Fiennes but this is chronologically impossible if her son Hugh was born in [1289]. It is therefore assumed that Isolda was Edmund de Mortimer's illegitimate daughter, although no proof has been found that this is correct. Another possibility is that she was Edmund's sister[2138]. Her first name suggests a Welsh origin. Edmund de Mortimer gave her and her first husband the manor of Arley, Staffordshire[2139]. Lord Hugh & his wife had three children:

a) JAMES Audley of Stratton Audley (-before 1 Mar 1334, bur Langley Abbey, Norfolk). Mistress: (after 24 Jun 1314) EVA de Clavering, widow firstly of THOMAS Audley and secondly of THOMAS de Ufford, daughter of JOHN de Clavering Lord Clavering & his wife Hawise de Tibetot (-30 Sep 1369, bur Langley Abbey, Norfolk). A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “Evam...cognomen...Clavering” as the child of “Johannem”, son of “Robertum filium Rogeri”, adding that she had “filiam...Evam, quæ nunc se clamat advocatricem domus de Sibeton, de Langley, sanctæ Fidis et de Bliburg” who married firstly “Thomæ de Audele” who died childless and secondly “militi Radulfo de Ufford”, thirdly “Jacobo de Audele”, and fourthly “Roberto Benhalle militi” who died childless[2140]. She married thirdly Robert de Benhale Lord Benhale. James had four illegitimate children by his mistress:

i) PETER Audley (-1359). A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “duos filios et duas filias...Jacobum et Petrum, Annam et Hawisiam” as the children of “Evam...” and “Jacobo de Audele”[2141].

ii) JAMES Audley (-Fontenay, Poitou 1369, bur Poitiers). A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “duos filios et duas filias...Jacobum et Petrum, Annam et Hawisiam” as the children of “Evam...” and “Jacobo de Audele”[2142]. Governor of Aquitaine and seneschal of Poitou. He was one of the founder members of the Order of the Garter[2143].

iii) ANNE . A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “duos filios et duas filias...Jacobum et Petrum, Annam et Hawisiam” as the children of “Evam...” and “Jacobo de Audele”[2144].

iv) HAWISE . A manuscript genealogy of the founders of Horsham priory, Norfolk names “duos filios et duas filias...Jacobum et Petrum, Annam et Hawisiam” as the children of “Evam...” and “Jacobo de Audele”[2145].

b) HUGH Audley ([1289][2146]-10 Nov 1347, bur Tonbridge Priory). He was summoned to parliament 30 Nov 1317, whereby he is held to have become Lord Audley. He was created Earl of Gloucester 16 Mar 1337. m (Windsor 28 Apr 1317) as her second husband, MARGARET de Clare, widow of PIERS de Gaveston Earl of Cornwall, daughter of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his second wife Joan of England ([1293]-9 Apr 1342). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Elianoram, Elizabetham, et Margaretam” as the three daughters of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”, adding in a later passage that “domina Isabella [error for Margareta] tertia filia Gilberti secundi” married “domino Hugoni de Audley”[2147]. Lord Hugh & his wife had one child:

i) MARGARET Audley (-after 28 Jan 1348, bur Tonbridge). She succeeded her father as Baroness Audley. m (before 6 Jul 1336) as his second wife, RALPH de Stafford Lord Stafford, son of EDMUND de Stafford Lord Stafford & his wife Margaret Basset (24 Sep 1301-31 Aug 1372, bur Tonbridge).

c) ALICE (-13 Jan 1375, bur Durham Cathedral Church). A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Radulfum de Neuille" married "Alesia, filia Hugonis de Audeley"[2148]. “Michael de la Pole miles, dominus de Wingfeild” founded Kingston-upon-Hull priory, for the souls of “…Radulphi de Nevill patris et Alesiæ matris…Johannis [de Nevill domini de Raby] et Matildæ quondam uxoris eiusdem Johannis”, by charter dated 18 Feb 1378[2149]. m firstly (1317) RALPH de Greystoke of Greystoke, son of ROBERT FitzRalph & his wife Elizabeth --- (15 Aug 1299-Gateshead 14 Jul 1323, bur Durham Cathedral Church). He was summoned to Parliament in 1322 whereby he is held to have become Lord Greystoke. m secondly (1327) RALPH Neville of Raby Lord Neville, son of RANDOLPH Neville Lord Neville & his first wife Eupheme --- ([before 1291]- 5 Aug 1368, bur Durham).

[1] CP VII 670.

[2] CP VII 671.

[3] CP XI Appendix K, p. 155.

[4] Original quoted in CP X 201 footnote d.

[5] CP X 194.

[6] CP V 116.

[7] CP II 386.

[8] Le Prévost, A. (1845) Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ (Paris) ("Orderic Vitalis (Prévost)"), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219.

[9] CP III 164.

[10] CP III 164.

[11] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin (Paris) ("Saint-Bertin"), Pars Secunda, Liber I, VII, p. 175.

[12] Haigneré, D. (ed.) (1886) Les chartes de Saint-Bertin d’après le grand cartulaire de Dom Charles-Joseph Dewitte (Saint-Omer) ("Saint-Bertin (Grand Cartulaire)"), Tome I, 71, p. 24.

[13] Saint-Bertin, Pars Secunda, Liber I, XIII, p. 183.

[14] Saint-Bertin, Pars Secunda, Liber I, XIV, p. 184.

[15] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[16] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1878) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny ( Paris) Tome IV, 3561, p. 689.

[17] Weir, A. (2002) Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (Pimlico), p. 45.

[18] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Covenham Priory, Lincolnshire, I, p. 993.

[19] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Longpont, p. 524.

[20] Williams, A. & Martin, G. H. (eds.) (2003) Domesday Book, a complete translation (Penguin Classics) ("Domesday Translation"), Cambridgeshire, XXVIII, p. 535.

[21] Domesday Translation, Norfolk, p. 1093.

[22] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book X, p. 315.

[23] Dugdale Monasticon II, Chester St Werburgh, I, p. 384.

[24] Delisle, L. (ed.) (1872) Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé de Mont-Saint-Michel (Rouen) Tome II, p. 202.

[25] Giles, I. A. (ed.) (1845) Scriptores rerum gestarum Willelmi Conquestoris (London) Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[26] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219.

[27] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219.

[28] Müller, E. (ed.) (1900) Le prieuré de Saint-Leu d’Esserent, Cartulaire première partie 1080-1150 (Pontoise) ("Esserent Saint-Leu"), LIX, p. 59.

[29] Domesday Translation, Hampshire, XXII, p. 106, Berkshire, XVIII, p. 147, Dorset, XXVII, pp. 213-4.

[30] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XV, p. 350.

[31] Forester, T. (trans.) (1854) The Chronicles of Florence of Worcester with two continuations (London), 1098, p. 204.

[32] Hunt, W. (ed.) (1893) Two Chartularies of the Priory of St Peter at Bath (London) ("Bath St Peter") 42, p. 46.

[33] CP III 165.

[34] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219, translation Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Vol. II, Book IV, p. 263.

[35] Christie, R. C. (ed.) (1887) Annales Cestrienses or Chronicle of the Abbey of St Werburg at Chester, Record Society [of] Lancashire and Cheshire Vol. XIV, (“Annales Cestrienses”), p. 16.

[36] Williams ab Ithel, J. (ed.) (1860) Annales Cambriæ (London), p. 32.

[37] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[38] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219.

[39] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 15, MGH SS XIII, p. 255.

[40] Barraclough, G. (1988) The Charters of the Anglo-Norman Earls of Chester c 1071-1237 (Gloucester), 6, p. 12.

[41] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 219.

[42] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[43] Annales Cestrienses, p. 16.

[44] Sharpe, Rev. J. (trans.), revised Stephenson, Rev. J. (1854) William of Malmesbury, The Kings before the Norman Conquest (Seeleys, London, reprint Llanerch, 1989), 419, p. 364.

[45] Thorpe, B. (ed.) (1849) Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon, Tomus II (London) (“Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon”), Continuatio, p. 74.

[46] Annales Cestrienses, p. 18.

[47] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book X, p. 315.

[48] Annales Cestrienses, p. 18.

[49] Malmesbury, 419, p. 364.

[50] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 74.

[51] Annales Cestrienses, p. 18.

[52] Johnson, C. & Cronne, H. A. (ed.) (1956) Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (Oxford), Vol. II, Appendix, LXXXIX, p. 331.

[53] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 74.

[54] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire III, p. 269.

[55] CP V 113-4.

[56] Round, J. H. (1892) Geoffrey de Mandeville, a Study of the Anarchy, p. 169.

[57] Round (1892), p. 169.

[58] Stenton, F. M. (ed.) (1920) Documents illustrative of the social and economic history of the Danelaw from various collections (London) ("Stenton (Danelaw, 1920)"), Greenfield, 150, p. 99.

[59] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Greenfield, 152, p. 100.

[60] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), 483, p. 353.

[61] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book VI, p. 237.

[62] Domesday Descendants, pp. 107-8.

[63] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Canwell Priory, Staffordshire, I, p. 105.

[64] Wrottesley, G. (ed.) ‘The Staffordshire Chartulary`, Wm Salt Archæological Society (ed.) (1882) Collections for a History of Staffordshire, Vol. III (Birmingham), Series III, p. 187.

[65] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[66] Delisle, L. (1867) Histoire du château et des sires de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (Valognes), Pièces justificatives, 44, p. 49.

[67] Dugdale Monasticon III, York St Mary, V, p. 548.

[68] Surtees Society (1841) Liber Vitæ Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (London, Edinburgh, 1841) (“Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis”), folio 52, p. 78.

[69] Prescott, J. E. (ed.) (1897) The Register of the Priory of Wetherhal (London) ("Wetherhal"), 1, p. 1.

[70] Dugdale Monasticon III, Wetherall Priory, Cumberland, XV, p. 584.

[71] Annales Cestrienses, p. 18.

[72] CP III 166.

[73] Annales Cestrienses, p. 18.

[74] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[75] Domesday Descendants, p. 247.

[76] Riley, H. (ed.) (1854) Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland (London) (“Ingulph's Chronicle”), p. 143.

[77] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 259.

[78] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Monastery, Lincolnshire, I, p. 215.

[79] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[80] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, folio 52, p. 78.

[81] Wetherhal, 1, p. 1.

[82] Wetherhal, 3, p. 10.

[83] Hunter, J. (ed.) (1833) Magnum rotulum scaccarii vel magnum rotulum pipæ de anno 31 regni Henrici primi (London) ("Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30)"), Lincolnshire, p. 110.

[84] Cited in CP VII Appendix J, p. 743, which discusses whether Thorold could have been her father, accepted as correct in Domesday Descendants, p. 247.

[85] Barraclough (1988), 16, p. 27.

[86] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[87] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[88] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[89] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[90] Hart, W. H. (ed.) (1863) Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriæ (London) (“Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ”), Vol. 1, p. 104.

[91] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLVII, p. 388.

[92] Domesday Descendants, p. 399.

[93] Berger, E. (ed.) (1916) Recueil des actes de Henri II roi d’Angleterre et duc de Normandie (Paris) ("Actes Henri II"), Tome I, LX, p. 67.

[94] Domesday Descendants, pp. 390 and 425, citing Major, K. (ed.) The Registrum Antiquissimum of the Cathedral Church of Lincoln, i (Lincoln Record Society), pp. 282-85 [not yet consulted].

[95] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Rocester Priory, Staffordshire, I, p. 410.

[96] Barraclough (1988), 153, p. 160.

[97] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[98] Annales Cestrienses, p. 16.

[99] Annales Cestrienses, p. 20.

[100] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 281.

[101] Annales Cambriæ, p. 45.

[102] Annales Cestrienses, p. 22.

[103] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[104] CP III 167.

[105] Ex Radulfi de Diceto imaginibus historiarum, RHGF XIII, p. 185.

[106] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 281.

[107] Grimaldi, S. (ed.) (1830) Rotuli de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis de Donatione Regis in XII Comitatibus, 1185 (London) (“Rotuli Dominabus”), Rotuli I, Lincolnscir, Balteslawe Wapentak, p. 8.

[108] CP III 167.

[109] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Greenfield, 150, p. 99.

[110] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1864) Annales Monastici Vol. I, Annales de Margan, Annales de Theokesberia, Annales de Burton (London), Annales de Theokesberia, p. 54.

[111] Annales Cestrienses, p. 20.

[112] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 281.

[113] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Greenfield, 150, p. 99.

[114] Annales Cestrienses, p. 24.

[115] Annales Cestrienses, p. 26.

[116] CP III 167.

[117] Annales Cestrienses, p. 26.

[118] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[119] Annales Cestrienses, p. 28.

[120] Annales Cestrienses, p. 24.

[121] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.

[122] Barraclough (1988), 206, p. 208.

[123] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli I, Lincolnscir, Jerene Wapentak, p. 8.

[124] Barraclough (1988), 193, p. 198.

[125] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1864) Annales Monastici Vol. I, Annales de Margan, Annales de Theokesberia, Annales de Burton (London) Annales de Burton, p. 244.

[126] Annales Cestrienses, p. 54.

[127] So named after his birth place, Oswestry being know also as "Album Monasterium" or "Blonde Ville", CP III 167.

[128] Annales Cestrienses, p. 24.

[129] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[130] Annales Cestrienses, p. 40.

[131] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1219, MGH SS XXIII, p. 908.

[132] Annales Cestrienses, p. 50.

[133] CP III 168.

[134] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[135] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1866) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, Annales Monasterii de Bermundeseia (London), Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 130.

[136] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 87.

[137] Annales Cestrienses, p. 58.

[138] Annales Cestrienses, p. 40.

[139] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1185, MGH SS XXIII, p. 859.

[140] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1874) Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (London) (“Matthew Paris”), Vol. II, 1168, pp. 244-5.

[141] Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ post conquestum Angliæ, RHGF XII, p. 569.

[142] Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ post conquestum Angliæ, RHGF XII, p. 569.

[143] Annales de Burton, p. 208.

[144] Annales Cestrienses, p. 46.

[145] Duffus Hardy, T. (ed.) (1837) Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi, Vol. I, Part I 1199-1216 (London) ("Rotuli Chartarum"), 5 John, p. 104.

[146] Annales de Burton, p. 305.

[147] Maxwell Lyte, H. C. (ed.) (1904) Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III (London), 779, p. 258.

[148] Morice, H. (1742) Mémoires pour servir de preuves à l’histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Bretagne, Tome I (Paris), col. 830.

[149] Morice (1742), Tome I, col. 878.

[150] ES X 14.

[151] Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ post conquestum Angliæ, RHGF XII, p. 569.

[152] Annales Cestrienses, p. 24.

[153] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1882) Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London), Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[154] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1847) Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, The Chronicle of the reigns of Henry II and Richard I 1169-1192, known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough (London) (“Benedict of Peterborough”) Vol. 2 1190, p. 146.

[155] Dowden, J. (ed.) (1903) Chartulary of the Abbey of Lindores, Publications of the Scottish History Society Vol. XLII (Edinburgh) ("Lindores"), II, p. 2.

[156] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 163.

[157] Annales Cestrienses, p. 58.

[158] Stevenson, J. (trans.) (1991) A Medieval Chronicle of Scotland: The Chronicle of Melrose (Llanerch Press reprint), 1190, p. 27.

[159] Barraclough (1988), 187, p. 192.

[160] Barraclough (1988), 189, p. 194.

[161] Domesday Descendants, p. 228 (no precise citation reference).

[162] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[163] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 161.

[164] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[165] CP IV 196.

[166] Annales de Burton, p. 285.

[167] Birth date range estimated from the birth dates of her older siblings and the date of death of her father.

[168] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[169] CP III 168.

[170] Beamont, W. (ed.) (1869) Tracts written in the controversy respecting the legitimacy of Amicia daughter of Hugh Cyveliok Earl of Chester, Chetham Society Vol. LXXVIII (“Amicia Tracts (1869)”), pp. 19-20.

[171] Barraclough (1988), 193, p. 198.

[172] Amicia Tracts (1869), p. 20.

[173] Amicia Tracts (1869), p. 20.

[174] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[175] Barraclough (1988), 150, p. 157.

[176] Barraclough (1988), 175, p. 179.

[177] Barraclough (1988), 189, p. 194.

[178] Barraclough (1988), 177, p. 181, citing Coss, P. R. (1986) The Early Records of Medieval Coventry, 6, p. 14.

[179] CP XII/2 274, citing Christopher Hatton’s Book of Seals, nos. 515 and 517 [not yet consulted].

[180] CP VI 451.

[181] Florence of Worcester 1057, pp. 159-60.

[182] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 77.

[183] Florence of Worcester 1055, p. 157.

[184] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres (Paris) (“Chartres Saint-Père”), Vol. I, Cap. XLVI, p. 173.

[185] Stevenson, J. (trans.) (1855) The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham (London) (“Simeon of Durham”), Vol. I, p. 535.

[186] Garmonsway, G. N. (trans) (1972) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Dent) D, 1052 [1051].

[187] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, E, 1052.

[188] Florence of Worcester 1055, p. 157.

[189] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, C, D, 1055.

[190] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, D, 1057.

[191] Domesday Translation, Buckinghamshire, XVI, pp. 407-8.

[192] Bannister, A. T. (1902) The History of Ewias Harold (Hereford), p. 20.

[193] Bannister (1902), p. 20.

[194] Domesday Translation, Middlesex, IX, Ossulstone Hundred, p. 365.

[195] Freeman, E. A. (1877) The History of the Norman Conquest of England, its causes and its results 3rd Edn. (Oxford), Vol. II, Appendix, Note LL, p. 683, citing Domesday, 129 b, 169, 177, 244.

[196] Domesday Translation, Gloucestershire, LXI, p. 468.

[197] Bannister (1902), p. 21.

[198] Dugdale Monasticon I, Gloucester Monastery, XIII, p. 546.

[199] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXXVIII, p. 288.

[200] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book V, p. 123.

[201] Deville, A. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité du Mont de Rouen, Collection des cartularies de France Tome III (same volume as Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin) (Paris) ("Rouen Sainte-Trinité"), IV, p. 424.

[202] Monstier, A. de (1663) Neustria Pia, seu de omnibus et singulis abbatiis et prioratibus totius Normanniæ (Rouen) ("Neustria Pia"), p. 535.

[203] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 24, p. 27.

[204] Marchegay, M. P. (ed.) ‘Chartes normandes de l’abbaye de Saint-Florent près Saumur’, Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de la Normandie, Tome XXX (1880) ("Saint-Florent Saumur (Chartes normandes)"), 6, p. 670.

[205] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book III, p. 13, citing in footnote 4 Fauroux n^o. 120 and William of Jumièges.

[206] Delisle, L. (1867) Histoire du château et des sires de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (Valognes), Pièces justificatives, 24, p. 27.

[207] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 30, p. 33.

[208] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XLIX, p. 447.

[209] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXVII, p. 152.

[210] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[211] Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[212] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[213] Extrait de la Chronique de Normandie, RHGF XIII, p. 240.

[214] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XLVII, p. 446.

[215] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 1.

[216] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, LV, p. 450.

[217] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, V, pp. 187-8.

[218] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 6.

[219] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 217.

[220] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VIII, pp. 234-6.

[221] Ex Chronico Lyrensi, RHGF XII, p. 776.

[222] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 198.

[223] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 485.

[224] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[225] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[226] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[227] Neustria Pia, p. 535.

[228] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 198.

[229] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 474.

[230] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 489.

[231] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1865) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales de Wintonia, Annales de Waverleia (London), Annales de Wintonia, p. 29.

[232] Malmesbury, 256, p. 242.

[233] Annales Flandriæ, cited in CP VI 448 footnote m.

[234] Marchandisse, A. (ed.) (1991) L'obituaire de la cathédrale Saint-Lambert de Liège (Brussels), p. 36.

[235] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book V, p. 131.

[236] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXV, p. 281.

[237] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 30, p. 33.

[238] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, LV, p. 450.

[239] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 245.

[240] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 187 and 215.

[241] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VIII, p. 236.

[242] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, X, p. 380.

[243] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 215-7.

[244] Bonnin, T. (ed.) (1870) Cartulaire de Louviers (Evreux) ("Louviers"), Tome I, III, p. 9.

[245] Bourrienne, V. (ed.) (1902) Antiquus cartularios ecclesiæ Baiocensis (Livre noir) (Rouen, Paris) ("Bayeux (Livre noir)", Tome I, VI, p. 10.

[246] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, X, p. 321.

[247] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XII, pp. 335-6.

[248] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 348.

[249] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 154.

[250] Ex Chronico Lyrensi, RHGF XII, p. 776.

[251] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 484.

[252] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[253] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCXLIV, p. 375.

[254] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 457, specifying that he died in the beginning of Lent.

[255] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[256] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 211-15.

[257] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 20 and 22.

[258] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[259] CP XI Appendix D, 114.

[260] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 279.

[261] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 215.

[262] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 279.

[263] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 457.

[264] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 277.

[265] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 211-13.

[266] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 211-13.

[267] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XII, pp. 335-6.

[268] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[269] Depoin, J. (ed.) (1895) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (Pontoise) (“Pontoise Saint-Martin”), LVI, p. 50.

[270] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXV, p. 281.

[271] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VIII, p. 236.

[272] Orderic Vitalis Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319 and CP VI 449-50.

[273] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 10.

[274] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 20.

[275] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[276] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[277] Chibnall, Orderic, Vol. II, p. 319 footnote 5.

[278] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Godestow Nunnery, Oxfordshire, VII, p. 364.

[279] Round, J. H. (1901) Studies in Peerage and Family History (New York), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[280] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Godestow Nunnery, Oxfordshire, VII, p. 364.

[281] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[282] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 281.

[283] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[284] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 278.

[285] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[286] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[287] Domesday Descendants, p. 942.

[288] Turner, W. H. (ed.) (1878) Calendar of Charters and Rolls preserved in the Bodleian library (London) ("Bodleian Charters"), Oxfordshire charters 155, p. 279.

[289] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VIII regis Ricardi scutagium Normanniæ ad XXs, p. 113.

[290] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 199, quoting Fine Roll, 9 John, m. 11, p. 382.

[291] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. III, 1450, p. 396.

[292] Bevan, R. ‘Lost in Time: The Other Daughter of Hamelin de Ballon’, Foundations, Vol. 3, no. 3 (Jan 2010), p. 185, citing Rotuli Hundredorum, I, 76.

[293] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 439.

[294] Testa de Nevill, Part II, p. 715.

[295] Testa de Nevill, Part II, p. 731.

[296] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 139, p. 33.

[297] Birth date estimated from the birth of her son in [1289].

[298] CP I 347, although she is not listed among the children of Edmund Mortimer and his wife Margaret de Fiennes in CP IX 283 footnote m.

[299] CP I 346.

[300] She is not listed among the children of Roger de Mortimer in CP IX 281 footnote c.

[301] CP I 347 footnote e, where Edmund is called "her father" but this is chronologically impossible, as shown above, if the birth date of her son is correct.

[302] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[303] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, pp. 296-7.

[304] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, pp. 296-7.

[305] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[306] Round (1901), IV, The Family of Ballon and the Conquest of South Wales, p. 201.

[307] The date Orderic Vitalis wrote Book IV of his History in which he refers to Roger by name, Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[308] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[309] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXV, p. 281.

[310] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[311] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 10.

[312] Annales de Wintonia, p. 31.

[313] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1076 [1075], and E, 1076 [1075].

[314] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XV, p. 299.

[315] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[316] Ellis, A. S. ‘On the Landholders of Gloucestershire named in Domesday Book’, Maclean, J. (ed.) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archæological Society (Bristol, 1879-80), Vol. IV, p. 162.

[317] Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1858) Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon (London), Vol. II, p. 1.

[318] Hart, W. H. (ed.) (1863) Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriæ (London) ("Gloucester St Peter"), Vol. I, Appendix to Introduction, p. lxxvi.

[319] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, p. 81.

[320] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, LXXV, p. 188.

[321] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, CCCXLVII, p. 349.

[322] CP VI 451-2 footnote g.

[323] Domesday Translation, Hampshire, XLVII, p. 117, Gloucestershire, LVI, p. 467.

[324] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, CCCXVI, p. 334.

[325] CP VI 451-2 footnote g.

[326] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, p. 118.

[327] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[328] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, Appendix, CXXXIV, p. 341.

[329] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, p. 123.

[330] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, CLXVII, p. 246.

[331] Round, J. H. (ed.) (1888) Ancient Charters Royal and Private prior to A.D. 1200 (London) ("Ancient Charters (Round)"), Part I, 10, p. 18.

[332] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 11, p. 19.

[333] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 13, p. 24.

[334] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, CLXVII, p. 246.

[335] CP VI 451-2 footnote g.

[336] CP VI 451-2 footnote g.

[337] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, III, p. 616.

[338] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[339] CP VI 452 footnote b.

[340] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 12, p. 20.

[341] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, pp. 21-2, citing Cotton Charter, XI, 60, and Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, Appendix, CXXXIV, p. 341.

[342] Dugdale Monasticon III, Great Malvern Priory, Worcestershire, IV, p. 448.

[343] Dugdale Monasticon II, Evesham Monastery, Worcestershire XXXII, De Abbatibus Eveshamiæ post Conquestum, p. 26.

[344] Dugdale Monasticon II, Evesham Monastery, Worcestershire XXXVI, Analecta ex Registro de Evesham…de Actis Abbatum, p. 37.

[345] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, p. 118.

[346] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 11, p. 19.

[347] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, Appendix to Introduction, p. lxxvi.

[348] Domesday Translation, Hampshire, XXXVII, p. 115, Wiltshire, XXX, p. 184, Gloucestershire, LIII, p. 466, Herefordshire, XXII, p. 514.

[349] Domesday Translation, Gloucestershire, III, p. 453.

[350] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[351] Gloucester St Peter, Vol. I, CLXVII, p. 246.

[352] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 13, p. 24.

[353] CP VI 452 footnote b.

[354] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 23.

[355] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, III, p. 136.

[356] CP VI 453.

[357] CP I 20, where it is said that the relationship between Brien FitzCount, or his wife, and Earl Miles (if any) has not been proved.

[358] Sewell, R. C. (ed.) (1846) Gesta Stephani, Regis Anglorum et Ducis Normannorum (London) ("Gesta Stephani Regis") I, p. 15.

[359] Gesta Stephani Regis II, pp. 93 and 101.

[360] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[361] Dugdale Monasticon III, Brecknock Priory I, Quædam de Loco, et Dominis eius Historica, p. 263.

[362] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[363] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 6, p. 8.

[364] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, III, p. 136.

[365] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[366] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[367] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 11, p. 19.

[368] Dugdale Monasticon V, Farleigh Priory, Wiltshire, I, p. 26.

[369] CP VI 457 footnote e.

[370] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 42.

[371] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[372] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[373] Stenton, D. M. (ed.) (1928) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 6th year of King Richard I, Pipe Roll Society, Vol. XLIII (New Series, Vol. V) (London) (“Pipe Roll 1194”), Gloucestershire, pp. 234, 237, 239.

[374] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 7.

[375] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[376] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, III, p. 136.

[377] Gesta Stephani Regis II, p. 101.

[378] Crawley-Boevey, A. W. (1887) The Cartulary and Historical Notes of the Cistercian Abbey of Flaxley otherwise called Dene Abbey (Exeter) (“Flaxley (Dene)”), Introduction, pp. vi-vii, and pp. 1-3.

[379] CP VI 454-6.

[380] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1879) The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, Vol. I (London) (“Gervase”), p. 161.

[381] Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ, p. 88.

[382] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 48.

[383] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[384] CP VI 455 footnote a, citing Round Ancient Charters no. 22.

[385] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire, I, Historia Fundationis eiusdem, p. 262.

[386] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 21, p. 35.

[387] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 671, p. 393.

[388] Somerset Record Society (1894) Two Cartularies of the Augustinian Priory of Bruton and the Cluniac Priory of Montacute in the county of Somerset (London) ("Bruton"), 148, p. 34.

[389] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 70.

[390] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VIII regis Ricardi scutagium Normanniæ ad XXs, p. 96.

[391] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[392] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, III, p. 136.

[393] Dugdale Monasticon III, Brecknock Priory III, p. 264.

[394] Gesta Stephani Regis II, pp. 118-9.

[395] CP VI 456.

[396] CP I 21.

[397] Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ, p. 88.

[398] Domesday Descendants, p. 512.

[399] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[400] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, III, p. 136.

[401] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[402] CP I 21.

[403] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[404] Red Book Exchequer, p. 294.

[405] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[406] Dugdale Monasticon III, Brecknock Priory VII, p. 265.

[407] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[408] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[409] CP I 21, which does not cite the primary source on which this information is based.

[410] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[411] Dugdale Monasticon III, Brecknock Priory I, Quædam de Loco, et Dominis eius Historica, p. 264.

[412] Saint-Florent Saumur (Chartes normandes), 20 bis, p. 689.

[413] Domesday Descendants, p. 346.

[414] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[415] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 7.

[416] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 39.

[417] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 152, citing Testa de Nevill, p. 42.

[418] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[419] Planché, J. R. ‘The Genealogy and Armorial Bearings of the Earls of Hereford’, Journal of the British Archæological Association, Vol. 27 (1871), p. 183.

[420] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[421] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[422] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 42, p. 46.

[423] Domesday Translation, Norfolk, XL, p. 1171.

[424] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[425] Stapleton, T. (1844) Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ sub Regibus Angliæ (London) ("Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ"), Vol. II, p. xxiii.

[426] Round (1899) 90, p. 26.

[427] Round (1899) 90, p. 26.

[428] Round (1899) 90, p. 26.

[429] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxiii.

[430] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxiii.

[431] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxv.

[432] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 42, p. 46.

[433] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[434] Round (1899) 1214, p. 438.

[435] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxvi, citing Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 18 (not yet consulted).

[436] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[437] Domesday Descendants, p. 331, citing "Cart. Sées, Arch. dept. de l’Orne, H938, fol. 118v".

[438] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[439] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[440] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[441] Round (1899) 1213, p. 438.

[442] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XIV, p. 18.

[443] Domesday Descendants, p. 331.

[444] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XXXIV, p. 135.

[445] Hunter, J. (ed.) (1844) The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the second, third and fourth years of the reign of King Henry II 1155-1158 (London) ("Pipe Roll") 4 Hen II (1157), Oxfordshire, p. 149.

[446] Round (1899) 1215, p. 439.

[447] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 627.

[448] Domesday Descendants, p. 331, citing "BN lat. 5441.2, pp. 25-27".

[449] Domesday Descendants, p. 331, citing "BN lat. 5441.2, pp. 25-27".

[450] Round (1899) 971, p. 346.

[451] Pipe Roll Society, Vol. IX (1888) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 13th year of King Henry II (London) ("Pipe Roll 13 Hen II (1166/67)"), p. 9.

[452] Domesday Descendants, p. 331.

[453] Actes Henri II, Tome I, IX, p. 13.

[454] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XIV, p. 18.

[455] Domesday Descendants, p. 876.

[456] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxxii.

[457] Round (1899) 669, p. 237.

[458] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxvi.

[459] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 42, p. 46.

[460] Round (1899) 1214, p. 438.

[461] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxiii.

[462] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxiii.

[463] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 22.

[464] Thorney Abbey Liber Vitæ, fol. 2r, BL Add. MS 40,000, quoted in Keats-Rohan, K. 'Domesday People Revisited', Foundations, Vol. 4 (May 2012), p. 10.

[465] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[466] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 626, p. 28.

[467] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 826, p. 68.

[468] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1015, p. 107.

[469] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1207, p. 147.

[470] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1600, p. 230.

[471] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[472] CP XI 374 footnote e, citing Dugdale, Monasticon Vol. II, p. 67 (the reference does not appear on this page in the 1817/30 edition).

[473] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[474] Birth date range estimated from his holding the position of steward in 1131.

[475] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[476] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[477] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. xxvi, footnote e.

[478] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VIII regis Ricardi scutagium Normanniæ ad XXs, p. 113.

[479] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[480] Domesday Descendants, p. 332.

[481] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Dorsetshire, p. 14, Wiltshire, pp. 18, 22.

[482] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1693, p. 248.

[483] CP VI 457 footnote e.

[484] Domesday Descendants, p. 332.

[485] Actes Henri II, Tome I, III, p. 7.

[486] Pipe Roll 2 Hen II (1155), Wiltshire, p. 58.

[487] Pipe Roll 3 Hen II (1156) and 4 Hen II (1157), Wiltshire, pp. 78 and 116.

[488] Dugdale Monasticon V, Farleigh Priory, Wiltshire, I, p. 26.

[489] Pipe Roll Society, Vol. VIII (1887) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 11th year of King Henry II (London) ("Pipe Roll 11 Hen II (1164/65)"), p. 57.

[490] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Priory of Bergavenny or Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Cartæ I, p. 615.

[491] Dugdale Monasticon V, Farleigh Priory, Wiltshire, I, p. 26.

[492] CP VI 457 footnote e.

[493] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 42.

[494] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[495] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[496] Pipe Roll 1194, Gloucestershire, pp. 234, 237, 239.

[497] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 7.

[498] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[499] Pipe Roll 11 Hen II (1164/65), p. 57.

[500] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 628.

[501] CP VI 457-8 footnote e.

[502] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 104.

[503] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[504] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[505] Benedict of Peterborough I 1186, p. 361.

[506] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli V, Norffolk, p. 33.

[507] Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ post conquestum Angliæ, RHGF XII, p. 569.

[508] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[509] Annales de Burton, p. 209.

[510] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[511] Evans, C. F. H. 'Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany', Adhémar de Panat, Comte d’and Ghellinck Vaernewyck, X. de (eds.) (1971) Mélanges offerts à Szabolcs de Vajay à l’occasion de son cinquantième anniversaire (Braga), pp. 187-91, in Edwards, S. (ed.) (2003) Complete Works of Charles Evans, Genealogy and related topics (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy) ("Evans (2003)"), p. 121, quoting P.R.O., C 115/a 1, I, no. 43.

[512] Evans (2003), pp. 121-2.

[513] Salazar y Castro, L. (1694) Pruebas de la Casa de Lara (Madrid) ("Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas"), p. 15.

[514] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 16.

[515] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 17.

[516] Domesday Descendants, p. 332, citing Walker, David 'Charters of the Earldom of Hereford', Camden Miscellany 4^th series 1 (London, 1964), n^o. 91 [not yet consulted].

[517] Domesday Descendants, p. 333, citing Walker 'Charters of the Earldom of Hereford', n^o. 91 [not yet consulted].

[518] Birth date estimated from Matilda having at least two children by her first husband, who died in 1163.

[519] Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem, Vol. 1, n^o. 558, cited in Phillips, C. (ed.) Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, Vol. XII/2, pp. 363-5, at <http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/> (26 Apr 2004).

[520] Curiæ Regis Rolls, Vol. I, 6 Ric I, p. 20.

[521] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 558, p. 168.

[522] Pipe Roll 11 Hen II (1164/65), p. 71.

[523] Pipe Roll Society (1894) Feet of Fines of the reign of Henry II and of the first seven years of Richard I 1182 to 1196 (London), 114, p. 99.

[524] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, p. 5.

[525] Domesday Descendants, p. 332.

[526] CP XII/2 363.

[527] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[528] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 94.

[529] CP VI 458.

[530] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1220, p. 60.

[531] Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1875) Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum (London), p. 188.

[532] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[533] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[534] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[535] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[536] Maxwell Lyte, H. C. (ed.) (1901) Patent Rolls of the reign of Henry III preserved in the Public Record Office 1215-1225 (London), p. 242.

[537] CP VI 459.

[538] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 377.

[539] Maxwell Lyte, H. C. (ed.) (1903) Patent Rolls of the reign of Henry III preserved in the Public Record Office 1225-1232 (London), p. 179.

[540] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 144.

[541] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[542] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[543] CP VI 461.

[544] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[545] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 119.

[546] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[547] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterio ulteriores portus, p. 452.

[548] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[549] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[550] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[551] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[552] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[553] Sweetman, H. S. (ed.) (1875) Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland preserved in the Public Record Office 1171-1251 (Vol. I) (London), 2804, p. 419.

[554] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[555] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 169.

[556] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[557] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[558] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 339.

[559] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[560] CP VI 464.

[561] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[562] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[563] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[564] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[565] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[566] CP VI 462.

[567] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[568] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 654, p. 205.

[569] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, pp. 134 and 135.

[570] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[571] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XX, p. 168.

[572] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 587, p. 187.

[573] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 534, p. 323.

[574] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[575] CP VI 463 footnote g, citing Lambeth Library, Carew MS, n^o. 613, fol. 66.

[576] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[577] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[578] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[579] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 654, p. 205.

[580] CP VI 464.

[581] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[582] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1869) Annales Monastici Vol. IV, Annales de Oseneia, Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, Annales de Wigornia (London), Annales de Wigornia, p. 540.

[583] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[584] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[585] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. II (1906), p. 191.

[586] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[587] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[588] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[589] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 228.

[590] Bruch, H. (ed.) (1973) Chronologia Johannis de Beke (The Hague), 74e and 77b, pp. 229 and 253, available at <http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten /KroniekVanJohannesDeBekeTot1430/latijn> (31 Aug 2006).

[591] Rymer, T. (1745) Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ 3rd Edn (London), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 17.

[592] Annales Londonienses, p. 129.

[593] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e and 77b, pp. 229 and 253.

[594] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[595] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 140.

[596] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[597] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[598] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[599] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[600] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[601] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[602] CP VI 471.

[603] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 140.

[604] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[605] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[606] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[607] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[608] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[609] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[610] CP VI 472.

[611] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 140.

[612] Nicolas, N. H. (1826) Testamenta Vetusta, Vol. I (London), p. 66.

[613] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[614] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[615] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[616] CP VI 471.

[617] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[618] CP VI 469 footnote j.

[619] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[620] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[621] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[622] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 66.

[623] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[624] Dugdale Monasticon V, Ford Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[625] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 66.

[626] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[627] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[628] CP VI 469 footnote j.

[629] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[630] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[631] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 140.

[632] Horwood, A. J. (ed. & trans.) (1879) Year Books of the Reign of King Edward I, Year XXXIII, XXXIV and XXXV (London), pp. 170-1.

[633] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[634] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[635] CP VI 472.

[636] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[637] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[638] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 60.

[639] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[640] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[641] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 60.

[642] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 66.

[643] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 89.

[644] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 141.

[645] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[646] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[647] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 89.

[648] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[649] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 105.

[650] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[651] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[652] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 146.

[653] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[654] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[655] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[656] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 60.

[657] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 66.

[658] CP VI 640.

[659] Who ultimately became Earl of Oxford.

[660] CP II 493.

[661] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 323, and Florence of Worcester, 1075, p. 179.

[662] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1868) Chronica, Magistri Rogeri de Houedene (London) (“Roger of Hoveden”), Vol. I, p. 59.

[663] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, p. 19.

[664] Laing, S. (trans.) (1907) Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings Snorre (Norroena Society, London), Saga of Olaf Haraldson Part IV, 162, available at Online Medieval and Classical Library Release 15b, <http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/> (24 Jan 2003).

[665] Snorre, Saga of Harald Hardrade Part I, 87 and 88.

[666] Snorre, Saga of Harald Hardrade Part I, 100 and 101.

[667] Jonathan Allen, of Washington State, in a private email to the author dated 13 Feb 2008.

[668] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 1.

[669] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, I, p. 167.

[670] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, V, pp. 190-3 and 197.

[671] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[672] Simeon of Durham, p. 558.

[673] CP VI 639, Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, pp. 321 and 323.

[674] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, pp. 10 and 12.

[675] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[676] Dugdale Monasticon III, Elstow Priory, Bedfordshire, I, p. 413.

[677] CP I 351 footnote d, quoting from Stapleton, T. Archaeologia XXVI, pp. 358-60.

[678] Michel, F. (ed.) (1836) Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, Tome II (Rouen), Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis, p. 112.

[679] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, XIV, p. 265.

[680] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[681] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXII, p. 402.

[682] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1125, p. 172.

[683] Lawrie, A. C. (1905) Early Scottish Charters: Prior to A.D. 1153 (MacLehose) XXXV, p. 26.

[684] Early Scottish Charters L, p. 46.

[685] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 55.

[686] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[687] CP XII/1 762.

[688] Dugdale Monasticon VI.1, Christ Church, Aldgate, London, VI, p. 152.

[689] Dugdale Monasticon V, Priory of St Andrew, Northampton, I, Incipit de Fundatione Domus nostræ, p. 190.

[690] CP VI 640.

[691] Dugdale Monasticon V, Priory of St Andrew, Northampton, II, p. 190.

[692] Bath St Peter 42, p. 46.

[693] Dugdale Monasticon V, Priory of St Andrew, Northampton, I, Incipit de Fundatione Domus nostræ, p. 190.

[694] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[695] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXII, p. 402.

[696] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1125, p. 172.

[697] Early Scottish Charters XXXV, p. 26.

[698] Early Scottish Charters L, p. 46.

[699] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[700] Chronicle of Melrose, 1159, p. 11.

[701] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[702] Early Scottish Charters LXXXIII, p. 69.

[703] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Thornton Abbey, Lincolnshire, I, De Prima Fundatione, p. 326.

[704] Michel, F. (ed.) (1836) Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, Tome II (Rouen), Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis, p. 126.

[705] Chronicle of Melrose, 1148, p. 9.

[706] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[707] Dugdale Monasticon V, Davintre Priory, Northamptonshire, I, De prima Fundatione eiusdem, p. 178.

[708] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Dunmow Parva Priory, Essex, I, Historia Fundationis necnon Fundatorum et Benefactorum eiusdem domus, p. 147.

[709] CP XII/2 745, footnote e, citing Loyd, L. C. & Stenton, D. M. (1950) Christopher Hatton’s Book of Seals (Clarendon), no. 282 note [not yet consulted], and CP XII/2 746, footnote c quoting Loyd & Stenton (1950), no. 145.

[710] Pipe Roll 4 Hen II (1157), Essex and Hertfordshire, p. 133.

[711] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Dunmow Parva Priory, Essex, I, Historia Fundationis necnon Fundatorum et Benefactorum eiusdem domus, p. 147.

[712] Dugdale Monasticon V, Davintre Priory, Northamptonshire, I, De prima Fundatione eiusdem, p. 178.

[713] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[714] CP VI 643.

[715] Dugdale Monasticon V, Priory of St Andrew, Northampton, I, Incipit de Fundatione Domus nostræ, p. 190.

[716] Dugdale Monasticon V, Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, I, p. 208.

[717] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 273.

[718] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 48.

[719] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 274.

[720] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 325, p. 244.

[721] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 326, p. 245.

[722] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tykford Priory, Buckinghamshire, II, p. 203.

[723] Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis, p. 128.

[724] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 274.

[725] Hart, W. H. and Lyons, P. A. (ed.) (1884) Cartularium monasterii de Ramseia (London) (“Ramsey”) CXCIV, p. 255.

[726] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1156, p. 301.

[727] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[728] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 490.

[729] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Kirkstead, 205, p. 142.

[730] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[731] Dugdale Monasticon V, Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, II, p. 213.

[732] Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis, p. 128.

[733] Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis, p. 128.

[734] Mason, E. (ed.) (1980) The Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100-1268 (London, Pipe Roll Society NS 43) ("Beauchamp"), 177, p. 103.

[735] Ramsey CXCIV, p. 255.

[736] Dugdale Monasticon V, Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, II, p. 213.

[737] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[738] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, XV, p. 246.

[739] Forester, T. (trans.) (1854) The Chronicles of Florence of Worcester with two continuations (London), 1088, p. 186.

[740] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XVI, p. 275.

[741] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 99.

[742] CP VII 126.

[743] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, I, p. 167.

[744] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, p. 243, and Florence of Worcester, 1074, p. 178.

[745] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, p. 189, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 43, and Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, E, 1082 and 1086 [1087].

[746] Florence of Worcester, 1087, p. 185.

[747] Florence of Worcester, 1088, p. 186.

[748] CP VII 129.

[749] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber X, IV, p. 17.

[750] Willelmi Malmesbiriensis, Vol. II, Liber III, 277, p. 334.

[751] Ex obituario Gemmeticensi, RHGF XXIII, p. 417.

[752] Ellis, C. (1952) Hubert de Burgh, Appendix, pp. 183-202 (not yet consulted), cited in CP XII/2, p. 172 footnote f.

[753] CP VII 133 footnote a, quoting "Nero, E VII, f. 91".

[754] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2217, p. 329.

[755] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1243, p. 243.

[756] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 545.

[757] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 545.

[758] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 85.

[759] CP VII 134-40.

[760] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 179.

[761] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 130.

[762] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, p. 67.

[763] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 52.

[764] Maxwell Lyte, H. C. (ed.) (1903) Calendar of the Charter Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. I, Henry III 1226-1257 (London) ("Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257"), p. 54.

[765] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 133.

[766] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[767] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1865) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales de Wintonia, Annales de Waverleia (London), Annales de Waverleia, p. 289.

[768] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 45.

[769] Annales Londonienses, p. 24.

[770] Turnbull, W. B. (1842) Extracta e Variis Cronicis Scocie, from the Ancient Manuscript in the Advocates Library at Edinburgh (Edinburgh) ("Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie"), p. 94.

[771] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 76.

[772] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 129.

[773] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 461, p. 127.

[774] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 873, p. 298.

[775] CP VII 142 footnote a.

[776] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 461, p. 127.

[777] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 873, p. 298.

[778] Moore, S. A. (ed.) (1897) Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Colecestria (London) (“Colchester St John”), Vol. I, p. 204.

[779] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 205.

[780] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 518.

[781] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 403.

[782] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1866) Annales Monastici Vol. III, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, Annales Monasterii de Bermundeseia (London), Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 464.

[783] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 142, p. 91.

[784] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 682, p. 526.

[785] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 205.

[786] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 518.

[787] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 349, p. 198.

[788] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 547, p. 330.

[789] Anderson, J. (ed.) (1899) Calendar of the Laing Charters (Edinburgh) ("Laing Charters"), 46, p. 13.

[790] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 349, p. 198.

[791] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 547, p. 330.

[792] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 349, p. 198.

[793] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 547, p. 330.

[794] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 349, p. 198.

[795] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1237, p. 386.

[796] Annales Londonienses, p. 34.

[797] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 103.

[798] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 528.

[799] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1216, p. 3.

[800] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 480.

[801] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 102.

[802] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 206.

[803] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1226, p. 102.

[804] Annales Londonienses, p. 29.

[805] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 125.

[806] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 77.

[807] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 102.

[808] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/27, 12 Hen III, 4.

[809] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 227.

[810] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 198.

[811] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[812] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 174.

[813] Annales Londonienses, p. 28.

[814] Blomefield, F. (1806) An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk, Vol. III. (London), p. 483.

[815] Annales de Waverleia, p. 302.

[816] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 69.

[817] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1236, p. 378.

[818] Blomefield (1806), Vol. V, p. 64.

[819] Annales de Wigornia, p. 550.

[820] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 149.

[821] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 472.

[822] Bond, E. A. (ed.) (1866) Chronica Monasterii de Melsa (London) ("Chronica Melsa"), Vol. I, IX, p. 100.

[823] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 71.

[824] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars II, p. 47.

[825] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars II, p. 47.

[826] Thomson, E. M. (1874) Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (London) (“Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (1874)), p. 50.

[827] Sauerland, H. V. (1905) Urkunden und Regesten zur Geschichte der Rheinlande aus dem vatikanischen Archiv (Bonn) (“Rheinlande Vatikanischen”), Band III, 715, p. 285.

[828] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 179.

[829] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 213.

[830] Placita de quo waranto (London, 1818), p. 228.

[831] CP VI 528.

[832] Farrer, W. (ed.) (1899) Final Concords of the County of Lancaster, Part I, Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society, Vol. XXXIX, no. 162, p. 131.

[833] Farrer (1899), p. 131, footnote 1, citing Foreign Accounts Roll, no. 1.

[834] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. V, Edward II, 279, p. 153.

[835] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[836] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. V, Edward II, 458, p. 255.

[837] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VII, Edward III, 371, 442, pp. 267 and 442.

[838] Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (1874), p. 50.

[839] Morice, H. (1742) Mémoires pour servir de preuves à l’histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Bretagne, Tome I (Paris), Chronicon Britanicum, col. 114.

[840] Morice (1744), Tome II, col. 478.

[841] CP V 196-8.

[842] Armitage-Smith, S. (1904) John of Gaunt (Westminster), Appendix (v), p. 464, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).

[843] Armitage-Smith (1904), Appendix (v), p. 464, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).

[844] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 140.

[845] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[846] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 192, footnote 2.

[847] CP V 206.

[848] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[849] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[850] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[851] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 281.

[852] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[853] According to CP V 214.

[854] CP V 213-5.

[855] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. IV, p. 297.

[856] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. IV, p. 297.

[857] Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1864) Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the reign of Henry VI King of England (London), Vol. II, Part II, Annales Wilhelmi Wyrcester, 1466, p. [786].

[858] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[859] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 264.

[860] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars III, p. 88.

[861] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 139.

[862] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[863] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[864] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 139.

[865] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 179.

[866] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 139.

[867] CP VII 157.

[868] CP VII 158-9.

[869] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 179.

[870] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 354.

[871] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. II, p. 296.

[872] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 205.

[873] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[874] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, pp. 62-3.

[875] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[876] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. II, p. 296.

[877] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 174.

[878] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 194.

[879] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[880] CP VII 156 footnote e.

[881] Prarond, E. (ed.) (1899) Chronicon Centulense ou Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier, traduction d'Hariulfe par le Marquis Le Ver (Abbeville) ("Saint-Riquier"), IV, XXIII, p. 252.

[882] CP IX 569-70.

[883] Saint-Riquier, IV, XXIV, p. 255.

[884] CP IX 571.

[885] Saint-Riquier, IV, XXIV, p. 255.

[886] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[887] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 10.

[888] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1076 [1075], and E, 1076 [1075].

[889] CP IX 574 and Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[890] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[891] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1076 [1075], and E, 1076 [1075].

[892] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXV, p. 281.

[893] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[894] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 10.

[895] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1076 [1075], and E, 1076 [1075].

[896] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.

[897] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[898] CP IX 574 footnote n.

[899] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 331.

[900] CP VII 530.

[901] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 325.

[902] Nichols, J. (1804) The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester (London), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[903] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 473.

[904] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, p. 507, cited in CP IX 574 footnote n.

[905] Domesday Translation, Suffolk, VI, p. 1215.

[906] Domesday Translation, Suffolk, VII, p. 1225.

[907] Métais, C. (ed.) (1893) Cartulaire de l’abbaye cardinale de la Trinité de Vendôme (Paris) ("Vendôme La Trinité"), Tome I, VII, p. 18.

[908] Charles, R. and Menjot d’Elbenne (eds.) (1886) Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Vincent du Mans (Mamer, Le Mans) ("Le Mans Saint-Vincent"), Liber primus, 234, p. 143.

[909] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 237, p. 145.

[910] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 237, p. 145.

[911] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 307, p. 182.

[912] Vendôme La Trinité, Tome I, VII, p. 18.

[913] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 41, p. 35.

[914] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XVI, p. 275.

[915] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 41, p. 35.

[916] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 43, p. 35.

[917] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 43, p. 35.

[918] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 122, p. 81.

[919] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 147.

[920] Domesday Translation, Norfolk, pp. 1098-1112, Suffolk, VII, pp. 1220-9.

[921] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Cathedral Priory of Norwich, III, p. 15.

[922] Bath St Peter 42, p. 46.

[923] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, I, p. 148.

[924] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 431.

[925] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 55.

[926] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 148.

[927] CP IX 578 footnote a.

[928] CP IX 578.

[929] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Lincolnshire, p. 114.

[930] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, XII, p. 291.

[931] Cluny V.3748, p. 102.

[932] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, I, p. 148.

[933] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 55.

[934] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 148.

[935] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 74.

[936] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 148.

[937] CP IX 579 footnote c, and 578 footnote a.

[938] Domesday Descendants, p. 174.

[939] CP IX 578 footnote c, citing MS at Norfolk House.

[940] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, p. 142, quoting a list of benefactors given by "Martin…from the manuscript in the Cottonian collection formerly marked Vitellius F. IV but which was burnt in the fire of 1731".

[941] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, VIII, p. 151.

[942] Dugdale Monasticon III, St Neot’s, Huntingdonshire, VII, p. 472.

[943] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 156.

[944] Domesday Descendants, p. 174.

[945] The death date range stated in Domesday Descendants, p. 174, but he must have died during the earlier part of the period given his widow's second marriage and death of her second husband estimated at [1137].

[946] Domesday Descendants, pp. 174 and 685.

[947] Domesday Descendants, p. 174.

[948] Dugdale Monasticon III, Wymondham Monastery, Norfolk, III, p. 330.

[949] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, XII, p. 291.

[950] Thorney Abbey Liber Vitæ, fol. 2r, BL Add. MS 40,000, quoted in Keats-Rohan, K. 'Domesday People Revisited', Foundations, Vol. 4 (May 2012), p. 10.

[951] Dugdale Monasticon II, Thorney Monastery, Cambridgeshire, XXII, p. 603.

[952] Dugdale Monasticon II, Thorney Monastery, Cambridgeshire, XXIII, p. 603.

[953] Dugdale Monasticon II, Belvoir Monastery, Lincolnshire, IX, p. 290.

[954] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, IX, p. 290.

[955] CP IX 578 footnote c.

[956] Domesday Translation, Norfolk, p. 1104.

[957] Esserent Saint-Leu, III, p. 5.

[958] Lot. F. (1913) Etudes critiques sur l’abbaye de Saint-Wandrille, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes, 204^e fascicule (Paris), Appendice, (“Saint-Wandrille”), 45, p. 101.

[959] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 148.

[960] Lot, F. (1913) Etudes critiques sur l’abbaye de Saint-Wandrille (Paris), 45, p. 101.

[961] CP IX 578 footnote c.

[962] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 148.

[963] CP IX 579 footnote c, and 578 footnote a.

[964] Ancient Charters (Round), Part I, 10, p. 18.

[965] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 19.

[966] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 66.

[967] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[968] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, Hundredum de Tendringe, p. 38.

[969] CP IX 585 footnote c, citing Stowe MS 924 [excerpts from Cartularies, anno 1627], ff. 61 d, 61, 74 d.

[970] CP IX 585 footnote d, citing Rotuli de Dominabus, p. 71, and Cartulary of Colne Priory, Cole’s Transcript, B.M. Add. MSS. 5860, n^o. 21 – on p. 227.

[971] CP IX 586 footnote b, citing Gesta Henrici, Vol. I, p. 144, and Carta Regis Rolls, Vol. I, p. 93.

[972] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Bungay Nunnery, Suffolk, I, p. 338.

[973] CP IX 585.

[974] Farrer, W. (ed.) (1902) The Lancashire Pipe Rolls, also Early Lancashire Charters (Liverpool), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[975] CP IX 585 footnote e.

[976] Dugdale Monasticon V, Furness Abbey, Lancashire, X, p. 248.

[977] CP IX 585 footnote e.

[978] CP IX 585 footnote e, citing Red Book of the Exchequer, p. 325.

[979] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 66.

[980] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 76.

[981] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[982] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[983] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[984] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[985] London, V. C. M. (1979) The Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Record Society), nos. 481 and 646, p. 9 [available in Google Book, snippet view].

[986] Bevan, R. ‘The Durham Liber Vitæ’, Foundations, Vol. 1, no. 6 (Jul 2005), p. 429, citing Phair, R. ‘William Longespée, Ralph Bigod, and Countess Ida’, The American Genealogist, 77 (2002), pp. 279-81, quoting Baldwin, J. W., Gasparri, F. & Nortier, M. (1992) Les registres to Philippe Auguste [not yet consulted].

[987] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[988] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[989] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[990] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[991] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[992] Bevan ‘The Durham Liber Vitæ’, p. 429, citing Phair, R. ‘William Longespée, Ralph Bigod, and Countess Ida’, The American Genealogist, 77 (2002), pp. 279-81, quoting Baldwin, J. W., Gasparri, F. & Nortier, M. (1992) Les registres to Philippe Auguste [not yet consulted].

[993] Early Yorkshire Charters I, 626, p. 493.

[994] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[995] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[996] FitzHerbert, R. H. C. ‘Original Pedigree of Tailbois and Neville’, Selby, W. D. (ed.) The Genealogist New Series, Vol. III (1886, London), p. 32.

[997] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[998] Burke’s Dormant and Extinct Peerages (London, 1883), p. 266.

[999] Dugdale (1675/76) Baronage, p. 574, available at <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A36794.0001.001/1:6.207?rgn=div2;view=fulltext> (23 Jul 2016).

[1000] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, p. 107.

[1001] CP X 210.

[1002] CP IX 586 footnote b, citing Gesta Henrici, Vol. I, p. 144, and Carta Regis Rolls, Vol. I, p. 93.

[1003] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[1004] CP IX 586 footnote e, citing Pipe Roll, 2 Ric I, p. 101 [not yet consulted].

[1005] Domesday Descendants, p. 175.

[1006] Maitland, F. W. (ed.) (1887) Bracton’s Note Book, a Collection of Cases…annotated…by Henry of Bratton (London) ("Bracton’s Note Book"), Vol. II, 89, p. 80.

[1007] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 497.

[1008] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[1009] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 94.

[1010] Annales de Waverleia, p. 300.

[1011] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1012] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 90.

[1013] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 94.

[1014] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[1015] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, pp. 270 and 271.

[1016] CP XII/2 248.

[1017] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1018] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 205.

[1019] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1869) Annales Monastici Vol. IV, Annales de Oseneia, Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, Annales de Wigornia (London), Annales de Oseneia, p. 235.

[1020] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 744, p. 239.

[1021] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 525.

[1022] Roberts, C. (ed.) (1835) Excerpta e Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi (London) (“Excerpta e Rotulis Finium”), Vol. I, p. 128.

[1023] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1253, p. 382.

[1024] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1025] Testa de Nevill, Part 2, Appendix, p. 1393.

[1026] Maitland Club (1839) Chronicon de Lanercost (Edinburgh) ("Lanercost Chronicle"), 1247, p. 54.

[1027] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 195, p. 120.

[1028] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 744, p. 239.

[1029] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 205.

[1030] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire II, p. 269.

[1031] CP IX 595.

[1032] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 807, p. 272.

[1033] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 389, p. 227.

[1034] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 243.

[1035] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire II, p. 269.

[1036] CP IX 596 footnote d.

[1037] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. III (1908), p. 34.

[1038] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. III (1908), p. 34.

[1039] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. III (1908), p. 34.

[1040] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. III (1908), p. 34.

[1041] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[1042] CP VII 354, footnote k, which gives no citation reference.

[1043] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1044] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1045] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1046] Annales de Wigornia, p. 545.

[1047] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 149.

[1048] CP XIV 503.

[1049] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 352.

[1050] The legal arguments for and against her succession are set out in CP IX p 599 footnote. Whatever the legal niceties, she was referred to during her lifetime as Ctss of Norfolk.

[1051] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 85.

[1052] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 85.

[1053] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 85.

[1054] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1055] CP IX 85 footnote c.

[1056] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 326.

[1057] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), 464, p. 342.

[1058] Shirley, W. W. (ed.) (1862) Royal and other historical letters illustrative of the reign of Henry III (London) ("Letters Henry III") Vol. I, CCCLXXII, p. 444.

[1059] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1241, p. 174.

[1060] Annales Cestrienses, p. 62.

[1061] CP XI 601, cting Nichols, J. (1795) The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, Vol. II, Part I, Appendix, p. 113 [not yet consulted]

[1062] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 412.

[1063] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 332, p. 276.

[1064] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 412.

[1065] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 359.

[1066] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. III, 1106, p. 123.

[1067] Letters Henry III, Vol. I, CCCLXXII, p. 444.

[1068] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 193.

[1069] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 334, p. 89.

[1070] Reedy, W. T. (ed.) (1995) Basset Charters c 1120 to 1250, Pipe Roll Society NS Vol. L (London) ("Basset Charters"), 137, p. 82.

[1071] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 334, p. 89.

[1072] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 334, p. 89.

[1073] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1074] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1075] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, VIII, p. 296.

[1076] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Yorkshire, Northumberland, p. 29.

[1077] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Hospital of St Leonard, York VII, p. 609.

[1078] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, V, p. 320.

[1079] Dugdale Monasticon V, Pontefract Priory, Yorkshire, XIII, p. 125.

[1080] Dugdale Monasticon I, Whitby Monastery, Northumberland XL, p. 420.

[1081] Early Yorkshire Charters I, 331, p. 252.

[1082] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 30.

[1083] CP IX 371.

[1084] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1085] Dugdale Monasticon V, Pontefract Priory, Yorkshire, XII, p. 125.

[1086] Dugdale Monasticon V, Pontefract Priory, Yorkshire, XIII, p. 125.

[1087] Wightman, W. E. (1966) The Lacy Family in England and Normandy (Oxford), p. 74, citing Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. IX, pp. 205-6 [not yet consulted].

[1088] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, V, p. 320.

[1089] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LXXIII, p. 310.

[1090] Round (1899) 596, p. 208.

[1091] Early Yorkshire Charters I, 331, p. 252.

[1092] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LXXIII, p. 310.

[1093] CP IX 372.

[1094] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LIX, p. 307.

[1095] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 77.

[1096] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1097] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1098] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1099] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, VII, p. 172.

[1100] Three Rolls of the King’s Court in the reign of King Richard I 1194-1195, Pipe Roll Society, Vol. XIV (London, 1891), p. 8.

[1101] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1102] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1103] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, II, p. 318.

[1104] Bannatyne Club (1837) Liber Sancte Marie de Melros: Munimenta Vetustiora Monasterii Cisterciensis de Melros (Edinburgh) ("Melrose Liber"), Tome I, 115, p. 107.

[1105] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1106] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, II, p. 318.

[1107] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VIII regis Ricardi scutagium Normanniæ ad XXs, p. 105.

[1108] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1109] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, III, p. 319.

[1110] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 83.

[1111] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 530.

[1112] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LXXIII, p. 310.

[1113] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LIX, p. 307.

[1114] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, II, p. 318.

[1115] Domesday Descendants, p. 604.

[1116] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1117] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 87.

[1118] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, II, p. 318.

[1119] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 528.

[1120] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1121] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/21, 8 Hen III, 117.

[1122] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, pp. 346-7.

[1123] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 125.

[1124] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1125] Registrum Roffense, p. 596.

[1126] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, pp. 346-7.

[1127] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1128] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 346.

[1129] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[1130] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[1131] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[1132] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 290, p. 188.

[1133] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1134] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1135] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[1136] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[1137] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. IV (1837), XXXVI.III, p. 262.

[1138] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1139] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, V, p. 347.

[1140] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 4.

[1141] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, V, p. 347.

[1142] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. IV (1837), XXXVI.III, p. 262.

[1143] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1144] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1145] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[1146] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. IV (1837), XXXVI.III, p. 262.

[1147] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1148] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1149] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1150] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. IV (1837), XXXVI.III, p. 262.

[1151] CP IX 601, although it is more likely that the correct year was 1367 assuming his older brother's birth date is correct.

[1152] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1153] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1154] CP IX 604.

[1155] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1156] CP XIV 503.

[1157] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[1158] CP IX 605.

[1159] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[1160] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1161] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 223.

[1162] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1163] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[1164] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 223.

[1165] Stevenson (1864), Vol. II, Part II, Annales Wilhelmi Wyrcester, 1464, p. [783].

[1166] CP IX 609.

[1167] Bodleian Charters, Hertfordshire charters 21, p. 91.

[1168] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1169] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 176.

[1170] CP X 238.

[1171] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1172] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1173] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1174] CP IX 612.

[1175] CP IX 613.

[1176] CP IX 618-9.

[1177] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book V, p. 149.

[1178] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, p. 178, cited in CP XI 684.

[1179] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 263.

[1180] CP XI Appendix K, p. 155.

[1181] Domesday Translation, Surrey, XVIII, p. 80, Hampshire, XXI, pp. 105-6.

[1182] Florence of Worcester, 1089, pp. 188-9.

[1183] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book III, p. 49.

[1184] CP XI 690.

[1185] CP XI 690.

[1186] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 422.

[1187] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, p. 32, cited in CP XI 692.

[1188] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 49.

[1189] Annales de Margan, p. 7.

[1190] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 55.

[1191] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 165.

[1192] CP XI 693-4.

[1193] Annales de Margan, p. 10.

[1194] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, p. 12.

[1195] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book V, p. 149.

[1196] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[1197] CP XI 688.

[1198] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, pp. 41 and 42.

[1199] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, E, 1097.

[1200] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 422.

[1201] Round (1899) 666, p. 237.

[1202] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing Le Maho, J. ‘L’apparition des seigneuries châtelaines dans le Grand-Caux à l’époque ducale’, Archéologie Médiévale 6 (1976), pp. 37 and 52 [not yet consulted].

[1203] Laffleur de Kermaingant, P. (ed.) (1880) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Michel de Tréport (Paris) (“Tréport Saint-Michel”), I, p. 1.

[1204] Tréport Saint-Michel, III, p. 8.

[1205] Tréport Saint-Michel, IX, p. 31.

[1206] Tréport Saint-Michel, XLVI, p. 75.

[1207] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, LVI, p. 451.

[1208] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (ed.) ‘Recueil de chartes concernant l’abbaye de Saint-Victor-en-Caux’, Mélanges, documents publiés et annotés par MM Ch. de Beaurepaire, Paul le Cacheux, A. Héron et Hipplyte Sauvage, 5ème série (Rouen, 1898) ("Caux Saint-Victor"), I, p. 363.

[1209] Morandière, G. de la (1903) Histoire de la Maison d’Estouteville en Normandie (Paris), p. 31.

[1210] Domesday Translation, Bedfordshire, XVI, p. 568.

[1211] Morandière (1903), p. 31, citing "Archives de Valmont" (no precise citation reference).

[1212] Morandière (1903), p. 30, citing "les mss. de M. Bigot (Bibl. de Rouen), un grand érudit du 17e siècle".

[1213] Domesday Translation, Essex, XLVII, p. 1037.

[1214] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 142.

[1215] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 546.

[1216] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 142.

[1217] Keats-Rohan, K. ‘Additions and Corrections to Sanders’s Baronies’, Prosopon Newsletter (2000), p. 4.

[1218] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 546.

[1219] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Kent, p. 67.

[1220] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 546.

[1221] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Kent, p. 67.

[1222] Gesta Stephani Regis, p. 38.

[1223] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 128.

[1224] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, p. 195.

[1225] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, III, p. 318.

[1226] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCXXXVI, p. 246.

[1227] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCLXVIII, p. 421.

[1228] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, III, p. 318.

[1229] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCXXXVI, p. 246.

[1230] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCXXV, p. 347.

[1231] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCLXVIII, p. 421.

[1232] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCXXXVI, p. 246.

[1233] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCXXV, p. 347.

[1234] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 252.

[1235] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, II, p. 142.

[1236] CP V 120-1.

[1237] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[1238] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[1239] Scott, J. R. ‘Charters of Monks Horton Priory’, Archaeologia Cantiana 10 (1876), IV, p. 271.

[1240] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1241] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 633.

[1242] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXLVII, p. 124.

[1243] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1244] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1245] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCXXXIX, p. 370.

[1246] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1247] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1248] Domesday Descendants, p. 1123, citing BL Harleian Ch. 112 D 57.

[1249] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, p. 215.

[1250] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 95.

[1251] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VIII regis Ricardi scutagium Normanniæ ad XXs, p. 98.

[1252] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 542.

[1253] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 574.

[1254] Actes Henri II, Tome I, LXXVIII, p. 181.

[1255] Pipe Roll 2 Hen II (1155/56), Herefordshire, p. 51.

[1256] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxiv.

[1257] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 20.

[1258] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 284.

[1259] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 632.

[1260] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 100.

[1261] Turry M. J. ‘Malahide Castle’, Dublin Historical Record Vol. 31, no. 3 (Jun 1978), p. 93.

[1262] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 496.

[1263] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 100.

[1264] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 215.

[1265] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 261.

[1266] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/21, 8 Hen III, 421.

[1267] CP XII/1 608 footnote d.

[1268] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 80, p. 60.

[1269] Wrottesley, G. [1905] Pedigrees from the Plea Rolls, De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1270] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 80, p. 60.

[1271] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 80, p. 60.

[1272] Wrottesley [1905], De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1273] Wrottesley [1905], De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1274] CP XII/1 610.

[1275] Wrottesley [1905], De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1276] Wrottesley [1905], De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1277] Wrottesley [1905], De Banco, Trinity 36.E.3. m 170 dorso, p. 84.

[1278] CP XII/1 616.

[1279] CP XII/1 616.

[1280] CP XII/1 619.

[1281] Payne, T. et al (1791) The History and Antiquities of Northamptonshire, compiled from the manuscript collection of John Bridges, p. 18, information provided by Mike Thomas in a private email to the author dated 12 Nov 2010.

[1282] Bodleian Charters, Dodsworth Charters (Hertfordshire charters, p. 23), p. 674.

[1283] Bodleian Charters, Hertfordshire charters 21, p. 91.

[1284] Historical Memoirs of Philip de Comines (London, 1817), Book. V, XVIII, p. 312.

[1285] Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1483 1 Richard III, consulted at <http://partyparcel.co.uk/> (1 Aug 2013).

[1286] CP XI 705.

[1287] Bodleian Charters, Dodsworth Charters (Hertfordshire charters, p. 23), p. 674.

[1288] CP XI 704-5 footnote e.

[1289] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 297.

[1290] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 325.

[1291] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 297.

[1292] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 297.

[1293] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1294] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXXI, p. 437.

[1295] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, II, p. 160, and XV, pp. 236-7.

[1296] CP XII/1 493.

[1297] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[1298] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[1299] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, I, p. 167.

[1300] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 265.

[1301] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[1302] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXXI, p. 437.

[1303] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXXV, p. 440.

[1304] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, II, p. 160, and XV, pp. 236-7.

[1305] Dugdale Monasticon V, Lewes Priory, Sussex, IV, p. 13.

[1306] Domesday Translation, Hampshire, XXXIIII, p. 114,Norfolk, pp. 1086-98.

[1307] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 265.

[1308] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1309] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 317.

[1310] CP XII/1 494.

[1311] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Covenham Priory, Lincolnshire, I, p. 993.

[1312] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[1313] Cluny, Tome IV, 3561, p. 689.

[1314] Weir (2002), p. 45.

[1315] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Covenham Priory, Lincolnshire, I, p. 993.

[1316] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Longpont, p. 524.

[1317] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 429.

[1318] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Longpont, p. 527.

[1319] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1320] Cluny, Tome IV, 3561, p. 689.

[1321] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, VIII, p. 296.

[1322] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, III, p. 317.

[1323] Domesday Descendants, p. 492.

[1324] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1325] Cluny, Tome IV, 3561, p. 689.

[1326] Domesday Descendants, p. 777.

[1327] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 20.

[1328] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 20.

[1329] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 21.

[1330] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 20.

[1331] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 20.

[1332] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli IV, Bukinghamsire, Hundredum de Seggel, p. 20.

[1333] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1334] Cluny, Tome IV, 3561, p. 689.

[1335] CP XII/1 495, and Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 15.

[1336] Léchaudé d’Anisy, A. L. (ed.) (1834-5) Extrait des chartes et autres actes Normands ou Anglo-Normands qui se trouvent dans les archives du Calvedos, 2 Vols. (Caen) ("Calvados (Anisy)"), Vol. I, Saint-Etienne de Caen, 9, p. 271.

[1337] Caux Saint-Victor, II.1, p. 378.

[1338] Dugdale Monasticon V, Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk, V, p. 51.

[1339] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Longpont, p. 524.

[1340] Considered the latest possible birth date of Elisabeth considering the birth of her first two known children in 1104.

[1341] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XL, p. 278.

[1342] Round (1899) 220, p. 74.

[1343] Dugdale Monasticon V, Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk, V, p. 51.

[1344] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XL, p. 278.

[1345] Round (1899) 220, p. 74.

[1346] Dugdale Monasticon V, Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk, V, p. 51.

[1347] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1348] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1164, p. 350.

[1349] RHC, Historiens occidentaux I, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer") (“WT”) XVII.XXV, p. 748.

[1350] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXV, p. 311.

[1351] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 5.

[1352] Ellis, H. (1846) Original Letters illustrative of English History, 3rd series, Vol. I (London), Letter XIII, p. 23.

[1353] Ellis (1846), 3rd series, Vol. I, p. 25 quoting “Reg. Priorat. Lewes fol. 107 b”.

[1354] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1156, pp. 305-06.

[1355] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1164, p. 350.

[1356] Caux Saint-Victor, IV, p. 385.

[1357] CP XII/1 497.

[1358] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1359] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 273.

[1360] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Cokersand Abbey, Lancashire VI, p. 909.

[1361] Dugdale Monasticon V, Furness Abbey, Lancashire, X, p. 248.

[1362] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter III, p. 391.

[1363] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[1364] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Notes, p. 394.

[1365] Domesday Descendants, p. 539.

[1366] Round (1899) 220, p. 74.

[1367] Dugdale Monasticon V, Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk, V, p. 51.

[1368] Caux Saint-Victor, II.1, p. 378.

[1369] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1370] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 274.

[1371] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 525.

[1372] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, II, p. 171.

[1373] Pipe Roll Society, Vol. IX (1888) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 12th year of King Henry II (London) ("Pipe Roll 12 Hen II (1165/66)"), p. 19.

[1374] Pipe Roll Society, Vol. XXVI (1905) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 23rd year of King Henry II (London) ("Pipe Roll 23 Hen II (1176/77)"), Norfolk & Suffolk, p. 126.

[1375] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1376] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, II, p. 171.

[1377] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, II, p. 171.

[1378] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, III, p. 171.

[1379] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1380] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 76.

[1381] Feet of Fines 1182-1196, 7, p. 5.

[1382] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, III, p. 171.

[1383] Bain, J. (1881) Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland preserved in the Public Record Office (Scottish Record Office) ("Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain)"), Vol. I, 1230, p. 225.

[1384] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, III, p. 171.

[1385] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, IV, p. 171.

[1386] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, III, p. 171.

[1387] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, IV, p. 171.

[1388] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 54.

[1389] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 133.

[1390] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, III, p. 171.

[1391] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 49.

[1392] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Appendix A, 32, p. cclxxiv.

[1393] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Appendix A, 27, p. cclxxiii.

[1394] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Appendix A, 28, p. cclxxiii.

[1395] Domesday Descendants, p. 778.

[1396] Domesday Desendan ts, p. 428.

[1397] Stuart, J. (ed.) (1874) Registrum de Panmure compiled by Harry Maule of Kelly (Edinburgh) (“Panmure”), Vol. II, p. 114.

[1398] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 362.

[1399] Maitland, F. W. (1891) Three Rolls of the King’s Court in the reign of Richard I 1194-1195 (London), Rotulus Curiæ Regis, p. 35.

[1400] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, p. 8.

[1401] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 252.

[1402] Panmure, Vol. II, p. 115.

[1403] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/22, 9 Hen III, 27.

[1404] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. III, 1128, p. 147.

[1405] Domesday Descendants, p. 777.

[1406] Domesday Descendants, p. 778, citing Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. VIII, pp. 28-29 [not yet consulted].

[1407] Benedict of Peterborough 2 1189, p. 80.

[1408] Caux Saint-Victor, IV, p. 385.

[1409] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1410] Dugdale Monasticon V, Slevesholm Priory, Norfolk, IV, p. 72.

[1411] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Southwark, St Mary Overey Priory, IX, p. 172.

[1412] Haigneré, D. (ed.) (1886) Les chartes de Saint-Bertin d’après le grand cartulaire de Dom Charles-Joseph Dewitte (Saint-Omer) ("Saint-Bertin (Grand Cartulaire)"), Tome I, 325, p. 144.

[1413] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1164, p. 350.

[1414] Caux Saint-Victor, IV, p. 385.

[1415] Dugdale Monasticon V, Slevesholm Priory, Norfolk, IV, p. 72.

[1416] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1417] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccxxxi, charter quoted but no source reference.

[1418] Dugdale Monasticon V, Roche Abbey, Yorkshire XII, p. 505.

[1419] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccxxxi.

[1420] Vincent, N. (2013) Norman Charters from English Sources (London), Appendix of Charters, 7, p. 115.

[1421] Caux Saint-Victor, IV, p. 385.

[1422] CP XII/1 500, footnote g.

[1423] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 533.

[1424] Pipe Roll 1194, Yorkshire, p. 161.

[1425] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 65.

[1426] Given-Wilson, C. and Curteis, A. (1988) The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (Routledge), p. 128.

[1427] Turner, G. J. ‘Richard Fitzroy’, Forsyth Harwood, H. W. (ed.) (1906) The Genealogist, New Series, Vol. XXII (London), p. 108, quoting The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester (Rolls Series), II, 716 (not yet consulted).

[1428] Annales Cestrienses, p. 46.

[1429] Annales Cestrienses, p. 47 footnote 2 (continuation from p. 46).

[1430] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 12.

[1431] Caux Saint-Victor, IV, p. 385.

[1432] Saint-Bertin (Grand Cartulaire), Tome I, 325, p. 144.

[1433] Dugdale Monasticon V, Slevesholm Priory, Norfolk, IV, p. 72.

[1434] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 729.

[1435] CP XII/1 500.

[1436] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 114.

[1437] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Priory of Thetford, Norfolk, p. 730.

[1438] CP XII/1 502 footnote m, citing Lewes Cartulary, Sussex Record Society, pt. ii, p. 18.

[1439] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1440] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 94.

[1441] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 140.

[1442] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1443] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1251, p. 215.

[1444] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1445] Rymer (1745), Tome I, p. 155.

[1446] CP XII/1 503-7.

[1447] Annales Londonienses, p. 133.

[1448] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1247, pp. 627 and 629.

[1449] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1256, p. 551.

[1450] CP XII/1 507.

[1451] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 633, p. 382.

[1452] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 633, p. 382.

[1453] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 633, p. 382.

[1454] CP XII/1 511 footnote k.

[1455] Surtees Society (1836) Testamenta Eboracensia (London), Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1456] Lanercost Chronicle, 1289, p. 133.

[1457] Annales Londonienses, p. 146.

[1458] Luce, S. (ed.) (1869) Chroniques de J. Froissart (Paris) ("Froissart"), Tome I, Livre 1, 21, p. 39.

[1459] Du Chesne, A. (1631) Histoire généalogique de la maison royale de Dreux (Paris), Bar, Preuves, p. 44.

[1460] Du Chesne (1631), Bar, Preuves, p. 50.

[1461] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1462] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1463] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1464] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1465] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1466] Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, XXXV, p. 41.

[1467] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 434, p. 248.

[1468] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1869) Annales Monastici Vol. IV, Annales de Oseneia, Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, Annales de Wigornia (London)Thomas Wykes, p. 284.

[1469] Bain, J. (1884) Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland preserved in the Public Record Office (Scottish Record Office) ("Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain)"), Vol. II, 189, p. 60.

[1470] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1471] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 184.

[1472] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 33, p. 36.

[1473] Saint-Wandrille, 41, p. 95.

[1474] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 427.

[1475] Deville, E. (ed.) (1912) Cartulaire de l’église de la Sainte-Trinité de Beaumont-le-Roger (Paris) ("Beaumont-le-Roger Sainte-Trinité"), A, II, p. 2.

[1476] CP XII/2 358-9.

[1477] Bath St Peter 42, p. 46.

[1478] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick I, p. 1326.

[1479] Annales de Margan, p. 10.

[1480] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, V, p. 302.

[1481] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[1482] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick I, p. 1326.

[1483] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 23.

[1484] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1485] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 428.

[1486] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 428.

[1487] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1488] CP XII/2 360 footnote g.

[1489] Round ‘A Great Marriage Settlement’, p. 153.

[1490] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick III, p. 1326.

[1491] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick IV, p. 1326.

[1492] Round (1899) 335, p. 114.

[1493] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick IV, p. 1326.

[1494] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 428.

[1495] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick I, p. 1326.

[1496] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick III, p. 1326.

[1497] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick IV, p. 1326.

[1498] CP XII/2 361.

[1499] Chronique de Robert de Torigny Vol. I, 1153, p. 273.

[1500] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1501] Chronique de Robert de Torigny Vol. I, 1153, p. 273.

[1502] Round (1899) 335, p. 114.

[1503] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick III, p. 1326.

[1504] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick IV, p. 1326.

[1505] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Cokersand Abbey, Lancashire VI, p. 909.

[1506] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter III, p. 391.

[1507] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[1508] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Notes, p. 394.

[1509] Annales de Waverleia, p. 235.

[1510] Annales de Waverleia, p. 243.

[1511] CP XII/2 363, footnote b citing “Rows Rol no. 33 (where Margaret is called 2nd wife), corrected by Dugdale Baronage, Vol. I, p. 70”

[1512] Dugdale Monasticon V, Sawley Abbey, Yorkshire XXII, Genealogia Perciorum, p. 516.

[1513] Dugdale Monasticon V, Sawley Abbey, Yorkshire V, p. 512.

[1514] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 87.

[1515] Annales de Waverleia, p. 244.

[1516] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1517] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 273.

[1518] Round, J. H. ‘A Great Marriage Settlement’, Barron, O. (ed.) (Oct 1904) The Ancestor, Vol. XI (London), p. 153.

[1519] Eynsham, 101, p. 91.

[1520] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Bretford Nunnery, Warwickshire, I, p. 158.

[1521] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[1522] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[1523] CP IX 585 footnote e.

[1524] Dugdale Monasticon V, Furness Abbey, Lancashire, X, p. 248.

[1525] Farrer (1902), Lancashire Chartulary, Series XVI, Charter IV, p. 393.

[1526] CP IX 585 footnote e.

[1527] Dugdale Monasticon V, Furness Abbey, Lancashire, X, p. 248.

[1528] CP IX 586 footnote b, citing Gesta Henrici, Vol. I, p. 144, and Carta Regis Rolls, Vol. I, p. 93.

[1529] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Bungay Nunnery, Suffolk, I, p. 338.

[1530] CP IX 585 footnote e.

[1531] CP IX 585 footnote e, citing Red Book of the Exchequer, p. 325.

[1532] Annales de Waverleia, p. 244.

[1533] CP XII/2 363 footnote f.

[1534] CP XII/2 364 footnote a.

[1535] CP XII/2 363.

[1536] Phillips, C. (ed.) Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, Vol. XII/2, pp. 363-5, at <http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/> (26 Apr 2004).

[1537] CP XII/2 364.

[1538] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 558, p. 168.

[1539] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 855, p. 663.

[1540] Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain), Vol. I, 263, p. 41.

[1541] CP XII/2 364 footnote g.

[1542] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 166.

[1543] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 73.

[1544] CP XII/2 364.

[1545] Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem, Vol. 1, n^o. 558, cited in Phillips, C. (ed.) Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, Vol. XII/2, pp. 363-5, at <http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/> (26 Apr 2004).

[1546] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 7 John, p. 293.

[1547] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/12, 4 Hen III, 152.

[1548] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 166.

[1549] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 513, p. 400.

[1550] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 10, p. 2.

[1551] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 166.

[1552] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 220.

[1553] Annales de Wigornia, p. 434.

[1554] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 10, p. 2.

[1555] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 21, p. 6.

[1556] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 558, p. 168.

[1557] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1558] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 21, p. 6.

[1559] Bliss, W. H. (1893) Calendar of entries in the Papal registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland (London), Vol. I, p. 307.

[1560] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 312.

[1561] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, Chroniculum, p. 169.

[1562] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 21, p. 6.

[1563] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 558, p. 168.

[1564] CP XII/2 366-7.

[1565] Beauchamp, 250, p. 143.

[1566] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 558, p. 168.

[1567] Beauchamp, 287, p. 164.

[1568] Rotuli Chartarum, 10 John, p. 183.

[1569] Rotuli Chartarum, 10 John, p. 183.

[1570] Beauchamp, 250, p. 143.

[1571] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 50.

[1572] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 679, p. 212.

[1573] Beauchamp, 41, p. 22.

[1574] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1575] Annales de Wigornia, p. 537.

[1576] Bund, J. W. W. (ed.) (1894) The Inquisitiones Post Mortem for the county of Worcester Part I (Oxford) ("Inquisitiones Worcestershire") XLV and XLVI, pp. 59 and 63, 26 Edw I, no. 41.

[1577] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1578] Beauchamp, 41, p. 22.

[1579] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 50.

[1580] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1581] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1582] Inquisitiones Worcestershire XLV and XLVI, pp. 59 and 63, 26 Edw I, no. 41.

[1583] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1584] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53, footnote 3 continued on p. 54.

[1585] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. V, Edward II, 615, p. 397.

[1586] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1587] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1588] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 83.

[1589] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1590] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1591] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1592] CP II Appendix B, p. 534.

[1593] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1594] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 477, p. 288.

[1595] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1596] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[1597] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 53.

[1598] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 169.

[1599] CP II Appendix B, p. 534.

[1600] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1601] CP XII/2 374.

[1602] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 352.

[1603] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 169.

[1604] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1605] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 63.

[1606] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[1607] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 63.

[1608] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 63.

[1609] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1610] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1611] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 63.

[1612] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1613] Tyerman, C. (2006) God’s war: a new history of the Crusades (Penguin), p. 708 (available in limited preview in Google Book).

[1614] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1615] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1616] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1617] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1618] CP XII/2 380.

[1619] CP XII/2 381.

[1620] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1621] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 231.

[1622] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 190.

[1623] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 231.

[1624] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1625] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1626] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 231.

[1627] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 239.

[1628] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1629] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 231.

[1630] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 64.

[1631] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1632] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1633] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 64.

[1634] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1635] CP XII/2 384.

[1636] CP III 292.

[1637] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1638] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1639] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1640] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1641] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1642] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1643] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1644] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 171.

[1645] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 171.

[1646] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 171.

[1647] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1648] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[1649] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1650] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 239.

[1651] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1652] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 64.

[1653] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 171.

[1654] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 171.

[1655] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1656] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1657] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1658] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1659] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 78.

[1660] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 79.

[1661] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 114.

[1662] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 153.

[1663] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 193.

[1664] According to CP XII/1 432 footnote I, Thomas de Ufford "is said to have married Elizabeth, sister of [his brother] William's second wife Isabel".

[1665] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 37.

[1666] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1667] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 221.

[1668] Domesday Translation, Berkshire, XX, p. 147, Wiltshire, XXXI, p. 184, Buckinghamshire, XIIII, pp. 404-7, Oxfordshire, XX, p. 432, Cambridgeshire, XXVII, pp. 534-5, Norfolk, XXV, pp. 1154-6.

[1669] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 319.

[1670] CP II 387.

[1671] Bath St Peter 42, p. 46.

[1672] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 39.

[1673] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 438.

[1674] Desjardins, G. (ed.) (1879) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Conques en Rouergue (Paris) (“Conques”), no. 497, p. 359.

[1675] CP II 387.

[1676] Round (1899) 102, p. 29.

[1677] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XXXVI, p. 42.

[1678] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1164, p. 353.

[1679] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 437.

[1680] Tréport Saint-Michel, 15, p. 42.

[1681] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 434.

[1682] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 437.

[1683] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XXXVII, p. 451.

[1684] Ex historia cœnobii Mortui-Maris, RHGF XIV, p. 509.

[1685] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 53.

[1686] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 237.

[1687] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 295.

[1688] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1689] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1690] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 295.

[1691] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 356.

[1692] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1693] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 325.

[1694] CP XIV 121.

[1695] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1696] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1697] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1698] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 325.

[1699] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1700] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 356.

[1701] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 295.

[1702] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 295.

[1703] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1704] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 323.

[1705] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 325.

[1706] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1707] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 356.

[1708] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1709] CP II 389-90.

[1710] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. 1, p. 296.

[1711] Stevenson (1864), Vol. II, Part II, Annales Wilhelmi Wyrcester, 1466, p. [785].

[1712] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. 1, p. 296.

[1713] CP II 390-1.

[1714] CP II 391 footnote a.

[1715] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book IV, p. 265.

[1716] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 189.

[1717] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 205-7 and 211.

[1718] CP VII 525.

[1719] CP VII 527.

[1720] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XLVII, p. 52.

[1721] CP VII 529.

[1722] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 8.

[1723] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 313.

[1724] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Prieuré de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, p. 239.

[1725] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1726] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[1727] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 331.

[1728] CP VII 530.

[1729] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 325.

[1730] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1731] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 473.

[1732] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 274.

[1733] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 325, p. 244.

[1734] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 326, p. 245.

[1735] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tykford Priory, Buckinghamshire, II, p. 203.

[1736] Dugdale Monasticon V, Dudley Priory, II, p. 83.

[1737] Domesday Descendants, p. 546.

[1738] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 8.

[1739] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1740] Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii, RHGF XXIII, p. 472.

[1741] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 55.

[1742] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 472.

[1743] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1162, p. 339.

[1744] Pipe Roll Society, Vol. VII (1886) The Great Roll of the Pipe for the 10th year of King Henry II (London) ("Pipe Roll 10 Hen II (1163/64)"), p. 38.

[1745] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, p. 41.

[1746] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 8.

[1747] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 805.

[1748] Annales Cestrienses, p. 26.

[1749] CP VII 531-2.

[1750] Annales de Margan, p. 21.

[1751] Matthew Paris Vol. II, 1191, p. 370.

[1752] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 488.

[1753] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1754] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 8.

[1755] Société Historique et Archéologique de l'Orne (1889) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Notre-Dame de la Trappe (Alençon) (“Notre-Dame de la Trappe”) G.XX, p. 197.

[1756] CP VII 532, footnote g.

[1757] Crouch, D. (1986) The Beaumont Twins: The Roots & Branches of Power in the Twelfth Century (Cambridge University Press), p. 91, footnote 140, citing “Cartulaire de l’abbaye Notre-Dame-du-Bois de Saint-Evroult, ii, fol. 33v”. [information provided by Kim Derrick in a private email dated 18 Oct 2016]

[1758] CP VII 532, footnote h.

[1759] Robert de Torigny 1168, Vol. II, p. 8, cited in CP VII 532, footnote h.

[1760] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 805.

[1761] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 322, p. 242.

[1762] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 14.

[1763] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[1764] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 486.

[1765] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1766] Roger of Hoveden, Vol. III, p. 94.

[1767] CP VII 534.

[1768] Round (1899) 408, p. 136.

[1769] Annales Cambriæ, p. 63.

[1770] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 474.

[1771] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1772] Round (1899) 408, p. 136.

[1773] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 97.

[1774] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 254.

[1775] CP VII 536.

[1776] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[1777] Dugdale Monasticon VI, St Mary, Leicester Abbey, XVI, Historia Fundationis, p. 466.

[1778] CP VII 533 footnote d.

[1779] Dugdale Monasticon VI, St Mary, Leicester Abbey, XVI, Historia Fundationis, p. 466.

[1780] Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie, p. 82.

[1781] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 435, p. 185.

[1782] CP VII 533 footnote d.

[1783] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1784] Dugdale Monasticon VI, St Mary, Leicester Abbey, XVI, Historia Fundationis, p. 466.

[1785] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1194, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[1786] Merlet, L. & Moutié, A. (eds.) (1858) Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay (Paris) ("Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay"), Tome I, LV, p. 72.

[1787] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[1788] CP VII 538-9.

[1789] Obituaires de Sens Tome IV, Prieuré de Fontaines, p. 194.

[1790] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 92.

[1791] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[1792] ES XIII 34.

[1793] Estimated from the estimated birth date of her first known child, born before 1190.

[1794] Dugdale Monasticon VI, St Mary, Leicester Abbey, XVI, Historia Fundationis, p. 466.

[1795] Lindsay, W. A., Dowden, D. Thomson, J. M. (eds.) (1907) Charters, Bulls and other documents relating to the Abbey of Inchaffray, Publications of the Scottish History Society Vol. LVI (Edinburgh) ("Inchaffray"), Appendix, IV A, p. 157.

[1796] Dugdale Monasticon V, Garendon Abbey, Leicestershire, II, p. 331.

[1797] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 477.

[1798] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[1799] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 321, p. 241.

[1800] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 322, p. 242.

[1801] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 473.

[1802] Guizot, M. (ed.) (1825) Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis, Collection des Mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France (Paris) (“Guillaume de Nangis”), p. 148.

[1803] CP VII 544.

[1804] CP VII 545.

[1805] Merlet, L. ‘Procès pour la possession du comté de Bigorre (1254-1503)’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, Vol. 18, no. 1 (1857), Pièces Justificatives, IV, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 13.

[1806] Merlet ‘Procès’, Pièces Justificatives, VII, p. 317, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 12.

[1807] Merlet ‘Procès’, Pièces Justificatives, VI, p. 316, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 16.

[1808] 'Testament de Simon de Montfort Comte de Leicester', Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes Tome 38 (1877), p. 335.

[1809] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 106.

[1810] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1236, p. 326.

[1811] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1238, p. 471.

[1812] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1238, p. 479-80.

[1813] Merlet ‘Procès’, Pièces Justificatives, VIII, p. 317, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 17.

[1814] CP VII 547.

[1815] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1238, p. 518.

[1816] 'Testament de Simon de Montfort Comte de Leicester', Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes Tome 38 (1877), p. 335.

[1817] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 179.

[1818] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 229.

[1819] RHC, Historiens occidentaux II, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer"), Continuator (“WTC”) XXXIV.XIV, p. 460.

[1820] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 179.

[1821] Annales de Waverleia, p. 365.

[1822] WTC XXXIV.XIV, p. 460.

[1823] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 279.

[1824] Schneider, F. (ed.) (1907) Regestum Volaterranum, Regesta Chartarum Italiæ (Rome) ("Volterra") 797-99, pp. 266-7.

[1825] CP VII 547 footnote a.

[1826] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 205.

[1827] Thomas Wykes, p. 241.

[1828] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 524.

[1829] Volterra 924, p. 312.

[1830] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1831] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. IV, XCV, p. 321.

[1832] Thomas Wykes, p. 180.

[1833] CP VII 547 footnote a.

[1834] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 216.

[1835] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 500.

[1836] Thomas Wykes, p. 180.

[1837] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 216.

[1838] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 500.

[1839] Annales Cambriæ, p. 105.

[1840] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 219.

[1841] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 226.

[1842] Williams ab Ithel, J. (ed.) (1860) Brut y Tywysogion, or the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales (London) ("Brut y Tywysogion (Williams)"), p. 365.

[1843] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1844] Bath St Peter 42, p. 46.

[1845] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Fécamp, II, p. 1083.

[1846] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1847] Annales de Margan, p. 9.

[1848] Archaeologia Cambrensis, The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, Vol. X, Third Series (London, 1864), Supplement Brut y Tywysogion ("Gwentian Chronicle"), p. 93.

[1849] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[1850] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[1851] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1852] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1853] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1854] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1855] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 88.

[1856] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 48.

[1857] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1858] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1859] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1860] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Fécamp, II, p. 1083.

[1861] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 223.

[1862] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 223.

[1863] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 335.

[1864] Archaeologia Cambrensis, The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, Vol. X, Third Series (London, 1864), Supplement Brut y Tywysogion ("Gwentian Chronicle"), p. 93.

[1865] CP V 683-6.

[1866] Gesta Stephani Regis II, p. 132.

[1867] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[1868] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[1869] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 88.

[1870] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 48.

[1871] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1872] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 49.

[1873] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 88.

[1874] Chronicle of Melrose, 1159, p. 11.

[1875] Gesta Stephani Regis II, pp. 112-6.

[1876] CP V 686 footnote b.

[1877] Round (1899), 98, p. 27.

[1878] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 281.

[1879] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli I, Lincolnscir, Balteslawe Wapentak, p. 8.

[1880] CP III 167.

[1881] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Greenfield, 150, p. 99.

[1882] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 54.

[1883] Round (1899) 547, p. 192.

[1884] This marriage is referred to in CP V p 686 article Gloucester footnote (b), but no such Aubrey de Vere is cited in CP X pp 199-208 article Oxford.

[1885] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Ardennes, 15, p. 3.

[1886] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 429.

[1887] CP V 686 footnote b.

[1888] Gesta Stephani Regis II, p. 93.

[1889] Pipe Roll 2 Hen II (1155), Somerset, p. 31.

[1890] CP V 686 footnote b. According to Domesday Descendants, p. 878, he was his father's legitimate son.

[1891] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.

[1892] Domesday Descendants, p. 658.

[1893] Pipe Roll 6 Ric I (1194/95), Lincolnshire, p. 96.

[1894] Domesday Descendants, p. 878.

[1895] Domesday Descendants, p. 232, citing Patterson, R. B. (1973) Earldom of Gloucester Charters (Oxford), no. 120.

[1896] Domesday Descendants, p. 1046, citing Patterson, R. B. (1973) Earldom of Gloucester Charters (Oxford), no. 119.

[1897] Pipe Roll 23 Hen II (1176/77), Dorset & Somerset, p. 22.

[1898] Pipe Roll 23 Hen II (1176/77), Dorset & Somerset, p. 22.

[1899] Annales de Waverleia, p. 243.

[1900] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1901] Gesta Stephani Regis II, p. 132.

[1902] Annales de Margan, p. 15.

[1903] Thorpe, J. (1769) Registrum Roffense (London) (“Registrum Roffense”), p. 345.

[1904] CP V 687-8.

[1905] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 124.

[1906] Annales de Margan, p. 17.

[1907] Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii, RHGF XXIII, p. 475.

[1908] Annales de Waverleia, p. 243.

[1909] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1910] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 475.

[1911] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1912] Annales de Margan, p. 15.

[1913] Registrum Roffense, p. 345.

[1914] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 472.

[1915] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 55.

[1916] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1917] CP V 689.

[1918] Toulmin Smith, L. (ed.) (1910) The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543 (London) ("Leland’s Itinerary"), Vol. V, Part XI, p. 174, Ex annalibus, autore incerto.

[1919] Registrum Roffense, p. 345.

[1920] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 336.

[1921] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1922] Benedict of Peterborough I 1176, p. 124.

[1923] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.

[1924] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 124.

[1925] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 56.

[1926] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 336.

[1927] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1928] Benedict of Peterborough I 1176, p. 124.

[1929] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 41.

[1930] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 124.

[1931] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 336.

[1932] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1933] Benedict of Peterborough I 1176, p. 124.

[1934] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1189, p. 348.

[1935] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 61.

[1936] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1200, p. 462.

[1937] Annales Londonienses, p. 6.

[1938] CP V 689-90.

[1939] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1940] Annales de Waverleia, p. 289.

[1941] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 45.

[1942] CP V 691.

[1943] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1944] Annales Cambriæ, p. 78.

[1945] Annales Londonienses, p. 29.

[1946] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 125.

[1947] CP V 695.

[1948] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1949] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 76.

[1950] Annales de Wigornia, p. 421.

[1951] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1952] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1953] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1954] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 61.

[1955] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 202, specifying that the marriage took place in the month of April.

[1956] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 78.

[1957] Annales Cambriæ, p. 79.

[1958] Annales Londonienses, p. 30.

[1959] Annales Londonienses, p. 37.

[1960] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 113.

[1961] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 2.

[1962] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1963] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 64.

[1964] Dugdale Monasticon V, Ford Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[1965] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 66.

[1966] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/25, 11 Hen III, 3.

[1967] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 1.

[1968] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 87.

[1969] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Paris St Martin-des-Champs, p. 470.

[1970] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 68.

[1971] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1972] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1973] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 66.

[1974] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 115.

[1975] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 252.

[1976] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1977] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 70.

[1978] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1258, p. 709.

[1979] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 165.

[1980] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1981] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 72.

[1982] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 66.

[1983] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1984] Annales Londonienses, p. 58.

[1985] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1986] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 219.

[1987] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 169.

[1988] Annales de Burton, p. 499.

[1989] Annales Londonienses, p. 34.

[1990] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 103.

[1991] Annales Cambriæ, p. 82.

[1992] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 106.

[1993] Annales Londonienses, p. 35.

[1994] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1995] Bodleian Charters, Devonshire charters 8, p. 49.

[1996] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 117.

[1997] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1998] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 162.

[1999] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 171.

[2000] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 130.

[2001] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2002] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2003] Annales Londonienses, p. 67.

[2004] Butler, R. (ed.) (1842) Jacobi Grace, Kilkenniensis, Annales Hiberniæ (Dublin) (“Grace Annales Hiberniæ”), 1274, p. 38.

[2005] Priour, M. and Beechinor, S. (eds.) (2002) The Annals of the Four Masters (CELT), 1277.2, p. 427, available at <http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005B/index.html> (26 Jan 2008).

[2006] Grace Annales Hiberniæ, 1286, p. 40.

[2007] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1869) Annales Monastici Vol. IV, Annales de Oseneia, Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, Annales de Wigornia (London), Annales de Oseneia et Chronicon Thomæ Wykes, p. 314.

[2008] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. IV, Edward I, 54, p. 34.

[2009] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 696, p. 429.

[2010] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. III, 1142, p. 496.

[2011] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[2012] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars II, p. 179.

[2013] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. IV, Edward I, 54, p. 34.

[2014] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[2015] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[2016] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[2017] Annales de Wigornia, p. 523.

[2018] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[2019] Bliss, W. H. (1895) Calendar of entries in the Papal registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland (London), Vol. II, p. 12.

[2020] Bliss (1895), Vol. II, p. 326.

[2021] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2022] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 136.

[2023] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 400.

[2024] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2025] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 139.

[2026] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 209.

[2027] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2028] Annales de Theokesberia, pp. 149 and 150.

[2029] Dugdale Monasticon V, Byland Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Quomodo mutatum fuit Cognomen de Albaneio in Cognomen de Mubrai, p. 347.

[2030] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 159.

[2031] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 130.

[2032] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2033] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 278.

[2034] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2035] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 400.

[2036] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 371, p. 234.

[2037] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1253, p. 364.

[2038] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1253, p. 367.

[2039] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1251, p. 204.

[2040] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars III, p. 57.

[2041] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 206.

[2042] Annales de Theokesberia, pp. 151 and 153-4.

[2043] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars II, p. 240.

[2044] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 371, p. 234.

[2045] CP V 707.

[2046] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars III, p. 57.

[2047] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 242.

[2048] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2049] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 359.

[2050] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 408.

[2051] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Dunmow Parva Priory, Essex, I, Historia Fundationis necnon Fundatorum et Benefactorum eiusdem domus, p. 148.

[2052] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 169.

[2053] Maitland Club (1839) Chronicon de Lanercost (Edinburgh) ("Lanercost Chronicle"), 1289, p. 127.

[2054] Stephenson, J. (ed.) (1870) Documents illustrative of the History of Scotland from the death of King Alexander the Third to the accession of Robert Bruce 1286-1306 (Edinburgh), Vol. I, CCLIII, p. 317.

[2055] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 245.

[2056] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2057] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 371, p. 234.

[2058] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2059] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2060] Annales Londonienses, p. 156.

[2061] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2062] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2063] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[2064] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars II, p. 51.

[2065] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[2066] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[2067] Thompson, E. M. (1889) Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke (Oxford) (“Chronicon Galfridi le Baker”), p. 4.

[2068] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 121.

[2069] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, pp. 61 and 62.

[2070] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, pp. 61 and 62.

[2071] Annales Londonienses, p. 156.

[2072] Dugdale Monasticon V, Croxden Abbey, Staffordshire, I, Croxden Chronicle, p. 661.

[2073] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[2074] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 56.

[2075] CP V 710.

[2076] CP V 710.

[2077] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 155.

[2078] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 408.

[2079] CP V 709.

[2080] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Dunmow Parva Priory, Essex, I, Historia Fundationis necnon Fundatorum et Benefactorum eiusdem domus, p. 148.

[2081] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 181.

[2082] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 61.

[2083] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 192.

[2084] Annales de Wigornia, p. 550.

[2085] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 155.

[2086] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars III, p. 49.

[2087] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 95.

[2088] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 89.

[2089] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 155.

[2090] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars III, p. 52.

[2091] Domesday Translation, Staffordshire, XVII, p. 687, Cheshire, p. 733.

[2092] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Staffordshire, p. 73.

[2093] CP XII/1 243, citing an extract in Dugdale Baronage Vol. II, p. 247.

[2094] CP XII/1 243, citing an extract in Dugdale Baronage Vol. II, p. 247.

[2095] Dugdale Monasticon V, Croxden Abbey, Staffordshire, II, p. 662.

[2096] Eyton, R. W. (ed.) ‘The Staffordshire Chartulary`, Wm Salt Archæological Society (ed.) (1881) Collections for a History of Staffordshire, Vol. II (Birmingham), Vol. II, Series II, no. XXVI, p. 263.

[2097] CP I 337-348.

[2098] CP I 337 footnote b.

[2099] CP I 337.

[2100] Amicia Tracts (1869), p. 20.

[2101] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[2102] CP I 337 footnote e.

[2103] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 139.

[2104] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 243.

[2105] Bannatyne Club (1841) Liber Cartarum Prioratus Sancti Andree in Scotia (Edinburgh) ("St Andrew’s Priory"), p. 240.

[2106] CP I 338.

[2107] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[2108] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 476, p. 286.

[2109] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 97, p. 67.

[2110] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 97, p. 67.

[2111] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[2112] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 97, p. 67.

[2113] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[2114] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[2115] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 196, p. 121.

[2116] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[2117] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 476, p. 286.

[2118] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[2119] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 476, p. 286.

[2120] Bowles, W. L. and Nichols, J. G. (1835) Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey (London), Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[2121] CP I 339.

[2122] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2123] Drake, W. R. ‘The parentage of Blanche Audley’, Marshall, G. W. (ed.) (1880) The Genealogist, Vol. IV (London), p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2124] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’, p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2125] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 117.

[2126] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 352.

[2127] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 117.

[2128] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’, p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2129] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 152.

[2130] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’, p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2131] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 152.

[2132] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 117.

[2133] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’, p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2134] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 117.

[2135] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’, p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[2136] CP I 347.

[2137] CP I 347.

[2138] She is not listed among the children of Roger de Mortimer in CP IX 281 footnote c.

[2139] CP I 347 footnote e, where Edmund is called "her father" but this is chronologically impossible, as shown above, if the birth date of her son is correct.

[2140] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2141] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2142] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2143] CP I 348 footnote a.

[2144] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2145] Dugdale Monasticon III, Horsham Priory, Norfolk, II, p. 636.

[2146] CP I 346.

[2147] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, pp. 61 and 62.

[2148] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 107.

[2149] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Kingston upon Hull, II, p. 20.