FLANDERS, counts
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. COUNTS OF FLANDERS [863]-1191 4
A. ORIGINS,
COUNTS OF FLANDERS [863]-1128
BAUDOUIN I [863]-879, BAUDOUIN II 879-918
ARNOUL I 918-964, BAUDOUIN III (d 962)
ARNOUL II 965-987, BAUDOUIN IV 987-1035
BAUDOUIN V 1035-1067, BAUDOUIN VI 1067-1070, ARNOUL III
1070-1071, GUILLAUME I 1127-1128
ROBERT I 1071-1093, ROBERT II 1093-1111, BAUDOUIN VII
1111-1119, CHARLES 1119-1127
B. COUNTS
OF FLANDERS 1128-1191 (LORRAINE)
THIERRY I 1128-1168, PHILIPPE 1168-1191
Chapter 2. COUNTS OF FLANDERS and COMTES
DE HAINAUT 1191-124436
MARGUERITE I 1191-1194, BAUDOUIN VIII 1191-1195
BAUDOUIN IX 1194-1205, JEANNE 1205-1244, FERRAND
1212-1214 & 1227-1233, THOMAS 1237-1244
Chapter 3. COUNTS OF FLANDERS 1244-1405
(DAMPIERRE)45
MARGUERITE II 1244-1280, GUILLAUME III 1247-1251, GUY
1278-1305
LOUIS II 1346-1383, MARGUERITE III 1383-1405
The
county of Flanders took its name from the Carolingian pagus flandrensis,
located around Bruges, the countship of which was granted to Baudouin I in 863
by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the Franks whose daughter he had
abducted. The grant was subsequently
expanded to include Ternois, the land of Waas and the lay abbacy of St Pieter
of Gent[1].
Count Baudouin II expanded his territory into Courtrai, seized control
of the counties of Boulogne and Ternois and acquired the lay abbacy of St
Bertin. Further territorial expansion
was undertaken by Count Arnoul I, who also seized the abbacy of St Vaast. The county of Flanders developed into an
important buffer state between France and Germany, as shown by the numerous
high-profile dynastic marriages arranged between the comital family and
prominent French and German royal and noble families.
The
ancestry of Count Baudouin I is uncertain.
The previous three generations of ancestors are recorded as counts at Harlabecce,
presumably Harlebeke on the outskirts of Courtrai, but information relating to
them is incomplete and contradictory, as will be seen below. It is assumed that they were minor lords
whose jurisdiction was limited to a restricted area. It is even possible that the title
"count" was attributed retrospectively by subsequent annals in order
to boost the standing of the comital family.
No reference to a pagus Harlabeccensis has been found: in
particular it is not included in the Flemish pagi described by Vanderkindere[2].
As will be seen below, one source attributes a Portuguese origin to the
paternal ancestors of Count Baudouin I.
The core
territory of the county of Flanders was bound to the north and east by the
river Scheldt and remained under the suzerainty of the French kings. To improve their defence against the kings of
Germany, the counts expanded eastwards, establishing a "march" or
border territory between the rivers Scheldt and Dender in the 11th
century. This area included the
important abbey of Bavo, and was strongly fortified by the counts. In response, Emperor Otto II dug a canal, the
"Ottogracht", from Ghent to the western Scheldt[3], bringing his area of
jurisdiction nearer to the town and also claiming the land of Waas on the left
bank near the estuary[4].
The "march" area, later known as "imperial"
Flanders, fell under the suzerainty of the kings of Germany, the result being
the dual allegiance of the counts of Flanders to their two powerful neighbours,
balancing the pressures from each providing a constant challenge throughout
Flemish history.
The early counts of Flanders are frequently referred to as marchisi in contemporary sources, although no direct evidence has been found that this was a formal creation. Judging by the establishment of the marches on the eastern and southern borders of Germany in the later 10th and early 11th centuries, it is more likely that such a title would have been a German rather than a French creation, in which case it would have applied only in relation to imperial Flanders. Nicholas states that Emperor Otto II established marches on the right bank of the river Scheldt from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north to counter the perceived threat from France during the early part of the reign of Count Arnoul II[5], although it is not clear whether at that time this involved awarding the title "marchio" to anyone. Nicholas also states that Emperor Heinrich III installed the son of Count Baudouin V as Markgraf van Antwerpen in 1045, but took away the title in [1050] after his father opposed the emperor[6]. McKitterick states that, after swearing allegiance to Lothaire King of the West Franks in [962], the latter awarded Count Arnoul I the title marchio[7]. The source on which this assertion is based has not been identified. More detailed research is needed into titles awarded by contemporary French kings to verify whether marchio was indeed a title which was routinely granted in France. It is probable that the title was locally inspired, without any formal creation, as a means of asserting increased control particular over the eastern "march" area. It is also possible that the title was only applied by over-enthusiastic local chroniclers, keen to curry favour with their masters, and that the counts never used the title themselves.
The
language division in present-day Belgium is traceable to the dual
Gallic/Germanic development of the area from the 5th century. From the point of view of the Romans in Gaul,
the territory represented the northernmost outpost of their domain and
settlement was sparse in consequence.
From the German side, Salian Franks moved westwards into Flanders,
settling in the valleys of the Leie and Scheldt rivers. They were followed in the 6th
century by Saxons and Frisians from the north.
During these early centuries there appear to have been much overlapping
of settlements, the language frontier being far from settled [8].
This
"borderland" mentality is reflected in the ecclesiastical development
of the area, in which no independent Flemish archbishopric was ever
created. Flanders remained within the
archbishopric of Reims and included the bishoprics of Arras, Cambrai (an
archbishopric from the 16th century, when it was subdivided into the
bishoprics of Antwerp and Mechelen), Thérouanne (later divided into the
bishoprics of Boulogne, Ypres and St Omer) and Tournai (from which Bruges and
Ghent were established as separate bishoprics in the 16th century)[9].
In the German border area, ecclesiastical jurisdiction lay with the
bishop of Utrecht, under the archbishopric of Köln. The gradual christianisation of Flanders was
accompanied by the foundation of important monasteries, including St Bertin
(near St Omer), St Vaast in Arras, and St Pieter and St Bavo in Ghent. These evolved into powerful local communities
with extensive landholdings, a process which was presumably encouraged by the
relative remoteness of the headquarters of the French archbishopric. The monasteries claimed immunity from secular
control, but in the cases of St Bertin, St Bavo and St Pieter this was achieved
through the backdoor by the counts of Flanders becoming lay abbots.
LIDERIC, son of --- (-808 or 817, bur Harlebeek). The Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini records that, while the Saracens were in Spain, "miles iuvenis christianus partibus Ulixibone seu Portugallie, regia stirpe progenitus, Liedricus" was given "terram Flandrie" by Emperor Charlemagne[10]. The Annals of St Bavo record that "Lydricus comes Arlebeccensis comitatum Flandrie suscepit" in 794[11]. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the death in 808 of "Lidericus Harlebecanus", first in the list of counts of Flanders[12]. Graf van Harlebek. 802. The Annales Formoselenses record the death in 817 of "Lidricus comes" and his burial at "Harlabecce"[13].
m
---. The name and origin of the wife of
Lideric are unknown. The Chronica Monasterii Sancti
Bertini refers to
the wife of "miles…Liedricus"
as "filiam Gerardi de Rossilione"[14].
1.
ENGUERRAND (-825). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names "Ingelramnus
comitem" son of "Lidricus Harlebeccensis comes"[15]. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the
death in 825 of "Engerranus Harlebecanus", second in the list
of counts of Flanders, although it does not specify that Lideric was his father[16].
m ---.
The name and origin of the wife of Enguerrand are unknown.
a)
ODACRE [Audacer/Odoscer] (-837). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names "Audacer"
son of "Ingelramnus comitem"[17]. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the
death in 837 of "Audacer", third in the list of counts of
Flanders, although it does not specify that Enguerrand was his father[18].
The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 836 of "Lidricus comes", an
error for Odacre unless the information in other sources concerning the early
counts is incorrect, specifying that he was buried at "Arlabeka"[19].
m ---. The name and origin of the wife of Odacre are
unknown.
i)
BAUDOUIN ([837/840]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer). He was
granted the “pagus Flandrensis” in 863, becoming BAUDOUIN I “der Gute/Ferreus/der
Eisenarme” Count of Flanders.
- see below.
BAUDOUIN, son of ODACRE [Audacer or
Odoscer] Graf van Harlebek & his wife --- ([837/840]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye
de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer21). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names "Balduinum Ferreum"
son of "Audacer"[20]. He is named son of Audacer in the list of
counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which records his year of death and place of burial[21]. He eloped with his future wife
around Christmas 861. Count of the pagi
between the Rivers Scheldt and Leie. He
was granted the “pagus Flandrensis” in 863, and shortly after Ternois,
Waas and the lay abbacy of St Pieter of Ghent[22].
He is known to history as BAUDOUIN I “der Gute/Ferreus/der
Eisenarme” Count of Flanders, but it is improbable that he was referred
to as such by contemporaries. The Annales Blandinienses record the death
in 879 of "Balduvinus, filius Audacri", specifying that he was
buried at "Blandinie"[23]. According to legend, he built the church of
St Donatien ("Sint Donaaskapittel") at Bruges.
m
(Auxerre 13 Dec 862) as her third husband, JUDITH,
widow firstly of ĆTHELWULF
King of Wessex and secondly of ĆTHELBALD
King of Wessex, daughter of CHARLES II “le Chauve” King
of the West Franks [Carolingian] & his first wife Ermentrude [d'Orléans]
([844]-after 870). She is named wife of
Baudouin in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin, which also names her parents and her three sons[24].
She and her father are named by Roger of Hoveden
when he records her marriage to King Ćthelwulf[25]. Asser records that "Iuthittam,
Karoli Francorum regis filiam" married "Ćthelbald filius eius
[=Ćthelwulfo rege]" after the death of her first husband, commenting
that it was "cum magna ab omnibus audientibus infamia"[26]. Roger of Hoveden also
records this second marriage of Judith[27]. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis
filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[28]. The Genealogica
Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Iudith et
Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam" as the four daughters of "Karolus
imperator…ex Hyrmentrudi regina", specifying that Judith married
"Balduinus comes"[29].
The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the marriage in 862 of
"Balduinus, Odacri filius" and "Iudith, Caroli regis
filiam"[30].
The preceding information is pulled together by the Genealogia Comitum Flandrić which names
"Iudith vidua Adelbaldi regis Anglorum, filia Karoli Calvi regis
Francorum" as the wife of "Balduinum Ferreum"[31]. No information has been
found which throws light on the possible date of death of Judith.
Count
Baudouin I & his wife had [four] children:
1.
CHARLES
(-young). "Karolus brevis vite"
is named first of the three sons of Baudouin & Judith in the list of counts
of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[32].
2. BAUDOUIN ([863/65]-[10 Sep] 918, bur St Bertin, transferred 929 to Ghent, St Pieter). He is named second of the three sons of Baudouin & Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[33]. He succeeded his father in 879 as BAUDOUIN II "le Chauve"[34] Count of Flanders. From his succession, he was under great pressure from the raids of the Vikings, and took refuge in the marshes of Saint-Omer in 883[35]. He expanded his territories by occupying the pagi of Mempisc, Courtrai and the Ijzer, seizing control of the counties of Ternois and Boulonnais after 892, and the Tournaisis (except for the town of Tournai)[36]. Although Count Baudouin at first supported the election of Eudes King of France in 888, the latter opposed the count's becoming lay-abbot of St Bertin (in 892, in succession to abbot Rudolf[37]) and pursued him to Bruges, although the king was unable to capture the town. Count Baudouin supported the coronation of Charles III "le Simple" as King of the West Franks in 895, but changed sides and supported Zwentibold Duke of Lotharingia. He invaded Péronne in 899[38], attacked Vermandois, Artois and Boulogne, but was driven out of Vermandois by 900 although he reconquered it and killed Héribert II Comte de Vermandois in revenge for the death of his brother Raoul[39]. The territories of Count Baudouin II were referred to collectively as Flanders for the first time from the early 1000s. Count Baudouin also controlled the abbeys of St Vaast and St Bertin. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 918 of "Balduvinus comes", specifying that he was buried at "Blandinio"[40]. His territories were divided between his two sons on his death[41]. m ([893/99]) ĆLFTHRYTH of Wessex, daughter of ALFRED King of Wessex & his wife Ealhswith of the Gainas ([877]-7 Jun 929, bur Ghent, St Pieter). "Elfthtritham" is named by Roger of Hoveden third in his list of King Alfred's daughters by Queen Ealhswith[42]. She is called "Ćthelswitha" by Asser[43]. "Elftrudis" is named wife of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin without giving her origin[44]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names "filia Edgeri regis Anglorum, nomine Elferudem" as the wife of "Balduinus Calvus"[45], although "Edgeri" is clearly an error for "Alfredi". This marriage represented the start of a long-lasting alliance between England and Flanders, founded on their common interest in preventing Viking settlements along the coast. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 929 of "filia regis Elftrudis comitissa"[46]. The Memorial of "Elstrudis…Balduini…domini" records her death "VII Iunii"[47].
Count Baudouin II & his wife had [five] children:
a)
ARNOUL de Flandres (after [893/99]-murdered 27 Mar 964, bur
Ghent, St Pieter).
The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, fratrem eius Adelulfum"
as the two sons of "Balduinus"[48].
He succeeded his father in 918 as ARNOUL I "le Grand" Count
of Flanders and Artois.
- see below.
b)
ADALOLF [Ćthelwulf] de Flandres (after
[893/99]-13 Nov 933, bur Ghent St Pieter). The Genealogica
Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum,
fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[49].
"Adalolphus" is named son of Count Baudouin II in the
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which specifies that he succeeded his father in 918
as Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer, de Thérouanne, and lay-Abbot of St Bertin[50].
The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 933 of "Adalulfus comes",
specifying that he was buried "in monasterio sancti Petri"[51].
c)
EALSWID de Flandres.
"Ealhswid" is named daughter of Count Baudouin & Ćlfthryth
in the Chronicle of Ćthelweard[52].
d)
ERMENTRUDE de Flandres.
"Earmentruth" is named daughter of Count Baudouin &
Ćlfthryth in the Chronicle of Ćthelweard[53].
e)
[---. No information has been concerning this fifth
possible child of Count Baudouin II. If
"avunculus" is used in its
strict sense in the source cited below, the child was a daughter. However, it is possible that "avunculus" was used informally as
the counterpart of "nepos",
the latter being much less precise and possibly indicating a more remote blood
relationship. If Abbot Hildebrand's
mother was the sister of Count Arnoul, it is possible that she was the same
person as either Ealswid or Ermentrude.
No information has been found concerning the possible husband of such a
daughter.
i)
HILDEBRAND (-after 961). Arnulf Count of
Flanders was "avunculus Hildebrandi abbas" according to the
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[54].
The Chronica
Monasterii Sancti Bertini also records "Hildebrandus…avunculo
suo comite Arnulfo"[55].
Abbé de Saint-Bertin et de Saint-Vaast.
The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin names "Hildebrando nepos suus
[Widdonem abbas]", specifying that he succeeded Guido as abbot[56].
No other information has been found to enable a more precise
relationship to be identified either between Count Arnoul and Abbot Hildebrand
or between Abbot Hildebrand and Abbot Guido.]
3. RAOUL ([865]-murdered 17 Jun 896). "Rodolphus Cameracensis comes" is named third of the three sons of Baudouin & Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[57]. The Annales Blandinienses records "Rodulfus comes et abba factus est" in 882[58]. Comte de Cambrai. He supported his brother's attack on the county of Vermandois, captured Arras, Saint-Quentin and Péronne after 5 Jan 892, but was captured by Héribert I Comte de Vermandois and killed[59]. The History of Waulsort monastery records that "Cameracensis comes Rodulfus…regalis consanguinitatis" invaded the territory of "quatuor Heriberti filios" with the consent of "rege Francorum…avunculo suo" but was expulsed[60]. The Annales Blandinienses record that "Rodulfus comes" was killed "IV Kal Iul 896"[61]. [m ---. The name of the wife of Comte Raoul is not known.]
a)
---
de Cambrai . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[62], Isaac was married to a daughter
of Raoul but the primary source on which this is based has not been
identified. It is possible that this is
a speculative connection designed to explain the transmission of the county
between the two individuals. m ISAAC Comte de Cambrai,
son of --- (-[946/30 Apr 948]).
4.
[daughter
. m ---.
a)
GAUTHIER
. The History of
Waulsort monastery names "Walterus…Rodulfi
sororis filius" recording that he attempted to avenge the death of his
maternal uncle[63]. No other reference to this
person has been found.]
5.
[GUNHILD [Guinidilde] (-before 19 Feb 904). According to Weir[64], the wife of Guifré I Conde de Barcelona was Gunhild, daughter of
Baudouin I Count of Flanders. It is
assumed that this is based on the Gestis
Comitum Barcinonensium which records that Charles II "le Chauve"
King of the Franks gave an unnamed daughter of the (unnamed) Count of Flanders
in marriage to "Pilosi" at
the same time as granting him the county of Barcelona[65], although this source is unreliable in some points of detail
concerning the family of the Counts of Barcelona. Considering that the early Counts of Flanders were in 877 still in
the process of consolidating their position in their newly founded county, it
is not clear what contact they would have had with a count whose territory was
so distant from their own sphere of activity, or the advantages they would have
seen in such a dynastic marriage. The
only known point in common between the two counts appears to have been that
King Charles II "le Chauve" was suzerain of both. Gunhild is not shown among the children of
Count Baudouin in Rösch[66]. A charter of her
daughter Emma dated 19 Feb 904 specifies that her mother was dead[67]. m (877) GUIFRE "el
Velloso/el Pilós/the Hairy" Conde de Barcelona, son of SUNIFREDO de Carcassonne, Count in the March of Spain &
his wife Ermentrude (-killed in battle
shortly after 21 Aug 897).]
ARNOUL de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN II "le
Chauve" Count of Flanders & his wife Ćlfthryth of Wessex
([885/890]-murdered 27 Mar 964, bur Ghent, St Pieter). The Genealogica
Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum,
fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[68].
"Arnulfus" is named son of Count Baudouin II in the
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which specifies that he succeeded his father in 918
as ARNOUL I "le Grand" Count of Flanders[69].
He was responsible for a major expansion of Flemish territory to the
south. He and his brother joined the
expedition of Raoul King of the Franks against the Normans in 925 and captured
Eu. Count Arnoul inflicted a heavy
defeat on the Normans in 926. In 932, he
seized the Abbey of St Vaast, as well as Douai in Ostrevant. In 933, after his brother's death, he seized
Boulonnais and Ternois, disinheriting his nephews. He made an alliance with Héribert II Comte de
Vermandois in 934, sealed by his marriage to the latter's daughter[70].
Responding to raids by Guillaume Comte [de
Normandie], Count Arnoul invaded Ponthieu and captured Montreuil in 939 from
Herluin Comte de Ponthieu, but the county was recaptured by Comte Guillaume's
forces. After agreeing to meet Count
Guillaume in 942 to settle the dispute over Montreuil, Guillaume was murdered
presumably at Count Arnoul's instigation[71]. Count Arnoul was secure in
his possession of Montreuil by 949[72]. After the death of his son
in 962, Count Arnoul was obliged to cede Artois, Ostrevant, Ponthieu and Amiens
to Lothaire King of the Franks in order to ensure the latter's support for the
succession of Count Arnoul's infant grandson to the county of Flanders[73]. Comte Arnoul was murdered by Heluin in
revenge for the murder of Guillaume I Comte de Normandie. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death "VI Kal Apr 964" of "Magnus
Arnulfus, restaurator huius Blandiniensis coenobii"[74].
[m firstly ---.
Both Rösch[75] and Europäische Stammtafeln[76] state that Count Arnoul had
another wife before marrying Adela de Vermandois. No evidence has been found concerning this
supposed first marriage. However, as
discussed below, the estimated birth date of his supposed daughter Hildegard,
as well as his own age when he married Adela de Vermandois, both suggest that
there was an earlier marriage. Although
logic points to such a first marriage, doubt remains. The genealogical traces of this family are
well marked in numerous contemporary sources.
It is difficult to imagine that all of them would have ignored an
earlier marriage of Comte Arnoul who was such a prominent figure in his
time.]
m secondly (934) ADELA de Vermandois,
daughter of HERIBERT II Comte de Vermandois [Carolingian] & his wife Adela
[Capet] ([915]-[Bruges 10 Oct] 960, bur Ghent, St Pieter). The Genealogica
Arnulfi Comitis names "Adelam, domni
Heriberti comitis filiam" as wife of "comes Arnulfus",
specifying that she was "duorum Francorum regum, Odonis atque Rotberti,
neptem"[77].
"Adala coniunx Arnulfi" is named in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin[78].
The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the marriage [undated
between 931 and 949] of "Arnulfus" and "Adelam, filiam
Heriberti Vermandorum comitis"[79].
Her marriage was arranged to seal the alliance made in 934 between her
father and her future husband[80].
The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 960 of "Adala comitissa"[81].
Count Arnoul I & his [first] wife had one child:
1.
[HILDEGARD (before 933-10 Apr 990, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name
"Hildegardis comitissa" as
wife of "Theodericus comes secundus
[Hollandensium]" but do not give her origin[82]. The wife of Count Dirk II was the daughter of
Count Arnoul according to Rösch, but the author cites no primary source in
support of the assertion[83].
Her naming her two sons Arnulf and Egbert suggests that this affiliation
may be correct. According
to Europäische Stammtafeln[84], Hildegard was the daughter of Count Arnoul by Adela de Vermandois
and born in [934]. This appears
difficult to sustain chronologically if her first son was born in [950]. In addition, assuming that her sister
Liutgard was born in 935, there is insufficient time for the birth of an
earlier daughter after Count Arnoul's marriage in 934, assuming also that the
latter date is correct. This suggests
that, if Hildegard was the daughter of Count Arnoul, she was born from an
earlier marriage. m ([940/45]) DIRK II Count of West
Frisia [Holland], son of DIRK [I] Graf [van
Kennermerland] & his wife [Geva] ([930]-Egmond 6 May 988, bur
Egmond).]
Count
Arnoul I & his second wife had four children:
2.
LIUTGARD de Flandre (935-962, before 18 Oct). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records
the donation dated 962 by "Wicmannus
comes…pro remedio anima coniugis mea Lietgardis…Arnulphi marchisi Flandrie
patris" of "villam
Thessela…Desselbergine" to "monasterio
Sancti Petri in Blandino"[85].
The Annales Blandinienses record the deaths in 962 of "Baldwinus, filius Arnulfi
marchisi, et soror eius Liutgardis"[86].
m ([950]) WICHMANN [IV] Graf von Hamaland,
son of [BRUNO & his wife ---] ([930]-after 27 Sep 979). The Iohannis
de Thilrode Chronicon records that Emperor Otto I built the dyke from the
Scheldt to the sea known as the "Ottingam"
and installed "comitem Wicmannus"
in the castle on the banks of the Leie, which controlled the towns of "Hasnethe, Bocholt, Axle, Huleta cum tota
Wasia"[87], the area known as Hamaland. He acquired the Abbey of St Bavo in Gent, and
became Count of Gent as vassal of his father-in-law, but transferred this to
his brother-in-law Dirk II Count of West Frisia in [964/69] and returned to
Hamaland. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave
property to Kloster Elten founded by "Wichmannus
comes in litore Reni in comitatu Hamelant" by charter dated 29 Jun 968[88]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "locum Pateleke…in pago Ambraga in comitatu
Wichmanni comitis" to his wife Empress Theophanu by charter dated 27
Sep 979[89].
3.
EGBERT de Flandre ([937]-before 10 Jul
953). He is named as deceased son of
Count Arnoul in a charter dated 10 Jul 953[90].
4.
BAUDOUIN de Flandres ([940]-Abbey of St
Bertin 1 Jan 962). His parentage is specified in the Cartulaire
de Saint-Bertin[91].
He ruled with his father from 958[92] as BAUDOUIN III Joint Count
of Flanders and Artois, his father granting him the administration of the
south of the country[93].
The Annales Blandinienses record the deaths in 962 of "Baldwinus, filius Arnulfi
marchisi, et soror eius Liutgardis"[94].
m ([951/59]) as her first
husband, MECHTILD
of Saxony, daughter of HERMANN Billung Duke in Saxony
& his [first/second] wife [Oda ---/Hildesuit ---] ([942]-Ghent 25 May 1008,
bur Ghent St Peter). "Mathilda
Saxonici generic" is named wife of Count Baudouin in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin[95].
The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Bennonis ducis, qui et
Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" as brothers
and sister of "domna Suanehildis [filia] Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh",
recording the names of Mechtild's two husbands[96].
The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names "Mathildis, filiam principis Herimanni" as
wife of "Balduinum [filius comitis Arnulfi]", specifying that
it was hoped the couple would have many children[97]. This suggests that their
marriage date may have been some years earlier than 961 considering that the Genealogia
was supposedly compiled in [951/59], probably during the earlier part of this
date range considering which children of Louis IV King of the West Franks are
named in the document[98].
She married secondly ([963]) Godefroi Comte de Verdun [Wigeriche] (-3/4
Sep after 995, bur Gent St Peter). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildis
comitissa Saxonie" as wife of "Godefridi Ardennensis"[99]. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1008 of "Mathildis
comitissa"[100].
The Necrology of Lüneburg records the death
"25 May" of "Mattild com"[101].
a)
ARNOUL de Flandre ([961/62]-30 Mar
987, bur Ghent).
The Annales Elnonenses Minores records "Arnulfus, filius
Balduini ex Matilde"[102] succeeding his grandfather in 964
as ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders.
- see below.
Possible illegitimate son:
b)
? ALBERIC [Albert]
([960/62]-1018). The Gesta Episcoporum Camerancensium named
"Azelinus, de Truncinis villa,
Balduini Flandrensium comitis de concubine filius", specifying that he
was later Bishop of Paris, in the passage recording the succession of "Erluinus" as Bishop of Cambrai (in
995)[103]. Bishop of Paris 1016-1018. According to the Dictionnaire de
Biographie Française[104],
"Albert" was provost at Tronchiennes 951-977 but this is chronologically
impossible assuming this refers to the same person. If the information about his paternity is
correct, Baudouin III is the only count of that name in Flanders who could have
been his father. Another possibility is
that the chronicle was in error and that he was the illegitimate half-brother
of Baudouin IV Count of Flanders, who was count at the time the text was
written but who would have been too young to have been Alberic's father.
5.
ELSTRUDE de Flandre (-966[105] or after). The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names
"comes Balduinus sororem…Elstrudem"
as wife of "Sifridus"[106]. According to the Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini, the couple were never married[107].
m ([960/65]) SIEGFRIED
Comte de Guines, son of --- (-[965]).
ARNOUL de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN III Joint Count
of Flanders & his wife Mathilde Billung of Saxony ([961/62]-30 Mar 987, bur
Ghent). The Annales
Elnonenses Minores records "Arnulfus, filius Balduini ex Matilde"[108] succeeding his grandfather in 964
as ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, under the guardianship
of his father's first cousin Baudouin Baldzo [de Boulogne] who made himself
Comte de Courtrai. Taking advantage of
the weakness of the county during Count Arnoul's minority, [his uncle] Dirk II
Count of West Frisia took Ghent and Waas, and Lothaire King of the Franks
occupied the south-east ostensibly in the role of protector of the young count[109].
To counter the perceived threat from France, Emperor Otto II King of
Germany established marches on the right bank of the river Scheldt from
Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north[110].
His majority was declared in 976.
The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 989 of "Arnulfus marchysus, nepos magni
Arnulfii"[111].
m ([968][112]) as her first husband, ROZALA di Ivrea, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-7 Feb or 13 Dec 1003, bur Gent, St Pieter). The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[113]. According to Nicholas[114], Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976 but the source on which this is based has not been located. The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quć et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[115]. She was taken to Germany after her parents were captured by Emperor Otto I in 963, and brought up at his court. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own influence in the county. She married secondly (988 before 1 Apr[116], repudiated [991/92]) as his first wife, Robert Associate-King of France, who succeeded his father 996 as Robert II King of France. She adopted the name SUZANNE on her second marriage[117], and was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the County of Flanders as her dowry. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baudouin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[118]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[119].
Count Arnoul II & his wife had two children:
1.
MATHILDE de Flandre (-24 Jul, 995 or before). "Susanna
regina" donated property for the soul of "filia suć Mathilda" by charter dated 995[120].
It is not known whether Mathilde was older or younger than her brother
Baudouin but the estimated birth date range of their mother suggests that
Baudouin may have been her younger child.
The Memorial of "Mathildis filia…Arnulfi viri" records her death "IX Kal Aug"[121].
2.
BAUDOUIN de Flandre ([980]-30 May 1035). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names "Balduinum Barbatum" son of "Arnulfus…et…Ruzelam
quć et Susanna"[122]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records
the death in 1035 of "Balduinus comes filius Susannć"[123].
He succeeded his father in 987 as BAUDOUIN IV "le Barbu/Pulchrae
Barbae" Count of Flanders, presumably under a regency
considering his age although the name of the regent has not been
identified. Hugues Capet King of France
recognised his claim to all of Flanders, including the part previously taken by
King Lothaire, and also arranged his mother's second marriage to his son and
heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[124].
After Count Baudouin's mother returned to Flanders following her
repudiation, France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer which provoked Flanders into
joining a rebellion against King Hugues.
The result was the return of Artois and Ostrevant to Flanders, although
Ponthieu remained with France[125].
Count Baudouin established control over the
northern part of the Ternois, including Thérouanne, Fauquembergues and
Saint-Omer, previously under the suzerainty of the county of Boulogne[126]. He captured the march of Valenciennes in 1006 from Germany,
but lost it the following year when Emperor Heinrich II invaded Flanders and
captured Ghent. Count Baudouin
subsequently arranged an alliance with the Emperor who, in 1012, helped him
install a new Bishop of Cambrai, enfeoffed him with the islands of Zeeland and,
in 1015, with Valenciennes. The Emperor,
however, invaded Flanders again in 1020, supported this time by Robert King of
France[127].
Count Baudouin arranged the betrothal of his son to the French king's
daughter to help restore good relations[128].
His son rebelled against him after 1028.
Count Baudouin was forced to take refuge in Normandy, where he married
the Duke's daughter and from where he returned to Flanders with
reinforcements. His son submitted, but
his father permitted him to rule jointly[129].
The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 1035 of "Balduinus, gloriosus marchisus"[130].
m firstly
([1012]) OGIVE de
Luxembourg, daughter of FRIEDRICH Graf im Moselgau Vogt
von Stablo [Wigeriche] & his wife --- heiress of Gleiberg [Konradiner] (-21
Feb or 9 Mar 1030, bur Gent St Peter).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "filiam Gisleberti comitis Odgivam" as wife
of "Balduinum Barbatum"[131], the marriage presumably being arranged by Emperor Heinrich II as
part of the alliance negotiated in 1012.
Ogive is shown as daughter of Graf Friedrich in Europäische
Stammtafeln[132]. There is no reference to
Friedrich's older brother Gislebert having married and had children. The chronology does not favour Ogive being
the daughter of Gislebert, son of Friedrich.
It is therefore assumed that the reference to "Giselbert" is
an error, although no primary source has so far been identified which confirms that
Ogive's father was Friedrich. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1030 of "Odgiva
comitissa"[133].
The Memorial of "Odgiva…Balduino domino" records her death "IX Mar"[134]. m secondly ([after 1030]) [ELEONORE] de Normandie, daughter of
RICHARD II Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Rennes
[Brittany]. The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
refers to "filiam secundi Ricardi ducis Normannorum" as wife
of "Balduinum Barbatum" after the death of Ogiva[135]. The Annalista Saxo states that the mother of
Judith was "cognatione beati Ethmundi regis", without naming
her or giving a more precise origin[136].
Guillaume de Jumičges records that Duke Richard
& Judith had three daughters, of whom the second (unnamed) married
"Baudouin de Flandre"[137].
Count Baudouin IV & his first wife had one child:
a)
BAUDOUIN de Flandre ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille St
Pierre).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "Balduinum Insulanum" son of "Balduinum
Barbatum [et] Odgivam"[138]. He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN
V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders.
- see below.
Count Baudouin IV & his second wife had one child:
b)
JUDITH de Flandre ([1033]-5 Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista
Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione
beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in
error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus
filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[139].
Florence of Worcester says that Judith was
"daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which
Baudouin nor is this clear from the context[140]. According to the Vita Ćdwardi Regis,
she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[141].
Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children
of Baudouin V Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France[142], but there are clear errors in
his listing of this couple's other children so the statement should be viewed
with caution. Judith
is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a
manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows
her first marriage[143]. Judith moved to Denmark
after her first husband was killed. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death
"1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioarić"
and her burial "apud
monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[144]. m firstly (before
Sep 1051[145]) TOSTIG Godwinson, son of GODWIN Earl of Wessex
& his wife Gytha of Denmark ([1025/30]-killed in battle Stamford Bridge 25
Sep 1066). He
was created Earl of Northumbria in 1055[146], but Northumbria rebelled against him in Oct 1065. m secondly ([1071]) as his second wife, WELF I Duke of Bavaria
[Este], son of ALBERTO AZZO II Marchese d'Este & his first wife Kunigunde
von Altdorf [Este] ([1030/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Weingarten, near
Lake Constance).
BAUDOUIN, son of BAUDOUIN IV "le
Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" Count of Flanders & his first wife Ogive
de Luxembourg ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille St Pierre[147]). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "Balduinum
Insulanum" son of "Balduinum Barbatum [et] Odgivam"[148]. After 1028, he led a rebellion against his
father who was forced to take refuge in Normandy. After his father returned with
reinforcements, Baudouin submitted but was allowed to rule jointly[149].
He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN V "le
Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders.
He acquired overlordship of the county of Lens from the counts of Boulogne[150].
He took part in the Lotharingian rebellion against Emperor Heinrich III,
sacking the palace at Nijmegen. Emperor
Heinrich gathered a large army to wreak revenge in 1049[151], but in practical terms the only
loss to Flanders was the march of Antwerp[152].
Count Baudouin returned Valenciennes to Hainaut, and thus indirectly to
German suzerainty[153].
He maintained close relations with Godwin Earl of Wessex, first
sheltering his son Svein after the latter was outlawed in 1049, then Earl
Godwin himself on his exile in 1051.
Emperor Heinrich III invaded Flanders again in 1054 but had to retreat[154].
On the death of Henri I King of France in 1060, Count Baudouin became
Regent of France for his nephew King Philippe I. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1067 of "Baldwinus
potentissimus marchisus"[155].
m
(Amiens 1028) ADELA de
France Ctss de Contenance, daughter of ROBERT II King of
France & his third wife Constance d'Arles (1009-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur
Messines, Benedictine monastery). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names "filiam Rodberti regis Francorum Adelam" wife of "Balduinum
Insulanum"[156]. The Genealogić
Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Alam
comitissam Flandrensem" the daughter of King Robert[157]. Corbie was her dowry[158].
She founded the Benedictine monastery at Messines near Ypres. The necrology of the
abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Jan" of "Adelaidis
comitissa"[159].
Count Baudouin V & his wife had three children:
1.
BAUDOUIN
de Flandre ([1030]-Hanson Abbey 17 Jul 1070[160]).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento
postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum"
the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[161]. The Chronicle of Alberic de
Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Balduinum sextum, Robertum cognomento
Fresonem, Philippum patrem Guilelmi de Ypra et filias duas Iudith, quam duxit
Tostinus comes Nortdanimbronum in Anglia et Mathilda…Normannorum ducissa"[162], which confuses three generations of the family of the Counts of
Flanders. His father sent him to be
educated at the court of Emperor Heinrich III, who installed him as Markgraf
van Antwerpen in 1045, although this was taken away in [1050] after his father
opposed the Emperor[163]. He succeeded in 1055 as BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut, by right of his
wife. He succeeded his father in 1067 as
BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1070 of "Baldwinus
marchisus, qui Hasnoni sepultus est"[164].
m (1051) as her second husband, RICHILDE,
widow of HERMAN Comte de Hainaut, daughter of --- (-Messines 15 Mar 1087, bur Abbaye de
Hasnon). The question of the parentage
of Richilde is discussed fully in the document HAINAUT dealing with her first
husband's family. Richilde
married thirdly (1070) as his second wife, Guillaume FitzOsbern Earl of Hereford. This third marriage is shown in the Complete
Peerage which cites Annales Flandrić
stating that Richilde was taken in the battle where her new husband FitzOsbern
was killed[165]. Count Baudouin VI & his
wife had three children:
a)
ARNOUL de Flandre ([1055]-killed in
battle Cassel 22 Feb 1071, bur Saint-Bertin).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Arnulfum et Balduinem" sons of
"Balduinum Haanoniensem [et] Richelde"[166]. "Arnulfum nepotem suum [Robertus filius
Balduini comitis Insulani] occiso" is named in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin[167].
He succeeded his father in 1070 as ARNOUL III Count of Flanders,
Comte de Hainaut. His uncle Robert
rebelled against Count Arnoul and defeated him at the battle of Cassel where
Arnoul was killed, seizing control of Flanders[168].
Arnoul's younger brother Baudouin was left only with the county of
Hainaut.
b)
BAUDOUIN de Flandre ([1056]-on Crusade
1098, after 8 Jun). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Arnulfum
et Balduinem" sons of "Balduinum Haanoniensem [et] Richelde"[169]. Guibert describes him as "Balduinus
comes de Montibus, Roberti Flandrensis comitis iunioris patrui, filius"[170].
"Balduino frater eius [Arnulphum occiso]" is named in
the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[171].
He succeeded his brother in 1071 as BAUDOUIN
II Comte de Hainaut.
c)
AGNES de Flandre.
Comte Arnoul III names his sister Agnes in a charter dated to [1071][172].
2.
MATHILDE de Flandre ([1032]-Caen 2 Nov 1083, bur Caen, Abbey of
Holy Trinity).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum
cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum"
the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[173]. Her parentage is also given by Orderic
Vitalis[174].
She was crowned Queen of England 11 May 1068[175], presumably at Westminster Abbey
or Winchester Cathedral although this appears to be unrecorded. Queen Matilda acted as Regent in Normandy
during her husband's absences in England.
The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis
records the death "IV Non Nov"
of "Matildis Anglorum regina"[176]. Guillaume de Jumičges
records the burial of Queen Mathilde on 3 Nov 1081 at Holy Trinity, Caen[177]. m (Eu, Cathedral of Notre Dame [1050/52]) GUILLAUME II Duke of Normandy, illegitimate son
of ROBERT “le Diable” Duke of Normandy & his mistress Arlette --- (Château
de Falaise, Normandy [1027/8]-Rouen, Priory of St Gervais 9 Sep 1087, bur Caen,
Abbey of St Etienne). He succeeded in
1066 as WILLIAM I "the Conqueror" King of England.
a)
ROBERT “Curthose” (Normandy [1052/4]-Cardiff Castle 3/10/15 Feb 1135, bur
Gloucester Cathedral). He succeeded his
father in 1087 as ROBERT III Duke of Normandy.
i)
GUILLAUME
de Normandie (Rouen 1101-St Omer, Abbey of St Bertin 27 Jul 1128, bur St Omer,
Abbey of St Bertin). Following the assassination of Count Charles,
Louis VI King of France convened a meeting of Flemish barons at Arras where
they elected Guillaume 21 Mar 1127 as GUILLAUME I "Clito"
Count of Flanders, although he lacked any hereditary right. He was opposed by his uncle King Henry who
bribed his supporters in Ghent and eastern Flanders. Lille rebelled 1 Aug 1127, and Saint-Omer 8
Feb 1128[178].
His rival Thierry d'Alsace captured Lille, Furnes and Gent[179] and was recognised as Count at
Bruges 30 Mar 1128[180].
Guillaume besieged Aalst in Jul 1128, helped by Godefroi Duke of Lower
Lotharingia, but was injured and died from his wounds[181].
b)
other
children - see KINGS
of ENGLAND.
3.
ROBERT ([1035]-13 Oct 1093). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum
Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde
uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" the children of "Balduinum
Insulanum [et] Adelam"[182]. He was Regent of the County of Holland
1062-1071, during the minority of his stepson.
He succeeded his nephew in 1071 as ROBERT I "le Frison"
Count of Flanders.
- see below.
ROBERT de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN V "le
Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1035]-13
Oct 1093).
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum
cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum"
the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[183]. "Robertus filius Balduini comitis
Insulani" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[184].
Recorded by Orderic Vitalis as uncle of Robert de Normandie[185].
The Annales Blandinienses record that 1063 "Rodbertus, Baldwini potentissimi iunior filius,
Frisiam subintrat"[186].
He was Regent of the County of Holland 1062-1071, during the minority of
his stepson. He rebelled against his
nephew Arnoul III Count of Flanders and defeated him at the battle of Cassel 22
Feb 1071, succeeding as ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of
Flanders. He was recognised as Count
by Philippe I King of France after Robert transferred Corbie to him, the
arrangement being confirmed by the King's marriage to Count Robert's
stepdaughter Bertha of Holland[187].
Relations with William I King of England were poor, culminating in Count
Robert's planned naval attack in 1085 with his son-in-law Knud II King of
Denmark, although the enterprise ended when the latter was assassinated[188].
He made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem between 1086 and 1090[189].
On his way back, he entered the service of Alexios I Emperor of
Byzantium[190].
The Annales Blandinienses record the death "III Id Oct 1093" of "Rodbertus,
primus huius nominis Flandrić marchysus"[191].
m
(1063) as her second husband, GERTRUD of Saxony,
widow of FLORIS
I Count of Holland, daughter of BERNHARD II Duke of Saxony [Billung]
& his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 18 Jul or 4
Aug 1113, bur Veurne). "Gertrudis"
is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[192].
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem"
wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam
Florentii comitis Fresonum"[193]. The Genealogia
ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam
Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem"
as children of "Bernardum"[194].
The Annales
Egmundani specify that Robert acquired the "comitatum Hollandić et Fresić" by marrying Gertrud[195]. The necrology of the abbey
of Saint-Denis records the death "XV
Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis
comitissa"[196].
Count Robert & his wife had six children:
1.
ADELA de Flandre ([1065]-Apr 1115). The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin specifies that
"filia primogenita Robert Frisonis et Gertrudis" was the wife
of "Canuti regis Dacie", but does not give her name[197].
The Annales Blandinienses name "Athelć amitć [Balduini comes]" the mother of
"Karolus"[198].
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana specifies that "Robertus comes cognomento Frisio"
had three daughters "quarum prima nupsit Kanuto regi Danorum, quam
postea habuit Rogerus dux Apulie"[199]. Malaterra names the wife of
"dux Rogerius" as "neptem Francorum regis Philippi filiam
Flandrensium marchionis Roberti…Adalalam"[200]. She was regent in Apulia
1111-1114 for her son Guillaume Duke of Apulia.
The Lamberti Audomariensis Chronica records the death "5
Kal Apr" of "Athela ducissa Apulić…filia Roberti Flandrić
comitis, uxor Rogerii ducis", although the year is not specified[201]. m firstly ([1080]) KNUD II “den Hellige/the Holy” King of
Denmark, illegitimate son of SVEND II King of Denmark
& his mistress --- (-murdered Odense, St Albans
Church 10 Jul 1086, bur Odense, St Albans Church, later called St Knuds Church).
m secondly (1090) ROGER "Borsa/the Purse" Duke of Apulia,
son of ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" Duke of Apulia & his second wife
Sichelgaita di Salerno ([1061]-22 Feb 1111).
Adela & her first husband had three children:
a)
CARL of Denmark ([1084]-murdered Bruges 2 Mar 1127, bur Bruges, St Donatien, later
Saint-Sauveur).
"Carolus filius Canuti, regis Dacie, ex filia primogenita Robert
Frisonis et Gertrudis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[202].
"Caroli regis Danorum filii" is named in the donation
to Saint-Bertin of "Balduinus Flandrensium marchisus" dated
1119[203].
His mother took him to Flanders for safety after the murder of his
father in 1086. He made a pilgrimage to
Palestine in [1107][204].
He was received in Flanders in 1111 by Count Robert II. "Karolo et Wilhelmo nepotibus comitis"
were named in the grant to Saint-Bertin of "Balduinus Roberti iunioris
filius Flandrensium comes" dated 1119[205].
The Vita Karoli Comitis Flandrić specifies that Count Charles was given "comitatum
Ambianensem cum castello Incrensi" prior to his accession as count[206]. Enjoying close relations with Count Baudouin
VII who designated him his successor on his deathbed, he succeeded in 1119 as CHARLES
"the Good" Count of Flanders.
He was opposed by Dowager Countess Clémence who supported the
candidature of Guillaume d'Ypres[207].
During the captivity of Baudouin II King of Jerusalem 1123/24, a faction
hostile to the king offered the throne of Jerusalem to Count Charles, who
refused the offer[208].
He was one of the four candidates[209] for election to the throne of
Germany on the death of Emperor Heinrich V in 1125, supported in particular by
Friedrich Archbishop of Köln. He was a
popular Count in Flanders, releasing grain from his stores to help relieve the
severe famine of 1124/25 and making increased use of the courts to settle
disputes. He was opposed by Bertulf,
provost of St Donatien in Bruges, chancellor of Flanders, and leader of the
Erembald clan about whose servile origins a dispute arose. The Erembald clan arranged the Count's
assassination and offered the countship to Guillaume d'Ypres[210].
He was murdered while hearing mass in Bruges church[211].
m (before Jul 1119) as her first
husband, MARGUERITE
de Clermont, daughter of RENAUD Comte de
Clermont-en-Beauvaisis & his first wife Adela de Vermandois ([1104/05][212]-after 1145). The Vita Karoli
Comitis Flandrić names "nobilem puellam
Margaretam, Reinaldi comitis Clarmontensis filiam" wife of Count
Charles, specifying that the marriage took place before his accession[213]. She married secondly Hugues II “Candavčne”
Comte de Saint-Pol (-after 1145), and thirdly Baudouin d’Encre.
- other children: - see DENMARK.
2.
ROBERT (1065-[5 Oct] 1111, bur Arras St Vaast[214]). "Roberti filius eius [Robertus
Flandrensium comes]" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[215].
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum et Robertum" sons of
"Robertus [et] vidua Gertrude"[216]. He ruled with his father as joint Count of
Flanders from 1086[217].
He succeeded his father in 1093 as ROBERT II Count of Flanders. He joined the First Crusade in 1096, and was
joint-leader of a contingent with Robert Duke of Normandy and Etienne Comte de
Blois[218].
As the crusaders approached Antioch in Oct 1097, a contingent under
Count Robert captured Artah to the south-west[219].
After the capture of Jerusalem, he left Palestine for Europe in Sep 1099[220].
He helped Henry I King of England conquer Normandy from his brother
Robert in 1106, in accordance with the alliance agreed in the Treaty of Dover
1103 which was renewed in 1110[221].
He was among the forces of Louis VI King of France fighting Thibaut IV
Comte de Blois near Meaux, was trampled as the king fled with his men and died
a few days later[222].
According to William of Malmesbury[223], he was mortally wounded in a tournament. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis
records the death "III Non Oct"
of "Rotbertus Flandrensium comes"[224], which is consistent with the date of death of Count Robert II
shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[225]. However, it seems more
likely that this entry relates to Count Robert I (whose death is recorded on 13
Oct in another source, see above) as the same necrology also records the death
"XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa" who may be
identified with the wife of the older count Robert[226]. m (before 1092) as her first husband, CLEMENCE de Bourgogne, daughter of
GUILLAUME I Comte de Bourgogne & his wife Etiennette ---
([1078]-[1133]). "Clementie Flandrarum
comitisse" is named wife of "Robertus iunior" in the
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[227]. Orderic Vitalis names her
as wife of Count Robert but does not give her origin[228]. The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "Clementiam
filiam Willelmi comitis Burgundionum cognomento Testahardith" as the
wife of "Rodbertus Rodberti filius"[229]. No birth date, or estimated
birth date, is given in any of the sources consulted. However, she could not have been born much
later than 1078 given the birth of her first child (by her first husband) in
1093, nor much earlier given the birth of her last child (by her second
husband) soon after she remarried in [1125].
She was
appointed regent in Flanders during the absence of her husband on crusade[230].
She promoted the monastic movement and introduced Cluniac rule into
several abbeys in Flanders[231].
She founded Bourbourg Abbey with her husband [1103]. She opposed the succession in 1119 of Count
Charles, supporting the candidature of Guillaume d'Ypres[232].
She married secondly ([1125]) as his second wife, Godefroi V Duke of Lower Lotharingia.
The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the death in [1133] of "Clementia Roberti iunioris vidua"
and specifies that "eatenus pene
terciam partem Flandrie dotis loco tenuit"[233].
a)
BAUDOUIN ([1092/93]-Boulers 17 Jun 1119, bur Saint Bertin[234]). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum
et Guillelmum" sons of "Rodbertus [et] Clementiam"[235]. His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis,
who says he was "still a boy" when he succeeded his father[236] in 1111 as BAUDOUIN VII Count
of Flanders. He refused to return
her marriage portion to his mother who instigated a rebellion of south Flemish
barons with the help of Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, but was forced to
submit. He supported Guillaume
"Clito" de Normandie against Henry I King of England in 1118, invaded
Normandy as far as Arques, but in Sep 1118 was wounded "for his helmet
being battered with repeated strokes, he received an injury to his brain"[237].
He passed the last ten months of his life in the monastery of St Bertin[238].
He designated Charles of Denmark as his successor on his deathbed[239], although the accuracy of this statement
is dubious if his brain injuries were severe.
The Annales Blandinienses record that "Balduinus comes, Rodberti iunioris et
Clementić filius" was 26 years old when he became a monk after a
distinguished military career[240].
The Vita Karoli Comitis Flandrić; records the death "1119 15 Kal Iulii" of Count
Baudouin, and his burial at St Bertin[241]. m (1110, divorced) HAVISE de Bretagne,
daughter of ALAIN IV "Fergant" Duke of Brittany & his second wife
Ermengarde d'Anjou. The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
refers to the wife of "Balduinum comitem" as "filiam
Alani Fregani comitis Brittanić", but does not name her[242]. The Flandria
Generosa names "filiam Alani comitis
Brittanić" as the wife of "Balduinus Inclitus",
specifying that they were separated by Pope Pascal II on grounds of
consanguinity[243].
The source which identifies her name has not been found.
b)
GUILLAUME de Flandre (1094-1109, bur Saint-Bertin). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum
et Guillelmum" sons of "Rodbertus [et] Clementiam"[244]. "Guillelmus fratrem meum" is
named in the donation to Saint-Bertin of "Balduinus Flandrensium
marchisus" dated 1119, which also specifies Guillaume's burial place[245] and in another passage states
that he died before his father[246].
c)
[PHILIPPE]
de Flandre (1095-young). The Liber de
Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records that "Clementia
cum de viro suo comite Roberto genuisset tres filios infra tres annos"
but does not name any of them[247].
3.
PHILIPPE de Flandres "de Loo" (-before 1127). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum
et Robertum" sons of "Robertus [et] vidua Gertrude"[248]. "Philippi fratris Roberi iunioris
Flandrie comitis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[249].
The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names "Rodbertum et Philippum" the two sons of
"Rodbertus Barbatus [et] Gertrude", specifying that Philippe
was buried at "Bergis"[250]. "Philippus filius Roberti marchionis cognomento Frisonis"
transferred rights to the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Loo by charter dated 1093
which also names "fratris mei
Roberti comiti Flandrie"[251].
Mistress (1): ---. According to Vanderkindere, she was "a wool carder"[252].
Philippe de Loo had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):
a)
GUILLAUME d’Ypres
([1090]-[1165]). "Willelmus de
Lo, ex concubina filius Philippi, fratris Roberti iunioris, Flandrie comitis"
is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[253]. Orderic Vitalis incorrectly describes him as
the son of Robert Count of Flanders[254]. He claimed the county of Flanders in 1119 on
the succession of Count Charles, supported by Dowager Countess Clémence[255]. "Willelmus Philippi comitis
filius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Loo with the
consent of "uxore mea"
(unnamed) by charter dated 1093[256]. After learning of the assassination of Count
Charles in 1127, Guillaume besieged the castle of Bruges, in which the
murderers had taken refuge, until the arrival of Louis VI King of France and
Guillaume "Clito" de Normandie[257]. He was offered the countship in 1127 by the
Erembald clan which arranged the assassination of Count Charles[258]. He was captured at Ypres 26 Apr 1127, taken
ot Bruges in Sep and in Oct to Lille, but released on promising to help Count
Guillaume[259]. He resisted the succession of Thierry
d'Alsace in 1128 from the castle of "Sclusa"[260]. He was presumably reconciled with Count
Thierry as "Willelmo filio Philippi comitis"
subscribed the charter dated 1130 under which "Theoderici…comitis Flandrie…cum…uxore mea Suanehilda"
confirmed the privileges and possessions of the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Loo[261]. He was expelled from Flanders in [1133] and
went to England[262] where he was
placed in charge of the Flemish mercenaries in the army of Stephen King of
England. King Stephen granted him land
in Kent, where he founded Boxley Abbey in [1144/46]. He led the opposition in Kent after the
arrival in England of Empress Matilda[263]. He retained contacts with Flanders as shown
by the donation of "Willelmus de Ypra" to the abbey of
saint-Pierre de Loo by charter dated 1148[264]. He went blind towards the end of King
Stephen's reign[265]. After the accession of King Henry II in 1154,
Guillaume left England and retired to his château of Loo[266]. The Flandria Generosa names "Willelmo
[de Lo]", specifying that he was buried in "castro suo quod dicitur Lo"[267].
m
---. "Uxore mea"
(unnamed) consented to the donation by "Willelmus Philippi comitis filius"
to the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Loo by charter dated 1093[268].
4.
OGIVE [Marie] de Flandre (before
1071-Apr before 1141). The Flandria Generosa refers to a daughter
of Count Robert & Gertrude as "apud Mescinas sanctimonialis et
abbatissa venerabilis", but does not name her[269].
The Chronica
Monasterii Sancti Bertini names "Ogieva" as
the fourth sister of "Robertus
Frisionis"[270].
Although the source mistakes "daughters" for
"sisters", it is possible that the first name is correct[271].
Abbess of Messines before 1107.
5.
BAUDOUIN
de Flandre (-before 1080). He is named
as son of Count Robert in Europäische
Stammtafeln[272] but the primary source on which
this is based has not been identified.
6.
GERTRUDE de Flandre (-[1115/26]). Her parentage and both her marriages are
deduced from the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin in which is named "Gertrude
filia Roberti Frisonis, vidua Henrici Bruselensis" mother of "Theodericum"
who is in turn named "filium Theoderici ducis de Helsath"[273].
The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana specifies that "Robertus comes cognomento Frisio"
had three daughters "tercia Theoderico comiti Alsatie [nupsit]"[274]. m firstly HENRI III Comte de Louvain,
son of HENRI II Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela
[Adelheid] in der Betuwe
(-Tournai 5 Feb 1095). He was
killed in a tournament. m secondly (Han-sur-Lesse 15 Aug 1095) as his
second wife, THIERRY II Duke of Lorraine,
son of GERARD Duke of Upper Lotharingia & his wife Hadwide [de Namur] (-23
Jan 1115).
children of second marriage:
a)
THIERRY
de Lorraine
([1099/1101]-17 Jan 1168). He is named in the Cartulaire de
Saint-Bertin, which also specifies his parentage[275].
He succeeded in 1128 as THIERRY I Count of Flanders.
- see below, Part B COUNTS OF FLANDERS 1128-1191, House of LORRAINE.
- other children - see LORRAINE.
THIERRY de Lorraine, son of THIERRY II Duke of Lorraine & his second wife Gertrude de Flandre ([1099/1101]-Gravelines 17 Jan 1168). He is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which also specifies his parentage[276]. After the election of Guillaume de Normandie as Count of Flanders in Mar 1127, nobles in Gent invited Thierry d'Alsace to intervene. He captured Lille, Furnes and Gent[277] and was recognised as Count at Bruges 30 Mar 1128[278]. After Count Guillaume died from injuries received at the battle of Aalst 28 Jun 1128, Thierry was generally accepted as THIERRY I Count of Flanders. He went to Palestine in 1138, and joined Louis VII King of France in Jun 1147 on the Second Crusade[279]. He returned to Palestine in 1157, took part in campaigns with Baudouin III King of Jerusalem[280], and again in 1164[281]. The Flandria Generosa specifies that "Theodericus comes monarchiam Flandrie" was buried in "cenobio Watinensi"[282].
m firstly SWANHILDE --- (-4 Sep 1132). "Suavehildis" is named "uxor enim Theoderici comitis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which records her death and specifies "pro qua ex cognatione consanguinitatis idem erat occulte" without giving further details of the relationship[283]. The Flandria Generosa names "comitissa etiam Suanildis", when recording her death and the bad luck which resulted from her consanguinity with her husband[284]. "Theoderici…comitis Flandrie…cum generosa uxore mea Suanehilda" confirmed the privileges and possessions of the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Loo by charter dated 1130, subscribed by "Willelmo filio Philippi comitis"[285].
m secondly (1134) as her second husband, SIBYLLE d’Anjou, divorced wife of GUILLAUME “Clito” de Normandie Count of Flanders, daughter of FOULQUES V Comte d’Anjou & Aremburge de Maine ([1112/16]-Bethlehem 1165, bur Bethlehem, Abbey of St Lazarus). She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and records her two marriages[286]. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the marriage of "Sibillam comitis Andegavensis filiam" with Thierry after the death of his first wife[287]. She left France with her second husband in Jun 1147 on the Second Crusade[288]. She accompanied her husband to Palestine in 1157 but refused to return with him to Europe in 1158. She became a nun at the convent of St Lazarus at Bethany. After the death of her sister-in-law Mélisende Queen of Jerusalem in 1161, Ctss Sibylle assumed a position of influence among the royal family of Jerusalem[289]. The Annales Aquicinctini record the death in 1165 of "Sibbilla comitissa Flandrie apud Sanctum Lazarum"[290].
Count Thierry I & his first wife had one child:
1.
LAURETTA
de Flandre ([1120]-Abbaye de Voorst, near Brussels
1170). The
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records that Count Thierry "ex priori uxore
unicam tantum filiam habuit quam Ivanus de Alosto postea sortitus est in
conjugium" but does not give her name[291]. The Flandria Generosa
names "Laurentiam" as the only daughter of "comitissa
etiam Suanildis", specifying that her marriage with "dux de
Lemburg" was terminated on grounds of consanguinity, that she
subsequently married "Iwanus de Alst", and after the latter's
death "Rodulfo comiti Peronensi" and "comiti de Namur",
although this switches her first and second husbands[292]. Nun at Voorst after she was
widowed. m
firstly (22 Sep 1139) IWAN Graf van Aalst,
son of BOUDEWIJN II van Gent & his wife --- (-8 Aug 1145). The Annales Blandinienses record the
death in 1144 of "Iwainus de Alst"[293]. m
secondly ([1150], divorced 1152 for reason of consanguinity) as his
second wife, HENRI II Comte d'Arlon [HENDRIK
II Hg van Limburg], son of WALERAN III Comte d'Arlon,
Graf van Limburg, Duke of Lower Lotharingia & his wife Jutta van Wassenburg
(-Rome Aug 1167). m thirdly (1152) as his third wife, RAOUL
I "le Vaillant" Comte de Vermandois,
son of HUGUES "le Maisné" de France Comte de Vermandois & his
wife Adelais Ctss de Vermandois, de Valois et de Crépy ([1094]-13 Oct 1152, bur
Priory of Saint-Arnoul de Crépy). m fourthly ([1152/59], divorced 1163) as his
first wife, HENRI "l’Aveugle" Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg,
son of GODEFROI Comte de Namur & his wife Ermesinde de Luxembourg (1111-14
Aug 1196, bur Abbaye de Floreffe).
Count
Thierry I & his second wife had seven children:
2.
BAUDOUIN
de Flandre (-before 1154). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names (in order) "Balduinum, Philippum, Matheum et Petrum" as
the four sons of "comes Flandrie Theodericus [et] Sibillam",
specifying that Baudouin "in pueritia mortuo"[294]. "Sibilla
Flandrensium comitissa" donated property to Arras St Vaast naming
"maritus meus comes Theodericus…cum
filio nostro Balduino" dated 1148[295].
3. PHILIPPE de Flandre (-Acre 1 Jul 1191, bur Acre St Nicholas, transferred to Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum, Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam"[296]. He was installed as Count of Flanders in 1157 when his father left for Palestine, and continued to handle most administrative matters after his father returned in 1159[297]. He succeeded in [1167] as Comte de Vermandois, by right of his wife. He succeeded his father in 1168 as PHILIPPE Count of Flanders. He was in Palestine in 1173, and landed at Acre again in Sep 1177 when his primary aim was to arrange marriages between the daughters of Amaury I King of Jerusalem with the sons of one of his vassals Robert de Béthune. He took part in the siege of Hama with Raymond Count of Tripoli and in the siege of Harenc with Bohémond III Prince of Antioch, but left Palestine for Constantinople [May] 1178[298]. He was adviser to Philippe II King of France in 1180 after the latter's accession[299], and arranged the King's marriage to his niece Isabelle de Hainaut giving Artois as her dowry. On the death of his first wife, Count Philippe refused to relinquish the counties of Vermandois and Valois to her successor, which triggered war with France, settled by the transfer of the territories under the Treaty of Boves in Jul 1185, ratified at Amiens 20 Mar 1186, although Count Philippe was permitted to retain the title Comte de Vermandois for life[300]. He returned to Palestine in 1189, and died of plague during the course of the siege of Acre[301]. He designated his brother-in-law Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut as his successor but Philippe II King of France claimed that Flanders had escheated to the French crown in default of male heirs[302]. His final illness and death are recorded by William of Tyre (Continuator)[303]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 1191 of "Philippus Flandrie et Viromandie comes magnificus"[304]. The Flandria Generosa records his death "Kal Iulii 1191" at Acre, his burial in the "basilica sancti Nicholai" in Acre, and the repatriation of his body, arranged by his widow, to "Claramvallem"[305]. m firstly (Beauvais 1156) ELISABETH de Vermandois, daughter of RAOUL I "le Vaillant" Comte de Vermandois et de Valois & his second wife Aélis [Petronelle] d'Aquitaine (1143-Arras 28 Mar 1183, bur Amiens Cathedral). The Annales Blandinienses record the marriage of "Philippus filius suus [=Theodericus comes]" with "filiam Rodulfi comitis Peronensis"[306]. The Flandria Generosa names "Ysabelem filiam comitis Viromandensis" wife of "Philippus"[307]. She succeeded her brother in [1167] as ELISABETH Ctss de Vermandois et de Valois on his resignation of the county due to illness[308]. The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1182 of "Elisabeth comitissa" specifying that she was buried "Attrebati in ecclesia beate Maria"[309]. m secondly (Aug 1183) as her first husband, Infanta dona MAFALDA de Portugal, Senhora de Montemayor el Viejo e Ourem, daughter of dom AFONSO I King of Portugal & his wife Mathilde de Savoie (1157-drowned off Furnes, Flanders 6 May 1218, bur Abbaye de Clairvaux, Jura). Known as TERESA from birth, she adopted the name MAFALDA in [1173/74] after the death of her older sister of that name, and was later known as MATHILDE. The Flandria Generosa specifies that on her marriage she was given "Insulam et Duacum et plures…villas…iacentes, Caslethuin, Watenes, Bergas, Burburgium, totamque maritimmam regionem"[310]. The Flandria Generosa names "Mathildis regine Portusequalis" as wife of Count Philippe, specifying that she arranged the repatriation of her husband's body to "Claramvallem"[311]. After the death of her husband, she received her widow's portion in southern and coastal Flanders but increased taxes so much that she provoked rebellions at Veurne [Furnes] and the castellany of Bourbourg[312]. She married secondly (1193, separated 1195) as his first wife, Eudes III Duke of Burgundy [Capet]. She was designated regina and Ctss of Flanders when she promised her second husband not to marry again without his permission[313]. The Flandria Generosa records that she was "amita" of "Fernando filio regis Portusequalis" and instrumental in arranging his marriage to her first husband's great-niece Jeanne Ctss of Flanders[314]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comitissa vetus de Flandria relicta comitis Philippi" and her burial next to her husband at Clairvaux[315]. She died when her carriage accidentally fell into a marsh near Furnes[316].
Mistress (1): ---. The name of Count Philippe's mistress is not known.
Count Philippe had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):
a)
THIERRY de Flandre (-after 1207). Villehardouin names "Thierry, the son of the Comte Philippe de
Flandre" among those who joined the Fourth Crusade in 1199[317]. He is named "Bauduins chevalier
d'Amienz qui estoit parent de l'empereor" by William of Tyre
(Continuator) when recording his departure on crusade and marriage at Marseille[318]. He is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[319] as the
illegitimate son of Count Philippe but the primary source on which this is
based has not been identified. He was
one of the leaders of the Flemish contingent in the Fourth Crusade. He left Flanders by sea on
"l'Estoire", arriving at Marseille end-1202[320]. When he arrived in Cyprus, he requested
Aimery I King of Cyprus to transfer the island to him, by right of his wife,
but was expelled and left for Armenia[321]. He was at Constantinople in 1207, and fought
against Kalojan Tsar of the Bulgarians near Adrianople in Jul 1207[322]. m
(Marseille 1203) as her second husband, --- Komnene "la Damsel de Chypre",
divorced wife of RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse,
daughter of ISAAKIOS Dukas Komnenos ex-Emperor of Cyprus & his first wife
--- of Armenia [Rupenid] ([1177/78]-after 1204). She is referred to as "fille de
l'empereor de Chypre" by William of Tyre (Continuator) when he records her
presence at Marseille where she met and married her husband en route to the
Crusade[323].
4.
MATHIEU de Flandre ([1137]-killed in battle Driencourt 25 Dec
1173, bur Abbaye de Saint-Josse). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum,
Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius
ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam"[324]. The Annales
Blandinienses record "Matheus frater eius [=Philippus comes
Flandrić] Boloniensis comes" taking part with his brother in a
military expedition against Holland in 1166[325]. He succeeded in 1160 as
Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer, by right of his wife. He led the Flemish contingent in support of
Louis VII King of France against Henry II King of England and was mortally
wounded by an arrow at the siege of the château de Driencourt in Normandy[326]. The Flandria Generosa
specifies that he was buried "apud Sanctum Iudocum"[327]. m firstly (before 1160, annulled 1169/70) MARIE de
Blois Ctss de Boulogne, daughter of STEPHEN King of
England & his wife Mathilde Ctss de Boulogne-sur-Mer ([1136]-Montreuil
1182, bur Montreuil). The Flandria Generosa names "Mariam
filiam Stephani regis Anglie" wife of Mathieu[328].
She is named daughter of King Stephen by Matthew Paris, when he records
her marriage[329].
The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Mariam abbatissam" daughter of "Stephano,
filio Stephani Blesensis comitis" & his wife Mathilde, specifying
that "Matheus filius Theoderici comitis Flandrensis, licet illicite,
duxit abbatissam" and that they were parents of two daughters[330].
She became a novice at Lillechurch Priory, Kent,
later transferred to Romsey Abbey, Hampshire where she became a nun between 1148
and 1155. Elected Abbess of Romsey
1155. She succeeded her brother in 1159 as MARIE
Ctss de Boulogne-sur-Mer. Her
future husband abducted her from the convent and forced her to marry him. After the annulment of her marriage, she
became a nun at the Benedictine nunnery of St Austrebert near Montreuil[331].
m secondly (1171) as her third
husband, ELEONORE de Vermandois, widow firstly of GODEFROI de Hainaut Graf van Oostrevant
and secondly of GUILLAUME IV Comte de Nevers et d'Auxerre,
daughter of RAOUL I “le Vaillant” Comte de Vermandois et de Valois & his
second wife Aélis [Petronille] d'Aquitaine ([1148/49]-[19/21] Jun 1213, bur
Abbaye de Longpont). The Chronicon Hanoniense
names "Aenoram Radulphi comitis
Viromandie filiam" as wife of "Godefridum [filium Alidis comitissa Hanonensis…cum viro Balduino
comite]", and in a later passage refers to her subsequent marriages to
"Willelmo comiti Nivernensi…[et]
Matheo comiti Boloniensi…[et] comiti Bellimontis in Francia Matheo"[332]. The Flandria Generosa refers to the second wife of Mathieu as "sororem
Flandrensis comitisse"[333].
She claimed the succession to Vermandois on the death of her sister in
1183, and succeeded in 1186 as Ctss de Valois.
She succeeded as ELEONORE Ctss de Vermandois
in 1192. She married fourthly ([1175]) Matthieu III Comte de
Beaumont-sur-Oise.
Comte
Matthieu & his first wife had two children:
a)
IDA de Flandre ([1160/61]-21 Apr 1216, bur Boulogne). The Flandria
Generosa specifies that "frater Philippi
secundus natu Matheus" had two daughters by his wife "comitissam
Boloniensem", specifying that the older daughter (unnamed) married
"Rainaldo comiti de Danmartin" against the wishes of her
friends[334].
The Chronicon
Hanoniense names "Idam…et
Mathildem" as the two daughters of "Matheus [comiti Boloniensi]" & his wife, specifying that
Ida married "primus…Gerardo comiti
de Ghelra, deinde Bertoldo Cheringiorum duci, postea Rainaldo comiti
Dommi-Martini in Francia"[335]. She succeeded her father in 1173 as IDA
Ctss de Boulogne-sur-Mer. The Chronica Andrensis
records the death in1216 of "Ida
Bolonie comitissa in Flandria" and her burial at Boulogne[336]. m firstly (divorced) MATHIEU, son of ---. m secondly
(1181) GERHARD van Gelderland, son of
HENDRIK Graf van Gelderland en Zutphen & his wife Agnes von Arnstein
([1140]-1181). The
Annales Egmundani record the marriage
in 1181 of "filiam comitis Bolonić
Mathei" and "comes
Gelrensis…Gerardus" and his death later the same year, specifying that
his widow took away by force everything which had been granted to her at the
time of the marriage[337]. m thirdly (1183) as his second wife, BERTHOLD IV
Herzog von Zähringen, son of KONRAD Herzog von Zähringen
[Baden] & his wife Clémence de Namur (-8 Sep 1186, bur St Peter im
Schwarzwald). [338]Betrothed (after 1186) to ARNOUL de
Guines Seigneur d'Ardres, son of BAUDOUIN II Comte de
Guines & his wife Christine d'Ardres (-1220). He succeeded his father in 1205 as ARNOUL II Comte de
Guines. m fourthly (Apr 1190) as his second wife, as his first wife, RENAUD de Dammartin, son of AUBRY [II]
Comte de Dammartin & his wife Mathilde [Mabille] de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
([1165/70]-Château de Goulet 21 Apr 1217, bur Boulogne). He kidnapped his future second wife and kept her at the château de
Riste in Lorraine, where he lured her fiancé (Arnoul de Guines Seigneur
d'Ardres) and arranged his arrest by Albert de Hičrges Bishop of Verdun[339].
He succeeded in 1192 as Comte de Boulogne. He succeeded his father in 1200 as Comte de Dammartin. Philippe II King of France installed him in
1205 as Comte d'Aumâle and in 1209 as Comte de Mortain. He swore homage to John King of England in
1212, and his assets in France were confiscated in King Philippe II. He was captured after the battle of Bouvines
in 1214 and imprisoned at the château de Goulet where he later committed
suicide[340].
b)
MATHILDE de Flandre (1170-Louvain 16 Oct
1210, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Flandria
Generosa specifies that "frater Philippi
secundus natu Matheus" had two daughters by his wife "comitissam
Boloniensem", specifying that the younger daughter (unnamed) married
"Henricus dux Brabancie"[341].
The Chronicon
Hanoniense names "Idam…et
Mathildem" as the two daughters of "Matheus [comiti Boloniensi]" & his wife, specifying that
Mathilde married "Henricus dux
Lovaniensis"[342]. m (contract Antwerp
1179, 1180) as his
first wife, HENRI de
Brabant, son of GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower
Lotharingia, Duc de Louvain, Comte de Brabant & his first wife Margareta
van Limburg (1165-Köln 5 Sep 1235, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint
Pierre) (-5 Oct
1235). He
succeeded in 1180 as HENRI Duke of Lower
Lotharingia, in 1183 as Duc de Louvain, and in 1191 as HENRI I "le
Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant.
Comte Matthieu & his second wife had one child:
c)
[daughter]
(-young). The Flandria Generosa specifies that Mathieu
& his second wife had "liberos…sed omnes infra pueritiam defunctos
fuisse"[343]. There is little time between the date of the
second marriage of Count Mathieu and the date of his death for more than one
child to have been born.
5.
PIERRE de Flandre (-1176 before Aug). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum,
Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius
ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam", specifying in another manuscript that
Pierre was "preposituram Brugensem et Audomarensem"[344]. Provost at Bruges and
Saint-Omer. The Flandria Generosa
specifies that "tertius frater Petrus…cum esset clericus et electus
Cameracensis" but resigned the appointment and married "comitissam
de Nevers"[345]. The Chronicle of Alberic de
Trois-Fontaines also records that election of "Petrus frater comitis
Flandrie Philippi et comitis Mathei Boloniensis" as Bishop of Cambrai and his resignation, followed by his
marriage to "comitissam Nivernensem"[346]. Elected Bishop of Cambrai
in 1167, but he resigned his ecclesiastical appointments in 1173 after the
death of his older brother Matthieu[347]. Comte de Nevers 1175 in
right of his wife. m (1176) as her third husband, MATHILDE de Bourgogne,
widow firstly of EUDES III Seigneur d’Issoudun and secondly of GUY I Comte de Nevers, daughter of RAIMOND de Bourgogne
Seigneur de Grignon et de Vitteaux [Capet] & his wife Agnčs de Thiers Dame
de Montpensier (1150-17 Dec [1219], bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). Her marriage to Pierre de Flandre is proved
by the charter dated 1182 under which "Matildis comitissa" donated
property to Cîteaux for the souls of "Guidonis
comitis Nivernensis, Petri Flandrensis et Odonis" with the consent of
"filie mee Agnes…filia comitis
Guidonis et Sibilla filia comitis Petri flandrensis"[348]. She married fourthly ([1177/80], annulled on
grounds of consanguinity 1181) as his first wife, Robert de Dreux, who
succeeded his father in 1184 as Robert II Comte de Dreux. After the annulment of her fourth marriage,
she became a nun at Fontevrault.
a)
SIBYLLE de Flandre ([1176]-after 1236). The Flandria Generosa names "Sibillam
filiam [Petri et comitissam de Nevers]"[349].
The Chronicon
Hanoniense refers to the daughter of "Petrus…fratris…comits Flandrie et Viromandie" as "[uxor] Roberto…de Wavrin" but does
not name her[350]. "Matildis comitissa" donated property to Cîteaux for the souls
of "Guidonis comitis Nivernensis,
Petri Flandrensis et Odonis" with the consent of "filie mee Agnes…filia comitis Guidonis et
Sibilla filia comitis Petri flandrensis" by charter dated 1182[351]. Heiress of Saint-Vlaast, Lillers and
Vladslo. m
(before 1193) ROBERT de Wavrin
Seneschal of Flanders, son of HELIE de Wavrin Seneschal of Flanders & his
wife Tirsella d'Arras (-before 1197).
6. GERTRUDE de Flandre (-3 Mar after 1186). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum, Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam", not naming the daughters but specifying that "quarum primogenita nupsit Amico comiti Intermontano"[352]. The Flandria Generosa names (in order) "Gertrudem et Margaretam" as the two daughters of Count Thierry & his second wife[353]. The Flandria Generosa, in a later manuscript, names "Gertrudis primogenita" and her first husband "comiti de Moriana", from whom she was separated, and her second husband "Hugoni de Oisi", specifying that she later became a nun at "Mencinis"[354]. She became a nun at Messines [1176/77]. m firstly ([1155], divorced before 1162) as his second wife, HUMBERT III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, son of AMEDEE III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie & his wife Mathilde d'Albon [Viennois] (1136-4 Mar 1189). m secondly (after 1158) as his first wife, HUGUES [III] d'Oisy Châtelain de Cambrai, son of SIMON d'Oisy, châtelain de Cambrai & his wife Ade de la Ferté-Ancoul-sous-Jouarre (-29 Aug 1189).
7.
MARGUERITE de Flandre ([1145]-15 Nov 1194). The Flandria
Generosa names (in order) "Gertrudem et
Margaretam" as the two daughters of Count Thierry & his second
wife[355].
The Annales Elnonenses records the wife of "Balduinus
comes Hainonie" being "sororem [Philippus comes Flandrie]"[356].
The Flandria Generosa specifies that Marguerite married "Radulfo filio predicti
comitis Radulfi" who contracted leprosy and from whom she was
separated[357].
The Chronicon
Hanoniense records the marriage "tempore
Paschali mense April 1169" of "Balduinus" and "Margharetam…Mathie
comitis Boloniensis sororem"[358]. Her second marriage was arranged by her
brother Count Philippe in order to improve relations with the county of
Hainaut. She succeeded her brother in
1191 as MARGUERITE I Ctss of Flanders.
The Annales Blandinienses record the
death in 1194 of "Margareta comitissa Flandrić"[359]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records the death in 1194 of "comitissa Marghareta" and her
burial at "Brugis in monasterio
Sancti Donaciani"[360]. m firstly ([1160], non-consummated,
separated) RAOUL II Comte de Vermandois,
son of RAOUL I "le Vaillant" Comte de Vermandois [Capet] & his
second wife Aélis [Petronille] d'Aquitaine (1145-17 Jun 1176, bur Abbaye de
Longpont). m
secondly (Apr 1169) BAUDOUIN de Hainaut,
son of BAUDOUIN IV “le Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut & his wife Alice de
Namur (1150-Mons 17 Dec 1195). The Flandria Generosa names "Balduinus
comes Hainonie" as husband of "Margaretam sororem Philippi",
specifying that he succeeded his brother-in-law as Count of Flanders[361].
He succeeded his father in 1171 as BAUDOUIN
V Comte de Hainaut. He
succeeded his brother-in-law in 1191 as BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders.
- see below, Chapter 2. COUNTS of FLANDERS & COMTES de HAINAUT
1191-1244.
8.
MATHILDE de Flandre. She
is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[362] as the daughter of Count Thierry
but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. Abbess of Fontevrault. 1187.
Count
Thierry I had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:
9.
GERARD d'Alsace dit de Flandre
(-1206). Provost at Bruges. Chancellor of Flanders. He was a member of the Regency Council which
was established in [1202] during the absence of Baudouin IX Count of Flanders
on Crusade[363].
10.
GUILLAUME "Bron"
(-1167 or before). Philippe d'Alsace
donated property for the soul of "fratris
mei W. cognomine Bron" by charter dated 1167 subscribed by "Christiana vidua fratris mei"[364]. m CHRISTIANE ---.
a)
GUILLAUME
Bron
(-1202 or after). Baudouin IX Count of
Flanders issued a charter dated 1202 naming "Wilhelmus Brohon consanguineus meus, filius Wilhelmi Brohon"[365].
11.
CONON . He is named by Du Chesne[366].
BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN IV “le
Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut & his wife Alice de Namur (1150-Mons 17 Dec
1195). The
Flandria Generosa names
"Balduinus comes Hainonie" as husband of "Margaretam
sororem Philippi", specifying that he succeeded his brother-in-law as
Count of Flanders[367].
He succeeded his father in 1171 as BAUDOUIN
V Comte de Hainaut, and as heir to Henri Comte de Namur et de
Luxembourg. He supported Philippe II
King of France when war broke out with Philippe Count of Flanders over the
inheritance of the counties of Vermandois and Valois in 1183[368].
After the unexpected birth in 1186 of Ermesinde, daughter of Henri Comte
de Namur et de Luxembourg, the latter revoked his assurance concerning
Baudouin's succession in these two counties.
In 1188, Comte Henri was obliged to reinstate Baudouin as his heir after
a verdict in the latter's favour from Heinrich VI King of Germany. Comte Baudouin attacked Namur, captured Comte
Henri and obtained a confirmation of his position from Emperor Friedrich I who
also secretly created him Marquis de Namur.
Under a compromise reached in 1190, Baudouin received Namur immediately,
and the expectation of Laroche and Durbuy after the death of Henri; the fate of
Luxembourg was not mentioned. The
creation of the Marquisate of Namur, and the elevation of Baudouin as Marquis
de Namur, was announced at Worms in 1190[369].
Although designated as successor in Flanders by his brother-in-law
Philippe Count of Flanders, Philippe II King of France claimed in 1191 that
Flanders escheated to the French crown in default of male heirs on the death of
Count Philippe. The settlement was mediated
by the Archbishop of Reims and formalised in the Treaty of Arras[370].
Comte Baudouin was eventually enfeoffed as BAUDOUIN VIII Count of
Flanders 1 Mar 1192, by right of his wife, on payment of 5,000 silver marks
to the French king doing homage to Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany for the
Imperial part of Flanders[371].
On the death of his wife in 1194, Baudouin lost Flanders which was
inherited by their oldest son.
m
(Apr 1169) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Flandre,
daughter of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou
([1145]-15 Nov 1194, Bruges St Donat). The Chronicon Hanoniense
records the marriage "tempore
Paschali mense April 1169" of "Balduinus" and "Margharetam…Mathie
comitis Boloniensis sororem"[372]. She succeeded her brother in 1191 as MARGUERITE
I Ctss of Flanders. The Flandria Generosa specifies that she was
buried in Bruges St Donat[373].
Count Baudouin VIII & his wife had seven children:
1.
ISABELLE de Hainaut (Valenciennes Apr 1170-Paris 14/15 Mar 1190,
bur Notre Dame, Paris). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth
"mense Aprili 1170" of
"filiam Elizabeth" to
"Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie
comitis Boloniensis sororem"[374]. The Chronicle of Alberic de
Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth
Francie reginam…Hyolenz uxorem Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam
Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as the three daughters of "Balduinus [Haynaco]"[375]. The Annales S.
Benigni Divisionensis names the wife of Philippe II
King of France as "Elisabeth regina que fuit soror Balduini comitis
Flandrie", when recording the birth of their son Louis in 1187[376]. Her marriage was arranged by her maternal
uncle Philippe Count of Flanders while he was adviser to Philippe II King of
France in 1180 after the latter's accession, with Artois as her dowry[377].
Crowned Queen of France 29 May 1180, Abbaye de Saint-Denis. King Philippe planned to repudiate her in
1186, for lack of a male heir. The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth
Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins, specifying her burial
"in eccleisa beatć Marić Parisius"[378]. The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the death "1189 Id Mar" of "Elysabeth regina uxor Philippi Francorum
regis" and her burial "in
ecclesiam beatissime virginis Marie Parisius"[379]. The necrology of the abbey
of Saint-Denis records the death "II
Id Mar" of "Isabel regina
Francorum"[380]. Betrothed (1179) to HENRI de Champagne,
son of HENRI I "le Libéral" Comte de Champagne & his wife Marie
de France (29 Jul
1166-Acre 10 Sep 1197).
He succeeded his father in 1181 as HENRI II Comte de Champagne. The Chronicon
Hanoniense records the betrothal in 1179 of "Elizabeth filia comitis Hanoniensis" and "Henrico filio comitis Trecensis"[381]. According to Gade[382], Henri II Comte de Champagne was still betrothed to a daughter of
Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut when his betrothal to Ermengarde de Namur was
arranged. However, this could not have
been Isabelle who was married in 1180.
It is possible that the betrothal was to Isabelle's younger sister
Yolande. m (Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité, Bapaume,
Pas-de-Calais 28 Apr 1180) as his first wife, PHILIPPE II
“Auguste” King
of France, son of LOUIS VII King of France & his third wife Alix
de Champagne (Château de Gonesse, Val d’Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14
Jul 1223, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).
2. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut (Jul 1171-in prison in Bulgaria 11 Jun 1205). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "1171 mense Iulio…Valencenis" of "filium…Balduinum" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[383]. He succeeded his mother in 1194 as BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders, and his father in 1195 as BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut.
- see below.
3.
YOLANDE
de Flandre ([1175]-Constantinople 24 or 26 Aug
1219). The
Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth Francie reginam…Hyolenz uxorem
Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as
the three daughters of "Balduinus
[Haynaco]"[384]. In a later passage, the
same source names "Hyolenz…soror
comitis Philippi Namucensis" as wife of "comes Petrus Autisiodorensis", specifying that her husband
became Comte de Namur by right of his wife[385]. She succeeded as YOLANDE
Marquise de Namur in 1213. She was crowned Empress of Constantinople
with her husband by the Pope 9 Apr 1217 at Rome[386]. She was appointed Regent of
the Latin Empire of Constantinople after arriving safely by sea in 1217, in the
absence of her husband whose fate at that time was unknown. She was able to stop the attacks of Theodoros
Emperor of Nikaia, and arranged his marriage to her daughter Marie to seal the
peace which was agreed[387]. Betrothed
(1181, contract broken 1187) to HENRI II Comte de Champagne,
son of HENRI I "le Libéral" Comte de Champagne & his wife Marie
de France (29 Jul
1166-Acre 10 Sep 1197).
The Chronicon Hanoniense
records the marriage in 1181 of "Yolandem
Balduini comitis Hanoniensis filiam" and "Henricus primus comitis Campanensis filius"[388], but this was presumably only a betrothal as such a marriage is
unrecorded elsewhere. According to Gade[389], Henri II Comte de Champagne was still betrothed to a daughter of
Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut when his betrothal to Ermengarde de Namur was
arranged. Presumably this was
Yolande. m (contract
24 Jul 1193, Soissons 1 Jul 1193) as his second wife, PIERRE [II] Seigneur
de Courtenay, Comte de Nevers et
d'Auxerre, son of PIERRE de France Seigneur de Courtenay & his wife
Elisabeth de Courtenay Dame de Courtenay ([1155]-Epirus after Jun 1219). He accompanied Philippe II King of France on
the Third Crusade in 1190, returning to France in 1193. After his defeat by Hervé de Donzy following
their dispute over the château de Gien with Hervé de Donzy, Pierre de Courtenay
was confirmed as Comte d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre for life in 1199 but obliged to
cede the county of Nevers, as well as his daughter's hand in marriage, to
Hervé. Comte Pierre took part in the
crusade against the Albigeois in 1210 and was present at the siege of
Toulouse. He fought at the battle of
Bouvines in 1214[390]. He succeeded as Marquis de
Namur in 1213, by right of his second wife.
He was elected to succeed his brother-in-law Henri de Flandres in 1216
as PIERRE I Emperor of Constantinople. Leaving France, he travelled to Rome where he
was crowned 9 Apr 1217 by Pope Honorius III at the Church of San Lorenzo. He sent his wife and daughters directly to
Constantinople, but the Venetians persuaded him to help recapture Durazzo on
his way. After succeeding in this
enterprise, he was captured in the Albanian mountains by Theodoros Angelos Lord
of Epirus, and later executed[391].
4.
PHILIPPE
de Hainaut (Valenciennes Mar 1174-15 Oct 1212, bur
Namur, cathédrale de Saint-Aubin). The Flandria Generosa names (in order) "Balduinum, Philippum et Henricum"
as the three sons of Count Baudouin & his wife Marguerite, specifying that
Philippe was later Comte de Namur[392].
He succeeded as PHILIPPE
I "le Noble" Comte de Namur
in 1195, under the will of his father.
Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany transformed Namur into a Marquisate
in 1196. Marquis Philippe was captured
by the French in 1199, his brother Count Baudouin being obliged to agree the
Treaty of Péronne to secure his release[393]. He was a member of the
Council of Regency in Flanders during the absence of his brother Count Baudouin
IX on Crusade, and during the minority of his niece Ctss Jeanne until Jan 1212. He swore allegiance to Philippe II King of
France in 1206, his marriage to the King's daughter being arranged at the same
time[394]. [395]Betrothed (1193) to MATHILDE de Courtenay Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre, daughter of PIERRE II Seigneur
de Courtenay & his first wife Agnčs Ctss de Nevers et d'Auxerre ([1188]-29
Jul 1257, bur Abbaye de Réconfort, near Monceaux-le-Comte). m
(contract Aug 1206) as her first husband, MARIE de France, daughter of
PHILIPPE II "Auguste" King of France & his third wife Agnes von
Andechs-Merano (after 1197-15 Aug 1238, bur Louvain, église Saint Pierre). She married secondly (Soissons, Aisne 22 Apr
1213) as his second wife, Henri I Duke of Brabant.
5.
HENRI de
Hainaut ([1176]-murdered Thessaloniki 11 Jul 1216). The Flandria
Generosa names (in order) "Balduinum,
Philippum et Henricum" as the three sons of Count Baudouin & his
wife Marguerite, specifying that Henri later succeeded his brother Baudouin as
Emperor of Constantinople[396].
He succeeded as HENRI
I Emperor of Constantinople in 1206.
- LATIN EMPERORS of CONSTANTINOPLE.
6.
SIBYLLE de Hainaut (-9 Jan 1217, bur Cluny). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth Francie reginam…Hyolenz uxorem
Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as
the three daughters of "Balduinus
[Haynaco]"[397]. "Guichardus Belli Joci dominus" names "uxor et amica nostra Sibilla" in
his testament dated 18 Sep 1216[398]. m (after 1195) GUICHARD [IV] "le Grand" Sire de Beaujeu,
son of HUMBERT [IV] Sire de Beaujeu & his wife Agnčs de Thiern, dame de
Montpensier-en-Auvergne (-27 Sep 1216).
7.
EUSTACHE
de Hainaut
(-after 1217). Villehardouin names
"the Emperor's brother Eustache"
when recording that Emperor Henri sent him "across the straits to Spiga" after a truce was agreed with
Theodoros Laskaris[399]. Military commander
1206/1209. Regent of the Kingdom of
Thessaloniki 1210/16. m (betrothed [Jun/Jul] 1209) --- Angelina,
daughter of MIKAEL Komnenos Dukas [Angelos] Lord of Epirus & his first wife
--- Melissene. Her
marriage was arranged by her father to seal his alliance with the Latin Empire
of Constantinople[400].
Count
Baudouin VIII had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:
8.
GERARD (-after 12 Dec 1205).
9.
GODEFROI. Provost of St Audomar and St Donat at Bruges
1196. Provost at Mechelen. Archdeacon of Cambrai 1198. Provost of Saint-Amé de Douai 1202.
BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite I Ctss of Flanders (Jul 1171-in prison in Bulgaria 11 Jun 1205). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "1171 mense Iulio…Valencenis" of "filium…Balduinum" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[401]. The Flandria Generosa names (in order) "Balduinum, Philippum et Henricum" as the three sons of Count Baudouin & his wife Marguerite, specifying that Baudouin was later Emperor of Constantinople[402]. He succeeded his mother in 1194 as BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders, and his father in 1195 as BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut. Under the Treaty of Dinant 26 Jul 1199, he acquired Namur. He did homage to Philippe II King of France for Flanders and Hainaut, but then allied himself with Richard I King of England in Sep 1197. War broke out with France, and by end 1198 Count Baudouin had overrun northern Artois[403]. He was obliged to agree the Treaty of Péronne with France in Jan 1200 to secure the release of his brother Philippe de Namur from French custody, agreeing to give up his alliance with England although receiving Saint-Omer, Aire and Guines in return[404]. He was among the first leaders to take the cross following the call of Pope Innocent III. A Flemish fleet arrived at Acre end 1202 under the command of Jean de Nesle, châtelain de Bruges[405]. After the army of the Fourth Crusade took control of Constantinople 13 Apr 1204, a council of 6 Venetians and 6 Franks met to elect a new Latin Emperor, as agreed in the Acti Partitio Imperii Romanae the previous March between the crusaders and Venice. The votes of the Venetian block of electors ensured the success of Count Baudouin over the rival candidate, Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato, Enrico Dandolo Doge of Venice considering him the less powerful candidate[406]. At the same time, in accordance with the terms of the March treaty, Tomaso Morosini (from Venice) was installed as first Latin patriarch of Constantinople, his first task being to crown Baudouin as BAUDOUIN I Emperor of Constantinople[407] at St Sophia 16 May 1204. The constitution which was adopted gave little power to the Emperor whose decisions were subject to review by a council of tenants-in-chief which also directed military operations[408]. The new patriarch declared the union of the Catholic and Orthodox churches, but the Greek aristocracy in Thrace rebelled. Kalojan Tsar of Bulgaria intervened, defeated Baudouin near Adrianople 14 Apr 1205, and captured and transported him as a prisoner to Bulgaria where he died in prison soon after[409]. When news of Count Baudouin's death reached Flanders in Feb 1206, Philippe II King of France assumed his right as feudal overlord to the wardship of his two daughters[410].
m (Betrothed 1179, 6 Jan 1186) MARIE de Champagne, daughter of HENRI I “le Libéral” Comte de Champagne & his wife
Marie de France ([1174]-Jerusalem 9 Aug 1204).
The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names the two daughters of
"comitissa Maria Campaniensis"
as "Colatiam uxorem comitis Guilelmi
Matisconensis et Mariam uxorem comitis Balduini Flandrensis"[411]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records the betrothal in 1179 of "filia comitis Henrici Maria" and
"filium [comitis Flandrie]
Theobaldum", the latter presumably being an error for "Balduinum"[412]. William of Tyre
(Continuator) specifies that the sister of Henri II Comte de Champagne was
married to comte Baudouin, later Emperor[413]. The Flandria
Generosa names "Maria sorore Theobaldi
Campanić comitis" wife of Count Baudouin[414].
She visited Palestine in 1204 en route to join
her husband in Constantinople, received homage from Bohémond IV Prince of
Antioch at Acre[415], but died soon after at Jerusalem. The Flandria Generosa specifies that she died at "Acharon"[416].
Count
Baudouin IX of Flanders & his wife had two children:
1.
JEANNE de Flandre (Valenciennes
1200-Marquette near Lille 5 Dec 1244, bur Marquette). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Iohannam
et Margaretam" as the two daughters of "Balduinus"[417]. She succeeded her father as JEANNE Ctss of
Flanders and Ctss de Hainaut in Feb 1206 when news of his death reached
Flanders, under the regency of her uncle Philippe Marquis de Namur. The latter agreed to the demand of Philippe
II King of France to send the countess and her sister to Paris to be educated[418].
King Philippe arranged her first marriage. While returning to Flanders after her
marriage, she and her husband were captured by Louis, son of King Philippe II,
who occupied Aire and Saint-Omer, the occupation being ratified by the Treaty
of Pont-ŕ-Vedin 25 Feb 1212 as the price for their release[419].
After her husband's capture in 1214, Philippe II King of France forced
on her the Treaty of Paris 24 Oct 1214, under which major fortresses in southern
Flanders were destroyed, property restored to French partisans, and Flanders in
effect ruled from Paris[420].
King Philippe refused to negotiate her husband's release unless she
agreed to the annulment of her marriage and remarriage to Pierre
"Mauclerc" Duke of Brittany.
Civil war followed the appearance in 1224 of a hermit who claimed to be
Jeanne's father returned from captivity and subsided only after his execution
following a confrontation with Louis VIII King of France 30 May 1225[421].
She negotiated the Treaty of Melun in 1226 under which her husband was
returned on payment of 50,000 livres ransom[422].
The Annales Blandinienses record the
death in 1244 of "Iohanna comitissa" and her burial at "Market"[423]. The Necrologio Sanctć Waldetrudis records the death "Non Dec" of "Iohanne comitisse Flandrie et Hanoie"[424]. m firstly ([Paris] 1 Jan 1212) Infante
dom FERNANDO de Portugal, son of dom SANCHO I "o
Poblador" King of Portugal & his wife Infanta
dońa Dulcia de Aragón
(24 Mar 1188-Noyon 4 Mar or 26 Jul 1233, bur Marquette
near Lille). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names "fratrem
regis de Portigal, nomine Fernandum" husband of "Iohanna"[425]. He succeeded as FERRAND
Count of Flanders and Hainaut in 1212, by right of his wife. Although the protégé of Philippe II King of
France, he exiled several prominent Francophiles after arriving in Flanders and
opened negotiations with England. He
refused to participate in King Philippe's projected invasion of England in
1213. The French army devastated
Flanders in revenge, forcing Count Ferrand briefly to seek refuge in
Zeeland. He was captured at the battle
of Bouvines 27 Jul 1214, and taken to Paris where he remained a prisoner[426]. He returned to Flanders in
1227 after payment of the ransom under the Treaty of Melun[427]. The Chronicle of Alberic de
Trois-Fontaines records that on the death in 1229 of "comite Namucensi Henrici puero" his sister "Sibilia comitissa Vienne" occupied
"castrum Namuci" against
the competing claim of Fernando Count of Flanders[428]. He founded the convent of
Marquette near Lille. The Continuatio Clarimariscensis records the
death "1233 6 Kal Aug" of
"Fernandus Flandrić comes"[429]. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1233 of "Ferrandus comes Flandrie
et Haynonie" and his burial at "Merketo"[430]. The Chronica Andrensis records the death in 1233 "apud Noviomum" of "comes Flandrie Fernandus" and his
burial "iuxta Insulam"[431]. The Chronicle of Alberic de
Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1233 of "Fernandus comes Flandrie" and his burial "in abbatia delle Marckete"[432]. m secondly (2 Apr 1237, without Papal
dispensation despite consanguinity within the prohibited degrees[433]) as his first wife, THOMAS de
Savoie, son of THOMAS I Comte de Savoie & his wife
Béatrix [Marguerite] de Faucigny (Château de Montmélian 1199-Chambéry 7 Feb
1259, bur Aosta Cathedral). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names "Thome fratri comitis Sabaudie" as husband of "Iohanna",
whom she married after the death of "Ferrandus"[434]. The Annales
Blandinienses record the marriage in 1237 of "Iohannam comitissam
Flandrie" with "Thomas avunculus reginarum Francie et Anglie"[435]. He succeeded as THOMAS Count of Flanders
and Hainaut in 1237, by right of his wife.
He returned to Savoy after his wife's death[436].
He was given the title Conte di Piemonte in 1247, and succeeded his
brother in 1253 as THOMAS II Comte de Savoie,
ruling jointly with his nephew.
child of first marriage:
a) Infanta dona MARIA de Portugal (1227 or after-after 1235). The Chronica Andrensis refers to "comes Flandrie Fernandus" leaving "filia parvula" when he died in 1233 but does not name her[437]. After her father's death, Louis IX King of France demanded that she be sent to Paris for her education[438]. [439]Betrothed ([1235]) to ROBERT de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta dońa Blanca de Castilla (Sep 1216-killed in battle Mansurah, Egypt 9 Feb 1250). He was invested as Comte d'Artois in 1237 by his brother Louis IX King of France.
2. MARGUERITE de Flandre (2 Jun 1202-10 Feb 1280). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Iohannam et Margaretam" as the two daughters of "Balduinus"[440]. The Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini records that "secunda filia Margareta" was born after her parents left on their travels[441]. On the other hand, according to Villehardouin Comtesse Marie stayed behind when her husband left on Crusade, gave birth, and afterwards left for Acre where she died[442]. The Annales Blandinienses record the succession in 1244 of "Margareta soror eius [=Iohanna comitissa}"[443]. After her father's death, she was sent to Paris with her sister on the orders of Philippe II King of France[444]. Her first marriage was arranged by King Philippe II, her husband being a noble from Hainaut whose family had long supported French interests. Her first husband demanded a share of his late father-in-law's inheritance and, after complaining to Pope Innocent III, the marriage was annulled by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 as Bouchard d'Avesnes had previously taken holy orders. The couple remained together until Bouchard was captured by his sister-in-law Ctss Jeanne in 1219. He was released two years later on condition he separate from his wife[445]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records the marriage of "Marghareta" and "Willelmo de Dampetra"[446]. She succeeded her sister in 1244 as MARGUERITE II Ctss of Flanders and Ctss de Hainaut, both her husbands having died. Her children by her first marriage claimed their inheritance, but Louis IX King of France ruled in 1246 that Hainaut should be given to the Avesnes children and Flanders to the Dampierre children[447]. She abdicated 29 Dec 1278 in favour of her son Guy de Dampierre. m firstly (before 23 Jul 1212, annulled 1215, separated [1221]) BOUCHARD d'Avesnes, son of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Leuze et de Condé & his wife Adeline de Guise ([1180]-1244, bur Clairefontaine). He is named first husband of Marguerite by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[448]. m secondly ([18 Aug/15 Nov] 1223) GUILLAUME II Seigneur de Dampierre, son of GUY II Seigneur de Dampierre, Sire de Bourbon & his wife Mathilde de Bourbon, dame de Bourbon (after 1196-3 Sep 1231). He is named second husband of Marguerite by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[449].
children of first marriage:
- SEIGNEUR d'AVESNES, COMTES de HAINAUT.
children of second marriage:
- see below, Chapter 3.B. COUNTS of FLANDERS 1244-1283 (Dampierre).
GUILLAUME de Dampierre, son of GUY
II Seigneur de Dampierre, Sire de Bourbon &
his wife Mathilde de Bourbon, dame
de Bourbon (after 1196-3 Sep 1231). The Chronicle of
Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "primogenitus
Erchenbaldus…secundus Guilelmus de Moyelen et de Dampetra…tertius Guido"
as the three sons of "Guido de
Dampetra", specifying that Guillaume married "Margaretam comitisse Flandrie quem
Burchardus clericus de Avennis rapuerat"[450]. He succeeded as GUILLAUME
II Seigneur de Dampierre.
m ([18 Aug/15 Nov] 1223) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Flandre, separated wife of BOUCHARD d'Avesnes, daughter of BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders [BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut] & his wife Marie de Champagne (2 Jun 1202-10 Feb 1280). She succeeded her sister in 1244 as MARGUERITE II Ctss of Flanders, Ctss de Hainaut.
1.
GUILLAUME de Dampierre (1224-Trazegnies 6
Jun 1251, bur Abbaye de Marquette near Lille). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names (in order) "Guillelmum Guodnem et Iohannem" as the three
sons of "Guillelmo domino de Dampetra [et] Margaretć",
specifying that "primo mortuo sine liberis in tornramento apud
Trasegnies"[451]. His parentage is specified
by Matthew of Paris[452]. He succeeded his father in 1231 as GUILLAUME III Seigneur de Dampierre. Seigneur de Courtrai. After his mother succeeded as Ctss of
Flanders in 1244, his half-brother Jean d'Avesnes claimed his inheritance. Louis IX King of France ruled in 1246 that
Hainaut should be given to Jean d'Avesnes while Guillaume de Dampierre should
inherit Flanders[453], thereby succeeding as GUILLAUME
III Count of Flanders, ruling jointly with his mother. Willem II Count of Holland, as King of
Germany, received homage from Guillaume de Dampierre for Imperial Flanders in
1248[454].
He died from injuries received during a tournament, his mother
suspecting that the allies of the Avesnes family of Hainaut were responsible[455].
The Annales Blandinienses record the
death in 1251 of "Willelmus comes Flandrie" and his burial at
"Market"[456]. The Necrologio Sanctć Waldetrudis records the death "3 Non Mai" of "Willermi comitis Flandrie"[457]. m (Louvain Nov 1247) as her second husband, BEATRIX
de Brabant, widow of HEINRICH "Raspe" Landgraf of Thuringia King of Germany,
daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Staufen (1225-11 Nov 1288, bur Abbaye de Marquette near Lille).
The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names "Beatricem filiam Henrichi ducis Brabantie et viduam
comitis Turingie" wife of "Willelmus primogenitus [Marghareta
[et] Willelmo de Danpetra]"[458]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names "Beatricem filiam Henrichi ducis Brabantie et viduam comitis Turingie"
as the wife of "Willelmus
primogenitus [Willelmi de Danpetra]"[459].
2.
GUY de Dampierre ([1225/26]-imprisoned Compičgne 7 Mar 1305). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana
names (in order) "Guillelmum Guodnem et Iohannem" as the three
sons of "Guillelmo domino de Dampetra [et] Margaretć",
specifying that "primo mortuo sine liberis in tornramento apud
Trasegnies"[460]. He succeeded his brother in 1251 as GUY
joint Count of Flanders, and his mother as sole Count in 1278.
- see below.
3. JEAN de Dampierre (-1258). The Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Guillelmum Guodnem et Iohannem" as the three sons of "Guillelmo domino de Dampetra [et] Margaretć", specifying that "primo mortuo sine liberis in tornramento apud Trasegnies"[461]. Matthew of Paris specifies that his parents had "two others" when he records the parentage of his brother Guillaume, but does not name the other children[462]. The Annales Blandinienses name "Iohannde Dampetra" as brother of Guy Count of Flanders, when recording the liberation of the two brothers from captivity in Holland[463]. Seigneur de Dampierre-sur-l'Aube, de Sompuis et de Saint-Dizier. Vicomte de Troyes. Connétable de Champagne.
- SEIGNEURS de DAMPIERRE et de
SAINT-DIZIER.
4.
JEANNE de Dampierre (-[1245/46], bur Abbaye de Sainte Hoďlde[464]). The
Genealogia Comitum Flandrić refers to the two (unnamed) daughters of Marguerite & "Willelmo
de Danpetra", specifying that one married "comiti de Baeren"[465]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records that, of the two daughters
of "Marghareta" &
"Willelmo de Dampetra", one
"nupsit Christo, altera comiti de
Baeren"[466]. m firstly (contract 15 May 1239) as his
second wife, HUGUES III Comte de Rethel,
son of HUGUES II Comte de Rethel & his wife Félicité de Broyes dame de
Beaufort (before 1200-[May 1242/Jun 1243]).
m secondly (betrothed 3 May 1243,
[Mar/31 Aug] 1245) as his first wife, THIBAUT II Comte de Bar,
son of HENRI II Comte de Bar & his wife Philippe de Dreux [Capet], dame de
Torcy-en-Brie ([1221]-Oct 1291).
5.
MARIE de Dampierre (-21 Dec 1302). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić refers to the two (unnamed) daughters
of Marguerite & "Willelmo de Danpetra", specifying that
one became a nun[467]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records that, of the two daughters
of "Marghareta" &
"Willelmo de Dampetra", one
"nupsit Christo, altera comiti de
Baeren"[468]. Abbess of Flines, near Douai.
GUY de Dampierre, son of GUILLAUME II Seigneur de
Dampierre & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders ([1225/26]-Compičgne 7
Mar 1305, bur Abbaye de Flines, near Douai[469]). The Genealogica
Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana names (in order) "Guillelmum
Guodnem et Iohannem" as the three sons of "Guillelmo domino de
Dampetra [et] Margaretć", specifying that "primo mortuo sine
liberis in tornramento apud Trasegnies"[470]. Matthew of Paris specifies
that his parents had "two others" when he records the parentage of
his brother Guillaume, but does not name the other children[471]. He succeeded his brother in 1251 as GUY
joint Count of Flanders. Willem
II Count of Holland, as King of Germany, pronounced that Count Guy and his
mother had forfeited imperial Flanders by failing to do homage to him. His forces attacked Holland in 1253 and Count
Guy was defeated at Westkappel, on the island of Walcheren, in Jul 1253 and
captured. His mother sought help from
Charles Duc d'Anjou, who agreed in return for receiving the county of Hainaut
which he partially subjugated. A truce was negotiated between all parties 26
Jul 1254, which included an agreement to submit the dispute to Louis IX King of
France for adjudication[472]. Count Guy was ransomed in 1256, when Louis IX
King of France confirmed his 1246 decision regarding the Hainaut/Flanders split
between the Avesnes/Dampierre families[473].
He bought the rights to Namur 20 Mar 1263 from
Baudouin II titular Emperor of Constantinople[474]. He succeeded as sole Count of Flanders on the
abdication of his mother 29 Dec 1278.
Following complaints of mal-administration, together with commercial
difficulties following a long-running trading dispute with England, rebellions
broke out in Bruges and Ypres 1280/81[475].
Conflicts with France arose after the accession in 1285 of King Philippe
IV. In 1290, the Emperor enfeoffed Jean
d'Avesnes Comte de Hainaut with Imperial Flanders, although he lacked the means
to enforce it. Count Guy established
closer ties with England, confirmed by the Treaty of Lier 31 Aug 1294 under
which his daughter was betrothed to the future Edward II King of England. Philippe IV King of France summoned Count Guy
to Paris, imprisoned him for four months with two of his sons, forced him to
abandon the English betrothal, and obliged him to adhere to the French embargo
of trade with England[476].
In Mar 1296, Count Guy's acceptance of an invitation from Valenciennes,
chief city of Hainaut, to annex it to Flanders provoked Jean d'Avesnes Comte de
Hainaut into invading Flanders from Holland.
King Philippe IV declared Flanders forfeit, but restored it on payment
of a fine. Count Guy renounced homage to
the French king, who attacked Flanders 15 Jun 1297. He attacked again 6 Jan 1300, incorporated
Flanders into the royal domain, took Count Guy and his sons as prisoners to
Paris, and appointed Jacques de Châtillon as royal lieutenant. An uprising followed in Bruges, prompting
another French invasion which was heavily defeated at Courtrai 11 Jul
1302. The French navy defeated the
Flemish at Zierikzee in 1304, and an indecisive battle at Mons-en-Pévčle
followed 18 Aug 1304[477].
m firstly (contract 2 Feb 1246) MATHILDE de Béthune,
dame de Béthune, Dendermonde, Richebourg et Warneton, daughter of ROBERT VII
Seigneur de Béthune & his wife Elisabeth de Morialmes (after 1230-8 Nov
1264). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names "Mathilde filia
Roberti Tenremontensis" wife of "Guido frater eius
[=Willelmus]"[478]. The Annales
Blandinienses record the wife of Comte Guy as "filiam Roberti
advocate Bethunensis", and the death of "Mathildis uxor
Widonis comitis" in 1262[479].
m secondly (May 1264) ISABELLE de Luxembourg,
daughter of HENRI II Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Marguerite de Bar, dame
de Ligny-en-Barrois (-25 Sep 1298). The Iohannis de Thilrode
Chronicon names "Elysabeth filia
Henrici comitis de Lucemborch" as the second wife of "Guido", specifying that he obtained
the county of Namur through her[480].
children
of first marriage:
1.
ROBERT de Flandre ([1249]-Ypres 17 Sep 1322, bur Ypres Saint
Martin, transferred to Ypres Cathedral). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names (in order) "Robertum,
Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum Leodiensum, Balduinem et Philippum" the
sons of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis"[481]. He succeeded his father in 1305 as ROBERT
III Count of Flanders.
- see below.
2.
GUILLAUME de Flandre "Sans-Terre" (after 1249-1311). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names (in
order) "Robertum, Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum Leodiensum, Balduinem
et Philippum" the sons of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti
Tenremontensis"[482]. Seigneur de Dendermonde et
de Crčvecśur, the former presumably transferred to him by his older
brother. m (1286) ALIX de
Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun, dame de
Mondoubleau, heiress of Dunois, daughter of RAOUL II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis,
Seigneur de Nesle-en-Picardie, Connétable de France & his wife Alix de
Dreux, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun (-1330).
a)
GUILLAUME de
Flandre (-1320). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Seigneur
de Dendermonde. He succeeded as Vicomte
de Châteaudun, Seigneur de Nesle-en-Picardie, by right of his mother. m as
her first husband, MARIA von Vianden,
heiress of Rumpst and Schorisse [Escornaix], daughter of PHILIPP von Vianden
Herr von Rumpst & his wife Marie de Cernay.
She married secondly (before 1324) ENGUERRAND de Coucy [Gand] Vicomte de
Meaux.
b)
JEAN de
Flandre (-killed in battle 2 May 1325). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Seigneur
de Crčvecśur et d'Alleux. He succeeded
his brother in 1320 as Seigneur de Dendermonde et de Nesle-en-Picardie. m
(1315) BEATRICE de Châtillon-sur-Marne,
daughter of JACQUES I de Châtillon-sur-Marne, Seigneur de Leuze et de Condé
& his wife Catherine de Carency (-after 1350).
i)
JEAN
de Flandre (-young).
ii)
MARIE de
Flandre (-[8 Jul 1349/before 1356]).
She succeeded her father as Dame de Dendermonde, de Nesle-en-Picardie et
de Mondoubleau. m (before 1330) as his first wife, ENGUERRAND I "le Grand" Sire d'Amboise et de Chevreuse, son of PIERRE I
Sire d'Amboise & his wife Jeanne dame de Chevreuse et de Maurepas (-before
1373).
iii)
MARGUERITE de
Flandre (-after 3 Jul 1387). m
(before 4 May 1341) GUILLAUME de Craon,
son of AMAURY III Sire de Craon & his second wife Béatrix de Roucy
[Pierrepont] (after 15 Apr 1318-8 Jun 1387, bur Châteaudun, Abbaye des
Cordeliers). Vicomte de Châteaudun 1340,
which he presumably bought from his wife's aunt Marie dowager Ctss d'Auvergne
et de Boulogne.
iv)
ISABELLE
de Flandre (-after 28 Feb
1387). Franciscan nun in Paris.
v)
MATHILDE de Flandre .
1369.
c)
GUY de
Flandre (after 1286-Apr 1345[483] or after).
Seigneur de Richebourg. m firstly (after 1312) as her second husband, MARIE d'Enghien, Burggrafn van Gent, Vrouwe van
Zotteghem, widow of HUGUES V d’Antoing, Seigneur d'Epinoy, daughter of GERARD
II van Zotteghem [Enghien], Burggraf van Gent, Heer van Zotteghem & his
first wife Maria Burggrafn van Gent (-1318).
m secondly (Oct 1321) as her
second husband, BEATRIX van Putten,
widow of HUGO van Zotteghem [Enghien], Burggraf van Gent, Heer van Zotteghem,
daughter and heiress of NIKOLAAS II Heer van Putten & his wife Aleid van
Srijen (-18 Jun 1354).
child of second marriage:
i)
ALIX de Flandre ([1322]-4 May 1346).
She succeeded her father in [1345] as Dame de Richebourg. m
(contract 10 Jul 1330) as his first wife, JEAN I de Luxembourg Seigneur de
Ligny, de Beauvoir et de Roussy, son of VALERAN II de
Luxembourg, Sire de Ligny, de Beauvoir et de Roussy & his wife Guyotte
chatelaine de Lille ([1300]-17 May 1364, bur Phalampin).
d)
MARIE de
Flandre (-1350). Vicomtesse de Châteaudun, which she presumably
sold in 1340 to her niece's husband Guillaume de Craon. m
(contract Dec 1312) as his second wife, ROBERT
d'Auvergne, son of ROBERT VI Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne &
his wife Béatrix de Montgascon (-13 Oct 1325, bur Le Bouchet). He succeeded his father in 1317 as ROBERT VII Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne.
e)
JEANNE de Flandre . 1327/42.
m firstly (after 1325) as his
second wife, GERHARD Heer van Diest,
Burggraf van Antwerpen, son of ARNOLD VI Heer van Diest, Burggraf van Antwerpen
& his wife Elisabeth de Mortagne (-1333).
m secondly (1336) as his third
wife, OTTO van Cuyck, Heer van Mierlo en
Zeelem, son of JAN I van Cuyck, Heer van Merum en Neerloon & his wife Jutta
von Nassau (-1350). No issue by either
marriage.
f)
ISABELLE de Flandre .
1330. Dame de Brion.
g)
[484]ALIX de Flandre . m ([1312]) as his second wife, JEAN I de Chalon Seigneur d'Arlay, son of JEAN I "l'Antique" Comte Palatin de Bourgogne et
de Chalon & his third wife Laure de Commercy (1259-after 16 Apr 1316).
3.
JEAN de Flandre ([1250]-1290). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names (in
order) "Robertum, Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum Leodiensum, Balduinem
et Philippum" the sons of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti
Tenremontensis"[485]. The Annales
Blandinienses record the death in 1291 of "Iohannes, filius
Guidonis comitis Flandrie et Mathildis de Bethunia eius coniugis, episcopus
Leodiensis" specifying his burial at "Felinis"[486]. Provost of St Donat at Bruges 1270. Provost of St Pierre at Lille 1274/77. Bishop of Metz 1279. Bishop of Ličge 1282.
4.
MARGUERITE de Flandre ([1251]-3 Jul 1285,
bur Brussels Franciscan Church).
The Annales Blandinienses name "Margaretha
duxissa Brabantie, filia Guidonis comitis Flandrie" when recording her
death in 1284 and burial in Brussels[487]. The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić refers to the three (unnamed)
daughters of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis",
specifying that one (listed first) married "Iohanni duci Brabantie"[488]. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 6 Aug 1266)
to PIERRE de
Bretagne Seigneur de Dinan, Léon, Hédé, Hennebont et La
Roche-Derrien, son of JEAN I Duke of Brittany & his wife Infanta dońa
Blanca de Navarra [Champagne] (Châteaulin, Finistčre 2 Apr 1241-Paris 19 Oct
1268, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers).
m (1273) as his second wife, JEAN I “the Victorious” Duke of Brabant, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le Débonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de
Bourgogne [Capet] (Brussels 1253-Antwerp 3 May 1294,
bur Brussels Franciscan Church).
5.
BAUDOUIN de Flandre ([1252]-1296). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names (in order) "Robertum,
Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum Leodiensum, Balduinem et Philippum" the
sons of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis"[489].
6.
MARIE de Flandre (1253-1297, bur Châteauvillain). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić refers to
the three (unnamed) daughters of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti
Tenremontensis", specifying that the third married "Willelmo
comiti de Ghuleke"[490]. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon refers to the third of the three
daughters of "Guido…[et] Mathilde
filia Roberti Tenremontensis" as the wife of "Willelmo comiti de Gouleke" and,
after her first husband was killed, of "domino de Castello Villico"[491]. m firstly WILHELM
von Jülich, son of WILHELM IV Graf von Jülich & his first wife
Margareta van Gelderland (-killed in battle Aachen 16 Mar 1278). m secondly
(contract Jan 1281, before 18 Mar 1285) SIMON II
Sire de Châteauvillain, son of JEAN I Sire de Châteauvillain &
his first wife Jeanne de Milly-en-Beauvaisis (-28 Jun 1305).
7.
BEATRIX de Flandre (1260-23 Mar 1296). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić refers to the three (unnamed)
daughters of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis",
specifying that one (listed second) married "Florentie comiti Hollandie"[492]. m ([1279]) FLORIS V Count of Holland,
son of WILLEM II Count of Holland, King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth von
Braunschweig (Jul 1254-murdered 27 Jun 1296).
8.
PHILIPPE de Flandre ([1263]-in Italy Nov 1318). The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names (in
order) "Robertum, Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum Leodiensum, Balduinem
et Philippum" the sons of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti
Tenremontensis"[493]. The Annales
Blandinienses name "Robbertum comitem Nivernensem et Philipphum"
sons of Guy Count of Flanders, when recording their war against Floris Count of
Holland in 1290[494]. He was taken to Apulia by
Charles I King of Sicily who made him military commander of his campaigns in
Sicily[495]. Conte di Teano. He returned to Flanders in May 1303 to become
Regent during the imprisonment of his father[496]. He swore allegiance to
Philippe IV King of France at Lille in Sep 1304 and negotiated the Treaty of
Athis-sur-Orge which the Flemish were obliged to sign in Jun 1305[497]. m firstly (contract Wijnendaele 1284 before
25 Jun) MAHAUT de Courtenay,
Ctss di Chieti, dame de Pandy et de Neuvy, daughter of RAOUL de Courtenay,
Seigneur d’Illiers, Conte di Chieti & his wife Alix de Montfort Ctss de
Bigorre ([1254]-Naples [after May] 1303).
This marriage was arranged by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet][498].
She returned to Flanders with her husband in May 1303[499].
m secondly ([1304]) as her second
husband, PERENELLE [Philipotte] de Milly Ctss di Loretta, widow of ETIENNE de
Sancerre, Seigneur de Saint-Brisson et de Châtillon-sur-Loing, daughter of
GEOFFROY Seigneur de Milly, Seneschal of the Kingdom of Naples & his second
wife Eléonore [de Sancerre] (-before 1335).
children
of second marriage:
9.
MARGUERITE de Flandre (-1331). m firstly
(Roxburgh 15 Nov 1282) ALEXANDER Prince of Scotland, son of
ALEXANDER III "the Glorious" King of Scotland & his first wife
Joan of England (Jedburgh, Roxburghshire 21 Jun
1264-Lindores Abbey, Fife 28 Jan 1283, bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife).
m secondly (3 Jul 1286) REINALD I
Graf van Geldern (-9 Oct 1326).
10.
JEANNE de Flandre (-1296). Nun at Flines 1283.
11.
BEATRIX de Flandre (-after 1307). m (1287) HUGUES II de Châtillon-sur-Marne
(1258-1307). Comte de Blois et de Dunois
1292.
12.
JEAN de Flandre (1267-[28 Oct 1329/31 Jan 1330], Bruges, église des Cordeliers). His
father appointed him as Governor of the County of Namur at Gent 5 Nov 1297,
then ceded his rights to the county 2 Oct 1298, whereby he became JEAN I Comte de Namur.
13.
GUY de Flandre (-Pavia [10/15] Oct 1311). Seigneur de Renaix, Graf van Zeeland
1294. He was probably killed in battle
fighting in the army of Heinrich VII King of Germany[500].
m (contract Sierck 31 Mar 1311,
Papal dispensation 1 May 1311) as her first husband, MARGUERITE
de Lorraine, daughter of THIBAUT II Duke of Lorraine & his wife
Isabelle de Rumigny (-[17 Mar 1344/25 Sep 1349], bur [Abbaye d'Orval]). She married secondly (25 Jan/22 May 1313)
Lodewijk Graf van Loos en Chiny.
14.
HENRI de Flandre (-6 Nov 1337). Conte de Lodi. m (Jan
1309) MARGARETE von Kleve, daughter of DIETRICH VIII Graf von Kleve. 1325.
a)
HENRI de
Flandre (-1366). Heer van Ninove. m firstly
MARGARETA von Vianden, daughter of GOTTFRIED I Graf von Vianden (-1336). m secondly
(10 Oct 1352) PHILIPPA von Valkenburg heiress of Valkenburg and Sittard,
daughter of REINOLD von Valkenburg [Kleve] Hr von Monschau und Valkenburg. 1352/68.
.
Illegitimate son by an unknown mother.
i)
GOSWIN . Heer van Rymerstech.
Illegitimate daughter by MARGUERITE de
Pape.
(a)
MARGUERITE . m JEAN
Paris.
b)
MARGUERITE de
Flandre (-8 Jun 1334).
15.
ISABELLE de Flandre (-1323). m
(1307) JEAN I de Fiennes châtelain de Bourbourg Seigneur de Tingry. 1333.
16.
PHILIPPINE de Flandre (-Paris 2 Feb 1304[501]). Her betrothal was arranged under the Treaty
of Lier which strengthened ties between Flanders and England. Philippe IV King of France obliged her father
to abandon the betrothal after summoning him to Paris in 1300 and imprisoning
him for four months with two of his sons.
Philippine was sent to Paris for her education[502].
[503]Betrothed (31 Aug 1294) to EDWARD of
England Prince of Wales, Comte de Ponthieu et de
Montreuil, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta dońa
Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr
1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester
Cathedral). He succeeded his father in 1307 as EDWARD II King of England.
ROBERT de Flandre, son of GUY Count of Flanders
& his first wife Mathilde de Béthune ([1249]-Ypres 17 Sep 1322, bur Ypres
Saint Martin, transferred to Ypres Cathedral).
The Genealogia Comitum Flandrić names (in order) "Robertum, Willelmum, Iohannem episcopum
Leodiensum, Balduinem et Philippum" the sons of "Guido…ex
Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis"[504]. The Annales
Blandinienses name "Robbertum comitem Nivernensem et Philipphum"
sons of Guy Count of Flanders, when recording their war against Floris Count of
Holland in 1290[505]. He was installed by his father in 1264 as
Seigneur et châtelain de Béthune, Seigneur de Dendermonde, after the death of
his mother. He
accompanied his father-in-law Charles Comte d’Anjou in the conquest of Sicily
1266, fighting at the battle of Benevento[506]. Comte de Nevers 1272, in
right of his second wife. He served in his father’s war
against France, defeated at Courtrai by the Comte de Valois 1299. His father appointed him Governor of his
lands 3 Nov 1299. He was captured by the
French, but released under the Treaty of Athis-sur-Orge which the Flemish were
obliged to sign in Jun 1305[507], a few months after he had
succeeded his father as ROBERT III "de Béthune" Count of
Flanders. He was forced to cede
Lille, Douai and Orchies to France under the Treaty of Pontoise 11 Jul 1312,
and under the Treaty of Arras in Jul 1313 Courtrai was placed under French
rule. In 1314, Count Robert ejected the
French from Courtrai and besieged Lille.
He was preparing to attack Lille again in 1319, but renewed his
allegiance to the French crown under the Treaty of Paris 5 May 1320, which was
sealed by the betrothal of his grandson to the King of France's daughter[508].
m firstly (1266) BLANCHE d’Anjou, daughter of CHARLES de France
Comte d’Anjou, [later CHARLES I King of Sicily] & his first wife Béatrice
Ctss de Provence (1250-before 10 Jan 1270, bur Abbaye de Flines near
Douai). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names "Blancham filiam
Karoli regis Sicilie" as first wife of "Robertus primogenitus
Guidonis"[509]. The Iohannis
de Thilrode Chronicon names "Blancham
filia Karoli regis Sicilie" as wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis et Mathilde"[510].
She died in childbirth.
m secondly (Mar 1272) as her second husband, YOLANDE
de Bourgogne Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre, widow of JEAN
“Tristan” de France Comte de Valois, daughter of EUDES de
Bourgogne Comte de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre & his wife Mathilde Bourbon [Dampierre] Dame de Bourbon, Ctss de Nevers,
d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre
([1248/49]-2 Jun 1280, bur Nevers, église
Saint-François). The Genealogia
Comitum Flandrić names "Yolendem filiam
Odonis comitis Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici regis Francie"
as second wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis", specifying
that he obtained the county of Nevers by this marriage[511]. The Iohannis
de Thilrode Chronicon names "Yolandem
filiam Odonis comites Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici…regis
Francie" as [second] wife of "Robertus
primogenitus Guidonis et Mathilde"[512].
children of first marriage:
1.
CHARLES de Flandre ([1266]-1277, aged 11). He is named
in the Chronicle of Ghent which says "he did not long survive"[513].
Betrothed (1272) to ISABELLE de Bourgogne, daughter of HUGUES
IV Duke of Burgundy & his second wife Béatrice de Champagne (1270-Chambly
Aug 1323, bur Paris église des Grands Augustins).
2.
child
(Jan 1269-). No
reference has been found to this child, but he/she must have existed if it is
correct that Robert III's first wife died in childbirth "before 10 Jan
1269". Assuming that Robert III's
first child Charles was indeed 11 years old when he died in 1277, he could not
have been the child in question.
children
of second marriage:
3.
LOUIS de Flandre (-Paris 24 Jul 1322). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names
"Robertus primogenitus Guydonis,
Ludovicus filius"[514]. He succeeded his mother in 1280 as Comte de
Nevers. He succeeded in 1290 as Comte de
Rethel, by right of his wife. He was
opposed to all concessions to France.
Philippe IV King of France confiscated Nevers and Rethel, and Louis was
jailed in 1311. He escaped and took
refuge in Imperial Flanders[515].
He allied himself with Hainaut and prepared to invade Flanders against
the French in 1315 but his army was stopped by torrential rains[516].
m (Dec 1290) JEANNE Ctss de
Rethel, daughter and heiress of HUGUES IV Comte de Rethel & his wife
Isabelle de Grandpré (-[1325]).
a)
JEANNE de Flandre ([1295]-Sep 1374). She was famed for her gallant defence of
Hennebont during her husband's captivity.
She accompanied King Edward III to England in Feb 1343, living in exile
at Tickhill Castle, Yorkshire, maybe insane.
m (Mar 1329) JEAN de
Bretagne Comte de Montfort-l’Amaury, son of ARTHUR II Duke of
Brittany & his second wife Yolande de Dreux Ctss de Montfort l'Amuary
(1293-Château d'Hennebont 26 Sep 1345, bur Quimperlé, église de la
Sainte-Croix, later transferred to the couvent des Jacobins). He succeeded in 1341 as JEAN IV Duke of Brittany.
b)
LOUIS de Flandre ([1304]-killed in battle Crécy 25 Aug 1346,
bur Bruges).
The Iohannis
de Thilrode Chronicon names "Ludovicus
filius Ludovici comitis Nivernensis primogeniti Roberti"[517]. He succeeded his father in 1322 as Comte de
Nevers et de Rethel, Seigneur de Malines.
He succeeded his grandfather in 1322 as LOUIS I Count of Flanders.
- see below.
Illegitimate daughter by an unknown mother.
c)
ISABELLE
bâtarde de Flandre (-1357/65).
Dame de Someghem. m firstly SIMON de Mirabel Seigneur de Perwes
(-1346). m
secondly ARNOLD van Huerle Heer van Rumen.
4.
ROBERT de Flandre (-1331). Comte de Marle, Seigneur de Cassel et de
Warneton, Baron d'Alluye et de Montmirail.
He claimed greater rights in the succession from his father who was
obliged to compensate him with an income of 10,000 livres secured in Imperial
Flanders[518].
He persuaded his father to arrest his brother Louis in 1320, but the
latter escaped and died in exile. Robert
provoked a rebellion in Bruges and, after the death of his father, tried to
raise support to exclude his nephew from the succession[519].
m ([21 Sep 1323]) JEANNE
de Bretagne, dame de Nogent-le-Rotrou, daughter of ARTHUR II Duke of
Brittany & his second wife Yolande de Dreux Ctss de Montfort l'Amuary
(1296-Ypres 24 Mar 1364).
a)
YOLANDE de Flandre (château d'Alluyes,
Eure-et-Loir 15 Sep 1326 or 1331-château de Nieppe dit de La Motte-au-Bois,
Hazebrouck, Nord 12 Dec 1395, bur Bar-le-Duc, église collégiale Saint-Maxe). She succeeded her brother as Dame de Cassel,
Dunkerque, Warneton, Bourbourg, Bergues, Gravelines, Nieppe, Bornem [all in
Flanders], and Alluyes, Authon, La Bazoche, Brou and Montmirail [all in
Perche]. After the death of her first husband,
she governed the county of Bar in the name of her son until he was declared of
age 27 Jul 1357. Her son gave her the
Seigneurie de la Puisaye. She succeeded
her mother 1363 as Dame de la baronnie de Nogent-le-Rotrou. Betrothed
(Papal dispensation Avignon 14 Mar 1335) to her first cousin, LOUIS "de Mâle" de Flandre, son of
LOUIS I Count of Flanders & his wife Marguerite de France (Maldegem/Mâle
near Bruges 25 Nov 1330-9 Jan 1383 or Lille or St Omer 9 Nov 1384). He succeeded his father in 1346 as LOUIS II Count of Flanders. m firstly
(dispensation Rome 24 Jun 1339, 1340) HENRI IV Comte de Bar, son of EDOUARD I
Comte de Bar & his wife Marie de Bourgogne (-Paris, l'hôtel de Cassel 7 or
24 Dec 1344, bur Bar-le-Duc, église collégiale
Saint-Maxe). m secondly
(13 Jun 1353) Infante
don FELIPE de Navarra Comte de Longueville, son of FELIPE III King
of Navarre Comte d'Evreux & his wife Juana II Queen of Navarre (-Vernon, Eure 29 Aug 1363, bur Notre Dame d'Evreux).
No issue by second marriage.
b)
JEAN
de Flandre (-after 1331). He succeeded
his father in 1331 as Seigneur de Cassel.
5.
JEANNE de Flandre (-1333). She became abbess of
Sauvoir near Laon after her husband died[520]. m (May 1288) as his second wife, ENGUERRAND [IV] Seigneur de
Coucy Vicomte de Meaux, son of ENGUERRAND
[III] Seigneur de Coucy & third his wife Marie de Montmirail (-1310). No issue.
6.
YOLANDE de Flandre (-Jan 1313). m (contract 24 Jul 1287) GAUTHIER [II] Seigneur d'Enghien, son of GAUTHIER [I] Seigneur d'Enghien
& his third wife Marie de Rethel ([1267]-1310).
7.
MATHILDE de Flandre (-after
13 Jan 1331). m (contract 7 Mar 1314) MATHIEU de Lorraine Seigneur de Varsberg et
de Darney, son of THIBAUT II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Isabelle de
Rumigny (-1330).
LOUIS de Flandre, son of LOUIS de Flandre Comte de
Nevers et de Rethel & his wife Jeanne Ctss de Rethel ([1304]-killed in
battle Crécy 25 Aug 1346, bur Bruges, St Donat). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names
"Ludovicus filius Ludovici comitis
Nivernensis primogeniti Roberti"[521]. He succeeded his father in 1322 as Comte de
Nevers et de Rethel, Seigneur de Malines.
He succeeded his grandfather in 1322 as LOUIS I Count of Flanders. Although the Flemish cities supported his
succession, he was imprisoned in Jan 1323 by Charles IV King of France who
confiscated Flanders before returning it to Count Louis and forcing his
agreement to peace with Hainaut 6 Mar 1323 which settled the century long
Avesnes/Dampierre feud. He renounced his
claims to Zeeland, while Guillaume I Comte de Hainaut renounced his claim to
Imperial Flanders[522].
A rebellion broke out in Bruges in 1324, and Count Louis was taken
prisoner in early Jun 1324. Rivalry also
broke out between his uncle Robert de Cassel and his great-uncle Jean Marquis
de Namur, who were in turn appointed Regent of Flanders during the Count's
imprisonment. Count Louis was released
by the rebels 30 Nov 1325, and peace was signed at Arques 19 Apr 1326. Following further disturbances in 1327, Count
Louis fled to Paris. The rebel army
submitted to the French near Cassel 23 Aug 1328[523].
Jacob van Artevelde led another revolt from Ghent in 1336, which spread
to Bruges and Ypres. Count Louis fled to
France again in Dec 1339, and the rebels negotiated an alliance with England,
supporting the English king's claim to the French throne. Edward III King of England entered Ghent 26
Jan 1340 and was proclaimed King of France there. Van Artevelde was finally overthrown and
killed in Ghent 2 May 1345[524].
Count Louis was killed the following year fighting for the French
against the English at Crécy.
m
(contract 21 Jun 1320, 22 Jul 1320) MARGUERITE de France,
daughter of PHILIPPE V King of France & his wife Jeanne I Ctss Palatine de
Bourgogne & d'Artois (1309-Paris 9 May 1382, bur église de l'Abbaye royale
de Saint-Denis). Her marriage was
arranged under the Treaty of Paris 5 May 1320, which reaffirmed the loyalty of
her future husband's grandfather to the French crown[525].
Ctss d'Artois 1361.
1.
LOUIS de Flandre (Maldegem/Mâle near Bruges 25 Nov 1330-9 Jan
1383 or Lille or St Omer 9 Nov 1384). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names
"Ludovicus…filius fuit Ludovicus
dictus de Male"[526]. He succeeded his father in 1346 as LOUIS
II “de Mâle” Count of Flanders, Comte de Nevers et de Rethel, Comte
Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte d'Artois.
- see below.
Illegitimate
children:
2.
BOUDEWIJN . 1351. m firstly CATHERINE van der Bisse. m secondly
CATHERINE de Bailleul. children of first
marriage:
a)
GEERTRUID . 1365.
b)
WILLEM .
children of second marriage:
c)
LODEWIJK .
d)
GELEIJN .
3.
ROBERT (-1360).
4.
MARIA . m (1351)
OLIVIER van Poelvoorde.
5.
RUFLARD .
6.
CATHERINE (-1421). m firstly
PIETER Boudins, bailly of Bruges. m secondly CORNELIS van de Eeckhoute
(-1426).
7.
LANCELOT .
8.
PERCEVAL .
9.
TRISTRAIN . Heer van Tempel.
10.
GWIJDE (-[1396]). Heer van Wendelghem. m ---,
daughter of PIETER van de Zijpe.
a)
LODEWIJK (-after
1396). m
AGNES
---.
b)
MARGARETHA (-1411). m firstly
(1396) TRISTRAIN van Messem. m secondly (1397) as his second wife, LOUIS van
Temseke (-1439).
c)
CLARA . m firstly
GILLIS Christiaans (-1396). m secondly JORIS Braderix.
d)
GWIJDE (-after
1396). m
CATHERINE, daughter of GILLIS Christiaans.
i)
MARGARETHA (-1448). Nun at Bruges.
LOUIS de Flandre, son of LOUIS I Count of Flanders
& his wife Marguerite de France Ctss d'Artois (Maldeghem/Mâle,
near Bruges 25 Nov 1330-Saint-Omer 30 Jan 1383, bur Lille Saint-Pierre). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names
"Ludovicus…filius fuit Ludovicus
dictus de Male"[527]. He succeeded his father in 1346 as LOUIS
II “de Mâle” Count of Flanders, Comte de Nevers et de Rethel, Comte
Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte d'Artois.
After his brother-in-law Wenzel I Comte de Luxembourg, Duke of Brabant,
initiated negotiations with his brother concerning the latter's eventual
inheritance of the childless Wenzel's properties, Count Louis occupied Mechelen
and Duke Wenzel was forced to flee to Limburg.
The dispute was settled by the peace of Ath under which Mechelen and
Antwerp were transferred to Flanders, and Count Louis was granted the right to
bear the title Duke of Brabant[528].
Betrothed (Papal dispensation Avignon 14 Mar 1335) to his first cousin, YOLANDE de Flandre,
dame de Cassel, daughter of ROBERT de Flandre, Comte de Marle, Seigneur de
Cassel & his wife Jeanne de Bretagne, dame de Nogent-le-Rotrou (château d'Alluyes, Eure-et-Loir 15 Sep 1326 or 1331-château de
Nieppe dit de La Motte-au-Bois, Hazebrouck, Nord 12 Dec 1395, bur Bar-le-Duc,
église collégiale Saint-Maxe).
m (Saint-Quentin 6 Jun 1347) MARGUERITE de Brabant,
daughter of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux (9 Feb 1323-1368, bur Lille Saint-Pierre).
1.
MARGUERITE de Flandre (Mâle near Bruges
1350, chr 13 Apr 1350-Arras 16 Mar 1405, bur Lille, église Saint-Pierre). The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records
the marriage of "filiam comitis
nostri Ludovici de Male Margaretam" and "Philippus filius regis Francie"[529]. She succeeded her father in 1383 as MARGUERITE
III Ctss of Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Rethel, Ctss Palatine of
Burgundy. Dss of
Brabant and Limburg, Markgravine of Antwerp, Dame de Malines 1404. m firstly (Papal dispensation 31 Jan 1356, contract
Paris 21 Mar 1357, Arras, église Saint-Vaast 14 May 1357, not consummated) PHILIPPE
I "de
Rouvres" Duke of Burgundy, son of PHILIPPE "Monsieur" de Bourgogne [Capet], Comte
d'Artois, Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne &
Jeanne I Ctss d'Auvergne et de Boulogne (château de Rouvres,
Côte d'Or end Aug 1346-château de Rouvres 21 Nov 1361, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux).
Betrothed (19 Oct 1364) to EDMUND of
Langley, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife
Philippa de Hainaut (Abbot’s Langley, Hertfordshire 5
Jun 1341-King’s Langley, Hertfordshire 1 Aug 1402, bur King’s Langley, Church
of the Dominican Friars). This betrothal was arranged under the Treaty
of Dover 19 Oct 1364, but the French persuaded Pope Urban V to refuse a
dispensation on grounds of consanguinity[530].
m secondly (by proxy 12 Apr 1369, in person Ghent 19 Jun 1369) PHILIPPE II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy, son
of JEAN II "le Bon" King of France & his first wife Bonne de
Luxembourg (Pontoise 15 Jan 1342-Hall 27 Apr 1404, bur
Dijon).
Illegitimate
children:
2.
LOUIS "le
Haze" (-killed in battle Nicopolis 28 Sep 1396). m ---
de Landas.
a)
[531]RENAUD . 1397
b)
daughter . m (1419) ---.
3.
LOUIS
"Friese" (-killed in battle Nicopolis 28 Sep 1396). m as
her second husband, MARIA van Ghistelles, widow of JEAN de Halewyn, daughter of
ROGER de Ghistelles (-after 1431)
- HEEREN
van PRAET[532].
4.
JEAN "Sans
Terre" (-killed in battle Nicopolis 28 Sep 1396). Seigneur de Drinckham. m
([1388]) WILHELMINE van Nevele, daughter of WILLEM van Nevele & his wife
Wilhelmine de Halewyn.
- HEEREN van DRINCKAM en WISSAERT[533].
5.
ROBERT (-21 Jan
1434). Seigneur d'Everdinghe et de
Vlamertinghe. m (1419) as her second marriage, ANASTASIE d'Oultre Vicomtesse
d'Ypres, widow of ELUARD Seigneur de Poulques, daughter of BAUDOUIN d'Oultre
& his wife Anastasia van Moorslede (-Ypres 22 Sep 1455).
a)
KARL (-1491). m
KATHARINA van Werdeghem (-2 Mar 1485).
i)
daughter . m OMER
de Craene.
6.
VICTOR (-1442). Seigneur d'Urselle. A Burgundian admiral. m (15 Sep
1420) as her second husband, JOHANNA van Gavre, widow of PIERRE d'Aumont,
daughter of ARNOLD [VI] van Gavre Baron van Schornisse.
Illegitimate children by ALIX van Boyeghem:
a)
LOUIS . m
JACQUELINE de Wilde (-Apr 1482).
i)
JOSSE (-young).
ii)
MARGARETA . m firstly
LOUIS van Baenst. m secondly ADRIAN van Schouteten.
b)
JAN .
Illegitimate son by GERTRUD van
Lindekens:
c)
ADAM .
7.
PETER (-1376).
8.
RENNEKIN . 1394.
9.
GENNEKIN . 1394.
10.
MARGUERITE (-28 Apr
1415). m
firstly (23 Dec 1373) FLORIS van Maldeghem (-10 Nov 1374). m secondly
HECTOR van Voorhoute [Werchoute]. m thirdly ([1391]) SIGER van Gent.
11.
JEANNE . m
THIERRY de Hondeschote (-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415).
12.
BEATRIX . m
ROBERT Tencke le Marechal.
1374/1384.
13.
MARGUERITE (-1388). m
ROBERT Seigneur de Wavrin et de Lillers (-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct
1415).
14.
MARGUERITE . Abbess of Peteghem 1414.
15.
CATHERINE . m
(1390) ---.
16.
CATHERINE . Nun.
[1] Nicholas, p. 17.
[2] Vanderkindere I, p. 279.
[3] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 8, MGH SS XXV, p. 563.
[4] Nicholas, p. 44.
[5] Nicholas, p. 44.
[6] Nicholas, pp. 49-50.
[7] McKitterick, p. 322.
[8] Nicholas, pp. 1-11, summarises the early development of the area.
[9] Sinclair, p. 182.
[10] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 4, MGH SS XXV, p. 764.
[11] Annales S. Bavonis Gandenses 693-937, MGH SS II, p. 187.
[12] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[13] Annales Formoselenses 817, MGH SS V, p. 35.
[14] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 4, MGH SS XXV, p. 764.
[15] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 1, MGH SS IX, p. 309.
[16] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[17] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 1, MGH SS IX, p. 309.
[18] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[19] Annales Blandinienses 836, MGH SS V, p. 23.
[20] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 1, MGH SS IX, p. 309.
[21] Saint-Bertin, p. 11. Also included in Annales Vedastini 879, MGH SS II, p. 197.
[22] Nicholas, p. 17.
[23] Annales Blandinienses 879, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[24] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[25] RH I, p. 37.
[26] Asserii Gestis Ćlfredi MGH SS XIII, p. 121.
[27] RH I, p. 37.
[28] Flodoardus Remensis Historia Remensis Ecclesić III.12, MGH SS XXXVI, p. 218.
[29] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[30] Annales Elnonenses Minores 862, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[31] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 1, MGH SS IX, p. 309.
[32] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[33] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[34] According to Rösch, p. 117, he was nicknamed after his maternal grandfather although it is surprising that such a personal nickname could be so transmitted.
[35] Nicholas, p. 37.
[36] Nicholas, pp. 17-18.
[37] Annales Blandinienses 892, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[38] Annales Vedastini 899, MGH SS II, p. 209.
[39] Nicholas, p. 19.
[40] Annales Blandinienses 918, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[41] Saint-Bertin II.73, 918, p. 138.
[42] RH I, p. 41.
[43] Asser, Part II.
[44] Saint-Bertin II.73, 918, p. 138.
[45] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 2, MGH SS IX, p. 309.
[46] Annales Blandinienses 929, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[47] MGH Poetć Latini medii ćvi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 298.
[48] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[49] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[50] Saint-Bertin II.73, 918, p. 138.
[51] Annales Blandinienses 933, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[52] Campbell, A. (ed.) (1962) Chronicon Ćthelweardi (New York), 1-2.
[53] Campbell, A. (ed.) (1962) Chronicon Ćthelweardi (New York), 1-2.
[54] Saint-Bertin II.78, p. 153.
[55] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 26.2, MGH SS XXV, p. 775.
[56] Saint-Bertin II.78, p. 147.
[57] Saint-Bertin, p. 11.
[58] Annales Blandinienses 882, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[59] Rösch, p. 118.
[60] Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii 6, MGH SS XIV, p. 508.
[61] Annales Blandinienses 896, MGH SS V, p. 24.
[62] ES II 5.
[63] Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii 8, MGH SS XIV, p. 509.
[64] Weir, p. 6.
[65] Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium I, RCGF 9, p. 68.
[66] Rösch, p. 99.
[67] Quoted in Settipani (2004), p. 51.
[68] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[69] Saint-Bertin II.73, 918, p. 138.
[70] Nicholas, p. 40.
[71] Dudo of Saint-Quentin, Chapter 26.
[72] Nicholas, p. 40.
[73] Nicholas, p. 42.
[74] Annales Blandinienses 964, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[75] Rösch, p. 138.
[76] ES II 5.
[77] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[78] Saint-Bertin II.76, 938, p. 141.
[79] Annales Elnonenses Minores [931-949], MGH SS V, p. 19.
[80] Nicholas, p. 40.
[81] Annales Blandinienses 960, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[82] Annales Egmundani, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.
[83] Rösch, p. 138.
[84] ES II 5.
[85] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon, MGH SS XXV, p. 564.
[86] Annales Blandinienses 962, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[87] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 8, MGH SS XXV, p. 563.
[88] MGH Diplomata, D O I 358, p. 491.
[89] MGH Diplomata II, D O II 202, p. 228.
[90] Vanderkindere I, p. 289, citing Van Lokeren, Chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Pierre I, no. 22.
[91] Saint-Bertin II.76, 938, p. 141.
[92] Kerrebrouck, p. 61, footnote 35.
[93] Nicholas, p. 42.
[94] Annales Blandinienses 962, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[95] Saint-Bertin II.78, p. 153.
[96] AS 1002.
[97] Genealogić Comitum Flandrić, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 304.
[98] MGH SS IX, p. 302, Introduction to Witgeri Genealogia Arnulfi Comitis.
[99] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1005, MGH SS XXIII, p. 778.
[100] Annales Blandinienses 1008, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[101] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenbücher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und Lüneburg (Hannover), Lüneburg.
[102] Annales Elnonenses Minores 964, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[103] Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium I.110, MGH SS 7, p. 448.
[104] Dictionnaire de Biographie Française, Vol. 3, pp. 1238-40, cited by Baldwin, S. The Henry Project, <http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/baldw002.htm> (2 Jan 2005)..
[105] When she gave birth to her husband's posthumous child.
[106] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 11, MGH SS XXIV, p. 568.
[107] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 27.2, MGH SS XXV, p. 776.
[108] Annales Elnonenses Minores 964, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[109] Nicholas, p. 43.
[110] Nicholas, p. 44.
[111] Annales Blandinienses 989, MGH SS V, p. 25.
[112] ES II 5, and Rösch, p. 167.
[113] Annales Elnonenses Minores [950-968], MGH SS V, p. 19.
[114] Nicholas, p. 44.
[115] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[116] Date of a charter in which she is called "regina", cited in Vanderkindere, I, p. 295, citing Van Lokeren, Chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Pierre I, no. 64.
[117] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 60 footnote 32.
[118] Annales Elnonenses Minores 1003, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[119] MGH Poetć Latini medii ćvi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 299.
[120] Vanderkindere, I, p. 206, citing Van Lokeren, Chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Pierre I, 71.
[121] MGH Poetć Latini medii ćvi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 298.
[122] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[123] Annales Elnonenses Minores 1035, MGH SS V, p. 19.
[124] Nicholas, p. 45.
[125] Nicholas, p. 46.
[126] Murray (2000), p. 28.
[127] Nocholas, p. 46.
[128] Nicholas, p. 46.
[129] Nicholas, p. 48.
[130] Annales Blandinienses 1035, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[131] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[132] ES I.2 203.
[133] Annales Blandinienses 1030, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[134] MGH Poetć Latini medii ćvi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 299.
[135] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis, MGH SS IX, p. 307, footnote 19 naming her "Alienoram", without specifying the primary source on which this is based.
[136] AS 1066.
[137] WJ V.13, p. 128.
[138] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[139] AS 1066.
[140] Florence of Worcester, 1051, p. 152.
[141] Barlow (1992), p. 38.
[142] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium, MGH SS 23, p. 792.
[143] Chibnall, Vol. IV, Appendix I, p. 350.
[144] Bernoldi Chronicon 1094, MGH SS V, p. 457.
[145] She fled with her husband and parents-in-law after the Council of 9 Sep 1051, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1052 [1051].
[146] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E, 1055.
[147] Annales Elnonenses Maiores 1067, MGH SS V, p. 13, which records his death "Kal Sept" and his burial "Insulć".
[148] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[149] Nicholas, p. 48.
[150] Murray (2000), p. 28.
[151] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C, 1047, and D 1048 [1047].
[152] Nicholas, p. 50.
[153] Nicholas, p. 46.
[154] Nicholas, p. 51.
[155] Annales Blandinienses 1067, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[156] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[157] Genealogić Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.
[158] Nicholas, p. 52.
[159] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 307.
[160] Annales Elnonenses Maiores 1067, MGH SS V, p. 13, which records his death "16 Kal Aug" and his burial "Hasnonie".
[161] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[162] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1060, MGH SS XXIII, p. 792.
[163] Nicholas, pp. 49-50.
[164] Annales Blandinienses 1070, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[165] Annales Flandrić, cited in CP VI 448 footnote m.
[166] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[167] Saint-Bertin I.21, p. 197.
[168] Annales Blandinienses 1071, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[169] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[170] Guibert II.XII, p. 147.
[171] Saint-Bertin I.21, p. 197.
[172] Vanderkindere, p. 300, citing Mirćus IV, 185.
[173] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[174] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 45.
[175] "On Whit Sunday in the second year of King William's reign", Orderic Vitalis, Vol. 2, Book IV, p. 215.
[176] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 330.
[177] WJ VII.26, p. 211.
[178] Nicholas, pp. 64-5.
[179] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 373.
[180] Nicholas, pp. 64-5.
[181] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 373.
[182] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[183] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[184] Saint-Bertin I.21, p. 197.
[185] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, Book V, p. 103.
[186] Annales Blandinienses 1063, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[187] Nicholas, p. 52.
[188] Nicholas, p. 57.
[189] Malmesbury, 257, pp. 242-3.
[190] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 166.
[191] Annales Blandinienses 1093, MGH SS V, p. 27.
[192] Saint-Bertin II.92, p. 288.
[193] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[194] Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 384.
[195] Annales Egmundani 1063, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.
[196] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 321.
[197] Saint-Bertin II.92, p. 288.
[198] Annales Blandinienses 1119, MGH SS V, p. 28.
[199] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[200] Malaterra, IV.20, p. 98.
[201] Lamberti Audomariensis Chronica 1113, Catalogus Regum Langobardorum et Imperatorum, MGH SS V, p. 66.
[202] Saint-Bertin II.92, p. 288.
[203] Saint-Bertin II.45, p. 256.
[204] Murray (2000), p. 144.
[205] Saint-Bertin II.28, p. 239.
[206] Vita Karoli Comitis Flandrić 7, MGH SS XII, p. 542, footnote 15 specifying that this was Encres in Picardy and that his predecessor Count Baudouin had given it to him in 1115.
[207] Nicholas, p. 62.
[208] Galbert of Bruges (Galbertus notarius Brugensis), De multro, traditione, et occisione gloriosi Karoli comitis Flandriarum, ed. Jeff Rider, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 131 (Turnhout, 1994), p. 15, discussed in Murray (2000), pp. 139-45.
[209] The other three being Friedrich II Duke of Swabia, Leopold III "der Heilige" Markgraf of Austria and Lothar von Supplingenberg Duke of Saxony.
[210] Nicholas, pp. 62-3.
[211] Saint-Bertin II.1, 1127, p. 297.
[212] It is assumed that Marguerite was born soon after her parents' marriage as her mother was already nearly 40 years old at the time.
[213] Vita Karoli Comitis Flandrić 7, MGH SS XII, p. 542.
[214] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 163, and Annales Elnonenses Maiores 1111, MGH SS V, p. 14, "Atrebato sepelitur".
[215] Saint-Bertin I.29, p. 205.
[216] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[217] Annales Blandinienses 1086, MGH SS V, p. 26.
[218] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 166.
[219] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 215.
[220] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 298.
[221] Nicholas, p. 58.
[222] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 161.
[223] Malmesbury 257, p. 243.
[224] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 328.
[225] ES II 5.
[226] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 321.
[227] Saint-Bertin II.57, p. 266.
[228] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 163.
[229] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[230] Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 166.
[231] Nicholas, p. 58.
[232] Nicholas, p. 62.
[233] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 298.
[234] Annales Elnonenses Maiores 1119, MGH SS V, p. 14.
[235] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[236] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 163.
[237] Malmesbury, 403, p. 351, and Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 191.
[238] Malmesbury, p. 351, footnote 2.
[239] Nicholas, pp. 57-8.
[240] Annales Blandinienses 1119, MGH SS V, p. 28.
[241] Vita Karoli Comitis Flandrić 6, MGH SS XII, p. 541.
[242] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[243] Flandria Generosa 25, MGH SS IX, p. 323, which traces the relationship between the couple back to Guillaume II "le Libérateur" Comte de Provence. .
[244] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[245] Saint-Bertin II.45, p. 256.
[246] Saint-Bertin II.92, p. 288.
[247] Herimanni, Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis 18, MGH SS XIV, p. 283.
[248] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[249] Saint-Bertin II.11, 1127, p. 298.
[250] Lamberti Genealogia Comitum Flandrić 8, MGH SS IX, p. 311.
[251] Loo Saint-Pierre I, p. 1.
[252] Vanderkindere, p. 301, "une cardeuse de laine".
[253] Saint-Bertin II.11, 1127, p. 298.
[254] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 375.
[255] Nicholas, p. 62.
[256] Loo Saint-Pierre IV, p. 6.
[257] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book VIII, p. 371.
[258] Nicholas, pp. 62-3.
[259] Ross, J. B. (trans.) (1967) Galbert of Bruges: The Murder of Charles the Good (New York), c. 79, p. 248.
[260] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 300.
[261] Loo Saint-Pierre VIII, p. 14.
[262] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 300.
[263] Henry of Huntingdon, p. 81.
[264] Loo Saint-Pierre IX, p. 15.
[265] Domesday Descendants, pp. 795-6.
[266] Nicholas, p. 70.
[267] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[268] Loo Saint-Pierre IV, p. 6.
[269] Flandria Generosa 16, MGH SS IX, p. 321, footnote 77 naming her "Otgiva seu Maria" without specifying the source on which this is based.
[270] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 38.4, MGH SS XXV, p. 785.
[271] MGH SS XXV, p. 785, footnote 7 states that she is named "Maria" in a later edition of the Chronicć Flandrensis.
[272] ES II 5.
[273] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 299.
[274] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 307, where the second daughter is incorrectly referred to as the wife of Philippe II King of France.
[275] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 299.
[276] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 299.
[277] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 373.
[278] Nicholas, pp. 64-5.
[279] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 262.
[280] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 349.
[281] Annales Blandinienses 1157 and 1164, MGH SS V, p. 29.
[282] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[283] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 300.
[284] Flandria Generosa 32, MGH SS IX, p. 324.
[285] Loo Saint-Pierre VIII, p. 14.
[286] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 165, Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 333 and 379.
[287] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 300.
[288] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 262.
[289] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 361.
[290] Annales Aquicinctini 1165, MGH SS XVI, p. 504.
[291] Saint-Bertin II.11, p. 300.
[292] Flandria Generosa 32, MGH SS IX, p. 324.
[293] Annales Blandinienses 1144, MGH SS V, p. 29.
[294] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[295] Arras St Vaast 3, p. 34.
[296] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis, MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[297] Nicholas, p. 71.
[298] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 416.
[299] Count Philippe was never appointed Regent of France nor guardian of the young king, see Kerrebrouck, p. 114, footnote 14.
[300] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 106 and 542.
[301] Poull, p. 360.
[302] Nicholas, p. 74.
[303] WTC XXVI.IV and VI, p. 179-82.
[304] Annales Blandinienses 1191, MGH SS V, p. 30.
[305] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 8, MGH SS IX, p. 329.
[306] Annales Blandinienses 1157, MGH SS V, p. 29.
[307] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[308] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[309] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 4, MGH SS IX, p. 327. The date "28 Mar" is inserted in the margin by the editor.
[310] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 9, MGH SS IX, p. 329.
[311] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 8, MGH SS IX, p. 329.
[312] Nicholas, p. 74.
[313] Teulet, A. (ed.) (1863-1866) Layettes du trésor des chartes I-II (Paris), Vol. I, p. 181, cited in Bouchard, p. 261.
[314] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 13 and 14, MGH SS IX, pp. 330-1.
[315] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1218, MGH SS XXIII, p. 907.
[316] Kerrebrouck, p. 575.
[317] Villehardouin, I, p. 30.
[318] WTC XXVIII.V, p. 256.
[319] ES II 7.
[320] Villehardouin Chronique de la Croisade de Constantinople ed. Buchon (Paris, 1829), 25 and 52, cited in Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1968) 'L'Empereur Isaac de Chypre et sa fille (1155-1207)', Byzantion XXXVIII, reprinted in Familles de l'Orient latin XIIe-XIVe sičcles (Variorum Reprints, London, 1983), I, pp. 169-72.
[321] WTC XXVIII.V, p. 256.
[322] Villehardouin, 52, quoted in Rüdt-Collenberg (1968), p. 173.
[323] WTC XXVIII.V, p. 256.
[324] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis, MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[325] Annales Blandinienses 1166, MGH SS V, p. 29.
[326] Annales Blandinienses 1172, MGH SS V, p. 29, and Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 541.
[327] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 2, MGH SS IX, p. 327.
[328] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[329] MP, Vol. II, 1160, p. 216. He also specifies that two daughters were born from this marriage.
[330] Genealogica comitum Buloniensium MGH SS IX, p. 301.
[331] Poull, p. 361.
[332] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 509 and 514.
[333] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis), MGH SS IX, p. 327.
[334] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[335] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 515-16.
[336] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 202, MGH SS XXIV, p. 758.
[337] Annales Egmundani 1181, MGH SS XVI, p. 469.
[338] Poull, p. 361.
[339] Poull, p. 361.
[340] ES III 649 (Les Comtes de Dammartin-en-Goële).
[341] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[342] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 515-16.
[343] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis), MGH SS IX, p. 327.
[344] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis, MGH SS IX, p. 307, and Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[345] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[346] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1175, MGH SS XXIII, p. 855.
[347] Nicholas, p. 72.
[348] Cîteaux 248, p. 196.
[349] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 325.
[350] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 513.
[351] Cîteaux 248, p. 196.
[352] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis, MGH SS IX, p. 307.
[353] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[354] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 1, MGH SS IX, p. 327.
[355] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[356] Annales Elnonenses Maiores 1191, MGH SS V, p. 16.
[357] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 1, MGH SS IX, p. 327.
[358] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 518.
[359] Annales Blandinienses 1194, MGH SS V, p. 30.
[360] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 589.
[361] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[362] ES II 7.
[363] Nicholas, p. 76.
[364] Vanderkindere, p. 313, citing De Coussemaker Documents relatifs ŕ la Flandre maritime, 58.
[365] Vanderkindere, p. 313, citing De Coussemaker Documents relatifs ŕ la Flandre maritime, 58.
[366] Vanderkindere, p. 313, citing Du Chesne, A. (1639)Histoire généalogique de la maison de Béthune, Preuves, 40.
[367] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[368] Nicholas, p. 73.
[369] Gade, pp. 66-.
[370] Nicholas, p. 74.
[371] Nicholas, p. 74.
[372] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 518.
[373] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[374] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 519.
[375] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1191, MGH SS XXIII, p. 868.
[376] Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1187, MGH SS V, p. 46.
[377] Count Philippe was never appointed Regent of France nor guardian of the young king, see Kerrebrouck, p. 114, footnote 14.
[378] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 7, MGH SS IX, p. 329.
[379] Rigordi Gestis Philippi II Augusti 1189, MGH SS XXVI, p. 291.
[380] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 312.
[381] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 528.
[382] Gade, p. 66.
[383] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 519.
[384] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1191, MGH SS XXIII, p. 868.
[385] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1214, MGH SS XXIII, p. 899.
[386] Kerrebrouck, p. 457.
[387] Sturdza, p. 489.
[388] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 530.
[389] Gade, p. 66.
[390] Kerrebrouck, p. 457.
[391] Fine (1994), p. 113.
[392] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[393] Nicholas, p. 75.
[394] Kerrebrouck, p. 110.
[395] 'La Chronique de Gislebert de Mons', Recueil de textes pour server ŕ l'étude de l'histoire de Belgique, ed. L. Vanderkindere (Bruxelles, 1904), pp. 285-6, cited in Kerrebrouck, p. 458.
[396] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[397] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1191, MGH SS XXIII, p. 868.
[398] Bibliothčque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Série 4, Tome III (1857), p. 161.
[399] Villehardouin, 19, p. 147.
[400] Fine (1994), p. 67.
[401] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 519.
[402] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Bruxellensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[403] Nicholas, p. 75.
[404] Nicholas, p. 75.
[405] Runc 3, p. 101.
[406] Sturdza, p. 477.
[407] His title was Basileus Romaion, the same as borne by his predecessor Emperors of Byzantium, see Sturdza, p. 488.
[408] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 125.
[409] Fine (1994), pp. 81-2.
[410] Nicholas, p. 76.
[411] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1198, MGH SS XXIII, p. 876.
[412] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 528.
[413] WYC XXVI.XIV, p. 195.
[414] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Gislenensis), MGH SS IX, p. 326.
[415] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 136. According to Sturdza, p. 476, she assumed that she was rejoining her husband in Palestine not knowing of the crusade's diversion to Constantinople and his election as Emperor.
[416] Flandria Generosa (Continuatio Claromariscensis) 12, MGH SS IX, p. 330.
[417] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Marchianensis, MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[418] Nicholas, p. 151.
[419] Nicholas, p. 152.
[420] Nicholas, pp. 153-4.
[421] Nicholas, p. 155.
[422] Nicholas, pp. 155-6.
[423] Annales Blandinienses 1244, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[424] Necrologio Sanctć Waldetrudis, MGH SS XXI, p. 619.
[425] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Marchianensis, MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[426] Nicholas, pp. 152-3.
[427] Nicholas, p. 156.
[428] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1229, MGH SS XXIII, p. 924.
[429] Hugonis Continuatio Clarimariscensis 1233, MGH SS XXIV, p. 101.
[430] Annales Blandinienses 1233, MGH SS V, p. 30.
[431] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 252, MGH SS XXIV, p. 772.
[432] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1233, MGH SS XXIII, p. 933.
[433] Sturdza, p. 490.
[434] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308.
[435] Annales Blandinienses 1237, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[436] Nicholas, p. 156.
[437] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 252, MGH SS XXIV, p. 772.
[438] Nicholas, p. 156.
[439] Kerrebrouck, p. 226.
[440] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Marchianensis, MGH SS IX, p. 306.
[441] Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini auctore Iohanne Longo de Ipra 46.11, MGH SS XXV, p. 824.
[442] Villehardouin, 15, p. 111.
[443] Annales Blandinienses 1244, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[444] Nicholas, p. 151.
[445] Nicholas, pp. 156-7.
[446] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 574.
[447] Nicholas, p. 157.
[448] MP, Vol. V, 1254, p. 434.
[449] MP, Vol. V, 1254, p. 435.
[450] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1216, MGH SS XXIII, p. 904.
[451] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308.
[452] MP, Vol. V, 1254, p. 435.
[453] Nicholas, p. 157.
[454] Nicholas, p. 157.
[455] Bayley, p. 39.
[456] Annales Blandinienses 1244, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[457] Necrologio Sanctć Waldetrudis, MGH SS XXI, p. 619.
[458] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[459] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 574.
[460] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308.
[461] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308.
[462] MP, Vol. V, 1254, p. 435.
[463] Annales Blandinienses 1256, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[464] Poull, La Maison de Bar, p. 229.
[465] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[466] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 574.
[467] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[468] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 574.
[469] Ghent, p. 83.
[470] Genealogica Comitum Flandrić Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308.
[471] MP, Vol. V, 1254, p. 435.
[472] Bayley, p. 39.
[473] Nicholas, p. 157.
[474] Kerrebrouck, p. 462.
[475] Nicholas, pp. 181-4.
[476] Nicholas, pp. 187-8.
[477] Nicholas, pp. 189-95.
[478] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[479] Annales Blandinienses 1250 and 1262, MGH SS V, p. 31.
[480] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 575.
[481] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[482] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[483] The date of his testament, ES VII 79 (Les Seigneurs d'Enghien II).
[484] ES II 8 and ES II 60. According to Le Hęte, p. 145, the second wife of Jean de Chalon Sire d'Arlay was the widow of Guillaume de Flandre not his daughter.
[485] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[486] Annales Blandinienses 1291, MGH SS V, p. 34.
[487] Annales Blandinienses 1284, MGH SS V, p. 33.
[488] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[489] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[490] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[491] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 575.
[492] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[493] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[494] Annales Blandinienses 1290, MGH SS V, p. 33.
[495] Kerrebrouck, p. 472.
[496] Ghent, p. 48.
[497] Kerrebrouck, p. 472.
[498] Kerrebrouck, p. 472.
[499] Ghent, p. 48.
[500] Poull (1991), p. 93.
[501] Continuator of Guillaume de Nangis, Funck-Brentano (1896) Collection de Textes (Paris), p. 88, no. 1, cited in Ghent, p. 84 footnote 4. According to Ghent, p. 84, Philippine died in May 1306.
[502] Nicholas, pp. 187-8, and Ghent, p. 11.
[503] Ghent, p. 3.
[504] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[505] Annales Blandinienses 1290, MGH SS V, p. 33.
[506] Kerrebrouck, p. 250.
[507] Nicholas, pp. 189-95.
[508] Nicholas, pp. 196-7.
[509] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[510] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon, MGH SS XXV, p. 575.
[511] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandrić MGH SS IX, p. 335.
[512] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon, MGH SS XXV, p. 575.
[513] Ghent, p. 84, which says he "did not long survive".
[514] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[515] Nicholas, p. 196.
[516] Nicholas, p. 197.
[517] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[518] Nicholas, p. 197.
[519] Nicholas, p. 210.
[520] ES VII 80.
[521] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[522] Nicholas, p. 210.
[523] Nicholas, p. 215.
[524] Nicholas, pp. 217-24.
[525] Nicholas, p. 197.
[526] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[527] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[528] Gade, p. 181.
[529] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 19, MGH SS XXV, p. 583.
[530] Nicholas, p. 227.
[531] Illegitimate, according to Cahier de Saint Louis 30, p. 14.
[532] ES III 294, extinct in the male line in 1545.
[533] ES III 294, extinct in the male line in 1481.