• Abstract (HTML)

A brief overview and summary of the wear studies conducted.

• Contents (PDF)

• Introduction, Literature Review, Introduction to Current Investigation, Methodology (PDF)

Basic friction theory, adhesion, abrasion, third body wear, glaze (compacted oxide) formation during high temperature sliding wear, the Superalloy materials (Stellite 6, Incoloy 800HT, Nimonic 80A, Incoloy MA956) used in current investigation, wear of alloys with second phase and relevance to current investigation (i.e. carbides within Stellite 6, or oxide dispersion phases in Incoloy MA956).

• Results (PDF) - Wear, Characterisation and Related Data

Effects of wear at sliding speeds of 0.314 m.s^-1 and 0.905 m.s^-1 between room temperature and 750°C after 4,522 m (and 13,032 m at 0.905 m.s^-1) for Nimonic 80A and Incoloy MA956 as sample materials, when slid against either Stellite 6 or Incoloy 800HT as counterface materials.  

In depth studies include:

1. Examination of the Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6 sliding system at varying distances up to 4,522 m at 0.314 m.s^-1 and temperatures of 510°C and 750°C, also reversal of sample and counterface and replacement of Nimonic 80A as a sample material with Nickel 200^TM (effectively taking chromium out of the way).

2. Nimonic 80A versus Incoloy 800HT and Incoloy MA956 versus Incoloy 800HT, with reciprocation switched off at 0.314 m.s^-1 and 510°C.

3. Nano-scale studies, including nano-hardness, TEM studies and STM.

Note that the downloading of this file will take a while if you have a slow internet connection.

• Discussion of results (PDF)

Discussion of the data and information collected and the use of it to create mini-wear maps for each combination.   Also discussion of nano-data with respect to glaze formation.

• Conclusions / Summary (PDF)

Even this section is sizeable and requires a reasonable supply of coffee - effectively a summary of all the above if you don't have time to go through all the information.

• Suggestions for Further Work (PDF)

Suggestions for extensions to nano-scale work, plus possibly adding controlled amounts of aluminium to Incoloy MA956 to study diffusion effects and testing of pure metals and alloy compositions without minor alloying components, to ascertain the exact effect of each individual alloying component.

• References and Appendix 1(PDF)

The "References" section, as suggested by the title, lists other work referred to in the theses.   "Appendix 1" (added unofficially in early 2006) also lists journal articles directly related to the research (some of it published after the thesis), plus closely related publications by other authors.   There's also an e-mail link included for anyone wanting to contact me (beefnetuk@yahoo.co.uk)!!!

• List of Errata and Revisions in Thesis (unofficial - PDF)

I've also included a list of errata and minor revisions of the thesis (typographical corrections in each case), so depending on the version you have (submission document - V1.00, 'Dissertation.com' version - V1.01 or latest revision - V1.02), you know where any errors are and why I made any corrections.   I've kept this as a separate document from the main thesis for the sake of clarity.   Unlike the other documents above, it is printable.

• Extra_5215 (PDF) - 

A little extra on the incremental sliding distance tests I did - various distances up to 4,522 m - with the Nimonic 80A versus Stellitie 6 wear combination, with comments on extra testing at room temperature and 630°C added to that covered in the thesis at 510°C and 750°C.

• Extra_53 (PDF) - 

Reversal of sample and counterface work carried out for the Incoloy MA956 versus Stellite 6 combination at 0.314 m.s^-1 and 510°C, adding to that carried out in the main thesis for Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6.

• High Temperature ‘Like‑on‑like’ Sliding of Nimonic 80A under Conditions of Limited Debris Retention (PDF) - 

Complements the Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6 sliding wear studies, looking at the sliding wear of Nimonic 80A against itself ('like-on-like' sliding, meaning both sample and counterface are Nimonic 80A) at 750°C and sliding speeds of 0.314, 0.405, 0.484, 0.654 and 0.905 m.s^-1, over a distance of 4,522 m.   The objective is to alter the chemistry of the oxides generated by taking away the Stellite 6 counterface (especially at lower sliding speed) and see how this affects 'glaze' formation.

I'm not sending this to a journal, as the necessary characterisation work needed to turn it into a full paper hasn't been completed.   However, if you wish to take a look, go right ahead.   By the way, I've not disabled printing of this document if you want to sit and read it properly.

References to this should take the following form:

[1] I.A. Inman – "High Temperature ‘Like‑on‑like’ Sliding of Nimonic 80A under Conditions of Limited Debris Retention", Unpublished Work, Northumbria University (2003).

• Development of a Simple ‘Temperature versus Sliding Speed’ Wear Map for the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Metallic Interfaces II (PDF) - 

Additional wear map work done with more sliding speeds - 0.314, 0.405, 0.484, 0.654 and 0.905 m.s^-1 over 4,522 m - at 630°C, 690°C and 750°C for the Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6 combination.   This document adds to the wear map work detailed in the main thesis and the papers following, especially that entitled “Development of a Simple ‘Temperature versus Sliding Speed’ Wear Map for the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Metallic Interfaces”.   See the list of papers following for more information.

The information in this new file supersedes the information held in the original and now withdrawn file 'Extra_524_615' (note that the filename has changed to 'extra_wear_map.pdf').   Also, if you want to have a good look at it, printing is not disabled with this document either.

This document was originally forwarded to 'Wear', however, it has not been accepted to date for publication.   If this changes, the paper will be removed from here and will then be accessible from the Science Direct website (possibly in a modified form).

Unless the status of the paper changes, references to it should take the following form:

[1] I.A. Inman, P.S. Datta, J.S. Burnell‑Gray, A.W. Wilson – "Development of a Simple ‘Temperature versus Sliding Speed’ Wear Map for the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Metallic Interfaces II", Unpublished Work, Northumbria University (2007).