The following should be added: "If outbut buffering is still active when the script ends, PHP outputs it automatically. In effect, every script ends with ob_end_flush()."
ob_start
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
ob_start — Enclenche la temporisation de sortie
Description
bool ob_start
([ callable
$output_callback = NULL
[, int $chunk_size = 0
[, int $flags = PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS
]]] )ob_start() démarre la temporisation de sortie. Tant qu'elle est enclenchée, aucune donnée, hormis les en-têtes, n'est envoyée au navigateur, mais temporairement mise en tampon.
Le contenu de ce tampon peut être copié dans une chaîne avec la fonction ob_get_contents(). Pour afficher le contenu de ce tampon, utilisez ob_end_flush(). Au contraire, ob_end_clean() effacera le contenu de ce tampon.
Avertissement
Quelques serveurs web (par exemple Apache) modifient le dossier de travail d'un script lorsqu'il appelle une fonction de rappel. Vous pouvez revenir à un comportement normal en ajoutant chdir(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])) dans votre fonction de rappel.
Les tampons de sortie sont gérés par pile, c'est-à-dire que vous pouvez appeler plusieurs fois ob_start() simultanément. Assurez-vous que vous appelez ob_end_flush() suffisamment souvent. Si plusieurs fonctions de rappel sont actives, les contenus seront filtrés séquentiellement, dans l'ordre d'emboîtement.
Liste de paramètres
-
output_callback -
Une fonction optionnelle de rappel peut être spécifiée. Cette fonction prend une chaîne comme paramètre, et retourne une chaîne. Elle sera appelée lorsque le tampon sera envoyé ou supprimé (avec les fonctions ob_flush(), ob_clean() ou des fonctions similaires) ou lorsque le tampon sera envoyé au navigateur à la fin du script et recevra le contenu du tampon de sortie. Lorsque la fonction
output_callbackest appelée, elle doit retourner un nouveau contenu pour le tampon de sortie : celui-ci sera envoyé au navigateur. Sioutput_callbackn'est pas une fonction accessible, la fonction retourneraFALSE. Voici la signature de la fonction de rappel :bool handler ( string$buffer[, int$phase] )-
buffer - Contenu du buffer de sortie.
-
phase -
Masque de constantes
PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_*.
Si
output_callbackretourneFALSE, l'entrée originale est envoyée au navigateur.Le paramètre
output_callbackpeut être annulé en y passant la valeurNULL.ob_end_clean(), ob_end_flush(), ob_clean(), ob_flush() et ob_start() ne doivent pas être appelés depuis une fonction de rappel. Si vous les appelez depuis une fonction de rappel, le comportement ne sera pas défini. Si vous voulez effacer le contenu du tampon, retournez "" (une chaîne vide) depuis la fonction de rappel. Vous ne pourrez jamais appeler les fonctions utilisant la fonction de temporisation de sortie comme print_r($expression, true) ou highlight_file($filename, true) depuis une fonction de rappel.
Note:
La fonction ob_gzhandler() a été introduite pour faciliter l'envoi de fichiers compressés avec gzip aux navigateurs web qui supportent les pages compressées. ob_gzhandler() détermine le type d'encodage accepté par un navigateur, et retourne le contenu le plus adéquat.
-
-
chunk_size -
Si le paramètre optionnel
chunk_sizeest passé, la fonction de rappel est appelée à chaque nouvelle ligne aprèschunk_sizeoctets d'affichage. La valeur par défaut 0 (zéro) signifie que l'affichage de la fonction ne sera appelé que lorsque le buffer de sortie est clos.Avant la version PHP 5.4.0, la valeur 1 était une valeur spéciale qui définissait la taille du morceau à 4096 octets.
-
flags -
Le paramètre
flagsest un masque qui contrôle les opérations qui peuvent être effectuées sur le tampon de sortie. Par défaut, il autorise le tampon de sortie à être nettoyé, envoyé et supprimé, ce qui peut être défini explicitement avec les constantesPHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE|PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_FLUSHABLE|PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE, ouPHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGScomme alias.Chaque drapeau contrôle l'accès à un jeu de fonctions, tel décrit ci-dessous :
Constante Fonctions PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLEob_clean(), ob_end_clean() et ob_get_clean(). PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_FLUSHABLEob_end_flush(), ob_flush() et ob_get_flush(). PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLEob_end_clean(), ob_end_flush() et ob_get_flush().
Valeurs de retour
Cette fonction retourne TRUE en cas de
succès ou FALSE si une erreur survient.
Historique
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 7.0.0 |
Lors de l'utilisation d'ob_start() a l'intérieur d'une
fonction de rappel d'un tampon de sortie, cette fonction ne lèvera plus une
E_ERROR mais une E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR,
autorisant les gestionnaires d'erreur personnalisés d’attraper ces erreurs.
|
| 5.4.0 |
Le troisième paramètre de la fonction ob_start()
est passé d'un booléen appelé erase
(qui, s'il était défini à FALSE va empécher le tampon de sortie
d'être effacé tant que le script n'a pas terminé son exécution)
en un entier appelé flags. Malheureusement,
cela conduit un cassure de la compatibilité de l'API pour les lignes
de code écrites avant PHP 5.4.0 qui utilisent ce troisième paramètre.
Voir les exemples avec les
drapeaux pour un exemple qui gère ce problème en permettant
une compatibilité avec les deux comportements.
|
| 5.4.0 | Une taille de morceau de 1 résulte maintenant en 1 octet envoyé au buffer de sortie. |
| 4.3.2 |
Cette fonction a été modifiée pour retourner FALSE dans le cas
où output_callback ne peut être exécuté.
|
Exemples
Exemple #1 Exemple de gestion de sortie avec fonction de rappel
<?php
function rappel($buffer)
{
// remplace toutes les pommes par des carottes
return (str_replace("pommes de terre", "carottes", $buffer));
}
ob_start("rappel");
?>
<html>
<body>
<p>C'est comme comparer des carottes et des pommes de terre.</p>
</body>
</html>
<?php
ob_end_flush();
?>
L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
<html> <body> <p>C'est comme comparer des carottes et des carottes.</p> </body> </html>
Exemple #2 Crée un tampon de sortie in-effacable de sorte à être compatible avec PHP 5.3 et PHP 5.4
<?php
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.4.0', '>=')) {
ob_start(null, 0, PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS ^
PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE);
} else {
ob_start(null, 0, false);
}
?>
Voir aussi
- ob_get_contents() - Retourne le contenu du tampon de sortie
- ob_end_clean() - Détruit les données du tampon de sortie et éteint la temporisation de sortie
- ob_end_flush() - Envoie les données du tampon de sortie et éteint la temporisation de sortie
- ob_implicit_flush() - Active/désactive l'envoi implicite
- ob_gzhandler() - Fonction de rappel pour la compression automatique des tampons
- ob_iconv_handler() - Gestionnaire de sortie pour maîtriser le jeu de caractères de sortie
- mb_output_handler() - Fonction de traitement des affichages
- ob_tidyhandler() - Fonction de rappel ob_start pour réparer le buffer
add a note
User Contributed Notes 59 notes
php at bucksvsbytes dot com ¶
13 years ago
Ray Paseur (Paseur ... ImagineDB.com) ¶
13 years ago
You can use PHP to generate a static HTML page. Useful if you have a complex script that, for performance reasons, you do not want site visitors to run repeatedly on demand. A "cron" job can execute the PHP script to create the HTML page. For example:
<?php // CREATE index.html
ob_start();
/* PERFORM COMLEX QUERY, ECHO RESULTS, ETC. */
$page = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
$cwd = getcwd();
$file = "$cwd" .'/'. "index.html";
@chmod($file,0755);
$fw = fopen($file, "w");
fputs($fw,$page, strlen($page));
fclose($fw);
die();
?>
venky_athome at yahoo dot com ¶
15 years ago
IE 55. sp2 and IE6 as on the date of adding this note have problems with content type gzip and caching http headers. The pages are never cached. I think this combination of http headers can also crash the browser.
see http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;321722
coldshine at gmail dot com ¶
10 years ago
Referring to dan at roteloftet dot com's comment:
RFC 2616 (HTTP) specifies a "transparent" Content-Encoding, "identity" (§ 3.5), that nicely suits what you tried to do with the (invalid) "None". So this equally working, and it's also RFC-compliant:
<?php
header('Content-Encoding: identity', true);
?>
geoffrey at nevra dot net ¶
13 years ago
When using a callback with ob_start(), functions like ob_get_contents() don't make use of it, use ob_end_flush() instead.
nb: not tested with every ob_* functions, just ob_get_contents() and ob_end_flush()
mjr ¶
14 years ago
If you're using object-orientated code in PHP you may, like me, want to use a call-back function that is inside an object (i.e. a class function). In this case you send ob_start a two-element array as its single argument. The first element is the name of the object (without the $ at the start), and the second is the function to call. So to use a function 'indent' in an object called '$template' you would use <?php ob_start(array('template', 'indent')); ?>.
ernest at vogelsinger dot at ¶
12 years ago
When you rely on URL rewriting to pass the PHP session ID you should be careful with ob_get_contents(), as this might disable URL rewriting completely.
Example:
ob_start();
session_start();
echo '<a href=".">self link</a>';
$data = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
echo $data;
In the example above, URL rewriting will never occur. In fact, rewriting would occur if you ended the buffering envelope using ob_end_flush(). It seems to me that rewriting occurs in the very same buffering envelope where the session gets started, not at the final output stage.
If you need a scenario like the one above, using an "inner envelope" will help:
ob_start();
ob_start(); // add the inner buffering envelope
session_start();
echo '<a href=".">self link</a>';
ob_end_flush(); // closing the inner envelope will activate URL rewriting
$data = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
echo $data;
In case you're interested or believe like me that this is rather a design flaw instead of a feature, please visit bug #35933 (http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=35933) and comment on it.
mariusads at helpedia dot com ¶
9 years ago
Make sure the editor you use does not add the UTF8/UTF16 BOM at the start of the scripts if you want to use ob_start("ob_gzhandler");
If those three characters are present, browsers like Firefox won't be able to decode the pages and will report:
Content Encoding Error
The page you are trying to view cannot be shown because it uses an invalid or unsupported form of compression.
The page you are trying to view cannot be shown because it uses an invalid or unsupported form of compression.
Google Chrome will simply report "Error 2 (net::ERR_FAILED): Unknown error."
With the ob_start command commented out, the page is successfully load and the browser will usually detect the BOM and not show it on the page, so everything's hard to debug.
dan at roteloftet dot com ¶
10 years ago
Some web hosting servers (mine do, at least) have in their php.ini the following setting:
output_handler = ob_gzhandler
This proved problematic for php-scripts which returns an image or a binary file in general, since there is no way to determine the content length of the compressed file.
Since I spent a lot of time scouring the net searching for a work-around (.htaccess-modifications were out of the picture for various reasons), I found this to work nicely to cancel out the ob_gzhandler specified in the php.ini:
<?php
while (ob_get_level())
ob_end_clean();
header("Content-Encoding: None", true);
?>
Put this at the top of the script before anything else is written to the page, and the script result will not be compressed.
Francois Hill ¶
11 years ago
Following clement dot ayme at st dot com 's remark :
In my experience it seems that the output IS buffered, but ALSO sent to the standard output !
ed.oohay (a) suamhcs_rodnan ¶
15 years ago
Output Buffering even works in nested scopes or might be applied in recursive structures... thought this might save someone a little time guessing and testing :)
<pre><?php
ob_start(); // start output buffer 1
echo "a"; // fill ob1
ob_start(); // start output buffer 2
echo "b"; // fill ob2
$s1 = ob_get_contents(); // read ob2 ("b")
ob_end_flush(); // flush ob2 to ob1
echo "c"; // continue filling ob1
$s2 = ob_get_contents(); // read ob1 ("a" . "b" . "c")
ob_end_flush(); // flush ob1 to browser
// echoes "b" followed by "abc", as supposed to:
echo "<HR>$s1<HR>$s2<HR>";
?></pre>
... at least works on Apache 1.3.28
Nandor =)
mchojrin at gmail dot com ¶
6 years ago
Just a word of warning to those like myself who are upgrading from 5.3. I have a piece of code that used to work:
<?php
if ( !ob_start( !DEBUGMODE ? 'ob_gzhandler' : '' ) ) {
ob_start();
}
?>
Which is not working anymore (I get an error like: Warning: ob_start(): function '' not found or invalid function name).
It's easily fixed though, just changed the '' to a null, like this:
<?php
if ( !ob_start( !DEBUGMODE ? 'ob_gzhandler' : null ) ) {
ob_start();
}
?>
Which preserves the code intention but works :)
Asher Haig (ahaig at ridiculouspower dot com) ¶
11 years ago
When a script ends, all buffered output is flushed (this is not a bug: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=42334&thanks=4). What happens when the script throws an error (and thus ends) in the middle of an output buffer? The script spits out everything in the buffer before printing the error!
Here is the simplest solution I have been able to find. Put it at the beginning of the error handling function to clear all buffered data and print only the error:
$handlers = ob_list_handlers();
while ( ! empty($handlers) ) {
ob_end_clean();
$handlers = ob_list_handlers();
}
Chris ¶
8 years ago
Careful with while using functions that change headers of a page; that change will not be undone when ending output buffering.
If you for instance have a class that generates an image and sets the appropriate headers, they will still be in place after the end of ob.
For instance:
<?php
ob_start();
myClass::renderPng(); //header("Content-Type: image/png"); in here
$pngString = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
?>
will put the image bytes into $pngString, and set the content type to image/png. Though the image will not be sent to the client, the png header is still in place; if you do html output here, the browser will most likely display "image error, cannot be viewed", at least firefox does.
You need to set the correct image type (text/html) manually in this case.
me at haravikk dot com ¶
6 years ago
I think it's worth noting that while you can't call any output functions such as echo or print from within a callback function, you can still send headers (presumably including cookies, haven't checked). Of course this only works in the first callback, like so:
<?php
function myCallback($buffer, $flags) {
if ($flags & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START) {
header('Server: LastMinuteHeaderServer');
}
}
ob_start('myCallback');
echo "Hello World!";
ob_end_flush();
?>
Not the most inspiring example, but in this case the code is able to sneak a last-minute header in before the headers part of the response is sent. This can be handy if you want to avoid replacing header values that are uncertain.
For example if your code may return an image, but you don't want to set content type until you're sure that the image can be sent successfully, you can use the callback to leave the decision right until the very last moment, by which point you're hopefully sure of what's being sent in the HTTP body.
Bitwise ¶
9 years ago
There is no start flag problem. One just has to notice that the second parameter is not a mode but consists of bitwise-OR'ed flags.
<?php
function ob_handler($string, $flags) {
static $input = array();
if ( $flags & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START )
$flags_sent[] = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START";
if ( $flags & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT )
$flags_sent[] = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT";
if ( $flags & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END )
$flags_sent[] = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END";
$input[] = implode(' | ', $flags_sent) . " ($flags): $string<br />";
$output = "$string<br />";
if ( $flags & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END ) {
$output .= '<br />';
foreach($input as $k => $v) $output .= "$k: $v";
}
return $output;
}
ob_start('ob_handler');
echo 'flush';
ob_flush();
echo 'flush 2';
ob_flush();
echo 'clean';
ob_clean();
echo 'flush 3';
ob_flush();
echo 'end flush';
ob_end_flush();
?>
flush
flush 2
flush 3
end flush
0: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START | PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (3): flush
1: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): flush 2
2: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): clean
3: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): flush 3
4: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END (4): end flush
denis at SPAM_WELCOME dot i39 dot ru ¶
11 years ago
This function's behaviour has been changed in php 5.2.0:
<?
global $AP;
$AP = new ap;
ob_start("ob_end");
function ob_end() {
global $AP;
$r = $AP->test();
return $r;
}
class ap {
function test() {
return "debug";
}
}
?>
In older versions it shows: "debug".
But latest php version causes error: PHP Fatal error: Call to a member function test() on a non-object.
And this is not a bug: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=40104
eddie ¶
13 years ago
I use this function for deleting not needed characters within the html code before sending the whole stuff to the browser.
function callback($buffer){
$buffer = str_replace("\n", "", $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace("\t", "", $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(chr(13), "", $buffer);
$buffer = ereg_replace("<!\-\- [\/\ a-zA-Z]* \-\->", "", $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
First str_replace will delete any newlines, second any tabs and the third any carriage return. Finally the regular expression will delete any html-comment which consists of /, space, a-z or A-Z.
Using this saves about 1kb on every pageload.
jkloss at hotmail dot com ¶
14 years ago
If ob_start does not seem to be working for you, note that with Apache 2 the flush() function causes PHP to send headers regardless of whether ob_start had been called before flush.
ob_start();
echo 'test';
flush();
will cause Apache 2 to send whatever headers may be stacked up - which means you can't use a header(location:xxx) after the flush. To fix, remove the flush(). Spent several hours discovering this. Apache 1.x didn't work this way.
Filip Dalge ¶
6 years ago
When a fatal error is thrown, PHP will output the current buffer of Output-Control without postprocessing before printing the error message. If you are working with several output control levels, this might not result in the desired behavior.
You can use an output callback handler to handle this and discard the output.
Therefore, use ob_start("ob_error_handler") in connection with the following:
function ob_error_handler($str) {
$error = error_get_last();
if ($error && $error["type"] == E_USER_ERROR || $error["type"] == E_ERROR) {
return ini_get("error_prepend_string").
"\nFatal error: $error[message] in $error[file] on line $error[line]\n".
ini_get("error_append_string");
}
return $str;
}
Anonymous ¶
7 years ago
In case you're in for some readable representation for flags, this is a variant as a private class member:
<?php
class foo {
private function getFlagsReadable($flags) {
$flagNames = array('PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START', 'PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT', 'PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END');
$readable = '';
foreach($flagNames as $flagName)
if ($flags & constant($flagName) )
$readable .= (strlen($readable) ? ' | ' : '') . $flagName
;
return $readable;
}
}
?>
lucky760 at yahoo dot com ¶
12 years ago
In extension to the compress() function posted below, here's a nifty little class that improves the idea a bit. Basically, running that compress() function for all your CSS for every single page load is clearly far less than optimal, especially since the styles will change only infrequently at the very worst.
With this class you can simply specify an array of your CSS file names and call dump_style(). The contents of each file are saved in compress()'d form in a cache file that is only recreated when the corresponding source CSS changes.
It's intended for PHP5, but will work identically if you just un-OOP everything and possibly define file_put_contents.
Enjoy!
<?php
$CSS_FILES = array(
'_general.css'
);
$css_cache = new CSSCache($CSS_FILES);
$css_cache->dump_style();
//
// class CSSCache
//
class CSSCache {
private $filenames = array();
private $cwd;
public function __construct($i_filename_arr) {
if (!is_array($i_filename_arr))
$i_filename_arr = array($i_filename_arr);
$this->filenames = $i_filename_arr;
$this->cwd = getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
if ($this->style_changed())
$expire = -72000;
else
$expire = 3200;
header('Content-Type: text/css; charset: UTF-8');
header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate');
header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', time() + $expire) . ' GMT');
}
public function dump_style() {
ob_start('ob_gzhandler');
foreach ($this->filenames as $filename)
$this->dump_cache_contents($filename);
ob_end_flush();
}
private function get_cache_name($filename, $wildcard = FALSE) {
$stat = stat($filename);
return $this->cwd . '.' . $filename . '.' .
($wildcard ? '*' : ($stat['size'] . '-' . $stat['mtime'])) . '.cache';
}
private function style_changed() {
foreach ($this->filenames as $filename)
if (!is_file($this->get_cache_name($filename)))
return TRUE;
return FALSE;
}
private function compress($buffer) {
$buffer = preg_replace('!/\*[^*]*\*+([^/][^*]*\*+)*/!', '', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n", "\t", ' '), '', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('{ ', '{', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' }', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('; ', ';', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(', ', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' {', '{', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('} ', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(': ', ':', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ,', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ;', ';', $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
private function dump_cache_contents($filename) {
$current_cache = $this->get_cache_name($filename);
// the cache exists - just dump it
if (is_file($current_cache)) {
include($current_cache);
return;
}
// remove any old, lingering caches for this file
if ($dead_files = glob($this->get_cache_name($filename, TRUE), GLOB_NOESCAPE))
foreach ($dead_files as $dead_file)
unlink($dead_file);
$compressed = $this->compress(file_get_contents($filename));
file_put_contents($current_cache, $compressed);
echo $compressed;
}
}
?>
tracey AT archive DOT org ¶
11 years ago
Way to make all stdout and stderr write to a log
from *inside* a php script.
You simply need to make sure to call elog() every
once in awhile to get output.
It's a nice way to "daemonize" a script w.r.t. its logging.
// This allows us to capture all stdout and stderr (and error_log() calls)
// to this logfile...
// The "collected output" will be flushed anytime "elog()" is used...
ini_set("error_log", "/var/log/script.log");
ob_start();
function elog($str)
{
// get anything written to stdout or stderr that did *NOT* use elog()
// and write it now...
$writeme = ob_get_contents();
if ($writeme)
{
error_log($writeme);
ob_end_clean();
ob_start();
}
// now write message this method was called with
error_log($str);
}
joebezucha at tlen dot pl ¶
11 years ago
Hi, I use those functions for stripping unnecessary chars in my output code...because I have JavaScript placed in outpout code so I don't remove \n\r\t but just replace them with single space (it could cause errors in scripts)
Function stripBufferSkipTextareaTags skips tags Textarea. It's needed to don't loose \n\r when user edit some content...
sorry for my english ;)
<?php
function stripBufferSkipTextareaTags($buffer){
$poz_current = 0;
$poz_end = strlen($buffer)-1;
$result = "";
while ($poz_current < $poz_end){
$t_poz_start = stripos($buffer, "<textarea", $poz_current);
if ($t_poz_start === false){
$buffer_part_2strip = substr($buffer, $poz_current);
$temp = stripBuffer($buffer_part_2strip);
$result .= $temp;
$poz_current = $poz_end;
}
else{
$buffer_part_2strip = substr($buffer, $poz_current, $t_poz_start-$poz_current);
$temp = stripBuffer($buffer_part_2strip);
$result .= $temp;
$t_poz_end = stripos($buffer, "</textarea>", $t_poz_start);
$temp = substr($buffer, $t_poz_start, $t_poz_end-$t_poz_start);
$result .= $temp;
$poz_current = $t_poz_end;
}
}
return $result;
}
function stripBuffer($buffer){
// change new lines and tabs to single spaces
$buffer = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n", "\t"), ' ', $buffer);
// multispaces to single...
$buffer = ereg_replace(" {2,}", ' ',$buffer);
// remove single spaces between tags
$buffer = str_replace("> <", "><", $buffer);
// remove single spaces around
$buffer = str_replace(" ", " ", $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(" ", " ", $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
ob_start("stripBufferSkipTextareaTags");
?>
admin at bobfrank dot org ¶
13 years ago
If you want to run code in the middle of a string that you made, but you want to wait the printing...
(so if you want to allow php in bb-code style, and you want to execute it in order, and print everything in order...)
phpRun($code) {
ob_start();
exec($code);
$output = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $output;
}
$str = str_replace("]\n", "]", $str);
$match = array('#\[php\](.*?)\[\/php\]#se');
$replace = array( phpRun( stripslashes('$1') ) );
$str= preg_replace($match, $replace, $str);
echo $str;
Aleksey ¶
13 years ago
This function dynamically changes title of HTML page:
function change_title($new_title) {
$output = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
$output = preg_replace("/<title>(.*?)<\/title>/", "<title>$new_title</title>", $output);
echo $output;
}
Example:
ob_start();
// ... some output
change_title('NEW TITLE!');
fordiman at gmail dot com ¶
10 years ago
Here's a nifty function I use daily. Essentially: include a PHP file - but render its output to a variable, rather than to the buffer. It's also set up to load the script with a variable set, and automagically loads globals into the script's namespace, making it an effective templating scheme. It also has error handling, so that you're not flying blind when using output buffering.
<?php
$GLOBALS['BufferedErrors']=Array();
function errorParse($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline, $errcontext) {
$errorTypes = Array(
E_ERROR => 'Fatal Error',
E_WARNING => 'Warning',
E_PARSE => 'Parse Error',
E_NOTICE => 'Notice',
E_CORE_ERROR => 'Fatal Core Error',
E_CORE_WARNING => 'Core Warning',
E_COMPILE_ERROR => 'Compilation Error',
E_COMPILE_WARNING => 'Compilation Warning',
E_USER_ERROR => 'Triggered Error',
E_USER_WARNING => 'Triggered Warning',
E_USER_NOTICE => 'Triggered Notice',
E_STRICT => 'Deprecation Notice',
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR => 'Catchable Fatal Error'
);
$ret=(object)Array(
'number'=>$errno,
'message'=>$errstr,
'file'=>$errfile,
'line'=>$errline,
'context'=>$errcontext,
'type'=>$errorTypes[$errno]
);
$GLOBALS['BufferedErrors'][]=$ret;
return false;
}
function parse($fileToInclude, $argumentsToFile=false) {
$bufferedErrorStack = $GLOBALS['BufferedErrors'];
set_error_handler('errorParse', error_reporting());
$GLOBALS['BufferedErrors']=Array();
if (!file_exists($fileToInclude))
return '';
if ($argumentsToFile === false)
$argumentsToFile = Array();
$argumentsToFile = array_merge($GLOBALS, $argumentsToFile);
foreach ($argumentsToFile as $variableName => $variableValue)
$$variableName = $variableValue;
ob_start();
include($fileToInclude);
$ret = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
restore_error_handler();
$errors = $GLOBALS['BufferedErrors'];
$GLOBALS['BufferedErrors'] = $bufferedErrorStack;
if (count($errors)>0) {
$ret.='<ul class="error">';
foreach ($errors as $error)
$ret.=
'<li>'.
'<b>'.$error->type.'</b>: '.
$error->message.
'<blockquote>'.
'<i>file</i>: '.$error->file.'<br />'.
'<i>line</i>: '.$error->line.
'</blockquote>'.
'</li>';
$ret.='</ul>';
}
return $ret;
}
JM ¶
13 years ago
I don't claim to understand this--I would have expected the exact opposite--but it seems that
ob_start() ... ob_end_flush()
can massively improve perfomance, by at least a factor of 10 (admittedly a small number of samples).
I tried this after discovering that I could move a large (100ms) bottleneck in one of my scripts into
echo "<!-- about 40 characters of junk -->";
which clearly shouldn't have taken long to run.
My unfounded theory is that without buffering, the interaction between PHP4.3.4 and Apache is not optimized, whereas with buffering, PHP delivers the entire page at once, which Apache handles better.
I should add that this is under https.
mbutscher at gmx dot de ¶
2 years ago
In case of an error the contents of the output buffer are shown along with the error message. If it is really important that this does never happen, you can do the following (but this also eats up the error message):
<?php
$outputbufferOutput = FALSE;
function switchableOutputHandler($buffer) {
global $outputbufferOutput;
if ($outputbufferOutput)
return $buffer;
else
return "";
}
function internob_start() {
global $outputbufferOutput;
$outputbufferOutput = FALSE;
return ob_start("switchableOutputHandler");
}
function internob_get_clean() {
global $outputbufferOutput;
$outputbufferOutput = TRUE;
$result = ob_get_clean();
$outputbufferOutput = FALSE;
return $result;
}
?>
You can then use internob_start() and internob_get_clean() instead of ob_start() and ob_get_clean(). Other functions can be replaced accordingly.
bty-adminf2 at trebly dot net ¶
3 years ago
This concerns the default values used for ob_start().
Note that I could verify that ob_start() and ob_start(null,0) are not always equivalent.
It seems that with ob_start() the output buffer is open with current default parameters of your configuration if they have been explicitly defined.
So, if you have set $chunk_size to any value previously and send data larger than $chunk_size the data will be automatically flushed by blocks of $chunk_size.
If you explicitely define $chunk_size=0, later, when you will use any function as $my_ob_dataoutput=ob_get_clean(); you will get back the whole content of your output (quite unlimited with $chunk_size=0).
I discover this because my var $my_ob_dataoutput was truncated. Using "ob_get_status (true)" function, I could verify that an error (in a lower level or by default out of my control) was setting previously the $chunk_size of ob at 4096.
I changed "ob_start()" for "ob_start(null,0)" and everything became OK.
jhlavon ¶
5 years ago
When used in constructor part of class it have to be prefixed by "self::" or by classname, else PHP fails to create buffer.
function __construct ()
{
$bo = ob_start ("self::callback_ob") ;
...
}
Anonymous ¶
16 years ago
If you're using Apache (1.3x or 2.0), you might consider adding automatic compression capability to your delivered pages.
I assume you all know how to build compression classes and use them in your programs, but none has yet to offer the speed and robustness of a binary-compiled module. Furthermore, such modules also log the "compressable" hit in the web log file, thus allowing your favorite web anaysing program to show you reports of bandwidth saved.
Having said that, you might consider the following two modules for Apache:
1) Apache 1.3x: use mod_gzip, available from:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-gzip/
2) Apache 2.x: use mod_gz, see here:
http://www.mail-archive.com/dev@httpd.apache.org/msg00734.html
3) Apache 1.3x: you may also want to use mod_defalte, from:
ftp://ftp.lexa.ru/pub/apache-rus/contrib/
Hope it helps.
butch at enterpol dot pl ¶
12 years ago
simple code to make phpsession $_GET nice for Valid XHTML 1.0 Transitional :)
function callback($buffer)
{
$buffer = str_replace("&PHPSESSID", "&PHPSESSID", $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
ob_start("callback");
session_start();
simon ¶
12 years ago
Found that variables in class instances we're not being set after the call to ob_start().
Call ob_start after the variables are set however and it works but that didn't seem to solve the goal of a self contained templating class.
The fix was to assign the class by reference with '&new'
Here is a simplified working example:
<?php
class Buffer {
var $template = ' - template set in class constructor';
function Buffer() {
$this->startBuffer();
}
function startBuffer() {
ob_start(array(&$this, 'doFlush'));
}
function doFlush($buffer) {
/* simple string concat to show use of a
template string and the buffer output */
return $buffer . $this->template;
}
}
/* template does not get set:
$buffer1 = new Buffer();
$buffer1->template = ' - template set in instance';
echo 'some buffer content';
*/
/* this works as expected */
$buffer2 = &new Buffer();
$buffer2->template = ' - template set in instance';
echo 'some buffer content';
clancy hood at gmail dot com ¶
9 years ago
With ob callback: note that the second parameter sent to your method won't help you differentiate between flush calls and calls to ob_clean, but the buffer contents is sent in both cases, so you end up parsing data that isn't going to be used. Also, note that the constant PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START is never actually sent, rather the integer "3" turns up on first flush:
<?php
function ob_handler($string, $flag){
static $input = array();
$done = false;
switch($flag){
case PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START:
$flag_sent = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START ($flag)";
break;
case PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT:
$flag_sent = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT ($flag)";
break;
case PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END:
$done = true;
$flag_sent = "PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END ($flag)";
break;
default:
$flag_sent = "Flag is not a constant ($flag)";
}
$input[] = "$flag_sent: $string<br />";
$output = "$string<br />";
if(!$done) return $output;
// print_r($input, 1) causes an error and var_export just doesn't work
$output .= '<br />';
foreach($input as $k=>$v) $output .= "$k: $v";
return $output;
}
ob_start('ob_handler');
echo 'flush';
ob_flush();
echo 'flush 2';
ob_flush();
echo 'clean';
ob_clean();
echo 'flush 3';
ob_flush();
echo 'end flush';
ob_end_flush();
?>
flush
flush 2
flush 3
end flush
0: Flag is not a constant (3): flush
1: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): flush 2
2: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): clean
3: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CONT (2): flush 3
4: PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END (4): end flush
I suppose the START flag problem *may* be a bug but I'm not able to upgrade before reporting since I must have the same version as my server (I'm on PHP 5.2.6). If anyone has 5.2.11 or other stable version feel free to test/report as you see fit.
cyrille.berliat[no spam]free.fr ¶
13 years ago
If you're trying to use ob_start() in some PHP5 classes (probably works on PHP4 classes), this is the good way :
<?
class HTMLPage
{
//----------------------------------------------------------------- PUBLIC
//----------------------------------------------------- M�thodes publiques
public static function ConvertIntoSGML( $source )
// Mode d'emploi :
//convertit une string en une SGML valide
//
// Renvoie :
//la chaine trait�e
//
// Algorithme :
//analyse char par char de la chaine. Si un caract�re est de nombre ASCII > 127,
//conversion en son code SGML.
{
$newString = '';
for( $i = 0; $i < strlen( $source ) ; $i++ ) {
$o = ord( $source{ $i } );
$newString .= ( ( $o > 127 ) ? '&#'.$o.';': $source{ $i } );
}
return $newString;
}
public function FlushSite( $source )
{
return $this->ConvertIntoSGML ( $source );
}
//-------------------------------------------- Constructeurs - destructeur
function __construct()
// Mode d'emploi (constructeur) :
//initialise la buffurisation
//
// Contrat :
//
{
ob_start( array ( & $this , 'FlushSite' ) );
} //---- Fin du constructeur
//------------------------------------------------------ M�thodes Magiques
//------------------------------------------------------------------ PRIVE
}
// Example :
$webdesign = new HTMLPage ( );
echo 'H�llo world'; // Will produce the source 'héllo world'
?>
Without the & before $this, you'll loose your content because ob_start() will call the flushsite() function from a clone of the object and not the caller object himself.
Note : call_back function must be public because ob_start() is in an extern scope from your class :)
I hope this will help you!
Anonymous ¶
13 years ago
I usually create my pages in four parts - variable initialisation, import header (using the variables just declared to configure), main body (mostly non-PHP), import footer. I wondered about making the main body examinable by another PHP script if the main page was included into it. I found I could control output of the main body by ending the header with an unclosed function which finishes at the start of the footer, thus enclosing the main body. Output buffering can then be used to read this into a variable. As a demonstration of how this can be used to control the order of output look at this example:
<?php
$output = "";
// Callback to process buffered output
function capture($buffer)
{
$GLOBALS['output'] .= $buffer;
return "C ";
}
// Calls the printE() function with output capture
function captureE()
{
ob_start("capture");
printE();
ob_end_flush();
}
?>
A
<?php
// Output 'E' (the main body in the example scenario)
function printE()
{ // (End header after this line) ?>
E
<?php // (Start footer with this line)
}
?>
B
<?php captureE(); ?>
D
<?php print $output; ?>
F
<?php printE(); ?>
G
The output is A B C D E F E G.
For the application I mentioned above there are two points to note:
- The page when executed alone must output its main body but the inspection script should suppress this, perhaps by means of a variable set before the page is included and then checked for in the footer output lines.
- Because the main body is now inside a function it has a different namespace, thus changes may be required to prevent code breaking (e.g. use of globals, handling of functions defined within the main body).
oersoep at gmail dot com ¶
13 years ago
These are handy. First one has been mentioned before.
ob_start( array( 'lib_class', 'parse_output' ) );
ob_start( array( $this, 'parse_output' ) );
Note: $this is NOT a reference. Anything the callback saves or logs disappears in the clone ob_start works with.
It does enable the callback to work with the attributes of $this, like $this->ar_tpl_value or whatever your style is.
The manual says:
"If the optional parameter chunk_size is passed, the callback function is called on every first newline after chunk_size bytes of output. The output_callback parameter may be bypassed by passing a NULL value."
This doesn't work with my 4.3.11. Might be the Zend optimizer though. Daren't turn it off to go see.
rafa dot chacon at factorydea dot com ¶
13 years ago
If you're trying to include a php file inside a loop by require_once (in example, a dinamic email template) and change the value of some variables (in example, url to unsuscribe, different for each user), you should use
<?php
// ... some code
$usermail = array("email1", "email2", ...);
for($i = 0; $i < $MAX; $i++)
{
$usermail_unsuscribe = $usermail[$i];
ob_start();
include("email_template.php");
ob_clean();
}
?>
Otherwise $usermail_unsuscribe will get only "email1" value.
cj at ceejayoz dot com ¶
9 years ago
Note that since PHP 5.1.x, all objects have their destructors called before the output buffer callback function executes. Thus, globalised objects will not be available as expected in the function.
This is stated to be intended behaviour, per http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=40104
aaron at offtone.com ¶
14 years ago
My callback is stored in a function class, and using ob_start ('Class::callback') wasn't working. Not wanting to instantiate the class (no need, it's a function class) I tried this and it worked a charm:
ob_start (array (Class, 'callback'));
PHP 4.3.4
codextasy at gmail dot com ¶
10 years ago
There is a difference between the documentation and real callback functions invocation.
Manual says: "The function will be called when ob_end_flush() is called, or when the output buffer is flushed to the browser at the end of the request."
Actually, the callback function, once set by ob_start(), will be called regardless.
Here are the functions that invoke callback function immediately:
ob_clean
ob_end_clean
ob_end_flush
ob_flush
ob_get_clean
BUT only two of them return the result returned by the callback (ob_end_flush, ob_flush), other functions discard it.
At the end of the request, even if none of the functions listed above is called, the callback will be called anyway, and its result will be returned to the browser (well, at least this is corresponding to the manual).
There is one more trick:
If you set callback function with chunk_size > 1, callback function will be called each time output buffer is equal or exceeds chunk_size and its result will be output to the browser, even if you call any of ob_clean(), ob_end_clean(), ob_get_clean() later, so be aware of this fact.
dale3h ¶
10 years ago
Here's a simple way, using register_shutdown_function, to easily maintain your global output filter:
File: outputfilter.inc.php
<?php
initOutputFilter();
function initOutputFilter() {
ob_start('cbOutputFilter');
register_shutdown_function('ob_end_flush');
}
function cbOutputFilter($output) {
$search = array(
'user@domain.com',
'user2@domain.com',
);
$replace = array(
'<img src="/images/nospam001.jpg" border="0" alt="" />',
'<img src="/images/nospam002.jpg" border="0" alt="" />',
);
return str_replace($search, $replace, $output);
}
?>
Just include it in your global file, or in each file you want to filter.
This one in particular replaces any occurrence of "user@domain.com" or "user2@domain.com" with an image (that contains each email respectively), preventing spam bots from picking it up.
Eamon Straughn eamon at gizzle dot co dot uk ¶
10 years ago
In regards to below. The best thing to do is create an error handler that catches all non-fatal errors prior and during your ob_start.
works for me all the time. and if there is an error you can format the errors in that script it executed in. From my experience i'm quite sure that would be the most logical choice. wouldn't it? Plus your using objects...Please do think before you can code.
Always plan else you'll be working blind. Anyways ob_start wouldn't exit;
Just plan ahead and anticipate. It's just like driving a car.. Happy new year.
Anonymous ¶
11 years ago
As a follow up to my previous post :
(output seems to go to standard ouptput in command line mode even with the use of output buffering (ob_start) )
Setting implicit_flush to false seems to do the trick :
ini_set('implicit_flush',false); // (avoids output even with ob_start, in command line mode)
ob_start();
include (realpath(dirname(__FILE__))."/".$template);
$ret_str.=ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
ini_set('implicit_flush',true);
(See :
Chapter 43. Using PHP from the command line
)
Charlie Farrow ¶
11 years ago
Under certain freak conditions, when an error ocours perfoming an action on an object that cannot be done (either because the object does not exist or the method does not exist) inside of an ob_start() the script will exit and print everything the current function generates before the error, but nothing else, including no error message.
I am at a loss to why no error message appears and am trying to get a working example for the developers that is simpler than my whole program!
So if you are using ob_start() and you get no output, check your objects.... you have made a mistake on them somewhere. The only trouble is you will not know where as there is no error!!
Tobias Goldkamp ¶
11 years ago
I use this to strip unnecessary characters from HTML output:
<?php
function sanitize_output($buffer)
{
$search = array(
'/\>[^\S ]+/s', //strip whitespaces after tags, except space
'/[^\S ]+\</s', //strip whitespaces before tags, except space
'/(\s)+/s' // shorten multiple whitespace sequences
);
$replace = array(
'>',
'<',
'\\1'
);
$buffer = preg_replace($search, $replace, $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
ob_start("sanitize_output");
?>
lucky760 at yahoo dot com ¶
12 years ago
Just for simplicity's sake (and because I had to rewrite it for use at http://www.VideoSift.com anyway), here's a very simplified, pre-PHP5 version. Just add one call to dump_css_cache() for each of your CSS files.
<?php
ob_start('ob_gzhandler');
header('Content-Type: text/css; charset: UTF-8');
header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate');
$expire_offset = 0; // set to a reaonable interval, say 3600 (1 hr)
header('Expires: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', time() + $expire_offset) . ' GMT');
function css_compress($buffer) {
$buffer = preg_replace('!/\*[^*]*\*+([^/][^*]*\*+)*/!', '', $buffer);// remove comments
$buffer = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n", "\t", ' '), '', $buffer);// remove tabs, spaces, newlines, etc.
$buffer = str_replace('{ ', '{', $buffer);// remove unnecessary spaces.
$buffer = str_replace(' }', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('; ', ';', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(', ', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' {', '{', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('} ', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(': ', ':', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ,', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ;', ';', $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
function dump_css_cache($filename) {
$cwd = getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
$stat = stat($filename);
$current_cache = $cwd . '.' . $filename . '.' . $stat['size'] . '-' . $stat['mtime'] . '.cache';
// the cache exists - just dump it
if (is_file($current_cache)) {
include($current_cache);
return;
}
// remove any old, lingering caches for this file
if ($dead_files = glob($cwd . '.' . $filename . '.*.cache', GLOB_NOESCAPE))
foreach ($dead_files as $dead_file)
unlink($dead_file);
if (!function_exists('file_put_contents')) {
function file_put_contents($filename, $contents) {
$handle = fopen($filename, 'w');
fwrite($handle, $contents);
fclose($handle);
}
}
$cache_contents = css_compress(file_get_contents($filename));
file_put_contents($current_cache, $cache_contents);
echo $cache_contents;
}
dump_css_cache('_general.css');
?>
cliff at NOSPAMtravelguides dot com ¶
16 years ago
good article on output buffering on devshed:
http://www.devshed.com/c/a/PHP/Output-Buffering-With-PHP
net_navard at yahoo dot com ¶
12 years ago
Hello firends
ob_start() opens a buffer in which all output is stored. So every time you do an echo, the output of that is added to the buffer. When the script finishes running, or you call ob_flush(), that stored output is sent to the browser (and gzipped first if you use ob_gzhandler, which means it downloads faster).
The most common reason to use ob_start is as a way to collect data that would otherwise be sent to the browser.
These are two usages of ob_start():
1-Well, you have more control over the output. Trivial example: say you want to show the user an error message, but the script has already sent some HTML to the browser. It'll look ugly, with a half-rendered page and then an error message. Using the output buffering functions, you can simply delete the buffer and sebuffer and send only the error message, which means it looks all nice and neat buffer and send
2-The reason output buffering was invented was to create a seamless transfer, from: php engine -> apache -> operating system -> web user
If you make sure each of those use the same buffer size, the system will use less writes, use less system resources and be able to handle more traffic.
With Regards, Hossein
dev at kiwicore dot org ¶
14 years ago
I wanted to do things a very particular way with output buffering and shutdown functions; using register_shutdown_function instead of the built in callback feature of this function. However, one should note that this won't work, because the contents of the buffer are no longer in scope when PHP is calling the shutdown functions. This would have been easy to see EXCEPT that PHP graciously flushes any unsent buffers at the end of the script, or when calling exit. So:
<?php
ob_start();
echo 'hi';
exit;
?>
Prints "hi". In a nutshell, if you want it to have a shutdown function that handles an output buffer, just specify it in ob_start() and let PHP automatically call it at the end of the script.
jds1509 at NOSPAMrit dot edu ¶
13 years ago
This code demonstrates the affect of providing a value to the chunk_size parameter. A value of 1 or 0 will be ignored by php. Here's the Code:
<?
function callback($buffer)
{
return "TRAPPED:".$buffer."<br/>";
}
ob_start("callback",2);
echo "long string, so callback";
echo "X";
echo " - no callback, less than 2 chars";
?>newlines,
but
no
callback
!<?
// PHP block
?>PHP block initiates callback.<?
echo "One more callback at EOF...";
?>
The code above outputs:
TRAPPED:long string, so callback
TRAPPED:X - no callback, less than 2 chars
TRAPPED:newlines, but no callback !
TRAPPED:PHP block initiates callback.
TRAPPED:One more callback at EOF...
TRAPPED:
David Spector ¶
5 years ago
Function ob_start can capture all normal output, assuming no errors occur. Naturally, the programmer will want to know whether errors can also be caught (that is, captured and logged). The answer is that warnings can be caught along with normal output, but that fatal errors and exceptions break the normal buffering and can only be caught separately. Finally, parsing errors cannot be caught at all, because parsing is done in a first pass before execution begins. Of course, even parsing errors can be caught by running PHP in a separate process and capturing the output of that process.
Here is an example that illustrates all these additional details (see also the comment by Philip at set_error_handler function). Those errors that break buffering can be illustrated by uncommenting their lines.
<?php
ob_start(); // Start output buffering
function exception_handler($exc)
{
// Catch thrown exceptions break output buffering
exit("Uncaught exception: ".$exc->getMessage());
} // exception_handler
set_exception_handler('exception_handler');
function shutdown_function()
{
// Catch fatal errors that break output buffering
$error=error_get_last();
if ($error["type"]==E_ERROR)
echo "Uncaught fatal error: ".$error["message"];
} // shutdown_function
register_shutdown_function("shutdown_function");
// Demonstrate normal output
echo 'This is normal output, caught okay';
// Demonstrate a warning
$DivisionByZeroWarningCaughtOkay=3/0;
// Demonstrate a fatal error
//UndefinedFunctionFatalErrorCanBeCaughtSeparately();
// Demonstrate a parsing error
//$x=FatalParse@ErrorCannotBeCapturedAtAll
// Complete capturing normal output
$Out=ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
// Demonstrate a thrown exception
//throw new Exception('Exception Can Be Caught Separately');
echo "All captured output:<p>".$Out;
exit(0);
?>
loksly at gmail dot com ¶
7 years ago
It's easy to add a function that caches the whole page you're going to generate so resources are saved. I wrote it in a file called "cacheable.php", and I included in each file that I want to be cached. It cannot manage files with ob_start inside.
Here is the code:
file "cacheable.php":
----------------------------------
<?php
global $cachefile;
$cachefilename = urlencode($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])."-".md5($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
$cachefile = sys_get_temp_dir ().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$cachefilename.'.cache';
// How long to keep cache file?
$cachetime = 60*5; //5min
// Is cache file still fresh? If so, serve it.
if (file_exists($cachefile) && time() - $cachetime < filemtime($cachefile)) {
readfile($cachefile);
exit;
}
function cacheOutputtoFile()
{
global $cachefile;
$webpage = ob_get_contents();
if ($fp = fopen($cachefile, 'w+'))
{
if (flock($fp, LOCK_EX))
{ // do an exclusive lock
ftruncate($fp, 0); // truncate file
//compress unnecesary spaces
$busca = array('/\>[^\S ]+/s','/[^\S ]+\</s','/(\s)+/s');
$reemplaza = array('>','<','\\1');
$webpage = preg_replace($busca, $reemplaza, $webpage);
fwrite($fp, $webpage);
fclose($fp);
}
}
echo $webpage;
}
ob_start();
register_shutdown_function("cacheOutputtoFile");
//note you must use register_shutdown_function instead of using "cacheOutputtoFile" as parameter of ob_start as socket is already closed when callback function is called, then the client not get the echo $webpage output.
?>
----------------------------------
usage:
<?php
require_once(realpath(dirname(__FILE__).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR."cacheable.php");
?>
----------------------------------
Anonymous ¶
12 years ago
I'm sure some of you more brilliant minds could pare this down some more, but using the method found at fiftyfoureleven.com for compressing, I got my 10090-byte stylesheet down to 3536 bytes and then again down to 2713 bytes, by stripping unecessary characters from the stylesheet. 2 ob_start calls and the CSS file is now 73% smaller. YMMV.
<?php
ob_start("ob_gzhandler");
ob_start("compress");
header("Content-type: text/css; charset: UTF-8");
header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate");
$off = 0; # Set to a reaonable value later, say 3600 (1 hr);
$exp = "Expires: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s", time() + $off) . " GMT";
header($exp);
function compress($buffer) {
$buffer = preg_replace('!/\*[^*]*\*+([^/][^*]*\*+)*/!', '', $buffer); // remove comments
$buffer = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n", "\t", ' ', ' ', ' '), '', $buffer); // remove tabs, spaces, newlines, etc.
$buffer = str_replace('{ ', '{', $buffer); // remove unnecessary spaces.
$buffer = str_replace(' }', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('; ', ';', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(', ', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' {', '{', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace('} ', '}', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(': ', ':', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ,', ',', $buffer);
$buffer = str_replace(' ;', ';', $buffer);
return $buffer;
}
require_once('screen.css');
require_once('layout.css');
require_once('custom.php');
require_once('titles.css');
require_once('bus.css');
?>
FB ¶
13 years ago
I've noticed a bug with MSIE for non cached contents if your page is less than 4096 octets : you have to refresh the page each time to view its content !
Here is the solution to prevent this stupid behaviour of MSIE : just insert this code at the top of your scripts :
function ob_callback($buffer)
{
return $buffer . str_repeat(' ', max(0, 4097 - strlen($buffer)));
}
ob_start('ob_callback');
feedback at realitymedias dot com ¶
12 years ago
PHP Suggests: Some web servers (e.g. Apache) change the working directory of a script when calling the callback function. You can change it back by doing, for example, the following in the callback function: chdir(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']))
The solution provided by PHP, does not function as intended when running PHP as a CGI (on CGI mode (CGI-BUILD (--enable-cgi) and/or CLI)). In such a case, PHP is executed as a CGI-BIN and the web server daemon (e.g. Apache) sees SCRIPT_FILENAME as being the PHPCGI processor, and won't look deeper to find what file the PHPCGI processor is actually running/parsing; therefore the path returned by SCRIPT_FILENAME is wrong (most of the time, containing/ending with "cgi-system/php.cgi").
As SCRIPT_FILENAME is the safest way to proceed, but turns to be wrong in this exact situation; PATH_TRANSLATED is the next safe solution one would turn towards since it is populated with a different mechanism.
It would be correct to develop in the direction if the script filename itself is contained in the SCRIPT_FILENAME path value, then the SCRIPT_FILENAME content is reported correctly. If it is not, using PATH_TRANSLATED is the next logical choice we can use. The best reference in this case would be PHP_SELF as it is populated by PHP itself. Using SCRIPT_NAME as a reference would be an error as it is affected by the same problem (reports cgi-system and/or php.cgi as well).
The following is the revised code and should work on both the non-CGI and the CGI PHP processor types.
<?php
chdir(dirname((strstr($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"], $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"])
? $_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"] : $_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"])));
?>
Or the decomposed code as follows:
<?php
if (strstr($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"], $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"])) {
$reference = $_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"];
} else {
$reference = $_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"];
}
chdir(dirname($reference);
?>
This has been tested on Apache 1 & 2, PHP 4 & 5 and IIS 5.1
brad at wpsites dot net ¶
4 years ago
When creating a shortcode i've seen code which uses the callback function however its not always needed as this example demonstrates:
<?php
function wpsites_comment_form_shortcode() {
ob_start();
comment_form();
$cform = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $cform;
}
?>
robin ¶
9 years ago
When using brame buffer from time to time, you can see this warning
Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent
One of the many reasons may be in bad encoding of document. My experience, the document had header of utf-8 encoding but in fact it was win1252. After reconding to the utf-8 warning has disapeard.
