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Original Release: Columbia KC 32494 Produced by Wayne Shorter and Josef Zawinul
"Mysterious Traveller was another step, somewhere else," Zawinul once said. [RS282] Indeed, it was. With Mysterious Traveller, the transition that began on Sweetnighter was completed. Zawinul summarized Mysterious Traveller for Greg Armbruster of Keyboard magazine:
Was there a temptation to add a guitar player, like other fusion bands of the time? "There is a certain chemistry in the band which would be destroyed by adding another melodic instrument," Zawinul said in 1973. "We would all have to hold back more so as not to get in each other's way. In order to make good music you can't have everybody just burn all the time... you've got to be relating... and the more people you've got, the harder it is to relate. Actually, I just haven't found a guitar player that I'd like to have in my group, if you know what I mean." [RS73] Down Beat writer Tim Logan interviewed Shorter during the recording of Mysterious Traveller, at which point the saxophonist had this to say about the new album: "As I hear it, working on it, it's beginning to mean many more things than the other three [albums]. It's more kaleidoscopic. In many ways, there's more of a tendency to share something in this album, rather than to show something. There's a kind of allness, a spirit of sharing, in this one which includes everybody in the group." [DB74a] As Zawinul alluded to Greg Armbruster, in-home studio technology had developed to the point that he was able to do multi-track improvisations at home. "I'm an improvising musician," Zawinul once said, "so what I play I write down note for note and edit later. The Mysterious Traveller album was the beginning of this." [DB84] In 1978 Zawinul explained his composing technique to Down Beat's Conrad Silvert:
Mysterious Traveller marked the end of co-founder Miroslav Vitous' tenure with the band, a perhaps inevitable result as Zawinul moved the band toward more funky, grooving rhythms. Drummer Greg Errico, a founding member of Sly and the Family Stone who toured with Weather Report after Sweetnighter, explained things this way: "[Miroslav] loved funk, and he tried to play it, but he wasn't a funk player. It wasn't where he came from. He didn't connect up with how to go there. He could listen to it, talk about it, and he admired it, but that's not what came out of him, so that was something that held back where Joe wanted to go at the time I was with them. Melodically and rhythmically, Miroslav was great; what he did do, in terms of where I was coming from, was very unique. Miroslav was still playing acoustic, and it was an odd kind of a funk. It was very... interesting!" [IASW] Replacing Vitous was Alphonso Johnson, who was then part of the Chuck Mangione Group. Johnson explained to Down Beat, "I met Weather Report at a gig that we [the Chuck Mangione Group] and they did together in Philadelphia [Johnson's hometown], the night before we went to London [in October 1973]. Joe Zawinul liked the way I played and when we got back to the States, I flew out to L.A. to audition for the band." [DB74a] After the audition, Johnson was asked to play on Mysterious Traveller and to join the band. "When we hired Alphonso Johnson," Zawinul said in 1978, "it was a great improvement because he could play a lot of different things; he could play funky. Not that we were looking forward to playing all kinds of funky music, but he had that drive, man--that basic kind of feeling where you can groove." [BAM78] "Alphonso Johnson had a lot," Zawinul recalled years later. "He was young, he was bright, he was disciplined and he could lay down a groove that hurt and that's what I wanted." [JR, p. 171-172] "When we first heard Alphonso," Shorter recalled in 1983, "he had a very mature style and we didn't want to touch it, so we wrote it into the music."[BAM83] Not long after Mysterious Traveller was released, Down Beat writer Ray Townley suggested that Mysterious Traveller was "earthier" and warmer than previous albums, and asked Zawinul how he saw the difference in bass players:
With Johnson more than capably filling the bass chair, the remaining problem was the drums. Greg Errico, the former drummer for Sly And The Family Stone, toured with the band after Sweetnighter, but he declined an invitation to sign on as a permanent member. Thus Zawinul and Shorter turned to Ishmael Wilburn, who was recruited by Vitous according to a 1978 article. [BAM78] Until 2000, Wilburn had no other recording credits in the All Music Guide. However, it appears that he remains active in the Philadelphia area music scene. Joining Wilburn on "Nubian Sundance" and "Mysterious Traveller" was a second drummer, Skip Hadden. In addition to playing drums with various jazz ensembles, Hadden is now a professor of percussion at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, and has authored three books on drumming. His web site is http://www.skiphadden.com. While Zawinul had used the synthesizer sparingly on I Sing The Body Electric and Sweetnighter, the instrument played a prominent role on Mysterious Traveller, establishing Zawinul as one of the premier practitioners of the instrument. He his credited with playing synthesizer on four cuts. Curiously, the only brand name that is specifically mentioned on the album's inner sleeve liner notes is EML. Electronic Music Laboratories, Inc. was a small firm in Connecticut that manufactured the line of Electro-Comp synthesizers throughout the 1970s. Based on the liner notes, we must conclude that Zawinul had one of these synthesizers and used it on "Cucumber Slumber." Nevertheless, it was the ARP 2600 that was Zawinul's main synth. He acquired one in 1972--see the I Sing page for information about Zawinul's initial experiences with the 2600--but it was initially relegated to studio use. For the road, Zawinul used a Rhodes electric piano and a Farfisa organ. That changed in 1972 or 1973. "We were doing a New York club gig and he said he's got the synth," recalled Brian Risner, Zawinul's first keyboard technician. "Why doesn't he bring it down and see if we can use it? And that was it. It never went back!" [IASW, p. 236] By 1974 Zawinul owned two 2600s. The initial rationale was to have a back-up in case one broke down, but Zawinul soon had Risner figure out how to connect them together so he could play them both at the same time. He explained how he used the 2600s to Ray Townley of Down Beat magazine:
By "moves," Zawinul was referring to the need to swiftly and accurately change the settings on the 2600s during a live concert performance in order to modify their sound character. This was necessary because the 2600s, like other synthesizers of the time, had no way to save the settings for a particular sound. With the 2600, the sounds were programmed by moving sliders and changing patch cords. The Mini-Moog had a simpler, fixed architecture that relied on knobs. Eventually Alan Howarth, Zawinul's second keyboard technician, modified the 2600s by hard-wiring Zawinul's favorite patches into them--thereby eliminating the need for patch cords--and adding switches to the front panels so Zawinul could change oscillator waveforms with the flick of a switch. [IASW, p. 238] Townley asked Zawinul if he approached the synthesizer mainly as a keyboard or electronic instrument. "I'm not really thinking like that," Zawinul replied. "I don't read books about it because I would get completely confused and it would take me so long. I just find what I want to hear by doing it and coordinating it. Sometimes, if I make a funny move with my left-hand--because out there on the stage everything happens so quickly--and make some sound that I didn't intend, my right-hand will make something out of that other sound. One hand washes the other. As far as melodic concept, I think it has nothing to do with the synthesizer. It's just a matter of certain people having different concepts." [DB75a]
In the ARP endorsement ad pictured above, Zawinul commented:
SIDE ONE 1. NUBIAN SUNDANCE (ZAWINUL)
Zawinul told Jazz Forum magazine, "'Nubian Sundance' is a complete improvisation of mine which I taped at home. Then I took the music from the tape and orchestrated it. So, as a matter of fact, you have an improvisation which was worked over later in such a manner that you never lose this feeling of purity--this remains an inspiration." [JF76] He told journalist Conrad Silvert, "I ain't scared of Beethoven or nobody when it comes to composing. I wrote 'Nubian Sundance' in ten minutes, and it's a smoker--every bassline, every statement was originally improvised." Zawinul went on to describe the piece at length: "It was originally a 22-page score written down from my improvisation. I had just moved to California, and my parents were visiting, so it was a good time to compose. The music isn't about Nubia, really--it's a wedding dance. You can hear the man's voice calling Godinia, and later on she calls him, Accru. And then you hear the people cheering and applauding, that's like a toast, a certain ritual. The moral of the story is that if you meet the right person in your life, you always know from the very beginning." [DB78b] 2. AMERICAN TANGO (ZAWINUL/VITOUS)
"'American Tango' was improvised in the studio," Zawinul told Jazz Forum magazine. "Mirsoslav Vitous had a little background but no melody to go with it. After some time, we began to feel a little frustrated. Now, I remembered a melody I had written long time ago. I added it to Miroslav's background and, in the studio, we improvised on it. This is the origin of 'American Tango.' [JF76] 3. CUCUMBER SLUMBER (ZAWINUL/JOHNSON)
"'Cucumber Slumber' was a jam," Johnson told Zawinul biographer Brian Glasser. "We were recording in a studio in Connecticut, and I just came up with [sings the famous bassline]. All of a sudden, the drummer started playing, and it just took off from there. It was a total improvised jam. I'd have to say it was one of the best tracks for me. Not just because of that bassline--that was a stroke of luck--but when I listen to Wayne and Joe's solos, they're like, the perfect solos. Every note, all the phrasing, is just perfect, and I marvel at that. Even now I listen to that track and I go, 'God, how'd they do that?'" [IASW, p. 164] "I'll let you in on a little secret, Johnson continued. "We kind of knew the three sections we'd done, and we were doing another take of it. At one point, Joe's playing, and I went to what you might call the bridge and I looked over and Joe's headphones had fallen off, so he was still playing the previous section. Then all of a sudden his radar went up and he just shifted gear, and it was brilliant, really amazing. It's still there, if you listen, because when they mixed the record back then, the big thing was quadraphonic sound, so they couldn't lose it." [IASW, p. 164] "Cucumber Slumber" has been extensively sampled by rappers in the late 1980s and 1990s, a practice that often included no remuneration to the original artist. This led to some legal action, which was the subject of a 1992 article by Fred Shuster, which talked about a recent Federal court discussion determined that unless authorization is given by the copyright owner of the original material, the resulting new recording is against the law. In the article, Zawinul said the first responsibility of an artist is to give credit where credit is due:
SIDE TWO 4. MYSTERIOUS TRAVELLER (SHORTER)
In Glasser's book, In A Silent Way, Zawinul says, "This was one of Wayne's tunes, which I arranged. The end of it I more or less put together. We just played the wonderful keyboard line with that rhythm at the beginning, and Wayne is very particular about his writing--everything is written out. We practiced this tune very hard. I felt now when it's happening there should be a little more, so we just carried on and built it up a little bit." [IASW, p. 163] Alphonso Johnson told Glasser, "There were two distinct drummers [on this track], one of whom was Skip Hadden, who played a kind of swing beat against Ishmael Wilburn, who played a straight-ahead rock/funk beat. It was the combination of the two drums that came up with that pattern. It was too complicated to explain to get one drummer to play that way. I think they lucked out because they had the drummers play separate, and when they brought the tracks together it worked perfectly. It wasn't like anybody had planned that pattern." [IASW, p. 163] For "Mysterious Traveller," Zawinul took advantage of Risner's modifications to the ARP 2600s so that he could create a much fuller sound. "What I always liked about them," Zawinul once recalled, "was the way they were coupled together, so that I had six oscillators instead of three. On 'Scarlet Woman,' the melody chords would have been impossible to play without coupling the 2600s and detuning the oscillators." [KB84] "Mysterious Traveller" also appears on the Weather Report compilation album This Is Jazz, Vol. 10 and various artists compilation Meltdown: The Birth of Fusion. 5. BLACKTHORN ROSE (SHORTER)
6. SCARLET WOMAN (JOHNSON/SHORTER/ZAWINUL)
Zawinul described the creation of "Scarlet Woman" in 1976: "'Scarlet Woman' was conceived this way: Al Johnson brought the melody in, the first melody (sings it). That's the only thing he brought in. I put in the harmony, the bridge and I arranged it, and Wayne Shorter played the beautiful solo on it. So we just created it out of this first line. In my mind I could see the Himalayas, the mountain; and the great Welsch writer, Aleister Crowley, he called his wife 'Scarlet Woman.' He was in Tibet a lot, so I felt this kind of atmosphere. I saw people trekking, camels, shepherds, man, I saw the shepherds." [BE76] Another description from a 1978 interview: "The atmosphere of this tune was set in the title. I was reading a book by Aliester Crowley, a famous Welsh mystic, and also a famous mountain climber. He was talking about being in Nepal, up on a mountain cliff in the Himalayas with his wife, whome he called 'the scarlet woman.' We have the cold wind in the beginning to set this atmosphere. Mystic. He called himself 6-6-6, the reincarnation of the devil. He was talking about the fourth dimension and all of this." [BAM78] Alphonso Johnson told Glasser, "'Scarlet Woman' was a song that I wrote, and I'd conceived it totally differently to the way it turned out! Joe, in his infinite wisdom--and Wayne too, actually--he was the one who said a lot of times, when he was with Miles, he would bring in a chart and Miles would just play the intro, and that became a great song. So that's kind of what they did: they took that [sings descending four-note melody], and they eliminated the other three-fourths of my song. I like their version better. I've never even recorded the rest of the song. What they did was perfect." [IASW] 7. JUNGLE BOOK (ZAWINUL)
"Jungle Book" was an improvistation that Zawinul recorded in his home studio. "It's taken over on the record exactly the way I played it at home for the first time!," Zawinul told Jurn Solothurnmann for Jazz Forum. "This is an improvisation which I could never reproduce in that way! Later, I overdubbed various instruments, but the main tape is from hime, with the laughing and crying of my children. I recorded it just with a cassette tape recorder, an improvisation from the first to the last note. It's my favorite piece, not because of structural or suchlike reasons but because it's nearest to this higher energy source!" "The piano was slightly out of tune. You know, my piano is unique, as also is my house, for recordings. It happened in a big room with almost now furniture because we had just moved. While playing, my youngest son always bugged me: he wanted me to read to him from the 'Jungle Book.' I didn't respond and he started crying. Later on, I went to the studio and cleaned out the tape a little bit. And then I made many overdubbings with instruments I play myself: the kalimba, the guitar, the tabla, the sitar and many more." [JF76]
"Electronics can be cold. At high volume levels those nuances of phrasing and texture which have always communicated the essence of jazz, from Armstrong to Parker to Coltrane, tend to blur or disappear altogether. In the beginning Weather Report seemed to be an unusually cold band, programming textures and rhythms from an immense distance, sculpting impressive lines but from solid ice. Mysterious Traveller is different. It's about the triumph of feeling over technology... Mysterious Traveller reintroduces human proportion into the mix and is far and away Weather Report's most complete and perfect statement." --Bob Palmer, Rolling Stone, 166
"Besides being a pair of the finer releases of the year [Shorter's Moto Grosso Feio was paired with Mysterious Traveller for this review], these albums showcase the steady growth of Wayne Shorter into the most authoritative soprano sax force since Coltrane. The amazing thing about Shorter is that he has such an accurate sense of economy. As part of Weather Report, his playing has often been overshadowed by the formidable keyboard presence of Zawinul, yet he, more than anyone else in the unit, is responsible for the band's individual personality... Zawinul seems to be steering Report into a landscape of his own imagination, something that may not ultimately be compatible with Shorter's lyrical abilities. One thing is indisputable: both men show no sign of creative stagnation and, because of this, Weather Report remains one of the most seminal small ensembles of the day." **** --Marv Hohman, Down Beat, November 7, 1974
"From the moment the first track, 'Nubian Sundance,' explodes out of the speakers, it's clear that Weather Report have traveled mysteriously to a country--a whole continent, in fact--which has yet to figure on any map (and it's certainly not Nubia, nor Africa). It is a thrilling land of delicacy, power, color, light, and seemingly unending, unexpected, unsurpassable delights of all shapes and sizes, a land that has eluded all other explorers to this day." --Brian Glasser, In A Silent Way, 2000
Jazz Album of the Year, 39th Down Beat Readers Poll Jazz Group of the Year, 39th Down Beat Readers Poll |
