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• Advance Fee Business Scams - Advice for Americans traveling abroad to conduct business, from the U.S. State Department. What to look out for, common types of scams aimed at businesses or nonprofits, case studies.
• Advance Fee Fraud and Banks - Transcript of a talk on this type of fraud from a banker's perspective. In PDF format.
• 419 Advance Fee Fraud Nigerian Scam - An archive of e-mailed solicitations received, how much the web site owner would have supposedly made by now, which scenarios are used (dead foreigner, chemically treated money, etc.), explanation of how the scam operates, links.
• Advanced Fee Letter Fraud (West African / Nigerian Letters) - Describing how the scheme works, with the victim offered millions in return for allowing the transfer of a much larger sum into his bank account. Accepting reports of new contacts by email, with a toll-free hotline for those who have been directly contacted by Nigerian representatives.
• Avoid Nigerian Advance Fee Fraud - The Minnesota Attorney General's office describes how the scheme works, and tells businesses, nonprofits, and individuals what they can do if they receive an offer through the mail to transfer money out of a foreign country.
• Buddy Weiserman.com - Describing how an intended victim of a Nigerian advance money scam turned the tables on those behind the fraud. Also offering information on the 419 fraud.
• The 419 Coalition - Devoted to fighting the advance money scam, in which victims are offered millions for allowing an even greater sum to be deposited in their bank account, but end up having their accounts drained or being fooled into advancing fictitious taxes, fees or bribes.
• E-Mail Scams: How to Recognize Advance Fee Fraud - The "Nigerian Letter" du jour, interspersed with comments. For the small business owner who might think that just possibly an offer out of the blue for a cut of millions of dollars could be truthful.
• E-mail Tricks from Africa - A collection of "business proposals" from such alleged VIPs as bank directors, government ministers, chieftains, widows of captains of industry, orphans of dictators.
• 419 Fraud - Information regarding the 419 Nigerian advance payment email fraud. Sample letters and contact information for authorities to whom to complain.
• Graeme Caselton: Nigerian 419 scam - An explanation of this fraud and why it is dangerous, a running total of how much he has been offered by these spammers, names of the people with millions to give away, excerpts from several 419 e-mails.
• Greater Things: Nigerian / 419 Scam - Contact via letter, fax, or email offers millions of dollars in compensation for holding even more millions of dollars in your bank account. Details the experience of a businessman fooled by this scam.
• International Investigation Services, Nigeria Division - Describing the Nigerian advance fee scam, with a searchable database of known names used by persons participating in the fraud, along with an archive of the letters and fake documents they use, and a bulletin board.
• Ivory Coast Fraud - About scam letters from the Ivory Coast offering the victim millions of dollars in exchange for helping a refugee transfer money out of the country. The true story of business partners who were fooled. Site includes scans of documents.
• Nigeria Scam Alert - Details on common scams arising out of Nigeria, usually initiated with a fax or email to the victim, and how the offers that sound too good to be true not only are, but can put you in danger or ruin you financially.
• Nigerian Advance Fee Fraud - Detailed information on the fraud scheme, centered largely in Nigeria, where people are offered a share of millions of dollars to help transfer the money to their bank account. From the United States State Department. [PDF format, 1.04M]
• Nigerian advance fee fraud - Pamphlet from the Australian Institute of Criminology. Full text of this 1999 paper online in PDF format, 96K. Press release, abstract, information on ordering the print publication.
• Nigerian Advance Fee or "419" Scam - Profile of one of the longest running scams in the world, and how it works.
• Nigerian Fee Fraud - A collection of e-mail from various supposed African dignitaries offering millions of dollars to perfect strangers. Also correspondence where the intended victim pretends to fall for the scam.
• Nigerian Fraud Email Gallery - An archive of scam letters organized by date received, with names of supposed senders, country where the money is supposed to have originated, and amount, with links to related resources.
• Nigerian Letter Scam - Detailing how the scam works, where victims are contacted by mail, fax, or email with an offer of a share of millions of dollars, to be transferred into their bank account. From the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
• Nigerian Scam - Outlines the basics of this con, mentions variations, gives an example of a typical letter, explains how victims are taken in by this long-running scam. Links to further information.
• Public Awareness Advisory Regarding "4-1-9" or "Advance Fee Fraud" Schemes - U.S. Secret Service explains this type of fraud, often perpetrated by Nigerian nationals. The scheme involves an offer to allow the victim to share in millions of dollars in return for assisting with its transfer out of the country.
• Scam Joke Page - Two co-workers string along 419 (advance fee fraud) scam artists, writing back to them under the name of David Lee Roth, president of a Fortune 1000 financial services company.
• Scam o Rama Presents the Lads from Lagos - Archive of the first 125 attempts at advance fee fraud received by the site authors, a sarcastic FAQ on the scam, law enforcement and news links, and fighting crime with humor.
• The "419" Scam/"Nigerian" Scam - People in academia can be targets of advance fee fraud schemes too. Sample letter, bullet list of common features of a "419" scam, and FAQ. From University of Pennsylvania Computing/Information Security.
• Urgent "Nigeria-419" Scam from South Africa - The sender of the e-mail solicitation claimed to be a South African V.I.P., but it was still the Nigerian 419 scam. E.D. Truitt explains why this con game is dangerous.
• Useful Information on Advance Fee Fraud a.k.a. 419 - Typical 419 come-on letters, and the statement of the Central Bank of Nigeria warning about this fraudulent scheme.
• West African Advanced Fee Fraud - What the West African "419" fraud is, how it works, where victims meet up with the criminals operating this scheme, what residents of the U.K. should do if they receive a 419 letter. From the Metropolitan Police.

• Meet the Nigerian E-Mail Grifters - Interview of a student and his uncle, who have been running an advance fee fraud for years. [Wired] (July 17, 2002)
• E-Mail fraud scheme: Despite warnings, Americans continue to lose millions to Nigerian con artists - Those official-sounding letters from someone in Africa are too good to be true. Article includes quotes from victims. Also, a sidebar article on the columnist's correspondence with a Nigerian man who claimed to need help to transfer millions of dollars to Amsterdam. [Detroit Free Press] (April 19, 2002)
• I crave your distinguished indulgence (and all your cash) - The author describes the mass of offers he has received from African nations, offering him a share of millions, with a description of how the scam works. [Salon] (August 7, 2001)
• '4-1-9' adds up to financial trouble for scam victims - Military personnel have been targeted by con artists who dangle the lure of receiving millions of dollars for doing hardly anything. Senior officers in particular may be attractive to these scammers. [Army News Service] (March 25, 1997)

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