NASA FY06 Budget Request

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
President’s FY 2006 Budget Request

(Budget authority, $ in millions)

FULL COST

Chapter
Number

By Appropriation Account

Initial

Operating

Plan

12/23/04

By Mission Directorate

FY 2005

FY 2006

FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009

FY 2010

By Theme

Science, Aeronautics, and Exploration

9,334.7

9,661.0 10,549.8 11,214.6 12,209.6 12,796.1

SAE SUM-1

Science*

5,527.2

5,476.3

5,960.3

6,503.4

6,853.0

6,797.6

SAE 1

Solar System Exploration

1,858.1

1,900.5

2,347.7

2,831.8

2,998.9

3,066.1

SAE 2

The Universe

1,513.2

1,512.2

1,531.5

1,539.4

1,495.0

1,406.7

SAE 3

Earth-Sun System

2,155.8

2,063.6

2,081.2

2,132.2

2,359.0

2,324.8

SAE 4

Exploration Systems**

2,684.5

3,165.4

3,707.0

3,825.9

4,473.7

5,125.5

SAE 5

Constellation Systems

526.0

1,120.1

1,579.5

1,523.7

1,990.9

2,452.2

SAE 6

Exploration Systems Research and
Technology

722.8

919.2

907.3

989.2

1,050.3

1,078.5

SAE 7

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and
Technology

431.7

319.6

423.5

500.6

614.0

779.0

SAE 8

Human Systems Research and
Technology

1,003.9

806.5

796.7

812.4

818.5

815.8

SAE 9

Aeronautics Research

906.2

852.3

727.6

730.7

727.5

717.6

SAE 10

Aeronautics Technology

906.2

852.3

727.6

730.7

727.5

717.6

SAE 11

Education Programs

216.7

166.9

154.9

154.7

155.4

SAE 12

Education Programs

216.7

166.9

154.9

154.7

155.4

SAE 13

Exploration Capabilities

6,704.4

6,763.0

6,378.6

6,056.7

5,367.1

5,193.8

EC-SUM 1

Space Operations

6,704.4

6,763.0

6,378.6

6,056.7

5,367.1

5,193.8

EC 1

International Space Station

1,676.3

1,856.7

1,835.3

1,790.9

2,152.3

2,375.5

EC 2

Space Shuttle

4,543.0

4,530.6

4,172.4

3,865.7

2,815.1

2,419.2

EC 3

Space and Flight Support

485.1

375.6

370.9

400.0

399.7

399.1

EC 4

Inspector General

31.3

32.4

33.5

34.6

35.2

37.3

IG 1

TOTAL

16,070.4 16,456.3 16,962.0 17,305.9 17,611.9 18,027.1

Year to year increase

2.4%

3.1%

2.0%

1.8%

2.4%

Emergency Hurricane Supplemental

126.0

*Science Mission Directorate reflects the combination of the former Space Science and Earth Science Enterprises.
**Beginning in FY 2006, Exploration Systems moves from Exploration Capabilities to Science, Aeronautics and Exploration. Exploration
Systems Mission Directorate reflects the combination of the former Biological & Physical Research and Exploration Systems Enterprises.

Totals may not add due to rounding.

Table of Contents

TOC 1-2

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

SAE 7-1

Advanced Space Technology
Technology Maturation
Innovative Partnerships
Centennial Challenges

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

SAE 8-1

Advanced Systems and Technology
Nuclear Flight Systems Program

Human Systems Research and Technology

SAE 9-1

Life Support and Habitation
Human Health and Performance
Human Systems Integration

AERONAUTICS RESEARCH

SAE 10-1

Aeronautics Technology

SAE 11-1

Aviation Safety and Security
Airspace Systems
Vehicle Systems

EDUCATION

SAE 12-1

Education Programs

SAE 13-1

Elementary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
E-Education
Informal Education
Minority University Research and Education

Exploration Capabilities

EC SUM-1

SPACE OPERATIONS

EC 1-1

International Space Station

EC 2-1

International Space Station Program

Space Shuttle

EC 3-1

Space Shuttle Program

Space and Flight Support

EC 4-1

Space Communications
Launch Services
Rocket Propulsion Testing
Crew Health and Safety

Inspector General

IG 1-1

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-1

A T I O N A L

E R O N A U T I C S A N D

P A C E

D M I N I S T R A T I O N

FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

The Exploration Vision is Well Under Way .............................................................................. SUM 1-2

Transforming NASA................................................................................................................. SUM 1-3

Making Great Progress............................................................................................................ SUM 1-4

Science Mission Directorate .................................................................................................... SUM 1-5

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate ................................................................................ SUM 1-9

Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate ........................................................................... SUM 1-12

Space Operations Mission Directorate .................................................................................. SUM 1-14

Education............................................................................................................................... SUM 1-17

Institutional Investments ........................................................................................................ SUM 1-19

President’s Management Agenda ......................................................................................... SUM 1-21

Budget Structure.................................................................................................................... SUM 1-23

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-2

The Exploration Vision is Well Under Way

On January 14, 2004, President George W. Bush announced

A Renewed Spirit of Discovery: The

President’s Vision for U.S. Space Exploration

, a new directive for the Nation’s future in space

exploration. The fundamental goal of this directive is “…to advance U.S. scientific, security, and
economic interests through a robust space exploration program.” In issuing it, the President
committed the Nation to a journey of exploration, returning humans to the Moon by the year 2020,
then venturing further into the solar system, ultimately sending humans to Mars and other
destinations. He challenged NASA to establish new and innovative programs to enhance
understanding of the planets, ask new questions, and answer questions as old as humankind.

The

Vision for Space Exploration

, published in February 2004, embodies the strategy and guiding

principles NASA will follow in pursuing the President’s directive. The

Vision

lays out important,

fundamental goals and embodies a strategy of specific milestones that will move NASA and the
Nation forward in the years to come.

The President demonstrated his commitment to the

Vision for Space Exploration

, and Congress

supported this commitment, with full funding for NASA at the budget level requested for FY 2005.
The President reaffirmed this commitment by providing NASA with a 2.4 percent increase for FY
2006 to meet established critical priorities and milestones.

The FY 2006 budget identifies what is needed to continue transforming America’s civil space
program. It preserves the priorities, milestones, and schedules introduced with the

Vision

in the FY

2005 budget, and it supports NASA’s continuing organizational and cultural transformation through
new management organizations and a revised budget structure consistent with the
recommendations of the

President’s Commission on Implementation of the United States Space

Exploration Policy

(Aldridge Commission). The budget for FY 2006 continues to support the

Vision

for Space Exploration

and is reflected in

The New Age of Exploration: NASA’s Direction for 2005

and Beyond

, a new document that outlines NASA’s strategic planning efforts and the Agency’s

commitment to implementing and achieving the

Vision

The New Age of Exploration

also establishes

the new NASA Strategic Objectives that are reflected in the FY 2006 Budget.

The 2006 budget maintains a focus on key exploration priorities and critical milestones informed by
NASA’s science priorities:

First Step—Space Shuttle return to flight and completion of International Space Station assembly.

Flagship Program—Project Constellation (maintain 2008 CEV flight demonstration).

Technology Base—Critical exploration technologies.

Transforming Technologies—Project Prometheus (flight demonstration in a decade).

Robotic Precursors—Lunar missions beginning in 2008 and Mars missions added in 2011.

Shuttle Transition—ISS cargo and crew services via near-term commercial service.

Scientific Breakthroughs—Exploration of the solar system and the universe (e.g., James Webb Space
Telescope to be launched in 2011) and the search for Earth-like planets.

The budget also supports critical national needs and revolutionary technologies in aeronautics,
climate change, and education.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-3

The President’s
Policy Directive

NASA’s response to

The

President’s Vision for U.S.
Space Exploration.

The Aldridge
Commission Report

on how NASA should
proceed with
implementing

The

Vision for Space
Exploration.

NASA’s strategic planning

efforts for pursuing and
fulfilling

The Vision for

Space Exploration.

NASA’s FY 2006
Budget Request

details how

The

Vision for Space
Exploration

and its

related activities will
be funded and
sustained.

Transforming NASA

Guided by NASA’s core values of Safety, the
NASA Family, Excellence, and Integrity, the
Agency is changing to meet the needs the

Vision

. First, NASA is embedding a safety

culture throughout the organization. The
Agency has reduced workforce accident rates
to industrial world-class standards and
implemented an Independent Technical
Authority to guide NASA’s continued
improvement.

NASA is embracing competition. The Agency
is using competitive processes to elicit the best
from industry, academia, and NASA’s Centers.
NASA is seeking innovation from all sources
by casting a broad net worldwide in search of
beneficial partnerships and innovative
solutions to technical and management
challenges.

NASA is enhancing the Agency’s long range
planning processes and improving decision-
making. The Agency’s transformed structure
includes a Strategic Planning Council and a
supporting Office of Advanced Planning and
Integration to enable better long-range
planning, an Operations Council to integrate
NASA’s tactical and operational decisions, and
a revised advisory council to integrate Agency
activities. And, NASA’s 2006 Strategic Plan will
be based on a set of strategic and capability
roadmaps currently being developed by
national teams of external and NASA experts
to ensure that NASA’s activities are aligned
with the

Vision for Space Exploration.

NASA has streamlined the Agency’s corporate
structure by cutting the number of
Headquarters organizations in half. As of
August 2004, NASA has four Mission
Directorates—Exploration Systems, Space
Operations, Science, and Aeronautics
Research—and eight Mission Support Offices,
including the Office of Education and the Office
of Safety and Mission Assurance. And, to
reinvigorate NASA’s Centers, Agency leaders are identifying core competencies and reviewing
possible alternate management structures for NASA’s Centers.

Finally, NASA is building a sound management foundation. NASA scored well on the President’s
Management Agenda initiatives in 2004, especially in developing and implementing new tools to
recruit the next generation of engineers, scientists, and astronauts.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-4

Making Great Progress

NASA’s transformation and journey to achieving the

Vision for Space Exploration

is off to a strong

start. NASA is making final preparations to return the Space Shuttle to flight, and this year NASA
began its fifth year of continuous astronaut presence in space aboard the International Space
Station.

NASA is moving further into the solar system. The Mars rovers,

Spirit

and

Opportunity

, are

exceeding all goals with their unprecedented discoveries and longevity. They found definitive
evidence of water on the Red Planet and continue to gather data more than a year after their
successful landing. The Cassini–Huygens spacecraft entered Saturn’s orbit and sent back breath-
taking images of that planet’s rings and moons. The Genesis mission successfully returned
primordial samples from space. MESSENGER launched to visit and map Mercury while NASA’s
eyes in the sky, including Hubble, Chandra, and Spitzer, continued to amaze the world with images
from the deepest reaches of space. And, with NASA’s international partners, the Agency added to
the constellation of Earth observing satellites that monitor this fragile planet.

NASA also is laying the groundwork for the future. The Agency competitively awarded 118 contracts
for exploration technologies based on an overwhelming response to the call for proposals. NASA
began the Crew Exploration Vehicle competition process, and flight demonstrations are planned for
2008. The Agency is putting the building blocks in place to return astronauts to the Moon, and early
preparations have begun – including system design and technology tests for nuclear power in place
– to ensure that explorers head for Mars and other destinations on schedule.

NASA and the

Vision for Space Exploration

are generating worldwide excitement. Over 17 billion

hits on NASA’s Web site is evidence of public interest in America’s space exploration program.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-5

FY 2006 Budget

$1,900.5M

$1,512.2M

$2,063.6M

$0.0M

$200.0M

$400.0M

$600.0M

$800.0M

$1,000.0M

$1,200.0M

$1,400.0M

$1,600.0M

$1,800.0M

$2,000.0M

Solar System

Exploration

The Universe

Earth-Sun System

Science Mission Directorate

The newly organized Science Mission Directorate (SMD)
engages the Nation’s science community, sponsors scientific
research, and develops and deploys satellites and probes in
collaboration with NASA’s partners around the world to
answer fundamental questions requiring the view from and
into space. SMD seeks to understand the origins, evolution,
and destiny of the universe and to understand the nature of
the strange phenomena that shape it. SMD also seeks to
understand: the nature of life in the universe and what kinds
of life may exist beyond Earth; the solar system, both
scientifically and in preparation for human exploration; and
the Sun and Earth, changes in the Earth-Sun system, and the
consequences of the Earth-Sun relationship for life on Earth.

The Science Mission Directorate also sponsors research that

both enables, and is enabled by, NASA's exploration activities. The SMD portfolio is contributing to
NASA’s achievement of the

Vision for Space Exploration

by striving to:

Understand the history of Mars and the formation of the solar system. By understanding the formation of
diverse terrestrial planets (with atmospheres) in the solar system, researchers learn more about Earth’s
future and the most promising opportunities for habitation beyond our planet. For example, differences in the
impacts of collisional processes on Earth, the Moon, and Mars can provide clues about differences in origin
and evolution of each of these bodies.

Search for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars. SMD pursues multiple research
strategies with the goal of developing effective astronomically-detectable signatures of biological processes.
The study of the Earth-Sun system may help researchers identify atmospheric biosignatures that distinguish
Earth-like (and potentially habitable) planets around nearby stars. An understanding of the origin of life and
the time evolution of the atmosphere on Earth may reveal likely signatures of life on extrasolar planets.

Explore the solar system for scientific purposes while supporting safe robotic and human exploration of
space. For example, large-scale coronal mass ejections from the Sun can cause potentially lethal
consequences for improperly shielded human flight systems, as well as some types of robotic systems.
SMD’s pursuit of interdisciplinary scientific research focus areas will help predict potentially harmful
conditions in space and protect NASA’s robotic and human explorers.

Vision for Space

Exploration

and investigations of the

structures and processes at work in
the universe to studies of Earth,
NASA’s Science Mission Directorate
will continue to build upon its past
successes.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-6

Solar System Exploration Theme

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) Theme seeks to understand
how the solar system formed and evolved, and whether there might
be life in the solar system beyond Earth. This Theme pursues three
simple yet profound questions: Where do we come from? What is
our destiny? Are we alone? These overarching questions lead to
more focused questions about our solar system: How do planets and
their satellites form and how have they evolved over the lifetime of
the solar system? How are the planets alike and how do they differ
and why? What physical and chemical conditions and history must a
planet have in order to be suitable for life? How were the ingredients

for life, water and simple organic substances, brought to the inner terrestrial planets?

Planets and satellites receiving special attention in the SSE Theme include Mars and the Moon. The
Mars program will continue to determine the planet's physical, dynamic, and geological
characteristics. It will also investigate both the variability of the Martian climate in the context of
understanding habitability and whether Mars ever harbored any kind of life. The Lunar program's
main focus will be demonstrating capabilities to conduct sustained research on Mars as well as
deeper and more advanced explorations of the solar system. Discovery and New Frontiers are
competed and peer reviewed programs that give the scientific community the opportunity to
assemble a team and design focused science investigations that complement other science
explorations. Technology investments in propulsion and radioisotope power systems will reduce
mission costs and increase capabilities for exploration and science return. The Research program
provides new scientific understanding and instrumentation that enables the next generation of flight
missions. Deep Space Mission Systems provides capabilities and infrastructures for tracking,
navigation, and data return to Earth to support interplanetary spacecraft missions.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $1,900.5 million, including:

$858 million for Mars and lunar robotic exploration (a 17 percent increase above FY 2005), following up
NASA’s success with the

Spirit

and

Opportunity

rovers with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Science

Laboratory, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the competition for Phoenix, a new mission to look for
complex organic chemicals.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Launch the first New Frontiers mission, to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt in January 2006.

Insert the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter into orbit around Mars and begin science investigations.

Achieve a major MESSENGER Discovery mission milestone with the flyby of Venus (on the way to Mercury).

Return the Stardust Discovery mission science samples to Earth in January 2006.

Launch the Dawn Discovery mission by July 2006.

The Universe Theme

How did the universe begin? How will it end? Does time have a
beginning and an end? The universe is a dynamic, evolving place
governed by cycles of matter and energy. Through the Universe
Theme, NASA seeks to understand these cycles and how they
created the unique conditions that support life. Astronomers search
for answers to these questions by looking far away, towards the
beginning of time, to see galaxies forming, and close to home, in
search of planetary systems around nearby stars.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-7

The Universe suite of operating missions includes three Great Observatories which have helped
astronomers unravel the mysteries of the cosmos: the Hubble Space Telescope, which has literally
rewritten astronomy textbooks since its launch in 1990; the Chandra X-Ray Observatory in 1999,
and the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2003.

In the years to come, new technologies and more powerful instruments will allow the Universe
Theme's Beyond Einstein missions to look deeper into the cosmos, going to the edge of black holes
and nearly to the beginning of time. In the search for origins, scientists will peer one-by-one at
hundreds of Earth’s nearest neighbor stars and inventory their planets, searching for solar systems
resembling this one with a balmy, wet planet like Earth. Researchers do not yet know whether other
similar worlds are common or exceedingly rare, but the journey to discovery has already begun.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $1,512.2 million, including:

$372 million to the James Webb Space Telescope (a 19 percent increase above FY 2005) for a wide array
of detailed flight design and long-lead procurement and flight hardware fabrication efforts.

$56 million for Beyond Einstein (a 33 percent increase above FY 2005) to test and validate theories about
the nature of the universe.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Gravity Probe B science results will become available.

James Webb Space Telescope confirmation to enter development phase.

The Keck Interferometer nulling mode will become available for key project observing.

The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer will be commissioned.

Earth-Sun System Theme

Life on Earth prospers in a climate powered by energy from the Sun
that is moderated by water and carbon cycles and protected from the
harshness of space by Earth's enveloping magnetic field and an
atmosphere. The Earth-Sun System (ESS) Theme is comprised of
research programs to understand how the Earth system is changing,
to probe the connections between the Sun, Earth, and the rest of the
solar system, and to discern the consequences for life on Earth.
Working with the Agency's domestic and international partners, NASA
provides accurate, objective scientific data and analyses to advance

understanding of Earth-Sun system processes and phenomena. This advanced understanding
enables improved prediction and response capabilities for climate, weather, natural hazards, and
even human-induced disasters. NASA is expanding and using its constellation of over 28 Earth-Sun
observing satellites routinely making measurements with over 100 remote sensing instruments.

NASA has defined two strategic objectives within the Earth-Sun System Theme: (1) conduct a
program of research and technology development to advance Earth observation from space,
improve scientific understanding, and demonstrate new technologies with the potential to improve
future operational systems; and (2) explore the Sun's connection to the solar system to understand
the Sun and its effects on Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will
be experienced by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies with the potential to improve
future operational systems.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-9

FY 2006 Budget

$1,120.1M

$919.2M

$319.6M

$806.5M

$0.0M

$200.0M

$400.0M

$600.0M

$800.0M

$1,000.0M

$1,200.0M

$1,400.0M

$1,600.0M

$1,800.0M

$2,000.0M

Constellation

Systems

Exploration

Systems

Research and

Technology

Prometheus

Nuclear Systems

and Technology

Human Systems

Research and

Technology

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

requirements and the critical human system requirements necessary for human exploration of the
solar system to ensure safety,
sustainability, and exploration
crew effectiveness.

The Exploration Systems
Mission Directorate consists of
four Themes that will function
cooperatively to enable
exploration and scientific
discovery: Exploration Systems
Research and Technology;
Human System Research and
Technology; Constellation
Systems; and Prometheus
Nuclear Systems and
Technology.

Constellation Systems Theme

Through the Constellation Systems Theme, NASA will develop,
demonstrate, and deploy the collection of systems that will enable
sustained human and robotic exploration of the Moon, Mars, and
beyond. These include the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) for the
transport and support of human crews traveling to destinations
beyond low Earth orbit, as well as launch vehicles for transport of the
CEV and cargo to low Earth orbit, and any ground or in-space support
infrastructure for communications and operations.

These systems, collectively known as the “System of Systems,” will

be developed in a “spiral” approach in which early prototypes are used to demonstrate capabilities,
validate technologies, and mitigate risk, all along an evolutionary path toward a mature design. The
first spiral development planned for Constellation Systems will provide the capability to deliver
humans to orbit in a CEV by 2014. The second spiral will deliver humans to the lunar surface by
2020, followed by the third spiral that will enable extended visits on the lunar surface. As spiral
development evolves, System of Systems elements will grow to include in-space support systems,
destination surface systems, and additional human support systems.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $1,120.1 million, including:

$753 million for the Crew Exploration Vehicle, America’s future workhorse for safe and affordable human
exploration, with resources to pursue a timely flight demonstration in 2008.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-10

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

System Requirements Review of the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program.

Begin the Concept Development and Preliminary Design phase of the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)
program.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme

The Exploration Systems Research and Technology (ESR&T) Theme
represents NASA’s commitment to investing in the technologies and
capabilities that will make the national

Vision for Space Exploration

possible. Solar system exploration will benefit all of NASA and will be the
primary focus of this Theme’s activities, demanding a robust, ongoing
commitment to innovation. Through such a focused research and
development effort, the Theme will develop technologies that can be
integrated into different spirals and different missions at appropriate times.
The ESR&T Theme is working closely with other government agencies,
industry, academia, and other partners to leverage common requirements

and identify innovative ideas.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $919.2 million (a 27 percent increase above FY 2005), including:

Funding for the Advanced Space Technology and Technology Maturation programs to continue
competitively awarded innovative technology development contracts to NASA Centers, industry, and
academia.

An increase of $34 million for a newly restructured Technology Transfer Partnerships project to improve
NASA’s ability to both spin-out and spin-in new technologies.

$34 million for the Centennial Challenges program.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Assess and address critical in-house capabilities and technology gaps.

Issue a Broad Agency Announcement to fill critical technology gaps for development of the Crew Exploration
Vehicle (Spiral 1) and the first human lunar landing missions (Spiral 2).

Complete Phase I of Advanced Space Technology and Technology Maturation projects and initial validation
of new concepts and technologies.

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology Theme

exploration missions over the past 40 years, as evidenced by the Galileo and Cassini spacecraft.

The development of more sophisticated, more capable (i.e., heavier) spacecraft, and the potential
need for more robust power systems on the surface of the Moon or Mars, may require the
development of the more powerful and efficient capability provided by nuclear fission. In
cooperation with the Department of Energy, NASA’s current research and development effort is
focused on the first demonstration of a space-based nuclear reactor.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-11

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $319.6 million, including:

Funding to support the initial development of a first-ever demonstration of space-based nuclear power.

Funding to support research and development for technologies such as advanced materials, advanced
power conversion, and advanced propulsion systems that will be applicable to future missions relevant to
both the science and exploration goals of the

Vision

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Conduct the "NASA Dialogue on Nuclear Energy for Space Exploration" to understand public concerns and
engage diverse stakeholders in discussions on the need and uses of these technologies.

Conduct advanced research and development and conceptual studies for follow-on and second-generation
missions and applications.

Following completion of the Prometheus Analysis of Alternatives, initiate preliminary design of a nuclear
demonstration mission.

Conduct technology development of structures, systems, and components for an initial nuclear technology
demonstration.

Human Systems Research and Technology Theme

The Human Systems Research and Technology (HSR&T) Theme is
new to ESMD and is comprised of several initiatives formerly in the
Biological and Physical Research Enterprise (BPRE). The programs of
BPRE have been transformed from a discipline focus on biological and
physical research to a requirements-driven, product-delivery focus. The
Theme now focuses on ensuring the health, safety, and security of
humans throughout the course of solar system exploration. Programs
within this Theme advance knowledge and technology critical for
supporting long-term human survival and performance during

operations beyond low Earth orbit, with a focus on improving medical care and human health
maintenance.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $806.5 million, including:

Funding for three new programs that better align former research activities with present needs and improve
NASA’s ability to achieve the goals identified in the

Vision

. By transforming the BPRE organization and

adopting a requirements-based philosophy in the redirection of its programs, NASA will be able to reprioritize
International Space Station research and realize efficiencies in its investments by focusing them on
technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar system. Such efficiencies allow NASA to adjust
the investment profile for HSR&T and still return significant benefits to the space program.

The Life Support and Habitation program conducts research and develops technology for life support and
other critical systems for spacecraft operations.

The Human Health and Performance program delivers research on questions about human biology and
physiology relevant to the human exploration of the solar system, and delivers technology to help maintain or
improve human health in the space environment.

The Human Systems Integration program focuses on optimizing human-machine interaction in the operation
of spacecraft systems.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Complete the technology trade studies for both the in-space and surface extra-vehicular activity (EVA) suits.

Revise and update standards for human cognition, human performance, assessment, and human interfaces.

Complete study and deliver report on lunar radiation protection requirements.

Early completion of the renal stone countermeasure development project.

Begin testing of bone and cardiovascular countermeasures in space.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-12

FY 2006 Budget

$852.3M

$0.0M

$200.0M

$400.0M

$600.0M

$800.0M

$1,000.0M

$1,200.0M

$1,400.0M

$1,600.0M

$1,800.0M

$2,000.0M

Aeronautics

Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate

Over the last century, aviation has evolved into an integral
part of our economy, a cornerstone of national defense, and
an essential component of everyday life. Aviation generates
more than $1 trillion in economic activity in the United States
every year. Americans rely on aviation not just for
transportation, but for recreation as well. The ability of
aviation to offer safe, affordable, fast, predictable movement
of goods and people has fueled the industry’s growth. But,
just as the Nation has become more dependent on faster and

more efficient air travel, important challenges have emerged: the need to reduce the fatal accident
rate; the need to enhance post-9/11 air travel safety and security; the need to reduce air and noise
pollution that restrict the number and type of aircraft operating in certain areas; and the need to
improve the efficiency/capacity of the air traffic and airport systems.

The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) supports NASA’s mission to understand and
protect Earth by playing a key role in the technology developments needed to resolve the challenges
faced by the aeronautics community and create a safer, more secure, environmentally friendly, and
efficient national aviation system. Research
areas include: advanced propulsion
technologies using hydrogen fuel; airframe
and propulsion technologies for noise
reduction; lightweight, high-strength
structures; modern decision support tools;
revolutionary display and control systems;
adverse weather countermeasures; adaptive
controls; and advanced vehicle designs. In
collaboration with the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), NASA conducts
research in air traffic management
technologies for new automation tools and
concepts operations. In collaboration with
the Department of Homeland Security, NASA
conducts similar research to improve the
security of the National Airspace System.

Aeronautics Technology Theme

The Aeronautics Technology Theme (AT) serves the Nation by
developing technologies to improve aircraft and air transportation
system safety, security, and performance; reduce aircraft noise and
emissions; and increase the capacity and efficiency of the National
Airspace System. AT also conducts research that will enable the use
of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for revolutionary Earth and space
science missions.

AT partners with other government agencies, academia, and industry
to enhance research efforts and to ensure effective development and

transfer of new technologies. As part of a national effort, NASA and the FAA Joint Planning and
Development Office have developed an integrated plan for the Next Generation Air Transportation
System that will transform America's air transportation network by 2025.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-13

AT consists of three integrated programs: the Aviation Safety and Security program mitigates
actions that would cause damage or loss of life; the Airspace Systems program enables
revolutionary improvements to the National Airspace System; and the Vehicle Systems program,
which has been restructured to emphasize breakthrough technologies and demonstrations, works to
reduce aircraft noise, support development of zero-emissions aircraft, and develop UAVs for Earth
and space science missions.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Develop a modeling and simulation capability for National Airspace Systems.

Develop strategic management tools for National Airspace System.

Develop wake vortex operation procedures/standards to safely increase the terminal area capacity, and
allow reduced separation standards for wake vortex avoidance considerations.

Demonstrate prototype Distributed National Archives for Flight Operations Quality Assurance and Aviation
Safety Action Program (ASAP) data with participation of multiple airlines

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $852.3 million, including:

$193 million for Aviation Safety and Security (a four percent increase above FY 2005) to decrease aviation
accident and fatality rates.

$200 million for Airspace Systems (a 32 percent increase above FY 2005) to provide technologies that can
dramatically increase the capacity and mobility of the Nation’s air transportation system.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-14

FY 2006 Budget

$1,856.7M

$4,530.6M

$375.6M

$0.0M

$500.0M

$1,000.0M

$1,500.0M

$2,000.0M

$2,500.0M

$3,000.0M

$3,500.0M

$4,000.0M

$4,500.0M

$5,000.0M

International Space

Station

Space Shuttle

Space and Flight

Support

Space Operations Mission Directorate

The Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD)
programs ensure that NASA’s human and robotic explorers
have reliable, safe, and affordable access to space while
creating new exploration and research opportunities through
the extension of human presence in space. The SOMD
enables NASA to achieve its goals by providing:
transportation systems like the Space Shuttle; operational
research facilities in space like the International Space

Station (ISS); and space
communications systems and its
supporting infrastructure. The SOMD
also provides the unique human
system necessary to open the space
frontier as broadly as possible.

International Space Station Theme

The International Space Station Theme supports the construction and
operation of a research facility in low Earth orbit as one of the first
steps toward achieving the

Vision for Space Exploration

. The ISS

provides a unique, continuously operating research facility in which
researchers can develop and test medical countermeasures and
engineering solutions for long-term human space travel while
providing ongoing practical experience in living and working in space.
The ISS Theme also supports a variety of pure and applied research
for the United States and its international partners.

ISS assembly will be completed by the end of the decade. NASA is

examining configurations for the ISS that meets the needs of both the Vision for Space Exploration
and Agency’s international partners using as few Space Shuttle flights as possible. A key element of
the ISS program is the crew and cargo services project, which will purchase services for cargo and
crew transport using existing and emerging capabilities.

V E R AL L

U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $1,856.7 million, including:

$1,697 million (a seven percent increase above FY 2005) for continuous on-orbit operations and assembly
after the Shuttle return to flight;

$ 160 million for the acquisition of cargo and crew services for the acquisition of cargo and crew services to
support the ISS.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-15

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Reestablish on-orbit crew of three as early as Shuttle flight ULF1.1.

Select commercial transportation service provider(s).

Resume assembly of ISS.

Maintain on-orbit operations.

Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is currently the only launch capability owned by
the United States that enables human access to space, and it is
currently the only vehicle that can support assembly of the ISS.
NASA will phase-out the Space Shuttle in 2010 when its role in ISS
assembly is complete.

V E R AL L B U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $4,530.6 million. This budget will enable:

Five Space Shuttle flights to the International Space Station to continue assemble.

Planning for the phase-out of the Space Shuttle program in 2010, after nearly 30 years of service.

AJ O R

C T I V I T I E S

L A N N E D F O R

FY 2006:

Ensure the proper technical integration of all Space Shuttle elements.

Safely fly planned Space Shuttle manifest.

Initiate early actions for an orderly phase-out of the Space Shuttle program.

Space and Flight Support

This Space and Flight Support Theme encompasses Space
Communications, Launch Services, Rocket Propulsion Testing, and
Crew Health and Safety. Space Communications consists of: (1) the
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), which supports
activities such as the Space Shuttle, ISS, Expendable Launch Vehicles,
and research aircraft; and (2) the NASA Integrated Services Network,
which provides telecommunications services at facilities, like flight
support networks, mission control centers, and science facilities, and
administrative communications networks for NASA Centers. The
Launch Services program focuses on meeting the Agency’s launch and
payload processing requirements by assuring safe and cost-effective
access to space via the Space Shuttle and expendable launch vehicles.
The Rocket Propulsion Testing program supports a core of highly
trained rocket test and engineering crews and test facilities. Finally, the

Crew Health and Safety program provides oversight and accountability for the overall health and
safety of NASA's astronaut corps.

V E R AL L B U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $375.6 million. The budget includes:

$69 million for Rocket Propulsion Testing (a five percent increase above FY 2005).

$9 million for Crew Health and Safety (a 25 percent increase above FY 2005).

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-17

Education

To develop the next generation of explorers, NASA must
inspire and motivate students to pursue careers in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics. NASA’s mission
to understand and explore depends upon educated,
motivated people with the ingenuity to invent tools and solve
problems and with the courage to always ask the next
question. It is not enough to depend on the excitement
generated by images of NASA’s achievements in space and
on Earth; NASA must capitalize on that interest to provide
meaningful education programs that will benefit the Agency

and the Nation. To meet this challenge, education is a core part of NASA’s mission, and education
programs are an integral part of every major NASA activity.

NASA is working to ensure a pipeline of highly
trained people prepared to meet mission
requirements within NASA, as well as in
industry and academia by: motivating students
to pursue careers in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics; providing
educators with unique teaching tools and
compelling teaching experiences; ensuring that
public resources are invested wisely; and fully
engaging minority and under-represented
students, educators, and researchers in
NASA’s education programs. The Office of
Education will strive to reach, connect with,
excite and inspire today’s youth—the next
generation of scientists, inventors, technicians,
and explorers.

Education Programs

The Education Programs Theme will provide unique teaching and
learning experiences through the Agency’s research and flight
missions. Students and educators will work with NASA and university
scientists using real data to study Earth, explore Mars, and conduct
scientific investigations. They will work with NASA engineers to learn
what it takes to develop technological breakthroughs required to
reach the farthest regions of the solar system and to live and work in
space. To ensure diversity in NASA’s future workforce, Office of
Education programs will continue to pay particular attention to under-
represented groups of students at all grade levels and economic

levels. And, NASA Education programs will increase support to the Nation’s universities providing
challenging research and internship opportunities for qualified students, as well as a roadmap for
students seeking NASA careers.

FY 2006 Budget

$166.9M

$0.0M

$50.0M

$100.0M

$150.0M

$200.0M

$250.0M

$300.0M

$350.0M

$400.0M

$450.0M

$500.0M

Education

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-18

V E R AL L B U D G E T

The FY 2006 request is $166.9 million:

$28.4 million is requested for the Elementary and Secondary Education program to make available NASA-
unique strategies, tools, content and resources supporting the K-12 education community's efforts that
increase student interest and academic achievement in the science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) disciplines.

$39.4 million is requested for the Higher Education program to attract and prepare students for NASA-
related careers and to enhance the research competitiveness of the Nation’s colleges and universities by
providing opportunities for faculty and university-based research.

$10.1 million is requested for the e-Education program to develop and deploy technology applications,
products, services, and infrastructure that enhance the educational process for formal and informal
education.

$2.8 million is requested for the Informal Education program to bolster the informal education community
efforts to inspire the next generation of explorers and enhance their capacity to engage in STEM education.

$86.1 million is requested for the Minority University Research and Education program to prepare under-
represented and under-served students for NASA-related careers, and to enhance the research
competitiveness of minority-serving institutions by providing opportunities for faculty and university- and
college-based research.

Additional education-related funding is managed by NASA’s Mission Directorates in coordination with the
Office of Education.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-19

Institutional Investments

As a function of full cost management, the following institutional investments are included in the
preceding Mission Directorate budgets as either direct program charges or as Center or Corporate
General and Administrative (G&A) charges. These areas are included in the summary below to
document the resources provided for these activities.

Center G&A

Center G&A costs include Center security, ground maintenance, fire protection, business computing,
public affairs, institutional construction of facilities, human resources, procurement, budgeting, etc.
FY 2006 highlights include:

Investing $1.5 billion in the critical Center infrastructure required to support the

Vision for Space Exploration

Center

FY 2006

($ in millions)

Ames Research Center

191

Dryden Flight Research Center

Glenn Research Center

161

Goddard Space Flight Center

214

Johnson Space Center

207

Kennedy Space Center

232

Langley Research Center

195

Marshall Space Flight Center

226

Stennis Space Center

Total, Center G&A

1,505

Corporate G&A

Corporate G&A costs include Headquarters operations and Agency-wide functions. FY 2006
highlights include:

$882 million total for FY 2006, as shown in the table below.

$77 million for the Integrated Financial Management Program (IFMP) to continue improvement of NASA
financial systems.

$70 million for the Chief Information Office to provide tools and systems for efficient operations.

$79 million for the NASA Engineering and Safety Center providing independent expertise to NASA’s
programs.

$69 million for Environmental Compliance and Restoration supporting NASA’s stewardship of government
property.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-20

Corporate G&A

FY 2006

($ in millions)

Headquarters Corporate Activities

373

NASA Engineering and Safety Center

Corporate IFMP/HQ IFM

Chief Information Officer

Environmental Compliance and Restoration

Chief Engineer

Safety and Mission Assurance

Agency Operations

Independent Verification and Validation Facility

Advanced Planning and Integration

Center-Based Corporate G&A

Corporate CoF

Security Management

Chief Health and Medical Officer

Total, Corporate G&A

882

O R K F O R C E

FY 2006 highlights include:

$2.390 billion for salaries and benefits and $74.9 million for travel for 18,798 full time equivalent personnel.
Salaries are included in G&A or program direct costs as appropriate.

O N S T R U C T I O N O F

AC I L I T I E S

FY 2006 highlights include:

$292.7 million for Construction of Facilities (CoF);

$110.8 million for program direct CoF, carried in program budgets;

$172.9 million for non-programmatic CoF, carried within Center G&A; and

$9.0 million for a Facility Demolition initiative, carried within Corporate G&A, to remove unused buildings at
the NASA field Centers.

N V I R O N M E N T AL

O M P L I AN C E AN D

E S T O R AT I O N

FY 2006 highlights include:

$69.1 million for environmental compliance, including $9.2 million for Plum Brook cleanup.

Effective this fiscal year, Environmental Compliance and Restoration was transferred to Corporate G&A.

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-21

President’s Management Agenda

In 2004, Office of Personnel Management Director Kay Coles James and Office of Management and
Budget Deputy Director Clay Johnson, III, honored NASA as the first Federal agency to achieve the
highest standards of excellence (“Green”) in two of the original five government-wide President's
Management Agenda (PMA) initiatives: (1) Strategic Management of Human Capital, and (2) Budget
and Performance Integration. NASA also achieved “Green” in the PMA initiative of e-government.
And, in December 2004, NASA was awarded a President’s Quality Award in a third initiative,
Competitive Sourcing. NASA's goal is to achieve “Green” ratings in all five PMA initiatives within
three to four years. Like several other agencies, NASA also is working toward improvement in a new
PMA initiative, Federal Real Property Management.

NASA’s President’s Management Agenda Scorecard (December 31, 2004)

Human Capital

NASA has implemented a human capital plan, established an accountability system to track the
associated results, and demonstrated the ability to make distinctions in employee performance using
a comprehensive awards system. NASA also has received Office of Personnel Management
provisional certification in 2004 for its Senior Executive Service and SL/ST performance appraisal
system.

Competitive Sourcing

NASA has a competitive sourcing plan and has announced two standard competitions involving
more than 230 positions. Science competitions are an integral part of this plan enabling NASA
scientists to compete against those in academia, industry, and other government agencies for
research opportunities.

Financial Performance

NASA continues to face significant challenges in improving the quality of the Agency’s financial
reporting; however, NASA has an aggressive action plan and timetable to correct deficiencies. In
2003, NASA implemented the Core Financial Module of the Integrated Financial Management
Program (IFMP) to standardize financial data and processes across Headquarters and the 10 NASA
Centers. IFMP replaced 140 disparate legacy financial systems. Data reconciliation issues due to
the conversion from the old to the new systems, however, presented challenges in preparing
NASA’s FY 2003 and FY 2004 financial statements.

Human
Capital

Competitive

Sourcing

Financial

Performance

E-

Government

Budget and

Performance

Integration

Federal Real

Property

Management

Status*

Progress

NASA FY 2006 Budget Request Summary

SUM 1-23

Science, Aeronautics & Exploration

SPACE SCIENCE

Solar System Exploration
Mars Exploration
Lunar Exploration
Astronomical Search for Origins
Structure and Evolution of the Universe
Sun-Earth Connection

EARTH SCIENCE

Earth System Science
Earth Science Applications

BIOLOGICAL & PHYSICAL RESEARCH

Biological Science Research
Physical Science Research
Research Partnerships & Flight Support

AERONAUTICS

Aeronautics Technology

EDUCATION

Education Programs

Exploration Capabilities

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

Transportation Systems
Human and Robotic Technology

SPACE FLIGHT

International Space Station
Space Shuttle
Space and Flight Support

Inspector General

FY 2005 - 7 Enterprises, 18 Themes

Science, Aeronautics & Exploration

SCIENCE

Solar System Exploration
The Universe
Earth-Sun System

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

Constellation Systems
Exploration Systems Research & Tech
Prometheus Nuclear Systems & Tech
Human Systems Research & Tech

AERONAUTICS RESEARCH

Aeronautics Technology

EDUCATION

Education Programs

Exploration Capabilities

SPACE OPERATIONS

International Space Station
Space Shuttle
Space & Flight Support

Inspector General

FY 2006 - 4 Directorates, 12 Themes

Budget Structure

NASA’s budget is aggregated under three appropriation accounts: (1) Science, Aeronautics, and
Exploration; (2) Exploration Capabilities; and (3) Inspector General. Under the first two accounts,
the budget is organized according to Mission Directorates, NASA’s primary areas of activity, and
Themes, programmatic subdivisions of Mission Directorates that function as program “investment
portfolios.”

In response to the

Vision for Space Exploration

, supported by recommendations from the Aldridge

Commission, NASA streamlined its budget structure from seven Enterprises with 18 Themes to four
Mission Directorates and 12 Themes that align the Agency’s resources with the

Vision for Space

Exploration

while allowing for the flexibility NASA needs as it proceeds with the Agency’s

transformation. The new structure consolidates the Science Themes and more clearly delineates the
Exploration Systems Themes. The Aeronautics activities are clearly defined as research, and the
new structure continues to clearly identify NASA’s Education activities.

Comparison of NASA’s FY 2005 and FY 2006 Budget Structures

Appropriation Summary:

Science, Aeronautics and Exploration

SAE SUM-1

Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

9/28/04

Operating Plan

FY 2005

12/23/04

Operating Plan

FY 2006

Budget

Request

SCIENCE 5,599.8

5,527.2 5,476.3

Solar System Exploration

1,909.5

1,858.1 1,900.5

The Universe

1,351.7

1,513.2 1,512.2

Earth-Sun System

2,338.6

2,155.8 2,063.6

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS 2,573.7

2,684.6 3,165.4

Constellation Systems

911.5

526.5 1,120.1

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

676.6

695.6 919.2

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

0.0

431.7 319.6

Human Systems Research and Technology

985.6

1,030.8 806.5

AERONAUTICS RESEARCH 1,056.8

906.2 852.3

Aeronautics Technology

1,056.8

906.2 852.3

EDUCATION

230.4

216.7 166.9

Education Programs

230.4

216.7 166.9

TOTAL APPROPRIATION

9,460.7

9,334.7 9,661.0

Mission Directorate:

Science

SAE

1-2

Table 1: Crosswalk between old and new NASA Science organizations

Previous Science Enterprises and Themes

Science Mission Directorate

Space Science Enterprise

Solar System Exploration

Mars Exploration

Lunar Exploration

Solar System Exploration Theme

Astronomical Search for Origins

Structure and Evolution of the Universe

The Universe Theme

Sun-Earth Connections

Earth Science Enterprise

Earth System Science

Earth Science Applications

Earth-Sun System Theme

The Science Mission Directorate also is an integral component of the Vision for Space Exploration
through its sponsorship of research that both enables, and is enabled by, NASA's exploration
activities. The SMD portfolio contributes to realization of the Vision by striving to:

Understand the history of Mars and the formation our solar system.

By understanding the formation of diverse

terrestrial planets (with atmospheres) in the solar system, researchers learn more about the Earth’s future and
the most promising opportunities for habitation beyond our planet. For example, differences in the impacts of
collisional processes on Earth, the Moon, and Mars can provide clues about differences in origin and evolution
of each of these bodies.

Search for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars

. SMD pursues multiple research

strategies with the goal of developing effective astronomically detectable signatures of biological processes.
The study of the Earth-Sun system may help researchers identify atmospheric biosignatures that distinguish
Earth-like (and potentially habitable) planets around nearby stars. An understanding of the origin of life and the
time evolution of the atmosphere on Earth may reveal likely signatures of life on extrasolar planets.

Explore the solar system for scientific purposes and to support human exploration

. In order to support safe

human travel and, ultimately, a sustained presence by both robots and humans, SMD is establishing
interdisciplinary scientific research focus areas to develop diagnostic and predictive methods and models for
assessing the conditions of the interplanetary medium. For example, large-scale coronal mass ejections from
the Sun can cause potentially lethal consequences for improperly shielded human flight systems, as well as
some types of robotic systems.

In recent years, NASA science missions and research have returned spectacular and important
results. Space observations have played a central role in these fascinating discoveries. From its
activities directly supporting the Vision, to its investigations of the structures and processes at work
in the universe, to studies of Earth, NASA’s Science Mission Directorate expects to continue to build
upon its past successes.

FY 2004 Accomplishments

On June 30 2004, Cassini and the Huygens probe successfully became the first spacecraft to orbit
Saturn. That ride into Saturn's orbit brought Cassini closer to the rings than it will ever be again and
resulted in the most detailed pictures of the rings ever seen. The sounds of Cassini's trip through
the rings were recorded by the spacecraft's radio and plasma wave science instrument. Cassini's
first very close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan occurred on October 26, 2004, and produced an
impressively detailed view of this mysterious moon.

Mission Directorate:

Science

SAE

1-3

Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars successfully and continue to provide amazing science data
and images to the science community and the public. For calendar year 2004, Spirit, which landed
on Mars on January 4, 2004, traversed 4 kilometers of Martian landscape, while Opportunity has
traversed 2 kilometers since landing on January 24, 2004. Both rovers continue to perform
exceptionally, far exceeding their original design life of 90 Martian days.

Gravity Probe B (GP-B) launched on April 20, 2004. GP-B has been collecting science data for 20
weeks, and is close to half way through the science phase of the mission. The data collection
process is continuing to proceed smoothly, and the quality of the data remains excellent.

In August 2004, Chandra completed five years of contributions to the understanding of black holes.
It also observed, for the first time, two super-massive black holes in the same galaxy, galactic
monsters that are destined for a dramatic collision.

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), launched in December 1995, sends daily thrilling
images from which research scientists and the public learn about the Sun's nature and behavior.
During the last year, SOHO recorded the most powerful coronal mass ejections since operation.

The Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft (MESSENGER),
launched August 3 2004, started a 4.9-billion mile (7.9-billion kilometer) journey towards Mercury.
MESSENGER’s suite of instruments will investigate Mercury's composition, image its surface in
color, map its magnetic field, measure the properties of its core, explore the mysterious polar
deposits, and characterize Mercury's tenuous atmosphere and Earth-like magnetosphere.

Stardust, NASA's first dedicated sample return mission to a comet, successfully navigated through
the particle- and gas-laden coma around comet Wild 2 in January 2004. During the hazardous
traverse, the spacecraft flew within 240 kilometers (149 miles) of the comet, catching samples of
comet particles and capturing detailed pictures of Wild 2's pockmarked surface. The collected
particles will be returned to Earth for in-depth analysis on January 15, 2006.

Aura, launched July 15, 2004, completes the first series of the Earth Observing System (EOS).
Aura's view of the atmosphere and its chemistry will complement the global data already being
collected on the oceans, land cover, ice sheets, and solar irradiance by NASA's other EOS satellites.
Currently, the spacecraft is providing the first daily, direct global measurements of low-level ozone
and many other pollutants affecting air quality.

The twin Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites demonstrated the ability to
measure variability in the water quantity of continental underground reservoirs, where most of
Earth’s liquid fresh water is stored.

NASA, in collaboration with the United States Geological Survey, has sponsored the development of
the Rundle/Tiampo earthquake forecasting algorithm that identifies small geographic zones of high
earthquake risk in California. Thirteen of the last 14 earthquakes greater than magnitude 5 have
occurred within these narrowly defined hotspots. This research and the resulting forecasting tools
are critical to establishing successful Tsunami warning systems in the future.

Mission Directorate:

Science

SAE

1-4

Theme Distribution

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Solar System Exploration

1910

1858

1901

The Universe

1352

1513

1512

Earth-Sun System

2339 2156 2064

Total

5601 5527 5477

Note: For all formats, the FY 2004 column reflects the FY 2004 Congressional Operating Plan, dated 9/28/2004. The FY 2005 column
reflects the FY 2005 Congressional Operating Plan, dated 12/23/2004. The FY 2006 column represents the FY 2006 President’s Budget
Submit.

Solar System Exploration

People have been watching planets, moons, and comets wander amongst the stars for millennia.
Yet, it was always "look, don't touch" until 1969, when NASA sent two men to Earth's Moon--and
they came back with lunar rock and soil for scientists to study. Since those first footsteps, NASA
has broadened its reach with an increasingly sophisticated series of explorers that have landed on
asteroids, tasted the swirling gases of Jupiter's atmosphere, and collected the breath of the Sun.
Just in the past year, SMD has:

Gathered nearly irrefutable evidence that Mars once had saltwater seas on its surface;

Captured photographs of unknown moons and surprising textures hidden in Saturn's rings; and

Listened in as the Voyager's daily reports sent back the sound of a solar blast wave.

In the next few decades, NASA intends to deepen understanding of the solar system, with
spacecraft fanning out to destinations from the innermost planet to the very edge of the Sun's
influence. Some spacecraft will stay in Earth's orbit, others will follow looping one-way trajectories
through the gravitational forces of the planets, and a few will come back carrying scientifically
priceless pieces of other worlds.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $1,901 M, or a $43 M or 2 percent increase from the FY 2005 budget:

$136.9 M for launch and operation of New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Mission, and Dawn.

$257 M to continue deep-space mission support, including Cassini, Stardust, Genesis, and MESSENGER.

$96 M for technology development of in-space propulsion and radioisotope power system development.

$94 M for Phoenix full mission competition through an Announcement of Opportunity.

$184 M for the conceptual development of the Mars Science Laboratory, a rover with an on-board laboratory.

$105 M for the continued development of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

The Universe

People have gazed at the stars, given them names, and observed their changes for thousands of
years. NASA joined the ancient pursuit of knowledge of the universe comparatively recently.
Nevertheless, in NASA’s 40 years of space science, the Agency has contributed to several major
advances in astronomy, including:

Observations of an atmosphere of a planet outside the solar system.

Completion of the first detailed full-sky map of the oldest light in the universe.

Discovery that dark energy is accelerating the expansion of the universe.

Mission Directorate:

Science

SAE

1-5

Even so, NASA still has the most perplexing and important puzzles to solve:

How did the universe begin?

Does time have a beginning and an end?

Where did we come from?

Are we alone?

To answer these questions, NASA is planning a series of missions linked by powerful new
technologies and complementary approaches to shared science goals. In the first few decades of
this new century, astronomers will greatly advance the study of classical cosmology, the description
of the universe on the largest scales and how it works. SMD also will begin to read the opening
chapter of the story of galaxies, witnessing the actual birth of the stars within.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $1,512 M, or a $1 M decrease from the FY 2005 budget:

$372 M to James Webb Space Telescope for a wide array of detailed flight design and long-lead procurement
and flight hardware fabrication efforts.

$191 M Hubble funding for operations and data analysis, life extension activities, development activities for a
robotic deorbit spacecraft, as well as the modification and upkeep of ground operations systems.

$109 M to progress the Space Interferometry Mission through the critical design phase of the project.

$48 M to support operations readiness of Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOPHIA).

Earth-Sun System

NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to understand and explore Earth and the Sun. The
relationship between the Sun and the Earth is at the heart of a complex, dynamic system that
researchers do not yet fully understand. The Earth-Sun system, like the human body, is comprised
of diverse components that interact in complex ways, requiring unique capabilities for characterizing,
understanding, and predicting change. Therefore, researchers need to understand the Sun, the
heliosphere, and Earth's atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere as a
single connected system.

At the center of the solar system is the Sun, a magnetically variable star. This variability has impacts
on life and technology that are felt here on Earth and throughout the solar system. NASA is working
to understand this planetary system because it is the only star-planet system researchers can
investigate in detail. Using NASA’s view from space to study the Earth-Sun system, researchers also
can better predict critical changes to Earth and its space environment.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $2064 M, a $92M or 4 percent decrease from the FY 2005 budget:

$159 M for Solar Dynamics Observatory to complete integration and test of the spacecraft.

$47.7 M for the launch and initial operations of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory.

$55.3 M for continued development through critical design and initial test of Aquarius, a satellite to measure
global ocean surface salinity for the first time.

$845 M for Earth Sun system research to support algorithm development and improvement and laboratory and
field experiments to validate satellite-based observations.

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-1

In the Solar System Exploration Theme, scientists are exploring the solar system to
understand the origin and evolution of life, and to search for evidence of life elsewhere.

S o lar S ystem E xp lo ratio n

FY 2006 PRES BUD

1,909.5

1,858.1

1,900.5

2,347.7

2,831.9

2,999.0

3,066.2

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-1.5

-89.8

-160.4

-177.0

-122.8

-127.2

Solar System Exploration

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) Theme seeks to understand how the solar system formed and
evolved, and whether there might be life in the solar system beyond Earth. This Theme is founded
upon the pursuit of three simple yet profound questions: Where do we come from? What is our
destiny? Are we alone? These overarching questions lead to more focused questions about our solar
system: How do planets and their satellites form and how have they evolved over the lifetime of the
solar system? How are the planets alike and how do they differ and why? What physical and chemical
conditions and history must a planet have in order to be suitable for life? How were the ingredients for
life, water and simple organic substances, brought to the inner terrestrial planets? Planets and
satellites receiving special attention in the SSE Theme include Mars and the Moon. The Mars program
determines the planet's physical, dynamical and geological characteristics, investigates the variability
of the Martian climate in the context of understanding habitability, and investigates whether Mars ever
harbored any kind of life. The Lunar program's main focus will be demonstrating capabilities to
conduct sustained research on Mars as well as deeper and more advanced explorations of the solar
system. Discovery and New Frontiers are competed and peer reviewed programs that give the
scientific community the opportunity to assemble a team and design focused science investigations
that complement other science explorations. Technology investments in propulsion and radioisotope
power systems will reduce mission costs and increase capabilities for exploration and science return.
The Research program provides new scientific understanding and instrumentation that enables the
next generation of flight missions. DSMS provides capabilities and infrastructures for tracking,
navigation, and data return to Earth to support interplanetary spacecraft missions.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Solar System Exploration Theme

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-2

The SSE Theme supports NASA's mission to "explore the universe and search for life" by exploring
the solar system, understanding the origin and evolution of life, and searching for evidence of life
elsewhere.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

The SSE Theme strives to use its missions, research programs, and the human resources of the
space science community to enhance the quality of American science, mathematics, and technology
education, particularly at the pre-college level. SSE is dedicated to sharing the excitement of
discoveries and knowledge generated by space science missions and research with the public, as well
as contributing to the creation of the talented scientific and technical workforce needed for the 21st
century.

Public benefits from SSE include a growing understanding of the solar system and Earth's significance
within it. SSE's Discovery, Mars, Research, and Technology programs were among the first at NASA
to require a plan for education and public outreach, as NASA recognized the importance of
communicating the excitement of space exploration to the public.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Solar System Exploration work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The planets and satellites of the solar system and the ancient icy bodies far from the Sun are "Rosetta
stones" that can tell unique stories about the evolution of the solar system. As researchers learn more
about the origins of living systems on Earth and the solar system planets and moons, they may learn
that life has arisen on some of them beyond Earth. In support of the Vision for Space Exploration, the
robotic spacecraft dedicated to investigating these questions will serve as trailblazers for future human
exploration. The solar system beyond low Earth orbit is a harsh and forbidding place of hot and cold
extremes and fierce high-energy radiation. Before sending astronauts into this forbidding environment,
NASA must have an adequate base of scientific knowledge and technological capability to protect
them. Robotic spacecraft can endure this environment and prepare the way for humans. SSE robotic
planetary programs such as the Voyagers, Galileo, Cassini, Mars, Discovery and others have been
spectacularly successful and have vastly increased knowledge of the solar system. Knowledge gained
from these and future robotic missions is essential as NASA prepares for a return to the moon and the
eventual extension of human presence to Mars and beyond. Robotic exploration is an integral part of
an overall strategy to extend human presence throughout the solar system.

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-4

6SSE21 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying and understanding the hazards that the
Martian environment will present to human explorers. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

2.7 Identify and understand the hazards that the Martian environment will present to human
explorers.

6SSE25 Complete Mars Science Laboratory Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

6SSE20 Successfully demonstrate progress in searching for chemical and biological signatures of
past and present life on Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

2.6 Search for chemical and biological signatures of past and present life on Mars.

6SSE24 Complete 2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) Preliminary Design Review
(PDR).

6SSE19 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the character and extent of prebiotic
chemistry on Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

2.5 Understand the character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on Mars.

6SSE18 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the characteristics and dynamics of
the interior of Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

2.4 Determine the characteristics and dynamics of the interior of Mars.

6SSE23 Complete successful Martian orbit insertion for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

6SSE17 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the chemistry, mineralogy, and
chronology of Martian materials. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

2.3 Understand the chemistry, mineralogy, and chronology of Martian materials.

6SSE16 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the history and behavior of water
and other volatiles on Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

2.2 Understand the history and behavior of water and other volatiles on Mars.

6SSE15 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the present climate of Mars and
determining how it has evolved over time. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated
by external expert review.

2.1 Characterize the present climate of Mars and determine how it has evolved over time.

2. Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to understand the history
of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration.

6SSE1 Complete Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

1.1 By 2008, conduct the first robotic lunar testbed mission.

1. Undertake robotic and human lunar exploration to further science and to develop and test
new approaches, technologies, and systems to enable and support sustained human and
robotic exploration of Mars and more distant destinations. The first robotic mission will be no
later than 2008.

Solar System Exploration Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-5

6SSE14 Successfully demonstrate progress in studying Earth's geologic and biologic records to
determine the historical relationship between Earth and its biosphere. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

3.8 Study Earth's geologic and biologic records to determine the historical relationship between
Earth and its biosphere.

6SSE13 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the sources of simple chemicals that
contribute to pre-biotic evolution and the emergence of life. Progress toward achieving outcomes
will be validated by external expert review.

3.7 Identify the sources of simple chemicals that contribute to pre-biotic evolution and the emergence
of life.

6SSE12 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the habitable zones in the solar system.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

3.6 Identify the habitable zones in the solar system.

6SSE11 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the nature, history, and distribution of
volatile and organic compounds in the solar system. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

3.5 Determine the nature, history, and distribution of volatile and organic compounds in the solar
system.

6SSE10 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning what our solar system can tell us about
extra-solar planetary systems. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

3.4 Learn what our solar system can tell us about extra-solar planetary systems.

6SSE28 Successfully complete MESSENGER flyby of Venus.

6SSE27 Successfully launch Dawn spacecraft.

6SSE9 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding why the terrestrial planets are so
different from one another. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

3.3 Understand why the terrestrial planets are so different from one another.

6SSE8 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the processes that determine the
characteristics of bodies in our solar system and how these processes operate and interact.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

3.2 Understand the processes that determine the characteristics of bodies in our solar system and
how these processes operate and interact.

6SSE26 Successfully return Stardust science samples to Earth.

6SSE7 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the initial stages of planet and
satellite formation. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

3.1 Understand the initial stages of planet and satellite formation.

3. Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes and to support
human exploration. In particular, explore Jupiter's moons, asteroids and other bodies to
search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to search for
resources.

6SSE22 Successfully demonstrate progress in inventorying and characterizing Martian resources
of potential benefit to human exploration on Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

2.8 Inventory and characterize Martian resources of potential benefit to human exploration of Mars.

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-6

6SSE32 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due
date to selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

6SSE31 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6SSE30 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research
facilities.

6SSE29 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6SSE6 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the physical characteristics of comets
and asteroids relevant to any threat they may pose to Earth. Progress toward achieving outcomes
will be validated by external expert review.

3.10 Determine the physical characteristics of comets and asteroids relevant to any threat they may
pose to Earth.

6SSE5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the inventory and dynamics of bodies
that may pose an impact hazard to Earth. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated
by external expert review.

3.9 By 2008, inventory at least 90 percent of asteroids and comets larger than one kilometer in
diameter that could come near Earth.

Solar System Exploration (SSE) Theme Director is Mr. Andrew A Dantzler, Acting Director of the Solar
System Exploration Division.

Program Management

Space Science Advisory Council (SScAC) - Review science strategy and program
implementation strategy

National Research Council (Space Studies Board) - Review effectiveness and quality of the
programs

Solar System Exploration Sub-Committee - Review science strategy and program
implementation strategy

Mars Exploration Program Advisory Group (MEPAG, Peer Review) - Refine and evaluate the
scientific objectives and research focus areas

Mars Program Independent Assessment Team (MPIAT) - Analyze success and failures of
recent Mars and Deep Space missions

NASA Advisory Council (NAC) - Review science strategy, program implementation strategy

National Research Council - Advises on long-term scientific strategies

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

Mars and Solar System Exploration were two separate themes prior to the FY 2006 budget and
received "Effective" ratings in their previous PART assessments. Each received an overall score of
87%.

Additionally, the assessment concluded that SSE is a "well defined, well managed program with clear
purpose and direct ties to NASA's mission." The Theme was also praised for taking seriously the
research priorities of the planetary science community, having a diverse mission portfolio, and learning
from mission failures.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-7

- Discovery Program: Transferred to Kepler mission, a Discovery project, to the Universe Theme.
- Mars Program - Supports the ramp up for the 2009 Mars Telesat (MTO), Optical, and 2009 Mars
Science Lab (MSL).
- New Frontiers Program - Delayed initiation for the development of New Frontiers 2 mission by about
four months.
- Initiate Lunar Robotic program, and supports the ramp up for the 2008 Lunar Robotic Orbiter (LRO)
mission.
- Technology - Eliminated In-Space Propulsion (ISP) MXER and Hall technologies, and a one year
delay of aerocapture, Solar Sails and Next Generation Electric Propulsion (NEXT) form achieving TRL
6.
- Provides for Directorate program reserve and institutional cost adjustments.

Robotic Lunar Exploration

17.0

52.0

82.6

134.6

Mars Exploration

596.3

681.1

42.0

723.1

Solar System Research

417.5

345.2

17.3

362.5

Deep Space Mission Systems

265.3

257.7

-0.2

257.4

Technology

193.4

130.7

-35.1

95.7

New Frontiers

147.5

210.8

-52.2

158.6

Discovery

272.4

180.6

-12.0

168.7

Solar System Exploration

1,909.5

1,858.1

42.4

1,900.5

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-8

Robotic space exploration holds tremendous possibilities for
exploration and discovery. Even with the vast amount of
knowledge gained since exploration of the solar system began,
there are still many more questions than answers. NASA's
Discovery program gives scientists the opportunity to dig deep
into their imaginations and find innovative ways to unlock the
mysteries of the solar system. It represents a breakthrough in the
way NASA explores space, with lower-cost, highly focused
planetary science investigations designed to enhance our
understanding of the solar system. All completed Discovery
missions (NEAR, Mars Pathfinder, and Lunar Prospector) have
achieved ground-breaking science, with each taking a unique
approach to space exploration. Discovery is an ongoing program
that offers the scientific community the opportunity to assemble a
team and design exciting, focused science investigations that
complement NASA's larger planetary science explorations.

Current Discovery operating projects include Stardust, Aspera-3,
MESSENGER, and Deep Impact. Stardust, launched in February
1999, rendezvoused with Wild 2 comet in January 2004, and will
bring samples of interstellar dust back to Earth. Genesis, a solar
wind particle sample return mission, launched in July 2001,
landed unsuccessfully but it was able to recover samples.
MESSENGER, a mission to Mercury, will orbit Earth for a gravity
assist, fly past Venus twice, and use Venus's gravity to rotate its
trajectory closer to Mercury's orbit.

http://discovery.nasa.gov/missions

Artist's conception of a Discovery program
mission.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

272.4

180.6

168.7

219.2

301.5

319.7

334.3

Discovery

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Stardust - Successfully return Stardust Science samples to Earth in January 2006
MESSENGER - Successfully complete preparations for first flyby of Venus
Dawn - Successfully launch by July 2006
Future Missions - Select Discovery 11 concept study

Plans For FY 2006

Dawn Project - Deleted 2 instruments (laser altimeter and magnetometer), a one month launch
delay (from May 2006 to June 2006), and reduced encounter with Vesta (from 11 to 7) and Ceres
(from 11 to 5)

Kepler - launch date moved from 10/07 to TBD

A one year delay in the selection of Discovery 11 concept study

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Discovery

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-9

ASPERA-3

ASPERA-3 is one of seven scientific instruments aboard
the Mars Express spacecraft, with an objective to search
for sub-surface water from orbit and drop a lander on the
Martian surface.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-02

Jun-03
Jun-03

Jun-03

Mar-07
Mar-07

Form

Dawn

To significantly increase our understanding of the solar
system's earliest history by examining the geophysical
and geochemical properties of the main belt asteroid 1
Ceres and 4 Vesta.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-03

Jun-06
Jun-06

Jun-06

Jul-14
Jul-14

Form Sep-02 Dec-03

Deep Impact

A mission to study the composition of the interior of a
comet.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Mar-01

Jan-05
Jan-05

Jan-05

Mar-06
Mar-06

Form May-00 Mar-01

MESSENGER

A mission to Mercury to conduct an in-depth study of the
Sun's closest neighbor.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-01

Aug-04
Aug-04

Aug-04
Mar-12
Mar-12

Form Sep-00 Jun-01

Genesis

A mission to bring samples of solar wind particles back
to Earth.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Aug-01
Aug-01

Aug-01
Sep-08
Sep-08

Form

Stardust

A mission to bring samples of interstellar dust back to
Earth.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-99
Feb-99

Feb-99
Sep-06
Sep-06

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

Since the inception of the Discovery program, ten missions (NEAR, Mars Pathfinder, Lunar
Prospector, Stardust, CONTOUR, Genesis, MESSENGER, Deep Impact, Dawn and Kepler) and a
Mission of Opportunity (Aspera-3) were selected. NEAR, Mars Pathfinder and Lunar Prospector were
extremely successfully and over achieved their science goals. CONTOUR, launched in July 2002 and
the only Discovery failed mission, was lost mainly due mostly to plume heating during the embedded
solid-rocket motor burn. Genesis landed unsuccessfully, but was able to return science samples of the
solar wind particles back to Earth. Stardust, MESSENGER, Aspera-3, and Deep Impact all launched
successfully, and are currently in the operation and data analysis phase. Dawn and Kepler are in the
development phase.

Technical Description

Discovery program management is delegated to Marshall Space Flight Center. Scientific mission
priorities and assignment responsibilities reside HQ.

Program Management

Program:

Discovery

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-11

The New Frontiers program, a class of competed medium-sized
missions, represents a critical step in the advancement of the
solar system exploration. Proposed science targets for the New
Frontiers program include Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, Jupiter,
Venus, and sample returns from Earth's Moon and a comet
nucleus. The flight rate is expected to be about one mission every
three years.

New Horizons is the first of the New Frontiers missions. New
Horizons will conduct a reconnaissance of the Pluto-Charon
system and the Kuiper Belt. This mission is scheduled to launch
aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle in January 2006.

Two candidate concepts have been selected for New Frontiers 2
for concept studies in July 2005, a Step-2 selection (downselect
to just one mission) is targeted in July 2005. However, funding
limitations may force the initiation of the downselect development
work into FY 2006.

http://centauri.larc.nasa.gov/newfrontiers/

Science targets for New Frontiers Program

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

147.5

210.8

158.6

157.7

162.6

259.4

259.0

New Frontiers

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

New Horizons:
- Flight Readiness Review - 12/05
- Successfully launch - 1/06

New Frontiers 2:
- Step 2 or downselect - 7/05, funding limitations may force the initiation of the downselected
development work into FY 2006

Plans For FY 2006

New Frontiers program management is delegated to MSFC. Scientific mission priorities and
assignment responsibilities reside at NASA Headquarters, SMD.

Program Management

2 month delay (from 5/05 to 7/05) in Step 2 or downselect of the New Frontiers 2 mission.
However, funding limitations may force the initiation of the downselected development work into
FY 2006.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

New Frontiers

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-12

New Horizons

Will conduct reconnaissance of Pluto and its moon
Charon.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-01 Oct-01

Mar-03

Jan-06
Jan-13

Jan-06

Dec-20
Dec-20

Form Oct-01 Mar-03

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

New Horizons is scheduled to launch aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle in January 2006, swing past
Jupiter for a gravity boost and scientific studies in February 2007, and reach Pluto and its moon,
Charon, in July 2015. Then the spacecraft may head deeper into the Kuiper Belt to study one or more
of the icy mini-worlds in that vast region, at least a billion miles beyond Neptune's orbit.

Technical description for future New Frontiers missions to be defined upon mission(s) selection.

Technical Description

RISK: New Horizons: Nuclear launch approval process and schedule, launch vehicle certification
schedule, Observatory delivery schedule, and overall project cost. MITIGATION: NASA
Headquarters has chartered the Discovery and New Frontiers program office at MSFC to perform
an Independent Assessment of the New Horizon mission with respect to the following: #1)assess
the mission's readiness to support a January 2006 launch date and #2)assess the project's ability
to deliver the spacecraft and instruments that meet the AO-based contractual requirements.

Risk Management

New Horizons: Principal Investigator - Southwest Research Institute

New Horizons: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory has project management
responsibility

Key Participants

Major acquisitions for the New Horizons project are in place. Acquisitions for mission(s) beyond
New Horizon are to be defined upon mission(s) selection.

The New Frontiers program will solicit proposals for an entire mission, put together by a team
comprised of people from industry, small businesses, government and universities, led by a PI.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

New Frontiers

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-13

Solar system exploration is a challenging endeavor. Robotic
spacecraft use electrical power for propulsion, data acquisition,
and communication to accurately place themselves in orbit
around and onto the surfaces of bodies about which we may
know relatively little. These systems ensure that they survive and
function in hostile and unknown environments, acquire and
transmit data throughout their lifetimes, and sometimes transport
samples back to Earth. Since successful completion of these
missions is so dependent on power, the future SSE portfolio of
missions will demand advances in power and propulsion
systems.

Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) continue to provide a
substantial increasing power for the spacecraft on missions to the
outer planets, and have revolutionized NASA's capability to
explore the solar system. Increased power for spacecraft means
not only traveling farther or faster, but also exploring more
efficiently with greater scientific return. The In-Space Propulsion
Program (ISPP) develops non-nuclear technologies that can
enable or benefit NASA robotic missions (including Discovery,
New Frontiers, Mars, and may include Living with a Star
missions) by significantly reducing cost, mass, and/or travel
times. ISPP supports the Vision for Exploration by providing new
transportation capabilities for robotic science and exploration.
The fundamental benefit of ISPP results in an increase in the
return of scientific data and a shorter cycle of space science
experimentation.

Collection of current technology investment

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

193.4

130.7

95.7

129.3

128.0

129.1

130.4

Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

In-Space Power Program (ISPP): Validate by test a Next Generation Xenon Thruster in an integrated
system, including power processor and propellant management system (first generation product
delivery) with a goal of testing a multi-thruster configuration. Additional investments are being made
with the goal of achieving TRL 6 in FY 2007, first generation product delivery. Demonstrate the rigid
aeroshell concept on the ground via mechanical and thermal tests of two different integrated aeroshell
systems, incorporating thermal protection and sensor systems.

Radioisotope Power System (RPS): Assuming that NEPA compliance assessments support
proceeding with flight system development, final design, fabrication and testing of the Qualification
Units for both Multi Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) and Sterling
Radioisotope Generator (SRG) would take place in 2006.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Technology

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-14

Radioisotope Power
Systems (RPS)

On-going and continuous to research and develop power
system technologies that can enable or benefit near- and
mid-term NASA
robotic exploration missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-02 Sep-50

Form

In-Space Propulsion
Program (ISPP)

On-going and continuous research and develop non-
nuclear in-space propulsion technologies for near, mid,
and long-term NASA robotic missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-50

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The ISPP portfolio has enabling or beneficial application to missions on approved agency roadmaps.
The high priority technology areas are Solar Electric Propulsion (Next Generation Electric Propulsion),
Solar Sail Propulsion and Aerocapture Technology; additional investments are being made in the
areas of Advanced Chemical and Tether Propulsion. Other technology areas will be established as
required to meet NASA priorities. RPS program objectives are 1) develop new radioisotope power
sources for missions that would launch by the end of the decade; 2) advance promising power
conversion technologies to increase the specific power and performance of future RPS units; and 3)
assess and facilitate the use of advanced RPS technologies for new mission application.

Technical Description

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports NASA by leading development and delivery of the
MMRTG and SRG. DOE is also responsible for the purchase of Plutonium-238 (Pu-238) fuel from
Russia, and processing, fabrication and integration of Pu-238 heat sources.

Key Participants

With the exception of selections to be made via the ROSES NRAs, which are competitive and
peer reviewed, all major acquisitions are in place for both the ISP and RPS technology programs.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

MSFC is responsible for ISPP, while Headquarters is responsible for managing the RPS program.
Both technology programs reside in SMD, SSE Theme.

Program Management

Radioisopte Power System (RPS): Deleted Small RPS or second generation Sterling (SRG), and
RPS Power Conversion Technology (RPCT).

In-Space Propulsion: One year delay of aerocapture, Solar Sails and Next Generation Electric
Propulsion (NEXT 9kw engine) from achieving TRL-6 by FY 2006. Eliminated MXER and HALL
technology tasks.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Technology

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-15

Deep Space Mission System (DSMS) Program seeks to enable
NASA exploration, both human and robotic, of the solar system
and beyond by providing reliable, high performance, and cost
effective telecommunications and navigation services to its lunar
and deep space missions.

DSMS objectives include: 1)Develop and evolve an operations
concept and architecture for lunar and deep space
communications, navigation, and information systems that enable
NASA exploration throughout the 21st century; 2)Improve
communications between Earth and deep space to enable new
classes of future NASA missions provide a minimum of 1,000 fold
and up to a 1,000,000 fold increase in end-to-end mission
information return capability by 2030; 3)Improve tracking and
navigation services to enhance current capabilities as well as
enable new classes of future NASA missions; 4)Improve the
operability of DSMS from the mission perspective. In particular,
provide a user interface that is responsive, easy to understand,
easy to use, and provides the user insight into the quality of
provided services; 5)Leverage NASA's deep space
communications and navigation capabilities to provide support to
specific classes of near-Earth missions where technically and
economically appropriate; 6)inspire and mentor the next
generation of engineers and scientists, and engage the public at
large; and 7)Pioneer deep space communication and navigation
techniques, technologies, and supporting information systems.

Project elements within DSMS include the Deep Space Network
(DSN, both optical and radio) and the Advanced Multi-Mission
Operations Support (AMMOS).

http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn/

The Goldstone Deep Space
Communications Complex, located in the
Mojave Desert in California, is one of three
complexes which comprise NASA's Deep
Space Network (DSN).

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

265.3

257.7

257.4

251.6

260.6

267.7

273.4

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS)

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-16

DSN is a global network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions and radio and
radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar system and the universe, as well as
selected Earth-orbiting missions. The DSN consists of three deep-space communications facilities
placed at longitudes approximately 120 degrees apart around the world: Goldstone, California, Madrid,
Spain, and Canberra, Australia. AMMOS is a set of tools and services that are an integral part of
NASA deep space missions, providing standard mission environments to reduce the total cost of
NASA missions. Optical provides technical guidance and development of components for future deep
space optical communications, including develop roadmap for long-term architecture and technology
requirements.

Technical Description

DSN will not only continue to support current missions, but will also plan for and make technology
investments to support the Vision for Exploration. It is anticipated that Deep Space Network (DSN) will
return a 1000-1,000,000-fold increase in data than is now possible at a much lower cost than today's
DSN.

DSN will continue to acquire telemetry data from spacecraft, and transmit commands to spacecraft,
track spacecraft position and velocity in support of about 35 missions in FY06 Dawn, Image,TOMS-
EP, Deep Impact, Ulysses, GOES-13 (for NOAA), Mars Science Laboratory, Genesis, RadarSat
(Canadian mission), Spirit and Opportunity the 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers, Voyagers 1 and 2, ISTP
(Cluster, Geotail, Polar, Wind), Cassini, SOHO, ACE, Mars Express, Integral (ESA mission), Muses-C
(Japanese), Mars Global Surveyor, Chandra, SELENE (Japanese), MESSENGER, MAP, Stardust,
2001 Mars Odyssey, Rosetta, MRO, Spitzer, GSSR, Space Geodesy, and Lunar-A (Japanese).

AMMOS will continue to provide navigation and design tools and provide training to flight missions,
perform resource allocations, and undertake technology investments for improved communications
and navigation technologies.

Optical will continue to provide technical guidance and development of components for future deep
space optical communications.

The program will actively develop standards that reduce the cost of developing and operating newer
missions and enable a seamless connectivity and interoperability across the solar system mission
assets and thereby reduce risk and increase the probability of mission success.

Plans For FY 2006

JPL is responsible for Deep Space Mission System (DSMS) program management and oversight.

Program Management

There are no changes.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS)

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-17

Optical Long-term
Tech

Provide technical guidance and development of
components for future deep space optical
communications.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Deep Space Network

Acquire telemetry data from sapcecraft and transmit
commands to spacecraft.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Advanced Multi-
mission Operation
System

Provide navigation and design tools to improve
communications and navigation technologies.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Fragile infrastructure due to aging and risk of breakage. MITIGATION: Studies,
prioritization of work, implementation. In the first half of FY05: 1) -Requirements reviews in 8 areas
that cover all of DSMS activities to determine precisely what work needs to be done; 2) -Engaging
an outside engineering firm to provide in-depth analysis of Goldstone facilities upgrade
requirements; 3) -Single points of failure analysis throughout the DSN.

Risk Management

DOD - Laser Communication, member in the Deep Space Network Executive Management Board

Russia - member of tracking interoperability working group of which NASA is a part

France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom - data transfer protocol standards working
group

Spain and Australia - tracking stations near Madrid and near Canberra.

Key Participants

Program:

Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS)

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-18

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) Research Program
develops the theoretical tools and laboratory data needed to
analyze flight data, makes possible new and better instruments to
fly on future missions, and analyzes the data returned so that
SSE can answer specific questions posed and fit this new
knowledge into the overall picture of the solar system. This
program represents an essential complement to flight missions,
providing the scientific research and theoretical foundation that
allows the nation to fully utilize the unique data sets returned from
the solar system.

The SSE Research Program element includes Research and
Analysis (R&A); the operations and analysis of data for Cassini,
Rosetta, and Hayabusa (Muses-C) missions; and the science
data tools and archives needed to perform and catalog the
research.

The scope of R&A programs is wide because they must provide
the new theories and instrumentation that enable the next
generation of flight missions. The alignment of research program
with SSE strategic goals is maintained by 1) ensuring the NASA
Research Announcements soliciting R&A proposals contain
explicit instructions that proposals must identify, and 2)
addressing one or more elements of the Science Mission
Directorate and NASA's Exploration Vision.

Cassini-Huygens is an international collaboration mission to
Saturn and is the first to explore the Saturn system of rings and
moons. Rosetta, an ESA/NASA comet rendezvous mission
launched in March 2004, and Hayabusa (Muses-C-), a joint
Japanese/NASA mission to asteroid 4660 Nereus and return a
sample, are also included in the Research Program.

Cassini image of 6-Phoebe

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

417.5

345.2

362.5

370.2

374.3

374.8

381.8

Solar System Research

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

- Continue with the operations and data analysis of the Cassini, Rosetta, and Hayabusa (Muses-C)
missions.
- Continue planetary science data archiving and releasing of this data to the science community in a
timely manner.
- Release Research Announcements soliciting R&A proposals and make selections.

Plans For FY 2006

There are no changes.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Solar System Research

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-19

Hayabusa (Muses-C)

JAXA asteroid sample return mission with US science
participation.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-98

Jul-02
Jul-02

Jul-02

Aug-07
Sep-09

Form

Rosetta

An ESA mission to 46 P/Wirtanen Comet.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-97

Mar-04
Mar-04

Mar-04
Sep-16
Sep-16

Form

Cassini

A mission to Saturn and it's major moon (Titan).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-89
Oct-97

Dec-00

Oct-97

Jul-08
Jul-08

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Research and Analysis (R&A) provides the foundation for the formulation of new scientific questions
and strategies. It supports research tasks such as astrobiology and cosmochemistry, the origins and
evolution of planetary systems, the atmospheres, geology, and chemistry of the solar system's planets
(other than Earth). Additionally, it provides for instruments and measurement concepts, and supports
the initial definition and development of instruments for future Discovery, New Frontiers, or Mars
missions. Cassini (a mission to Saturn that will help us better understand Saturn, its famous rings, its
magnetosphere, and Titan), Rosettta (ESA Comet rendezvous mission), and Hayabusa/Muses-C
(JAXA asteroid sample return mission) are included within the Research Program.

Technical Description

Rosetta - The European Space Agency (ESA) built the spacecraft, provided the launch vehicle,
and operates the spacecraft

Hayabus (Muses-C) - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) responsibilities include the
spacecraft, launch vehicle, and operations

Cassini - The Italian Space Agency provided Cassini's high-gain communication antenna

Cassini - The Huygens probe was built by the European Space Agency

Key Participants

The FY2006 budget will fund competitively selected activities from the ROSES-05 (Research
Opportunities in Space and Earth Science)Omnibus NRA.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

NASA Headquarters is responsible for R&A program management; Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) has
responsibility for Cassini, Rosetta, and Hayabusa (Muses-C).

Program Management

Program:

Solar System Research

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-20

Mars has captured the imagination of generations, from the
discovery of "canals" in the 19th century to H.G. Wells' War of the
Worlds. Additionally, Mars is the most Earth-like planet in our
solar system, with land mass approximately equivalent to the
Earth's landmass and what appear to be familiar features such as
riverbeds, past river deltas, and volcanoes. Not only is Mars
common in our folklore and imagination, but it also holds valuable
scientific clues to the development of the solar system, planets,
and maybe life itself. The Mars Exploration Program has been
developed to conduct a rigorous, incremental, discovery-driven
exploration of Mars to determine the planet's physical, dynamic,
and geological characteristics, investigate the Martian climate in
the context of understanding habitability, and investigate whether
Mars ever had the potential to develop and harbor any kind of life.
Discoveries from recent missions such as Mars Odyssey and the
Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity) have provided
convincing evidence of significant amounts of liquid water on
Mars in the past. This evidence supports the program's goals,
mission sequences, and overall approach to searching for past or
present life on Mars through following a key ingredient of life as
we know it - water.

The MEP Homepage can be accessed at:
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/

Mars Exploration 10 year program.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

596.3

681.1

723.1

943.5

1,233.4

1,232.0

1,260.2

Mars Exploration

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

- 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) starts Mars orbit insertion and begins science
investigations.
- 2007 Phoenix (Mars Scout), enters assembly, integration, and test phase.
- 2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) starts Preliminary Design Review (PDR), and Optical
Communication Payload starts Critical Design Review (CDR).
- 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) starts Preliminary Design Review (PDR).
- Mars Scouts number 2 release Announcement of Opportunity (AO).

Plans For FY 2006

JPL has program responsibility; Theme responsibility resides at NASA HQ/SMD.

Program Management

There are no changes.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Mars Exploration

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-21

Phoenix

The first in a new line of smaller competed "Scout"
missions in the agency's Mars Exploration Program to
detect life by looking for complex organic molecules.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Mar-05

Aug-07

May-08

Aug-07

Oct-08
Oct-09

Form Aug-03 Mar-05

Mars Science
Laboratory (MSL)

To collect martian soil samples and rock cores and
analyze them for organic compounds and environmental
conditions that could have supported microbial life now
or in the past.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Aug-05
Nov-09
Nov-10

Nov-09

Oct-12

Sep-13

Form Nov-03 Aug-05

Mars Express

The ESA and the ISA Mars mission, with a US
participation, launched in June 2, 2003, to explore the
atmosphere and surface of Mars from polar orbit.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-00

Jun-03

Dec-03

Jun-03

Dec-05
Sep-06

Form Jan-00 Sep-00

Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter (MRO)

Take close-up pictures of the martian surface, analyze
minerals, look for subsurface water, trace how much dust
and water are distributed in the atmosphere, and monitor
daily global weather.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-02

Aug-05

Mar-06

Aug-05
Dec-10
Dec-10

Form Jan-01 Jul-02

MER (Spirit &
Opportunity)

To search for evidence of liquid water that may have
been present in the planet's past

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-00
Jul-03

Jan-04

Jul-03

Mar-05
Sep-05

Form May-00 Jul-00

Odyssey

To study the geology, geophysics and climate of Mars.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-01
Oct-01

Apr-01

Mar-07
Sep-07

Form

Mars Global Surveyor
(MGS)

To study the entire Martian surface, atmosphere, and
interior, and has returned more data about the red planet
than all other Mars missions combined.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Nov-96
Sep-97

Nov-96
Sep-06
Sep-06

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

The MEP is composed of a number of synergistic elements that achieve the programmatic and
scientific goals of the program. The technology program supports future missions through competitive
selection of base, focused, and instrument-specific development. Science research is fostered
through competitive selections for scientific research, and missions are developed through largely
competitive (and limited non-competative) processes, including core MEP missions and community-
driven competitive Scout missions. MEP is currently operating Global Surveyor, Odyssey, and the
Mars Exploration Rovers at Mars, conducting ground-breaking science and providing orbit
communications relay for the rovers. Missions in development include MRO(8/2005), Phoenix(2007),
MSL(2009) and MTO/MLCD(2009).

Technical Description

NASA has set a goal of open competition for all missions. All major acquisitions for MRO,
Phoenix, and MSL are in place; major acquisitions for MTO are in the selection process.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Mars Exploration

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-23

Robotic Lunar Exploration (RLE) Program will undertake lunar
exploration activities that enable sustained human and robotic
exploration of the Moon. These activities will further science, and
develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems,
including use of lunar and other space resources, to support
sustained human space exploration.

RLE will develop precursor lunar missions in response to mission
and technology requirements defined by the Exploration Systems
Directorate. RLE missions will infuse the technologies and test
the operations modes that NASA will employ in human and
robotic solar system exploration. Launch of LRO in 2008 is
necessary to meet the President's mandate to land humans on
the moon between 2015 and 2020.

The specific number, frequency, duration, sizes and types of
lunar missions and systems NASA ultimately deploys will be
determined based on: the capabilities requiring demonstration on
or near the Moon; the operational concepts being considered for
future human and robotic exploration of Mars and other solar
system destinations; and the research results from ongoing
robotic missions to Mars and other solar system destinations.
Robotic Lunar Exploration will develop and conduct a robotic
lunar orbital mission, launching by 2008, and a robotic lunar
surface mission, launching by 2009, to test system capabilities,
and gather engineering data for future development.

RLE Homepage can be accessed at:
http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.go

LRO spacecraft and payload - artist's
Conception

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

17.0

52.0

134.6

276.1

371.4

416.2

427.0

Robotic Lunar Exploration

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is the only Robotic Lunar Exploration program project in
formulation. Other missions for the Robotic Lunar exploration program are in pre-formulation.

Plans For FY 2006

The Robotic Lunar Exploration program is delegated to the Goddard Space Flight Center. Theme
responsibility resides at SMD/ NASA Headquarters.

Program Management

LRO entered the formulation.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Robotic Lunar Exploration

Solar System Exploration

Theme:

SAE 2-24

LRO

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

May-05

Oct-08

Nov-09

Oct-08

Dec-09
Dec-09

Form Jan-05 May-05

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Robotic Lunar Exploration (RLE) program is responsible for undertaking lunar exploration
activities to advance lunar science and to enable sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and
more distant destinations in the solar system and initiating a series of robotic missions to the moon to
prepare for and support future human exploration activities. In addition the RLE Program will use lunar
exploration activities to develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems, to support
sustained human space exploration to Mars and other destinations.

Technical Description

The requirements for the Robotic Lunar Exploration program are determined by the Exploration
Systems Mission Directorate. Participants are GSFC, LaRC, and KSC.

Key Participants

NASA is committed to the principles of open competition and merit review as a key to excellence.
The measurement investigations for the LRO were selected through the competitive AO process.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Robotic Lunar Exploration

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-1

These images represent views of Kepler's supernova remnant taken in X-rays, visible
light, and infrared.

T h e U n iverse

FY 2006 PRES BUD

1,351.7

1,513.2

1,512.2

1,531.5

1,539.4

1,495.0

1,406.7

Changes from FY 2005 Request

46.9

68.7

-49.1

-62.5

-68.3

111.6

The Universe

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

How did the universe begin? How will it end? Does time have a beginning and an end? The universe
is a dynamic, evolving place, governed by cycles of matter and energy. In an intricate series of
physical processes, chemical elements are formed and destroyed, passed between stars and diffuse
clouds. Through The Universe Theme, NASA seeks to understand these cycles and how they created
the unique conditions that support our very existence. Where did we come from? Are we alone?
Astronomers search for answers to these questions by looking far away, towards the beginning of
time, to see galaxies forming, and close to home, in search of planetary systems like our own around
nearby stars.

The Universe suite of operating missions includes 3 Great Observatories, which have helped
astronomers unravel the mysteries of the cosmos by allowing contemporaneous observations of
objects at different spectral wavelengths. The best known of these is the Hubble Space Telescope,
which has literally rewritten astronomy textbooks since its launch in 1990. Hubble was joined by the
Chandra X-Ray Observatory in 1999, and the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2003.

In the years to come, new technologies and more powerful instruments will allow the Universe
Theme's Beyond Einstein missions to look deeper into the cosmos, taking us to the edge of black
holes and nearly to the beginning of time. In our search for origins, we will peer one-by-one at
hundreds of our nearest neighbor stars and inventory their planets, searching for solar systems
resembling our own with a balmy, wet planet like Earth. We do not yet know whether the worlds we
seek are common or exceedingly rare, but our journey has already begun.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the The Universe Theme

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Gravity Probe B (GP-B) science results will become available.

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) confirmation to enter development phase.

Keck Interferometer nulling mode becomes available for key project observing.

Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) will be commissioned.

NASA launched Swift, a gamma-ray burst explorer.

Chandra completed five years of observations.

Hubble Space Telescope's Ultra Deep Field images revealed some of the first galaxies to
emerge after the Big Bang.

The Spitzer Space Telescope penetrated cosmic dust to reveal previously hidden objects:
newborn stars, a cannibalistic galaxy, and what may be the youngest planet ever detected.

NASA launched Gravity Probe-B.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The Universe Theme supports NASA's mission to "explore the universe and search for life" by
attempting to understand the origin and evolution of life, searching for evidence of life elsewhere and
exploring the universe beyond.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

Over the last decade, few scientific endeavors have provided the world with more spectacular images
or yielded more fascinating results than the Universe's Great Observatories: the Hubble Space
Telescope, Chandra X-Ray Observatory and Spitzer Space Telescope. As more sophisticated
instruments have been added through the years, the world has witnessed the birth of stars, begun to
unravel the mysteries of black holes, and looked billions of years into the past. This flood of knowledge
and questions has spread across the globe via front-page press, television, Web sites, and school
curricula at all levels. Programs within the Universe Theme will continue to make significant
contributions toward meeting national goals for the reform of science, mathematics, and technology
education, as well as elevating scientific and technological literacy throughout the country.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts The Universe work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The Universe Theme seeks to answer questions that humankind has been pondering for millennia:
How did the universe begin? How will it end? What are the limits of matter and energy, of space and
time? How did the universe come to be, and what are the laws of nature that have permitted life to
arise in the universe? Throughout history, these questions have served as cornerstones of mythology
and philosophy: thought-provoking, but unanswerable. Now, with the aid of cutting-edge science and
technology, the answers are no longer beyond scientists' reach.

Knowing where we come from means understanding how the universe began and how its evolution
culminated in everything that can be observed today. Knowing whether Earth alone supports life in the
cosmos depends upon NASA's search for life-sustaining planets or moons, and researchers'
understanding of the diversity of life here on Earth. Programs within the Universe Theme are aimed at
developing the new technologies, building the instruments to make crucial observations, and
performing the science that will bring answers to these questions.

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-3

6UNIV7 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the tools and techniques to search for
life on planets beyond our solar system. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by
external expert review.

4.8 Develop the tools and techniques to search for life on planets beyond our solar system.

6UNIV6 Successfully demonstrate progress in tracing the chemical pathways by which simple
molecules and dust evolve into the organic molecules important for life. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.7 Trace the chemical pathways by which simple molecules and dust evolve into the organic
molecules important for life.

6UNIV21 Begin Kepler Spacecraft Integration and Test (I&T).

6UNIV5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how common Earth-like planets are
and whether any might be habitable. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by
external expert review.

4.6 Find out how common Earth-like planets are and see if any might be habitable.

6UNIV4 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the giant planets orbiting other stars.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.5 Characterize the giant planets orbiting other stars.

6UNIV3 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing planetary systems around other stars
and comparing their architectures and evolution with our own. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.4 Observe planetary systems around other stars and compare their architectures and evolution
with our own.

6UNIV18 Complete Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Airworthiness
Flight Testing.

6UNIV2 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how gas and dust become stars and
planets. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.3 Learn how gas and dust become stars and planets.

6UNIV1 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding how different galactic ecosystems of
stars and gas formed and which ones might support the existence of planets and life. Progress
toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.2 Understand how different galactic ecosystems of stars and gas formed and which ones might
support the existence of planets and life.

6UNIV20 Complete James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mission Preliminary Design Review
(PDR).

6UNIV17 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how the cosmic web of matter organized
into the first stars and galaxies and how these evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

4.1 Learn how the cosmic web of matter organized into the first stars and galaxies and how these
evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today.

4. Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable environments
around the stars.

The Universe Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-4

6UNIV16 Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how the interplay of baryons, dark
matter, and gravity shapes galaxies and systems of galaxies. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

5.9 Discover how the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and gravity shapes galaxies and systems of
galaxies.

6UNIV19 Complete Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Spacecraft Integration
and Test (I&T).

6UNIV15 Successfully demonstrate progress in exploring the behavior of matter in extreme
astrophysical environments, including disks, cosmic jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and
cosmic rays. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

5.8 Explore the behavior of matter in extreme astrophysical environments, including disks, cosmic
jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays.

6UNIV14 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how, where, and when the chemical
elements were made, and in tracing the flows of energy and magnetic fields that exchange them
between stars, dust, and gas. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

5.7 Determine how, where, and when the chemical elements were made, and trace the flows of
energy and magnetic fields that exchange them between stars, dust, and gas.

6UNIV13 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing stars and other material plunging into
black holes. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

5.6 Observe stars and other material plunging into black holes.

6UNIV12 Successfully demonstrate progress in testing Einstein's theory of gravity and mapping
space-time near event horizons of black holes. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

5.5 Test Einstein's theory of gravity and map space-time near event horizons of black holes.

6UNIV11 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how black holes are formed, where
they are, and how they evolve. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

5.4 Determine how black holes are formed, where they are, and how they evolve.

6UNIV10 Successfully demonstrate progress in measuring the cosmic evolution of dark energy.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

5.3 Measure the cosmic evolution of dark energy.

6UNIV9 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the size, shape, and matter-energy
content of the Universe. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

5.2 Determine the size, shape, and matter-energy content of the universe.

6UNIV8 Successfully demonstrate progress in searching for gravitational waves from the earliest
moments of the Big Bang. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

5.1 Search for gravitational waves from the earliest moments of the Big Bang.

5. Explore the universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and destiny.

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-5

6UNIV25 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due
date to selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

6UNIV24 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6UNIV23 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research
facilities.

6UNIV22 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

The Universe Theme Director is Dr. Anne Kinney, Director of The Universe Division, Science Mission
Directorate.

Program Management

Each major mission has an independent review team that evaluates the project at critical
junctures in the development process. These reviews occur throughout the year.

NASA asked the National Research Council to review the robotic servicing of the Hubble Space
Telescope. Results of the report were released in December 2004 and can be found at the
National Academies Web site: http://nationalacademies.org.

November 2004 - Independent Cost, Schedule & Management Review - determined SOFIA's
readiness to proceed with the start of test flights.
December 2004 - Initial Science Operations Review concluded that SOFIA should move
forward with operations, but should modify early science plans.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Universe Theme was previously comprised of 2 themes: Structure and Evolution of the Universe
(SEU), and Astronomical Search for Origins (ASO). The SEU Theme was reviewed and received a
PART rating of "effective."

OMB found that "SEU is a well-defined, well-managed program with clear purpose and direct ties to
NASA's mission. SEU embraces the research priorities of the astronomy and astrophysics community
and includes those priorities within its mission plans."

Due to past cost and schedule concerns, OMB has recommended, and NASA wil be implementing,
consistent with its new standard cost management policies, the following recommendations:

1) Estimated life cycle cost before entering development
2) Anticipated cost and schedule associated with each mission phase
3) Mission cost and and schedule progress achieved in each phase before entering the next, and
4) Any plans to re-baseline life cycle cost and/or schedule

Quality

Independent Reviews:

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-6

James Webb Space Telescope - Concluding design work and ramping up fabrication to get to
preliminary design review.

Navigator - SIM has experienced a 14-month delay to launch resulting from budgetary resolutions
made in FY2005.

Discovery - Kepler is the only Discovery project included in the Universe Theme.

Beyond Eistein

26.9

41.8

13.7

55.5

International Space Science Collaboration

31.9

13.3

-0.3

13.0

Universe Research

363.1

331.6

-15.9

315.7

Explorer

58.4

82.0

18.8

100.8

Discovery

50.8

125.5

-7.6

117.9

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope

102.7

107.0

-7.6

99.4

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy

66.9

50.9

-2.6

48.3

Hubble Space Telescope

242.5

215.7

-25.0

190.7

James Webb Space Telescope

243.2

311.8

59.8

371.6

Navigator

165.2

233.7

-34.3

199.4

The Universe

1,351.7

1,513.2

-1.0

1,512.2

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-7

Are we alone? For centuries, humankind has pondered this
question. Medieval scholars speculated that other worlds must
exist, some harboring other forms of life. Within the past few
decades, advances in science and technology have brought us to
the threshold of finding an answer to this timeless question.

Recent discovery of planets around stars other than the Sun
confirms that the solar system is not unique. Indeed, these
extrasolar planets appear to be common in the galactic
neighborhood. Yet the planets discovered thus far are giants, like
Jupiter and Saturn, unlikely to support life. But some of these
systems might also contain smaller, terrestrial planets like Mars
and Earth.

Over the next 15 years, NASA will embark on a bold series of
missions to find and characterize new worlds using the most
sensitive instruments ever built. The Keck Interferometer will
combine the light of the world's largest optical telescopes,
extending NASA's vision to new distances. Using a technique
known as interferometry, Keck will study dust clouds around stars
where planets may be forming and provide the first direct images
of giant planets outside the solar system. The Space
Interferometry Mission (SIM) will measure the distances and
positions of stars with unprecedented accuracy, allowing
researchers to detect evidence of planets just slightly larger than
Earth. Finally, the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) will build upon
the legacy of the missions that have gone before it. With an
imaging power 100 times greater than the Hubble Space
Telescope, TPF will send back the first images and atmospheric
chemical analyses of nearby planetary systems.

Missions in the Navigator program.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

165.2

233.7

199.4

246.6

394.5

432.1

434.1

Navigator

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Keck Interferometer Nulling Mode will become available for key project observing in January 2006.

As a result of an Announcement of Opportunity released during FY 2005, NASA Headquarters will
select the science investigations for TPF-C.

SIM cost and schedule baselines will be determined in preparation for the development phase
beginning in 2007.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Navigator

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-8

Terrestrial Planet
Finder

Detection and characterization of Earth-like planets
around as many as 150 stars up to 45 light-years away.
TPF is in pre-formulation.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-02 Oct-10

Form

Space Interferometry
Mission

Development, Operations, and Research dates will be
determined at Non Advocate Review.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-98 Aug-03

May-07

Oct-12
Oct-12

Oct-12
Oct-16
Oct-19

Form Aug-03 May-07

Large Binocular
Telescope
Interferometer

Development, Operations, and Research dates
determined at Confirmation Review.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Nov-02
Mar-06
Mar-07

Mar-06
Mar-16
Mar-17

Form Jan-01 Nov-02

Keck Interferometer

Science on Keck is done continuously; 3 capabiities
using 2 large telescopes will be developed and tested
through 2007. Outrigger telescopes come on line in
2012.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Feb-03 Feb-23

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Navigator program consists of a coherent series of increasingly challenging projects, each
complementary to the others and each mission building on the results and capabilities of those that
preceded it as NASA searches for habitable planets outside of the solar system. As part of the
Navigator program's primary mission, Keck Interferometer will characterize inner dust environments
around other star systems, and identify long-period planets and "warm-Jupiters," while the LBTI will
characterize outer dust environments and observe giant planets. SIM will search for terrestrial planets,
characterize planetary systems, and determine planet mass. The TPF missions will find and
characterize planets and habitable environments outside the solar system.

Technical Description

The Navigator program is a multi-project program. Each project has its own major acquisitions,
which can be found on the project information sheets in the Appendix.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

JPL - Navigator project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and JPL Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

SIM launch has slipped approximately two years.

Cost increases on the SIM instrument and spacecraft have occurred as the design concept has
matured and as the project moves toward implementation (when a cost cap is established).

The TPF project has been divided into two missions: a visible coronagraph to be flown first,
followed by an infrared formation flying interferometer.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Navigator

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-10

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)--identified by the
National Research Council as the top priority for astronomy and
physics for the current decade--is a large, deployable infrared
astronomical space-based observatory. JWST will enter
development in 2006 and is scheduled for launch in 2011. The
mission is a logical successor to the HST, extending beyond
Hubble's discoveries into the infrared, where the highly redshifted
early universe must be observed, where cool objects like
protostars and protoplanetary disks emit strongly, and where dust
obscures shorter wavelengths.

During its five-year science mission, JWST will address the
questions: "How did we get here?" and "Are we alone?" by
exploring the mysterious epoch when the first luminous objects in
the universe came into being after the Big Bang. The focus of
scientific study will include first light, assembly of galaxies, origins
of stars and planetary systems, and origins of life.

For more information, please see: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

Artist's impression of JWST

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

243.2

311.8

371.6

372.5

328.6

227.0

189.4

James Webb Space Telescope

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Funds for JWST in 2006 will go toward a wide array of detailed flight design and long-lead
procurement and flight hardware fabrication efforts, spanning all elements of the entire observatory, as
well as capital expenses on manufacturing, assembly, and test equipment. JWST will undergo its
mission-level preliminary design review, and a non-advocate review, which will lead to planned
confirmation with formal approval of, and commitment to, full-scale development--a major program
milestone.

Mirror segments for JWST's main optic, its primary mirror, will be well into fabrication in 2006. The
mirror segments are long-lead schedule items, and the critical path of development runs through
primary mirror fabrication and assembly, so this large-scale activity is of paramount importance in FY
2006.

Although JWST will not launch until 2011, construction will be mostly complete by FY 2008. The
remaining schedule will be used for assembly, integration and a great deal of testing. Because JWST
is a large spacecraft that will operate in extremely cold temperatures in the vacuum of space, large
cryogenic vacuum test facilities are required to accommodate it and a great deal of time will be needed
to test it. Preparation of large, cryogenic test facilities and equipment will be underway in FY 2006 so
they will be ready in time for pathfinder testing with engineering models, and subsequently, flight article
testing.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

James Webb Space Telescope

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-11

JWST

Provide the next generation space telescope to observe
the first stars and galaxies; determine the shape and fate
of the Universe.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-96 Apr-99

Aug-06
Aug-11
Mar-12

Aug-11
Feb-17
Feb-18

Form Apr-99 Jul-06

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

In order to provide the resolution and sensitivity required by science investigations, JWST's main optic
is 6.5 meters in diameter, and the telescope assembly and scientific instruments must operate at
minus 365 degrees Fahrenheit. A tennis court-sized shield shades these components from the Sun,
Earth, and Moon, allowing them to radiate their heat to the extreme temperatures of deep space and
thereby become very cold themselves. Since the telescope's main optic and the sunshade are too
large to fit into the nose cone of any practical rocket, they must be folded up for launch. Once in
space, they will unfurl into their operational configuration. JWST will orbit the Sun in tandem with the
Earth, around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 2 (L2), which is ideally suited for the observatory's mission.

Technical Description

The European Space Agency is providing science instrumentation--the near-infrared spectrograph
and the optical bench assembly for the mid-infrared instrument--as well as operations support. A
launch vehicle and launch services have also been proposed.

The Canadian Space Agency is providing the fine guidance sensor for guiding the pointing of the
telescope, as well as operations support.

Key Participants

The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is developing the science and operations center
and associated services. STScI was selected by the NASA Administrator.

The University of Arizona, Tucson, is providing the primary near-infrared science camera. The
selection was made via a NASA Announcement of Opportunity.

JWST is being built by Northrop Grumman Space Technology, teamed with Ball, Kodak and
Alliant Techsystems. Selections were made via a NASA Request for Proposal.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

GSFC is responsible for JWST project management. NASA and GSFC Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

None.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

James Webb Space Telescope

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-13

Since 1990, the HST has used its pointing precision, powerful
optics, and state-of-the-art instruments to explore the visible,
ultraviolet and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum. Until such time that Hubble is no longer able to carry
out its scientific mission, the observatory will continue to
investigate the formation, structure, and evolution of stars and
galaxies, studying the history of the universe, and providing a
space-based research facility for optical astronomy.

Hubble development funding supports a suite of life extension
activities, which will maximize science return as the telescope's
capabilities degrade over time. In addition, a robotic spacecraft is
under development to be launched on an expendable launch
vehicle, rendezvous with HST, and safely deorbit the observatory
at the end of its useful science life. While this development
activity is underway, modification and upkeep of ground
operations systems will continue.

For more information, please see:
http://hubble.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php

Hubble Space Telescope in Space

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

242.5

215.7

190.7

218.3

143.2

170.2

95.0

Hubble Space Telescope

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The HST program will continue operations and observatory life extension efforts, while work is
conducted on the robotic deorbit mission. The timing and content of the deorbit mission will be a result
of activities conducted in 2005.

Plans For FY 2006

GSFC is responsible for HST project management. The NASA and GSFC Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Life extension activities: 2-gyro pointing to be available in early 2005; 1-gyro ops mode may be
possible; battery testing on the flight battery test bed; and other ops and science planning.

The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph had a failure in the power supply late in 2005 and is
no longer operational. Therefore, HST has no high quality spectroscopic capability.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Hubble Space Telescope

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-14

HST Deorbit

Schedule to be determined in greater detail during 2005. Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

HST Operations

Investigate formation, structure & evolution of stars and
galaxies, & study the history of the universe in the
visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-90
Apr-90

Sep-10
Sep-12

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Armed with a 2.4-meter primary mirror, the Hubble Space Telescope operates in wavelengths from the
near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. The observatory was designed to be serviced and upgraded by
astronauts, and four servicing missions have been carried out since its launch in 1990. Most recently,
in 2002, the shuttle crew installed the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and a cryo-cooler that
brought the ailing Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) back to life. These
instruments continue to allow HST to provide high quality astronomical data for several more years,
after which the observatory will be decommissioned.

Technical Description

RISK: It is possible that development of rendezvous and docking capability will not be successful.
MITIGATION: Alternate technology development plans and activities will be underway or in
waiting until the missions succeed or fail. NASA is supporting efforts at the Department of
Defense to demonstrate this technology prior to flight.

Risk Management

The European Space Agency (ESA) has provided instruments, solar panels and other elements of
the telescope. They also play a role in operation of the telescope with a contingent at Space
Telescope Science Institute. There is also a data center in Europe to support European
observers.

The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, MD is responsible for operation of the
telescope.

Key Participants

The acquisition strategy for development and procurement of the deorbit capability will be
determined during 2005.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Hubble Space Telescope

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-15

SOFIA is an astronomical observatory consisting of a 2.5-meter
aperture telescope permanently installed in a specially modified
Boeing 747 aircraft. The aircraft, with its open-port telescope
provided through a partnership with the German Aerospace
Center (DLR), will provide routine access to nearly all of the
visual, infrared, far-infrared, and sub-millimeter parts of the
spectrum. It will operate from Moffett Federal Airfield in northern
California as well as from deployment sites in the southern
hemisphere and elsewhere, as dictated by its astronomical
targets. SOFIA will serve as a training ground for the next
generations of instrument builders well into the 21st century,
while producing new instrumentation important to NASA's future
space observatories. SOFIA will have an active Education and
Public Outreach program, which will include flying educators as
well as astronomers.

The SOFIA program extends the range of astrophysical
observations significantly beyond those of previous infrared
airborne observatories through increases in sensitivity and
angular resolution. SOFIA will be used to study many different
kinds of astronomical objects and phenomena, including: star
birth and death; solar system formation; complex molecules in
space; planets, comets, and asteroids in the solar system;
nebulae and dust in galaxies; and black holes at the centers of
galaxies.

For more information, please see: http://sofia.arc.nasa.gov/

SOFIA 747 in flight in 1997. Blackout line
behind wing is where telescope and door
have since been installed.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

66.9

50.9

48.3

57.1

59.4

60.2

60.4

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy (SOFIA)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The program should complete the "airworthiness" portion of the flight test phase, namely, those flights
necessary to demonstrate that the modified 747's flight characteristics are as expected under various
conditions. Also, the Observatory Performance Testing portion of the flight test phase, to demonstrate
the operation of the telescope in observing conditions, will be conducted. NASA will work toward
completing flight testing in order to reach the milestone of an Operational Readiness Review by
August 2006. If NASA can accomplish this, science operations could potentially begin before the end
of 2006.

Plans For FY 2006

NASA, rather than the Universities Space Research Association (USRA), will directly manage the
aircraft maintenance and operations.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-16

SOFIA

Launch

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Mar-96

Sep-06
Sep-06

Aug-06

Oct-21
Oct-21

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The SOFIA observatory is a highly-modified 747SP aircraft with a large open-port cavity aft of the
wings, housing a 2.5-meter telescope optimized for infrared/sub-millimeter wavelength astronomy. The
SOFIA Science and Mission Operations Center houses facility-class science instruments, principal
investigator labs, data archives, science/mission planning systems, the main hangar, and supporting
equipment to provide operations at a sustained rate of ~160 flights (960 science hours) per year.
Additional science instruments provided under NASA grants are housed at separate institutions.

Technical Description

RISK: Observatory performance could fail to meet requirements due to worse than expected
cavity environment. The likelihood of this occurring is low to moderate. MITIGATION: For the
various aspects of performance (telescope pointing and image quality) that could affect SOFIA
once it is conducting science operations, potential corrective measures have been analyzed.
Specific mitigation techniques would be applied following characterizations during the flight test
phase and early science operations if performance is inadequate.

RISK: The efforts necessary to complete FAA certification requirements for safe flight may impact
project cost and schedule. MITIGATION: NASA's project team is working closely with the FAA
to complete requirements in as timely and cost-effective manner as possible.

Risk Management

Universities Space Research Association (USRA) is serving as prime contractor for aircraft
modifications, operations center, and aspects of the first five years of operations.

L3 Communications is USRA's major sub-contractor for aircraft modifications.

The DLR is providing the telescope assembly and support during operations in exchange for 20
percent of science observation time.

Key Participants

A call for proposals will be issued annually for observing time.

Competitions to procure new instruments will be conducted as needed.

The DLR is providing telescope assembly and support during science operations.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

ARC - SOFIA project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and ARC Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-1

A collaboration with the Department of Energy, France, Italy,
Sweden, Japan, and Germany, the Gamma-ray Large Area
Space Telescope (GLAST) will improve researchers'
understanding of the structure of the universe, from its earliest
beginnings to its ultimate fate. By measuring the direction,
energy, and arrival time of celestial high-energy gamma rays,
GLAST will map the sky with 50 times the sensitivity of previous
missions, with corresponding improvements in resolution and
coverage. Yielding new insights into the sources of high-energy
cosmic gamma rays, GLAST will reveal the nature of
astrophysical jets and relativistic flows and study the sources of
gamma-ray bursts.

GLAST will also provide a new tool for studying how black holes,
notorious for pulling matter in, can accelerate jets of gas outward
at fantastic speeds. Physicists will be able to observe the effects
of subatomic particles at energies far greater than those seen in
ground-based particle accelerators and will also gain insights into
the puzzling question of how energetic gamma rays are produced
in the magnetosphere of spinning neutron stars. Perhaps the
biggest return will come from understanding the nature of the
high-energy gamma-ray sources that have escaped correlation at
other wavelengths and constitute the unidentified bulk of nearly
300 known high-energy sources.

For more information, please see http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Artist's conception of the GLAST
observatory.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

102.7

107.0

99.4

66.8

24.0

19.3

25.8

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope
(GLAST)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) and GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) instruments are scheduled to
complete their stand-alone instrument level Integration and Test (I&T) phases, and be integrated with
the spacecraft bus. After integration, the entire observatory will start observatory-level I&T, including
vibration and environmental testing. The ground system hardware and software will be completed
during this fiscal year and exercised against the observatory during I&T. Payload processing and
launch vehicle integration planning and preparations are scheduled for completion.

Plans For FY 2006

GSFC - GLAST project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and GSFC Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

Mission Critical Design Review was delayed due to the rebaseline of the LAT and withdrawal of
international partners.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-1

GLAST

Study the high energy gamma rays from natural particle
accelerators throughout the universe.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-98 Dec-99

Dec-03

May-07

Jul-07

May-07
May-12

Jul-12

Form Dec-99 Dec-03

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The primary instrument on GLAST is the LAT, which will collect high-energy cosmic gamma rays with
a 50-fold improvement in sensitivity over previous missions. During its planned primary mission of five
years in Earth orbit, the telescope will both scan the sky and point at individual objects. The secondary
instrument is the GBM, which will detect gamma-ray bursts and immediately send their locations to the
ground to alert astronomers to make follow-up observations. Like the LAT, the GBM also has better
sensitivity and spatial resolution than its predecessors.

Technical Description

Italy is responsible for assembly of the LAT tracker towers, which form the track imaging system,
as well as additional hardware used in the towers. Japan and Italy are providing a portion of LAT
silicon strip detectors and science support; France is also providing science support.

The Naval Research Laboratory, which assembles the Calorimeter for the LAT, environmentally
tests the integrated instrument and provides science support.

Large Area Telescope development and instrument integration is managed by the Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center, a Department of Energy-funded laboratory located on the Stanford University
Campus.

Stanford University is the home institution of the principal investigator of the LAT, and they are
also providing science support.

Key Participants

The primary instrument (LAT) at Stanford University and the secondary instrument (GBM) at
MSFC were selected through an Announcement of Opportunity competitive selection in 2000.

The GSFC Science Support Center will support Guest Observers (GO) and manage annual
solicitation for GOs. GSFC Mission Operations Center personnel are provided by contractor set
aside procurement.

Spacecraft contractor is General Dynamics/Spectrum Astro, acquired via a blanket procurement
through GSFC's Rapid Spacecraft Development Office.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

The Kepler spacecraft will be launched into an Earth-trailing, heliocentric orbit similar to that of the
Spitzer Space Telescope. Following a 30-day period during which the photometer and spacecraft are
characterized, Kepler begins acquiring its scientific data by continuously and simultaneously observing
over 100,000 target stars. It is expected that "hot Jupiters" (giant gas planets) in short period orbits
will be identified after the first month of observation.

Technical Description

In space exploration, the possibilities for discovery are without
limits. Even with the vast amount of knowledge gained since
exploration of the solar system began, there are still more
questions than answers. NASA's Discovery program gives
scientists the opportunity to dig deep into their imaginations and
find innovative ways to unlock the mysteries of the solar system.
It represents a breakthrough in the way NASA explores space,
with lower-cost, highly focused planetary science investigations
designed to enhance our understanding of the solar system. All
completed Discovery missions have achieved ground-breaking
science within cost and schedule limitations, each taking a unique
approach to space exploration. Discovery is an ongoing program
that offers the scientific community the opportunity to assemble a
team and design exciting, focused science investigations that
complement NASA's larger planetary science explorations.

Kepler, a Discovery project supporting the Universe Theme, is
currently in formulation phase.

With the exception of Kepler, all the other Discovery missions
(both selected and future missions) fall under the Solar System
Exploration Theme responsibility. Please refer to the Solar
System Theme, Discovery Program, for detail information.

Artist's impression of Discovery mission
focus

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

50.8

125.5

117.9

76.5

16.8

13.6

14.5

Discovery

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Please refer to the Solar System Theme, Discovery Program, for detail information.

Plans For FY 2006

Discovery program management is delegated to Marshall Space Flight Center. Scientific mission
priorities and assignment responsibilities reside HQ.

Program Management

Please refer to the Solar System Theme, Discovery Program, for detail information.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Discovery

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

The Explorer program provides frequent flight opportunities for
world-class astrophysics and space physics investigations,
utilizing innovative, streamlined and efficient management
approaches to spacecraft development and operations. The
program (including Future Explorers) is managed within the Earth
-Sun Theme, but selected projects are managed under the
Universe Theme. The program emphasizes missions that can be
accomplished under the control of the scientific research
community and seeks to control total mission life-cycle costs. The
program also seeks to enhance public awareness of, and
appreciation for, space science and to incorporate educational
and public outreach activities.

The Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX) project provides flight
opportunities for focused science missions. MIDEX
investigations are characterized by the definition, development,
launch service, and mission operations and data analysis costs
set with each Announcement of Opportunity (AO). The Small
Explorer (SMEX) project provides frequent flight opportunities for
highly focused and relatively inexpensive missions. SMEX
investigations are characterized by the definition, development,
launch service, and mission operations and data analysis costs
set within each AO. Mission of opportunity (MO) space flights,
conducted on a no-exchange-of-funds basis, are flown as part of
a non-NASA space mission.

Explorer projects in the Universe Theme include the Widefield
Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and others in various stages
(see technical description).

Link to the Explorers program homepage for information.
http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions

NASA's Swift spacecraft lifts off from
Complex 17A, Cape Canaveral Air Force
Station aboard a Boeing Delta II ELV.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

58.4

82.0

100.8

76.1

59.4

11.7

9.5

Explorer

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

During FY 2006, spacecraft fabrication will be completed in preparation for integration and testing.
Payload development activity will also enter the integration and test phase, including the scan mirror,
focal planes, imaging optics, telescope, elsctronics and cryostat.

Plans For FY 2006

The Explorer program is a multiple-project program with program responsibility assigned to GSFC.

Program Management

Program:

Explorer

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

WISE

Map sky in infrared light.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-05

Aug-08

Jul-10

Form Apr-02 Jul-05

Swift

Study the position, brightness, and physical properties of
gamma ray bursts.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-01
Feb-05

Feb-05

Jan-07

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Explorer program MIDEX and SMEX mission strategies can be found in the Earth-Sun System
Explorer program technical description.

WISE, a super-cooled infrared telescope designed to survey the entire sky with 1,000 times more
sensitivity than previous infrared missions, will study asteroids, the coolest and dimmest stars, and the
most luminous galaxies.

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) is an instrument for ESA to study the most
energetic particles in the universe. It is a mission of opportunity.

Astro-E2, Japan's fifth X-ray astronomy mission, is being developed at the Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in collaboration with NASA.

The SWIFT mission, launched in 2004, is dedicated to studying gamma-ray bursts

Technical Description

Industry, academia, other government agencies, international partners.

Key Participants

Investigations are selected through the AO process, where multiple investigations are selected for
initial concept studies with a competitive down-select to proceed to the next stage of formulation.

Investigations will be selected to proceed from one phase to the next through execution of contract
options, based on successful technical, cost, and schedule performance in the previous phases.

Explorer program has established an acquisition strategy that contracts for whole mission
(concept through delivery of the science data/analysis). Emphasis will be placed on performance
incentives.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Explorer

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

For thousands of years, people have gazed at the stars, given
them names, and observed their changes. Though NASA has
only recently joined the ancient pursuit of knowledge of the
cosmos, forty years of space science has yielded such
astronomical advances as full-sky mapping of the oldest light in
the universe, and discovering that dark energy is accelerating the
universe's expansion. Yet many important and perplexing puzzles
remain to be solved: How did the universe begin? Where did we
come from? Are we alone?

The Universe Theme's Research program strives to answer
these questions with a host of operating missions led by
investigators from academia and industry, as well as funding
grants for basic research, technology development, and data
analysis from past and current missions. All data collected by
missions are archived in data centers located at universities and
NASA centers throughout the country.

For information on current operating missions, go to:
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/universe.html

Spitzer Space Telescope multiple infrared
views of spiral galaxy Messier 81.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

363.1

331.6

315.7

311.5

309.2

302.8

296.4

Universe Research

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Universe Research Program will continue to maintain and provide missionn data to scientists and
researchers, including new data from operating missions. Gravity Probe-B will complete its
measurements to investigate two extraordinary predictions of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity:
how space and time are warped by the presence of Earth (the geodetic effect), and how Earth's
rotation drags space-time around with it ("frame-dragging"). Swift will pinpoint 300 gamma ray bursts
(GRBs) a year and provide unprecedented information on the position, brightness, and physical
properties of these powerful cosmic explosions. Astro-E2, a Japan/U.S. collaboration with a launch
scheduled for summer 2005, will perform extremely high resolution X-ray spectroscopy of stars,
galaxies, and black holes. Chandra, NASA's X-ray Great Observatory, will continue to perform
detailed studies of black holes, supernovas, and dark matter to increase our understanding of the
origin, evolution, and destiny of the universe. Spitzer Space Telescope, the largest infrared telescope
ever launched into space and NASA's newest Great Observatory, will complete its second year using
its state-of-the-art infrared detectors to pierce the dusty darkness enshrouding galaxies, stars, and
planet-forming disks around stars.

In January 2005, the Science Mission Directorate will issue the ROSES-05 (Research Opportunities in
Space and Earth Science) Omnibus NRA covering all of the planned research solicitations in Earth-
Sun System and Space Science for 2005. The ROSES-05 NRA describes the research goals in
detail. The FY2006 budget will fund the proposed activities competitively selected.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Universe Research

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

Swift

Study the position, brightness, and physical properties of
gamma ray bursts.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Nov-04

Apr-05

Nov-04

Jan-07

Sep-07

Form

GP-B

Verify certain extraordinary predictions of Einstein's
Theory of General Relativity.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-04

Aug-04

Apr-04

Jul-05

Sep-06

Form

Spitzer

Study the formation of stars, galaxies, and planets via
spectroscopy, high-sensitivity photometry, and imaging.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Aug-03

Oct-03

May-06

Sep-07

Form

GALEX

Explore the origin and evolution of galaxies and the
origins of stars and heavy elements.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-03
Jun-03

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

CHIPS

Study the "Local Bubble" of hot gas surrounding the
solar system.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jan-03

Apr-03

Sep-05
Sep-05

Form

INTEGRAL

Unravel the secrets of the highest-energy, most violent
phenomena in the universe.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-02

Dec-02

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

WMAP

Probe the early universe by measuring the cosmic
microwave background radiation over the full sky.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-01

Oct-01

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

HETE-2

Carry out a multiwavelength study of gamma ray bursts
with ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray instruments.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-00

Feb-01

Sep-05
Mar-06

Form

XMM

Conduct sensitive x-ray spectroscopic observations of a
wide variety of cosmic sources.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-99

Jun-00

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

Chandra

Explore the hot, turbulent regions in space with images
25 times sharper than previous x-ray
pictures.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-99

Oct-99

Jul-09
Jul-10

Form

FUSE

Study physical processes governing the evolution of
galaxies as well as the origin and evolution
of stars and planetary systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-99

Dec-99

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

RXTE

Observe the high-energy worlds of black holes, neutron
stars, x-ray pulsars, and bursts.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-95

Mar-96

Feb-07
Sep-07

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

Program:

Universe Research

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-2

Astro-E2

Study black holes, neutron stars and quasars to unravel
the physics high-energy processes and the behavior of
matter under extreme conditions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

May-05

Dec-05

Apr-05

Sep-08
Sep-09

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: There is a low to moderate likelihood of loss of pointing and control functions on the
spacecraft. MITIGATION: NASA incorporates a rigorous personnel training program for early
detection and recovery from operational anomalies.

Risk Management

Multiple international agreements are in place for operating missions.

Staff at many universities across the Nation propose and win grants to participate in the Universe
Theme operational missions as principal investigators for observation and data analysis, as well
as in the Universe Research program.

SAO operates Chandra.

Key Participants

The prime contractor for Chandra operations is the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO)
in Cambridge, MA. The contract for Chandra was renewed in 2003 for a period of five years.

Lockheed Martin in Bethesda, MD maintains the servicing contract for Hubble Space Telescope
and some mission operation servicing for Spitzer Space Telescope.

Orbital Sciences provides operational support for GALEX; Northrop Grumman provides technical
support for Chandra; operational support contracts exist with six major universities across the
Nation.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Universe Research

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-

Herschel and Planck, two projects in the International Space
Science Collaboration (SSC) Program, are European Space
Agency (ESA)-led missions. They will be launched together on an
Ariane-5 and then separate while being injected into their transfer
orbits. The spacecraft will then proceed independently to their
operational orbits.

Herschel has been designed to unveil a face of the early universe
that has remained hidden until now. Thanks to its ability to detect
radiation at far-infrared and sub-millimeter wavelengths, Herschel
will observe dust obscured and cold objects that are invisible to
other telescopes. Targets for Herschel will include clouds of gas
and dust where new stars are being born, disks out of which
planets may form, and cometary atmospheres packed with
complex organic molecules. Herschel's major challenge will be
discovering how the first galaxies formed and how they evolved
to give rise to present day galaxies as our own. NASA is
participating in two of the three instruments.

For more information go to: http://sci.esa.int/science-
e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=16

For more information, see http://sci.esa.int/science-
e/www/area/index.cfm?fareai

Herschel's Primary Mirror

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

31.9

13.3

13.0

22.2

39.8

38.4

34.1

International Space Science Collaboration

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NASA will continue to support instrument integration and testing for Herschel and Planck in Europe.

Plans For FY 2006

Technical difficulties in the development of flight hardware for Herschel resulted in cost increases.

In 2004, ESA announced a six-month launch delay, which is reflected in Herschel and Planck out-
year budgets.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-3

Planck

Analyze remnants of the cosmic microwave background. Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-01

Aug-07

Feb-08

Jul-07

Feb-09
Feb-10

Form Sep-97 Sep-01

Herschel

Help solve the mystery of how stars and galaxies were
born.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-01

Aug-07

Feb-08

Jul-07

Aug-11
Feb-13

Form Sep-97 Sep-01

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Herschel will be the first observatory to cover the full far-infrared and sub-millimeter waveband and its
telescope will have the largest mirror ever deployed in space. It will be 1.5 million km away from
Earth. A 3.5 meter mirror will collect light from distant and poorly known objects millions of light years
away and focus it onto 3 instruments with detectors kept at temperatures close to absolute zero.
Planck will collect and characterize radiation from the CMB using sensitive radio receivers operating at
very low temperatures. The receivers will determine the black body equivalent temperature of the
background radiation and be capable of distinguishing temperature variations of about one
microkelvin. The measurements produce the best ever maps of aniosotopies in CMB radiation field.

Technical Description

RISK: It is possible that flight hardware will be damaged during integration and testing prior to
launch. MITIGATION: NASA is building spare components for the critical pieces of the flight
hardware.

RISK: Potential launch delays due to ESA spacecraft and instrument schedule issues.
MITIGATION: NASA will deliver U.S.-developed hardware (instrument components) as soon as
flight units have been built and tested.

Risk Management

Herschel and Planck are ESA missions. NASA is providing critical components and technologies
to this mission.

Key Participants

Herschel and Planck are ESA missions. NASA is providing critical components and technologies
to this mission.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

JPL is responsible for Herschel and Planck project management. NASA and JPL's Program
Management Council have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-3

In attempting to understand & explain the universe, Albert
Einstein devised several theories along with his Theory of
General Relativity. Some fantastic predictions flow from these
theories: the Big Bang, black holes, and the existence of a "dark
energy" currently blowing the universe apart. However, Einstein's
theories only predict these things, they do not really explain them.
To find answers, scientists have to move beyond theory; they
must employ new techniques, and launch missions to observe
the universe in new and advanced ways. They must test and
validate these new theories and enjoin heretofore separate fields
like astronomy and particle physics.

Beyond Einstein (BE) flagship missions are the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) & Constellation-X (Con-X).
LISA, a joint effort NASA/ESA effort, will be the first space-based
gravitational wave observatory. LISA will study the death spirals
of stars, colliding black holes, and echoes from the universe all
the way back to the Big Bang. Con-X will be a combination of
several separate spacecraft working in unison as 1 giant X-ray
telescope far more powerful than any previous. Con-X will
investigate black holes, galaxy formation, the evolution of the
universe on the largest scales, the recycling of matter and
energy, and the nature of "dark matter." BE will eventually
include three Einstein Probe missions: 1)Dark Energy Probe, to
study the nature of dark energy that dominates the universe; 2)
Black Hole Finder Probe, to survey the universe for black holes;
and 3)Inflation Probe, to search for the imprint of gravitational
waves from inflation in the polarization of the CMB.

http://universe.nasa.gov

Albert Einstein's theories allow for
predictions...but not answers!

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

26.9

41.8

55.5

83.9

164.5

219.6

247.4

Beyond Einstein

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Beyond Einstein

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-3

LISA will have three spacecraft flying 5 million kilometers apart in a triangular formation, orbiting the
Sun in an Earth-trailing orbit with each carrying pairs of cubic reference masses. Disturbance reduction
technology is used to isolate the reference masses and laser interferometry technology is used to
measure the relative positions of the reference masses aboard each spacecraft.

Con-X will have four nearly identical spacecraft, each carrying a 1.6-meter telescope comprised of
advanced X-ray telescope optics and instruments to analyze X-ray emissions from some of the most
violent and bizarre events occurring in the universe.

Technical Description

The focus in 2006 will be progressive concept and technology development on LISA and Con-X.
NASA will also proceed with advanced studies on the Einstein Probes, particularly the Dark Energy
Probe, also known as the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM, a joint activity of NASA and DoE).

The first priority of formulation is to develop the technologies required to enable the missions in the
program. Only after a significant amount of technology advancement toward each mission's
requirements is accomplished can the full spectrum of design challenges and detailed costs and
schedules be determined. Therefore, significant technology development efforts will be in full swing in
2006, particularly for the LISA mission.

Aside from managing its own technology developments, the LISA mission is leveraging the Space
Technology-7 (ST-7) mission under the separate New Millenium program. The ST-7 program is
developing the crucial disturbance reduction system technology for application to future missions,
among them LISA. ST-7 is not a separate spacecraft but rather a payload flying on the ESA/LISA
Pathfinder mission. LISA will advance working relationships between NASA and ESA via collaboration
on the LISA Pathfinder mission.

Plans For FY 2006

GSFC - BE project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and GSFC Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

International roles and responsibilities were tentatively established by NASA and ESA for the LISA
mission, enabling further mission definition and planning to proceed.

Beyond Einstein Formulation Authorization Document signed on October 1, 2004.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Beyond Einstein

The Universe

Theme:

SAE 3-3

Constellation-X

Con-X is currently in pre-formulation. A schedule for
development, operations and research is being
determined. Goal is to launch sometime within the next
decade.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-00 Oct-06

Form Oct-06 Oct-11

LISA

LISA recently went into formulation. Schedule for
development, operations and research will be
determined during this time. Goal is to launch sometime
within the next decade.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-00 Sep-04

Mar-09 Sep-13

Form Oct-04 Mar-09

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Technology readiness schedule: LISA requires disturbance reduction technology and ultra-
precision laser interferometry technology; Con-X is working on lightweight, low-cost, high-rate
production of precision X-ray optics. It is possible that delays will occur, especially if these never-
before-achieved technologies do not mature as quickly as expected. MITIGATION: NASA is
executing plans to develop key enabling technologies. Plans include progress criteria and
milestones that will enable NASA to measure progress and ensure adequate technology maturity
in time for design, build and launch.

RISK: The Joint Dark Energy Mission has risks associated with funding and decision-making at
DoE that are outside of NASA's control. MITIGATION: NASA is establishing agreements
between agencies early to clarify roles and responsibilities.

RISK: LISA has risks associated with funding and decision-making at ESA that are outside of
NASA's control, as well as significant risk associated with management of, and compliance with,
export controls (ITAR). It is likely that these issues will surface. MITIGATION: NASA is
establishing agreements between agencies early to clarify roles and responsibilities.

Risk Management

There is a planned partnership with the Department of Energy on the Einstein Probes Dark
Energy mission.

LISA is an international partnership with ESA, currently operating under a Letter of Agreement.

Con-X partnerships are yet to be determined.

Key Participants

Beyond Einstein will acquire goods and services through competitive procurements.
Implementation details are being developed as part of mission formulation activities.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Beyond Einstein

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-1

Earth-Sun System spacecraft in operation.

E arth -S u n S ystem

FY 2006 PRES BUD

2,338.6

2,155.8

2,063.6

2,081.2

2,132.1

2,359.0

2,324.8

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-30.0

-75.5

-107.4

-74.0

-169.2

-165.8

Earth-Sun System

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

We live in the extended atmosphere of an active star. Life on Earth's biosphere prospers through a
climate powered by energy from the Sun which is moderated by water and carbon cycles. We are
protected from the harshness of space by Earth's enveloping magnetic field and an atmosphere. The
Earth-Sun System (ESS) Theme is comprised of research programs to understand how the Earth
system is changing, to probe the connections between the Sun, Earth and the rest of the solar system,
and to discern the consequences for life on Earth. Working with the Agency's domestic and
international partners, NASA provides accurate, objective scientific data and analyses to advance
understanding of Earth-Sun system processes and phenomena. This advanced understanding
enables improved prediction and response capabilities for climate, weather, natural hazards, and even
human-induced disasters. NASA is exploiting and expanding a constellation of over 28 Earth-Sun
observing satellites routinely making measurements with over 100 remote sensing instruments.

NASA has defined two strategic objectives within the Earth-Sun System Theme: (1) conduct a
program of research and technology development to advance Earth observation from space, improve
scientific understanding, and demonstrate new technologies with the potential to improve future
operational systems; and (2) explore the Sun's connection to the Solar System to understand the Sun
and its effects on Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be
experienced by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies with the potential to improve future
operational systems.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Earth-Sun System Theme

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Ready Solar Dynamics Observatory and NPP for launch.

Launch STEREO.

Retrieve/distribute scientific data from Cloudsat and Calipso.

Continue development of Orbiting Carbon Observatory and Aquarius.

GRACE mapped changes in water content of underground aquifers.

SOHO measured the most powerful coronal mass ejections ever recorded.

The Aura launch completed the first series of Earth Observing System satellites.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The ESS Theme supports NASA's mission to understand and protect Earth by increasing
understanding and enabling prediction of global change and solar variability. It also supports
exploration of the universe and search for life by helping understand the space environment through
which spacecraft and humans will travel.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

The ESS Theme increases public awareness and understanding of the impacts of global change and
solar variability and enables the use of science information in teaching and learning at all levels of
education. Through the ESS Theme, NASA seeks to increase science literacy and focus attention on
the dynamic Earth and the active Sun, thereby making new scientific knowledge available for use in
everyday decisions by the public, businesses, and governments in those areas influenced by
environmental changes. Nasa's partnership with educational and service-provider organizations
shares the discoveries and knowledge from NASA Earth-Sun missions and research programs to
make this new knowledge available to the Nation. The ESS Theme has significant science results to
share with the public. The public is informed through news releases highlighting Earth- and solar-
related events, dynamic media delivery bringing the excitement of ESS science and research to the
public, documentaries, innovative planetarium shows, exhibits at museums and science centers, and
content-rich Web sites.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Earth-Sun System work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The ESS Theme contributes to three Presidential initiatives: Climate Change Research, Global Earth
Observation, and the Vision for Space Exploration. NASA is on the verge of establishing predictive
capabilities for the Earth-Sun system that will enable advanced assessments of the causes and
consequences of global change and solar variability. NASA is working with partner organizations to
apply NASA's science results to help improve the Nation's observational and forecasting systems.
These improvements will enhance scientists' ability to manage coastal environments, agriculture and
water resources, and aviation safety; monitor air and water quality, forest fires, and the impacts of
infectious diseases and invasive species; and conduct hurricane forecasting and disaster relief efforts.
In addition, space weather effects may modify the ozone layer, change the propagation of radio and
radar signals in and through the ionosphere, disturb navigation, communication, and energy
transmission systems on Earth, and produce significant effects on any spacecraft or person outside
the atmosphere. Increasing our understanding of Earth and solar variability will improve quality of life,
enhance economic stewardship, lower the risk of failure or degraded performance of exploration
missions, and enhance U.S. industry's competitiveness in the global marketplace.

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-3

6ESS16 Successfully launch the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO).

6ESS8 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the capability to predict solar activity and
the evolution of solar disturbances as they propagate in the heliosphere and affect the Earth.
Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

15.1 Develop the capability to predict solar activity and the evolution of solar disturbances as they
propagate in the heliosphere and affect Earth.

15. Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on Earth, the solar
system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers,
and demonstrate technologies that can improve future operational systems.

6ESS21 Benchmark the assimilation of observations and products in decision support systems
serving applications of national priority. Progress will be evaluated by the Committee on
Environmental and National Resources.

6ESS7 Demonstrate progress that NASA-developed data sets, technologies and models enhance
understanding of the Earth system leading to improved predictive capability in each of the six
science focus area roadmaps. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
review.

14.4 Use space-based observations to improve understanding and prediction of Earth system
variability and change for climate, weather, and natural hazards.

6ESS6 Improve level of customer satisfaction as measured by a baselined index obtained through
the use of annual surveys.

6ESS5 Increase the number of distinct users of NASA data and services.

14.3 Develop and implement an information systems architecture that facilitates distribution and use
of Earth science data.

6ESS23 Complete Operational Readiness Review for the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP).

6ESS22 Complete Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Confirmation Review.

6ESS4 Mature two to three technologies to the point they can be demonstrated in space or in an
operational environment and annually advance 25% of funded technology developments one
Technology Readiness level (TRL).

6ESS3 Keep 90% of the total on-orbit instrument complement functional throughout the year.

14.2 Develop and deploy advanced observing capabilities to help resolve key Earth system science
questions.

6ESS20 Systematically continue to transfer research results from spacecraft, instruments, data
protocols, and models to NOAA and other operational agencies as appropriate.

6ESS1 For current observations, reduce the cost of acquiring and distributing the data stream to
facilitate adoption by the operational community.

14.1 Transfer 30 percent of NASA developed research results and observations to operational
agencies.

14. Advance scientific knowledge of the Earth system through space-based observation,
assimilation of new observations, and development and deployment of enabling technologies,
systems, and capabilities including those with the potential to improve future operational
systems.

Earth-Sun System Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-4

6ESS27 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due
date to selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

6ESS26 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6ESS25 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research
facilities.

6ESS24 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6ESS15 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding coupling across multiple scale
lengths and its generality in plasma systems. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by
external expert review.

15.8 Understand coupling across multiple scale lengths and its generality in plasma systems.

6ESS14 Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how magnetic fields are created and
evolve and how charged particles are accelerated. Progress in achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

15.7 Discover how magnetic fields are created and evolve and how charged particles are
accelerated.

6ESS18 Initiate Geospace ITM (Ionospheric and Thermospheric Mapper) Phase A studies.

6ESS13 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the response of magnetospheres
and atmospheres to external and internal drivers. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated
by external expert review.

15.6 Understand the response of magnetospheres and atmospheres to external and internal drivers.

6ESS12 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the evolution of the heliosphere and its
interaction with the galaxy. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

15.5 Determine the evolution of the heliosphere and its interaction with the galaxy.

6ESS19 Publish Solar Sentinels Science Definition Team Report.

6ESS11 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the structure and dynamics of the
Sun and solar wind and the origins of solar variability. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

15.4 Understand the structure and dynamics of the Sun and solar wind and the origins of magnetic
variability.

6ESS17 Complete the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft structure and begin
Integration and Test (I&T).

6ESS10 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the role of solar variability in driving
space climate and global change in the Earth's atmosphere. Progress toward achieving outcomes
will be validated by external expert review.

15.3 Understand the role of solar variability in driving space climate and global change in Earth's
atmosphere.

6ESS9 Successfully demonstrate progress in specifying and enabling prediction of changes to the
Earth's radiation environment, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

15.2 Specify and enable prediction of changes to the Earth's radiation environment, ionosphere, and
upper atmosphere.

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-5

The Earth-Sun System Theme Director is Dr. Mary Cleave, Director, Earth-Sun System Division,
Science Mission Directorate.

Program Management

Earth Systematic Missions: Glory descope and NPP phase down to launch.
LWS: Geospace Missions staffing up.
Earth-Sun Research: GSFC building support and increase in Aura operations.
Earth System Pathfinders: OCO and Aquarius project ramp up.
STP: Ramp down of Stereo.
Multi-Mission Ops: Funding redistributed to operational projects.

Earth-Sun Technology

207.0

121.8

5.6

127.4

Education and Outreach

23.8

22.9

0.3

23.3

Applied Sciences

30.3

43.5

8.6

52.2

Earth-Sun Research

927.4

818.6

26.5

845.1

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

414.9

334.3

-66.0

268.3

Earth System Science Pathfinder

114.3

107.9

27.6

135.5

Explorer Program

128.7

103.6

13.5

117.1

Solar Terrestrial Probes

157.5

100.3

-21.5

78.8

Living with a Star

126.4

202.5

31.5

234.0

Earth Systematic Missions

208.3

300.5

-118.5

181.9

Earth-Sun System

2,338.6

2,155.8

-92.3

2,063.6

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

NASA Advisory Council (NAC) - Review science strategy and implementation strategy for Earth
-Sun Systems programs.

National Research Council - Decadal survey of effectiveness and quality of the Earth-Sun
Systems programs

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

OMB has not yet conducted a PART review of the newly formed Earth-Sun System Theme.

The previous Earth System Science Theme was subject to PART review and received a "moderately
effective" rating. The assessment found that this program has been successful in demonstrating the
use of remotely sensed data to improve our understanding of Earth's processes and that there remains
a need to demonstrate a clear methodology and rationale for prioritizing future missions and research.
A key opportunity to increase effectiveness lies in improving ability to exploit research results and
transition key data sets and technologies to other federal agencies.

The previous Sun-Earth Connection (SEC) Theme was also subject to PART review and was rated
"effective." The assessment found that SEC is a well-defined, well-managed program with clear
purpose and direct ties to NASA's mission. Furthermore, the assessment concluded that SEC
missions have the potential to provide basic understanding and monitoring of the Sun's impact on
human and robotic explorers in fulfillment of the Vision for Space Exploration.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-6

Earth Systematic Missions provide Earth observing satellites that
contribute to the provision of long-term environmental data sets
that can be used to study the evolution of the Earth system on a
range of temporal scales. This information is used to analyze,
model, and improve understanding of the Earth system. Data
gathered by these spacecraft will enable improved predictions of
climate, weather, and natural hazards. NASA works with the
science community to identify questions on the frontiers of
science that have profound societal importance, and to which
remote sensing of Earth can make a defining contribution. These
science questions become the foundation of a research strategy
that defines requirements for scientific observations from the
vantage point of space. Each science focus area has an
implementation roadmap that shows what role space-based
observations play in meeting overall science objectives. This
effort also provides capabilities that can be employed to predict
climate, weather, and natural hazards on planets we plan to
explore. This program supports Objective 14 and APGs
6ESS25,6ESS20,6ESS22, and 6ESS23.

For more information, please see
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/earth-sun.html

Earth Systematic Missions in Development

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

208.3

300.5

181.9

165.7

198.8

240.8

162.7

Earth Systematic Missions

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory
Project (NPP) will be going through the final stages of integration and testing of the instruments with
the spacecraft, and will be conducting major milestone reviews such as Mission Readiness Review
and Pre-Environmental Review. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will be in
implementation. The engineering effort will be developing critical design details based on preliminary
design specifications with a Critical Design Review as the major milestone review. The Global
Precipitation Mission (GPM) will be completing formulation. The engineering effort will be developing
preliminary design details based on top level system requirements with a Preliminary Design Review
major milestone review followed soon after by the Mission Confirmation Review (the review milestone
at which the project receives approval to begin implementation). The Ocean Surface Topography
Mission (OSTM) will be completing that part of the implementation phase where hardware and
software are developed and then enter into integration and testing.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-7

LDCM

Continue the global land cover data set with provision of
synoptic, repetitive multispectral, high-resolution, digital
imagery of Earth's land surfaces.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-06 Dec-08

Form Apr-02 Jul-06

Glory

Provide measurements that are critial in studies to
understand the Sun, its direct and indirect effect on the
Earth system, and its influence on humankind.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-05 Jan-08

Form Oct-03 May-05

OSTM

Measure sea surface height every ten days. Sea surface
topography has numerous applications important to
global environmental applications (e.g., predicting
hurricane intensification).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-05
Apr-08

Apr-08
Apr-11

Form Oct-04 Apr-05

GPM

Build upon the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
(TRMM) to initiate the measurement of global
precipitation, a key climate factor.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-06

Jul-10

Jun-10

Jul-13

Form Oct-04 Jan-06

NPP

Extend key environmental measurements in support of
long-term monitoring of climate trends and global
biological productivity.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Mar-00

Nov-06

Oct-06

Nov-11

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

NPP has 4 instruments and a 5 year mission life. It provides continuation of Earth Observing System
(EOS) global change observations, and risk reduction demonstration and validation for critical
NPOESS instruments. The two LDCM instruments each have a 7 year life, measures land use/cover
change for research and serves as a primary observation source for various interests of the United
States. GPM, which has 3 instruments and a 3 year mission life, provides a measurement of global
precipitation, improving understanding of the Earth's water cycle and capabilities for predicting climate
change, weather, natural disasters and water resources. OSTM, which has 6 instruments and a 3 year
mission life, provides measurement of sea surface height and is a bridge to an operational mission

Technical Description

Project Management: GSFC: NPP, LDCM, Glory, GPM; JPL: OSTM. The NASA and GSFC/JPL
Program Management Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Glory - Assumes instrument build only (requires flight opportunity.
GPM - Assumes NASA purchasing spacecraft from industry through the Rapid Spacecraft
Development Office

OSTM - Replan of Mission Confirmation Review by 8 months to April 2005 and launch to April
2008

The LDCM budget assumes NASA responsibility to provide two Operational Land Imager (OLI)
Instruments (the second OLI will be delivered 2 years after the first) for delivery to NPOESS

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-8

RISK: LDCM: If Landsat 7 ceases operation before Landsat Continuity Data Mission initial
operational capability, then a Landsat data gap will occur. This risk has a very high likelihood and
may cause major programmatic and cost impact (data from other sources may be required at
higher cost) to the Landsat data user community. MITIGATION: LDCM: NASA will work with
USGS and representatives from other affected groups to identify an approach, using existing and
near-term resources, that will lessen the impact of a loss of data.

RISK: NPP: If instruments are not delivered in accordance with agreed-upon dates, then serious
observatory integration and test delays may be realized. There is a very high likelihood that this
risk will cause cost increases and a schedule impact of 6 months. MITIGATION: NPP: The
NASA and NOAA/IPO team are working together to identify further work-arounds to minimize
schedule impacts.

Risk Management

CNES - provides spacecraft and 2 instruments for OSTM

JAXA - provides dual frequency precipitation radar (1 of the 3 instruments) and launch vehicle for
GPM

USGS - provides data processing/distribution and instrument control system for LDCM

NOAA/IPO - provides 3 of 4 instruments and ground system for NPP, and provides spacecraft and
ground system for LDCM

Key Participants

4 OSTM instruments: AMR, WSOA (optional) are JPL in-house builds. GPSP and LRA are full
and open competition

2 of the 3 GPM instruments, spacecraft and ground system: full and open competition

LDCM instruments: full and open competition

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-9

By putting a spacecraft network in place in time for the next solar maximum, in about 2011, SDO will
be able to investigate how the Sun's magnetic field is generated and how its energy is released into
the space. Geospace Missions (GM) examines how solar variability changes Earth's ionosphere and
radiation belts.

Technical Description

The Sun has a period of maximum activity about every 11 years
and short-term variability throughout its cycle that generates
increased amounts of emitted particles and radiation. The Sun's
activity couples with the heliosphere and planetary atmospheres
to form a dynamic system. Changes to this system, or space
weather/space climate, may induce climate shifts, modify the
ozone layer, change communications/radio/radar signals, and
produce effects on spacecraft or persons outside Earth's
atmosphere. The Living With a Star (LWS) program seeks to
understand how and why the Sun varies, how Earth and other
planets respond, and how the variability and response affect
humanity. Achieving these goals will enable a reliable space
weather prediction so undesirable space weather effects can be
accommodated or mitigated before they occur. LWS has a 3-part
systems approach: a network of research spacecraft, targeted
grants, and space weather effects investigations. Program
supports the following annual performance goals 6ESS8 and
6ESS10.

For more information, please see:
http://lws.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Living With a Star logo

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

126.4

202.5

234.0

241.0

225.3

292.0

294.8

Living with a Star

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Complete the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft structure and start integration and
testing.
Initiate the Geospace Mission Ionosphere-Thermosphere Mapper Phase A Studies.
Publish Solar Sentinels Science Definition Team report.

Plans For FY 2006

GSFC is the managing Center for the program, individual missions are implemented by GSFC or
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (JHU-APL).

Program Management

Start of Phase-A for Geospace Missions delayed one year.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Living with a Star

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-10

SDO

Investigate the Sun's magnetic field.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-04

May-08

Apr-08

Jul-13

Form Aug-02 Jul-04

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Non-NASA organizations providing components late to LWS project causing schedule
delays and cost increases. MITIGATION: Finalize inter-agency agreements that establish
overall policy and commitments for each partnership.

Risk Management

GSFC and JHU-APL -- providing project management

GSFC -- providing program management

Key Participants

SDO launch vehicle and SDO's HMI and EVE instrum. were selected through full and open
competition. SDO's AIA instrum. was a sole source contract w/LM, & the spacecraft is an in-house
build at GSFC.

Geospace Missions Phase-A studies were selected through full and open competition.

Project management will be delegated from NASA Headquarters using the JHU-APL sole-source
contract when GSFC is not the project implementer.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Living with a Star

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-11

The primary goal of the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Program
is to understand how the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary
environments are connected in a single system. To accomplish
this overarching goal, STP missions will investigate the physics of
the Sun from its interior through its atmosphere, the heliosphere
from its inner region near the Sun to its outer reaches, Earth's
magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind, and the
ionosphere and upper atmospheres of Earth. These studies,
which encompass the scientific disciplines of solar physics,
heliospheric physics, magnetospheric physics, and aeronomy
(the study of planetary upper atmospheres), will address
questions such as the variability of the Sun, the coupling of the
planets to these variations, and the interaction of the Sun and
solar system. Each STP mission will respond to at least one of
the following objectives: to understand the changing flow of
energy and matter throughout the Sun, heliosphere, and
planetary environments; to explore the fundamental physical
processes of plasma systems in the universe; and to define the
origins of solar variability and understand its role in driving space
weather. Program supports the following annual performance
goals 6ESS8 and 6ESS9.

For more information, please see:
http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/about.htm

Sun-Earth Connection

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

157.5

100.3

78.8

94.8

140.8

125.1

128.4

Solar Terrestrial Probes

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Launch STEREO mission (February 2006).
Launch Solar-B mission (September 2006).
Begin Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Phase-B (October 2005).

Plans For FY 2006

Program management responsibility for the STP Program has been delegated to Goddard Space
Flight Center.

Program Management

STEREO project rebaseline resulting from cost increases due to spacecraft and instruments
schedule slips (See STEREO project in Development section).

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-12

Solar-B

Measure the Sun's magnetic field and ultraviolet/x-ray
radiation.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Nov-00

Oct-06

Sep-06

Oct-10

Form Dec-98 Nov-00

STEREO

Understand the cause and consequences of coronal
mass ejections.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Mar-02
Mar-06

Feb-06
Mar-09

Form Nov-99 Feb-02

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

A Science Definition Team will define the technical performance required for each of the projects in the
STP program. These requirements become the basis for Announcement of Opportunity for the
acquisition of scientific instruments, and are ultimately documented in a project-unique Level 1
requirements document, which becomes an appendix to the program plan.

Technical Description

RISK: Solar-B Schedule Delay -- Japan may slip the Launch Readiness Date due to spacecraft
technical issues. Would increase total cost. MITIGATION: Continue to negotiate schedule
milestone with Japanese and monitor progress of schedules.

RISK: STEREO Observatory Schedule Erosion -- Continued schedule erosion would result in slip
of Launch Readiness Date and increase in total cost. MITIGATION: Schedule rework to
optimize parallel activities and work arounds. Closely monitor schedules.

Risk Management

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University - providing two spacecraft and mission
operations for STEREO mission.

Japan -- contributing spacecraft, launch vehicle, major elements of each scientific instrument, and
operations for the Solar-B mission.

Key Participants

Certain instruments, missions or mission systems may be acquired without competitions (e.g.,
through international partnerships), provided there is a clear scientific or technological benefit to
NASA.

Missions may be implemented in the "out-of-house," or "PI mode," where the entire mission is
acquired through full and open competition.

NASA will use full and open competitions to the greatest extent possible for the acquisition of
scientific instruments, spacecraft, and science investigations (including research & analysis).

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-13

The mission of the Explorer program is to provide frequent flight
opportunities for world-class astrophysics and space physics
investigations, utilizing innovative, streamlined and efficient
management approaches to spacecraft development and
operations. The Explorer program is composed of a long-term
series of space science missions that are independent, but share
a common funding and management structure. The program
emphasizes missions that can be accomplished under the control
of the scientific research community and seeks to control total
mission life-cycle costs. The program also seeks to enhance
public awareness of, and appreciation for, space science and to
incorporate educational and public outreach activities. The
Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX) project provides flight
opportunities for focused science missions. MIDEX
investigations are characterized by the definition, development,
launch service, and mission operations and data analysis costs
set with each Announcement of Opportunity (AO). The Small
Explorer (SMEX) project provides frequent flight opportunities for
highly focused and relatively inexpensive missions. SMEX
investigations are characterized by the definition, development,
launch service, and mission operations and data analysis costs
set within each AO. Mission of Opportunity (MO) space science
investigations are flown as part of a non-NASA space mission.
MOs are conducted on a no-exchange-of-funds basis with the
organization sponsoring the mission. This program supports all
the ESS annual performance goals.

Link to the Explorers program homepage for information.
http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions.html

Explorers Patch

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

128.7

103.6

117.1

106.8

137.3

208.6

197.2

Explorer Program

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Prepare The History of Events and Macroscale Interations during Substorms (THEMIS) for launch in
October 2006.
Prepare Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) for launch in September 2006.
Prepare Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS)-B for launch in 3rd Quarter
2006.

Plans For FY 2006

TWINS Launch delayed from the second quarter of 2004 and the second quarter of 2005 to the
second quarter of 2005 and the second quarter of 2006.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Explorer Program

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-14

AIM

Determine the causes of Earth's highest-altitude clouds,
which form in the coldest part of the atmosphere about
50 miles above the polar regions every summer.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-04
Oct-06

Sep-06
Aug-08

Form Jul-02 Apr-04

THEMIS

Understand of the onset and evolution of
magnetospheric substorms.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-04

Sep-06

Aug-06

Oct-08

Form Apr-02 Apr-04

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Explorer program will launch MIDEX and SMEX missions commensurate with the availability of
funding. The launch of MOs are as appropriate, based on date selected, funding profiles, and
expected launch dates for the host missions. The projects encourage a wide variety of methods for
access to space. Expendible launch vehicles (ELVs), spacecraft from other programs, and long-
duration balloons are all encouraged as ways to increase program flexibility and maximize flight
opportunities for space science. ESS provides access to space and launch vehicle funding. These
funds are part of the total cost cap for each mission. For each mission class, launch will take place
within the following number of months after implementation: SMEX, 33 months; MIDEX, 40 months.

Technical Description

RISK: Implementation of first-of-a-kind space research missions are inherently risky.
MITIGATION: Technical, management, and cost risks for each investigation are carefully
examined as part of the selection process, and acceptable risks are documented in individual
project appendices attached to the Explorer Program Plan. All technical and programmatic risks
will be further reviewed as part of the project confirmation review during the PDR timeframe to
ensure risks have been mitigated.

Risk Management

Industry, academia, other government agencies, international partners.

Key Participants

Investigations are selected through the AO process, where multiple investigations are selected for
initial concept studies with a competitive down-select to proceed to the next stage of formulation.

Investigations will be selected to proceed from one phase to the next through execution of contract
options, based on successful technical, cost, and schedule performance in the previous phases.

Explorer program has established an acquisition strategy that contracts for whole mission
(concept through delivery of science data/analysis), with emphasis on performance incentives.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

The Explorer program is a multiple-project program with program responsibility assigned to GSFC.

Program Management

Program:

Explorer Program

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-15

The Earth System Science Pathfinder program (ESSP)
addresses unique, specific, highly-focused mission requirements
in Earth science research. ESSP includes a series of relatively
low to moderate cost, small to medium sized, competitively
selected, principal investigator led missions that are built, tested,
and launched in a short time interval. These missions are capable
of supporting a variety of scientific objectives related to Earth
science, involving the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, polar
ice regions and solid earth. Investigations include development
and operation of remote sensing instruments and the conduct of
investigations utilizing data from these instruments. The ESSP
program has two missions preparing for a co-manifested 2005
launch (CloudSat and CALIPSO), and 3 missions in formulation
(Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), Aquarius and, Hydros).
Future ESSP missions will be selected from proposals submitted
in response to AOs. These AOs will be released approximately
once every 2 years, subject to funding availability. This effort
also provides capabilities that can be employed to predict climate,
weather, and natural hazards on planets we plan to explore. This
program supports Objective 14 and Agency Performance Goals
6ESS25.

For more information see http://earth.nasa.gov/essp/.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

114.3

107.9

135.5

166.2

114.7

203.5

232.3

Earth System Science Pathfinder

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

If confirmed OCO will have completed pre-environmental integration and testing activities for the
instrument and spacecraft. OCO will then hold a Pre-Environmental review for the instrument and
spacecraft to assess readiness to conduct the appropriate electromagnetic interference, vibration,
acoustic, and thermal/vacuum testing. If confirmed Aquarius will focus engineering efforts on the final
design of the system, which will culminate in the Critical Design Review (CDR), the milestone review
approval to proceed with hardware/software development. Two CDRs will be held: one for the NASA
component of the system and one for the parts of the system under the responsibility of Argentine
Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). Hydros engineering efforts will be focused
on the system definition phase of formulation. This effort includes development of the system concept
and architecture, system specification, interface requirements, development test plans, risk analysis,
and concept/design evaluation criteria. This will culminate in the Systems Requirements Review
milestone review. AO-4 proposals will undergo ESSP peer-review evaluation and selection.

Plans For FY 2006

OCO and Aquarius schedule requirements rephased

CALIPSO and Cloudsat requirements replanned. Launch delay of 2 months to May 2005

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-16

Hydros

Introduce improved cabability to predict costly natural
hazards, such as extreme weather, floods, and droughts.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Aug-07

Jan-11

Dec-10

Jan-13

Form Oct-03 Jul-07

Aquarius

To observe and model seasonal and year-to-year
variations of sea surface salinity and how these relate to
changes in the water cycle and ocean circulation.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-05
Oct-08

Sep-08

Oct-11

Form Oct-03 May-05

OCO

Improve understanding of atmospheric carbon dioxide
sources and sinks, a critical element in making more
reliable climate predictions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

May-05

Nov-07

Oct-07

Nov-09

Form Oct-03 Apr-05

Calipso

Address the role of clouds and aerosols in Earth's
atmosphere.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jan-03

May-05

May-05
May-08

Form Jan-98 Dec-02

Cloudsat

Improve cloud modeling and predictions of cloud
formation and distribution.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-02

May-05

Mar-07

Form Sep-98 Sep-02

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

CloudSat: 1 instrument, mission life 22 months, measures cloud structure, ice & water content,
improves knowledge of cloud processes. CALIPSO: 3 instruments, mission life 3 years, measures 3D
distribution of aerosols in thin clouds. OCO: 1 instrument, mission life 2 years, first space-based
measurement focused on atmospheric carbon dioxide to characterize its sources, sinks and seasonal
variability. Aquarius: 2 instruments, mission life 3 years, global space-based measure of the sea
surface salinity giving insight to the ocean's role in climate. Future ESSP including Hydros: 2
instruments, mission life 2 years, first satellite focused on earth's soil moisture and freeze-thaw state
improving knowledge of terrestrial water cycle and its representation in weather and climate models.

Technical Description

AO-4 mission(s) selection: peer review

Hydros antenna: full and open competition

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

PM: GSFC/LaRC-CALIPSO; JPL-CloudSat, OCO, Aquarius, and Hydros. The NASA and GSFC/JPL
PM Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-18

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations acquires, preserves,
and delivers the observation data for the Science Mission
Directorate/Earth-Sun System scientific focus areas in
conformance with national science objectives. Facilities involved
in this undertaking include in-orbit spacecraft assets, spacecraft
control centers, tracking and data-reception ground stations,
related communications data handling systems, and data
processing and archiving.

The Ground Networks (GN) program is comprised of four parts:
(1) the Orbital network for communications and navigation, (2) the
research range that supports the NASA Sounding Rocket and
Balloon programs, (3) the Merritt Island Launch Area and Ponce
De Leon annex which provide Shuttle launch support
communication and navigation information, and (4) cross-cutting
effort that provides program management.

Science information systems receive raw observational data from
the ground network and, with the help of science investigators,
convert these observations into useful scientific information.
NASA's principal Earth system information system is called
"EOSDIS," or Earth Observing System Data and Information
System. EOSDIS is the largest "e-science" system in the world.
EOSDIS currently acquires, processes, archives, and distributes
Earth science data and information products from over three
terabytes of new satellite data per day. Having successfully
created this system, NASA is now working to evolve it for the
future, leveraging the continuing advance of information
technology while providing continuous service to the user
community.

This program supports Annual Performance Goals (APG) 14.3,
6ESS5 and 6ESS6

Multi-Mission Operations

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

414.9

334.3

268.3

269.5

277.1

280.4

285.7

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-19

Mission System Operations involves over 40 types of spacecraft, launch platforms and aircraft
producing terabytes of data per day distributed to eight discipline data centers. Support is also
provided for processing systems led by science investigators that provide processing of the data into
geophysical parameters, such as atmospheric temperature and pressure, sea surface temperature,
wind fields, and land surface conditions utilized by hundreds of NASA-funded researchers. This
activity is accomplished continuously with high reliability and performance in pursuant of NASA's
Earth, space, and human exploration objectives.

Technical Description

For 2006, the Multi-Mission Operations program will continue to provide safe and reliable spacecraft
operation to ensure that science data collection meets the mission requirements for its science
program customers. These requirements include meeting data quality needs, data latency, and
temporal sampling requirements.

This program will engage in several activities targeting more efficient mission operations in the future.
Multi-Mission Operations activities are under the Senior Review process.

The Senior Review is an integrated management process for extended missions (missions for
satellites beyond their prime missions). In use previously for space science missions, the Senior
Review has as its centerpiece an independent peer review to assign relative science merit of
proposals submitted by science teams for extended missions. The first cycle for the Earth science
mission Senior Review will award the competitively obtained funding for extended missions beginning
in FY 2006. Senior Reviews will be conducted every two years.

NASA recognizes the necessity of modernizing its mission operations. The Directorate will begin
preliminary planning for new strategies to meet future requirements and improve mission operations
efficiency over the next decade.

Plans For FY 2006

The NASA, GSFC, and JPL Program Management Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Include Earth Science missions in the Senior Review process.

Establish an appropriate Ground Networks (GN) program funding level.

CloudSat/CALIPSO in operation (summer 2005).

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-20

Alaska SAR Facility

Operation of Alaska SAR facility

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Oct-10

Form

Ground Network

Operation of ground network system

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Oct-10

Form

EOSDIS

Acquisition, Process, archive, and distribution of Earth
science data

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Oct-10

Form

Multi-Mission
Operations

Continued operation of spacecraft, launch platforms, and
aircraft

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Oct-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: The aging infrastructure of the Ground Networks system puts the missions in operations at
risk. Changes in NASA's operating missions set over the next five years would require new
strategies and planning to achieve necessary budget efficiencies and capabilities.
MITIGATION: Begin preliminary strategy discussions covering revision of organizations,
spacecraft control concepts and structures, and utilization of new technologies.

Risk Management

International Space Agencies: Germany, France, and Japan. U.S. Agencies: National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, United States Geological Survey, and Department of Defense.
Aerospace Industry: Raytheon, Honeywell and Northrop Grumman.
Universities from the U.S. and abroad.

Key Participants

The Senior Review process partly serves as a basis for Multi-Mission Operations acquisition
decisions.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth-Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-21

The Earth-Sun System Division (ESSD) observations and
research aim to improve our capability for predicting weather,
climate and natural hazards, including space weather. The focus
of NASA's efforts in ESSD is the development and demonstration
of space-based measurements, providing information about the
Earth-Sun system not available by other means. The use of this
information increases knowledge of the system components and
their interactions. The use of research results in complex models
that generate improved environmental prediction is critical for
policy and management decisions. NASA's program is an end-to
-end one, beginning with the development of observational
techniques and instrument technology, testing in the laboratory
and/or from an appropriate set of suborbital (surface, balloon,
aircraft, rocket) and/or space-based platforms; basic research
and modeling. It is planned and implemented with national and
international collaboration and coordination. ESSD research is a
unique component of the U.S. Climate Change Science and
Technology programs, the U.S. Weather Research program, the
Earthscope program, and national research in the area of space
weather.

This program supports Annual Performance Goals (APG) 14.4,
6ESS7

Earth's Climate Mappings

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

927.4

818.6

845.1

815.7

811.8

798.8

802.5

Earth-Sun Research

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Earth-Sun Research

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-22

The ROSES-05
schedule is as follows:

The purpose of the ROSES-05 is to solicit basic and
applied research in support of the Science Mission
Directorate.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Apr-05 Apr-08

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The science focus area roadmaps describe plans for each area as well as the joint activities planned
to address cross-cutting aspects of Earth-Sun science. The content of the Earth-Sun System Science
Research program's new direction is defined in ROSES-05. However, the program elements that are
not included in ROSES-05 may be solicited in future years.

ESSD is responsible for NASA's activities that address the combined, interacting system of Earth and
the Sun to characterize their properties on a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, to understand
the naturally-occurring and human-induced processes that drive them.

Technical Description

In order to plan and manage a scientifically effective program, the ESS research and analysis program
is organized into seven interdisciplinary science focus areas. These focus areas form the basis for
planning activities and program management and execution. The focus area roadmaps describe, at
various levels of detail, plans for each area as well as joint activities planned to address cross-cutting
aspects of the Earth System science. ESS research plans are a part of national plans and objectives
for FY2006 as described in the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) strategic plan (2002), and
are reported by the program and the subcommittee on Global Change Research to Congress annually
in the mandated report entitled "Our Changing Planet". The program will select and fund over 4,000
U.S. scientific research tasks through peer review. Research will utilize the fully implemented Earth
Observing System to target high-priority questions of the Earth system, continue algorithm
development and improvement, and conduct laboratory and field experiments to provide validation of
the satellite-based observations. Computing capabilities are also funded through the high-end
computing program to support modeling efforts and further program prediction goals.

In January 2005, the Science Mission Directorate will issue the Research Opportunities in Space and
Earth Science 05 (ROSES-05), a research announcement covering all of the planned research
solicitations in Earth-Sun System and Space Science for 2005. ROSES-05 describes the research
goals in detail. The FY2006 budget will fund the proposed activities competitively selected.

Plans For FY 2006

NASA Headquarters has responsibility for the Earth-Sun System program.

Program Management

The ROSES-05 Omnibus NRA describes the new activity plans that will be initiated with FY 2006
program funds.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth-Sun Research

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-24

The Applied Sciences program bridges the gap between scientific
discoveries and practical applications that benefit society through
partnerships that integrate the observations and predictions
resulting from NASA Earth-Sun system science into solutions.
Observations from NASA research spacecraft have proven to be
valuable in improving forecasts of air quality conditions
throughout the United States, assessing crop production
estimates globally, and monitoring volcanic eruption activity to
benefit aviation safety. Improved predictions and forecasts
enabled by NASA science are systematically transitioned to serve
national priority applications requiring environmental information
on climate, weather, natural hazards, and sustainability. As we
move forward into 2006, the NASA Applied Sciences program
(DST) continues to benchmark contributions relevant to decision-
support tools for policy, management, and exploration that are
vital for the Nation's safety, security, and pioneering enterprises.
This program supports Objective 14 and APG 6ESS20 and
6ESS21.

For more information, please see
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/earth-sun/applications/index.html.

This diagram illustrates the assimilation of
Earth-Sun system science observations
and model products into decision support
tools for policy, management and
exploration.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

30.3

43.5

52.2

51.5

50.8

48.9

54.3

Applied Sciences

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Applied Sciences Program will extend the results of research and development to increase
understanding of the Earth-Sun system, and to support decisions for the exploration of Earth, the
Moon, Mars and beyond. NASA, together with our partners, employs a systematic approach to
benchmark the benefits of assimilating NASA research and development results into decision-support
tools for areas of national priority: aviation, agriculture efficiency, public health, homeland security,
ecological forecasting; and air quality, carbon, coastal, disaster, energy, invasive species and water
management. A set of program element plans describes the projects and organizations working on
the delivery of prototypes and benchmarks of integrated system solutions to contribute to these
national priorities, addressing NASA goals and objectives. NASA collaborates with NOAA and other
Federal agencies to systematically transition Earth-Sun system research results for operational
utilization. NASA provides Earth and solar system scientists with verification of the performance of
commercial remote sensing data products for use in exploration, thereby optimizing the value to the
government of private sector investments in space. In FY 2006, the Develop activity will be expanded
to develop human capital to meet future needs of the aerospace community. NASA will also
participate in national and international organizations to establish standards and interoperability
protocols and processes in support of national e-government programs.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Applied Sciences

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-26

Water Management

Verify, validate, and benchmark the assimilation of NASA
observations (e.g., MODIS) and Land Information
System products into DoI Bureau of Reclamations
Riverware/AWARDS DST.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Public Health

Verify and validate the capacity of NASA Earth-Sun
System research results to serve NIH DST.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

Invasive Species

Verify and validate the capacity of NASA observations &
ESMF predictions to serve USGS DST's.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Homeland Security

Benchmark the assimilation of 2 or more ESMF
predicitions into DHS Interagency Modeling and
Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC)

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

Energy Management

Evaluate capacity to assimilate NASA observations(eg
CERES, SOHO, NPP) & ESMF predictions to energy
DST's(DOE/NEMS, EPRI). Benchmark assimilation of
products in DST (RETScreen,HOMER,NSRDB).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Ecological Forecasting

Benchmark assimilation of NASA observations (e.g.,
Terra, Aqua) and evaluate capacity of NPP observations
and ESMF predictions to serve CCAD SERVIR DST

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Disaster Management

Evaluate, verify and validate the potential of NPP sensor
data (e.g., AIRS, CRIS, VIRS) into NOAA AWIPS DST

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Coastal Management

Benchmark Aqua observations and model ocean
condition products into NOAA HAB forecast. Evaluate
potential of NPP products to serve coastal DST (e.g.,
GNOME).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

Carbon Management

Benchmark the assimilation of NASA observations (e.g.,
Terra, Aqua) in CASA/CQUEST DST. Evaluate or verify
potential of carbon sequestration forecasts into USDA
DST.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Aviation

Benchmark ESMF predictions in FAA DSTs (e.g.,
oceanic weather). Evaluate the potential of NPP
observations to serve the FAA National Airspace System
DST.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Air Quality

Verify and validate Aura products and evaluate potential
of NPP products to serve EPA and/or NOAA air quality
DST (e.g., AIRNow, CMAQ, WRF).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Agricultural Efficiency

Benchmark the assimilation of NASA observations (e.g.,
Jason, MODIS) and evaluate ESMF predictions into
USDA CADRE DST.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

Program:

Applied Sciences

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-27

Crosscutting Solutions
(Continued)

Demonstrate interoperability on the use of research
measurements, models, and solution in an Earth-Sun
System Gateway (ESG).

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

Crosscutting Solutions
(Continued)

CCSP: deliver synthesis and assessment report (5.1) on
uses and limitations of climate change measuremets and
forecasts for decision support.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form

Crosscutting Solutions
(Continued)

IWGEO: Deliver at least 5 benchmark reports for
integrated system solutions

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Crosscutting Solutions

Research to Operations: Implement approach for
transition of NASA Earth-Sun system research data
products for use by NOAA.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-05 Sep-06

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

NOAA and other Federal agencies: Systematically transition Earth-Sun system research results
for operational utilization.

Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE): Provide Earth and solar system scientists
for verification of performance of commercial remote sensing data products for exploration.

Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Committee on Climate Change Science and
Technology Integration, Interagency Working Group on Earth Observations and bilateral
agreements with Federal agencies and national organizations: Benchmark integrated system
solutions.

Key Participants

Not Applicable

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Applied Sciences

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-28

The Earth-Sun System Education and Outreach program uses
NASA's results from studying the Earth system and the Sun to
enhance the teaching and learning of Earth, space, and
environmental sciences through partnerships with educational
institutions and organizations. In coordination with the NASA
Office of Education, the program makes the discoveries and
knowledge generated from Earth-Sun system studies accessible
to students, teachers, and the public by enabling dynamic and
engaging learning environments.

In addition to developing curriculum and exhibit support materials,
the program places particular emphasis on teacher preparation
and professional development for educators in both formal and
informal education. Please see exemplary projects described in
the Earth Science Education and Outreach Plans referenced
below.

The program communicates through public events why and how
NASA develops new space-based capabilities for the purpose of
understanding and protecting Earth. The NASA Earth
Observatory is also an exemplary resource, featuring stories,
imagery, and data for the public and professionals who are not
necessarily experts in Earth and environmental science.

The program also ensures the continued training of
interdisciplinary scientists to support the study of the Earth-Sun
system through graduate fellowships and early career awards.

This program support Objective 13 and Outcomes 13.1, 13.2 and
13.5.

For more information, please see
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/strategy/index.html
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

ESS Education Outreach

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

23.8

22.9

23.3

23.4

23.8

25.4

27.6

Education and Outreach

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Education and Outreach

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-29

Not applicable.

Technical Description

RISK: None MITIGATION: None

Risk Management

Performing organizations include academic and/or educational institutions (e.g., colleges,
universities, museums, science centers, etc.), research and/or non-profit organizations, and state
and local governments, (e.g., Boston Museum of Science, Houston Museum of Natural Science).

Key Participants

The acquisition strategy is primarily peer review, competitive sourcing, and/or Space Act
agreements. Non-NASA performer acquisitions are primarily grants or cooperative agreements.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Support projects competitively selected in FY 2005 that will increase K-12 educator support for
teaching Earth science and geography, strengthen undergraduate institutional capacity in Earth
system science and applications (with particular emphasis on 2 and 4-year colleges and minority-
serving institutions), and enhance public scientific literacy about the Earth system and the
environment.

Continue the GLOBE program worldwide implementation and U.S. coordination of educational
partnerships, in collaboration with the National Science Foundation.

Support continued development of a competent technical workforce, including approximately 150
graduate fellowships pursuing masters and/or Ph.D. degrees and 30 early-career awards for Ph.D.
scientists and engineers in Earth-Sun system studies.

Provide in public venues at least 50 stories on the scientific discoveries, practical benefits, or new
technologies sponsored by the Earth-Sun System Division, and present at least five exhibits with a
total of at least 50,000 attendees. Continue to publish exciting NASA Earth science imagery and
provide explanations of the phenomena through the Earth Observatory and other NASA Web sites.

Plans For FY 2006

The HQ program office in the Earth-Sun System Division, Science Mission Directorate, is responsible
for the Earth-Sun Education and Outreach program.

Program Management

None

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Education and Outreach

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-30

NASA's ESSD is dedicated to understanding the total Earth-Sun
system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes on
the global environment. Advanced technology will play a major
role in enabling the Earth-Sun research and applications
programs of the future. The Earth Sun Technology program
(ESTP) enables Earth-Sun science and application programs by
providing new capabilities and reducing the cost of Earth science
measurements planned in the near, mid, and far term. ESTP
also ensures consistency between the Earth-Sun science plan
and the implementing technology strategy as manifest in the
Earth-Sun Technology program and other relevant Agency
programs.

The Earth-Sun System Technology Office (ESTO) provides
strategic, science-driven technology assessments, and
requirements development. It implements the science focused
technology program by pursuing promising scientific and
engineering concepts and ensuring that the program maintains
an effective balance of instrument and information systems
investments.

The New Millennium program (NMP) is designed to retire risk of
key emerging and breakthrough technologies to enable future
missions through flight validation.

This program supports Objective 14 and APG 6ESS4.

For more information, please see: http://esto.nasa.gov ,
http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov.

Detector developments enable new
imaging techniques that will improve
scientific remote sensing, industrial
monitoring, and medical diagnosis.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

207.0

121.8

127.4

146.6

151.8

135.6

139.3

Earth-Sun Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Earth-Sun Technology

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-31

Instrument Incubator project: Instrument technology investments include passive and active sensing
techniques, such as radar systems, large lightweight antennas, and active optical sensors using
lasers.

Advanced Information Systems Technology: Technology developments include on-board processing,
space communications, mission automation for self-tending spacecraft and instruments, and
information synthesis to derive information from extremely large, complex data sets.

Advanced Technology Initiative: Concept studies and component and subsystem technologies serving
as the building blocks for instruments, platforms, and information systems.

NMP: Primary path to flight-validate key emerging technologies to retire risk and reduce cost of future
science missions.

Technical Description

The ESTP will plan and implement development of new remote sensing and information systems
technologies for infusion into future Earth-Sun system missions that will enable, or dramatically
enhance, measurements and data system capabilities.

Planning starts with measurement priorities established by the science community that leads to
systematically developed technology requirements and priorities that are captured in a Web-accessible
database. Technology roadmaps are developed and fed into the Agency-level capability roadmaps.
Studies are conducted to assess measurement options into technology performance requirements.

Implementation is performed through open competition solicitations in three elements. Instrument
Incubator program develops new and innovative instruments and measurement techniques at the
system level including laboratory development and airborne validation. An NRA will be issued.
Advanced Information Systems Technology develops end-to-end information technologies that enable
new Earth observation measurements and information products. Selections for an NRA are planned
for early FY 2006. Advanced Technology Initiatives implements a broad array of technology
developments for state-of-the-art components for instruments and earth and space-based platforms.
Requirements are also developed for Advanced Platform Technology. An Integrated Technology
Development Plan is updated annually.

NMP projects are designated as Space Technology projects, being either system
development/validation or subsystem development/validation. Advances in technology development
are documented annually.

Plans For FY 2006

The ESTO program office is located at GSFC. HQ ESSD has program oversight responsibility. NMP is
managed at JPL.

Program Management

The basic program content has not changed from the FY 2005 budget submit.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth-Sun Technology

Earth-Sun System

Theme:

SAE 4-32

ST-9

Proposals still in evaluation for Phase-A studies

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form Dec-04 Dec-06

ST-8

Approval for Implementation -- ST-8 is a subsystem
technology validation project

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Form Nov-03 Jul-05

ST-7

System technology flight validation mission of
disturbance reduction system

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-03

May-08

Aug-08

Form Dec-00 Jul-03

ST-6

Subsystem validation of autonomous spacecraft
experiment and inertial stellar compass

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Aug-02

Jul-05

Jun-05
Oct-05

Form Sep-00 Aug-02

Space Technology
(ST)-5

Integrated system validation of a constellation of multiple
nanosat spacecraft

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Nov-01
Mar-06

Feb-06

Jun-06

Form Jan-99 Nov-01

Advanced Technology
Initiatives NRA

NRA to develop component and subsystem technologies Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-05 Sep-08

Form

Advanced Info
Systems Technology
NRA

NRA to develop information systems technologies for
spacecraft and terrestrial uses

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jul-05 Sep-08

Form

Instrument Incubator
Program NRA

NRA to develop remote sensing instruments to a level
that mission developers would consider infusing

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jan-05 Mar-08

Form

Integrated Technology
Development Plan

Annual plan provides prioritized technology goals and
the plan for achieving them

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jan-05 Mar-05

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

Tasks are procured for the following programs: Instrument Incubator Program, Advanced
Information Systems Technology, Advanced Technology Initiatives and Technology validation
concepts.

Tasks are procured primarily through full and open competition.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth-Sun Technology

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-1

Themes

Constellation Systems

Exploration Systems
Research and
Technology

Prometheus Nuclear
Systems and
Technology

Human Systems
Research and
Technology

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

Purpose

The role of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) is to develop a constellation of new
capabilities, supporting technologies, and foundational research that enables sustained and
affordable human and robotic exploration. The research and technology development activities of
the former Exploration Systems Enterprise and former Biological and Physical Research Enterprise
have been merged and are now both managed in ESMD. Organized in this way, ESMD will be able
to fully integrate the critical human system element with the broad engineering systems
infrastructure required for the human exploration of the Solar System. This full integration enables
the early insertion of critical human support requirements to implement safety, sustainability, and
exploration crew effectiveness.

Within ESMD the development of exploration strategies, systems, and technologies is guided by four
overarching principles:

Corporate Focus:

ESMD works in partnership with all NASA Directorates integrating complex work

from multiple organizations in order to best achieve the Vision. To that end, decisions in ESMD are
made using a simple benchmark: To what degree does each decision advance NASA’s overarching
goals?

Focused, Prioritized Requirements:

The Directorate involves users, operators, researchers, and

technologists to craft focused, prioritized requirements for new capabilities. These requirements will
be based on realistic parameters for cost, schedule, and performance. ESMD does and will
continue to use sound risk reduction methods to promote safety and mission success, and will not
allow for “requirements creep.” Once established, requirements will be rigorously controlled.

An artist’s concept of a future lunar exploration mission.

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-2

Spiral Transformation:

A key challenge for the Directorate is to develop new capabilities in a

manner that is pragmatic – so that new capabilities can be developed and used to advance
exploration in the near term – while also being flexible, in order to incorporate new technologies and
respond with agility to scientific discoveries. To meet this challenge, the Directorate will develop
exploration capabilities in stages, or “spirals.” Each spiral will usher in a set of major new
capabilities in support of the Vision. Spirals will be structured based on specific requirements, well-
defined goals and endpoints, then-current technologies, manageable risks, an executable budget,
and knowledge gained from prior in-space activities.

Management Rigor:

The Directorate is engaged in a disciplined management approach. ESMD

establishes time-phase priorities, applies risk-management principles, ensures performance within
budget, and nurtures personnel development to ensure that programs and projects achieve NASA’s
goals in an affordable and sustainable way. This management approach is supported by a sound
acquisition strategy that promotes success and innovation.

The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate consists of four Themes that will function cooperatively
to enable exploration and scientific discovery. Those Themes are Exploration Systems Research
and Technology, Human System Research and Technology, Constellation Systems, and
Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology.

FY 2004 Accomplishments

Transformed and merged the Exploration Systems Enterprise and the Biological and Physical Research
Enterprise to form the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate.

Contracted with 11 Concept Exploration and Refinement teams from industry and academia to develop
architectural solutions for lunar exploration and concepts for the Crew Exploration Vehicle.

Formulated new Exploration Systems Research and Technology programs to support the Vision, and
competitively selected 48 peer reviewed intramural technology development projects performed by NASA
Centers and 70 peer reviewed extramural technology development projects via a Broad Agency Announcement.

The former Biological and Physical Research Enterprise has been transformed into the Human System
Research and Technology Theme. The focus of the research and development effort has shifted from a
discipline focus to a requirements-driven product-delivery focus. A zero-based program review was initiated in
to identify gaps in research required to support ESMD and Vision.

Signed Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Reactors
for development of an in-space nuclear reactor.

Theme Distribution

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Constellation Systems*

911.5

526.0

1120.1

Exploration Systems Research and Technology*

676.7

722.8

919.2

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

220.7

431.7

319.6

Human System Research and Technology**

985.6

1003.9

806.4

Total

2,794.5 2,684.5 3,165.4

*In the FY 2005 Exploration Systems Enterprise, the Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme and the Constellation
Systems Theme were the Human and Robotic Technology and Transportation Systems Themes, respectively.

**The Human System Research and Technology Theme in FY 2005 was the Biological and Physical Research Enterprise. Some projects
have been transferred from this Enterprise to the Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme.

+In FY 2005 Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology was a program within the Human and Robotic Technology Theme.

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-3

Constellation Systems

Through the Constellation Systems Theme NASA will develop, demonstrate, and deploy the
collection of systems that will enable sustained human and robotic exploration of the Moon, Mars,
and beyond. These include the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) for the transport and support of
human crews traveling to destinations beyond low Earth orbit, as well as launch vehicles for
transport of the CEV and cargo to low Earth orbit, and any ground or in-space support infrastructure
for communications and operations. These systems, collectively known as the “System of Systems”
will be developed in a “spiral” approach, wherein early demonstrations and prototypes are used to
demonstrate capabilities, validate technologies, and mitigate risk, all along an evolutionary path
toward a mature design. The first spiral development planned for Constellation Systems will provide
the capability to deliver humans to orbit in a CEV by 2014. The second spiral will deliver humans to
the lunar surface by 2020, followed by the third spiral that will enable extended visits on the lunar
surface. As spiral development evolves, System of Systems elements will grow to include in-space
support systems, destination surface systems, and additional human support systems.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $1,120.0 million; a $594.1 million (or 113 percent) increase from the FY
2005 budget. Major features of this budget include:

Funding to support the initial development activities for the CEV. ESMD will be engaged in a competitive
process awarding at least two contracts for the development of the CEV by 2014 and a related risk reduction
demonstration mission in 2008. This risk reduction effort will lead the CEV project to select one contractor in
2008 to build the CEV for Spiral 1.

Funding to support the establishment of a lead Systems Engineering and Integration capability for Constellation
Systems. This funding will support a systems integration team (probably led by a combination of a NASA
Center and industry contractor) to ensure efficient and effective integration of all aspects of the Earth Orbit
Capability program – the CEV, the Crew Launch Vehicle, and all associate ground and in-space support
systems.

AR T H

R B I T

AP AB I L I T Y

The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program is responsible for developing, demonstrating, and
deploying the capability for crew transportation to Earth orbit. The budget request includes funding
to continue the development of those systems critical to achieve the goals of the Vision for Space
Exploration. Specifically, these systems include the CEV, Crew Launch Vehicle, and supporting
ground and in-space systems. Earth Orbit Capability is the first spiral in a well-defined spiral
development process. Spiral 1 will demonstrate crew transportation capability to Earth orbit by 2014
and will verify crew CEV and Crew Launch Vehicle readiness to support the Spiral 2 mission to the
Moon. The following Spiral 2 program will develop, demonstrate, and deploy the additional capability
to support human missions to the lunar surface no later than 2020.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

The Exploration Systems Research and Technology (ESR&T) Theme represents NASA’s
commitment to investing in the technologies and capabilities that will make the national vision for
space exploration possible. The goals of solar system exploration, not just for ESMD, but for all of
NASA, will be the primary focus of Theme activities and will demand a robust, ongoing commitment
to focused innovation. Through such a focused research and development effort the Theme will
develop technologies that can be timely integrated into different spirals and different missions. The
ESR&T theme is working closely with other government agencies, industry, academia and other
partners to leverage common requirements and identify innovative ideas.

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-4

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $919.2 million, a $196.4 million (or 27 percent) increase from the FY 2005
budget. Major features of this budget include:

Funding for the Advanced Space Technology and Technology Maturation programs to continue competitively
awarded technology development contracts to NASA Centers, industry, and academia.

A newly restructured Technology Transfer Partnerships project to improve NASA’s ability to both spin-out and
spin-in new technologies.

Increased funding for the Centennial Challenges program.

D V AN C E D

P AC E

E C H N O L O G Y

The Advanced Space Technology program develops new technologies that will enable NASA to
conduct new human and robotic exploration missions, gather new types of scientific data, and
reduce mission risk and cost. The request includes funding for the advanced system concepts,
fundamental technologies, and engineering tools that the Advanced Space Technology program are
developing unique to NASA needs, and applicable across many classes of missions. Accordingly,
the research activities in the Advanced Space Technology program are organized into five major
technical areas that are fundamentally critical to all NASA missions: Advanced Studies, Concepts,
and Tools; Advanced Materials and Structural Concepts; Computing, Communications, Electronics,
and Imaging; Power, Propulsion, and Chemical Systems; and Software, Intelligent Systems, and
Modeling.

E C H N O L O G Y

AT U R AT I O N

The Technology Maturation program develops and validates the most promising advanced space
technology concepts and matures them to the level of demonstration and space flight validation, to
enable safe, affordable, effective and sustainable human-robotic exploration. The request includes
funding to support the goals of the Technology Maturation program, specifically, identifying
technologies that are emerging from NASA's Advanced Space Technology program, and other
NASA and non-NASA advanced technology programs, and maturing them from moderate readiness
to high levels of readiness for transition to Constellation Systems and other applications.

N N O V AT I V E

AR T N E R S H I P S

The request includes funding to help the Innovative Partnerships program provide technological
solutions for meeting solar system exploration and other NASA needs through novel partnerships
with the aerospace industrial firms, the venture capital community, small businesses, and
universities. The Innovative Partnerships program consists of NASA’s Technology Transfer efforts,
the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer programs, and
other means for unique partnerships outside of NASA, such as the University Research and
Engineering Technology Institutes.

E N T E N N I A L

H AL L E N G E S

The request includes funding to continue the evolution of the Centennial Challenges program. The
Centennial Challenges program conducts prize competitions for revolutionary, breakthrough
accomplishments that advance solar system exploration and other NASA priorities. Some of NASA's
most difficult technical challenges may require novel solutions from non-traditional sources of
innovation. By making awards based on actual achievements instead of proposals, NASA hopes to
tap innovators in academia, industry, and the public that do not normally work on NASA issues.

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-5

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology was formerly a program within the Human and
Robotic Technology Theme of the Exploration Systems Enterprise. With NASA’s organizational
transformation the unique and exciting efforts of Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology have
been organized into their own Theme.

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology represents NASA’s effort to develop an advanced
technology capability for more complex operations and exploration of the solar system. Historically,
space exploration has been limited by the power available from solar and other non-nuclear sources.
Radioisotope power systems, a passive form of nuclear power, have enabled a wide range of outer
planetary exploration missions over the past 40 years, as evidenced by the Galileo and Cassini
spacecraft. The development of more sophisticated, more capable (i.e., heavier) spacecraft, or the
potential need for more robust power systems on the surface of the Moon or Mars, may require the
development of the more powerful and efficient capability provided by nuclear fission. In
cooperation with the Department of Energy, NASA’s current research and development effort is
focused on the first demonstration of a space-based nuclear reactor.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $319.6 million, a $112.1 million (or 26 percent) decrease from the FY 2005
budget. An investigation of Jupiter’s icy moons will not be the first demonstration for Prometheus
Nuclear Systems and Technology, as concerns over costs and technical complexity prompted NASA
to defer the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission. NASA is now conducting an Analysis of Alternatives
to identify a mission relevant to exploration and scientific goals, with reduced technical, schedule,
and operational risk.

D V AN C E D

Y S T E M S A N D

E C H N O L O G Y

The request includes funding to continue work in the Advanced Systems and Technology program to
develop and demonstrate advanced nuclear technologies and engineered systems. This technology
development will be necessary to support NASA’s goal of more distant, more ambitious, and longer
duration human and robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations. Specifically, this program
will conduct advanced research and development for follow-on and second-generation advanced
missions and applications.

U C L E AR

L I G H T

Y S T E M S

The request includes funding for the Nuclear Flight Systems program to continue development of
nuclear reactor power and associated spacecraft systems to enhance NASA's abilities to conduct
robotic exploration and science operations. The Nuclear Flight System program maintains two
interrelated activities in the development of its products. First, through the Department of Energy
Office of Naval Reactors, the program sponsors the full spectrum of nuclear technology and
engineering development activities to develop a space qualified nuclear power reactor. Concurrently,
NASA is developing spacecraft structures, systems, and components that are suitable for integration
with a high-power space nuclear reactor system.

Human Systems Research and Technology

The Human Systems Research and Technology (HSR&T) Theme is new to ESMD and is comprised
of several of the efforts of the former Biological and Physical Research Enterprise (BPRE). The
programs of BPRE have been transformed from a discipline focus on biological and physical
research, to a requirements-driven product-delivery focus. A zero-based program review is
underway to identify any gaps in research required to support ESMD and the Vision. The Theme
now focuses on ensuring the health, safety, and security of humans through the course of solar
system exploration. Programs within this Theme advance knowledge and technology critical for

Mission Directorate: Exploration Systems

SAE

5-6

supporting long-term human survival and performance during operations beyond low-Earth orbit,
with a focus on improving medical care and human health maintenance. Within the Theme there are
three programs: Life Support and Habitation; Human Health and Performance; and Human Systems
Integration. The Life Support and Habitation program conducts research and develops technology
for life support and other critical systems for spacecraft operations. The Human Health and
Performance program delivers research on questions about human biology and physiology relevant
to the human exploration of the solar system, and delivers technology to help maintain or improve
human health in the space environment. The Human Systems Integration program focuses on
optimizing human-machine interaction in the operation of spacecraft systems.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $806.4 million, a $197.5 million (or 20 percent) decrease from the FY 2005
budget. By transforming the BPRE organization and adopting a requirements-based philosophy in
the redirection of its programs NASA will be able to reprioritize ISS research and realize efficiencies
in its investments by focusing them on technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar
system. Such efficiencies allow NASA to adjust the investment profile for HSR&T and still return
significant benefits to the space program.

I F E

U P P O R T AN D

AB I T AT I O N

The request includes funding for the Life Support and Habitation program to focus on enabling
human exploration beyond low Earth orbit by developing technologies to support human activity in
and beyond low Earth orbit. Some of the technologies to be developed by the Life Support and
Habitation program include closing the loop for air, water, and food to make exploration missions
feasible and to reduce mission logistics and cost; achieving a new level of reliable and maintainable
life support and environmental monitoring and control systems; and developing novel technologies
to enhance exploration crew autonomy.

U M AN

E A L T H AN D

E R F O R M AN C E

The request includes funding to support the Human Health and Performance program deliver
research, technology, knowledge, and tools that will enable human space exploration. Specifically,
the Human Health and Performance program will guide the development of various
countermeasures to aid astronauts counteract any deleterious effects of long-duration missions in
the space environment; develop tools and techniques to improve medical care delivery to space
exploration crews; increase our biomedical knowledge and improve understanding of radiation
effects to reduce the uncertainty in estimating space radiation health risks to human crews; and,
acquire new information in exploration biology, which will identify and define the scope of problems
that will face future human space explorers during long periods of exposure to space.

U M AN

Y S T E M S

N T E G R AT I O N

The request includes funding for the Human-Systems Integration program to conduct research and
technology development driven by Agency needs for crew health; design of human spacecraft,
space suits, and habitats; efficient crew operations; medical operations; and technology
development to enable safe and productive human space exploration. The program addresses
identified needs in physical and cognitive performance factors, psychosocial adaptation,
neurobehavioral adaptation, and sleep and circadian rhythms. This research is important because
the human system has physical and cognitive interface requirements that must be addressed in
spacecraft design and operation. This research will inform the development of engineering
standards, guidelines, requirements, design tools, training systems and evaluation approaches to
support astronauts, design engineers and missions operations.

Constellation Systems

Theme:

SAE 6-1

Constellation Systems is responsible for the development of multiple components of an
overall exploration architecture, like this future future lunar surface system.

C o n stellatio n S ystem s

FY 2006 PRES BUD

911.4

526.0

1,120.1

1,579.5

1,523.7

1,990.9

2,452.2

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-55.1

-162.7

-140.9

-44.4

100.8

127.9

Constellation Systems

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Constellation Systems Theme is responsible for developing, demonstrating, and deploying
successive generations of new capabilities to enable sustainable and affordable human and robotic
exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Capabilities will be developed within well-defined
program spirals. The initial program spiral delivers a human Earth Orbit Capability by 2014. This
includes a risk reduction demonstration in 2008 and flight tests in 2011 without crew. Following
program spirals will deliver the capability to support human missions to the lunar surface no later than
2020 and then to Mars. Specifically, future Spirals are defined as follows: Spiral 2 is a Lunar Landing
Capability; Spiral 3 is an Extended Lunar Stay Capability; Spiral 4 is a Mars Landing Capability, with
further spirals still to be defined.

The capabilities that will support these spirals form a System of Systems that include crew
transportation systems, cargo transportation systems, in-space support systems, destination (Moon,
Mars) surface systems, Earth ground systems, and human support systems. The Earth Orbit
Capability (Spiral 1) Program within the Constellation Theme will manage the Crew Exploration
Vehicle (CEV), the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV), and supporting ground and in-space support systems
projects.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Constellation Systems Theme

Constellation Systems

Theme:

SAE 6-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

System Requirements Review of the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program and approval to
begin the Concept Development and Preliminary Design phase of the Earth Orbit Capability
(Spiral 1) program.

Contracted with 11 Concept Exploration and Refinement teams from industry and academia to
develop innovative architectural solutions for lunar exploration and concepts for the CEV.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The Constellation Systems Theme supports NASA's mission to explore the universe and search for life
by developing the transportation and supporting capabilities to extend human presence to the Moon,
Mars, and beyond. A human presence will enable scientific activities and discoveries otherwise
unattainable with only robotic explorers.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

Constellation Systems will help create a more secure world and improve quality of life by investing in
the aerospace industry and academia, and the programs of Constellation Systems will involve the
public and educators to inspire students to enter the science, mathematical, and engineering fields.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Constellation Systems work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The Constellation Systems Theme is responsible for developing capabilities essential to making the
Vision for Space Exploration a reality. To deliver these capabilities, the Constellation Systems Theme
will:

-Develop a Crew Exploration Vehicle to provide crew transportation for missions beyond low Earth
orbit with an initial flight test no later than 2014;

-Undertake human lunar exploration to support sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and
beyond;

-Conduct the first extended human expedition to the lunar surface as early as 2015, but no later than
2020;

-Enable human exploration of Mars.

Constellation Systems

Theme:

SAE 6-3

6CS6 Increase annually the percentage of ESR&T and HSR&T technologies transitioned to
Constellation Systems programs.

6CS5 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6CS4 Develop a plan for systems engineering and integration of the exploration System of
Systems; clearly defining systems and organizational interfaces, management processes, and
implementation plans.

6CS3 Develop detailed Crew Launch Vehicle design and operational modifications to support
human rating and exploration mission architecture requirements.

6CS2 Competitively award contract(s) for Phase A and Phase B design and flight demonstration
of the Crew Exploration Vehicle.

6CS1 Conduct the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) Systems Requirements Review to define
detailed interface requirements for the Crew Exploration Vehicle, the Crew Launch Vehicle, and
supporting ground and in-space systems.

7.1 By 2014, develop and flight-demonstrate a human exploration vehicle that supports safe,
affordable and effective transportation and life support for human crews traveling from the Earth to
destinations beyond LEO.

7. Develop a new crew exploration vehicle to provide crew transportation for missions beyond
low Earth orbit. First test flight to be by the end of this decade, with operational capability for
human exploration no later than 2014.

Constellation Systems Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

The Constellation Systems Theme Director is Garry M. Lyles.

Program Management

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

911.4

526.0

594.1

1,120.1

Constellation Systems

911.4

526.0

594.1

1,120.1

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

A pre-Non-Advocate Review (NAR) for the Earth Orbit Capability Program.

Independent Cost Estimate for the Earth Orbit Capability program.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Office of Management and Budget has not yet conducted a PART review of the Constellation
Systems Theme.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Constellation Systems

Theme:

SAE 6-4

The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program is responsible for
developing, demonstrating, and deploying the capability for crew
transportation to Earth orbit. Systems include the Crew
Exploration Vehicle (CEV), the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV), and
supporting ground and in-space systems. Earth Orbit Capability is
the first spiral in a well-defined spiral development process. Spiral
1 will demonstrate crew transportation capability to Earth orbit by
2014 and will verify crew CEV and CLV readiness to support the
Spiral 2 mission to the Moon. The following Spiral 2 program will
develop, demonstrate, and deploy the additional capability to
support human missions to the lunar surface no later than 2020.
The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program will enable the
development and demonstration of power generation, propulsion,
life support, and other key capabilities required to support more
distant, more capable, and longer duration human and robotic
exploration of the Moon, Mars, and other destinations.

This program supports Objective 7.1. For more information, see
http://exploration.nasa.gov/constellation/index.html.

The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)
program will provide capabilities critical to
the Vision for Space Exploration.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

911.4

526.0

1,120.1

1,579.5

1,523.7

1,990.9

2,452.2

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Primary activities within the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program include a CEV Systems
Requirements Review; a CLV Broad Agency Announcement; the selection of a Lead Systems
Integrator; and Directorate and Agency level approval for the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program
to begin the Concept Development and Preliminary Design phase.

Plans For FY 2006

The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program is managed at NASA Headquarters with support from all
NASA Centers through Integrated Discipline Teams.

Program Management

The Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program is a new program formulated to develop capabilities
necessary to implemet the Vision. This porgram will assure optimum integration of the CEV and
CLV.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

Constellation Systems

Theme:

SAE 6-5

DART

DART is launching in 2005 to rendezvous with an
existing satellite and demonstrate techniques and
technologies applicable to an autonomous rendezvous
and docking capability.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03
Oct-04

Sep-05
Sep-05

Form

Orbital Express

Orbital Express is joint project with DARPA to launch in
2005. It will demonstrate Autonomous Rendezvous and
Docking and fluid and equipment transfer between
uncrewed vehicles in orbit.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03
Oct-04

Sep-05
Sep-05

Form

Crew Launch Vehicle

The Crew Launch Vehicle is the launch vehicle designed
to launch the CEV into orbit; it may also be used for the
launching of cargo.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-06

Oct-03

Dec-14

Sep-05

Form Jan-04 Sep-06

Crew Exploration
Vehicle

The Crew Exploration Vehicle is an element of the
System of Systems in which the crew is transported.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Dec-14

Form Oct-03 Sep-05

Constellation Systems
Lead Systems
Integrator

The Lead System Integrator is responsible for
overseeing integration of all Constellation Systems into
an overall System of Systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Dec-20

Form Jan-04 Sep-05

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

The objective of the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) program is to develop, demonstrate, and deploy
the capability to safely transport a crew to Earth orbit, conduct on-orbit test and checkout
demonstrations to prepare for missions to the Moon, and safely return the crew to Earth. The program
will develop and integrate major systems including the CEV, the CLV, and the supporting ground and
in-space systems required to meet orbital mission objectives. These integrated systems will perform
the functions of transporting the crew from the ground to Earth orbit, providing a habitable crew
environment for the mission duration, conducting on-orbit maneuvers as required, reentering Earth's
atmosphere, and safely recovering the crew.

Technical Description

NASA Centers will be fully integrated in this program through their participation in Integrated
Discipline Teams; a NASA Center will play a significant role in the future Systems Engineering and
Integration effort; and industry participants will be vital in the development of the CEV and CLV.

Eleven Concept Exploration and Refinement study teams from industry and academia to develop
innovative architectural solutions for lunar exploration and concepts for the CEV.

Key Participants

FY 2005 - The program will development and release a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the Lead
Systems Integrator for Constellation Systems. A contract based on this RFP will be awarded in
FY 2006.

FY 2005 - Constellation Systems will award the contract for Phase 1 of the CEV Development
effort (formulation to Preliminary Design Review, with a risk-reduction flight in 2008).

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-1

A modular station in orbit above the Moon. Advanced concepts and technologies such as
these are being developed by the Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme.

E xp lo ratio n S ystem s R esearch an d

T ech n o lo g y

FY 2006 PRES BUD

676.6

722.8

919.2

907.3

989.2

1,050.3

1,078.5

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-21.3

48.6

9.9

-3.9

17.5

14.3

Exploration Systems Research and
Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Exploration Systems Research and Technology (ESR&T) Theme represents NASA's commitment
to investing in the technologies that will make the ambitious goal of a safe, affordable, effective, and
sustainable human-robotic exploration program possible. Working with NASA and non-NASA
researchers and technologists, through focused investments and innovative partnerships, the ESR&T
Theme will use competitive processes to advance a range of high-leverage technologies and space
operations concepts, mature and validate key technologies, and transition them into future missions in
Exploration Systems and other NASA Mission Directorates. The ESR&T Theme will work closely with
other government agencies, industry, and academia to leverage common requirements and identify
innovative ideas.

The ESR&T Theme is composed of four programs: the Advanced Space Technology program leads
the exploratory research and development of new high-leverage technologies and concepts, and
transitions them to the Technology Maturation program; the Technology Maturation program develops
and validates novel system concepts for human-robotic exploration, and assures their timely transition
into all NASA development programs; the Innovative Partnerships program enables the creative use of
intellectual assets both inside and outside of NASA to meet Agency technology needs and benefit the
Nation; the Centennial Challenges program establishes purse awards to stimulate innovative technical
accomplishments.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Assess and address critical in-house capabilities and technology gaps.

Broad Agency Announcement to fill critical technology gaps for development of the Crew
Exploration Vehicle (Spiral 1) and the first human lunar landing missions (Spiral 2).

Complete Phase I of Advanced Space Technology and Technology Maturation projects and
initial validation of new concepts and technologies.

FY 2004 - Completed National Academy of Public Adminstration (NAPA) review of NASA
technology transfer approach and programs.

FY2004 - Realigned Research Partnership Centers (part of the Space Product Development
effort) to better conduct research that directly contributes the NASA mission.

FY 2004 - Competitively selected 70 extramural technology development projects via a Broad
Agency Announcement.

FY 2004 - Formulated new ESR&T programs to support the Vision for Space Exploration.

FY 2004 - Competitively selected 48 intramural technology development projects performed by
the NASA Centers.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The ESR&T Theme supports the Vision for Space Exploration by developing the innovative
technologies needed to implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore
the solar system and beyond.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

NASA plans to partner extensively in the implementation of the program, including significant reliance
on the expertise of academia in research and development efforts. This will provide educational
opportunities to undergraduate and graduate students in U.S. colleges and universities. In addition, by
advancing diverse, novel technologies through projects with non-traditional NASA research partners,
small businesses and others, public benefits from ESR&T will include new technologies for use in
industry and by the general public.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Exploration Systems Research and Technology work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

By identifying, developing, and transitioning new technologies that have broad potential to enable
novel systems concepts and capabilities, the ESR&T Theme makes a unique contribution to NASA's
goal of expanding human presence into the solar system for exploration and discovery, while assuring
a robust foundation of crosscutting technology for the broad spectrum of future NASA space missions.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-3

6ESRT8 Identify and test technologies to reduce the costs of mission operations. Technology
development includes autonomous and intelligent systems, human-automation interaction, multi-
agent teaming, and space communications and networking.

6ESRT3 Identify and test technologies to reduce mission risk for critical vehicle systems,
supporting infrastructure, and mission operations. Technology development includes
reconfigurable and radiation tolerant computers, robust electronics for extreme environments,
reliable software, and intelligent systems health management.

6ESRT2 Identify and test technologies to enable in-space assembly, maintenance, and servicing.
Technology development includes modular truss structures, docking mechanisms, micro-
spacecraft inspector, intelligent robotic manipulators, and advanced software approaches for
telerobotic operations.

6ESRT1 Identify and test technologies to enable affordable pre-positioning of logistics for human
exploration missions. Technology development includes high power electric thrusters and high
efficiency solar arrays for solar electric transfer vehicles, and lightweight composite cryotanks and
zero boil-off thermal management for in-space propellant depots.

11.6 Develop and deliver one new critical technology every two years in each of the following
disciplines: in-space computing, space communications and networking, sensor technology, modular
systems, robotics, power, and propulsion.

6ESRT7 Identify and define technology flight experiment opportunities to validate the performance
of critical technologies for exploration missions.

6ESRT4 Design and test technologies for in situ resource utilization that can enable more
affordable and reliable space exploration by reducing required launch mass from Earth, and by
reducing risks associated with logistics chains that supply consumables and other materials.
Technology development includes excavation systems, volatile material extraction systems, and
subsystems supporting lunar oxygen and propellant production plants.

11.4 By 2015, identify and execute a research and development program to develop technologies
critical to support human-robotic lunar missions.

6ESRT6 Develop and analyze affordable architectures for human and robotic exploration system
and mission options using innovative approaches such as modular systems, in-space assembly,
pre-positioning of logistics, and utilization of in-situ resources.

6ESRT5 Validate the ESMD research and technology development needs and opportunities by
implementing a Quality Function Deployment process, and use the results to guide ESR&T
program investment decisions.

11.3 By 2015, identify, develop, and validate human-robotic capabilities required to support human-
robotic lunar missions.

11. Develop and demonstrate power generation, propulsion, life support, and other key
capabilities required to support more distant, more capable, and/or longer duration human and
robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA
Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-4

6ESRT15 Reduce annually, the time to award competed projects, from proposal receipt to
selection.

6ESRT14 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6ESRT13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6ESRT12 Award Phase III contracts or venture capital funds to 4 SBIR firms to further develop or
produce technology for U. S. industry or government agencies.

11.8 Annually facilitate the award of venture capital funds or Phase III contracts to no less than two
percent of NASA-sponsored Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II firms to further
develop or produce their technology for industry or government agencies.

6ESRT11 Establish at least twelve new partnerships with major ESMD R&D programs or other
NASA organizations.

6ESRT10 Develop 40 industry partnerships that will add value to NASA missions.

6ESRT9 Complete 50 technology transfer agreements with the U. S. private sector for transfer of
NASA technologies, hardware licenses, software usage agreements, facility usage agreements or
Space Act Agreements.

11.7 Promote and develop innovative technology partnerships, involving each of NASA's major R&D
programs, among NASA, U.S. industry, and other sectors for the benefit of Mission Directorate
needs.

The ESR&T Theme Director is John C. Mankins.

Program Management

The change in the HST Deorbit Mission reflects a transfer of the responsibility for the mission to the
Science Mission Directorate.

Centennial Challenges

9.7

24.3

34.0

Innovative Partnerships

217.9

188.3

34.9

223.2

Technology Maturation

3.0

110.2

196.3

306.4

Advanced Space Technology

455.8

325.7

29.9

355.6

HST Deorbit Mission

89.0

-89.0

Exploration Systems Research and
Technology

676.6

722.8

196.4

919.2

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

National Research Council review of ESR&T formulation plan and review of first year of new
program direction.

Report by a panel of the National Academy of Public Administration, "Technology Transfer,
Bringing Innovation to NASA and the Nation"

Independent Review of the Research Partnership Centers conducted by Booz-Allen Hamilton.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

OMB has not yet conducted a PART review of the Exploration Systems Research and Technology
Theme.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-5

The Advanced Space Technology (AST) program develops new
technologies that will enable NASA to conduct new human and
robotic exploration missions, gather new types of scientific data,
and reduce mission risk and cost. The primary customers of
these technologies are the Exploration Systems Mission
Directorate and other NASA Mission Directorates. The advanced
system concepts, fundamental technologies, and engineering
tools developed by the program are unique to NASA needs, and
applicable across many classes of missions. Accordingly, the
research activities in the Advanced Space Technology program
are organized into five major technical areas that are
fundamentally critical to all NASA missions: Advanced Studies,
Concepts, and Tools; Advanced Materials and Structural
Concepts; Computing, Communications, Electronics, and
Imaging; Power, Propulsion, and Chemical Systems; and
Software, Intelligent Systems, and Modeling. The program
consists of a broad portfolio of exploratory research and
development projects performed by the NASA Centers and
external organizations. The program began in 2004 with the
competitive selection of 34 intramural projects and 51 extramural
projects. By 2008, these projects will develop proof-of-concept
components and subsystems that will impact NASA missions in
2014 and beyond. Technology products are transitioned to the
Technology Maturation Program for integration into
representative systems, and validation in ground and space
experiments. This program supports Objectives 11.3 and 11.6.
For more information, see
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/systems.html.

A solar electric transfer vehicle could be
used to affordably transport propellants
and other cargo from Earth orbit to staging
points near the Moon and Mars. The
Advanced Space Technology program
develops a broad portfolio of fundamental
technologies to enable innovative system
concepts like this, including high power
electric thrusters, high efficiency solar
cells, and lightweight deployable
structures.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

455.8

325.7

355.6

347.3

368.1

353.6

364.6

Advanced Space Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Advanced Space Technology

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-6

The main technical challenges that the AST program addresses are reducing mission risk and cost.
The program reduces mission risk by developing advanced engineering tools, space-durable
materials, radiation tolerant electronics, reconfigurable computers, reliable software, and intelligent
systems for health management.

The AST program reduces mission cost by developing technologies to enable in-space assembly and
maintenance, such as modular structures, docking mechanisms, intelligent robots, and telerobotic
operations approaches. The program also develops technologies to enable the affordable pre-
positioning of logistics, such as electric thrusters and solar arrays for cargo transfer vehicles, and
composite cryotanks and thermal management for in-space propellant depots.

Technical Description

Identify and test technologies to enable affordable pre-positioning of logistics for human exploration
missions. Solar electric transfer vehicles and in-space propellant depots could allow more affordable
mission architectures. Technology development includes high power electric thrusters, high efficiency
solar arrays, lightweight composite cryotanks, and zero boil-off thermal management.

Identify and test technologies to enable in-space assembly, maintenance, and servicing. This
capability could reduce mission cost by allowing standardized modular systems that can be flown on
existing launch vehicles and reconfigured for different mission applications. Technology development
includes modular truss structures, docking mechanisms, intelligent robotic manipulators, and
advanced approaches for telerobotic operations.

Identify and test technologies to reduce mission risk for critical vehicle systems, supporting
infrastructure, and mission operations. Technology development includes reconfigurable and radiation
tolerant computers, robust electronics for extreme environments, reliable software, and intelligent
systems for health management.

Identify and test technologies to enable sustainable human presence on the Moon. Technology
development includes chemical processes to extract oxygen from lunar regolith, regenerative fuel cells
and high enery density batteries to provide abundant power, and fabric materials for advanced
spacesuits and inflatable habitats.

Plans For FY 2006

The Advanced Space Technology program is managed by a team in the Exploration Systems Mission
Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

Program Management

Completed legacy projects from former Mission and Science Measurement Technology Theme
that were transferred to Exploration Systems Research and Technology.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Advanced Space Technology

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-7

Software, Intelligent
Systems, and
Modeling

Development of reliable software; intelligent systems for
robotics, space operations, and systems health
management; human-autonomy interaction; simulation
and modeling approaches.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Power, Propulsion, &
Chemical Systems

Development of energy conversion, energy storage,
power management and distribution; chemical and
electrical propulsion; thermal management; chemical
systems for processing in-situ resources

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Computing,
Communications,
Electronics and
Imaging

Development of in-space computing; space
communications and networking; electronics for extreme
environments; sensing and imaging for exploration
systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Advanced Materials &
Structural Concepts

Development of high-performance materials; advanced
mechanisms; space environments and effects models;
structural concepts for deployment and modular
assembly.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Advanced Studies,
Concepts, & Tools

Development of advanced systems concepts and
systems analysis tools; advanced studies to identify and
prioritize technology needs.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

NASA Centers perform competitively awarded and peer reviewed intramural technology
development projects in partnership with external organizations.

Industry, universities, and other government agencies perform 51 competitively selected and peer
reviewed extramural technology development projects in partnership with NASA Centers.

Key Participants

A Broad Agency Announcement for new extramural technology projects to refresh current portfolio
following Phase I termination reviews.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Advanced Space Technology

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-9

The goals of enabling human presence and activity beyond low
Earth orbit are particularly challenging and demand a robust,
ongoing commitment to innovation and new technology
development. The Technology Maturation program develops and
validates the most promising advanced space technology
concepts and matures them to the level of demonstration and
space flight validation to enable safe, affordable, effective, and
sustainable human-robotic exploration. Within the program,
technologies that are emerging from NASA's Advanced Space
Technology program and other NASA and non-NASA advanced
technology programs are matured from moderate readiness to
high levels of readiness for transition to Constellation Systems
and other applications. This new NASA program began in 2004
with the competitive solicitation of 33 Phase I pilot projects, 14 of
which are led by NASA Centers and 19 of which are led by
external organizations. The projects are in five major areas:
Advanced Space Operations; Advanced Space Platforms and
Systems; High-Energy Space Systems; Lunar and Planetary
Surface Operations; and In-Space Technology Experiments.
This program supports Objectives 11.4 and 11.6. For more
information, please see
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/systems.html.

Humans and robots are working together
to assemble a large space structure. The
Technology Maturation program develops
and demonstrates new technologies and
systems to enable a broad array of
capabilities such as in-space assembly,
maintenance, and servicing.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

3.0

110.2

306.4

307.9

388.9

475.2

483.0

Technology Maturation

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Technology Maturation

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-10

The ESR&T Technology Maturation Program, comprising mid- to high-readiness technology
maturation, demonstration and flight experiments, pursues new technologies that have the potential to
improve the affordability, reliability, safety, and effectiveness of space systems. Investment topics
include high-efficiency, low-mass solar power generation systems; high-efficiency, high-power and low
-mass electromatnetic propulsion systems; intelligent reconfigurable modular systems; robust and
reconfigurable habitation systems; space assembly, maintenance and servicing systems; reliable and
responsive ground operations systems; intelligent and agile surface mobility systems; in-situ resource
utilization systems; and lunar/planetary surface manufacturing and construction systems.

Technical Description

- Identify and test Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) technologies that could improve
reliability and effectiveness for launch vehicles and in-space systems. Incorporation of ISHM software
and sensors has the potential of improving automated and manual response to anomalous conditions.
Technology development includes multiple Client Application software technologies that could be used
in the Crew Exploration Vehicle or other space systems.

- Identify and test technologies and systems that improve the affordability and safety of space systems
through improved in-space assembly and repair capabilities. Technology development includes micro-
inspector spacecraft, teleoperated robotic maintenance systems, and advanced mating technologies
that enable low-kinetic energy docking and berthing.

- Design and test technologies for space resource utilization. Use of in situ resources can enable
more affordable and reliable space exploration by reducing required launch mass from Earth and by
reducing risks associated with "logistics supply trains" such as consumables and other materials.
Technologies include excavation subsystems, volatile material extraction subsystems, and
subsystems supporting lunar oxygen/propellant production plants.

- Identify and test advanced subsystems supporting affordable in-space transportation and power
generation that are extensible to space exploration beyond near-Earth space. Technology
development includes lightweight, high-efficiency solar power technologies; advanced electric
propulsion systems that are scaleable to cargo transfer and human spacecraft; and cryogenic fluid
management subsystems for propellant storage depots.

Plans For FY 2006

The Technology Maturation program is managed by a team in the Exploration Systems Mission
Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

Program Management

33 Phase I, pilot projects were initiated during FY 2005. During FY 2006, many of these projects
will be transitioned to Phase II and new projects will be added with a focus on near-term needs.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Technology Maturation

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-11

In-Space Technology
Experiments Program

Definition, development, and execution of flight
experiments to validate new technologies for exploration
missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Lunar and Planetary
Surface Operations

Technology maturation for surface mobility systems; in-
situ resource utilization systems; surface manufacturing
and construction systems; surface environmental
management systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Apr-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

High Energy Space
Systems

Technology maturation for solar power generation
systems; cryogenic propellant refueling systems; electric
propulsion systems; in-space cryogenic rocket engines;
aero-assist systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Advanced Space
Platforms and
Systems

Technology maturation for integrated systems health
management; intelligent modular systems; habitation
systems; communications networks.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-20

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Advanced Space
Operations

Technology maturation for space assembly,
maintenance, and servicing systems; intelligent onboard
operations systems; ground operations systems.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-10

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

NASA Centers perform 14 competitively selected and peer reviewed intramural technology
development projects in partnership with external organizations.

Industry, universities, and other government agencies perform 19 competitively selected and peer
reviewed extramural technology development projects in partnership with NASA Centers.

Key Participants

Broad Agency Announcement for competitive, peer reviewed, extramural technology projects
performed by industry, universities, and other government agencies in partnership with NASA
Centers.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Technology Maturation

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-13

The Innovative Partnerships program consists of the following
actiivities: Technology Transfer; Space Product Development;
University Research and Engineering Institutes; Small Business
Innovative Research projects; and Small Business Technology
Transfer progjects.

Small Business Innovation Research is a congressionally
mandated activity that has as its purpose the development of
innovative technology that can make important contributions to
NASA's mission and vision.

Small Business Technology Transfer Research is a
congressionally mandated activity that leverages the innovation
of U.S. research institutions in conjunction with small business.

Technology Transfer projects develop strategies and executes
plans to seek and acquire vital technologies from U.S industry to
help support NASA programs in achieving their science and
mission objectives.

Space Product Development activity seeks to advance NASA's
mission and develop opportunities for commerce in space
through research partnerships. This program element is carried
out through Research Partnership Centers, a consortia of
government, industry, and academia conducting dual use
research.

The University Research and Engineering Technology Institutes
provide strengthened ties to the academic community through
long-term sustained investment in areas of innovative and long-
range technology critical to NASA's future.

This program supports Objectives 11.7 and 11.8. For more
information see http://ipp.nasa.gov.

NASA's Innovative Partnerships program is
committed to developing partnerships
among industry, government, and
academia to effectively accomplish the
Vision and deliver benefits to the people of
Earth.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

217.9

188.3

223.2

227.0

222.2

221.4

230.9

Innovative Partnerships

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Innovative Partnerships

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-14

The program focuses on providing technological solutions for meeting NASA's needs by seeking
technologies from within NASA and from other federal agencies, U.S. industry, and academia. The
Space Product Development effort is carried out through Reseach Partnership Centers - a consortia of
industry, government, and academia that conduct dual use research that benefits the NASA mission
as well as the public. Both Small Business efforts leverage the innovation of the small business
community. Within the University Research and Engineering Technology Institutes, Institute is
comprised of a cluster of research Universities and/or NASA Centers with one University as the lead
organization.

Technical Description

Significant attention will be focused on reviewing and integrating the separate activities of the
Innovative Partnerships prorgram into one cohesive and effective portfolio of investment. Specifically
the program will accomplish the following:

-Integrate all Innovative Partnership program elements to reduce duplication, maximize synergy, and
promote overall effectiveness.

-Centralize External Contractor Network for management of NASA Technology Transfer projects at
NASA Headquarters, and implement other recommendations of the National Academy of Public
Administration (NAPA)report, "Technology Transfer, Bringing Innovation to NASA and the Nation."

Much of this effort will begin in FY 2005, but work on new Technology Transfer projects (under the
new management structure) will not begin until FY 2006, and the implementation of all
recommendations in the NAPA report will necessarily continue through FY06.

Plans For FY 2006

The Innovative Partnership program is managed by a team in the Exploration Systems Mission
Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

Program Management

Program:

Innovative Partnerships

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-15

University Research
and Technology
Institutes

University Research and Technology Institutes are
grants for basic research in nanotechnology.
Agreements expire in 2007 as initially planned.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-07

Form

Space Product
Development

Space Product Development sponsors partnerships
involving consortia of government, industry, and
academia to conduct dual use research.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Dec-20

Form

Technology Transfer

Technology Transfer develops strategies to seek and
acquire vital technologies from U.S industry to support
NASA missions, and makes NASA technologies
available to the private sector.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Dec-20

Form

Small Business
Technology Transfer
Research

Small Business Technology Transfer Research
leverages the innovation of U.S. research institutions in
conjunction with small business.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Dec-20

Form

Small Business
Innovative Research

Small Business Innovation Research fosters innovative
technology development, increases small business
participation in federal projects, and enhances private
sector commercialization.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Dec-20

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

Small business, industry, universities, state and local government agencies

Key Participants

Small Business Innovative Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Research awards
will be granted per the usual award cycle.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Innovative Partnerships

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-16

The Centennial Challenges program conducts prize competitions
for revolutionary, breakthrough accomplishments that advance
solar system exploration and other NASA priorities. Some of
NASA's most difficult technical challenges may require novel
solutions from non-traditional sources of innovations. By making
awards based on actual achievements instead of proposals,
NASA hopes to tap innovators in academia, industry, and the
public that do not normally work on NASA issues. Centennial
Challenges is modeled on successful past prize competitions,
including an 18th century navigation prize, early 20th century
aviation prizes, and more recent prizes offered by the U.S.
government and in the private sector.

For more information see:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/centennialchallenge/cc_index.html

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

9.7

34.0

25.0

10.0

Centennial Challenges

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Centennial Challenges plans to prepare and announce at least three new prize competitions in FY
2006.

Plans For FY 2006

The Centennial Challenges Program is managed at NASA Headquarters by the Exploration Systems
Mission Directorate.

Program Management

Centennial Challenge major award purses have been delayed because pending legislation to
authorize challenge purses in excess of $250,000.00.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Centennial Challenges

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 7-17

- Centennial Challenges issues prize competitions, or challenges, in key technical areas supporting the
Vision for Space Exploration. Prize purses for each challenge remain available until awarded or for the
duration of that challenge. Challenges are open to U.S. citizens who are not government employees or
as otherwise detailed in the eligibility rules of the individual challenge.

- Centennial Challenges has and will continue to conduct workshops to solicit new challenges ideas.
Centennial Challenges works closely with other NASA programs to ensure that individual challenges
align with NASA goals. Challenges are planned in the areas of low-cost robotic space missions; highly
mobile, capable and survivable robotic systems; and fundamental advances in key spacecraft
technologies.

Technical Description

RISK: A key risk for Centennial Challenges is the overhead costs associated with administering
prize competitions. MITIGATION: To ensure that these overhead costs do not overwhelm
budget resources available for prizes, the Centennial Challenges program carefully considers
overhead costs when constructing the rules for each prize competition and employs best
techniques to monitor and manage support contracts for prize administration.

Risk Management

Key participants in the Centennial Challenges program include the teams that compete for various
prizes, support contractors that help administer individual prize competitions, and partners that
contribute funding or in-kind resources to individual prize competitions.

Key Participants

Centennial Challenges plans to renew or re-compete support contracts for the administration of
Centennial Challenge prize competitions in FY 2006.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Centennial Challenges

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-1

NASA's ability to explore the Solar System will be enhanced by the nuclear systems
developed by Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology.

P ro m eth eu s N u clear S ystem s an d

T ech n o lo g y

FY 2006 PRES BUD

431.7

319.6

423.5

500.6

614.0

779.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-6.2

-109.4

-1.5

74.6

190.0

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and
Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology focuses on research and development of advanced
nuclear energy systems to enable future space exploration. The Theme also funds research in
supporting power and propulsion systems, materials development, integrated spacecraft systems, and
other capabilities. Nuclear energy would enable significantly expanded space exploration capabilities
by offering substantially greater power than previously developed systems and significant future
growth in areas such as spacecraft propulsion, communications, maneuverability, endurance, and
scientific instrument capabilities.

An investigation of Jupiter's icy moons will not be the first demonstration for Prometheus Nuclear
Systems and Technology, as concerns over costs and technical complexity prompted NASA to defer
the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission. NASA is now conducting a Prometheus Analysis of
Alternatives to identify a mission relevant to exploration and scientific goals, with reduced technical,
schedule, and operational risk.

NASA will work with its partners at the Department of Energy to develop these new technologies,
materials, and engineered systems through agreements and working partnerships with the
Department of Energy Office of Naval Reactors (DOE-NR) and Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE). DOE-NR is
NASA's partner in developing the space nuclear fission reactor while DOE-NE is NASA's partner in
research and technology development of second generation space nuclear power technologies.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology Theme

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-2

In Earth orbit solar energy is sufficient to power current systems that enable human activity in space.
New exploration missions will have requirements exceeding what solar power can provide, particularly
for surface and outer planet applications. Prometheus systems can solve problems posed by these
missions that have no other practical solution.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

In the 2002 Science and Engineering Indicators published by the National Science Foundation, the
needs of the nuclear engineering and commercial nuclear energy industry were identified as key
communities that are in need of new capabilities, and more importantly, a new generation of scientists
and engineers to maintain the systems and perform the work. Prometheus will inspire a new
generation of scientists and engineers from a very broad range of disciplines, and will fund research
programs in universities with engineering and science departments, thus increasing the talent pool that
may be attracted to these industries. Therefore, Prometheus-funded efforts in advanced power
conversion and power generation will enable expanded university-based research programs.

Prometheus has incorporated processes and plans to build public trust in NASA's stewardship of
nuclear technologies. Prometheus incorporates plans for communications, engagement, and outreach
activities designed to inform the public about the program and these technologies within the broader
context of the Vision, and with DOE's assistance, is seeking to build public trust in NASA's stewardship
of this technology.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The research and infrastructure used to develop reactor fuels and power systems at a high power and
temperature level suitable for advanced space robotic and human exploration offers the prospect for
improvements and applications to other missions in space and on Earth. Research to develop reactor
fuels and power systems suitable for advanced space robotic and human missions enabled by
Prometheus will be applicable to a range of missions in space and here on Earth. Additionally, the
work funded by NASA would enable revitalization of the nation's nuclear engineering and research
infrastructure.

The partnership created by NASA with DOE NR and the aerospace industry brings together three
diverse technical communities and cultures: the spacecraft design and mission operations community,
the nuclear reactor design, development, and operations community, and the technology development,
large-scale spacecraft engineering community. Merging these communities is essential and will lead
to improved communication and sharing of methodologies for testing, modeling, and analysis. This
partnership will improve the level of understanding between different communities on various
approaches to the design, manufacture, and operation of complex technical systems.

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-3

6PROM5 Reduce annually, the time to award competed projects, from proposal receipt to
selection.

6PROM4 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6PROM3 Complete component level tests and assessments of advanced power conversion
systems.

6PROM2 Verify and validate the minimum functionality of initial nuclear electric propulsion (NEP)
spacecraft capability.

6PROM1 Following completion of the Prometheus Analysis of Alternatives, complete space
nuclear reactor conceptual design.

11.5 By 2016, develop and demonstrate in-space nuclear fission-based power and propulsion
systems that can be integrated into future human and robotic exploration missions.

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA
Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Conduct the "NASA Dialogue on Nuclear Energy for Space Exploration" to understand public
concerns and engage diverse stakeholders in discussions on the need and uses of these
technologies.

Conduct advanced research and development and conceptual studies for follow-on and second
generation missions and applications.

Following completion of the Prometheus Analysis of Alternatives, initiate preliminary design of
a nuclear demonstration mission.

Conduct technology development of structures, systems, and components for an initial nuclear
technology demonstration.

Prometheus 1 Spacecraft Design and Integration contract was competitively awarded to
Northrop Grumman Space Technologies (NGST). NGST is partners with NASA and DOE-NR
in the design of Prometheus 1.

Competitively awarded four contract teams and competitively selected four additional teams to
conduct advanced nuclear electric propulsion technology research.

NASA and DOE-NR signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the development of nuclear
space reactor.

DOE-NR completed formulation of a development plan, schedule, and budget for a
Prometheus 1 space reactor.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-5

The Advanced Systems and Technology program develops and
demonstrates advanced nuclear technologies and engineered
systems necessary to support our goal of more distant, more
ambitious, and longer duration human and robotic exploration of
Mars and other destinations. Specifically, this program will
conduct advanced research and development for follow-on and
second generation advanced missions and applications that
follow the first space nuclear mission. The program would build
upon technology developed for initial Prometheus missions to
develop systems with the performance necessary for crew or
cargo vehicles to Mars and for other advanced exploration
missions. This includes initial activities geared towards
development of nuclear fission based power systems for robotic
and human exploration.

This Program supports Objective 11.5. For more information see:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/prometheus.html.

The Lithium-fed Lorentz Force Accelerator
being developed by a Princeton University
led NRA team.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

54.8

35.0

33.8

49.2

64.4

79.5

Advanced Systems and Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Conduct technology research and development activities for advanced nuclear electric propulsion and
other power conversion systems, with component system level tests and assessments to be
completed by 2006.

Plans For FY 2006

The Advanced Systems and Technology program is managed at NASA Headquarters.

Program Management

Research in this program has been adjusted to reflect new priorities for the Theme, better aligning
technology development with the results of the Analysis of Alternatives and ESMD requirements.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Advanced Systems and Technology

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-6

Long-Range Reactor
Systems Technology

Assess, research, and develop systems and fuel
technologies for high power levels needed for advanced
human and robotic applications in future exploration
missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Advanced Nuclear
Propulsion Systems

Assess, research, and develop advanced nuclear
propulsion technologies needed to support future human
exploration missions and applications.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Dec-10

Form

Advanced Fission-
Based Power Systems

Assess, research, and develop multiple high-power
thermal-to-electrical system technologies needed for
electric propulsion and advanced power applications.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-20

Form

Advanced Nuclear
Electric Propulsion

Assess, research, and develop multiple advanced in-
space propulsion technologies, including very high power
nuclear electric systems to support future human
exploration missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-20

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Advanced Systems and Technology program develops and demonstrates advanced nuclear
technologies and engineered systems for missions and applications that follow the first nuclear
demonstration mission. Key Advanced Systems and Technology program research areas include
advanced nuclear electric propulsion, advanced fission-based power systems, advanced nuclear
propulsion systems, and long-range nuclear reactor systems technology development. To the extent
practical, Advanced Systems and Technology research will be peer-reviewed and competitively
awarded. To ensure that these systems can be integrated into future human and robotic explorations
missions, procurement task requirements will undergo a strategy-to-task-to-technology process.

Technical Description

No new major acquisitions planned for FY2006.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Advanced Systems and Technology

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-7

The Nuclear Flight Systems program develops nuclear reactor
power and associated systems that will enhance NASA's abilities
to conduct exploration and science operations in the Solar
System. These nuclear-powered systems will provide
transformational and unprecedented capabilities that will
significantly improve future exploration and science missions,
including: more complex mission operations in space such as
advanced maneuverability, active navigation, and high-powered
science and surveying instrument operation; high band width
communications to Earth; transportation of cargo for human
support to exploration destinations; power generation for
destination surface systems; or robust scouting missions in
advance of human endeavors.

Upon completion of the Prometheus Analysis of Alternatives, the
Nuclear Flight Systems program will initiate conceptual design of
a space nuclear reactor demonstration. In support of this effort,
the program maintains two interrelated activities. Through the
Office of Naval Reactors, the program sponsors nuclear
technology and engineering development activities necessary to
develop a space-qualified nuclear reactor, beginning with
conceptual design for a near-term demonstration. Concurrently,
NASA is developing spacecraft structures, systems, and
components that are suitable for integration with a high-power
space nuclear reactor system. Products will be developed in a
phased approach to accomodate increasing mission complexity,
as appropriate to spiral development.

This program supports Objective 11.5. For more information see:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/prometheus.html.

Testing of a High Power Electric
Propulsion Thruster at Glenn Research
Center

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

376.9

284.6

389.8

451.4

549.6

699.5

Nuclear Flight Systems

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Conduct technology development for Nuclear Electric Propulsion spacecraft structures, systems, and
components.

Plans For FY 2006

The JIMO mission will not be the first Prometheus demonstration. NASA is now conducting an
Analysis of Alternatives to identify an alternative mission relevant to exploration and scientific
goals.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Nuclear Flight Systems

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Theme:

SAE 8-8

Prometheus 1

The Prometheus-1 mission will serve to demonstrate the
capabilities of a space nuclear reactor, as well as reduce
risks associated with the development of future
Prometheus missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-05

Oct-05 Dec-20

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Nuclear Flight Systems Program will develop technologies with unprecedented exploration and
science capabilities. These include the ability to maneuver in space, operate high-powered science
and surveying instruments, and provide high band-width communications to Earth. These robotic
explorers will have sufficient power to ultimately be employed as robust pathfinders for scouting
missions in advance of human endeavors in deep space.

Technical Description

RISK: The key development and schedule risks for the Nuclear Flight Systems Program are the
uncertanties in design and construction of a space nuclear fission power plant. MITIGATION:
This risk will be mitigated by initiating design, development, and construction of a first prototype
space nuclear fission power plant that would be developed for limited-time operation in space.
This prototype will provide lessons learned and proof of concept demonstrations to reduce
technical uncertainties.

Risk Management

Nuclear Flight Systems has partnered with the Department of Energy Office of Naval Reactors in
the development of space nuclear reactor power plants.

Key Participants

In 2006 no new major contracts are anticipated. Preliminary design for a new Prometheus 1
demonstration will be conducted, and reactor prototype development will be conducted under
DOE-NR direction.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

The Nuclear Flight Systems Program is managed at NASA Headquarters, with the Promtheus 1
program office located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Program Management

Program:

Nuclear Flight Systems

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-1

H u m an S ystem s R esearch an d

T ech n o lo g y

FY 2006 PRES BUD

985.6

1,003.9

806.5

796.7

812.4

818.5

815.8

Changes from FY 2005 Request

19.0

-26.3

-123.3

-122.4

-116.8

-115.4

Human Systems Research and Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Human Systems Research and Technology (HSR&T) Theme represents a new focus for the
programs and projects of the former Biological and Physical Research Enterprise (BPRE). By
transforming the BPRE organization and adopting a requirements-based philosophy in the redirection
of its programs NASA will be able to reprioritize ISS research and realize efficiencies in its investments
by focusing them on technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar system. Such
efficiencies allow NASA to adjust the investment profile for HSR&T and still return significant benefits
to the space program and the Nation.

Programs in this Theme will advance the technologies directly supporting long-term human habitation,
survival, and performance. As a result NASA will be sure that future systems are designed to most
effectively and efficiently utilize the human system. HSR&T programs assure the timely development,
documentation, and communication of key research results that will improve medical care and human
health maintenance in future space exploration missions. These results will ensure that decisions
concerning the design and operation of future human systems are informed by the best available
knowledge. The Theme is comprised of three programs: the Life Support and Habitation program, the
Human Health and Performance program, and the Human Systems Integration program.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Human Systems Research and Technology Theme

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Complete the technology trade studies for both the in-space and surface extra-vehicular activity
(EVA) suits.

Revise and update standards for human cognition, human performance, assessment, and
human interfaces.

Complete study and deliver report on lunar radiation protection requirements.

Early completion of the renal stone countermeasure development project.

Begin testing of bone and cardiovascular countermeasures in space.

HSR&T has shifted from a discipline-focused Theme to a requirements-driven product-delivery
Theme. A zero-based program review was initiated in to identify gaps in research required to
support ESMD.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

HSR&T supports NASA's mission to explore the universe by reducing long-duration mission cost and
risk in the areas of crew health and performance, life support and habitation, and improved extra
vehhicular activities. HSR&T will carry out critical research using the International Space Station to
enable long-duration human space missions.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

HSR&T will promote the technical education of future scientists, engineers, and health care
professionals by providing direct opportunity to participate in space exploration projects. The
development of advanced technologies for autonomous medical care, closed-loop life support, and
resource recycling will provide benefits to the quality of life across the world.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Human Systems Research and Technology work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

HSR&T is a requirements-driven program that strives to enable the Vision for Space Exploration by
developing advanced capabilities, supporting technologies, and foundational research that enables
affordable and sustainable human exploration missions. HSR&T will deliver solutions for crew health,
safety, and productivity in deep space that reduces mission risk and cost.

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-3

6HSRT4 Demonstrate the ability of the hand-held water monitoring system to detect spacecraft
water biocides and high-priority metal contaminants in ground testing.

6HSRT3 Demonstrate the ability of the advanced spacecraft air monitoring system to detect 90%
of the high-priority air contaminants in ground testing.

11.1 By 2010, develop new, reliable spacecraft technologies to detect fire and monitor air and water
for contamination.

6HSRT20 Complete physics database for shielding in region above 2GeV per nucleon.

8.8 By 2008, develop a predictive model and prototype systems to double improvements in radiation
shielding efficiency.

6HSRT19 Conduct ground testing of the Sabatier unit to demonstrate reliability in recovering
oxygen and water from carbon dioxide.

6HSRT18 Conduct next generation lithium hydroxide (LiOH) packaging tests to improve carbon
dioxide removal efficiency.

6HSRT17 Start technology testing and assessment of the Solid Waste Compaction processor.

6HSRT16 Complete and deliver for launch experiments to explore new lightweight heat rejection
technologies.

6HSRT15 Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Fluids Integrated Rack.

6HSRT14 Define requirements for the Condensing Heat Exchanger Flight experiment focused on
improving space condenser reliability.

6HSRT13 Start validation testing of a spacecraft water purification system called the Vapor Phase
Catalytic Ammonia Removal Unit.

8.7 By 2010, identify & test technologies to reduce total mass requirements for life support by two
thirds using current ISS mass requirement baseline. By 2010, identify and test technologies to
reduce total mass requirements for life support by two thirds using current ISS mass requirement
baseline.

6HSRT11 Deliver report from National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements on
lunar radiation protection requirements.

8.6 By 2008, reduce the uncertainties in estimating radiation risks by one-half.

6HSRT10 Start testing of bone & cardiovascular countermeasures in space.

6HSRT9 Complete renal stone countermeasure development.

8.5 By 2008, develop and test the following candidate countermeasures to ensure the health of
humans traveling in space: bisphosphonates, potassium citrate, and mitodrine.

8. Focus research and use of the ISS on supporting space exploration goals, with emphasis on
understanding how the space environment affects human health and capabilities, and
developing countermeasures.

NASA Objectives

Human Systems Research and Technology Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA
Mission :

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-4

6HSRT24 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due
date to selection, by 5% per year, with a goal of 130 days.

6HSRT23 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6HSRT22 Increase annually, the percentage of grants awarded on a competitive basis.

6HSRT21 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research
facilities.

Efficiency Measures

6HSRT2 Complete the system requirements review for both the in-space and surface exploration
EVA suits.

6HSRT1 Complete the technology trade studies for both the in-space and surface EVA suits.

11.9 By 2010, develop and test Extravehicular Activity (EVA) space and surface suit technologies for
use on crewed exploration missions.

6HSRT8 Develop a revised space materials flammability characterization test method and update
NASA-STD-6001 accordingly.

6HSRT7 Complete and deliver for launch the Droplet Flame Extinguishment in Microgravity
Experiment aimed at quantifying fire suppressant effectiveness.

6HSRT6 Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR).

11.2 By 2010, develop methods to quantify material flammability and fire signatures in reduced
gravity.

6HSRT5 Support development of a new generation of reliable spacecraft smoke detectors by
finishing measurements of ISS background particulates using the DAFT experiment and delivering
for launch the Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME).

The Theme Director is Dr. Eugene Trinh.

Program Management

Human Systems Integration

248.9

-42.1

206.8

Human Health and Performance

422.5

-123.7

298.8

Life Support and Habitation

332.5

-31.6

300.9

Biological Sciences Research

364.9

Physical Sciences Research

357.3

Research Partnerships and Flight Support

263.4

Human Systems Research and Technology

985.6

1,003.9

-197.4

806.5

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

External non-advocate panels conducting Theme-wide Zero-Based Review.

Set priorities for ISS research by the National Academy of Science.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Office of Management and Budget has not yet conducted a PART review of the Human Systems
Research and Technology Theme.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-5

Life Support and Habitation focuses on enabling human
exploration beyond low Earth orbit by:

A) Closing the loop for air, water, and food to make exploration
missions feasible and to reduce mission logistics and cost. The
emphasis will be on introducing new technologies, ensuring the
extension of life cycles, introducing new maintainability
capabilities, and validating low- and reduced-gravity critical
processes.

B) Developing a robust surface and space extra vehicular activity
(EVA) suit and associated technologies required for missions
beyond low Earth orbit. New suit designs and prototypes will be
validated in relevant environments and provided to the
Constellation Systems Theme.

C) Achieving a new level of reliable and maintainable life support
and environmental monitoring and control systems. Emphasis will
be to enhance reliability, maintainability, portability, and system
distribution.

D) Developing novel technologies to enhance exploration crew
autonomy through the capabilities to manufacture replacement
tools, mechanical parts, or to produce resources for human life
support using in-space or in-situ planetary resources.

This program supports Objectives 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3. For more
information see:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/human.html.

Life Support and Habitation focuses on
enabling human exploration by developing
next generation extra-vehicular activity
technologies for in-space and surface
exploration suites.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

332.5

300.9

282.7

280.8

266.7

254.8

Life Support and Habitation

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Life Support and Habitation

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-6

Complete the technology trade studies for both the in-space and surface EVA suits.

Complete the system requirements review for both the in-space and surface exploration EVA suits.

Demonstrate the ability of the advanced spacecraft air monitoring system to detect 90 percent of the
high-priority air contaminants in ground testing.

Demonstrate the ability of the hand-held water monitoring system to detect spacecraft water biocides
and high-priority metal contaminants in ground testing.

Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Combustion Integrated Rack.

Complete and deliver for launch the Droplet Flame Extinguishment in Microgravity (DAFT) Experiment
aimed at quantifying fire suppressant effectiveness.

Develop a revised space material flammability characterization test method and update NASA-STD-
6001 accordingly.

Support development of a new generation of reliable spacecraft smoke detectors by finishing
measurements of ISS background particulates using the DAFT experiment and delivering for launch
the Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment.

Start validation testing of a spacecraft water purification system called the Vapor Phase Catalytic
Ammonia Removal Unit.

Define requirements for the Condensing Heat Exchanger flight focused on improving space condenser
reliability.

Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Fluids Integrated Rack.

Complete and deliver for launch experiments to explore new lightweight heat rejection technologies.

Plans For FY 2006

This program is managed at NASA Headquarters and supported by technical and project management
at the NASA Centers.

Program Management

This transformation will create efficiencies in HSR&T investments by focusing them on
technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar system.

The program has transformed from a discipline focus to a requirements-driven product-delivery
focus. A zero-based program review was initiated in to identify gaps in research required to
support ESMD.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Life Support and Habitation

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-7

Contingency
Response Technology

Enhances fire safety by developing new technologies for
prevention, detection, and suppression. Develops
advanced fabrication, repair, and habitat technologies
that reduce mission risk.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-03 Dec-20

Form

In-situ Life Support
Processes

Develops advanced technologies that reduce mission
resource requirements by obtaining life support
consumables locally.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-03 Dec-20

Form

Applied Exploration
Research

Conducts advanced concepts exploration research that
provides a foundation for new exploration technologies.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-03 Dec-20

Form

Advanced
Environmental
Monitoring and
Control

Supports development of new spacecraft technologies to
reliably monitor air, water, and surfaces for
contamination.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-03 Dec-20

Form

Advanced EVA
Systems

Develops next-generation EVA technologies for in-space
and surface exploration suits.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-03 Dec-20

Form

Advanced Life Support

Supports development of advanced technologies to
close the life support system loop to enable long-duration
exploration missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-04 Dec-20

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

The objective of the Life Support and Habitation program is to provide cost-effective, requirement-
driven technology solutions that reduce risk, enable sustainable exploration missions, and enhance
crew safety. Key areas of focus are the development of extra vehicular activity technologies for in-
space and surface exploration suits; long-term sustainable spacecraft life support systems; monitoring
and maintenance of crew cabin environmental conditions; contingency response capabilities (fire
protection, detection, and suppression; in-situ resource utilization for fabrication and repair) and in-situ
life support processes.

Technical Description

FY 2005 - Spiral 1 Technology Infusion Braod Agency Announcement for HSR&T technologies
specific to life support, habitation, and EVA technologies.

FY 2005 - Water recovery and purification Broad Agency Announcement in cooperation with the
Office of Naval Research.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Life Support and Habitation

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-9

Human Health and Performance delivers research and
technology knowledge and tools in four areas of life sciences that
will enable human space exploration:

A) Human health countermeasures, including exercise devices
and prescriptions, recommendations for artificial gravity use,
understanding and requirements for use of drugs and nutrition, as
well as countermeasures for individual body systems degradation
due to exposure to the space environment.

B) Tools and techniques to improve medical care delivery to
space exploration crews. These include preventive medicine
strategies, tools and advanced instrumentation for autonomous
medical care, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as a
medical informatics database.

C) Biomedical knowledge and tools to improve estimation of
space radiation health risks to human crews of acute and life-long
carcinogenesis, brain and other tissue non-cancer damage, as
well as heredity and fertility changes, and to develop and test
effectiveness of existing and novel radiation shielding materials.

D) New information in exploration biology, that will identify and
define the scope of problems which will face future human space
explorers during long periods of exposure to space.

This program supports Objectives 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, and 8.8. For
more information see:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/human.html.

Crew member exercising on the treadmill
located in the Zvezda Service Module of
the International Space Station. Research
investigations are being performed on ISS
crewmembers to address the risks
associated with space flight, to better
understand how the various human
physiological systems are responding to
space flight, and to develop
countermeasures (e.g., exercise,
pharmacology) to slow or prevent any
deleterious changes from occurring.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

422.5

298.8

303.0

319.6

327.7

339.9

Human Health and Performance

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Human Health and Performance

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-10

The program performs systematic studies of human physiological, behavioral, and chemical changes
induced by space flight. The program consists of four program elements: Human Health
Countermeasures, Exploration Biology, Autonomous Medical Care, and Space Radiation. NASA is
accumulating long-term data on adaptation to the space environment. The Human Research Facility
is hardware that provides the major on-orbit capability to perform this research, including high-
resolution imaging for diagnostics and research applications for human organs. NASA studies areas
of concern to human well-being and performance, such as renal stone risk, bone loss, and the effects
of ionizing radiation to ensure human safety during space exploration is maximized.

Technical Description

Early completion of the renal stone countermeasure development project.

Begin testing of bone and cardiovascular countermeasures in space.

Complete study and deliver report on lunar radiation requirements.

Complete physics database for shielding in region above 2 GeV per nucleon.

Begin collecting medical data on "space norms" - the "normal" biological and physical medical levels in
space.

Begin phase II of the artificial gravity project.

Plans For FY 2006

This program is managed at NASA Headquarters and supported by technical and project management
at the NASA Centers.

Program Management

This transformation will create efficiencies in HSR&T investments by focusing them on
technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar system.

The program has shifted from a discipline focus to a requirements-driven product-delivery focus. A
zero-based program review was initiated in to identify gaps in research required to support ESMD.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Human Health and Performance

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-11

Space Radiation

Evaluates the radiation risks to astronauts engaged in
exploration missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-10

Form

Autonomous Medical
Care

Identify techniques to improve astronaut medical care
and crew health optimization

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-10

Form

Exploration Biology

Conduct studies on the impact of reduced gravity on
human performance and formulate predictive models of
human responses to microgravity.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-10

Form

Human Health
Countermeasures

Identify countermeasure techniques to protect astronauts
from the harmful effects of the space environment.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Risks include limited up-mass to ISS and a limited number of test subjects with exposure to
long-duration microgravity. MITIGATION: Develop innovative techniques to process medical
samples on orbit rather than bringing back to Earth for analysis; increase modeling and data
analysis capability to leverage limited data points; focus program on "must do" research to enable
safe human exploration of space.

Risk Management

NASA Headquarters, NASA Centers, the Space Biomedical Research Institute, universities, the
life sciences research community, industry, and other government agencies.

Key Participants

FY 2006 - Broad Agency Announcement for ground- and flight-based research for health in space
supporting autonomous medical care and countermeasures.

FY 2006 - Broad Agency Announcement for ground-based studies for radiation biology and
radiation shielding.

FY 2005 - Broad Agency Announcement to develop human health countermeasures.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Human Health and Performance

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-12

Human Systems Integration research and technology
development is driven by Agency needs for crew health; design
of human spacecraft, space suits, and habitats; efficient crew
operations; medical operations; and technology development to
enable safe and productive human space exploration.

Behavioral health and performance research contributes to
medical standards, guidelines, and requirements and produces
design tools and diagnostic measures for the Chief Health and
Medical Officer, flight surgeons, and astronauts. The technical
areas supported by this program include sleep and
chronobiology, neurobehavioral performance, cognitive
dysfunction, and psychosocial adaptation.

Space human factors engineering research produces engineering
standards, guidelines, requirements, design tools, training
systems and evaluation approaches to support the astronauts,
design engineers, and missions operations. The scope of this
research includes physical, cognitive, and team performance
factors.

The program is currently funding research that addresses
identified needs in physical and cognitive performance factors,
psychosocial adaptation, neurobehavioral adaptation, and sleep
and circadian rhythms. This research is important because the
human subsystem has physical and cognitive interface
requirements that must be addressed in spacecraft design and
operation. Team performance factors (human-automation and
human-human coordinated activities) are vital to successful
mission performance. Missions must be designed to be
accomplished by available combinations of crew and automation.

This program supports Objectives 11.1 and 11.9.
http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/human.html

Humans inside and outside a spacecraft
use robotic arms to explore our universe.
Safety and mission success depend upon
teamwork. Teamwork relies on everyone
being cognitively and physically ready to
perform.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

248.9

206.8

211.0

212.0

224.2

221.0

Human Systems Integration

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Human Systems Integration

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-13

The program supports research on the body's internal clock in order to help astronauts adjust to the
Martian day and to shift sleep schedules during flight operations in Earth orbit or extended duration
missions. The program is revising NASA-STD-3000, Human-System Integration Standards, to reflect
lessons learned from the Space Shuttle and ISS missions. The Multi User Systems and Support
project enables the utilization of the ISS by: preparing various medical and engineering research
payload elements for integration with ISS facilities; planning payload operations for upcoming ISS
increments, insuring data distribution to U.S. and International Partners; and is an important element of
ESMD efforts to develop critical technologies and human health data for future exploration missions.

Technical Description

Revise and update standards for human cognition, human performance, assessment, and human
interfaces.

Perform research for interventions for dysfunctional neurobehavioral performance.

Initiate research in training for multi agent team effectiveness.

Initiate research in unobtrusive, objective assessment tools for stress reactions.

Perform research in identifying effective communication and interpersonal styles for small teams.

Perform research in the safety of using blue light as a tool in resetting the body's internal clock.

Implement plans resulting from the "Human Cognition in Space Workshop: Metrics and
Models" (October 2004) and the "Human-Systems Integration Stakeholder Workshop" (January 2005).

Plans For FY 2006

This program is managed by NASA headquarters with significant participation from NASA Centers for
technical and project support.

Program Management

This transformation will create efficiencies in HSR&T investments by focusing them on
technologies applicable to human exploration of the solar system.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Human Systems Integration

Human Systems Research and Technology

Theme:

SAE 9-14

Multi-User System and
Support

Multi-User System and Support projects enable effective
ISS operations and utilization.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Feb-16

Form

Space Human Factors
Engineering

Research in this area identifies physical, cognitive, and
team performance factors that will lead to training and
operating procedures that best prepare astronauts for
mission operations.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-20

Form

Behavioral Health and
Performance

Research in this area contributes to medical standards,
guidelines, and requirements for human space flight
operations.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res Oct-04 Dec-20

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Additional risks to successful human operations in space include poor team interaction; a
lack of sleep and circadian rhythm shifts; and, errors in cognitive function. MITIGATION: HSI
mitigates these risks by soliciting research and technology development addressing the underlying
causes of human performance failures.

RISK: Risks to the successful integration of humans and engineered systems come from
inappropriate task design and roles assigned to crew members; poor human-software and human-
hardware interface design; and, inappropriate uses of automation and robotics. MITIGATION:
HSI mitigates these risks by soliciting research and technology development to understand the
underlying causes of human performance failures and to develop measurement and detection
techniques and to develop and validate countermeasures.

Risk Management

Key stakeholders are represented on the Human Systems Integration Steering Group including:
the Astronaut Office, Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer, and Space Operations
Mission Directorate Medical Operations.

Key Participants

Major planned acquisitions will be aligned with ESMD intramural and extramural solicitations.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Human Systems Integration

Mission Directorate:

Aeronautics Research

SAE

10-1

The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is developing the technologies to provide precise
knowledge of vehicles and weather conditions, optimized interaction between humans and
automated systems, and advanced vehicle technologies that will enable a safer, more secure,
efficient, and environmentally friendly air transportation system.

AERONAUTICS RESEARCH

Purpose

Over the last century, aviation has evolved into an integral part of our economy, a cornerstone of
national defense, and an essential component of our every-day life. Aviation generates more than $1
trillion of economic activity in the United States every year. Americans rely on aviation not just for
transportation but for recreation as well. Its growth has been fueled by the ability of aviation to offer
very safe, affordable, fast, predictable movement of goods and people. Just as the Nation has
become more dependent on faster and more efficient air travel, important challenges have emerged.
Those challenges include the reduction in the fatal accident rate; the need to ensure the safety and
security of air travel after the September 11 attacks; the reduction of air and noise pollution, which
impose restrictions on the number and type of aircraft operating in certain areas; and improvement
of efficiency/capacity of the air traffic and airport systems.

The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) supports the NASA mission to understand
and protect the home planet. NASA's investment in aeronautics research plays a key role in the
technology developments that are necessary to solve the challenges faced by the aeronautics
community and thereby creates a safer, more secure, environmentally friendly, and efficient national
aviation system as well as supporting revolutionary science. Research areas include advanced
propulsion technologies using hydrogen fuel, airframe and propulsion technologies for noise
reduction, lightweight high-strength structures, modern decision support tools, revolutionary display
and control systems, adverse weather countermeasures, adaptive controls, and advanced vehicle
designs. In collaboration with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), research is conducted in air
traffic management technologies for new automation tools and concepts operations. Similarly
research is conducted in collaboration with the Department of Homeland Security to improve the
security of the National Airspace System (NAS). For more information see: http://www.aero-
space.nasa.gov/

Theme

Aeronautics
Technology

Mission Directorate:

Aeronautics Research

SAE

10-2

FY 2004 Accomplishments

During FY 2004, the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate made substantial progress in
developing aeronautics technologies that, when implemented, will support a 21st century air
transportation system that is safer, more efficient, environmentally friendly, flexible, and able to meet
the increasing demands of the Nation.

World Speed Record.

The Hyper X (X-43A) scramjet flight test vehicle again set a new aeronautical

speed record for an aircraft powered by an airbreathing engine when it flew at nearly Mach 10 on
November 16, 2004. This high-risk flight was a follow-on to the March 2004 flight, that had set the
previous speed record of Mach 6.8. An important product of flight research was its successful
collection of never before obtained data on actual scramjet operation. This data will be used to
validate scramjet ground predictions and modeling codes.

Detection of rogue aircraft

A prototype of the Rogue Evaluation And Coordination Tool (REACT)

was evaluated using a live traffic feed over eight hours, for both the Fort Worth, Texas, and
Washington, D.C., air traffic control centers. REACT demonstrated the ability to detect aircraft that
are deviating from their expected flight paths using four detection algorithms. It also predicted the
length of time before the incursions entered into restricted airspace. These capabilities will enhance
public safety by mitigating the potential for catastrophic harm that might otherwise result from a
rogue aircraft.

Aviation Synthetic Vision

Complementary simulation and flight-test evaluations of low-cost

forward-fit and retrofit Synthetic Vision System (SVS) technologies were performed for general
aviation (GA) aircraft. The new system will improve situational awareness by giving pilots “enhanced
vision,” sensor-based information about terrain and man-made features when visibility is obscured.
The Synthetic Vision System creates an artificial, computer-generated view, based on a detailed
terrain database. Although the pilot may not be able to see the ground through the fog, a computer
screen presents the landing site accurately based on map and terrain information. Results from this
effort demonstrated the efficacy of SVS displays to eliminate a primary cause of general aviation
accidents (controlled flight into terrain) and greatly improve pilot situational awareness.

Reducing sonic booms.

An aircraft traveling through the atmosphere continuously produces air

pressure waves similar to waves created by the bow of a ship. When the aircraft exceeds the speed
of sound, the pressure waves merge to form shock waves, which are heard as a sonic boom when
they reach the ground. The annoyance and damage generated by these sonic booms has been one
of the limiting factors for routine supersonic flight over land. In a joint program conducted by NASA,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(

DARPA), and the Northrop Grumman Corporation,

the forebody of an F-5 fighter was modified to test the theory that by changing an aircraft’s shape,
the shape of the sonic boom can be adjusted to reduce its impact on the public. This technology
may enable a generation of supersonic aircraft that are far less disturbing to the public.

Advanced Air Transportation Technologies project Completion

The Advanced Air

Transportation Technologies (AATT) project was successfully completed. The project developed Air
Traffic Management decision-making technologies and procedures that enabled greater flexibility
and efficiencies of the National Airspace System (NAS) dynamic. Over a five-year time span, AATT
project developed, demonstrated, and transitioned several active decision support tools to the FAA,
which will enable improvements in NAS throughput, user flexibility, and predictability while
maintaining safety. This includes the Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor, which allows
controllers to manage arrival flows across multiple routes and arrival points more efficiently. An
analysis of the integrated benefits shows the project has achieved its goals of enabling an increase
in terminal throughput by 35 percent and an increase in en route throughput by 20 percent.

Mission Directorate:

Aeronautics Research

SAE

10-3

Theme Distribution

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Aeronautics Technology

1056.8

906.2

852.4

Total

1056.8 906.2 852.4

Aeronautics Research

The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) plays a key role in creating a safer, more
secure, environmentally friendly, and efficient air transportation system, and developing new uses
for science or commercial missions. The ARMD serves the Nation through the development of
technologies to improve aircraft and air system safety, security, and performance; reduce aircraft
noise and emissions; and increase the capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System.
ARMD leads U.S. aeronautics by enabling technologies, beyond the immediate horizon of its
customers and industrial partners. ARMD also conducts research that will enable uncrewed aerial
vehicles (UAVs) to be used for revolutionary Earth and space science missions.

ARMD's research is done in partnership with other government agencies, academia, and industry to
ensure effective development and transfer of new technologies. As part of a national effort, NASA
and FAA Joint Planning and Development Office have developed an integrated plan (blueprint) for
the Next Generation Air Transportation System. This blueprint will lead to the transformation of
America's air transportation network by 2025. ARMD develops and transfers technologies that
create a safer, more secure, environmentally friendly, and efficient air transportation system.

ARMD consists of three integrated programs: The Aviation Safety and Security program mitigates
actions that would cause damage or loss of life; the Airspace Systems program enables
revolutionary improvements to the National Airspace System; and the Vehicle Systems program
demonstrates technologies to reduce aircraft noise, enable a zero emissions aircraft, and develop
UAVs for Earth and space science missions. Highlights for FY 2006 include:

Development of a modeling and simulation capability for National Airspace Systems.

Development of strategic management tools for National Airspace Systems.

Development of wake vortex operation procedures and standards to safely increase the terminal area
capacity and allow reduced separation standards for wake vortex avoidance considerations.

Demonstration of prototype Distributed National Archives for Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA)
and Aviation Safety Action Program data with the FAA.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $852.4 million, a 6 percent decrease from the FY 2005 budget:

$192.9 million for Aviation Safety and Security projects to decrease accident and fatality rates.

$200.3 million for Airspace Systems projects to provide technologies that can dramatically increase the
capacity and mobility of the Nation’s air transportation system.

$459.1 million for Vehicle Systems projects to demonstrate technologies that will reduce aircraft noise and
emissions, and to develop uncrewed aerial vehicles for Earth and space science missions.

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-1

A notional vision for the National Air transportation System in 2025, which will allow airport
and airspace capacity to be more responsive, adaptable, and dynamic.

A ero n au tics T ech n o lo g y

FY 2006 PRES BUD

1,056.8

906.2

852.3

727.6

730.7

727.5

717.6

Changes from FY 2005 Request

22.5

-13.0

-104.4

-210.2

-195.0

-214.4

Aeronautics Technology

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Aeronautics Technology (AT) serves the Nation through the development of technologies to
improve aircraft and air system safety, security and performance; reduce aircraft noise and emissions;
and increase the capacity of the National Airspace System (NAS). AT leads U.S. Aeronautics by
developing revolutionary technologies, beyond the immediate horizon of our customers and industrial
partners. The research is considered "barrier breaking," developing relevant demonstrations of
technologies that show feasibility to remove the first-order barriers. AT also conducts research that
enables revolutionary aerial vehicles to be used for science missions.

AT's research is done in partnership with other agencies, academia, and industry to ensure effective
development and transfer of new technologies. As part of a national effort, NASA has supported the
Joint Planning and Development Office to develop an integrated plan (blueprint) for the Next
Generation Air Transportation System. Using this blueprint, AT conducts the long-range research and
develops/transfers technologies that will enable the transformed system by 2025.

AT consists of three integrated programs: Aviation Safety & Security (technology to mitigate actions
that would cause damage or loss of life); Airspace Systems (enables revolutionary improvements to
the NAS); and Vehicle Systems (enables environmentally friendly aviation systems and the use of
revolutionary uncrewed aerial vehicles for science missions.)

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Aeronautics Technology Theme

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Demonstrate prototype Distributed National Archives for Flight Operations Quality Assurance
and Aviation Safety Action Program data with participation of multiple airlines, vendors, and the
FAA.

Downselect appropriate next-generation noise reduction technologies for validation.

Develop wake-vortex operation procedures/standards.

Successfully complete the SATS integrated technology demonstration and assessment

Develop strategic management tools for Natonal Airspace Systems.

NASA/FAA demonstrated the ability of rogue software to detect aircraft that are deviating from
their expected flight paths and predict entry into restricted airspace.

Successfully completed the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies project that developed
ATM decision-making technologies & procedures which enabled greater flexibility and
efficiencies of the NAS.

NASA's successful X-43A flight demonstrated that an air-breathing scramjet engine can fly at
nearly 10 times the speed of sound. A world speed record was also set on this flight.

NASA demonstrated that by altering the contours of a supersonic aircraft, the shockwave and
its accompanying sonic boom can be shaped to greatly reduce the intensity of a sonic boom on
the ground.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

AT supports the NASA mission to understand and protect the home planet. AT has the primary
responsibility of providing advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next-
generation systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

The technologies that are being developed by AT will enable a future where individuals have on-
demand, as well as scheduled air mobility allowing travel where we want, when we want, faster, safer,
and without delays to both rural and urban areas. This is a future where the noise associated with
aviation operations will be confined within the airport perimeter, where aircraft emissions will be below
objectionable limits, where avoidable aircraft accidents will be a thing of the past, and where the
security of commercial aircraft operations is not a concern.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Aeronautics Technology work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Over the last century, aviation has evolved into an integral part of our economy, a cornerstone of
national defense, and an essential component of our every-day life. Aviation generates more than $1
trillion of economic activity in the United States every year. Americans rely on aviation for
transportation and recreation. Its growth has been fueled by the ability of aviation to offer very safe,
affordable, fast, predictable movement of goods and people. Our Nation has become more dependent
on moving people and goods faster and more efficiently via air. NASA's investment in the AT theme
enables technologies that are necessary to create a safer, more secure, environmentally friendly, and
efficient national aviation system as well as supporting revolutionary science missions both in our
atmosphere and in atmospheres of other worlds.

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-3

6AT10 Demonstrate a HALE ROA reconfigurable flight control architecture (VSP)

12.8 Develop and validate technologies that would increase the capabilities of uninhabited aerial
vehicles in terms of duration, altitude, autonomy, and payload.

6AT4 In partnership with the FAA, the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST), and the aviation
community, provide an initial demonstration of a voluntary aviation safety information sharing
process. (AvSSP)

6AT3 Evaluate and prioritize NASA's aviation safety technology portfolio to determine the impact
on the National Airspace System. (AvSSP)

12.7 Develop and validate technologies (by 2010) that would enable a 70 percent reduction in the
aircraft fatal accident rate (from the average of accident statistics for US Civil Aviation for the period
1991 - 1996).

6AT7 Successfully complete the SATS integrated technology demonstration and final assessment
(ASP)

6AT6 Complete development of system-wide evaluation and planning tool (ASP)

6AT5 Conduct successful operational demonstration of multifacility time-based metering in
complex airspace (ASP)

12.6 Develop and validate technologies (by 2009) that would enable a doubling of the capacity of the
National Airspace Systems (from the 1997 NASA utilization).

6AT11 Complete trade study of unconventional propulsion concepts for a zero-emissions vehicle
(VSP)

12.4 By 2010, flight demonstrate an aircraft that produces no CO2 or NOx to reduce smog and lower
atmospheric ozone.

6AT8 Downselect components for noise reduction that will be validated in a relevant environment
to verify their potential to achieve 4dB noise reduction (VSP)

12.3 Develop and validate technologies that would enable a 10-decibel reduction in aviation noise
(from the level of 1997 subsonic aircraft) by 2009.

6AT2 Complete the assessment of the Security Program technology portfolio with regard to risks,
costs, and benefits and project the impact of the technologies on reducing the vulnerability of the
air transportation system. (AvSSP)

6AT1 Security system concepts defined that provide reduced vulnerability from intentional attacks,
including protected asset flight system concept of operation, evaluation of information distribution
vulnerabilities, evaluation of strategy for aircraft damage emulation, definition of fuel flammability
needs, identification of key environmental background for on-board sensing, and requirements for
processing of large security related databases. (AvSSP)

12.2 Develop and validate technologies (by 2009) that would enable a 35 percent reduction in the
vulnerabilities of the National Airspace System (as compared to the 2003 air transportation system).

12. Provide advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next generation
systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes, in our atmosphere and in atmospheres
of other worlds.

Aeronautics Technology Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-5

Vehicle Systems

641.4

568.6

-109.5

459.1

Airspace Systems

232.3

152.2

48.1

200.3

Aviation Safety & Security

183.1

185.4

7.5

192.9

Aeronautics Technology

1,056.8

906.2

-53.9

852.3

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

ARMD conducts a monthly review of the progress and performance of each program. In
addition, ARMD conducts an in depth review of each program on a quarterly basis. The ARMD
also reports the status and accomplishments of each of its programs to the Agency Program
Management Council on a quarterly basis. There are no program performance issues.

During CY 2003, the National Research Council conducted a detailed technical and quality
assessment of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. The assessment concluded that
the quality of the programs is very good and provided some recommendations for
improvement. NASA is working on the implementaion of these recommendations. The NRC will
be conducting these reviews every three years.

The Aeronautics Research Advisory Committee assesses the relevance of the ARMD research
programs on a semi-annual basis. The reviews have reinforced the comments from the NRC
that ARMD is conducting quality and relevant research. Beginning in 2005, the committee will
also be assessing the effectiveness of the ARMD technology transfer activities.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Aeronautics Technology (AT) Theme received a PART rating of "moderately effective." The
assessment concluded that AT has a clear purpose and was developing the technologies required to
address the challenges facing the civilian aviation community to the point where they can be
transitioned to a customer in government or industry. Furthermore AT had established challenging
long term and annual goals that were measurable and verifiable, and directly supported its strategic
objectives. The assessment also determined that there was an effective use of independent
evaluations and other management processes to both accurately monitor progress of the individual
research tasks and integrate these results into an accurate assessment of overall technical progress.
Specifically, the NRC provided a set of recommendations that AT is currently implementing.

The overall assessment was that AT's performance compared favorably to similar programs in both
the private sector and other government agencies. It also found that AT could improve its performance
by increasing the use of a peer review process in the selection of research tasks, implementing
processes to improve and track the efficiencies and cost effectiveness of the AT portfolio, and to
restructure the program to better focus on projects that have a federal role.

NASA is establishing procedures to increase the use of competition based selection of its research
projects and activities and to monitor and improve the efficiency of the AT portfolio. In addition, as
reflected in this budget request, AT has also transformed its program to focus on projects that
demonstrate breakthrough technologies/capabilities. The key aspects of this action was to change
from a philosophy of broad technology based research and technology to a few focused projects for
development and demonstrations of barrier breaking technologies, reducing the number of
independent research activities to a selected number of high-risk, high-payoff demonstrations, and the
elimination of incremental aeronautics technology projects.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-6

The Aviation Safety and Security (AvSSP) program conducts
research and technology that directly addresses the safety and
security needs of the National Airspace System (NAS) and the
aircraft that fly in the NAS. AvSSP will develop prevention,
intervention, and mitigation technologies and strategies aimed at
one or more causal, contributory, or circumstantial factors of
aviation accidents. High priority is given to strategies that address
the largest contributors to accident and fatality rates, as well as
those that address multiple classes of factors. AvSSP will also
develop concepts and technologies to reduce the vulnerability of
aircraft and the NAS to criminal and terrorist attacks while
dramatically improving the efficiency of security. AvSSP will also
develop and integrate information technologies needed to build a
safer and more secure aviation system, to support pilots and air
traffic controllers, as well as provide information to assess
situations and trends that might indicate unsafe or unsecure
conditions before they lead to fatalities or damage.

To accomplish the stated objectives, technology development
activities will be managed within the following aviation security
and safety projects: Aircraft and System Vulnerability Mitigation;
Secure Aircraft Systems for Information Flow; System
Vulnerability Detection; Aircraft Systems Self-Diagnosis and Self-
Reliance; Integrated Flight Deck Information Systems, High
Temperature Hazard Mitigation; Integrated Safety Data for
Strategic Response; Threat and Human Error Management; and
Design Tools and Operations for In-Flight Icing.

For information see: http://www.aero-
space.nasa.gov/programs/program_org/as.html

The Aviation Safety and Security program
conducts research and development
targeted toward protecting air travelers and
the public.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

183.1

185.4

192.9

173.5

170.5

176.2

176.3

Aviation Safety and Security

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

As a technology development program, the AvSSP will provide technical capabilities and increase the
likehood of technology implementation. Three Aviation Security projects--Aircraft System Vulnerability
Mitigation, System Vulnerability Detection, and Secure Aircraft Systems for Information Flow--will
define security concepts and requirements that provide reduced vulnerability from intentional attacks.
In partnership with the FAA, the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST), and the aviation
community, Aviation Safety projects will provide an initial demonstration of a voluntary aviation safety
information sharing process. This operational prototype of a proactive risk management system will be
used by the aviation community for safety issue identification and resolution.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Aviation Safety and Security

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-8

Integrated Safety Data
for Strategic Response

Demonstrate a common time-delimited working
prototype of a network-based integration of information
sources allowing assessment of National Aviation
System safety risk.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

Design Tools &
Operations for In-
Flight Icing

Develop & transfer technologies for sensing, fusing, and
disseminating icing weather information; predicting in-
flight icing effects; and improving weather hazards
training

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

High Temperature
Hazard Mitigation

Develop, demonstrate, and transfer technologies that
detect hidden fires and provide real time hot section
engine prognostics

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

Threat and Human
Error Management

Develop, demonstrate, and transfer technologies that
prevent unsafe flight situations due to breakdown
between human and machine interface

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

Integrated Flight Deck
Info Systems

Advanced technology designs that promote optimal flight
-crew performance, workload allocation, and situation
awareness through the application of intuitive human-
centered design principles

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

Aircraft Systems Self
Diagnosis and Self-
Reliance

Dev & demo technologies that automatically detect &
correct degraded conditions in flight critical systems &
structural components; and provide control resiliencey in
unstable conditions

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-10

Form

Secure Aircraft
System for Information
Flow

Develop technologies & concepts for a protected
airspace surveillance system; remote monitoring of acft.
onboard systems & environment; and secure &harden
acft. datalinks & onboard networks

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-09

Form

System Vulnerability
Detection

Identify and inform managers of existing, yet unidentified,
and new security vulnerabilities within the air
transportation system and mitigate the consequences of
hostile acts

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-04 Sep-09

Form

Aircraft & system
vulnerability mitigation

Develop and advance technologies that will mitigate
consequences to the aircraft from an intentional attack,
and secure the flow of information to and on the aircraft.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-04 Sep-09

Form

Weather Safety
Technologies

Develop & foster the transfer of technologies that will
reduce the role of atmospheric conditions (weather,
including icing & turbulence) in aviation fatal accidents,
incidents, and injuries

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-97 Sep-05

Form

System Safety
Technologies

Develop, demonstrate, and transfer technologies to
provides a pro-active system-wide approach to aviation
safety risk mgmt. enabling a reduction in frequency &
severity of undesired events

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-97 Sep-05

Form

Vehicle Safety
Technologies

Develop, demonstrate, and transfer technologies that
protect and prevent damage to aircraft due to fire, fuel
tank explosions, and loss of control from unusual attitude
conditions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-97 Sep-05

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

Program:

Aviation Safety and Security

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-9

Aviation System
Vulnerability

Develop, demonstrate, and transfer technolgoies that
inform and protect users of the Air Transportation
System.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-09 Sep-12

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Given customer need and requirements changes, there is a possibility that the long-range
plans and strategic roadmap will need to be changed. MITIGATION: AvSSP will frequently
monitor customer needs through participation in industry and other agency forums.

RISK: Given the loss of critical workforce/skills/facilities, there is the possibility that cost and
schedule may be impacted. MITIGATION: AvSSP will monitor and track progress using
automated systems and scheduled/ad hoc reviews to assess budget, schedule, and technical
status.

RISK: Given the possibility that competing funding requirements draw funding away from research
and development, there is a high probability that project activities may be descoped or eliminated.
MITIGATION: AvSSP will monitor and track progress, and maintain descope prioritization for
program, projects, and subprojects and leverage opportunities with other agencies and industry.

RISK: Given the uncertainties associated with advancing existing and introducing new
revolutionary technologies, there is a possibility that cost and schedule may be impacted.
MITIGATION: AvSSP will manage a balanced portfolio of revolutionary, as well as retrofit,
technologies. AvSSP will monitor and track progress and maintain descope prioritization.

Risk Management

Existing partnerships for Safety research and technology development include Commercial
Aviation Safety Team (CAST), General Aviation Joint Steering Committee (GAJSC), and a
NASA/FAA Joint Working Group (JWG). Currently formalizing a partnership with TSA for security-
specific activities.

Key Participants

Operator Intent Identification; seek release sources, anticipate full and open competition for
contract. Performer TBD.

Secure Airspace Decision Support Tool development; task to be added to previously competed
contract. Performer is CSC.

Secure Communication & Onboard Network research; award an advanced communication
research tech. contract under full and open competition; complete task orders among sets of
qualified contractors (TBD)

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Aviation Safety and Security

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-10

The Airspace Systems Program (ASP) enables revolutionary
improvements and modernization of the National Airspace
System, as well as the introduction of new systems for vehicles
that can take advantage of an improved, modern, air
transportation system. The ASP has identified three strategic
foci: 1) Efficient Traffic Flow further develops aircraft operations
and management efficiencies; 2) System-wide Operations
Technologies maximize and expand operational efficiencies for
the National Airspace System (NAS) with global interaction; and,
3) Airspace Human Factors enhance human performance,
interaction and reliability in the use and design of complex
systems.

ASP consists of seven projects categorized within these strategic
foci. Efficient Aircraft Spacing develops technologies to aid
aircraft in maintaining safe separation and efficient traffic flow.
Efficient Flight Path Management develops tactical traffic
management tools to maintain efficient traffic flow. Virtual
Airspace Modeling and Simulation develops/assesses advanced
system-level air transportation concepts. Small Aircraft
Transportation System develops technologies to enable small
aircraft to operate at non-towered/non-radar airports. Strategic
Airspace Usage develops strategic traffic management tools and
system-wide operations technologies. Space-based Technologies
develops communications, navigation, and surveillance
technologies, architectures, and systems. Finally, Human
Measures and Performance develops fundamental knowledge for
the efficient and safe operation of aviation systems by their
human operators. For more information see: http://www.aero-
space.nasa.gov/programs/program_org/asp.htm

The Airspace Systems program develops
advanced air transportation technologies,
concepts, and modeling for a more efficient
and global-interactive National Airspace
System.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

232.3

152.2

200.3

180.5

174.6

177.9

175.7

Airspace Systems

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

ASP will continue to develop technical capabilities to increase the efficiency of the National Airspace
System. Efficient Traffic Flow will, along with the FAA, develop technologies for coordinated aircraft
operations and standards for wake vortex dependent operations. System-wide Operations
Technologies will develop and validate modeling capabilities and develop global communication,
navigation, and surveillance infrastructure technologies. Airspace Human Factors will conduct
research aimed at bridging technology gaps for complex human-machine aviation systems. ASP will
perform implementation planning for the Next Generation Aviation System through participation in the
Inter-Agency Joint Planning and Development Office.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Airspace Systems

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-12

Transformation of the
National Airspace
System

Develop technology required for the establishment of an
agile air traffic system that accommodates future
requirements and readily responds to shifts in demand.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-09 Sep-15

Form

Technology
Integration

Integrate technologies across project, domain, and
infrastructure boundaries and conduct system studies
and system analyses.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form

Human Measures and
Performance (HMP)

Develop human performance measurements and design
standards.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form

Space-based
Technologies (SBT)

Develop advanced communitations, navigation, and
surveillance (CNS) technologies and architectures.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Strategic Airspace
Usage (SAU)

Develop long-term decision support tools ands strategic
planning tools to evolve the NAS toward the envisioned
future NAS.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Efficient Flight Path
Management (EFPM)

Develop strategic planning tools for Air Traffic Service
Providers and Airline Operations Centers, which reduce
delays in the NAS while increasing system throughput.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Efficient Aircraft
Spacing (EAS)

Develop wake vortex operation procedures/standards to
increase safety and capacity in the terminal area;
develop distributed air/ground traffic management
concepts.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Oct-08

Form Oct-03 Sep-04

Virtual Airspace
Modeling and
Simulation (VAMS)

Develop future NAS operational concepts; develop
modeling and simulation capability/ environment to
assess new operational concepts at the domain and
system level.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Oct-06

Form

Small Aircraft
Transportation System
(SATS)

Develop and demonstrate vehicle technologies to enable
increased utilization of local and regional airports.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-01 Oct-05

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Beg

End

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Implementation Schedule:

Existing partnerships include Joint NASA/ FAA Inter-Agency Product Team, Next Generation
Aviation System of the Joint Planning and Development Office, FAA/Air Traffic Controllers, Airline
Operations, and Aircraft pilots

Key Participants

Avionics development: full and open competition through cooperative agreements, with industry

Software Development: full and open competition with University Affiliated Research Centers
(UARC).

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Airspace Systems

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-14

The Vehicle Systems program is transforming itself to better
focus on demonstrations of breakthrough of aeronautics
technologies for protecting the Earth's environment and enabling
science missions. The program will demonstrate revolutionary
technology concepts through flight demonstrators that are beyond
the scope of conventional air vehicles. Preliminary plans are to
focus on the four specific projects that are described. Over the
next year, the program will work with the aeronautics community
to define the scope of the overall program. The environmental
focus will have two thrusts: noise reduction and emission
reduction. Noise reduction work will address unconventional
transport aircraft that are so quiet that objectionable noise would
stay within the airport boundaries, and sonic boom mitigation
strategies to determine what level of sonic boom is acceptable to
the general population. Emissions reduction work will address
the revolutionary zero-emissions aircraft, a hydrogen powered
fuel-cell aircraft with cryogenic electronic motors embedded in the
wings. The science and exploration focus will target the
demonstrations of High-Altitude Long-Endurance Remotely-
Operated Aircraft (HALE ROA) to achieve specific Earth and
space science missions. A sequence of demonstrators is in
development that will increase the durations, range, and payload
of these air vehicles. Extensions of the same technologies will
someday be used for flight in the atmosphere of Mars and other
planets. For more information see: http://www.aero-
space.nasa.gov/programs/program_org/vsp.htm

An F-5E, with a modified nose, starts a
flight to demonstrate that sonic booms can
be shaped. This special aircraft
demonstrated that proper shaping of a
supersonic aircraft could diminish the
boom intensity and pave the way for quiet
supersonic flight.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

641.4

568.6

459.1

373.6

385.5

373.5

365.6

Vehicle Systems

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The program is planning to transform into four focused projects, each having a seperate activity for this
year. The subsonic noise reduction project, will downselect components for reduction of fan, jet, and
airframe noise that will be validated in a relevant environment to verify their potential to achieve 10dB
noise reduction. The sonic boom reduction effort will focus on flight demonstration of component
technologies to prove promising concepts for enhanced sonic boom mitigation. Trade studies will be
completed to identify unconventional propulsion concepts that will enable realizing the goal of zero
emission aircraft. The HALE-ROA project will demonstrate reconfigurable flight control architecture on
a piloted vehicle, through flight testing. Policy changes will be proposed to the FAA, that would permit
routine operation of HALE-ROA above 40,000 ft.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Vehicle Systems

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-15

High-Altitude Long-
Endurance Remotely-
Operated A/C

Flight demonstration of 14-day duration HALE ROA
"hurricane tracker" with validated procedures for flying
HALE ROA in the National Airspace System above
18,000 feet.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Sep-15

Form

Zero Emissions
Demonstration

Flight demonstration of zero emissions aircraft using
hydrogen fuel cells and eliminating aircraft emissions
due to carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-11

Form Oct-04 Sep-05

Sonic Boom Reduction

Demonstration in flight that a fully shaped supersonic
aircraft will produce sonic boom levels substantially lower
than conventional aircraft, enabling regulatory
reconsideration.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-05 Sep-11

Form Oct-04 Sep-05

Subsonic Noise
Reduction

Flight demonstrated, validated 10dB noise reduction
relative to the current best in fleet for subsonic transport
category aircraft.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-04 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The program will demonstrate in-flight innovative, breakthrough capabilities for preserving our
environment, and for conducting science missions. Specific capabilities to be developed over the next
five years are: validate noise reduction for subsonic transport aircraft leading to a 10dB noise reduction
relative to current best-in-fleet as demonstrated in flight on transport aircraft; demonstrate in flight a
fully shaped supersonic aircraft will produce sonic boom levels substantially lower than conventional
aircraft; demonstrate in flight a zero-emissions hydrogen fuel-cell powered aircraft; develop and
demonstrate a 14-day duration HALE aircraft; and validate procedures for flying HALE ROA in the
airspace above 18,000 feet.

Technical Description

ARMD Program Management Council has program oversight responsibility and authority. The Projects
are implemented by DFRC, GRC, & LaRC.

Program Management

Reduce investment in conventional subsonic aircraft technology, including conventional
turbomachinery and subsonic aerodynamics.

Reduce dependence on large infrastructure investments and facilities through greater use of flight
demonstrations and revolutionary vehicle concepts.

Transform to focus on breakthrough flight demonstrations in four potential project areas of
subsonic noise reduction, sonic boom mitigation, zero emissions aircraft, and HALE ROA.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Vehicle Systems

Aeronautics Technology

Theme:

SAE 11-16

RISK: Given that technologies from other programs do not meet planned readiness levels, there is
the possibility that this program's cost and schedule may be impacted. MITIGATION: VS will
monitor and track development progress in other programs and maintain contingency plans.

RISK: Given customer needs and requirement changes, there is the possibility that the 15-year
roadmap will need to be updated. MITIGATION: VS will frequently monitoring of customer needs
through the Vehicle Sector Managers.

RISK: Given significant cost overrun/schedule slip in a project deliverable, there is the possibility
that lower priority activities may be descoped or eliminated. MITIGATION: Vehicle Systems
(VS) will track progress using the Web-based automated monthly progress reporting system and
maintain descope options based on priority.

Risk Management

Industry: GE Aircraft Engines, Pratt & Whitney, Goodrich Corp., Lockheed Martin, Boeing, all
participating in the subsonic noise reduction project. Other awardees anticipated for the
demonstration aircraft.

University: Pending foundational technology awards.

Government Agencies: DOT, FAA - Cooperation concerning aviation environmental compatibility,
aircraft noise reduction technology, impact of aviation air emissions of climate and global
atmospheric composition, and joint university research in air transportation.

Key Participants

Artemis 14-day Duration HALE Demonstrator - peer-reviewed competitive contract to design and
build a 10-day duration HALE aircraft.

Foundational Technologies - peer-reviewed competitive grants and/or contracts for innovative
technologies supporting flight demonstrations competed for awards of up to three years on a
yearly basis.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Vehicle Systems

Education

SAE

12-2

FY 2004 Accomplishments

During FY 2004, NASA’s Education Office made substantial progress in developing technologies
that, when implemented, will support inspiring and motivating students as well as ways to measure
this effort.

Educator Astronaut.

NASA’s Educator Astronaut (NEA) program facilitated 3 teachers joining the

2004 class of eleven new astronauts, which featured more Educator Astronauts than test pilots, and
equal to the number of military officers, as well as qualifications were on par with any of the other
astronauts selected in the past decade. The program also trained almost 200 teachers as its
Network of Educator Astronaut Teachers (NEAT) who are expected to annually interact with
approximately 9,000 colleague teachers to give them NASA content and teaching strategies for their
classrooms.

Explorer Schools.

The NASA Explorer Schools (NES) program increased the number of

competitively selected participating schools to 100. Educators in these schools participate in a
variety of individualized professional development activities where they are introduced to NASA
materials ranging from lesson guides to interactive multimedia programs. As part of its effort to
enhance digital content materials NASA conducted a technology assessment at 47 its Explorer
Schools, indicating that the majority of these schools had limited technology capacity.

Informal Education.

NASA engaged the informal education community through a numbers of

collaborative initiatives: 1) NASA with its partner developed town reports assessing public
perceptions and the needs of the informal community; 2) NASA sponsored a research project that
created a database containing the years of community attitudes and survey results; 3) NASA
conducted focus groups in eight locations across the country and a culture analysis; 4) NASA
issued a grant to develop baselines and begin evaluation strategies for a festival, which bring
together hundreds of middle-school girls for a festive day of science and inspiration.

e-Education.

NASA reviewed existing learning technology and down-selected two cognitive tools to

include in the NASA-sponsored Classroom of the Future’s Virtual Design Center and continued to
examine the benefits of three-dimensional visualization, comparative interfaces, graph sonification,
and virtual data collection. NASA also hosted a Summer National Teacher Association Retreat on
the topic of “Anticipating the Role of Emerging Technologies in Science Education,” which will
enable a new road mapping exercise.

Other Accomplishments.

NASA’s Science, Engineering, Mathematics, and Aerospace Academy

(SEMAA) served just over 17,000 students in almost 800 primary and secondary schools and the
Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (SHARP) placed almost 400 summer
students as interns at NASA’s Centers and partner universities.

Theme Distribution

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Education Programs

230.4

216.8

167.0

Total

230.4 216.8 167.0

Education

SAE

12-3

Education Programs

The Office of Education will provide unique teaching and learning experiences, as only NASA can,
through the Agency’s research and flight missions. Students and educators will be able to work with
NASA and university scientists to use real data to study Earth, explore Mars, and conduct scientific
investigations. They will work with NASA engineers to learn what it takes to develop technological
breakthroughs required to reach the farthest regions of the solar system and to live and work in
space. It is important that the next generation of explorers represents the full spectrum of the U.S.
population, including minority students and those from low-income families. To ensure diversity in
NASA’s future workforce, Office of Education programs pay particular attention to under-represented
groups. NASA Education will support the Nation’s universities to educate more students in science
and engineering by providing meaningful research and internship opportunities for qualified
students, plus a roadmap for students seeking NASA careers.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $167.0 million:

$28.4 million is requested for the Elementary and Secondary Education program to make available NASA-
unique strategies, tools, content and resources supporting the K-12 education community's efforts that increase
student interest and academic achievement in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
disciplines.

$39.4 million is requested for the Higher Education program to attract and prepare students for NASA-related
careers and to enhance the research competitiveness of the Nation’s colleges and universities by providing
opportunities for faculty and university-based research.

$10.1 million is requested for the e-Education program to develop and deploy technology applications, products,
services, and infrastructure that enhance the educational process for formal and informal education.

$2.8 million is requested for the Informal Education program to bolster the informal education community efforts
to inspire the next generation of explorers and enhance their capacity to engage in STEM education.

Additional education-related funding is managed by NASA’s scientific and technical Mission Directorates, in
coordination with the Office of Education.

AT H F I N D E R

N I T I AT I V E S

The FY 2006 request includes $28.8 million to continue initiatives begun in the immediately
preceding fiscal years:

$3.3 million is requested for the Educator Astronaut program, which will select teachers and transport them into
space to inspire and motivate students.

$13.9 million is requested for the NASA Explorer Schools program, which will provide target middle schools with
a customized and sustained learning environment using NASA’s most recent discoveries and latest
technologies to encourage greater interest in science and engineering careers.

$8.9 million is requested for the Science and Technology Scholarship program, which will link scholarship with
service at NASA Centers and help NASA better attract top students into its workforce.

$2.7 million is requested for Explorer Institutes, NASA’s direct link with the informal education community
(science centers, museums, planetaria, and other informal education institutions) through openly competed
grants.

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-1

The Exploration Generation -- NASA inspires the next generation of explorers...as only
NASA can.

E d u catio n P ro g ram s

FY 2006 PRES BUD

230.4

216.8

166.9

154.9

154.7

155.4

Changes from FY 2005 Request

4.1

48.3

-2.5

-15.7

-14.9

Education Programs

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Achieving NASA's mission depends upon educated, motivated people with the ingenuity to invent new
tools, the passion to solve problems, and the courage to ask the difficult questions. It is not enough to
depend on the excitement generated by NASA images. NASA must use its discoveries and
achievements to engage students and the education community. To do so, NASA provides
meaningful, educational, and content-rich programs to inspire and motivate students at all levels to
pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). NASA Educaiton
partners with academia, professional associations, industry, and other agencies to provide teachers
and faculty with experiences that capitalize on the excitement of NASA's missions to spark student
interest and involvement. Education Programs provides opportunities for involvement in NASA's
research efforts to encourage students to pursue higher education in STEM areas. Finally, Education
Programs engages the public in shaping and sharing the experience of exploration and discovery.
With the FY 2006 budget request, NASA will continue the initiatives piloted in FY 2003 (Educator
Astronaut and NASA Explorer Schools programs); in FY 2004 (NASA Explorer Institutes) in FY 2005
(NASA Science and Technology Scholarship program); and continue to more fully integrate all NASA
Education activities into a seamless pipeline of exemplary programs to inspire the next generation of
explorers and expand the pool of human capital resources available to meet NASA's needs. For more
informaion see: http://education.nasa.gov/home/index.html

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Education Programs Theme

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Continue implementation of the Aldridge Commission recommendations: 1) increase priority
on teacher training; 2) better integrate STEM education; and, 3) explore option for "virtual
space academy."

Ensure that NASA's Education portfolio addresses the needs of the the Nation by extending
students affiliation, thereby expanding the human resource pool, primarily in the STEM
disciplines.

Continue NASA Education Pathfinder Initiatives and emphasize a seamless pipeline for all
education programs that encourages students to excel in STEM disciplines.

Expanded the Explorer Schools program by selecting 50 additional schools, achieving three
year goal of engaging 150 total schools.

Launched the Science and Technology Scholarship program, awarding the first year of
scholarships.

Realigned the education portfolio consistent with the Vision for Space Exploration.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

NASA has a strong connection with education in this country, as a beneficiary receiving top talent, and
as a catalyst for inspiring interest in STEM. Building on this connection, NASA launched its pathhfinder
initiatives: Educator Astronaut, Explorer Schools, Explorer Institutes, and the Science and Technology
Scholarship programs.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

By supporting excellence in mathematics and science education and by coordinating with the
Department of Education in the Math/Science Partnership, NASA Education helps broaden the reach
of science and technology literacy programs to the education community and the general public. NASA
Education is fully responsive to its stakeholders--taxpayers--by actively engaging with other Federal
agencies and non-governmental professional education organizations.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Education Programs work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

A lack of public understanding of scientific inquiry, a retiring aerospace workforce, and job recruitment
competition for those with science and engineering degrees places future advancements in science,
aeronautics and space exploration at risk. Preparing highly qualified students for science and
engineering careers is imperative if the United States is to succeed in innovation. Preparing the
teachers who will influence those students is equally imperative. The No Child Left Behind Act
identifies the need to enhance achievement, while international comparisons in STEM subjects
demonstrate that U.S. students do not achieve to international standards in science and mathematics.
Nationally, employment opportunities in the S&E fields are projected to increase about three times
faster than the rate for all occupations between 2000 and 2010. The number of retirees in these fields
is projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years. A scientifically literate citizenry is also
critical to lend support to policy decisions involving science and technology.

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-3

6ED10 Award competitive grants to NASA Centers and informal education partners to conduct up
to 15 Explorer Institute workshops. (Informal-Ed)

13.5 Establish the forum for informal education community efforts to inspire the next generation of
explorers and make available NASA-unique strategies, tools, content, and resources to enhance
their capacity to engage in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education.

6ED9 Digitize and meta-tag up to 10% of NASA's approved learning materials to be delivered
using technology-enabled learning systems. (e-Ed)

13.4 Develop and deploy technology applications, products, services, and infrastructure that would
enhance the educational process for formal and informal education.

6ED8 Select and support 50 additional schools to participate in the NASA Explorer Schools
program, maintaining the total number at 150. (MUREP)

6ED7 Provide approximately 350 grants to enhance the capability of approximately 100
underrepresented and underserved colleges and universities to compete for and conduct basic or
applied NASA-related research. (MUREP)

6ED6 Award approximately 1,100 competitive scholarships, internships, fellowships, and research
opportunities for underrepresented and underserved students, teachers and faculty in STEM
disciplines. (MUREP)

13.3 Attract and prepare underrepresented and underserved students for NASA-related careers, and
enhance competitiveness of minority-serving institutions by providing opportunities for faculty and
university- and college-based research.

6ED5 Collect, analyze, and report longitudinal data on student participants to determine the
degree to which participants enter the NASA workforce or other NASA-related career fields.
(Higher-Ed)

6ED4 Complete a retrospective longitudinal study of student participants to determine the degree
to which participants entered the NASA workforce or other NASA-related career fields. (Higher-Ed)

6ED3 Award approximately 1,500 competitive scholarships, fellowships, and research
opportunities for higher education students and faculty in STEM disciplines. (Higher-Ed)

13.2 Attract and prepare students for NASA-related careers, and enhance the research
competitiveness of the Nation's colleges and universities by providing opportunities for faculty and
university-based research.

6ED2 Select approximately 150 student experiments, involving approximately 1,500 students, to
participate in the Flight Projects program. (Elementary/2nd-Ed)

6ED1 Conduct 12 Educator Astronaut workshops, involving approximately 240 educators.
(Elementary/2nd-Ed)

13.1 Make available NASA-unique strategies, tools, content, and resources supporting the K-12
education community's efforts to increase student interest and academic achievement in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.

13. Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate the Nation's students and
teachers, to engage and educate the public, and to advance the scientific and technological
capabilities of the Nation.

Education Programs Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-4

6ED12 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6ED11 Collect, analyze, and report the percentage of grantees that annually report on their
accomplishments.

Efficiency Measures

Dr. Adena Williams Loston is the Chief Education Officer for NASA. The governing authority is the
Education Program Management Council (EPMC).

Program Management

Minority University Research and Education

106.6

92.8

-6.6

86.1

Informal Education

5.5

10.8

-8.0

2.8

E-Education

9.7

10.6

-0.5

10.1

Higher Education

77.4

71.4

-32.0

39.4

Elementary and Secondary Education

31.3

31.2

-2.7

28.5

Education Programs

230.4

216.8

-49.9

166.9

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

Independent, credible evaluations conforming to federal guidelines and professional standards
are being conducted to determine the effectiveness of two major programs, the Aerospace
Education Services Program (AESP) and the NASA Explorer Schools (NES) program.

Several management-led program reviews have been performed to capture the current state,
needs, and recommendations from an array of NASA assets and customers. Findings from
these reviews were used to make ongoing improvements to the eduction program portfolio.
Future reviews will use the Education Program Operating Principles to evaluate program
alignment and excellence.

A peer review of all Space Grant consortia was conducted during FY 2004 as required by the
Space Grant College and Fellowship authorizing legislation. Programmatic decisions based on
the results of this peer review have been implemented, including the validation of performance
criteria and the process for selecting new consortia, to ensure all operate at an acceptable level
of performance.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) analyzed the NASA Education program using the PART
and rated the Education Programs as Adequate. OMB concluded NASA's Education Programs has
the potential to attract students to science and technology careers. NASA has reviewed the PART
findings and will begin in FY 2005 to implement actions that address these findings. In particular,
NASA will place an increased emphasis on strategic planning and performance measurement to (a)
better define expected outcomes, (b) identify appropriate measures, baselines, and tragets to
document achievements, and (c) ensure that reliable, valid, and comprehensive performance data are
collected, analyzed, and reported from all programs on an annual basis, with reports available to
stakeholders, as appropriate. NASA will also conduct regular program reviews to (a) determine the
degree to which programs are effective and relevant, (b) ensure an appropriate balance among
programs, and (c) eliminate, enhance, or add programs. Additional efforts will be made to track
participation, particularly by students, through the K-12, higher education, and other NASA Education
programs to assess the effectiveness of these programs and to engage and maintain affiliation with
NASA over time, leading to individuals joining the NASA's workforce.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-5

NASA believes that by increasing the number of students
involved in NASA-related activities at the elementary and
secondary education levels more students will be inspired and
motivated to pursue higher levels of study in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. The Elementary
and Secondary Education program engages students, educators,
families, and institutions through programs that are in place to:
increase the rigor of STEM experiences provided to K-12
students through workshops, summer internships, and classroom
activities; provide high-quality professional development to
teachers in STEM through NASA programs; develop
technological avenues through the NASA web site that will allow
families to have common experiences with learning about space
exploration; encourage inquiry teaching in K-12 classrooms;
improve the content and focus of grade level/science team
meetings in NASA Explorer Schools; and, share the knowledge
gained through the Educator Astronaut program with teachers,
students, and families.

This Program also provides NASA flight opportunities to the
diverse education community. These opportunities are available
to educators and students nationwide via flight platforms such as
the International Space Station (ISS), the Space Shuttle,
Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELVs), Scientific Aircraft, Scientific
Balloons, Sounding Rockets, and Small-Scale Rocketry. For
more information see: http://education.nasa.gov/divisions/
eleandsec/overview/index.html

By increasing the number of students
involved in NASA-related activities at the
elementary and secondary education
levels more students will be inspired and
motivated to pursue higher levels of study
in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) courses.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

31.3

31.2

28.5

25.3

24.7

25.6

25.7

Elementary and Secondary Education

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NASA Education will continue to offer the following educational opportunities in FY 2006: NASA
Educator Astronaut (NEA), the Aerospace Educator Services Program (AESP), and Flight Projects.
Each of these efforts provides unique experiences for educators and students to share in the NASA
discovery experience beginning in the very formative K-12 period. For example, the Educator
Astronaut program will select a small number of outstanding educators to become members of the
Astronaut Corps. These Educator Astronauts can then use the visibility and educational opportunities
created by their experience to inspire greater K-12 STEM achievement, to promote STEM careers,
and to elevate public esteem for the teaching profession.

Plans For FY 2006

While maintaining its current portfolio, the program will evaluate individual projects to assure
currency and to validate alignment with NASA missions and the Aldridge Commission
recommendations.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Elementary and Secondary Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-6

The Elementary and Secondary Education program is designed to provide students and educators
with tools, experiences, and opportunities to further their education and participation in unique NASA
learning experiences that enhance their knowledge of science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM). The individual efforts emphasize family involvement, which has been shown to
enhance student achievement. The program also supports the role of educational institutions, which
provide the framework to unite students, families, and educators for educational improvement. This
program integrates new components with existing NASA assets into a structure that supports local
education efforts to encourage student involvement in STEM.

Technical Description

RISK: Elementary and Secondary Education is a relatively low risk program. The primary risk is a
loss of affiliation with principal participants resulting in the loss of opportunity to reach the student
audience. Loss of affiliation is most often attributed to funding disruption or stoppage or to issues
with informational material currency and availability. MITIGATION: NASA Education will monitor
and mitigate program risk through continual evaluation of both program content and delivery
method, adjusting the content or delivery method to assure currency. Also, NASA will carefully
monitor funding levels and flow to ensure continual engagement with current and intended funding
recipients.

Risk Management

Elementary and Secondary Education activities may involve astronauts, engineers, scientists, and
mathematicians from the public and private sectors addressing NASA's related disciplines and
topics.

Primarily certified teachers from the selected schools, who will be provided professional
development in STEM subject areas.

Key Participants

A competitive cooperative agreement will be awarded to provide Nation-wide education and
management support for the NASA Education portfolio.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program management is the responsibility of the Chief Education Officer and will be conducted in
accordance with current NASA policies and procedures.

Program Management

Program:

Elementary and Secondary Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-7

Higher Education supports students and faculty at universities
and colleges to strengthen their research capabilities and provide
opportunities that attract and prepare increasing numbers of
students for NASA-related careers. Participation in NASA
programs and research can stimulate increasing numbers of
students to continue their studies at all levels of the higher
education continuum and to earn advanced degrees in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In addition,
the research conducted at the institutions of higher education will
contribute to the research needs of NASA's Mission Directorates.

The Higher Education projects are intended to serve as a major
link in the student pipeline used to address NASA's Human
Capital Strategies and the President's Management Agenda by
helping to " ... build, sustain, and effectively deploy the skilled,
knowledgeable, diverse, and high performing workforce needed
to meet the current and emerging needs of government and its
citizens."

The major project in the Higher Education portfolio include: 1)
Science and Technology Scholarship Program (STSP); 2)
Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP); 3) National Space
Grant College and Fellowship Program; and 4) Experimental
Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). For more
information see: http://education.nasa.gov/divisions/higher/
overview/index.html

NASA supports students and faculty at
universities and colleges to strengthen
their research capabilities and provide
opportunities that attract and prepare
increasing numbers of students for NASA-
related careers.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

77.4

71.4

39.4

36.7

36.8

36.7

Higher Education

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The Higher Education program will continue to engage students and universities through a wide
variety of initiatives, with particular focus on the NASA STSP, NASA Space Grant, the GSRP, and the
EPSCoR. NASA Education will continue to facilitate its work through competitive research
announcements, cooperative agreement notices, and other procurement vehicles, and multi-year
grants awarded to institutions and students in research pertinent to NASA missions. These efforts will
provide recipients with assistance for their participation in collaborative scientific and/or engineering
research or education projects which should lead to even stronger scientific and technical
infrastructure of participating institutions. All Higher Education projects will continue to focus on
retaining students in STEM disciplines through their completion of undergraduate or graduate degrees
and entry into the scientific and technical workforce.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Higher Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-8

Higher Education focuses on supporting institutions of higher education in strengthening their research
capabilities and providing opportunities that attract and prepare increasing numbers of students for
NASA-related careers, primarily in the STEM disciplines.

Technical Description

RISK: Higher Education is a relatively low risk program. The primary risk is a loss of affiliation with
a principal participant resulting in an inability to meet NASA's and the country's future workforce
needs in scientific and technical disciplines. Loss of affiliation is often attributed to funding
disruption or stoppage to a primary participant, and to a lack of currency in the funding targets.
MITIGATION: NASA Education will monitor and mitigate program risk through continual evaluation
of program performance and relevance, adjusting the portfolio to ensure an appropriate mix. Also,
NASA will carefully monitor funding levels and flow to ensure continual engagement with current
and intended funding recipients.

Risk Management

Higher Education activities may involve astronauts, engineers, scientists, and mathematicians
from public and private sectors addressing NASA's related disciplines and topics.

Students and institutional researchers (both basic and applied) from selected higher education
institutions.

Key Participants

Higher Education will continue to award multi-year grants to institutions and students using a mix
of competitive research and cooperative agreements or other appropriate procurement vehicles.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program management is the responsibility of the Chief Education Officer and will be conducted in
accordance with current NASA policies and procedures.

Program Management

Next phase implementation of the Science and Technology Scholarship Program (STSP), with
initial new hires under the service component of the STSP.

NASA will complete the phase out begun in FY 2005 of the Undergraduate Student Research
Program (USRP) because students in the STSP are required to participate in research
internships.

Higher Education will again evaluate its individual efforts to minimize duplication, provide better
alignment with NASA missions, and to ensure a more competitive award process.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Higher Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-9

In the future, powerful technologies will enable new learning
environments using simulations, visualizations, immersive
environments, game-playing, and learner networking. These
capabilities will create rich and compelling learning opportunities
that meet the needs of learners while empowering educators and
other adults to unlock a student's mind and their own potential.
Learning will be on demand. Students, educators, and the
general public will receive what they need, when they need it
anywhere, anytime. NASA is working toward this education
future, developing new methods for making its exciting
discoveries and valuable resources available to students,
educators, and the public.

The intent of e-Education is to develop infrastructure and deploy
research-based technology applications, products, and services
that enhance the educational process for formal and informal
education. Furthermore, activities under e-Education directly
support the President's Management Agenda for e-Government.

The e-Education portfolio includes the assets of Digital Learning
Network (DLN), Learning Technologies Projects (LTP), NASA-
sponsored Classroom of the Future (COTF), Education File on
NASA TV, Web services, including the NASA Public Portal and
Education home page, the suite of television and Web-based
instructional series, and electronic- and site-based dissemination
network. For more information see: http://education.nasa.gov/
divisions/techprodoffice/overview/index.html

The Picture entitled: "Technology moves in
mysterious ways -- Exciting, inspiring, and
educating the public with NASA technology
...as only NASA can."

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

9.7

10.6

10.1

8.9

9.0

8.9

E-Education

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NASA e-Education will continue to develop common procedures, capabilities, and tools to ensure that
education programs and products capture the essence of NASA and are exciting and relevant to
NASA Education's constituencies. At the same time NASA will pursue an enhanced technology
infrastructure to support delivery of and increased access to NASA content, programs, and projects by
students, educators, and public. NASA e-Education will continue to partner with mission directorates
and other NASA organizations to create rich, effective learning experiences and connections for a
range of audiences. And, e-Education will continue its implementation of an integrated DLN
throughout NASA.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

E-Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-10

NASA e-Education explore ways to maximize technology's contribution to redefining and enhancing
education by seeking partnerships with the private sector, the academic research community,
teachers, and other key stakeholders to speed the development of these technologies. NASA e-
Education fosters public-private collaborations to develop advanced technologies, such as interactive,
virtual-presence, and immersive environments and interfaces to remote instruments, that integrate the
agengy's science and engineering capabilities in order to strengthen K-12 science and mathematics
education. NASA e-Education also provides telepresence experiences, "tools," and digital resources
to aid curriculum developers, educators and informal education communities.

Technical Description

RISK: NASA e-Education is a relatively low risk program. The primary risk is a loss of affiliation
with principal participants resulting in the loss of opportunity to reach the targeted audience. Loss
of affiliation is most often attributed to a lack of informational material currency, to funding
disruption or stoppage, or to issues related to technology deployment. MITIGATION: NASA
Education will monitor and mitigate program risk through continual evaluation of both program
content and delivery method, adjusting the content and deployed technology to assure currency.
Also, NASA will carefully monitor funding levels and flow to ensure continual engagement with
current and intended funding recipients.

Risk Management

e-Education activities may involve astronauts, engineers, scientists, and mathematicians from
public and private sectors addressing NASA's related disciplines and topics.

Key Participants

A competitive cooperative agreement for ongoing services is expected for educational technology
research, learning tools and evaluation conducted through its COTF project.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program management is the responsibility of the Chief Education Officer and will be conducted in
accordance with current NASA policies and procedures.

Program Management

Project management of the Learning Technologies Project (LTP) will transition from Ames
Research Center to the Office of Education following field project conclusion in FY 2005.

e-Education will operate with a new competitive cooperative agreement for educational technology
research, learning tools and evaluation conducted through its Classroom of the Future (COTF)
project.

NASA e-Education will evaluate its individual efforts to minimize duplication, to provide better
alignment with NASA missions, and to ensure responsiveness to the Aldridge Commission
recommendations.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

E-Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-11

NASA continues to seek opportunities for partnerships and
alliances with national, state and local education organizations;
industry; and academic institutions to encourage and provide
access for more students and citizens to become active
participants in our aviation research and technology and space
exploration. The Nation's science centers, museums, planetaria,
libraries, community-based organizations, and other informal
education entities are a major source of inspiration and learning
for people from all walks of life.

Informal Education provides stimulating experiences for science,
technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) learning
outside of formal classroom environments through media,
exhibits, and community-based programming. Its goals are to
increase interest in, understanding of, and engagement with,
STEM disciplines by individuals of all ages; to establish linkages
between informal and formal education; and to stimulate parents
and others to support their children's STEM learning endeavors
and to become informed proponents for high-quality, universally
available STEM education.

As NASA builds relationships with informal education institutions,
all participants are better equipped to engage the public in
shaping and sharing the experience of exploration and discovery
and to improve public understanding and appreciation of science
and technology. For more information see: http://education.
nasa.gov/divisions/informal/overview/index.html

Informal Education provides stimulating
experiences for science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics learning
outside of formal classroom environments.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

5.5

10.8

2.8

2.4

Informal Education

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Informal Education will continue to focus on its pathfinder initiative, NASA Explorer Institutes (NEI) as
a way to broaden NASA's reach to students, their families, and the general public by strengthening the
capacity of the informal education community, including science centers, museums, planetaria, and
community-based organizations. The program will continue to establish linkages that promote new
relationships between providers of informal and formal education, resulting in improved and creative
STEM education in all learning environments. For example, the program will continue to sponsor
workshops on the STEM disciplines through NASA Centers in order to better reach the traditionally
underrepresented and underserved educational community. A focus for these workshops is to
improve the public understanding and appreciation of STEM disciplines and to enhance their scientific
and technological literacy, mathematical competence, problem-solving skills, and the desire to learn.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Informal Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-12

In cooperation with the Mission Directorates and the Office of Public Affairs, the Office of Education
leverages its partnerships with existing and future informal education partners to share NASA
discoveries and experiences. Following its coordinated plan for the implementation of the NEIs, NASA
engages science centers, museums, planetaria, community-based organizations, and other public
forums to assist sharing these discoveries and experiences. The NASA Office of Education facilitates
development of educational materials that incorporate these new discoveries and disseminates them
to its partners.

Technical Description

RISK: Informal Education is a relatively low risk program. The primary risk is a loss of affiliation
with principal participants resulting in the loss of opportunity to reach the targeted audience. Loss
of affiliation is most often attributed to a lack of informational material currency, to funding
disruption or stoppage, or to issues related to technology deployment. MITIGATION: NASA
Education will monitor and mitigate program risk through continual evaluation of both program
content and delivery method, adjusting the content and deployed technology to assure currency.
Also, NASA will carefully monitor funding levels and flow to ensure continual engagement with
current and intended funding recipients.

Risk Management

The Nation's science centers, museums, planetariums, libraries, community-based organizations,
and other informal education entities.

Key Participants

Program management is the responsibility of the Chief Education Officer and will be conducted in
accordance with current NASA policies and procedures.

Program Management

The NASA Explorer Institute (NIE) will move from a start-up phase to full implementation, with
formative and external summative evaluations developed on the NIEs.

Informal Education will evaluate its individual efforts to minimize duplication and to provide better
alignment with NASA missions and the Aldridge Commission recommendations.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Informal Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-13

NASA's outreach to minority institutions through its Minority
University Research and Education Program (MUREP) will
expand the Agency's research base through continued
investment in minority institutions' research and academic
infrastructure; contribute to the development of the science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics pipeline; and inspire
the next generation of explorers.

The NASA MUREP will achieve its objectives by employing a
comprehensive and complementary array of strategies, which will
include (1) developing new research and education collaborations
and partnerships with the NASA Mission Directorates, other
government agencies, and interested parties; (2) providing and
encouraging opportunities for faculty to conduct NASA research
early in their careers; (3) providing financial and other support for
students to enter and complete degrees in STEM disciplines; (4)
establishing measurable program goals and objectives; and (5)
developing and implementing evaluation models to assess the
effectiveness and outcomes of the programs and their financial
performance, thereby improving program delivery and results.
MUREP awards focus on building and supporting successful
pathways for students to progress to higher levels of mathematics
and science. For more information see: http://www.nasa.gov/
audience/foreducators/MUREP.html

NASA's outreach to minority institutions
contribute to the development of science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

106.6

92.8

86.1

81.6

81.8

81.7

81.6

Minority University Research and
Education

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The MUREP program will continue to engage under-represented populations through a wide variety of
initiatives, with particular focus on the NASA Explorer Schools and the Summer High School
Apprenticeship Research Program (SHARP) projects. NASA Education will continue to facilitate its
work through competitive research announcements, cooperative agreement notices, and multi-year
grants awarded to minority institutions, faculty and students in research pertinent to NASA missions.
These efforts will provide Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) with assistance for their participation in
collaborative scientific and/or engineering research or education projects which will lead to even
stronger scientific and technical infrastructure of MSIs. All MUREP projects will continue to focus on
retaining underrepresented and underserved students in a STEM discipline through their completion of
undergraduate or graduate degrees and entry into the scientific and technical workforce.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Minority University Research and Education

Education Programs

Theme:

SAE 13-14

MUREP is administered through NASA's Office of Education to increase the agency's responsiveness
to Federal mandates related to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Other
Minority Universities (OMUs), including Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) and Tribal Colleges and
Universities (TCUs). The programming staff is responsible for formulating and executing NASA's
Minority University Research and Education Program (MUREP) budget, developing agency-wide
policies, procedures and guidelines that enhance the involvement of HBCUs and OMUs in the mission
of the Agency.

Technical Description

RISK: The MUREP is a relatively low risk program. The primary risk is a loss of affiliation with the
principal particpants resulting in an inability to meet NASA's and the country's future workforce
needs in scientific and technical disciplines. Loss of affiliation is often attributed to funding
disruption or stoppage to the primary participants, and to a lack of currency in the funding targets.
MITIGATION: NASA Education will monitor and mitigate program risk through continual evaluation
of program performance and relevance, adjusting the portfolio to ensure an appropriate mix. Also,
NASA will carefully monitor funding levels and flow to ensure continual engagement with current
and intended funding recipients.

Risk Management

MUREP activities may involve astronauts, engineers, scientists, and mathematicians from public
and private sectors addressing NASA's related disciplines and topics.

Students, faculty and researchers from HBCUs and OMUs, including HSIs and Tribal Colleges
and Universities (TCUs).

Key Participants

MUREP will continue to award multi-year grants to minority institutions, faculty and students using
a mix of competitive research and cooperative agreements or other appropriate procurement
vehicles.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program management is the responsibility of the Chief Education Officer and will be conducted in
accordance with current NASA policies and procedures.

Program Management

The Minority Institutions of Excellence (MIE) and Institutional Research Awards (IRA) efforts are
being phased out with these needs addressed through the University Research Centers (URCs).

Other efforts, for example MASTAP, NRTS and PAIR, have been restructured to better align with
the concepts and recommendations of the Aldridge Commission report.

Similar to other NASA Education programs, MUREP will evaluate its individual efforts to minimize
duplication, provide better alignment with NASA missions, and to ensure a competitive award
process.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Minority University Research and Education

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

1-1

SPACE OPERATIONS

Purpose

The Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) programs ensure that the Nation will have
reliable, safe, and affordable access to space for NASA’s human and robotic explorers and open
new exploration and research opportunities through the extension of human presence in Space. The
SOMD enables NASA to achieve its goals by providing transportation systems such as the Space
Shuttle, operational research facilities in space such as the International Space Station (ISS); and
space communications systems and supporting space infrastructure. The SOMD also provides the
unique system--the human system--necessary to open the space frontier to the broadest extent
possible.

FY 2004 Accomplishments

The SOMD entered FY 2004 with an evolving Shuttle Return to Flight (RTF) plan and the objective
of resuming the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) before the end of the following
year. RTF efforts rapidly progressed from planning to hardware redesign, then to delivery of
upgraded and new flight hardware during the year. By year’s end, all indications were that the first
Shuttle launch to the ISS could be safely achieved in May of 2005 and that ISS assembly might be
resumed before the end of calendar year 2005. Meanwhile, SOMD continued close coordination
with the ISS International Partners that enabled continuous on-orbit station operations in spite of the
post-Columbia Shuttle stand-down. Using Russian-provided launch vehicles, the ISS supported a

Themes

International Space
Station

Space Shuttle

Space and Flight Support

Astronauts Michael E. Lopez-Alegria and John B. Herrington work on
the newly installed Port One truss on the International Space Station
(ISS) during the STS-113 mission. The spacewalk lasted 6 hours, 10
minutes. The end effector of the Canadarm2 / Space Station Remote
Manipulator System and Earth’s horizon are visible in bottom of
frame.

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

1-2

crew of two, successfully maintained critical onboard systems, continued to conduct research
experiments, and maintained the capability to support continued ISS assembly after the first of two
Shuttle RTF missions are completed. In the meantime, SOMD began planning for the phase-out of
the Shuttle after the completion of ISS assembly, and began planning the transition to alternative
launch services for long-term ISS logistic support and crew rotation.

The other Mission Directorates within NASA continue to maintain a high level of success for NASA
missions using commercial launch services. All three NASA-managed launches of primary payloads
in FY2004 were successful. Gravity Probe-B on April 20, 2004; Aura on July 15, 2004; and
Messenger on August 3, 2004.

Theme Distribution

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

International Space Station

1,363.7

1,676.3

1,856.7

Space Shuttle

4,060.9

4,669.0

4,530.6

Space and Flight Support

465.5

485.1

375.6

Total

5,890.1 6,830.4 6,763.0

International Space Station

This Theme supports the construction and operations of a research facility in low Earth orbit as
NASA’s first step in achieving the Vision for Space Exploration. The ISS provides a unique,
continuously operating capability to develop medical countermeasures for long-term human space
travel: develop and test technologies and engineering solutions in support of exploration; and
provide ongoing practical experience in living and working in space. It also supports a variety of pure
and applied research for the U.S. and its International Partners. ISS assembly will be completed by
the end of the decade. NASA is examining configurations for the Space Station that meet the needs
of both the new space exploration vision and our international partners using as few Shuttle flights
as possible. A key element of the ISS program is the crew and cargo services project, which will
purchase services for cargo and crew transport using existing and emerging capabilities.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $1,856.7 million; a $180.4 million (or 11 percent) increase from the FY 2005
budget. Major features of this budget include:

Funding is maintained throughout FY 2006 for continuous on-orbit operations and assembly after the Shuttle
return to flight;

Funding for Node 3 and the Environmental Control and Life Support System to accommodate research
requirements beyond the baseline capability of U.S. and International Partner Core configuration;

Funding for the acquisition of cargo and crew services to support the ISS.

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

1-3

Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is currently the only launch capability owned by the United States that enables
human access to space, and the only vehicle that can support the assembly of the International
Space Station (ISS). NASA will phase-out the Space Shuttle in 2010 when its role in ISS assembly
is complete.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $4,530.6 million; a $138.4 million (or 3 percent) decrease from the FY 2005
budget. This budget will enable:

Safe return to flight;

Continuance of ISS assembly missions; and

Planning for the phase-out of the Space Shuttle program in 2010, after nearly 30 years of duty.

Space and Flight Support

This theme encompasses Space Communications, Launch Services, Rocket Propulsion Testing,
and Crew Health and Safety. Space Communications consists of (1) the Tracking and Data Relay
Satellite System (TDRSS), which supports activities such as the Space Shuttle, ISS, Expendable
Launch Vehicles, and research aircraft, and (2) the NASA Integrated Services Network, which
provides telecommunications services at facilities, such as flight support networks, mission control
centers and science facilities, and administrative communications networks for NASA Centers. The
Launch Services program focuses on meeting the Agency’s launch and payload processing
requirements by assuring safe and cost-effective access to space via the Space Shuttle and
expendable launch vehicles. Rocket Propulsion Testing supports a core of highly trained rocket test
and engineering crews and test facilities. The Crew Health and Safety Program provide oversight
and accountability for the total scope of health and safety of NASA's astronaut corps. Plum Brook
Decommissioning will be shifted to Corporate G&A beginning in FY 2006.

Overall Budget

The FY 2006 request is $375.6 million; a $109.5 million (or 22 percent) decrease from the FY 2005
budget. The budget supports:

Communications support of human and science missions;

Launch services and support; and

Rocket Propulsion Testing.

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-1

The International Space Station is a complex of research laboratories in low Earth orbit for
conducting unique scientific and technological investigations in the space environment.

In tern atio n al S p ace S tatio n

FY 2006 PRES BUD

1,363.7

1,676.3

1,856.7

1,835.3

1,790.9

2,152.3

2,375.5

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-134.4

-186.4

92.9

55.3

12.4

37.8

International Space Station

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The International Space Station (ISS) is a complex of research laboratories in low Earth orbit (LEO) in
which American and International astronauts are conducting unique scientific and technological
investigations in a space environment. The objective of the ISS is to support scientific research for
human space exploration and other activities requiring the unique attributes of humans in space.
Consistent with the Vision for Space Exploration, NASA is refocusing U.S. Space Station research on
activities that will prepare human explorers to travel beyond LEO, such as the development of
countermeasures against space radiation and the long-term effects of reduced gravity. Two crew
members are onboard ISS and conducting research operations supported by resupply and crew
rotation using Russian Progress and Soyuz vehicles. Increased science capability must wait until on-
orbit assembly resumes after the Shuttle returns to flight.

The FY 2006 Budget request provides funding for ISS launch processing activities, vehicle on-orbit
assembly with a crew of three, logistics resupply and crew exchange, continuation of research payload
and experiment deliveries to orbit. It also includes funding for development of habitability modifications
and completion of the regenerative environmental control and life support system needed to increase
the crew capacity, consistent with human space exploration research requirements. NASA plans to
complete assembly of the ISS by the end of the decade. NASA is examining ISS configurations that
meet the needs of both the new space exploration vision and our international partners while using as
few Shuttle flights as possible. A key element in the future of the ISS program is the purchase of
alternate cargo and crew transportation services to supplement the Shuttle when it is in service, and to
replace it when it retires.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the International Space Station Theme

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Reestablish on-orbit crew of three as early as Shuttle flight ULF1.1.

Select commercial transportation service provider(s).

Resume assembly of ISS.

Maintain on-orbit operations.

Demonstrated techniques for micromanaging consumables.

Completed four successful EVA's.

Sustained two ISS crews during Shuttle stand down.

Expanded capabilities for inflight maintenance.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The Vision for Space Exploration outlines three tasks required for ISS: 1) Complete assembly by the
end of the decade; 2) Focus U.S. research and use of the ISS on supporting space exploration goals;
and 3) Conduct ISS activities in a manner consistent with international obligations.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

The ISS is the world's only space station and is central to NASA Vision and Mission. The ISS is a
unique teaching tool, opening a new frontier for human learning and experience, allowing the Agency
and its partners to pursue a series of related goals. The ISS enables the conduct of research to
enable human and robotic exploration and development of space. No other facility can provide
prolonged human research interaction in micro-gravity.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts International Space Station work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

The ISS serves as a platform for research activities that will prepare human explorers to travel beyond
LEO. Research aboard the ISS is critical to: understanding the effects of space environments on the
human body; developing techniques for mitigating these hazards; minimizing the logistical burden of
supporting humans far from Earth; addressing remote medical emergencies; and demonstrating
enabling technologies for human exploration. The ISS will vastly expand the human experience in
living and working in space. The ISS represents an unprecedented level of international cooperation.
The ISS Partnership agencies include NASA, the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos), the
Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Japanese Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA). Additionally, there are several bilateral agreements between NASA and
other nations such as Italy and Brazil, resulting in a total of 16 participating nations. International
participation in the program has significantly enhanced the capabilities of the ISS.

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-3

6ISS6 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6ISS5 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6ISS2 Down select transportation service providers from FY 2005 ISS Cargo Acquisition RFP.

17.1 By 2010, provide 80 percent of optimal ISS up-mass, down-mass, and crew availability using
non-Shuttle crew and cargo services.

17. Pursue commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services
supporting International Space Station and exploration missions beyond Earth orbit. Separate
to the maximum extent practical crew from cargo.

6ISS4 For FY 2006 ensure 90 percent functional availability for all ISS subsystems that support on
-orbit research operations.

6ISS3 Provide 80 percent of FY 2006 planned on-orbit resources and accommodations to support
research, including power, data, crew time, logistics and accommodations.

8.2 Annually provide 90 percent of the optimal on-orbit resources available to support research,
including power, data, crew time, logistics, and accommodations.

6ISS1 Reach agreement among the International Partners on the final ISS configuration.

8.1 By 2010 complete assembly of the ISS, including U.S. components that support U.S. space
exploration goals and those provided by foreign partners.

NASA Objectives

International Space Station Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

The ISS Theme Director is General Michael C. Kostelnik, Deputy Associate Administrator for ISS and
SSP, Space Operations Mission Directorate.

Program Management

Assessment of cost, schedule, and technical risks for crew enhancement option.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The International Space Station received a FY 2006 OMB PART rating of: Moderately Effective.

This year's PART found that the program has taken a number of steps to address deficiencies
identified last year: 1)The program had improved management and clarity of purpose, the
Administration allowed the program to continue construction of the Space Station beyond the U.S.
core complete stage; 2) The program has developed annual efficiency measures and improve
outcome-oriented long-term performance measure. The program has developed improved new
measures that can be used to drive future performance improvements; and, 3) The program has
effectively managed its budget reserves, and recommended continued good reserve management to
forestall future cost increases. NASA has continued to manage reserves effectively, but Congressional
cuts and increases in Space Shuttle return-to-flight costs have eroded the reserves.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-4

COMPLIANCE WITH COST LIMITATIONS
NASA's evaluation of this budget projects that the International Space Station may exceed the $25
billion cost limitation imposed in the NASA Authorization Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-391). Due largely to an
increase of $40M for Columbia related impacts, ISS development is now projected to exceed 5% in FY
2005 and consequently all FY 2005 ISS costs ($2.06B) will be added to the cumulative total as
required by the Act. Costs subject to the cost limitation through FY 2005 are $25.8B.

Prior to the Columbia accident, NASA projected that development, as defined by the Act, would be
substantially completed by the first quarter of FY 2005. Since the accident, the ISS program
operations budget has been reduced significantly by appropriations action and internal budget
reallocations to support Shuttle return to flight. In addition, the time to complete ISS assembly has
been extended by the grounding of the Shuttle fleet, and the ISS research budget has also been
reduced. The combined affect of the budget reductions and the delay in completing assembly may
result in the Space Station program technically exceeding the development cost limitation of $25B in
FY 2005 even though program development is essentially complete and program performance has
improved steadily over the past three years. Strict compliance with the Act would preclude NASA from
implementing safety related improvements to the ISS and upgrades in research capabilities needed to
enable the Vision for Space Exploration.

Space Shuttle flights supporting ISS are within the $17.7 billion cost limitation imposed by the act. This
is based on the assumption that the point at which the ISS will be substantially complete as defined by
the Act will be reached will occur in FY 2007, after which development spending will fall below 5% of
the total annual budget.

Of the $23.7 billion appropriated for the International Space Station and related activities from FY 1994
through FY 2004, approximately $23.5 billion has been obligated as of September 30, 2004.
Remaining FY 2004 funds will be obligated in the course of FY 2005 performance.

A separate report required by the Act will be prepared and submitted.

International Space Station

1,363.7

1,676.3

180.4

1,856.7

International Space Station

1,363.7

1,676.3

180.4

1,856.7

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-5

The International Space Station (ISS) is a complex of research
laboratories in low Earth orbit (LEO) in which American and
international astronauts are conducting unique scientific and
technological investigations in a space environment. The
objective of the ISS is to support scientific research for human
space exploration and other activities requiring the unique
attributes of humans in space. Consistent with the Vision for
Space Exploration, NASA is refocusing U.S. ISS research on
activities that will prepare human explorers to travel beyond LEO,
such as the development of countermeasures against space
radiation and the long-term effects of reduced gravity.

The FY 2006 Budget request provides funding for the ISS launch
processing activities, the resumption of vehicle on-orbit assembly
with a crew of three, logistics resupply and crew exchange using
the Space Shuttle, continuation of research payload and
experiment deliveries to orbit. It also includes funding for full-
scale development of habitability modifications and completion of
the regenerative environmental control and life support system
needed to increase the crew capacity, consistent with human
space exploration research requirements.

NASA plans to complete assembly of the ISS by the end of the
decade. NASA is examining ISS configurations that meet the
needs of both the new space exploration vision and our
international partners while using as few Shuttle flights as
possible. A key element in the future of the ISS program is the
purchase of alternate cargo and crew transportation services to
supplement the Shuttle when it is in service, and to replace it
when it retires.

The International Space Station in low
Earth orbit.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

1,363.7

1,676.3

1,856.7

1,835.3

1,790.9

2,152.3

2,375.5

International Space Station Program

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

International Space Station Program

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-6

The primary objective of the ISS is to support scientific research and other activities requiring the
unique attributes of humans in space and is a crucial step in the Vision for Space Exploration. In
concert with the new exploration vision, NASA will refocus U.S. Space Station research on activities
such as the development of countermeasures against space radiation and the long-term effects of
reduced gravity that prepare human explorers to travel beyond low Earth orbit.

Technical Description

During FY 2006, ISS will resume assembly, adding truss structure and Node 2 to accommodate
attachment in international partner elements in subsequent years. As many as five assembly flights
could take place during the fiscal year, but the exact assembly missions to be conducted will not be
known until NASA completes its reassessment of the ISS final configuration. Crew size could be
expanded once again to three international crew members and with Shuttle support expeditions could
increase to three during the year. Included in the budget baseline for the first time is the funding to
expand crew size beyond three. ISS will continue to provide safe and reliable assembly, activation,
integration and operation of the ISS on-orbit. Ongoing activities in Mission Operations will provide the
training, mission control operations, engineering support, and operations planning for continued safe
flight. Safe and effective operation of the ISS will be NASA's number one priority. The Advanced
Environmental Control and Life Support System, Node 3, and Habitability Upgrades will provide the
necessary capabilities to support a total up to seven crew members. The development of the
EXPRESS Pallet will begin in FY 2006 and continue through FY 2009. The development of the Space
Station Power Transfer System, begun in FY 2004, will be completed in FY 2006.

Plans For FY 2006

JSC is responsible for management of ISS core development. The NASA and JSC management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Greater than three crew capability included in baseline program.

ISS reserves have been significantly impacted through appropriations reductions, full cost impacts
and Shuttle RTF contributions.

Resumption of U.S. crew rotation and logistics flights as the Space Shuttle returns to flight status.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

International Space Station Program

International Space Station

Theme:

EC 2-7

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 10A - Node 2 assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-06 Feb-16

Form

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 15A - S6 Truss Segment assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Sep-06 Feb-16

Form

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 13A.1 - S5 Truss Segment assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Jun-06 Feb-16

Form

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 13A - S3/S4 Truss Segment assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Apr-06 Feb-16

Form

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 12A.1 - P5 Truss segment assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Feb-06 Feb-16

Form

ISS - Dates are subject
to change

Assembly Flight 12A - P3/P4 Truss Segment assembly

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-05 Feb-16

Form

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Implementation Schedule:

Boeing: Prime contractor for International Space Station Development and Sustaining
Engineering.

Russia: in addition to ISS elements and crew members, under the partnership agreement Soyuz
and Progress have provided critical crew rotation and resupply during the Shuttle down period.

International Partners: There are a total of 16 participating nations working on the ISS. Russia,
ESA, Japan, Canada, and Italy are providing elements for the International Space Station.

Key Participants

None

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

International Space Station Program

Space Shuttle

Theme:

EC 3-1

The program plays a vital role in exploring space and extending human presence across
our solar system by providing critical support to the International Space Station.

S p ace S h u ttle

FY 2006 PRES BUD

4,060.9

4,669.0

4,530.6

4,172.4

3,865.7

2,815.1

2,419.2

Changes from FY 2005 Request

115.9

349.8

204.5

-141.6

-161.2

-215.3

Space Shuttle

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NASA is committed to supporting the first steps of the Vision for Space Exploration - completing the
assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). The FY 2006 budget request assumes that the
Space Shuttle will return to flight in late spring of 2005. NASA will retire the Space Shuttle once its
role in Space Station assembly is complete. On January 14, 2004, the President said in announcing
his Vision: "The Shuttle's chief purpose over the next several years will be to help finish assembly of
the International Space Station. In 2010, the Space Shuttle - after nearly 30 years of duty - will be
retired from service."

International Space Station assembly will be completed by the end of the decade. NASA is examining
configurations for the Space Station that meet the needs of both the new space exploration vision and
our international partners using as few Shuttle flights as possible. This assessment is critical to
allowing NASA to continue work on Space Station assembly safely and retire the Shuttle as planned to
make way for the Crew Exploration Vehicle.

The Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) has fundamentally changed the way that the
agency goes about the business of human space flight through reexamining and revamping our
engineering practices and culture. SOMD has taken actions to meet/exceed the Columbia Accident
Investigation Board (CAIB) recommendations, as well as to "raise the bar" with a number of self
generated related actions towards compliance and meeting the milestones necessary to support and
ensure a safe Return to Flight.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Space Shuttle Theme

Space Shuttle

Theme:

EC 3-2

6SSP1 Achieve zero Type A (damage to property at least $1M or death) or Type B (damage to
property at least $250K or permanent hospitalization of three of more persons) mishaps in 2006;

6.1 Assure public, flight crew, and workforce safety for all Space Shuttle operations, and safely meet
the manifest and flight rate commitment through completion of Space Station assembly.

6. Return the Space Shuttle to flight and focus its use on completion of the International Space
Station, complete assembly of the ISS, and retire the Space Shuttle in 2010, following
completion of its role in ISS assembly. Conduct ISS activities consistent with U.S. obligations
to ISS partners.

Space Shuttle Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Ensure the proper technical integration of all Shuttle elements.

Initiate early actions for an orderly phase-out of the program.

Safely fly planned Space Shuttle manifest.

Resumed processing activities in preparation for return to flight in late spring of 2005.

Incorporated safety and management improvements after reassessing the Shuttle baseline
program.

Successful disposition of more than two dozen CAIB and CAIB-related recommendations,
including NASA self-initiated "raising the bar" actions.

Delivered first set of fully modified flight hardware for assembly and checkout at launch site.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

The Space Shuttle supports NASA's mission by ensuring the provision of space access by increasing
safety, reliability, and affordability through its remaining service life.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

The Space Shuttle provides long-term benefits to the public through support to the ISS program
enabling researchers to undertake experiments in the unique environment of space. The Space
Shuttle Program (SSP) is contributing to NASA's goal to excite students about science and
mathematics and to help advance the Nation's education goals by supporting the Educator Astronaut
Program.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Space Shuttle work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

In January 2004, President Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration, which changed the long
term focus of the Shuttle Program. The program's primary mission is to support space exploration by
completing the assembly of the ISS as planned by the end of decade. The Space Shuttle will be
retired in 2010. The Space Shuttle is currently the nation's only human-rated vehicle capable of
supporting the ISS and activities in low earth orbit.

Space Shuttle

Theme:

EC 3-3

6SSP3 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6SSP2 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

The Space Shuttle Theme Director is General Michael C. Kostelnik, Deputy Associate Administrator
(ISS and SSP), Space Operations Mission Directorate.

Program Management

Space Shuttle Program

4,060.9

4,669.0

-138.3

4,530.6

Space Shuttle

4,060.9

4,669.0

-138.3

4,530.6

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

Inspector General Review - September 2004, Solid Rocket Booster Bolt Catchers.

Inspector General Review - July 2004, Return to Flight Task Group Business Processes.

Government Account Office (GAO) Report - November 2004, Space Shuttle Report - Cost for
Hubble Science Mission and Implementation of Safety Recommendations.

Inspector General Review - Space Shuttle Imaging, On-going Review through FY 2004; will
continue until CAIB recommendations fully implemented, last status April 2004.

GAO Audit - NASA's Shuttle Workforce Change; Report due Spring 2005.

Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group - On-going review through FY 2004; will continue
until first flight.

Inspector General Review - June 2004, review of ET Thermal Protection System Debris
Shedding Report.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

The Shuttle received a FY 2005 OMB PART rating of: Results Not Demonstrated

The assessment found that the Shuttle had improved its planning and management, but due to the
tragic loss of Space Shuttle Columbia in February 2003, the program met almost none of its annual
performance measures and made little progress towards achieving its long term goals.

Existing actions are: 1) Plan to retire the Shuttle when its role in assembling the ISS is complete; 2)
Return the Shuttle safely to flight and continue using it to support the ISS; and , 3) Develop outcome-
oriented short and long-term measures for the Space Shuttle Program.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Space Shuttle

Theme:

EC 3-4

NASA is committed to achieving the first steps of the Vision for
Space Exploration - completing the assembly of the International
Space Station (ISS). The FY 2006 budget request assumes that
the Space Shuttle will return to flight in late spring of 2005. The
Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) has
fundamentally changed the way that the Agency goes about the
business of human space flight through re-examining and re-
vamping our engineering practices and culture following the
Columbia tragedy. SOMD has taken actions to implement the
Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) recommendations,
as well as to "raise the bar" with a number of self-generated
related actions initiated by NASA towards compliance and
meeting the milestones necessary to support and ensure a safe
return to flight.

Space Shuttle projects play a vital role in
NASA's goal to explore space and extend
human presence across the solar system
by providing the critical support for
launching the Shuttle to continue the
assembly and operation of the International
Space Station.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

4,060.9

4,669.0

4,530.6

4,172.4

3,865.7

2,815.1

2,419.2

Space Shuttle Program

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

The program's primary mission is: to support space exploration by completing the assembly of the ISS
as planned by the end of the decade; safely fly the planned Space Shuttle manifest; initiate early
actions for an orderly transition of the program; and ensure the proper technical integration of all
Shuttle elements.

Plans For FY 2006

The Centers at JSC, KSC, MSFC, and SSC are responsible for SSP project management. The NASA
and SOMD Program Management Councils have oversight.

Program Management

Cancellation of the Cockpit Avionics Upgrade in December 2004.

Completion of development for the Advanced Health Monitoring System Phase I Upgrade in FY
2005.

NASA continues to implement the CAIB recommendations for the Space Shuttle return to flight
scheduled for the spring of 2005.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Space Shuttle Program

Space Shuttle

Theme:

EC 3-5

Program Integration

Ensures the proper technical integration of all Shuttle
elements and payloads. Includes high-priority mission
assurance projects for safety, supportability, and
infrastructure.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-10

Form

Flight Hardware

Produces and maintains the various flight hardware and
software elements.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-10

Form

Flight and Ground
Operations

Provides final integration/checkout of all elements for
launch. Also includes a wide variety of planning,
training, operations control, crew, life sciences, and
aircraft support activities.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Dec-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Research (Res)
Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

The Space Shuttle comprises three major functions - Program Integration, Ground and Flight
Operations and Flight Hardware. Program Integration assures the successful technical integration of
all Shuttle elements and payloads into each mission. Ground and Flight Operations provides: final
integration and checkout of all hardware elements for launch including support capability for launch
countdown and landing; assures successful accomplishment of pre-flight planning; operations control
activities; flight crew training and operations support; aircraft maintenance and operations; and life
sciences mission operations. Flight Hardware assures the vehicle hardware and software are
designed, developed, manufactured, and tested sufficiently to enable safe and reliable transportation.

Technical Description

RISK: Delay in implementation of Orbiter Boom Sensor Capability for first two flights. Unlikely
occurrence. Potential delay in Space Shuttle return to flight if vehicle is not allowed to fly without
this capability for first two flights. MITIGATION: Implementation of relevant CAIB
recommendations to lessen the likelihood of a risk event occurring.

RISK: Failure to complete final External Tank Debris Assessment. Unlikely occurrence. Potential
delay in Space Shuttle return to flight if additional risk is uncovered in assessment.
MITIGATION: Implementation of all relevant CAIB recommendation to lessen the likelihood of a
risk event occurring.

RISK: Failure to complete External Tank modifications. Unlikely occurrence. Potential delay in
Space Shuttle return to flight if modifications are not completed or additional modifications are
required. MITIGATION: Continued to implement all the relevant CAIB recommendations and
initiated an aggressive program to eliminate the technical problems for safe Shuttle flights to
lessen the likelihood of a risk event.

Risk Management

Space Flight Operations - prime contractor for integration, ground and flight operations, Orbiter
and SRB. Performer will be United Space Alliance.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Space Shuttle Program

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-1

Space and Flight Support includes Space Communications, Launch Services, Rocket
Propulsion Testing, and Crew Health and Safety program services.

S p ace an d Flig h t S u p p o rt

FY 2006 PRES BUD

465.5

485.1

375.6

370.9

400.0

399.7

399.1

Changes from FY 2005 Request

33.7

-7.0

-59.2

-58.6

-55.7

-53.7

Space and Flight Support

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Space and Flight Support, managed by the Space Operations Mission Directorate, is comprised of
several distinct Agency-level services. These services include Space Communications, Launch
Services, Rocket Propulsion Testing (RPT), and Crew Health and Safety (CHS). These services are
critical for conducting space exploration, aeronautical research, and biological and physical research.
These services are provided to a wide range of customers, including NASA scientists and engineers,
other Federal agencies, universities, foreign governments and industry interests.

Space and Flight Support transferred the Advanced Systems Program to Exploration Systems
beginning in FY 2005, and the Environmental program budget (Plum Brook nuclear facility dismantling
and environmental compliance and restoration) to the Corporate G&A account beginning in FY 2006.

Overview:

What NASA Accomplishes through the Space and Flight Support Theme

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-2

Major Activities Planned for FY 2006:

Performance

Participate in technology demonstration of miniature SAR/Communication integrated payload
for Chandrayaan-1 mission.

Evaluate concepts to support Exploration Systems Mission Directorate timelines.

Implement the Mission Operation Voice Enhancement Upgrade Project and the Space Network
Expansion Project.

Support Space Shuttle return to flight.

Launch six Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV) of primary payloads.

Maximized efficiency and generated cost savings for NASA and other customers by minimizing
duplication in propulsion test capabilities.

Initiated Space Communications Architecture Working Group.

Successfully provided administrative and/or mission support through the NASA Space Network
and the NASA Integrated Services Network.

Performed three successful NASA-managed ELV launches of primary payloads: Gravity Probe
B on April 20, 2004, Aura on July 15, 2004 and Messenger on August 3, 2004.

Initiated Steering Committee for Communications and Navigation capability roadmap.

Major Recent Accomplishments:

Space and Flight Support enables NASA's ability to extend human presence across the solar system,
starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of
Mars and other destinations. Each of these capabilities play a critical support role in the success of
NASA's missions and goals.

Relevance to the NASA mission:

Benefits of Space and Flight Support include the relay of scientific data from space to Earth, the safe
launching of Space Shuttles and expendable launch vehicles necessary for research, the assurance
that rocket systems have been adequately tested, and the testing and implementation of various
human health and illness prevention measures. A space program properly supported by this Theme
will produce research data that can be used to generate new scientific knowledge through the study of
the physical sciences, biological sciences, Earth sciences, planetary science, and more. These
activities benefit both the general public and the education community.

Relevance to education and public benefits:

Relevance:

Why NASA conducts Space and Flight Support work

Relevance to national priorities, relevant fields, and customer needs:

Space and Flight Support includes the enabling capabilities required to conduct space exploration and
expand scientific knowledge of the Earth and our universe. Without these capabilities NASA could not
perform many of its missions and the American public would not receive many benefits of the Nation's
space program.

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-3

6SFS9 Increase the throughput of the Space Network and NASA Wide Area Network per unit cost
on an annual basis.

6SFS8 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6SFS7 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

Efficiency Measures

6SFS6 Certify medical fitness of all crew members before launch.

8.5 By 2008, develop and test the following candidate countermeasures to ensure the health of
humans traveling in space: bisphosphonates, potassium citrate, and mitodrine.

6SFS5 Achieve a 5 percent reduction in downtime.

8.3 Reduce Crew downtime due to health-related reasons during space flight missions.

6SFS4 Define and provide space transportation requirements for future human and robotic
exploration and development of space to all NASA and other government agency programs
pursuing improvements in space transportation.

6SFS3 Achieve at least 95 percent of planned data delivery for the International Space Station,
each Space Shuttle mission, and low-Earth orbiting missions for FY 2005.

6SFS2 Maintain NASA success rate at or above a running average of 95 percent for missions on
the FY 2005 Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) manifest.

6SFS1 Establish the Agency-wide baseline space communications architecture, including a
framework for possible deep space and near Earth laser communications services.

6.2 Provide safe, well-managed and 95 percent reliable space communications, rocket propulsion
testing, and launch services to meet Agency requirements.

Space and Flight Support Theme Commitment in Support of the NASA Mission :

NASA Objectives

Annual Performance Goals supporting the Multiyear Outcomes

Multiyear Outcomes

The Theme Directors are Robert Spearing (Space Communications), Karen Poniatowski (Launch
Services), Headquarters (CHS), and Stephen Brettel (RPT).

Program Management

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-4

Crew Health and Safety

8.5

7.4

1.9

9.3

Rocket Propulsion Testing

60.0

65.8

3.3

69.1

Launch Services

141.1

143.8

-19.8

124.0

Space Communications

157.4

192.7

-19.5

173.3

Plum Brook Decommissioning

84.2

75.4

-75.4

Advanced Systems

14.3

Space and Flight Support

465.5

485.1

-109.4

375.6

Budget Detail

(Dollars in Millions)

Budget Authority ($ millions)

FY2004

FY2005

Change

FY2006

Comments

Under assessment

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART):

Space and Flight Support received an FY 2006 PART rating of Adequate.

The assessment found that the programs were generally effective in providing services to NASA and
other customers, but needed better plans to improve those services in the future.

Existing actions are: 1) Continue to fund the program at an essentially flat level, but strive to improve
the program's results by increasing efficiency; 2) Develop, a plan to independently review all of the
major program elements to support improvements and evaluate effectiveness and relevance; 3)
Develop better measures that will help to drive program improvement; and 4) Remove ECR from the
SFS portfolio and make it a part of NASAs corporate G&A costs.

Quality

Independent Reviews:

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-5

NASA's flight missions must be linked to the Earth to accomplish
their mission objectives. Resulting in the economic advantages
over seperate systems, NASA uses a common infrastructure to
provide these essential links. The responsibility of this
infrastructure is vested with the Space Operations Mission
Directorate's Space Communications Program. This multi-
mission approach dramatically reduces operational costs.

When viewed as a unit, Space Communications activities are one
part of an interdependent triad that is absolutely essential to this
Nation's space programs. Space Communications functions,
while often less visible, are no less vital than the payloads and
the launch systems that carry them to their destinations. Mission
success is possible only when all three elements meet their
performance requirements.

One of the key challenges of the Program is predicting and
understanding future mission communications needs and then
determining how to meet those needs by incorporating new
technology while stimulating and encouraging development of
commercial sources. The budget for the Program is based upon
flight missions' requirements and those technological
development capabilities necessary to meet future mission
needs. The Program is also developing a communication and
navigation architecture that will support the Exploration and
Science Programs through the 2030 time period.

The Program supports the Agency's goal to improve the provision
of access to space for the Nation by making it increasingly safe,
reliable, and affordable. For more information, please see
http://www.spacecomm.nasa.gov.

Present complement of eight Satellites on-
orbit.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

157.4

192.7

173.3

174.8

194.8

194.4

194.1

Space Communications

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Space Communications

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-6

TDRS is the core of the SN providing in-flight communications with spacecraft operating in low-Earth
orbit. SN provides uplink/downlink facilities at White Sands and Guam. NISN transports
administrative, scientific, and mission control data among NASA facilities and its industrial/scientific
partners. Both networks provide service to non-NASA missions on a reimbursable basis.

Other activities: initiating and managing communications and navigation technology initiatives to
reduce cost; developing an architecture to support Exploration and Science Programs; managing
access to communications frequencies in order to conduct space/ground based transmissions; and
conducting proof-of-concept for a new space-based search and rescue system to improve distress
alert and location capability.

Technical Description

Several major functions will continue into FY 2006:

1. Providing reliable, cost-effective operational support to NASA missions and non-NASA missions
2. Enhancing the Space Network (SN) space-to-ground link terminal
3. Conducting studies for a follow-on Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS) initiative in order to
ensure continuity of TDRS services
4. Providing administrative, scientific, and mission control telecommunications services
5. Managing Data Standards with increased focus on transitioning to a more efficient international body
6. Managing NASA's access to Spectrum required to: conduct space and ground based radio
transmission, operate navigation systems, and conduct mission sensor operations
7. Supporting the Spectrum environment studies to better understand frequency and device
interferences
8. Conducting proof-of-concept demonstration of the Distress Alerting Satellite System involving
placement of 406 Mhz distress beacon repeaters on the Global Positioning System

Critical systems are severely past the end of their lifetime. Replacement of systems that frequently fail
and are costly to maintain is on-going. Mission Voice systems across the Agency will be replaced over
the next several years in order to minimize risk to NASA missions.

Space communications and navigation architecture, responsive to the Vision for Space Exploration, is
under development. Tasks will be identified to ensure cost-effective evolution of the architecture
capabilities. Some technology initiatives will be restructured to better support the Exploration Program
needs.

Plans For FY 2006

The SN, NISN, GN, DSN, and WATR networks are managed and funded by different Directorates.
Managing control boards and working groups are established.

Program Management

There were no major programmatic changes from the FY 2005 budget submission.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Space Communications

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-7

Space
Communications

Provide space communications support to all NASA
missions and non NASA missions.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RISK: Space Network (SN) services are provided to non-NASA missions on a reimbursable basis.
This reimbursement, which is offset against the NASA budget request, is anticipated to continue at
the current level through FY 2006. A decline in this reimbursement may require additional NASA
appropriated funds for the SN.

Possible after 2006 MITIGATION: Discussions with reimbursable customers are on-going.

RISK: Reliability studies show an eventual need to procure additional TDRS satellites to meet
legacy and projected new mission requirements on the SN.

Highly likely MITIGATION: Senior level discussions are on-going.

Risk Management

Corporations (Network and Systems implementation, Technology, Architecture, special studies).

Federal Government Agencies (Network support, Comm/Navigation Architecture, Standards and
Spectrum Management, special studies).

Key Participants

Mission Operations Voice Enhancement for telecommunications network. Full and Open
Competition.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Space Communications

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-8

Assuring reliable and cost effective access to space for civilian
missions is critical to achieving the Vision for Space Exploration
NASA has been asked to undertake for the Nation. NASA has
assigned responsibility for understanding the full range of civil
space launch needs to the Space Operations Mission Directorate
Launch Services Program. This program, which works closely
with other government agencies and the launch industry, seeks to
ensure that the most safe, reliable, on time, cost-effective launch
opportunities are available on a wide range of launch systems to
achieve the national goals for leadership in understanding the
earth and exploring the universe.

A key challenge of the Program is understanding the launch
needs of the different civil government customers. These
customers seek to: understand Earth processes, including use of
weather satellites; explore the universe with planetary probes,
Mars rovers, and orbiters; and, to enhance life on earth by
understanding the universe in which we live using various
scientific missions. The Program purchases fixed-price launch
services from domestic suppliers and provides oversight to
ensure that these valuable, one of a kind missions safely leave
the earth to explore the world beyond.

The Program works with customers from universities, industry,
government agencies and international partners from the earliest
phase of a mission.

The funding provides the capability for NASA to maintain critical
skills providing technical management of launch services on the
full fleet of existing and new launch systems.

Messenger Launch on Delta II at Cape
Canaveral on August 3, 2004.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

141.1

143.8

124.0

116.1

122.8

123.0

122.6

Launch Services

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Launch Services

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-9

Launch Services

Responsible for enabling access to space for all NASA
missions and other select governemnt missions as
required.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Applying lessons learned from the Columbia Accident Investigation, the Program has Agency
responsibility for acquiring launch services from private sector suppliers and/or DoD and for gathering
the necessary engineering talent focused on moving scientific inquiry safely from the ground to space.
The technical team serves as the bridge between NASA customers and launch contractors to assure
that standards for safety and mission success are consistently applied with one common objective:To
provide the systems level engineering oversight that strives to offer every NASA mission an
opportunity to leave the Earth on a journey of exploration. This team has achieved a high level of
mission success for NASA missions and consistently outperforms its goal of 95 percent or better
launch success.

Technical Description

FY 2006 funding supports a wide range of activity critical to fulfilling NASA's science and exploration
agenda. The six NASA launches planned for FY 2006 are: Spacetech-5; Aeronomy of Ice in the
Mesosphere (AIM); Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO); Dawn; New Horizons and
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite O (GOES-O). Spacetech-5 and AIM will be flown
on Pegasus XL vehicles, STEREO and Dawn on Delta IIs, New Horizons on an Atlas V and GOES-O
on a Delta IV. See Science Mission Themes for mission details.

- Advanced planning and trade studies for some 20 scientific and exploration missions.

- Advanced planning to support International Space Station cargo services.

- Continued partnership with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the
FALCON program seeking to enable new cost effective launch capability for small payloads.

- Advanced planning to support the evolving launch requirements for the Moon and Mars exploration.

- Complete certification of the new Delta IV and Atlas V launch systems planned for NASA use in FY
2006.

Plans For FY 2006

NASA consolidated responsibility for understanding and meeting Agency launch requirements in the
Launch Services Program.

Program Management

There were no major programmatic changes from the FY 2005 budget submission.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Launch Services

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-10

RISK: Launch systems are designed and operated by humans and have a less than 100 percent
reliability. NASA missions, often one of a kind payloads, warrant an assured access to space
strategy that is constantly vigilant and strives for success. MITIGATION: Assure the Program
has the resources and tools needed to continue to provide the Nation with highly skilled systems
level engineering talent focused on leveraging partnerships with industry and other government
agencies to achieve sustained mission success for the full range of civil missions seeking access
to space.

RISK: The lack of growth in the commercial launch market has placed a great strain on domestic
launch providers' ability to offer government users a full range of launch opportunities.
MITIGATION: The Program utilizes the Flight Planning Board as the Forum to aggregate Agency
requirements and enable a purchasing strategy that helps to sustain capability in different market
niches. The Program coordinates with other government space launch users to understand
market impacts on space launch and work together on creative mitigation approaches.

Risk Management

Reimbursable Federal agency customers (NOAA, MDA).

Other Federal agencies engaged in space launch (DOD, USAF, NRO, DARPA) to collaborate and
coordinate the use of limited launch infrastructure assets.

Domestic launch service providers offering vehicles in all sizes from a variety of launch locations.

Key Participants

The NASA Launch Services ELV contracts have a bi-annual on-ramp period available to the
Launch Services every February and August for new emerging Launch Services providers to be
considered.

The Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated Support (ELVIS) contract base period expires 9/30/05.
The Program Office will evaluate and recommend whether exisiting options will be exercised.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Launch Services

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-11

The Rocket Propulsion Test (RPT) Program manages NASA's
rocket propulsion test assets, activities, and resources; advances
test technologies; and reduces propulsion test costs through the
safe and efficient utilization of rocket propulsion test facilities in
support of NASA programs, commercial partners, and the
Department of Defense (DoD). The Program ensures
appropriate levels of capability and competency are maintained
for items such as engine development and certification, flight
support testing, anomaly resolution, upgrades, life cycle testing,
and certification extensions.

The Program strategy is to: fund and maintain a core capability of
skilled test and engineering crews and test stand facilities;
consolidate and streamline NASA's rocket test infrastructure;
establish and maintain world-class test facilities; modernize test
facility equipment; provide non-project specific equipment and
supplies; and develop effective facility/infrastructure maintenance
strategies and performance. The performing Centers are located
at: Stennis Space Center (SSC), Marshall Space Flight Center
(MSFC), Johnson Space Center-White Sands Test Facility (JSC-
WSTF), and Glenn Research Center-Plum Brook Station (GRC-
PBS). These facilities have a replacement value of two billion
dollars.

RPT supports several National Strategic Objectives including:
returning the Space Shuttle to flight; developing a new Crew
Exploration Vehicle for missions beyond low Earth orbit; and
developing and demonstrating power generation and propulsion
capabilities required to support exploration of Mars and other
destinations. Further information can be found at:
https://rockettest.ssc.nasa.gov/

The Rocket Propulsion Test Program
is performed at four NASA Centers.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

60.0

65.8

69.1

70.1

71.8

71.9

72.1

Rocket Propulsion Testing

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Program:

Rocket Propulsion Testing

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-12

Rocket Propulsion
Test Program

Provides development of space transportation propulsion
systems by sustaining "world-class" core capabilities
required by rocket engine development and testing
programs.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-96 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

RPT provides for non-programmatic support of test facilities at the performing Centers. This includes
funding for test facility management, maintenance, sustaining engineering, operations, and facility
modernization required to keep test-related facilities in a state of operational readiness. The RPT
budget does not include resources to support the marginal costs of testing (e.g., direct labor,
propellants, materials, program-unique facility modifications, etc.) since these activities are to be
funded by programs as a direct cost when they occupy the RPT test stands. NASA, DoD, and
commercial partners schedule time for the RPT-supported test stands. The scheduled time may
include program-specific facility modifications in addition to the testing of the program-specific test
article.

Technical Description

A new Test Operations Contract, TOC, was in place effective 1 September 2004. The TOC allows
critical test operations skills and efficiencies to be maintained and shared between affected
Centers.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Support for the current inventory of 32 test stands in various operational states ranging from active to
mothballed will continue to be funded. Studies to identify "at-risk" support and test facilities will be
completed and used to assist in funding decisions relative to supporting the Vision for Space
Exploration. In addition, the RPT Program will continue to assist in the requirements definition for
some low Earth orbit and in-space propulsion systems and related technologies. Investments in
infrastructure for RPT performing Centers are planned. Specifically, refurbishments to the steam
system at Glen Research Center - Plum Brook Station are planned. The Program Commitment
Agreement was drafted in FY 2004 and submitted to Space Operations Mission Directorate for formal
review and acceptance. The Program Management Plan was also drafted and coordinated with the
performing RPT Centers in FY 2004. Efforts are underway to have both program documents approved
and signed during FY 2005.

Plans For FY 2006

The Program Office is located at SSC. The management of the program is accomplished through the
RPT Management Board chaired by the Program Manager.

Program Management

No significant changes.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Rocket Propulsion Testing

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-14

The purpose of the Crew Health and Safety (CHS) Office is to
raise awareness and accountability for the total scope of health
and safety of NASA's astronaut corps. The CHS Office is
responsible for providing a program of comprehensive health
care necessary to enable a healthy and productive crew during all
phases of spaceflight missions, and to prevent and mitigate long-
term negative health consequences. The major functions of Crew
Health and Safety are to provide headquarters leadership,
advocacy and support for efforts to: design, implement, and
manage a comprehensive health care program for spaceflight;
provide mission support on operational health-related issues and
tasks; conduct astronaut medical selection certification and health
maintenance; and conduct technology development and clinical
operational efforts required to support long-duration spaceflight
missions.

(28 April 1998) --- Jay C. Buckey, Jr., and
James A. Pawelczyk, payload specialists,
conducting human autonomic experiments
in the Neurolab of the Earth-orbiting Space
Shuttle Columbia.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

8.5

7.4

9.3

9.8

10.6

10.4

10.3

Crew Health and Safety

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NASA wil finalize the development of a standardized battery of clinical and physiological tests for all
crewmembers, to use in health risk/operations impact analysis. Workshops are planned to refine
evidence-based information with the intent of applying this information to operational medicine. Crew
Health Surveillance special projects include a two-year study of the effect of space flight on
pharmacologic agents determining whether or not space flight significantly alters the effectiveness of
medications. Real-Time Mission Evaluation supports the definition/implementation of medical care
system requirements for all missions in conjunction with medical operations efforts. This is a program
that responds as needed to address problems that may arise with medical care systems. Ongoing
maintenance of the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health which archives astronaut medical record
information in database form and performs data analyses to support clinical care and long-term health
assessments of the astronauts. Remote Medical Diagnostic and Informatics will design, implement and
maintain a comprehensive data management infrastructure to support the objectives of the Space
Medicine Program. The Health Maintenance System Inventory Tracking Tool and Mission Planning
Tool will be implemented this year. NASA will continue adding all forms of clinical data to the
Computerized Medical Information System, which is an electronic medical record used for real-time
documentation of clinical care at the point of care. Develop and maintain environmental standards for
all space exploration platforms. Design, develop, and implement a comprehensive health care system
for space flight.

Plans For FY 2006

Program:

Crew Health and Safety

Space and Flight Support

Theme:

EC 4-15

Crew Health and
Safety(CHS)

Protects our astronauts from the hazards of space travel
and identifies methods that allow astronauts to improve
their performance.

Tech

Dev
Ops
Res

Oct-03 Sep-10

Form

Operations (Ops)

Development (Dev)

Represents a period of no activity for the Project

Research (Res)

Formulation(Form)

Tech & Adv Concepts (Tech)

Implementation Schedule:

Project

Schedule by Fiscal Year

Purpose

Phase Dates

Beg

End

Manage health care for entire Astronaut Corps, both in space and during ground-based training.
Certify the medical health of astronauts before flight and provide them with care throughout their
careers. Medically support the FY 2005 Shuttle return to flight activities including planning, training,
and medical operations support.

Technical Description

The International Partners are involved in many areas of operational medicine planning.

Key Participants

No major acquisition planned.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Crew Health and Safety is managed at Headquarters, with its core programs performed for SSP and
ISS by the Life Sciences Directorate at JSC.

Program Management

There were no major programmatic changes from the FY 2005 budget submission.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Crew Health and Safety

Inspector General

1-1

Overview

The NASA Office of Inspector General (OIG) budget request for Fiscal Year 2006 is $32.4 million.
The request supports our mission to prevent and detect crime, fraud, waste, abuse, and
mismanagement while promoting economy, effectiveness, and efficiency within the Agency. This
request represents the OIG resources needed at NASA Headquarters and field offices to fulfill the
OIG mission. Recognizing that the number of identified audits, investigations, inspections,
assessments, and other activities significantly exceed the available resources; continuous
adjustments of priorities will be necessary to ensure that a balanced coverage of NASA's programs
and operations is maintained, critical and sensitive matters are promptly evaluated and investigated,
and that all OIG customers receive timely, accurate, and complete responses.

The OIG, Office of Audits (OA) conducts independent, objective audits and reviews of NASA and
NASA contractor programs and projects to improve NASA operations as well as a broad range of
professional audit and advisory services. It also comments on NASA policies and is responsible for
the oversight of audits performed under contract or by other Federal agencies. The OA helps NASA
accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the
economy, efficiency and effectiveness of NASA operations.

The OIG Office of Investigations (OI) identifies, investigates, and refers for prosecution cases of
crime, waste, fraud, and abuse in NASA programs and operations. The OIG's Federal law
enforcement officers investigate false claims, false statements, conspiracy, theft, mail fraud, and
violations of Federal laws, such as the

Procurement Integrity Act

and the

Anti-Kickback Act

. Through

its investigations, the OI also seeks to prevent and deter crime at NASA. The OI Computer Crimes
unit has solved cases involving extortion of NASA and contractor personnel, loss of communications
services, and the use of NASA-funded networks to further criminal enterprises including the
compromise of advanced technologies and industrial espionage.

NASA’s OIG FY 2006 request is broken out as follows:

82.7 percent of the proposed budget is dedicated to personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits,
monetary awards, worker’s compensation, transportation subsidies and training, as well as the government’s
contributions for Social Security, Medicare, health and life insurance, retirement accounts, matching
contributions to Thrift Savings Plan accounts, the required 25 percent law enforcement availability pay for
criminal investigators, and permanent change of station costs.

4.0 percent of the proposed budget is dedicated to travel, including the cost of transportation, per diem at
current rates, and related expenses. The OIG staff is located at 14 offices in or near NASA installations and
contactor facilities.

13.3 percent of the proposed budget is dedicated to operations and equipment, including government
vehicles, special equipment for criminal investigators, and information technology equipment unique to the
OIG. The Agency’s annual financial audit is included in this funding.

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Personnel and Related Costs

23.0

25.5

26.8

Travel 1.2

1.2

1.3

Operations and Equipment

2.9

4.6

4.3

Total 27.1

31.3

32.4

Proposed Appropriation Language

1-1

National Aeronautics and Space Adm

inistration Proposed Appropriation Language

SCIENCE, AERONAUTICS AND EXPLORATION

(INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of science,
aeronautics and exploration research and development activities, including research, development,
operations, support and services; maintenance; construction of facilities including repair,
rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of facilities, construction of new facilities and additions
to existing facilities, facility planning and design, and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of
real property, as authorized by law; environmental compliance and restoration; space flight,
spacecraft control and communications activities including operations, production, and services;
program management; personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as
authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles;
not to exceed $35,000 for official reception and representation expenses; and purchase, lease,
charter, maintenance and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, $

[

7,742,550,000

]

9,661,000,000

, to remain available until September 30,

[

2006

]

2007

, of which amounts as

determined by the Administrator for salaries and benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and
related costs; information technology services; science, engineering, fabricating and testing
services; and other administrative services may be transferred to ``Exploration Capabilities'' in
accordance with section 312(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as amended by
Public Law 106-377.

(Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and

Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005.)

EXPLORATION CAPABILITIES

(INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct and support of exploration
capabilities research and development activities, including research, development, operations,
support and services; maintenance; construction of facilities including repair, rehabilitation,
revitalization and modification of facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing
facilities, facility planning and design, and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as
authorized by law; environmental compliance and restoration; space flight, spacecraft control and
communications activities including operations, production, and services; program management;
personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefore, as authorized by 5 U.S.C.
5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles; not to exceed $35,000
for official reception and representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and
operation of mission and administrative aircraft, $

[

8,425,850,000

]

6,763,000,000

, to remain available

until September 30,

[

2006

]

2007

, of which amounts as determined by the Administrator for salaries

and benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and related costs; information technology services;
science, engineering, fabricating and testing services; and other administrative services may be
transferred to ``Science, aeronautics and exploration'' in accordance with section 312(b) of the
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as amended by Public Law 106-377.

(Departments of

Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Act, 2005.)

Proposed Appropriation Language

1-2

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in carrying out the Inspector General
Act of 1978, as amended, $

[

31,600,000

]

32,400,000

ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds appropriated for ``Science, aeronautics
and exploration'', or ``Exploration capabilities'' by this appropriations Act, when any activity has been
initiated by the incurrence of obligations for construction of facilities or environmental compliance
and restoration activities as authorized by law, such amount available for such activity shall remain
available until expended. This provision does not apply to the amounts appropriated for institutional
minor revitalization and construction of facilities, and institutional facility planning and design.

[

2007

]

2008

The unexpired balances of prior appropriations to National Aeronautics and Space Administration
for activities for which funds are provided under this Act may be transferred to the new account
established for the appropriation that provides such activity under this Act. Balances so transferred
may be merged with funds in the newly established account and thereafter may be accounted for as
one fund under the same terms and conditions but shall remain available for the same period of time
as originally appropriated.

From amounts made available in this Act for these activities, subject to

[

the

]

operating plan

[

procedures of

]

notification to

the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations, the

Administrator may transfer amounts between the ``Science, aeronautics, and exploration'' account
and the ``Exploration capabilities'' account.

Funds for announced prizes otherwise authorized shall remain available, without fiscal year
limitation, until the prize is claimed or the offer is withdrawn.

[

Funding shall not be made available for

Centennial Challenges unless authorized.

]

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 414 "Notwithstanding 40 U.S.C. Sections 524, 571, and 572, the Administrator of National
Aeronautics and Space Administration may sell the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-
owned Property on the Camp Parks Military Reservation, Alameda County, California and credit the
net proceeds of such sales as offsetting collections to its Science, Aeronautics, and Exploration
account. Such funds shall be available until expended to be used to replace the facilities at Camp
Parks that are still required and/or to improve other National Aeronautics and Space Administration-
owned facilities."

Supporting Data:

Reconciliation of Appropriations to Budget Requests

SD 1-1

(In Millions of Real Year Dollars)

TOTAL

Science,

Aeronautics

and

Exploration

Space

Flight

Capabilities

Inspector

General

FISCAL YEAR 2004 REQUEST

15,469.3

7,660.9

7,782.1

26.3

Total FY 2004 Omnibus Appropriations Act, P.L. 108-199
(including application of a 0.59% rescission)

-91.3 169.3

-261.4 0.8

Transfers by NASA

0.0 42.4

-42.4

⎯

TOTAL FY 2004 BUDGET PLAN

15,378.0

7,872.6

7,478.3

27.1

(In Millions of Real Year Dollars)

TOTAL

Science,

Aeronautics

and

Exploration

Capabilities

Inspector

General

FISCAL YEAR 2005 REQUEST

16,244.0

7,760.0

8,456.4

27.6

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane
Disasters Assistance Act, 2005, included as part of the FY
2005 Military Construction Appropriations Act (P.L. 108-132)

126.0

⎯

126.0

⎯

FY 2005 Consolidated Appropriations Act, P.L. 108-447
(including application of a 0.80% rescission)

-173.6 -81.9

-95.4 3.7

Transfers by NASA (as of January 2005)

0.0 2.7

-2.7

⎯

TOTAL FY 2005 BUDGET PLAN

16,196.4

7,680.9

8,484.2

31.3

Supporting Data:

FY 2004 Appropriation by Budget Line Item

SD 2-1

FY 2004 APPROPRIATION STRUCTURE

Request

9/28/2004

Operating Plan

SCIENCE, AERONAUTICS and EXPLORATION

7,660.9

7,872.6

Space Science

4,007.1

3,992.0

Earth Science

1,552.2

1,607.8

Biological and Physical Research

972.7

985.6

Aeronautics

959.1 1,056.8

Education Programs

169.8

230.4

SPACE FLIGHT CAPABILITIES

7,782.1

7,478.3

Space Station

1,707.1

1,363.7

Space Shuttle

3,968.4

4,060.9

Space and Flight Support

434.3

465.5

Crosscutting Technology

1,672.3

1,588.2

INSPECTOR GENERAL

26.3

27.1

TOTAL AGENCY

15,469.3

15,378.0

Note: May not add due to rounding

Supporting Data:

Distribution of Funds by Installation

4-1

Distribution of Funds by Installation

(In millions of dollars)

FY 2005

FY 2006

Direct Personnel

107 111

Direct Travel

Center G& A

120

191

Service Pools

51 37

Program CoF

Total 283

344

Ames Research Center

FTEs 1,375

1,297

Direct Personnel

144 147

Direct Travel

Center G& A

106

161

Service Pools

77 64

Program CoF

Total 332

377

Glenn Research Center

FTEs 1,875

1,775

Direct Personnel

131 135

Direct Travel

Center G& A

120

195

Service Pools

111 86

Program CoF

Total 368

423

Langley Research Center

FTEs 2,109

2,046

Direct Personnel

38 36

Direct Travel

Center G& A

Service Pools

31 29

Program CoF

Total 108

107

Dryden Flight Research Center

FTEs 568

527

Supporting Data:

Distribution of Funds by Installation

4-2

Direct Personnel

232 243

Direct Travel

Center G& A

195

214

Service Pools

76 76

Program CoF

Total 511

557

Goddard Space Flight Center

FTEs 3,416

3,379

Direct Personnel

162 155

Direct Travel

Center G& A

181

226

Service Pools

95 83

Program CoF

Total 461

521

Marshall Flight Center

FTEs 2,657

2,509

Direct Personnel

17 13

Direct Travel

Center G& A

Service Pools

23 22

Program CoF

Total 90

Stennis Space Center

FTE’s 311

280

Direct Personnel

284 311

Direct Travel

Center G& A

192

207

Service Pools

186 198

Program CoF

Total 678

735

Johnson Space Center

FTEs 3,234

3,270

Supporting Data:

Civil Service Distribution

5-1

Civil Service Distribution of Full Time Equivalents

The civil service workforce is the underpinning for the successful accomplishment of the Nation’s
civil aeronautics and space programs. These are the people who plan the programs; conduct and
oversee the research; select and monitor the contractors; manage the various research,
development, and test activities; and oversee all of NASA’s operations. A key dimension of the
reinvention of NASA has been the restructuring of the civil service workforce to deliver a space and
aeronautics program that is balanced, relevant, and at the forefront of technology development.

NASA’s primary goals for its civil service workforce are to:

Acquire and maintain a civil service workforce reflecting the cultural diversity of the Nation; and

Provide a workforce, sized and skilled as needed, to accomplish NASA’s research, development, and
operational missions with innovation, excellence, and efficiency.

Civil Service Distribution Detail

Full Time Equivalents (FTEs)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Ames Research Center

1,444

1,375

1,297

Dryden Flight Research Center

567

568

527

Glenn Research Center

1,905

1,875

1,775

Goddard Space Flight Center

3,260

3,416

3,379

Headquarters 1,317

1,557

1,571

Johnson Space Center

2,994

3,234

3,270

Kennedy Space Center

1,867

2,125

2,144

Langley Research Center

2,286

2,109

2,046

Marshall Space Flight Center

2,699

2,657

2,509

Stennis Space Center

294

311

280

Total 18,633

19,227

18,798

Supporting Data:

Consulting Services

6-1

Summary of Consulting Services

NASA uses paid experts and consultants to provide NASA with advice and expert input in addition to
or beyond that available from its in-house civil service workforce. NASA also uses experts and
consultants to provide expert advice and input on the selection of experiments for future space
missions. The use of these experts and consultants, in addition to NASA civil service personnel,
provides the Agency with an independent view that assures the selection of experiments likely to
have the greatest scientific merit. Other individuals are used to provide independent analysis of
technical and functional problems in order to give top management the widest possible range of
views before making major decisions.

NASA-established management controls assure that consulting services arrangements are both
justified and approved at top management levels before any action is taken.

Expert/Consultants (Total NASA)

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Number of Paid Experts and Consultants

Annual FTE Usage

Salaries $449,800

$458,796

$467,972

Total Salary and Benefits Costs

$484,210

$493,894

$503,772

Travel Costs

$463,509

$477,414

$491,737

Total Costs

$947,719

$971,308

$995,509

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-1

Summary of Resources Included in Budget Request

In Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Total Construction of Facilities 240.4

202.5 292.7

Science, Aeronautics and Exploration Programs*

⎯

35.0

Exploration Capabilities Programs*

55.0

54.8

75.8

Non-Programmatic Programs (included within G&A)

185.4

147.7

181.9

* FY 2004 data shown mapped to the new FY 2005/2006 appropriation accounts.

The Construction of Facilities (CoF) program ensures that the facilities critical to achieving NASA’s
space and aeronautics programs are the right size and type, and that they are safe, secure,
environmentally sound, and operated efficiently and effectively. It also ensures that NASA
installations conform to requirements and initiatives for the protection of the environment and human
health. NASA facilities are essential to the Agency and facility revitalization is needed to maintain
infrastructure that is safe and capable of supporting NASA’s missions. The facilities being
revitalized or constructed in this program are expected to remain active in the long term and are
consistent with current and anticipated Agency roles and missions, although some adjustments may
be required to reflect recommendations of the Real Property Mission Analysis (RPMA), which should
be complete in 2005. The RPMA is an independent, top-down, Mission-driven process to: identify
the physical plants needed to support NASA’s Mission and programs, identify shortages and
excesses, and make recommendations regarding the disposition of excesses to ensure that NASA
owns and maintains only essential real property.

Funding for construction projects required for specific programs is included in the appropriate budget
line item within each Mission Directorate. Non-Programmatic CoF projects are required for
components of NASA’s basic infrastructure and institutional facilities. Funding for Non-Programmatic
CoF projects identified to specific Centers has been included in that Center’s General and
Administrative (G&A) rate, and agency-wide initiatives are included as part of Corporate G&A.
Descriptions and cost estimates of both non-programmatic and programmatic (or “program direct”)
projects are provided to show a complete picture of NASA’s budget requirement for facilities
revitalization and construction.

The institutional facility projects requested for FY 2006 continue the vital rehabilitation, modification,
and repair of facilities to renew and help preserve and enhance the capabilities and usefulness of
existing facilities and ensure the safe, economical, and efficient use of NASA’s physical plants. The
projects repair and modernize deteriorating and obsolete building and utility systems that have
reached or exceeded their normal design life, are no longer operating effectively or efficiently, and
cannot be economically maintained. These projects include mechanical, structural, cooling, steam,
electrical distribution, sewer, and storm drainage systems. Some projects replace substandard
facilities in cases where it is more economical to demolish and rebuild than it is to restore. Projects
between $0.5 million and $5.0 million are included as Minor Revitalization and Construction projects,
and projects with an estimated cost of at least $5.0 million are budgeted as Discrete projects.
(Projects less than $0.5 million are accomplished by routine day-to-day facility maintenance and
repair activities provided for in direct program and Center operating budgets.) Should residual
resources become available from any Minor Revitalization or Discrete project, they will be used for
urgently needed facility revitalization requirements and Congress will be notified before work is
initiated for any such Discrete projects. Funds requested for Facility Planning and Design (FP&D)
cover: advance planning and design requirements for future projects; preparation of facility project
design drawings and bid specifications; master planning; facilities studies; engineering reports and
studies; and critical functional leadership activities directed at increasing the rate of return of
constrained Agency resources while keeping the facility infrastructure safe, reliable, and available.

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-2

Summary of FY 2006 “Program-Direct” CoF Projects

In Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

SCIENCE, AERONAUTICS & EXPLORATION COF PROJECTS 0.0 0.0

35.0

SCIENCE

0.0 0.0

35.0

Construct Space Science Building, Phase 1 (GSFC)

⎯

15.0

Construct Flight Project Center, Phase 1 (JPL)

⎯

20.0

EXPLORATION CAPABILITIES COF PROJECTS 55.0 54.8

75.8

SPACE OPERATIONS (SPACE SHUTTLE) 53.9 53.6

Repairs to Launch Complex LC-39B (KSC)

⎯

22.8

Repairs to Vehicle Assembly Building (KSC)

⎯

23.5

9.4

Repairs to Launch Complex LC-39A (KSC)

19.8

⎯

Replace Roof, Vehicle Assembly Building (KSC)

17.0

⎯

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations (less than $5M per project)

14.6

25.8

40.5

Facility Planning and Design

2.5

4.3

1.3

SPACE OPERATIONS (SPACE & FLIGHT SUPPORT) 1.1 1.2

1.8

Minor Revitalization of Facilities at Various Locations (less than $5M per project)

1.5

Facility Planning and Design

0.2

0.3

Summary of FY 2006 Non-Programmatic CoF Projects

In Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

NON-PROGRAMMATIC PROJECTS*

185.4 147.7

181.9

Rehabilitate Electrical Distribution System (ARC)

⎯

5.0

Repair Emergency Chiller System, Building 24 (GSFC)

⎯

5.7

Construct Administrative and Education Complex, Phase 1 (JPL)

⎯

22.5

Seismic Upgrade of Telecommunications Building, B238 (JPL)

⎯

6.0

Renovation of Operations and Checkout Building (KSC)

⎯

5.4

Upgrade Electrical Power Distribution (LaRC)

⎯

6.7

Seismic Upgrade of Building B180 (JPL)

⎯

5.0

⎯

Construct Replacement for Fire Station No. 2 at Shuttle Landing Facility (KSC)

⎯

6.4

⎯

Consolidate Business Functions into Building 1194 (LaRC)

⎯

9.5

⎯

Construct First Response Facility (SSC)

⎯

6.0

⎯

Construct Astronaut Quarantine Facility (JSC)

1.2

⎯

Rehabilitate and Upgrade Electrical and Mechanical Systems (24) (JSC)

5.5

⎯

Repair/Replace 350psig Steam Distribution System, Utility Tunnel No. 4 (LaRC)

9.2

⎯

Construct Replacement Office Building, 4600 Area (MSFC)

15.7

⎯

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-3

In Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

NON-PROGRAMMATIC PROJECTS* continued

Development of Stennis Visitor Center (SSC)

0.9

⎯

Construct Consolidated Engineering Building (WFF)

9.0

⎯

Minor Revitalization and Construction at Various Locations (less than $5M per
project)

117.0 94.2

105.1

Facility Planning and Design

17.0

16.6

16.5

Demolition of Facilities

9.9 10.0

9.0

Note: Funding for Non-Programmatic CoF identified to specific Centers has been included in that Center’s G&A rate and Agency-wide
initiatives are included within Corporate G&A.

Discrete Projects within the Science, Aeronautics and Exploration Account

Space Science Program

Project Title: Construct Space Science Building

Location: Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD

Mission Directorate: Science

FY 2006 Estimate: $15.0M

This project will construct a new 235,000 square-foot laboratory and office building at the Greenbelt
site. The facility will provide a state-of-the-art laboratory, support, and office space for 750
scientists. The new facility will consolidate science work groups and is expected to increase work
efficiency and scientific collaboration. The new facility will replace the 44-year-old Research
Projects Laboratory building and the 37-year-old Space Science Data Center building. These
facilities must be replaced because the electrical and mechanical systems have become unreliable;
impacting science functions. The buildings require extensive repairs, and have high energy and
operating costs. The new Space Science Building will incorporate energy-reducing and
environmentally-friendly features that will reduce overall operating costs and generate a cost savings
over the life of the facility. This is the first of three phases with a total estimated cost of $65 million
for the project with completion planned in FY 2008.

Project Title: Construct Flight Project Center

Location: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena CA

Mission Directorate: Science

FY 2006 Estimate: $20.0M

This project will construct a new 17,000 square-meter six-story building to provide office space plus
conference and support facilities for approximately 625 people. The new facility will co-locate the
program and project staffs for flight projects into a single building. The building will contain a
separate 400 fixed-seat sloped-floor Project Review Center to host large project reviews and JPL
institutional meetings, as well as a 200 moveable-seat flat-floor conference room that will be divisible
into four 50 seat conference rooms. Expensive off-site leased space will be vacated and the need
for additional off-site leases will be avoided. Six 1940's vintage buildings and 44 wooden trailers will
be demolished. The Center will provide the means to collocate essential flight project personnel into
a single location for a true teaming environment. This will: increase project development efficiency;
enhance communications; allow sharing of common resources; enable more efficient dissemination

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-4

of lessons learned among projects; and enhance the ability of experts to support multiple
program/project functions. This is the first of two phases with a total estimated cost of $41 million
with completion planned in FY 2007.

Discrete Projects within the Exploration Capabilities Account

Space Shuttle Program

Project Title: Repairs to Launch Complex LC-39B

Location: Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island, FL

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

FY 2006 Estimate: $22.8M

This project provides for the complete repair and refurbishment of Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B).
LC-39B consists of the Fixed Service Structure (FSS) tower, which is approximately 300 feet tall and
40 feet square with a central core containing two elevators, and the Rotating Service Structure
(RSS) tower, which is approximately 130 feet tall and 52 feet square. The Orbiter Weather
Protection (OWP) system, and Payload Change-out Room (PCR) are integral parts of these tower
structures. This project removes and replaces corrosion damaged structural members and
connections on the FSS and on the RSS at LC-39B. RSS drive truck assemblies and rail systems
will be repaired. Existing deteriorated panels on the PCR will be replaced with corrugated stainless
steel sandwich insulated panels. Mechanical and electrical wall penetrations will be removed and
rerouted through new centralized bulkhead plates. Orbiter Weather Protection will be upgraded to
harden enclosures against weather and launch environments. New controls will be installed to
operate weather curtains and struts. The project will perform corrosion control and seal the LC-39B
structure with inorganic zinc coating. The project also includes modifications to improve safe access
for operations, maintenance, future inspections and corrosion protection where practical. All
abandoned equipment, structural elements, supports, lines, and associated hardware shall be
removed. Mechanical, electrical and control systems will be upgraded. An enhanced wash-down
system will be installed to protect the Orbiter from environmental contaminants while on the launch
pad. The flame deflector and flame trench will be refurbished. Concrete surfaces, slopes and
concrete structural beams on LC-39B will be repaired, reinforced and sealed. Other associated
minor repairs, modification and upgrades will be accomplished as required.

Project Title: Repairs to Vehicle Assembly Building

Location: Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island, FL

Mission Directorate: Space Operations

FY 2006 Estimate: $9.4M

This project will repair and refurbish several of the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) systems and
mechanisms. Secondary power systems and switch-gear will be revitalized. Fire extinguishing
systems for the extensible platform in high-bay 3 will be upgraded. VAB systems are significantly
deteriorated as a result of 40 years of operational use and the corrosive environment at the Kennedy
Space Center. VAB mechanical and electrical systems have become unreliable. In some cases,
system components are obsolete and replacement parts are no longer available. Failure to
complete VAB repairs could lead to loss of flight hardware in VAB, and increased risk of injury to
personnel. This is the third phase of a five-phase program of VAB system revitalization, and is
estimated to cost a total of $73 million and be completed in 2008.

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-5

FY 2006 Non-Programmatic Construction of Facilities

In Millions of Dollars

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

Total Non-Programmatic Construction of Facilities 185.4 147.7 181.9

Discrete Projects

41.5

26.9

51.3

Minor Revitalization and Construction

117.0

94.2

105.1

Facility Planning and Design

17.0

16.6

16.5

Demolition

9.9

10.0

9.0

Non-Programmatic Discrete Projects

Project Title: Rehabilitate Electrical Distribution System

Location: Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, CA

FY 2006 Estimate: $5.0M

This project will modernize and repair the Center’s primary electrical distribution system as part of a
phased program to improve reliability. Medium voltage switchgear and transformers will be replaced
with new medium voltage switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. New microprocessor-
based protective relays, and current and potential transformers will be used to allow connection to
the new Ames Power Monitoring System. The existing 1945 vintage, Center-wide electrical system
is worn out and unreliable. As a result, Ames has experienced increasing instances of power
interruptions that have adversely impacted critical research. The old switchgear is unsafe to
operate, and it is difficult to maintain because replacement parts are no longer available. This is the
fifth of approximately twelve phases estimated to cost a total of $63 million with completion planned
in FY 2014.

Project Title: Repair Emergency Chiller System, Building 24

Location: Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD

FY 2006 Estimate: $5.7M

This project replaces chillers, cooling towers, heat exchangers and associated mechanical and
electrical equipment of the emergency chilled water system, located in Building 24. Replacing the
equipment while maintaining emergency chiller service will require installation of new equipment in a
2,000 square foot building extension. The Emergency Chilled Water System comprises part of the
Goddard critical infrastructure. The system provides emergency chilled water to critical facilities at
the Greenbelt site in the event of a power failure. The chillers provide cooling for computers
supporting Hubble Space Telescope service, testing and emergency control as well as operations
and data acquisition for: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), High Energy X-Ray Timing
Experiment (XTE), Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), and other missions. The emergency chilled
water system also provides cooling to computers supporting NASA-wide voice distribution for
manned space missions. Failure of the emergency chilled water system would put these programs
at risk during a power failure. The current chillers and equipment are 21 years old and have
experienced multiple failures in the past two years. Replacement is necessary to provide reliable
emergency chilled water to critical systems in the case of a power failure. This is the first of two
phases to complete the project in FY 2007. The total estimated cost for both phases is $9 million.

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-6

Project Title: Construct Administrative and Education Center Complex

Location: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA

FY 2006 Estimate: $22.5M

This project replaces the current Administration Building (Building 180) and visitor control and
education facilities with a new Administrative and Education Center Complex. This project will
provide office, conference, and support facilities for approximately 220 people currently housed in
Building 180. A new 4,200 square-meter (45,000 square feet) Education Center will be constructed
to include a sloped-floor theater/auditorium, three conference rooms, a two-story exhibit hall, a
visitor badging lobby, a video/teleconference room, a conference/demonstration room, a teaching
resource classroom, and a one-story exhibit space. Parking spaces to support the new complex are
included. Building 180 is deficient in its ability to resist a major seismic event. It is more
economical to replace than to upgrade the building for seismic safety due to the inherent design of
the structure, inefficiency in space utilization, extent of asbestos fireproofing, age of the building and
its support systems, and non-conformance with contemporary life-safety and accessibility codes and
regulations. The Education Center will support JPL's role in carrying out the initiatives of NASA's
Office of Education by providing space and facilities for conferences, data and images distribution,
exhibits and displays, public outreach events, and other meetings that bring members of the
educational community, the media, and the general public to JPL. This is consistent with part of
NASA’s Mission to educate the public. This is the first of two phases with an estimated total
construction cost of $49 million. Completion is planned for FY 2007

Project Title: Seismic Upgrade of Telecommunications Building, B238

Location: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA

FY 2006 Estimate: $6.0M

This project upgrades the Telecommunications Building to increase its ability to withstand a major
seismic event. The building’s structural framing will be strengthened to meet current life-safety
standards for structures in this high seismic zone. The strengthening will consist of new perimeter
steel braced frames to be attached to the existing exterior floor beams and its footings will be tied
into the existing building foundations. Asbestos abatement will be done in areas affected by this
repair work. A detailed structural analysis revealed that the building does not satisfy current life-
safety provisions for this type of structure in a high seismic zone.

Project Title: Renovation of Operations and Checkout Building

Location: Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island, FL

FY 2006 Estimate: $5.4M

This project revitalizes the Operations and Checkout Building for indoor air quality, energy efficiency
and life safety compliance in various locations. The revitalization will consist of installing a sprinkler
system, energy-efficient office lighting, complete updating of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) systems and demolishing the existing HVAC ductwork that contributes to poor
indoor air quality. Asbestos abatement will also be included. Other facility systems include HVAC
controls, lighting and fire protection. This phase will include the demolition and renovation of a
portion of the North Wing. In addition, this project will upgrade employees’ office areas, including
power, communications and data systems. A critical need exists at the Kennedy Space Center to
revitalize substandard housing affecting the health, safety and welfare of personnel. The
deteriorated substandard housing is contributing to costly maintenance needs, highly inefficient
energy consumption and unhealthy working environments. The facility has not been updated to

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-7

current Florida Building Codes, Florida Fire Prevention Codes, or National Fire Protection
Association Life Safety Standards. This project will relieve personnel of the health dangers
associated with poor Indoor Air Quality and Building Related Illnesses. An increase in space
utilization will be realized. This is the first of six phases with a total estimated construction cost of
$37 million and completion planned for FY 2011.

Project Title: Upgrade Electrical Power Distribution

Location: Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA

FY 2006 Estimate: $6.7M

This project replaces old electrical equipment including transformers and switchgear. The
switchgear is 1950’s and 1960’s vintage technology and is failing. The transformers are more than
20 years old and past their useful life. Operations and maintenance costs to keep this outdated
system running are high and continually increasing. This is the first of seven phases. The total
estimated cost of all phases is $33.5 million. Completion of this project is planned for FY 2010.

Minor Revitalization and Construction of Facilities (projects less than $5.0M each)

Institutional

Support

Exploration

Capabilities

FY 2006 Estimate (Millions of Dollars) 105.1 42.0

Ames Research Center

6.5

Dryden Flight Research Center

2.9

Glenn Research Center

7.6

Goddard Space Flight Center

10.3

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

12.6

Johnson Space Center

19.7

3.5

Kennedy Space Center

12.3

4.9

Langley Research Center

11.9

Marshall Space Flight Center

12.9

26.5

Stennis Space Center

8.4

7.1

This request includes facility revitalization and construction needs greater than $0.5 million but less
than $5.0 million per project. Projects $0.5 million and less are normally accomplished by routine
day-to-day facility maintenance and repair activities provided for in direct program and Center
operating budgets. Proposed FY 2006 Non-Programmatic projects total $105.1 million for
components of the basic infrastructure and institutional facilities, and $42.0 million for specific
Exploration Capabilities projects. These resources provide for revitalization and construction of
facilities at NASA field installations and government-owned industrial plants supporting NASA
activities. Revitalization and modernization projects provide for the repair, modernization, and/or
upgrade of facilities and collateral equipment. Repair projects restore facilities and components to a
condition substantially equivalent to the originally intended and designed capability. Repair and
modernization work includes the substantially equivalent replacement of utility systems and
collateral equipment necessitated by incipient or actual breakdown. It also includes major
preventive measures that are normally accomplished on a cyclic schedule and those quickly needed
out-of-cycle based on adverse condition information revealed during predictive testing and
inspection efforts. Modernization and upgrade projects include both restoration of current functional

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-8

capability and enhancement of the condition of a facility so that it can more effectively accomplish its
designated purpose or increase its functional capability or so that it can meet new building, fire, and
accessibility codes.

The minor revitalization and construction projects that comprise this request are of the highest
priority, based on relative urgency and expected return on investment. The titles of the projects are
designed to identify the primary intent of each project and may not always capture the entire scope
or description of each project. Also, during the year, some rearrangement of priorities may be
necessary which may cause a change in some of the items to be accomplished.

Non-Programmatic Minor Revitalization Programs: $105.1 million

Ames Research Center (ARC), $6.5 million for the following:

1.  Legionella Mitigation, Buildings N10, N200, N207A, N212, N230, N238, and N248
2.  Modify Fire Exits and Safety Egress, Buildings N226, N244, N248, and N16
3.  Seismic Upgrades, Buildings N201, N223, N240
4.  Rehabilitate and Modify 20 MW Power Supply, Phase IV
5.  Rehabilitate and Modify Fire Suppression System, Buildings N200, N226, N244, N256, N16
6.  Rehabilitate and Modify Fire Suppression System, Buildings N207, N247, N260, N261, N10,

N510

Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC), $2.9 million for the following:

1. Repair Primary Electrical Distribution Systems, Phase 4
2. Repair Hangar B-4826

Glenn Research Center (GRC), $7.6 million for the following:

1.  Repair Parking Lots and Roads, Various Locations, Phase 2
2.  Rehabilitate Engineering Building 7141, Plum Brook Station, Phase 2
3. Modify Fire Alarms and Sprinklers for Life Safety, Various Buildings
4.  Repair Water System, Plum Brook Station, Phase 2

Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), $10.3 million for the following:

1.  Modify Various Buildings for Accessibility, Wallops Flight Facility (WFF)
2.  Safety Upgrades to Runway 10-28, Phase 2, WFF
3.  Modernize Magnetic Test Facility, Area 300
4.  Upgrade Information Technology Facilities Environmental Control, Building 5, Phase 2
5.  Site Utilities for Implementation of Master Plan
6.  Repair Roofs, Various Buildings
7.  Replace Septic Systems, WFF

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), $12.6 million for the following:

1.  Repair Spacecraft Assembly Facility, B179, Phase 1
2.  Replace Obsolete Power Control Center, Building 230
3.  Remodel Cafeteria Building 303
4.  Purchase and Improve Forestry Camp Road
5.  Replace Liquid Nitrogen Storage Tanks, Phase 2
6.  Upgrade HVAC Systems in Buildings 168 and 169

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-9

Johnson Space Center (JSC), $19.7 million for the following:

1.  Replace Roofs, Various Buildings (7, 15)
2.  Upgrade Central Plant and Rehabilitate Plant Equipment (24)
3.  Refurbish Public Affairs Facility (2 North)
4.  Upgrade/Rehabilitate Electrical Substation & Distribution Sys, Sony Carter Training Facility
5.  Repair Sanitary Sewer System, Ellington Field
6.  Repair Sprinkler and Fire Alarm Systems, Phase 1
7.  Rehabilitate Mission Simulation Development Facility (35)
8.  Rehabilitate Exchange Facilities, Phase II (3, 11, 207)
9.  Replace Roofs, Various Buildings (13)
10.  Replace Loggia Ledge Coatings, Various Buildings
11.  Upgrade Domestic Water Systems, Various Buildings
12.  Repair Site Roofs, White Sands Test Facility, Phase 2

Kennedy Space Center (KSC), $12.3 million for the following:

1.  Repair Industrial Area Support Building, M6-493
2.  Upgrade Facilities for Disabled Access, Various Locations
3.  Replace Life Support Facility
4.  Revitalize and Upgrade KSC Water and Waste Water Systems, Various Locations
5.  Replace Critical Transformers, Industrial and LC-39 Areas, Phase 2
6.  Replace High Voltage Substations at M7-505
7.  Install Optical Fire Detection Systems, Various Locations
8.  Revitalize Cable and Duct Distribution, Industrial Area, Phase 3
9.  Upgrade Primary Power System, M6-0409

Langley Research Center (LaRC), $11.9 million for the following:

1.  Upgrade Facilities for Disabled Access, Various Locations, Phase 2
2.  Rehabilitate Building 1192 D & E
3.  Rehabilitate Elevators, Various Facilities
4.  Refurbish Building 645A
5.  Enhanced High Pressure Air Capability for National Transonic Facility, B1236
6.  Repair Steam Condensate Return System in Tunnels

Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), $12.9 million for the following:

1. Replace HVAC and Electrical Equipment (4570)
2. Replace Asbestos Siding and Provide Energy/Safety Upgrades to Building Systems (4705),

Phase 1

3.  Replace & Upgrade Control Systems for Bridge Cranes (Site Wide), Phase 4
4.  Energy Upgrades to Central Chiller Plant (4473)
5.  Construct Additional Bays, Phase 1

Stennis Space Center, $8.4 million for the following:

1.  Relocation of Stennis Visitors Center
2.  Repair 120/208V Power Distribution, Sitewide Phase 2
3.  Repairs to Roofing (1103, 1105, 2201, 8110)
4.  Repairs to Administration Area Heating System
5.  Restoration of Fire Alarm Systems, Phase 5
6.  Repairs to 13.8kV Unit Substations in the Test Complex

Supporting Data:

Construction of Facilities

7-10

Exploration Capabilities Minor Revitalization Programs: $42.0 million

Johnson Space Center (JSC), $3.5 million for the following:

1. Replace Fire Detection System, Building 30S (Shuttle)
2. Rehabilitate Small Altitude Simulation System Steam Line, 300 and 400 Areas, WSTF

(Shuttle)

Kennedy Space Center (KSC), $4.9 million for the following:

1. Renovate HVAC System Building 836, Vandenberg Launch Site (Space and Flight Support)
2. Upgrade OPF-1 & 2 Fire Extinguishing (Firex) Water Systems (Shuttle)
3. Refurbish Roll up Doors, Rotating Payload Servicing Facility (RPSF) Surge Building

Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), $26.5 million for the following:

1. Rehabilitate Controls, Cranes & Trolleys, Building 103, Phase 1, Michoud Assembly Facility

(MAF) (Shuttle)

2.  Replace Roof, Building 303, MAF (Shuttle)
3.  Rehabilitate Waste Water Process Tanks, Phase 1, MAF (Shuttle)
4.  Replace Air Handling Units (AHUs) 14, 17, 20, 25 & 26, Building 114, MAF (Shuttle)
5.  Enhance Chemical Clean Line Facility, Building 103, MAF (Shuttle)
6.  Replace Substation #46 & MCC, Building 131, MAF (Shuttle)
7.  Install Closed Loop Chilled Water System, Building 103, Phase 2, MAF (Shuttle)
8.  Replace Fire Alarm Systems, Phase 2, MAF (Shuttle)
9.  Rehabilitate Cranes & Trolleys / Controls, Building 103, Phase 2, MAF (Shuttle)
10.  Rehabilitate North Mezzanine, Building 103, MAF (Shuttle)
11.  Replace Breathing /Air Compressors, Building 318, MAF (Shuttle)
12.  Repair Roads and Parking Lots, Mars Drive and Building 103/318/350/351, MAF (Shuttle)

Stennis Space Center (SSC), $7.1 million for the following:

1.  Repair and Modernize SSME A-2 Test Stand, Phase 6 (Shuttle)
2.  Refurbish High Pressure Industrial Water Pumps, Phase 3 (Shuttle)
3.  Repairs to Cryogenic Barge Docks, Mooring Dolphins and Rolling Devices, (Shuttle)
4.  Upgrades to Shuttle Infrastructure; Electrical Distribution (Shuttle)

Facility Planning and Design (FP&D)

Cognizant Office: Office of Infrastructure, Management and Headquarters Operations

FY 2006 Estimate: $16.5M

These funds are required to provide for: advance planning and design activities; special engineering
studies; facility engineering research; preliminary engineering efforts required to initiate design-build
projects; preparation of final designs, construction plans, specifications, and associated cost
estimates; and participation in facilities-related professional engineering associations and
organizations. These resources provide for project planning and design activities associated with
non-programmatic construction projects. Project planning and design activities for construction
projects required to conduct specific Exploration Capabilities or Science, Aeronautics and
Exploration programs or projects are included in the appropriate budget line item. Other activities

Supporting Data:

Integrated Financial Management Program

8-1

Purpose

The goal of the Integrated Financial Management Program (IFMP) is to improve the financial,
physical, and human resources management processes throughout the Agency. IFMP will re-
engineer NASA's business infrastructure in the context of industry "best practices" and implement
enabling technology to provide the necessary management information to support the Agency's
Strategic Plan implementation.

Overview

Several projects are currently being managed by IFMP. The Core Financial Project, NASA's first
fully integrated financial management system, was implemented in FY 2003 at all ten Centers. This
system provides Agency-wide visibility of financial information to facilitate the decision-making
process, thereby improving information exchange with customers and stakeholders. This system
supports the Agency’s implementation of full cost accounting, and the Agency’s goal of “getting to
Green” in Financial Performance within the President’s Management Agenda (PMA). The Resume
Management (RM) Project, implemented in FY 2002, introduced a new process and system that has
changed how Human Resources offices fulfill their recruiting and staffing responsibilities. In 2004,
we began modifying the RM system to support the e-Gov initiative, Recruitment One Stop. The
Position Description Management Project, completed in September 2002, enables users to rapidly
prepare and classify Position Descriptions (PDs). The Travel Management Project, completed in FY
2003 implemented a standardized, integrated travel management system that provides electronic
routing, e-mail, and timely travel information. The Agency will be migrating to the eGov travel
initiative beginning in FY 2006. Future projects include Project Management Information
Improvement, Labor Distribution, Integrated Asset Management (IAM), Contract Management
Module (CMM), and an upgrade to the existing financial system. The budget runout has been
modified to focus on the development and implementation costs of the program. In the FY 2006
budget, deployment of all modules was planned to be completed in FY 2007, however, subsequent
Agency requirements, priorities, and funding reductions are expected to impact the schedule and
extend the implementation. The funds to cover the FY 2007 and out costs were initially budgeted to
support the transfer of IFMP to the NASA Shared Services Center for sustainment. These funds are
within the Corporate G&A funding levels and, therefore, do not represent additional costs to the
Agency. With respect to GAO reports related to NASA's Integrated Financial Management Program,
actions have been completed for most of the GAO’s recommendations, and the Agency has
corrective action plans in place for open recommendations.

Program Management

IFMP program authority resides in the Office of the Administrator, with Program Executive Officer
Patrick Ciganer. IFMP program management resides within the Office of the Chief Financial Officer,
with Program Director Bobby German. The Agency Program Management Council (PMC) has
governing responsibility.

This program is in full compliance with NPG 7120.

Supporting Data:

Integrated Financial Management Program

8-2

Technical Commitment

The initial baseline for IFMP technical commitment was made in February 2002. The baseline was
updated in the FY 2005 President's Budget.

Technical Specifications FY 2005 President's Budget

Performance Measures

1. Provide timely, consistent,
and reliable information for
management decisions.

1. Provide consistent, timely, and reliable financial data to
Agency, Directorate, Center, Program, Project and
functional managers to support decision making;
2. Provide on-line access to program and project data to the
Agency Directorates and Centers;
3. Implement standardized, reengineered processes across
functions and systems throughout the Agency.

*Number of Days between periodic
closings and availability of financial
data to internal customers.
*Percent of users having on-line, real
time access to financial data
necessary to function.

2. Improve NASA's
accountability and enable full
cost management.

1. Provide financial data for the purpose of determining the
cost of providing specific Agency programs and projects;
2. Improve financial data consistency.

*Number of Days between periodic
closings and availability of financial
data to internal customers.
*Percent of users having on-line, real
time access to financial data
necessary to function.

3. Achieve efficiencies and
operate effectively.

1. Streamline and standardize financial business processes
across NASA to operate more effectively;
2. Provide tools to utilize admin and tech work force more
effectively;
3. Provide an automated audit trail for financial data.

*Number of applications or systems
required to conduct process; for Core
Financial the number of legacy
systems shutdown with processes
transitioned to SAP R/3.

4. Exchange information with
customers and stakeholders.

1. Provide consistent, timely, and reliable financial data to
NASA's external customers;
2. Improve exchange of financial data among internal
customers.

*Number of applications or systems
required to conduct process; for Core
Financial the number of legacy
systems shutdown with processes
transitioned to SAP R/3.

5. Attract and retain a world-
class workforce.

1. Provide tools to users that enable them to do their jobs
more effectively;
2. Provide increased opportunities for sharing of data,
practices and teaming across Centers.

*Percent of users having on-line, real
time access to financial data
necessary to function.

*IFMP benefits a broad range of NASA processes and programs and is principally aligned with the Implementing Strategy-1:
achieve management and institutional excellence comparable to NASA's technical excellence, as defined in the NASA 2003
Strategic Plan. Each module project defines its functional drivers, which demonstrate how the project supports accomplishment
of the Agency business drivers or technical specifications.

Acquisition Strategy and Performing Organizations

Multiple contracts are being utilized to support IFMP, all of which are using GSA Schedule contract
vehicles. These contracts support IFMP as a whole, as well as the specific module projects across
the various Centers.

Changes since FY 2005 President's Budget:

Implementation contractor and Program

Management contractor selected. Also, selected software and services provider for Contract
Management.

Agreements

Internal:

The program relies on support from each of the ten NASA Centers. Agreements and

Commitments are signed with each Center responsible official prior to beginning implementation
work at the Center.

Changes since FY 2005 President's Budget

External

: Implemented agreement with Department

of Interior for interface and support for ePayroll.

Supporting Data:

Integrated Financial Management Program

8-3

Independent Reviews

Review Types

Performer

Last Review Date Next Review Date

Purpose

Independent
Annual Review

IPAO

19-Nov-02

March 2005

To validate performance of program and
project commitments.

Annual Financial
Audit

Ernst & Young

November 2004

November 2005

Audit NASA's annual Financial Statements,
IT configuration and controls, and Federal
Financial Management Improvement Act
system compliance.

Budget/Life Cycle Cost (Implementation)

Budget Authority ($
millions)

Prior FY04 FY05 FY06

FY07

FY08

FY09

FY10

Total Comments

FY 2006 President's
Budget

236.6 139.8 74.3 76.9

62.5

72.5

41.9

746.4

Changes since FY 05
PBS

0.0

22.9

-41.5

-7.8

62.5

72.5

41.9

192.4 Reason for Change:

G&A increase in FY04.
Reductions in FY05 & FY06 due
to revised program schedule.
Increases starting in FY07 have
equivalent offsets in sustaining
costs under the NSSC budget,
and do not represent additional
costs to the Agency.

FY 2005 President's
Budget

236.6 116.9 115.8 84.7

0.0

554.1

Numbers may not add due to rounding

Indicates changes since the previous year’s President’s Budget Submit

National Institute of Aerospace

9-1

National Institute of Aerospace (NIA)

The National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) is a research and education institute initiated by NASA
Langley Research Center (LaRC) to ensure a national capability to support NASA's Mission by
expanding collaboration with academia and leveraging expertise inside and outside NASA. A
nationwide competitive procurement process resulted in the selection of a consortium that created
the non-governmental, non-profit NIA. The consortium includes the American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics Foundation, the Georgia Institute of Technology, the North Carolina
Agricultural and Technical State University, the North Carolina State University, the University of
Maryland, the University of Virginia, the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and the
Hampton University as full members, and the Old Dominion University and the College of William
and Mary as affiliate members. The NIA has been operational since January 3, 2003 and is,
currently staffed with 36 research scientists, 12 faculty members, 30 fulltime graduate students and
22 administrative staff.

The NIA is a strategic partner conducting leading edge research working in collaboration with LaRC.
The technical scope of the NIA is the research and development of aerospace vehicle technologies,
atmospheric sciences, and the commercialization of intellectual property created by the NIA. In
synergy with the research programs at LaRC, the NIA also has a science and engineering graduate
education capability, offering 110 graduate engineering courses and seven graduate degrees,
provided by its university partners.

One of the innovative aspects of the NIA is the use of information technology to create both a virtual
collaborative research environment and a distance-learning educational capability leveraging the
unique facilities and laboratories of LaRC and the partners. The NIA has also established a
permanent location, housed in commercial rental office space, in close proximity to LaRC to
enhance collaboration with LaRC research personnel and to facilitate access to the extensive world-
class experimental facilities located at LaRC.

NASA will provide $5 million per year for five years to sponsor a “core” program. The “core”
program includes support to establish the initial research and education infrastructure of the NIA and
to fund the Distinguished Professor program. The Distinguished Professor program is a resident
scholar program intended to attract gifted researchers to the NIA. After the first five years, the NIA
will develop a broader customer base and become self-sufficient, receiving no “core” funding from
NASA. The only NASA funds it will receive will be from those specific programs and projects that
require the NIA’s services. Anticipated funding by NASA to the NIA and University cost-sharing is
given below.

Budget Authority ($ in millions)

FY 2004

Actuals

FY 2005

Estimates

FY 2006

Budget

NASA Funding*

**20.7

21.0

**** TBD

University Cost-Sharing

***1.2 1.2 1.2

Total Program Funding

21.9

22.2

**** TBD

* FY 2004 is actual funding; FY 2005 is an estimate and a majority of the actual funding will be determined based on program
requirements.

** Includes $5M Congressional Interest Items

*** FY 2004 University Cost-Sharing is an estimate; the actual is unavailable from the NIA at the time of this submission.

**** FY 2006 Estimates are not completed at this time.

Management and Performance:

Full Cost FY 2006 Update

1-1

Direct

Procurements

Direct Travel

Direct Civil

Service

Workforce and

Benefits

Service Pools*

Contracts and

Purchases

Civil Servant

Work Force,

Benefits and

Travel

Direct Costs

Indirect Costs

Center G&A

Civil Servant

Work Force,

Benefits, Travel

and Service Pool

Overhead

* Costs of services provided to projects based on use/consumption

Project Full Cost Budget

Full Cost Budgeting

For the third consecutive year, NASA has formulated its budget in “Full Cost” advancing the
methods first utilized two years ago. NASA has operated in a total full cost environment since its
implementation on October 1, 2003. Since then, managers have been managing programs in terms
of their total costs.

“Full cost” means that each program’s budget estimate includes all of the program’s direct and
indirect costs, including all civil service salaries and infrastructure costs. Full cost budgeting directly
links each program with all the resources it benefits from or consumes. This linkage is designed to
provide accurate estimates and actual cost information, enabling managers to assess resources in
terms of their financial cost and value to the program. Full cost budgeting also allows managers to
better hold accountable those managing the resources.

Implementing full cost has been crucial to NASA’s success to integrate budget and performance as
called for in the President’s Management Agenda (PMA). NASA was the first agency to receive the
coveted “green” rating in this area. In response to NASA implementing the Vision for Space
Exploration, the Agency has recently adapted a new budget data structure that will better facilitate
full cost practices. First, budgetary reporting elements are organized according to a hierarchy: (from
highest to lowest) Mission Directorate, Theme, Program and Project. Secondly, Programs and
Projects are clearly distinguished from each other and managed accordingly. Projects roll up into
Programs; Programs roll up into Themes; and Themes into Mission Directorates. Moreover, the
Projects and Programs are scrutinized for compliance with the NASA Procedural Requirement
7120.5C “NASA Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements” document.

Full Cost: Cost Elements and Classifications

In full cost, each Project’s budget includes direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs consist of
those costs that can be obviously and cleanly linked to a Project—these are the costs that are
“directly” controlled by a Project Manager. Indirect costs are those costs that cannot be clearly or
expeditiously linked to a Project; they are instead linked through an allocation. Indirect costs include
overhead for internal service pools and General and Administrative (G&A) costs incurred by NASA
Centers. The full cost of a project is the sum of these costs. Figure 1 depicts in detail the cost
components for each NASA full cost project.

Figure 1: Components of NASA’s Full Cost Budget

Management and Performance:

Full Cost FY 2006 Update

1-2

Descriptions of each cost element:

Direct Costs

Direct Procurements

: The procurements that are directly controlled and acquired by the Project

Manager. These costs are linked to a project at the time the costs are incurred. They include
purchased goods and services, contracted support, and materials.

Direct Civil Service Workforce and Benefits

: The costs associated with the Civil Service

employees that charge their time to the Project. This includes their base pay as well as fringe
benefits. These costs are incurred on a two-week cycle and linked to the Project at that time.

Direct Travel

: The costs associated with personnel traveling for activities in support of the

Project. These costs are linked to the project at the time the costs are incurred.

Service Pools

: The costs of services consumed by the Project, in which the level of service is

directly controlled by the Project Manager. These costs are linked back to the Project (usually on
a monthly basis) in a fair, equitable manner based on pre-determined metrics, identifying the
degree to which Projects benefit from the pool’s services. Service pool costs include the salaries
and benefits of civil servants working for the pool, as well as their travel. There are six standard
service pools established for use by NASA Centers: Facilities and Related Services; Information
Technology; Science and Engineering; Fabrication; Test Services; and Wind Tunnel Services.

Indirect Costs

Center G&A Costs

: The costs associated with Center services such as legal, financial, medical,

security, environmental, media, logistics, public affairs, human resources, administration,
financial, and procurement, as well as any Center investments. These are Center costs that
cannot be allocated to specific projects based on consumption. These costs are linked to each
Project based on the amount of civil servants and on-site contractors working directly to support
the Project. Center G&A costs include the salaries and benefits of Center civil servants in G&A
functions, as well as their travel.

Corporate G&A Costs

: The costs associated with NASA Headquarters and Agency-wide

activities (including costs of Corporate G&A functions performed at NASA Centers on behalf of
the Agency). Corporate functions include the NASA Administrator’s office, Mission Directorate
management, Headquarters operations, and the Mission Support Offices that govern Agency-
wide matters, such as public affairs, procurement, finance, and human resources policy and
practice. Corporate G&A costs are assessed to Programs based on their share of NASA’s total
cost (including service pool costs and Center G&A). Figure 2 illustrates the Program’s Full Cost
Budget elements.

Figure 2: Program’s Full Cost Budget Elements

Program Full Cost

Project B

Corporate G&A

Direct

Project A

Indirect

Direct

Indirect

President’s Management Agenda Update

MP 2-1

President’s Management Agenda

NASA has made significant progress in improving the quality of our management by
implementing the President’s Management Agenda (PMA). This is an effort to improve the way
that government manages in five key areas across all federal agencies: Human Capital,
Financial Management, E-Government, Competitive Sourcing, and Budget and Performance
Integration. NASA, like several other agencies, is also working toward improvement in a new
PMA initiative: Federal Real Property Management. The President’s Management Agenda
provides the central focus for all management reform efforts across the Agency, including our
Freedom to Manage initiatives. NASA has established a highly integrated, disciplined process
for “getting to green,” with weekly status reports to the Administrator by each of our PMA area
champions.

NASA is a leading agency in the implementation of the PMA. This is evidenced by the fact that
NASA is one of the few federal agencies to have achieved at least three “green” status ratings,
in the PMA areas of Human Capital, E-Government and Budget and Performance Integration.
In addition, NASA was recently honored in December 2004 with the receipt of a President’s
Quality Award (PQA) in Competitive Sourcing. This is the second PQA NASA has received.
Previously, NASA received an honorable mention for Budget and Performance Integration
efforts in FY 2003 – the only such award for Budget and Performance Integration.

NASA’s progress in strengthening our management foundation and agency credibility in PMA
has positioned the agency to effectively implement

The President’s Vision for U.S. Space

Exploration,

unveiled in January 2004.

NASA’s President’s Management Agenda Scorecard (December 31, 2004)

Human Capital

NASA implemented a human capital plan, established an accountability system to track the
associated results, and demonstrated the ability to make distinctions in employee performance
using a comprehensive awards system. Further, NASA received Office of Personnel
Management provisional certification for its Senior Executive Service and SL/ST performance
appraisal system.

Competitive Sourcing

NASA has a competitive sourcing plan and has announced two standard competitions involving
more than 230 positions. Additionally, an integral part of NASA's competitive sourcing plan are
science competitions in which NASA scientists compete against those in academia, industry

Human
Capital

Competitive

Sourcing

Financial

Performance

E-

Government

Budget and

Performance

Integration

Federal Real

Property

Management

Status*

Progress

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-1

In 2004, NASA transformed its organization in order to better achieve

The Vision for Space Exploration

. As a

result of this Vision for the Agency, NASA has identified 18 new Strategic Objectives that define what the
Agency has been asked to accomplish. These Objectives replace the existing Objectives from the 2003
Strategic Plan, and provide the first step in the development of the new NASA strategic plan for 2006. This FY
2005 Performance Plan Update re-maps the original FY 2005 commitment for annual performance goals into
the new Strategic Objectives. With only a few exceptions, this update reflects the original plan as committed in
the FY 2005 Budget request. The exceptions are identified in the list of goals that have been deleted due to
termination of projects not required to support the new exploration activities.

NASA Objective 2: Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to
understand the history of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration.

Outcome 2.1: Characterize the present climate of Mars and determine how it has evolved over time.

5MEP5 Successfully complete the Mission Concept Review and PMSR for the 2009 Mars Telesat Orbiter (NOTE: this APG

supports all MEP research focus areas).

5MEP7 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the present climate of Mars and determine how it has evolved

over time. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.2: Understand the history and behavior of water and other volatiles on Mars.

5MEP1 Successfully complete Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO) for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission.

5MEP2 Successfully launch the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

5MEP8 Successfully demonstrate progress in investigating the history and behavior of water and other volatiles on Mars.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.3: Understand the chemistry, mineralogy, and chronology of Martian materials.

5MEP9 Successfully demonstrate progress in studying the chemistry, mineralogy, and chronology of Martian materials.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.4: Determine the characteristics and dynamics of the interior of Mars.

5MEP10 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the characteristics and dynamics of the interior of Mars. Progress

towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.5: Understand the character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on Mars.

5MEP4 Successfully complete the Preliminary Mission System Review (PMSR) for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)

Mission.

5MEP6 Successfully complete Preliminary Design Review (PDR) for Laser Communication Demonstration (NOTE: this APG

supports all Mars Exploration research focus areas).

5MEP11 Successfully demonstrate progress in investigating the character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on Mars. Progress

towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.6: Search for chemical and biological signatures of past and present life on Mars.

5MEP3 Complete science instrument selections for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL).

5MEP12 Successfully demonstrate progress in searching for chemical and biological signatures of past and present life on

Mars. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.7: Identify and understand the hazards that the Martian environment will present to human
explorers.

5MEP13 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying and studying the hazards that the Martian environment will present to

human explorers. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 2.8: Inventory and characterize Martian resources of potential benefit to human exploration of
Mars.

5MEP14 Successfully demonstrate progress in inventorying and characterizing Martian resources of potential benefit to human

exploration of Mars. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-2

NASA Objective 3: Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes
and to support human exploration. In particular, explore Jupiter's moons, asteroids and other
bodies to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to search
for resources.

Outcome 3.1: Understand the initial stages of planet and satellite formation.

5SSE2 Complete integration and testing for New Horizons/Pluto.

5SSE4 Release a NASA Research Announcement (NRA) for In Space Power and Propulsion technology development

activities (NOTE: this APG could potentially support multiple SSE research focus areas).

5SSE7 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the initial stages of planet and satellite formation. Progress

towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.2: Understand the processes that determine the characteristics of bodies in our solar system
and how these processes operate and interact.

5SSE8 Successfully demonstrate progress in studying the processes that determine the characteristics of bodies in our solar

system and how these processes operate and interact. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by
external review.

Outcome 3.3: Understand why the terrestrial planets are so different from one another.

5SSE9 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding why the terrestrial planets are so different from one another.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.4: Learn what our solar system can tell us about extra-solar planetary systems.

5SSE10 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning what our solar system can tell us about extra-solar planetary systems.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.5: Determine the nature, history, and distribution of volatile and organic compounds in the
solar system.

5SSE3 Select the next New Frontiers mission (NOTE: this APG could potentially support multiple SSE research focus areas).

5SSE11 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the nature, history, and distribution of volatile and organic

compounds in the solar system. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.6: Identify the habitable zones in the solar system.

5SSE12 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the habitable zones in the solar system. Progress towards achieving

outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.7: Identify the sources of simple chemicals that contribute to pre-biotic evolution and the
emergence of life.

5SSE13 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the sources of simple chemicals that contribute to prebiotic evolution

and the emergence of life. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.8: Study Earth's geologic and biologic records to determine the historical relationship between
Earth and its biosphere.

5SSE14 Successfully demonstrate progress in studying Earth's geologic and biologic records to determine the historical

relationship between Earth and its biosphere. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external
review.

Outcome 3.9: By 2008, inventory at least 90 percent of asteroids and comets larger than one kilometer in
diameter that could come near Earth.

5SSE5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the inventory and dynamics of bodies that may pose an impact

hazard to Earth. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 3.10: Determine the physical characteristics of comets and asteroids relevant to any threat they
may pose to Earth.

5SSE1 Successfully launch Deep Impact.

5SSE6 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the physical characteristics of comets and asteroids relevant to any

threat they may pose to Earth. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-3

NASA Objective 4: Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable
environments around the stars.

Outcome 4.1: Learn how the cosmic web of matter organized into the first stars and galaxies and how
these evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today.

5ASO4 Demonstrate James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) primary mirror technology readiness by testing a prototype in a

flight-like environment.

5ASO5 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how the cosmic web of matter organized into the first stars and

galaxies and how these evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today. Progress towards achieving outcomes will
be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.2: Understand how different galactic ecosystems of stars and gas formed and which ones
might support the existence of planets and life.

5ASO6 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding how different galactic ecosystems of stars and gas formed and

which ones might support the existence of planets and life. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by
external review.

Outcome 4.3: Learn how gas and dust become stars and planets.

5ASO7 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how gas and dust become stars and planets. Progress towards

achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.4: Observe planetary systems around other stars and compare their architectures and
evolution with our own.

5ASO3 Demonstrate system-level instrument pointing precision consistent with SIM's flight system basic performance

requirements, as specified in program plan.

5ASO8 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing planetary systems around other stars and comparing their

architectures and evolution with our own. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.5: Characterize the giant planets orbiting other stars.

5ASO9 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the giant planets orbiting other stars. Progress towards

achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.6: Find out how common Earth-like planets are and see if any might be habitable.

5ASO2 Successfully complete the Kepler mission Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

5ASO10 Successfully demonstrate progress in finding out how common Earth-like planets are and seeing if any might be

habitable. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.7: Trace the chemical pathways by which simple molecules and dust evolve into the organic
molecules important for life.

5ASO1 Deliver the SOFIA Airborne Observatory to Ames Research Center for final testing.

5ASO11 Successfully demonstrate progress in tracing the chemical pathways by which simple molecules and dust evolve into

the organic molecules important for life. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 4.8: Develop the tools and techniques to search for life on planets beyond our solar system.

5ASO12 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the tools and techniques to search for life on planets beyond our

solar system. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

NASA Objective 5: Explore the universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and
destiny.

Outcome 5.1: Search for gravitational waves from the earliest moments of the Big Bang.

5SEU4 Successfully demonstrate progress in search for gravitational waves from the earliest moments of the Big Bang.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.2: Determine the size, shape, and matter-energy content of the universe.

5SEU5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the size, shape, and matter-energy content of the universe.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.3: Measure the cosmic evolution of dark energy.

5SEU6 Successfully demonstrate progress in measuring the cosmic evolution of the dark energy, which controls the destiny

of the universe. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-4

Outcome 5.4: Determine how black holes are formed, where they are, and how they evolve.

5SEU7 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how black holes are formed, where they are, and how they evolve.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.5: Test Einstein's theory of gravity and map space-time near event horizons of black holes.

5SEU8 Successfully demonstrate progress in testing Einstein's theory of gravity and mapping space-time near event horizons

of black holes. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.6: Observe stars and other material plunging into black holes.

5SEU9 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing stars and other material plunging into black holes. Progress towards

achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.7: Determine how, where, and when the chemical elements were made, and trace the flows of
energy and magnetic fields that exchange them between stars, dust, and gas.

5SEU10 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how, where, and when the chemical elements were made, and

tracing the flows of energy and magnetic fields that exchange them between stars, dust, and gas. Progress towards
achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.8: Explore the behavior of matter in extreme astrophysical environments, including disks,
cosmic jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays.

5SEU1 Complete the integration and testing of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) spacecraft bus.

5SEU11 Successfully demonstrate progress in exploring the behavior of matter in extreme astrophysical environments,

including disks, cosmic jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays. Progress towards achieving
outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 5.9: Discover how the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and gravity shapes galaxies and
systems of galaxies.

5SEU12 Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and gravity shapes

galaxies and systems of galaxies. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

NASA Objective 6: Return the Space Shuttle to flight and focus its use on completion of the
International Space Station, complete assembly of the ISS, and retire the Space Shuttle in 2010,
following completion of its role in ISS assembly. Conduct ISS activities consistent with U.S.
obligations to ISS partners.

Outcome 6.1: Assure public, flight crew, and workforce safety for all Space Shuttle operations, and safely
meet the manifest and flight rate commitment through completion of Space Station assembly.

5SSP1 Achieve zero Type-A (damage to property at least $1M or death) or Type-B (damage to property at least $250K or

permanent disability or hospitalization of three or more persons) mishaps in FY 2005.

5SSP2 Achieve an average of eight or fewer flight anomalies per Space Shuttle mission in FY 2005.

5SSP3 Achieve 100 percent on-orbit mission success for all Shuttle missions launched in FY 2005. For this metric, mission

success criteria are those provided to the prime contractor (SFOC) for purposes of determining successful
accomplishment of the performance incentive fees in the contract.

Outcome 6.2: Provide safe, well-managed and 95 percent reliable space communications, rocket
propulsion testing, and launch services to meet Agency requirements.

5SFS8 Establish the Agency-wide baseline space communications architecture, including a framework for possible deep

space and near Earth laser communications services.

5SFS15 Maintain NASA success rate at or above a running average of 95% for missions on the FY 2005 Expendable Launch

Vehicle (ELV) manifest.

5SFS16 Achieve at least 95% of planned data delivery for the International Space Station, each Space Shuttle mission, and

low-Earth orbiting missions in FY 2005.

5SFS19 Define and provide space transportation requirements for future human and robotic exploration and development of

space to all NASA and other government agency programs pursuing improvements in space transportation.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-5

NASA Objective 7: Develop a new crew exploration vehicle to provide crew transportation for
missions beyond low Earth orbit. First test flight to be by the end of this decade, with
operational capability for human exploration no later than 2014.

Outcome 7.1: By 2014, develop and flight-demonstrate a human exploration vehicle that supports safe,
affordable and effective transportation and life support for human crews traveling from the Earth to
destinations beyond LEO.

5TS1 Conduct a detailed review of previous vehicle programs to capture lessons-learned and appropriate technology

maturation; incorporate results into the human exploration vehicle requirements definition process.

5TS2 Develop and obtain approval for human exploration vehicle Level 1 and Level 2 Requirements and the resulting

Program Plan.

5TS3 Complete preliminary conceptual design(s) for the human exploration vehicle, in conjunction with definition of an

integrated exploration systems architecture.

5TS4 Develop launch vehicle Level 1 Requirements for human-robotic exploration within an integrated architecture, and

define corresponding programs to assure the timely availability of needed capabilities, including automated
rendezvous, proximity operations and docking, modular structure assembly, in space refueling, and launch vehicle
modifications and developments.

5TS5 Conduct a preliminary conceptual design study for a human-robotic Mars exploration vehicle, in conjunction with

definition of an integrated exploration systems architecture.

NASA Objective 8: Focus research and use of the ISS on supporting space exploration goals,
with emphasis on understanding how the space environment affects human health and
capabilities, and developing countermeasures.

Outcome 8.1: By 2010 complete assembly of the ISS, including U.S. components that support U.S. space
exploration goals and those provided by foreign partners.

5ISS5 Obtain agreement among the International Partners on the final ISS configuration.

Outcome 8.2: Annually provide 90 percent of the optimal on-orbit resources available to support research,
including power, data, crew time, logistics, and accommodations.

5ISS1 In concert with the ISS International Partners, extend a continuous two-person (or greater) crew presence on the ISS

through the end of FY 2004.

5ISS2 Achieve zero Type-A (damage to property at least $1M or death) or Type-B (damage to property at least $250K or

permanent disability or hospitalization of 3 or more persons) mishaps in FY 2005.

5ISS3 Based on the Space Shuttle return-to-flight plan, establish a revised baseline for ISS assembly (through International

Core Complete) and research support.

5ISS4 Provide at least 80% of up-mass, volume and crew-time for science as planned at the beginning of FY 2005.

5ISS6 Continuously sustain a crew to conduct research aboard the ISS.

Outcome 8.4: By 2006, each Research Partnership Center will establish at least one new partnership with a
major NASA R&D program to conduct dual-use research that benefits NASA, industry, or academia.

5RPFS4 Promote availability of RPC-built spaceflight hardware throughout NASA utilizing the new database.

5RPFS5 Implement hardware sharing system.

5RPFS6 Identify and develop a working relationship with at least one new non-SPD user of RPC-built spaceflight hardware.

Outcome 8.5: By 2008, develop and test the following candidate countermeasures to ensure the health of
humans traveling in space: bisphosphonates, potassium citrate, and mitodrine.

5BSR7 Increase the use of space flight analogs on the ground to better define hypotheses for flight experiments.

5BSR8 Publish final results of Bioastronautics experiments conducted during ISS increment 8 and preliminary results from

Increments 9 and 10.

5BSR9 Maintain productive peer-reviewed research program in Biomedical Research and Countermeasures including a

National Space Biomedical Research Institute that will perform team-based focused countermeasure-development
research.

5BSR10 Under the Human Research Initiative (HRI) increase the number of investigations addressing biomedical issues

associated with human space exploration.

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MP 3-6

5BSR11 Conduct scientific workshops to fully engage the scientific community in defining research strategies for addressing

and solving NASA's biomedical risks.

5SFS20 Certify the medical fitness of all crew members before launch.

Outcome 8.6: By 2008, reduce the uncertainties in estimating radiation risks by one-half.

5BSR12 Expand the space radiation research science community to involve cutting edge researchers in related disciplines by

soliciting, selecting, and funding high quality research.

5BSR13 Use 1000 hours/yr of beam time at the National Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National

Laboratory (BNL) to measure survival, genetic mutation (mutagenesis) and chromosome aberrations in cells and
tissues to improve understanding of the biological effects of the space radiation environment.

5BSR14 Integrate research data collected over the past two years at NSRL, with existing database to develop more accurate

predictions resulting in improved biological strategies for radiation risk reduction.

Outcome 8.7: By 2010, identify and test technologies to reduce total mass requirements for life support by
two thirds using current ISS mass requirement baseline.

5BSR17 Demonstrate, through vigorous research and technology development, a 55% reduction in the projected mass of a life

support flight system compared to the system base-lined for ISS.

Outcome 8.8: By 2008, develop a predictive model and prototype systems to double improvements in
radiation shielding efficiency.

5PSR9 Continue accumulating data on radiation effects on materials properties and initiate the assessment of the

performance of multifunctional materials.

NASA Objective 11: Develop and demonstrate power generation, propulsion, life support, and
other key capabilities required to support more distant, more capable, and/or longer duration
human and robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations.

Outcome 11.3: By 2015, identify, develop, and validate human-robotic capabilities required to support
human-robotic lunar missions.

5HRT1 Establish an integrated, top-down strategy-to-task technology R&D planning process to facilitate the development of

human-robotic exploration systems requirements.

5HRT2 Execute two systems-focused Quality Function Deployment exercises through an Operational Advisory Group

(including both technologists and operators) to better define systems attributes necessary to accomplish human-
robotic exploration operational objectives.

5HRT3 Execute selected R&D-focused Quality Function Deployment exercises through an external/internal Technology

Transition Team to review candidate human-robotic exploration systems technologies, and provide detailed updates to
human-robotic technology road maps.

5HRT4 Test and validate preferred engineering modeling and simulation computational approaches through which viable

candidate architectures, systems designs and technologies may be identified and characterized. Select one or more
approaches for ongoing use in systems/technology road mapping and planning.

5LE1 Identify and define preferred human-robotic exploration systems concepts and architectural approaches for validation

through lunar missions.

5LE2 Identify candidate architectures and systems approaches that can be developed and demonstrated through lunar

missions to enable a safe, affordable and effective campaign of human-robotic Mars exploration.

5LE6 Identify preferred approaches for development and demonstration during lunar missions to enable transformational

space operations capabilities.

5LE7 Conduct reviews with international and U.S. government partners, to determine common capability requirements and

opportunities for collaboration.

Outcome 11.4: By 2015, identify and execute a research and development program to develop
technologies critical to support human-robotic lunar missions.

5HRT5 Identify and analyze viable candidates and identify the preferred approach to sustained, integrated human-robotic

solar system exploration involving lunar/planetary surfaces and small bodies, and supporting operations. Validate a
focused technology R&D portfolio that addresses the needs of these approaches and identifies existing gaps in
technological capabilities.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-7

5HRT6 Establish and obtain approval for detailed R&D requirements, roadmaps and program planning in key focused

technology development areas, including self-sufficient space systems; space utilities and power; habitation and
bioastronautics; space assembly, maintenance and servicing; space transportation; robotic networks; and information
technology and communications.

5LE3 Establish a baseline plan and Level 1 requirements to utilize the robotic lunar orbiter(s) and robotic lunar surface

mission(s) to collect key engineering data and validate environmental characteristics and effects that might affect later
robotics, astronauts and supporting systems.

5LE4 Identify candidate scientific research and discovery opportunities that could be pursued effectively during robotic lunar

missions.

5LE5 Establish a viable investment portfolio for development of human support systems, including human/machine

extravehicular activity (EVA) systems, locally autonomous medical systems and needed improvements in human
performance and productivity beyond low Earth orbit (LEO).

Outcome 11.5: By 2016, develop and demonstrate in-space nuclear fission-based power and propulsion
systems that can be integrated into future human and robotic exploration missions.

5HRT7 Develop Level 1/ Level 2 requirements for nuclear power and propulsion systems in support of selected human and

robotic exploration architectures and mission concepts.

5HRT8 Complete a validated road map for nuclear power and propulsion R&D, and related vehicle systems technology

maturation.

5HRT9 Formulate a demonstration mission plan for Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter that will test and validate nuclear power and

propulsion systems for future human-robotic exploration missions.

Outcome 11.6: Develop and deliver one new critical technology every two years in each of the following
disciplines: in-space computing, space communications and networking, sensor technology, modular
systems, robotics, power, and propulsion.

5HRT15 Complete an Advanced Space Technology Program technology roadmap that interfaces appropriately with the

technology planning of NASA's Mission Directorates.

5HRT16 Deliver at least one new critical technology in each key area (including: in-space computing, space communications

and networking, sensor technology, modular systems, and engineering risk analysis) to NASA's Mission Directorates,
for possible test and demonstration.

5HRT17 Prepare and announce the Centennial Challenge Cycle 2 major award purses, including competition rules,

regulations, and judgment criteria.

Outcome 11.7: Promote and develop innovative technology partnerships, involving each of NASA's major
R&D programs, among NASA, U.S. industry, and other sectors for the benefit of Mission Directorate
needs.

5HRT12 Establish three partnerships with U.S. industry and the investment community using the Enterprise Engine concept.

5HRT13 Develop 12 industry partnerships, including the three established using the Enterprise Engine, that will add value to

NASA Mission Directorates.

Outcome 11.8: Annually facilitate the award of venture capital funds or Phase III contracts to no less than
two percent of NASA-sponsored Small Business Innovation Research Phase II firms to further develop or
produce their technology for industry or government agencies.

5HRT14 Achieve through NASBO, the award of Phase III contracts or venture capital funds to no less than two SBIR firms to

further develop or produce their technology through industry or government agencies.

Outcome 11.10: By 2005, demonstrate two prototype systems that prove the feasibility of resilient systems
to mitigate risks in key NASA mission domains. Feasibility will be demonstrated by reconfigurability of
avionics, sensors, and system performance parameters.

5HRT10 Develop prototype design and organizational risk analysis tools to do risk identifications, assessments, mitigation

strategies, and key trade-off capabilities not only between risks, but between risks and other mission design criteria.

5HRT11 Develop a robust software tool for accident investigation that can help identify the causes of spacecraft, airplane,

and/or other mission hardware accidents.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-8

NASA Objective 12: Provide advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next
generation systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes, in our atmosphere and in
atmospheres of other worlds.

Outcome 12.1: By 2005, research, develop, and transfer technologies that would enable the reduction of
the aviation fatal accident rate by 50 percent from the FY 1991-1996 average.

5AT1 Evaluate and flight validate selected next generation cockpit weather information, communications, airborne weather

reporting, turbulence prediction and warning technologies, Synthetic Vision System and Runway Incursion Prevention
System display concepts. The flight demonstration will illustrate the increased safety of integrating selected concepts
in support of fleet implementation decisions. (AvSSP)

5AT2 Demonstrate through applications and simulations safety-improvement systems that will illustrate the increased safety

of integrating selected concepts in support of fleet implementation decisions. (AvSSP)

Outcome 12.2: Develop and validate technologies (by 2009) that would enable a 35 percent reduction in
the vulnerabilities of the National Airspace System (as compared to the 2003 air transportation system).

5AT3 Create and establish a prototype data collection system for confidential, non-punitive reporting on aviation security by

functional personnel in the aviation system.

5AT16 Develop a preliminary joint research plan with the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). (AvSSP)

Outcome 12.3: Develop and validate technologies that would enable a 10-decibel reduction in aviation
noise (from the level of 1997 subsonic aircraft) by 2009.

5AT4 Using laboratory data and systems analysis, complete selection of the technologies that show the highest potential for

reducing commercial air transportation noise by at least 50%. (Vehicle Systems)

Outcome 12.4: By 2010, flight demonstrate an aircraft that produces no CO

or NOx to reduce smog and

lower atmospheric ozone.

5AT5 Demonstrate 70% reduction NOx emissions in full-annular rig tests of candidate combustor configurations for large

subsonic vehicle applications. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT6 Based on laboratory data and systems analysis, select unconventional engine or power systems for technology

development that show highest potential for reducing CO2 emissions and/or enabling advanced air vehicles for new
scientific missions. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT7 Complete laboratory aerodynamic assessment of low-drag slotted wing concept. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT27 Demonstrate through sector testing a full scale CMC turbine vane that will reduce cooling flow requirements and thus

fuel burn in future turbine engine system designs. (Vehicle Systems)

Outcome 12.5: By 2005, develop, demonstrate, and transfer key enabling capabilities for a small aircraft
transportation system.

5AT10 Complete experimental validation of airborne systems with concept vehicle development.

Outcome 12.6: Develop and validate technologies (by 2009) that would enable a doubling of the capacity of
the National Airspace Systems (from the 1997 NASA utilization).

5AT8 Complete development of WakeVAS concept of operations and downselect WakeVAS architecture.

5AT9 Complete human-in-the-loop concept and technology evaluation of shared separation. (Airspace Systems)

5AT11 Complete analysis of capacity-increasing operational concepts and technology roadmaps with VAST models,

simulations, and Common Scenario Set. (Airspace Systems)

5AT12 Develop display guidelines that exploit new understanding of perceptual systems and cognitive and physiological

determinants of human performance. (Airspace Systems)

5AT13 Establish the fluid dynamics mechanism for alleviating wake through experimental and computational fluid mechanics

studies. (Airspace Systems)

5AT14 Complete System-Wide Evaluation and Planning Tool initial simulation and field demonstration. (Airspace Systems)

5AT15 Complete communications, navigation, and surveillance requirements analysis. (Airspace Systems)

5AT17 Complete NASA / Industry / DoD studies of heavy-lift Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) configurations to provide

strategic input for future decisions on commercial / military Runway Independent Vehicles. (Vehicle Systems)

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-9

5AT22 Using laboratory data and systems analysis, complete selection of the technologies that show the highest potential for

reducing takeoff/landing field length while maintaining cruise Mach, low speed controllability and low noise. (Vehicle
Systems)

Outcome 12.9: Develop technologies that would enable solar powered vehicles to serve as "sub-orbital
satellites" for science missions.

5AT20 Complete flight demonstration of a second generation damage adaptive flight control system. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT21 Define requirements for a robust, fault-tolerant avionics architecture that supports fully autonomous vehicle concepts.

(Vehicle Systems)

5AT24 Complete laboratory aerodynamic assessment of low-drag slotted wing concept. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT25 Based on laboratory data and systems analysis, select unconventional engine or power systems for technology

development that show highest potential for reducing CO2 emissions and/or enabling advanced air vehicles for new
scientific missions. (Vehicle Systems)

5AT26 Complete initial flight series for validation of improved HALE ROA aero-structural modeling tools used to reduce risk

and increase mission success. (Vehicle Systems)

Outcome 12.10: By 2008, develop and demonstrate technologies required for routine Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle operations in the National Airspace System above 18,000 feet for High-Altitude, Long-Endurance
(HALE) UAVs.

5AT23 Demonstrate integrated technologies and policies for UAV flight operations above FL400. (Vehicle Systems)

Outcome 12.11: Reduce the effects of sonic boom levels to permit overland supersonic flight in normal
operations.

5AT19 Complete supersonic inlet design requirements study that will identify technology gaps and priorities required for

design of future efficient long range supersonic propulsion systems. (Vehicle Systems)

NASA Objective 13: Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate the Nation’s
students and teachers, to engage and educate the public, and to advance the scientific and
technological capabilities of the nation.

Outcome 13.1: Make available NASA-unique strategies, tools, content, and resources supporting the K-12
education community's efforts to increase student interest and academic achievement in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.

5ED1 Increase NASA student participation by 5% above baseline.

5ED2 Increase NASA teacher participation by 5% above baseline.

5ED3 Increase existing NASA-sponsored family involvement activities and existing and potential partners by 5% over

baseline.

5ED4 25% of NASA elementary and secondary programs are aligned with state or local STEM educational objectives.

Outcome 13.2: Attract and prepare students for NASA-related careers, and enhance the research
competitiveness of the Nation's colleges and universities by providing opportunities for faculty and
university-based research.

5ED5 Establish a NASA-wide baseline of the diversity of NASA-supported students.

5ED6 Use existing higher education programs to assist and encourage first time faculty proposers for NASA research and

development opportunities.

5ED7 Establish a baseline of institutions receiving NASA research and development grants and contracts that link their

research and development to the institution's school of education.

5ED8 Establish a baseline of the number and diversity of students conducting NASA-relevant research.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-10

Outcome 13.3: Attract and prepare underrepresented and underserved students for NASA-related careers,
and enhance competitiveness of minority-serving institutions by providing opportunities for faculty and
university- and college-based research.

5ED9 Increase NASA underrepresented/underserved student participation by 5% over baseline.

5ED10 Increase NASA underrepresented/underserved teacher/faculty participation in NASA STEM-related learning

environments by 5% over baseline.

5ED11 Increase the numbers of underserved/underrepresented researchers and minority serving institutions competing for

NASA research announcements by 5% above baseline.

5ED12 Establish a baseline of family involvement in underrepresented/underserved NASA-sponsored student programs.

Outcome 13.4: Develop and deploy technology applications, products, services, and infrastructure that
would enhance the educational process for formal and informal education.

5ED13 Implement 1 new advanced technology application.

5ED14 Evaluate the 50 pilot NASA Explorer Schools, utilizing a design experiment approach.

5ED15 Develop a plan for establishing a technology infrastructure.

Outcome 13.5: Establish the forum for informal education community efforts to inspire the next generation
of explorers and make available NASA-unique strategies, tools, content, and resources to enhance their
capacity to engage in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education.

5ED16 Implement Phase 1 of a plan to increase appreciation of the relevance and role of NASA science and technology.

5ED17 Develop a plan to assess and prioritize high-leverage and critical informal education programs and educational

involvement activities.

5ED18 Develop a plan to assess current NASA professional development programs for relevance to the targeted informal

learning environments.

5AT18 Partner with museums and other cultural organizations and institutions to engage non-traditional audiences in NASA

missions.

5ESA11 Provide in public venues at least 50 stories on the scientific discoveries, the practical benefits, or new technologies

sponsored by the Earth Science programs.

5ESS10 Post the most exciting imagery and explanations about Earth science on the Earth observations/Science Mission

Directorate website.

5RPFS9 Expand outreach activities that reach minority and under-represented sectors of the public, through increased

participation in conferences and community events that reflect cultural awareness and outreach. Each fiscal year,
increase the previous year baseline by supporting at least one new venue that focuses on these public sectors.

NASA Objective 14: Advance scientific knowledge of the Earth system through space-based
observation, assimilation of new observations, and development and deployment of enabling
technologies, systems, and capabilities including those with the potential to improve future
operational systems.

Outcome 14.3: Develop and implement an information systems architecture that facilitates distribution and
use of Earth science data.

5ESA1 Crosscutting Solutions: Work within the Joint Agency Committee on Imagery Evaluation and the Commercial Remote

Sensing Policy Working Group through partnerships with NIMA, USGS, NOAA, and USDA to verify/validate at least
two commercial remote sensing sources/products for Earth science research, specifically with respect to land use/land
cover observations for carbon cycle and water cycle research.

5ESA2 National Apps: Benchmark measurable enhancements to at least 2 national decision support systems using NASA

results, specifically in the Disaster Management and Air Quality communities. These projects will benchmark the use
of observations from 5 sensors from NASA research satellites.

5ESA3 Crosscutting Solutions: Expand DEVELOP (Digital Earth Virtual Environment and Learning Outreach Project) human

capital development program to increase the capacity for the Earth science community at a level of 100 program
graduates per year and perform significant student-led activities using NASA research results for decision support with
representation in 30 states during the fiscal year.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-11

5ESA4 Crosscutting Solutions: Benchmark solutions from at least 5 projects that were selected in FY03 REASoN program to

serve national applications through projects that support decision support in areas such as agriculture, public health
and water quality. These projects will benchmark use of observations from at least 5 sensors from NASA research
satellites.

5ESA5 The DEVELOP (Digital Earth Virtual Environment and Learning Outreach Project) program will advance the capacity

of our future workforce with students from at least 20 states working to develop and deliver benchmark results of at
least 4 rapid prototype projects using NASA Earth science research results in decision support tools for state, local
and tribal government applications.

5ESA6 Crosscutting Solutions: Benchmark solutions associated with at least 5 decision support systems that assimilate

predictions from Earth system science models (e.g. GISS, GFDL, NCEP, SpoRT, and the Earth Science laboratories).

5ESA7 National applications: Benchmark enhancements to at least 2 national decision support systems using NASA results,

specifically in the Disaster Management, Public Health, and Air Quality communities. These projects will benchmark
the use of observations from 5 sensors from NASA research satellites.

5ESA8 Crosscutting Solutions: Verify and validate solutions for at least 5 decision support systems in areas of national priority

associated with the FY03 selected REASoN projects.

5ESA9 Benchmark the use of predictions from 2 NASA Earth system science models (including the GISS 1200 and NCEP

weather prediction) for use in national priorities, such as support for the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP)
and Climate Change Technology Program (CCTP) and the NOAA National Weather Service.

5ESA10 Benchmark the use of observations and predictions of Earth science research results in 2 scenarios assessment tools,

such as tools used by the Environmental Protection Agency (specifically in the Community Multi-scale and Air Quality
(CMAQ) Improvement Program tools) and the Department of Energy.

Outcome 14.4: Use space-based observations to improve understanding and prediction of Earth system
variability and change for climate, weather, and natural hazards.

5ESS1 Integrate satellite, suborbital, ground based observations, coupled with laboratory studies and model calculations to

assess potential for future ozone depletion in the Arctic. Characterize properties and distributions of clouds and
aerosols as they relate to the extinction of solar radiation in the atmosphere. Specific output: first release of validated
Aura data. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

5ESS2 Improve predictive capabilities of regional models using satellite-derived localized temperature and moisture profiles

and ensemble modeling. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

5ESS3 Reduce land cover errors in ecosystem and carbon cycle models, and quantify global terrestrial and marine primary

productivity and its interannual variability. Specific output: Produce a multi-year global inventory of fire occurrence
and extent. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

5ESS4 Reduce land cover errors in ecosystem and carbon cycle models, and quantify global terrestrial and marine primary

productivity and its interannual variability. Specific Output: Release first synthesis of results from research on the
effects of deforestation and agricultural land use in Amazonia. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated
by external review.

5ESS5 Reduce land cover errors in ecosystem and carbon cycle models, and quantify global terrestrial and marine primary

productivity and its interannual variability. Specific output: Improve knowledge of processes affecting carbon flux within
the coastal zone, as well as sources and sinks of aquatic carbon, to reduce uncertainty in North American carbon
models. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

5ESS6 Enhance land surface modeling efforts, which will lead to improved estimates of soil moisture and run-off. Specific

output: launch Cloudsat. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

5ESS7 Assimilate satellite/in situ observations into variety of ocean, atmosphere, and ice models for purposes of state

estimation; provide experimental predictions on variety of climatological timescales; determine plausibility of these
predictions using validation strategies. Specific output: documented assessment of relative impact of different climate
forcings on long-term climate change and climate sensitivities to those various forcings.

5ESS8 Assimilate satellite/in situ observations into variety of ocean, atmosphere, and ice models for purposes of state

estimation; provide experimental predictions on variety of climatological timescales; determine plausibility of these
predictions using validation strategies. Specific output: An assimilated product of ocean state on a quarter degree grid.

5ESS9 Advance understanding of surface change through improved geodetic reference frame, estimates of mass flux from

satellite observations of Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields, and airborne and spaceborne observations of
surface height and deformation. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-12

NASA Objective 15: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on
Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by
human explorers, and demonstrate technologies that can improve future operational systems.

Outcome 15.1: Develop the capability to predict solar activity and the evolution of solar disturbances as
they propagate in the heliosphere and affect Earth.

5SEC2 Successfully complete Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Critical Design Review (CDR).

5SEC3 Successfully complete THEMIS Critical Design Review (CDR).

5SEC6 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the capability to predict solar activity and the evolution of solar

disturbances as they propagate in the heliosphere and affect the Earth. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be
validated by external review.

Outcome 15.2: Specify and enable prediction of changes to the Earth's radiation environment, ionosphere,
and upper atmosphere.

5SEC4 Complete Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Selection for Geospace Missions far ultraviolet Imager.

5SEC7 Successfully demonstrate progress in specifying and enabling prediction of changes to the Earth's radiation

environment, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external
review.

Outcome 15.3: Understand the role of solar variability in driving space climate and global change in
Earth's atmosphere.

5SEC8 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the role of solar variability in driving space climate and global

change in the Earth's atmosphere. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 15.4: Understand the structure and dynamics of the Sun and solar wind and the origins of
magnetic variability.

5SEC1 Complete Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) instrument integration.

5SEC9 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the structure and dynamics of the Sun and solar wind and the

origins of magnetic variability. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 15.5: Determine the evolution of the heliosphere and its interaction with the galaxy.

5SEC10 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the evolution of the heliosphere and its interaction with the galaxy.

Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 15.6: Understand the response of magnetospheres and atmospheres to external and internal
drivers.

5SEC11 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the response of magnetospheres and atmospheres to external

and internal drivers. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 15.7: Discover how magnetic fields are created and evolve and how charged particles are
accelerated.

5SEC12

Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how magnetic fields are created and evolve and how charged
particles are accelerated. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

Outcome 15.8: Understand coupling across multiple scale lengths and its generality in plasma systems.

5SEC13 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding coupling across multiple scale lengths and its generality in

plasma systems. Progress towards achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-14

Efficiency Measures

Solar System Exploration

5SSE15 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5SSE16 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

5SSE17 At least 80%, by budget, of research projects will be peer-reviewed and competitively awarded.

5LE8 The Robotic Lunar Exploration Program will distribute at least 80% of its allocated procurement funding to

competitively awarded contracts.

The Universe

5ASO13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5ASO14 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

5ASO15 At least 80%, by budget, of research projects will be peer-reviewed and competitively awarded.

Earth-Sun System

5SEC14 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5SEC15 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

5SEC16 At least 80%, by budget, of research projects will be peer-reviewed and competitively awarded.

Constellation Systems

5TS6 Distribute at least 80% of allocated procurement funding to competitively awarded contracts, including continuing

and new contract activities.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

5HRT15 Distribute at least 80% of allocated procurement funding to competitively awarded contracts, including continuing

and new contract activities.

Human Systems Research and Technology

5BSR18 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5BSR19 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

5BSR20 At least 80%, by budget, of research projects will be peer-reviewed and competitively awarded.

Aeronautics Technology

5AT28 This Theme will complete 90% of the major milestones planned for FY 2005.

Education Programs

5ED19 At least 80%, by budget, of research projects will be peer-reviewed and competitively awarded.

International Space Station

5ISS8 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5ISS9 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

Space Shuttle

5SSP4 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5SSP5 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

Space and Flight Support

5SFS21 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

5SFS22 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

FY 2005 Performance Plan Update

MP 3-15

Deleted Annual Performance Goals in FY 2005

The following goals have been deleted due to termination of projects not required to support NASA’s new
exploration activities.

5RPFS1 Implement SPD realignment plan by establishing three partnerships between SPD and other divisions of OBPR.

5RPFS2 Involve RPC industrial partners in at least one new project that directly benefits NASA's mission.

5RPFS3 Based on present manifest, begin on-orbit containerless processing of new ceramic materials using Space-DRUMS

hardware installed on ISS.

5PSR1 Develop a multi-agency collaboration for research at the interface between the physical and life sciences, and enhance

collaborative efforts with other agencies and the private sector on biotechnology, materials research, and optical diagnostics
for health research.

5PSR2 Continue a productive ground and flight-based research program in Combustion, Fluid Physics, Biotechnology, and

Materials science, and carry out the milestones for all ISS research projects.

5PSR3 Publish the results of STS-107 investigations based on available data in microgravity combustion research, and maintain a

productive ground and flight-based program in fundamental and strategic combustion and reactive flows research.

5RPFS7 Develop a prototype system based on one new enabling technology to improve the safety of space transportation systems.

5BSR1 Solicit ground-based research on three widely studied model organisms.

5BSR2 Implement a tactical plan for plant research and solicit studies appropriate to that plan on at least two model plant species.

5BSR3 Solicit ground-based research on responses of cells and pathogens to space environments.

5BSR4 Initiate intra- and interagency programs to study microbial ecology and evolution.

5BSR5 Develop selected flight research experiments on two model organisms in coordination with research teams for identified

flight opportunities.

5BSR6 Align reprioritized fundamental biology flight experiments with available hardware and hardware development.

5PSR4 Continue flight and ground-based research in colloidal physics and soft-condensed matter, and accomplish the project

milestones for the ISS research program in fluid physics.

5PSR5 Continue the development of the ISS fundamental physics facility for low temperature and condensed matter physics, and

maintain a productive ground-based research program in condensed matter physics.

5PSR6 Continue the development of the ISS laser cooling and atomic facility by accomplishing the project milestones, and maintain

an innovative and outstanding ground research program in atomic and gravitational physics.

5PSR7 Continue the development of the ISS Biotechnology Facility and maintain a productive and innovative ground and space

research program in cellular biotechnology and tissue engineering.

5RPFS8 Through collaboration with PAO, establish and sustain a series of media briefings highlighting OBPR research.

5BSR15 Maintain a completed, productive, peer-reviewed ground-based research program in appropriate fundamental biology

disciplines to lay the groundwork for advanced understanding of the role of gravity in biological processes associated with
the human health risk of space flight.

5BSR16 Initiate a nanosatellite program for in-situ analytical technology for producing the fundamental biological understanding

necessary for countermeasure development.

5PSR8 Continue Strategic ground-based research in microgravity heat-exchange multi-phase systems and advance existing flight

projects toward flight.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-1

With the release of the FY 2006 Budget request, NASA has identified 18 new Strategic Objectives that define
what the Agency has been asked to accomplish in support of

The Vision for Space Exploration

. This table

provides a summary of all of the commitments identified by each of the 12 Themes in the preceding sections.

NASA Objective 1: Undertake robotic and human lunar exploration to further science and to
develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems to enable and support sustained
human and robotic exploration of Mars and more distant destinations. The first robotic mission
will be no later than 2008.

Outcome 1.1: By 2008, conduct the first robotic lunar testbed mission.

6SSE1 Complete Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

NASA Objective 2: Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to
understand the history of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration.

Outcome 2.1: Characterize the present climate of Mars and determine how it has evolved over time.

6SSE15 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the present climate of Mars and determining how it has evolved

over time. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 2.2: Understand the history and behavior of water and other volatiles on Mars.

6SSE16 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the history and behavior of water and other volatiles on Mars.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 2.3: Understand the chemistry, mineralogy, and chronology of Martian materials.

6SSE17 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the chemistry, mineralogy, and chronology of Martian materials.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6SSE23 Complete successful Martian orbit insertion for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

Outcome 2.4: Determine the characteristics and dynamics of the interior of Mars.

6SSE18 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the characteristics and dynamics of the interior of Mars. Progress

toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 2.5: Understand the character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on Mars.

6SSE19 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the character and extent of prebiotic chemistry on Mars.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6SSE24 Complete 2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Outcome 2.6: Search for chemical and biological signatures of past and present life on Mars.

6SSE20 Successfully demonstrate progress in searching for chemical and biological signatures of past and present life on

Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6SSE25 Complete Mars Science Laboratory Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

Outcome 2.7: Identify and understand the hazards that the Martian environment will present to human
explorers.

6SSE21 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying and understanding the hazards that the Martian environment will

present to human explorers. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 2.8: Inventory and characterize Martian resources of potential benefit to human exploration of
Mars.

6SSE22 Successfully demonstrate progress in inventorying and characterizing Martian resources of potential benefit to human

exploration on Mars. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.1: Understand the initial stages of planet and satellite formation.

6SSE7 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the initial stages of planet and satellite formation. Progress

toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-2

6SSE26 Successfully return Stardust science samples to Earth.

Outcome 3.2: Understand the processes that determine the characteristics of bodies in our solar system
and how these processes operate and interact.

6SSE8 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the processes that determine the characteristics of bodies in our

solar system and how these processes operate and interact. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by
external expert review.

Outcome 3.3: Understand why the terrestrial planets are so different from one another.

6SSE9 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding why the terrestrial planets are so different from one another.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6SSE27 Successfully launch Dawn spacecraft.

6SSE28 Successfully complete MESSENGER flyby of Venus.

Outcome 3.4: Learn what our solar system can tell us about extra-solar planetary systems.

6SSE10 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning what our solar system can tell us about extra-solar planetary systems.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.5: Determine the nature, history, and distribution of volatile and organic compounds in the
solar system.

6SSE11 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the nature, history, and distribution of volatile and organic

compounds in the solar system. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.6: Identify the habitable zones in the solar system.

6SSE12 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the habitable zones in the solar system. Progress toward achieving

outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.7: Identify the sources of simple chemicals that contribute to pre-biotic evolution and the
emergence of life.

6SSE13 Successfully demonstrate progress in identifying the sources of simple chemicals that contribute to pre-biotic evolution

and the emergence of life. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.8: Study Earth's geologic and biologic records to determine the historical relationship between
Earth and its biosphere.

6SSE14 Successfully demonstrate progress in studying Earth's geologic and biologic records to determine the historical

relationship between Earth and its biosphere. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

Outcome 3.9: By 2008, inventory at least 90 percent of asteroids and comets larger than one kilometer in
diameter that could come near Earth.

6SSE5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the inventory and dynamics of bodies that may pose an impact

hazard to Earth. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 3.10: Determine the physical characteristics of comets and asteroids relevant to any threat they
may pose to Earth.

6SSE6 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the physical characteristics of comets and asteroids relevant to any

threat they may pose to Earth. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

NASA Objective 4: Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable
environments around the stars.

Outcome 4.1: Learn how the cosmic web of matter organized into the first stars and galaxies and how
these evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today.

6UNIV17 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how the cosmic web of matter organized into the first stars and

galaxies and how these evolved into the stars and galaxies we see today. Progress toward achieving outcomes will
be validated by external expert review.

6UNIV20 Complete James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mission Preliminary Design Review (PDR).

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-3

Outcome 4.2: Understand how different galactic ecosystems of stars and gas formed and which ones
might support the existence of planets and life.

6UNIV1 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding how different galactic ecosystems of stars and gas formed and

which ones might support the existence of planets and life. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by
external expert review.

Outcome 4.3: Learn how gas and dust become stars and planets.

6UNIV2 Successfully demonstrate progress in learning how gas and dust become stars and planets. Progress toward

achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6UNIV18 Complete Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Airworthiness Flight Testing.

Outcome 4.4: Observe planetary systems around other stars and compare their architectures and
evolution with our own.

6UNIV3 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing planetary systems around other stars and comparing their

architectures and evolution with our own. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

Outcome 4.5: Characterize the giant planets orbiting other stars.

6UNIV4 Successfully demonstrate progress in characterizing the giant planets orbiting other stars. Progress toward achieving

outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 4.6: Find out how common Earth-like planets are and see if any might be habitable.

6UNIV5 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how common Earth-like planets are and whether any might be

habitable. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6UNIV21 Begin Kepler Spacecraft Integration and Test (I&T).

Outcome 4.7: Trace the chemical pathways by which simple molecules and dust evolve into the organic
molecules important for life.

6UNIV6 Successfully demonstrate progress in tracing the chemical pathways by which simple molecules and dust evolve into

the organic molecules important for life. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert
review.

Outcome 4.8: Develop the tools and techniques to search for life on planets beyond our solar system.

6UNIV7 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the tools and techniques to search for life on planets beyond our

solar system. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

NASA Objective 5: Explore the universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and
destiny.

Outcome 5.1: Search for gravitational waves from the earliest moments of the Big Bang.

6UNIV8 Successfully demonstrate progress in searching for gravitational waves from the earliest moments of the Big Bang.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.2: Determine the size, shape, and matter-energy content of the universe.

6UNIV9 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the size, shape, and matter-energy content of the Universe.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.3: Measure the cosmic evolution of dark energy.

6UNIV10 Successfully demonstrate progress in measuring the cosmic evolution of dark energy. Progress toward achieving

outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.4: Determine how black holes are formed, where they are, and how they evolve.

6UNIV11 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how black holes are formed, where they are, and how they evolve.

Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.5: Test Einstein's theory of gravity and map space-time near event horizons of black holes.

6UNIV12 Successfully demonstrate progress in testing Einstein's theory of gravity and mapping space-time near event horizons

of black holes. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.6: Observe stars and other material plunging into black holes.

6UNIV13 Successfully demonstrate progress in observing stars and other material plunging into black holes. Progress toward

achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-4

Outcome 5.7: Determine how, where, and when the chemical elements were made, and trace the flows of
energy and magnetic fields that exchange them between stars, dust, and gas.

6UNIV14 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining how, where, and when the chemical elements were made, and in

tracing the flows of energy and magnetic fields that exchange them between stars, dust, and gas. Progress toward
achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 5.8: Explore the behavior of matter in extreme astrophysical environments, including disks,
cosmic jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays.

6UNIV15 Successfully demonstrate progress in exploring the behavior of matter in extreme astrophysical environments,

including disks, cosmic jets, and the sources of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays. Progress toward achieving
outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6UNIV19 Complete Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Spacecraft Integration and Test (I&T).

Outcome 5.9: Discover how the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and gravity shapes galaxies and
systems of galaxies.

6UNIV16 Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and gravity shapes

galaxies and systems of galaxies. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 6.1: Assure public, flight crew, and workforce safety for all Space Shuttle operations, and safely
meet the manifest and flight rate commitment through completion of Space Station assembly.

6SSP1 Achieve zero Type A (damage to property at least $1M or death) or Type B (damage to property at least $250K or

permanent hospitalization of three or more persons) mishaps in 2006.

Outcome 6.2: Provide safe, well-managed and 95 percent reliable space communications, rocket
propulsion testing, and launch services to meet Agency requirements.

6SFS1 Establish the Agency-wide baseline space communications architecture, including a framework for possible deep

space and near Earth laser communications services.

6SFS2 Maintain NASA success rate at or above a running average of 95 percent for missions on the FY 2005 Expendable

Launch Vehicle (ELV) manifest.

6SFS3 Achieve at least 95 percent of planned data delivery for the International Space Station, each Space Shuttle mission,

and low Earth orbiting missions for FY 2005.

6SFS4 Define and provide space transportation requirements for future human and robotic exploration and development of

space to all NASA and other government agency programs pursuing improvements in space transportation.

6CS1 Conduct the Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) Systems Requirements Review to define detailed interface requirements

for the Crew Exploration Vehicle, the Crew Launch Vehicle, and supporting ground and in-space systems.

6CS2 Competitively award contract(s) for Phase A and Phase B design and flight demonstration of the Crew Exploration

Vehicle.

6CS3 Develop detailed Crew Launch Vehicle design and operational modifications to support human rating and exploration

mission architecture requirements.

6CS4 Develop a plan for systems engineering and integration of the exploration System of Systems; clearly defining

systems and organizational interfaces, management processes, and implementation plans.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-5

Outcome 8.1: By 2010 complete assembly of the ISS, including U.S. components that support U.S. space
exploration goals and those provided by foreign partners.

6ISS1 Reach agreement among the International Partners on the final ISS configuration.

Outcome 8.2: Annually provide 90 percent of the optimal on-orbit resources available to support research,
including power, data, crew time, logistics, and accommodations.

6ISS3 Provide 80 percent of FY 2006 planned on-orbit resources and accommodations to support research, including power,

data, crew time, logistics and accommodations.

6ISS4 For FY 2006 ensure 90 percent functional availability for all ISS subsystems that support on-orbit research operations.

Outcome 8.3: Reduce crew downtime due to health-related reasons during space flight missions.

6SFS5 Achieve a 5 percent reduction in downtime.

Outcome 8.5: By 2008, develop and test the following candidate countermeasures to ensure the health of
humans traveling in space: bisphosphonates, potassium citrate, and mitodrine.

6SFS6 Certify medical fitness of all crew members before launch.

6HSRT9 Complete renal stone countermeasure development.

6HSRT10 Start testing of bone and cardiovascular countermeasures in space.

Outcome 8.6: By 2008, reduce the uncertainties in estimating radiation risks by one-half.

6HSRT11 Deliver report from National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements on lunar radiation protection

requirements.

Outcome 8.7: By 2010, identify and test technologies to reduce total mass requirements for life support by
two thirds using current ISS mass requirement baseline.

6HSRT13 Start validation testing of a spacecraft water purification system called the Vapor Phase Catalytic Ammonia Removal

Unit.

6HSRT14 Define requirements for the Condensing Heat Exchanger Flight experiment focused on improving space condenser

reliability.

6HSRT15 Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Fluids Integrated Rack.

6HSRT16 Complete and deliver for launch experiments to explore new lightweight heat rejection technologies.

6HSRT17 Start technology testing and assessment of the Solid Waste Compaction processor.

6HSRT18 Conduct next generation lithium hydroxide (LiOH) packaging tests to improve carbon dioxide removal efficiency.

6HSRT19 Conduct ground testing of the Sabatier unit to demonstrate reliability in recovering oxygen and water from carbon

dioxide.

Outcome 8.8: By 2008, develop a predictive model and prototype systems to double improvements in
radiation shielding efficiency.

6HSRT20 Complete physics database for shielding in region above 2 GeV per nucleon.

NASA Objective 9: Conduct the first extended human expedition to the lunar surface as early as
2015, but no later than 2020.

NASA Objective 10: Conduct human expeditions to Mars after acquiring adequate knowledge
about the planet using robotic missions and after successfully demonstrating sustained human
exploration missions to the Moon.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-6

Outcome 11.1: By 2010, develop new, reliable spacecraft technologies to detect fire and monitor air and
water for contamination.

6HSRT3 Demonstrate the ability of the advanced spacecraft air monitoring system to detect 90 percent of the high-priority air

contaminants in ground testing.

6HSRT4 Demonstrate the ability of the hand-held water monitoring system to detect spacecraft water biocides and high-priority

metal contaminants in ground testing.

6HSRT5 Support development of a new generation of reliable spacecraft smoke detectors by finishing measurements of ISS

background particulates using the DAFT experiment and delivering for launch the Smoke and Aerosol Measurement
Experiment (SAME).

Outcome 11.2: By 2010, develop methods to quantify material flammability and fire signatures in reduced
gravity.

6HSRT6 Complete and deliver for launch the ISS Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR).

6HSRT7 Complete and deliver for launch the Droplet Flame Extinguishment in Microgravity Experiment aimed at quantifying

fire suppressant effectiveness.

6HSRT8 Develop a revised space materials flammability characterization test method and update NASA-STD-6001

accordingly.

Outcome 11.3: By 2015, identify, develop, and validate human-robotic capabilities required to support
human-robotic lunar missions.

6ESRT5 Validate the ESMD research and technology development needs and opportunities by implementing a Quality

Function Deployment process, and use the results to guide ESR&T program investment decisions.

6ESRT6 Develop and analyze affordable architectures for human and robotic exploration system and mission options using

innovative approaches such as modular systems, in-space assembly, pre-positioning of logistics, and utilization of in-
situ resources.

Outcome 11.4: By 2015, identify and execute a research and development program to develop
technologies critical to support human-robotic lunar missions.

6ESRT4 Design and test technologies for in situ resource utilization that can enable more affordable and reliable space

exploration by reducing required launch mass from Earth, and by reducing risks associated with logistics chains that
supply consumables and other materials. Technology development includes excavation systems, volatile material
extraction systems, and subsystems supporting lunar oxygen and propellant production plants.

6ESRT7 Identify and define technology flight experiment opportunities to validate the performance of critical technologies for

exploration missions.

Outcome 11.5: By 2016, develop and demonstrate in-space nuclear fission-based power and propulsion
systems that can be integrated into future human and robotic exploration missions.

6PROM1 Following completion of the Prometheus Analysis of Alternatives, complete space nuclear reactor conceptual design.

6PROM2 Verify and validate the minimum functionality of initial nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) spacecraft capability.

6PROM3 Complete component level tests and assessments of advanced power conversion systems.

6ESRT1 Identify and test technologies to enable affordable pre-positioning of logistics for human exploration missions.

Technology development includes high power electric thrusters and high efficiency solar arrays for solar electric
transfer vehicles, and lightweight composite cryotanks and zero boil-off thermal management for in-space propellant
depots.

6ESRT2 Identify and test technologies to enable in-space assembly, maintenance, and servicing. Technology development

includes modular truss structures, docking mechanisms, micro-spacecraft inspector, intelligent robotic manipulators,
and advanced software approaches for telerobotic operations.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-7

6ESRT3 Identify and test technologies to reduce mission risk for critical vehicle systems, supporting infrastructure, and mission

operations. Technology development includes reconfigurable and radiation tolerant computers, robust electronics for
extreme environments, reliable software, and intelligent systems health management.

6ESRT8 Identify and test technologies to reduce the costs of mission operations. Technology development includes

autonomous and intelligent systems, human-automation interaction, multi-agent teaming, and space communications
and networking.

6ESRT9 Complete 50 technology transfer agreements with the U.S. private sector for transfer of NASA technologies, hardware

licenses, software usage agreements, facility usage agreements or Space Act Agreements.

6ESRT10 Develop 40 industry partnerships that will add value to NASA missions.

6ESRT11 Establish at least twelve new partnerships with major ESMD R&D programs or other NASA organizations.

6ESRT12 Award Phase III contracts or venture capital funds to 4 SBIR firms to further develop or produce technology for U.S.

industry or government agencies.

Outcome 11.9: By 2010, develop and test Extravehicular Activity (EVA) space and surface suit
technologies for use on crewed exploration missions.

6HSRT1 Complete the technology trade studies for both the in-space and surface EVA suits.

6HSRT2 Complete the system requirements review for both the in-space and surface exploration EVA suits.

6AT1 Security system concepts defined that provide reduced vulnerability from intentional attacks, including protected asset

flight system concept of operation, evaluation of information distribution vulnerabilities, evaluation of strategy for
aircraft damage emulation, definition of fuel flammability needs, identification of key environmental background for on-
board sensing, and requirements for processing of large security related databases. (AvSSP)

6AT2 Complete the assessment of the Security Program technology portfolio with regard to risks, costs, and benefits and

project the impact of the technologies on reducing the vulnerability of the air transportation system. (AvSSP)

Outcome 12.3: Develop and validate technologies that would enable a 10-decibel reduction in aviation
noise (from the level of 1997 subsonic aircraft) by 2009.

6AT8 Downselect components for noise reduction that will be validated in a relevant environment to verify their potential to

achieve 4 dB noise reduction. (VSP)

Outcome 12.4: By 2010, flight demonstrate an aircraft that produces no CO

or NOx to reduce smog and

lower atmospheric ozone.

6AT11 Complete trade study of unconventional propulsion concepts for a zero-emissions vehicle. (VSP)

Outcome 12.6: Develop and validate technologies (by 2009) that would enable a doubling of the capacity of
the National Airspace Systems (from the 1997 NASA utilization).

6AT5 Conduct successful operational demonstration of multifacility time-based metering in complex airspace. (ASP)

6AT6 Complete development of system-wide evaluation and planning tool. (ASP)

6AT7 Successfully complete the SATS integrated technology demonstration and final assessment. (ASP)

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-8

Outcome 12.7: Develop and validate technologies (by 2010) that would enable a 70 percent reduction in
the aircraft fatal accident rate (from the average of accident statistics for U.S. Civil Aviation for the period
1991 - 1996).

6AT3 Evaluate and prioritize NASA's aviation safety technology portfolio to determine the impact on the National Airspace

System. (AvSSP)

6AT4 In partnership with the FAA, the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST), and the aviation community, provide an

initial demonstration of a voluntary aviation safety information sharing process. (AvSSP)

Outcome 12.8: Develop and validate technologies that would increase the capabilities of uninhabited aerial
vehicles in terms of duration, altitude, autonomy, and payload.

6AT10 Demonstrate a HALE ROA reconfigurable flight control architecture. (VSP)

6AT9 Propose policy changes to the FAA that would permit routine operation of HALE ROA above 40,000 feet. (VSP)

6ED1 Conduct 12 Educator Astronaut workshops, involving approximately 240 educators. (Elementary/2nd-Ed)

6ED2 Select approximately 150 student experiments, involving approximately 1,500 students, to participate in the Flight

Projects program. (Elementary/2nd-Ed)

6ED3 Award approximately 1,500 competitive scholarships, fellowships, and research opportunities for higher education

students and faculty in STEM disciplines. (Higher-Ed)

6ED4 Complete a retrospective longitudinal study of student participants to determine the degree to which participants

entered the NASA workforce or other NASA-related career fields. (Higher-Ed)

6ED5 Collect, analyze, and report longitudinal data on student participants to determine the degree to which participants

enter the NASA workforce or other NASA-related career fields. (Higher-Ed)

6ED6 Award approximately 1,100 competitive scholarships, internships, fellowships, and research opportunities for

underrepresented and underserved students, teachers and faculty in STEM disciplines. (MUREP)

6ED7 Provide approximately 350 grants to enhance the capability of approximately 100 underrepresented and underserved

colleges and universities to compete for and conduct basic or applied NASA-related research. (MUREP)

6ED8 Select and support 50 additional schools to participate in the NASA Explorer Schools program, maintaining the total

number at 150. (MUREP)

Outcome 13.4: Develop and deploy technology applications, products, services, and infrastructure that
would enhance the educational process for formal and informal education.

6ED9 Digitize and meta-tag up to 10 percent of NASA's approved learning materials to be delivered using technology-

enabled learning systems. (e-Ed)

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-9

6ED10 Award competitive grants to NASA Centers and informal education partners to conduct up to 15 Explorer Institute

workshops. (Informal-Ed)

Outcome 14.1: Transfer 30 percent of NASA developed research results and observations to operational
agencies.

6ESS1 For current observations, reduce the cost of acquiring and distributing the data stream to facilitate adoption by the

operational community.

6ESS20 Systematically continue to transfer research results from spacecraft, instruments, data protocols, and models to NOAA

and other operational agencies as appropriate.

Outcome 14.2: Develop and deploy advanced observing capabilities to help resolve key Earth system
science questions.

6ESS3 Keep 90 percent of the total on-orbit instrument complement functional throughout the year.

6ESS4 Mature two to three technologies to the point they can be demonstrated in space or in an operational environment and

annually advance 25 percent of funded technology developments one Technology Readiness level (TRL).

6ESS22 Complete Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Confirmation Review.

6ESS23 Complete Operational Readiness Review for the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP).

Outcome 14.3: Develop and implement an information systems architecture that facilitates distribution and
use of Earth science data.

6ESS5 Increase the number of distinct users of NASA data and services.

6ESS6 Improve level of customer satisfaction as measured by a baselined index obtained through the use of annual surveys.

Outcome 14.4: Use space-based observations to improve understanding and prediction of Earth system
variability and change for climate, weather, and natural hazards.

6ESS7 Demonstrate progress that NASA-developed data sets, technologies and models enhance understanding of the Earth

system leading to improved predictive capability in each of the six science focus area roadmaps. Progress toward
achieving outcomes will be validated by external review.

6ESS21 Benchmark the assimilation of observations and products in decision support systems serving applications of national

priority. Progress will be evaluated by the Committee on Environmental and National Resources.

Outcome 15.1: Develop the capability to predict solar activity and the evolution of solar disturbances as
they propagate in the heliosphere and affect Earth.

6ESS8 Successfully demonstrate progress in developing the capability to predict solar activity and the evolution of solar

disturbances as they propagate in the heliosphere and affect the Earth. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be
validated by external expert review.

6ESS16 Successfully launch the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO).

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-10

Outcome 15.2: Specify and enable prediction of changes to the Earth's radiation environment, ionosphere,
and upper atmosphere.

6ESS9 Successfully demonstrate progress in specifying and enabling prediction of changes to the Earth's radiation

environment, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external
expert review.

Outcome 15.3: Understand the role of solar variability in driving space climate and global change in
Earth's atmosphere.

6ESS10 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the role of solar variability in driving space climate and global

change in the Earth's atmosphere. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6ESS17 Complete the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft structure and begin Integration and Test (I&T).

Outcome 15.4: Understand the structure and dynamics of the Sun and solar wind and the origins of
magnetic variability.

6ESS11 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the structure and dynamics of the Sun and solar wind and the

origins of solar variability. Progress toward achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6ESS19 Publish Solar Sentinels Science Definition Team Report.

Outcome 15.5: Determine the evolution of the heliosphere and its interaction with the galaxy.

6ESS12 Successfully demonstrate progress in determining the evolution of the heliosphere and its interaction with the galaxy.

Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 15.6: Understand the response of magnetospheres and atmospheres to external and internal
drivers.

6ESS13 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding the response of magnetospheres and atmospheres to external

and internal drivers. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

6ESS18 Initiate Geospace ITM (Ionospheric and Thermospheric Mapper) Phase A studies.

Outcome 15.7: Discover how magnetic fields are created and evolve and how charged particles are
accelerated.

6ESS14 Successfully demonstrate progress in discovering how magnetic fields are created and evolve and how charged

particles are accelerated. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

Outcome 15.8: Understand coupling across multiple scale lengths and its generality in plasma systems.

6ESS15 Successfully demonstrate progress in understanding coupling across multiple scale lengths and its generality in

plasma systems. Progress in achieving outcomes will be validated by external expert review.

NASA Objective 16: Pursue opportunities for international participation to support U.S. space
exploration goals.

NASA Objective 17: Pursue commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other
services supporting International Space Station and exploration missions beyond Earth orbit.
Separate to the maximum extent practical crew from cargo.

Outcome 17.1: By 2010, provide 80 percent of optimal ISS up-mass, down-mass, and crew availability
using non-Shuttle crew and cargo services.

6ISS2 Down select transportation service providers from FY 2005 ISS Cargo Acquisition RFP.

NASA Objective 18: Use U.S. commercial space capabilities and services to fulfill NASA
requirements to the maximum extent practical and continue to involve, or increase the
involvement of, the U.S. private sector in design and development of space systems.

FY 2006 Performance Plan

4-11

Efficiency Measures

Solar System Exploration

6SSE29 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6SSE30 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6SSE31 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6SSE32 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to selection, by 5% per

year, with a goal of 130 days.

The Universe

6UNIV22 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6UNIV23 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6UNIV24 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6UNIV25 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to selection, by 5%

per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Earth-Sun System

6ESS24 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6ESS25 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6ESS26 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6ESS27 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to selection, by 5%

per year, with a goal of 130 days.

Constellation Systems

6CS5 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6CS6 Increase annually the percentage of ESR&T and HSR&T technologies transitioned to Constellation Systems

programs.

Exploration Systems Research and Technology

6ESRT13 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6ESRT14 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6ESRT15 Reduce annually, the time to award competed projects, from proposal receipt to selection.

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

6PROM4 Complete all development projects within 110% of the cost and schedule baseline.

6PROM5 Reduce annually, the time to award competed projects, from proposal receipt to selection.

Human Systems Research and Technology

6HSRT21 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6HSRT22 Increase annually, the percentage of grants awarded on a competitive basis.

6HSRT23 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

6HSRT24 Reduce time within which 80% of NRA research grants are awarded, from proposal due date to selection, by 5% per

year, with a goal of 130 days.

Aeronautics Technology

6AT12 Deliver at least 90% of scheduled operating hours for all operations and research facilities.

6AT13 Increase the annual percentage of research funding subject to external peer review prior to award.

Education Programs

6ED11 Collect, analyze, and report the percentage of grantees that annually report on their accomplishments.

6ED12 Peer review and competitively award at least 80%, by budget, of research projects.

Reference:

Document Format for FY 2006

REF

1-1

Mission Directorate

Theme

Program

Project

Document Format

Since the FY 2004 President’s Budget submission, NASA has structured its budget by the major
Themes, or portfolios, of the Agency. The format is designed to be easy to navigate and to present
the costs and benefits of budget items consistently and clearly. The format also integrates the
budget request and annual performance plan into one document. The FY 2006 President’s Budget
submission continues NASA’s efforts to make the document increasingly clear and comprehensive.

Budget Levels

There are four budget levels. At the first level are the Mission Directorates, NASA’s primary areas of
activity. At the second are Themes, programmatic subdivisions of Mission Directorates that function
as program “investment portfolios.” At the third level, individual programs within the Themes are
discussed. Projects are the fourth level. At each of the four budget levels, the document presents
consistent types of information to allow comparison across the budget at that budget level and to
facilitate document navigation.

Mission Directorates

Mission Directorate sections provide a summary of each Directorate’s purpose, recent and planned
accomplishments, and overviews of each of its Themes.

Themes

To facilitate evaluation of the Theme as an investment, this
section presents the “business case” for each Theme by
displaying the budget request and discussing it in terms of the
President’s Research and Development Investment Criteria for
relevance, quality, and performance. Theme sections include data
on the programs that comprise the Theme. Also included are the
Theme’s performance commitments—the outcomes and annual
performance goals that the Theme will accomplish—and
information on independent reviews.

Programs

Program descriptions include their plans for FY 2006, schedules
of significant projects, major risks, formulation and development
schedules, and key participants.

Projects

Additional information for major projects (in formulation or development phases) is provided in the
Supplementary Information volume. This information is intended to augment the budget request with
additional information including schedule milestones, major acquisitions, risks, and development life-
cycle costs.

Acronyms

REF 2-1

Associate Administrator

AAA

Algorithms, Architectures, and Applications

AAH

Advanced Animal Habitat

AATT

Advanced Air Transportation Technologies

AC Advanced

Concepts

ACE

Advanced Composition Explorer

ACRT

Accelerated Crucible Rotation Techinque

ACS

Advanced Camera for Surveys (Hubble
Space Telescope instrument)

AEDC

Arnold Engineering Development Center

AESP

Aerospace Education Services Program

AFRL

Air Force Research Laboratory

AHMS

Advanced Health Management System

AHST

Advanced Human Support Technology

AIA

Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (Solar
Dynamic Observatory instrument)

AIM

Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere

AIRS

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

AIST

Advanced Information Systems Technology

AMMOS

Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System

AMR

Advanced Microwave Radiometer (Ocean
Surface Topography Mission instrument)

Announcement of Opportunity

AOA

Analysis of Alternatives

AOS

Airspace Operations Systems

APG

Annual Performance Goal

APL

Applied Physics Laboratory (Johns Hopkins
University)

APS

Advanced Polarimeter Sensor (Glory
instrument)

APT

Advanced Platform Technology

AR&D

Automated Rendezvous and Docking

ARC

Ames Research Center

ARMD

Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate

ARTCC

Air Route Traffic Control Center

Airspace Systems

ASEB

Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

ASI

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space
Agency)

ASO

Astronomical Search for Origins (former
NASA Theme)

ASP

Airspace Systems Program

AST

Advanced Space Transportation (Program)

ASVM

Aircraft and Systems Vulnerability
Mitigation

Aeronautics Technology (Theme)

ATAC

Air Transport Association of Canada

ATC

Air Traffic Control

ATCSCC

Air Traffic Control System Command
Center

ATLO

Assembly, Test, Launch Operations

ATM

Air Traffic Management

ATMS

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(NPOESS Preparatory Project instrument)

ATS

Air Transportation System

AVC

Advanced Vehicle Concepts

AvSSP

Aviation Safety and Security Program

AWIPS

Advanced Weather Interactive Processing
System

BAA

Broad Agency Announcement

BE Beyond

Einstein

(Program)

BNL

Brookhaven National Laboratory

BOA

Basic Ordering Agreement

BPRAC

Biological and Physical Science Research
Advisory Committee

BPRE

Biological and Physical Research
Enterprise (former NASA Enterprise)

BPS

Biomass Production System

Bioastronautics Research

BR&C

Biomedical Research and
Countermeasures

BRP

Biological Research Project

BSM

Booster Separation Motors

BVT

Breakthrough Vehicle Technologies

CAASD

Center for Advanced Aviation System
Development

CADRE

Crop Assessment Data Retrieval and
Evaluation

CAIB

Columbia Accident Investigation Board

CALIPSO

Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observations

CAM

Centrifuge Accommodations Module

CAN

Cooperative Agreement Notice

CARA

California Association for Research in
Astronomy

CARD

Cost Analysis Requirements Document

CAS

Commercial Advisory Subcommittee

CASA

Carnegie, Ames, Stanford Approach

CAST

Commercial Aviation Safety Team

CCAD

Center for Computer-aided Design

CCSP

Climate Change Science Program

Acronyms

REF 2-2

CCU

Cell Culture Unit

CDC

Centers for Disease Control

CDE

Cosmic Dust Experiment (Aeronomy of Ice
in the Mesosphere instrument)

CDR

Critical Design Review

CE&R

Concept Exploration and Refinement

CENR

Committee on Environment and Natural
Resources Research

CEOS

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

CEV

Crew Exploration Vehicle

CFO

Chief Financial Officer

CHIPS

Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma
Spectrometer

CHS

Crew Health and Safety

CINDI

Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation

CIPA

Curriculum Improvement Partnership
Awards

CIPS

Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (Aeronomy
of Ice in the Mesosphere instrument)

CIR

Combustion Integrated Rack

CIRA

Cooperative Institute for Research in the
Atmosphere

CLV

Crew Launch Vehicle

CMAQ

Community Multiscale and Air Quality

CMB

Cosmic Microwave Background

CME

Coronal Mass Ejection

CNES

Centre Nationale D’Etudes Spatiale (French
Space Agency)

CNS

Communication, Navigation, and
Surveillance

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

CoF

Construction of Facilities

COMPLEX

Committee on Planetary and Lunar
Exploration

CONAE

Argentina’s National Committee of Space
Activities

CONTOUR

Comet Nucleus Tour

COTF

Classroom of the Future

CPR

Cloud Profiling Radar (Cloudsat instrument)

CQUEST

Carbon Query and Evaluation Support
Tools

CrIS

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (an NPOESS
Preparatory Project instrument)

CRISM

Compact Reconnaissance Imaging
Spectrometer (Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter instrument)

CSA

Canadian Space Agency

CSOC

Consolidated Space Operations Contract

CXO Chandra

X-ray

Observatory

Calendar Year

DAA

Deputy Associate Administrator

DAFT

Dust and Aerosol Measurement Facility
Test

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency

DART

Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous
Technology

DEVELOP

Digital Earth Virtual Environment and
Learning Outreach Program

DFRC

Dryden Flight Research Facility

DHS

Department of Homeland Security

DI Deep

Impact

DLN Digital

Learning

Network

DLR

Deutches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
(German Aerospace Center)

DoD

Department of Defense

DoE

Department of Energy

DORIS

Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning
Integrated by Satellite (Ocean Surface
Topography Mission instrument)

DoT

Department of Transportation

DPR

Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (Global
Precipitation Mission instrument)

DSMS

Deep Space Mission System

DSN

Deep Space Network

DST

Decision Support Tool

DPR Dual-Frequency

Precipitation

Radar

EAS

Efficient Aircraft Spacing

EASI

Efficient Aerodynamic Shapes and
Integration

ECLSS

Environmental Control and Life Support
System

ECR

Environmental Compliance and Restoration

ECT

Enabling Concepts and Technologies

EDL

Entry, Descent, and Landing

EELV

Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle

EFI

Electric Field Instrument (Thermal Emission
Imaging System instrument)

EFMP

Efficient Flight Path Management

EFPM

Efficient Flight Path Management

EIS

Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer
(Solar-B instrument)

ELV

Expendable Launch Vehicle

ELVIS

Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated
Support

EOS

Earth Observing System

Acronyms

REF 2-3

EOSDIS

Earth Observing System Data and
Information System

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EPMC

Enterprise Program Management Council

EPSCoR

Experimental Program to Stimulate
Competitive Research

ESA

European Space Agency

ESE

Earth Science Enterprise (former NASA
Enterprise)

ESMD

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

ESMF

Earth Science Model Framework

ESR&T

Exploration Systems Research and
Technology (Theme)

ESS

Earth-Sun System (Theme)

ESSD

Earth Sciences and Applications Division
(former NASA Theme)

ESSP

Earth System Science Pathfinder

ESTO

Earth Science Technology Office

ESTP

Earth Science Technology Program

External Tank

ETA

External Tank Assembly

ETF

Environmental Test Facility

ETM

Enhanced Thematic Mapper

ETU

Engineering Test Unit

EUMETSAT

European Organization for the Exploitation
of Meteorological

EUV

Extreme Ultraviolet

EVA

Extravehicular Activity

EVE

Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment
(Solar Dynamics Observatory instrument)

EXPRESS

Expedite the Processing of Experiments to
the Space Station

F&SD

Flight and Systems Demonstration

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration

FAD

Formulation Authorization Document

FAST

Fast Auroral Snapshot

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

FFP

Focal Plane Package (Solar-B instrument)

FFRDCs

Federally Funded Research and
Development Centers

FGM

Fluxgate Magnetometer (Thermal Emission
Imaging System instrument)

FGS

Fine Guidance Sensor

FIR

Fluids Integrated Rack

FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array

FPP

Freon Pump Package

Flight Rule

FSB

Fundamental Space Biology (former NASA
Theme)

FUSE

Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer

Fiscal Year

GAJSC

General Aviation Joint Steering Committee

GALEX

Galaxy Evolution Explorer

GAO Government

Accountability

Office

GASMAP

Gas Analyzer System for Metabolic
Analysis Physiology

GBM

Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Gamma-ray
Large Area Telescope instrument)

General Electric

GEC

Global Electrodynamics Connection

GHz

Gigahertz

GIS

Geographic Information System

GLAST

Gamma–ray Large Area Space Telescope

GLOBE

Global Learning and Observations to
Benefit the Environment

GM Geospace

Missions

GM–ITM

Geospace Mission–Ionosphere–
Thermosphere Mapper

GMI

GPM Microwave Imager (Global
Precipitation instrument)

GO Guest

Observers

GOES Geostationary

Operational

Environmental

Satellite

GP–B

Gravity Probe–B

GPM

Global Precipitation Measurement

GPMC

Governing Program Management Council

GPS

Global Positioning System

GPSP

Global Positioning System Payload (Ocean
Surface Topography Mission instrument)

GRACE

Gravity Recovery and Climate

GRB

Gamma Ray Burst

GRC

Glenn Research Center

GSFC

Goddard Space Flight Center

GSRP

Graduate Student Research Program

GSS Ground

Support

Systems

GSSR

Goldstone Solar System Radar

H&RT

Human and Robotic Technology (former
NASA Theme)

HABSOS

Harmful Algae Blooms Observing System

HALE

High-altitude, Long-endurance

Acronyms

REF 2-4

HALE-ROA

High-altitude, Long-endurance Remotely
Operated Aircraft

HAZUS

Hazards U.S.

HBCU

Historically Black Colleges and Universities

HETE–2

High Energy Transient Explorer

HMI

Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (Solar
Dynamic Observatory instrument)

HMP

Human Measures and Performance

NASA Headquarters

HRF

Human Research Facility

HRI

High Resolution Imager

HRT

High Resolution Tracker

HSI Human

Systems

Integration

HSR&T

Human Systems Research and Technology
(Theme)

HST

Hubble Space Telescope

I&T

Integration and Test

IAA

International Academy of Astronautics

IAIPT

Interagency ATM Integrated Product Team

IAT

Independent Assessment Team

IBPD

Integrated Budget and Performance
Document

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

IGA

Intergovernmental Agreement

IIR

Imaging Infrared Radiometer (Cloud-
Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder
Satellite Observations instrument)

IMAGE

Imager for Magnetopause–to–Aurora
Global Exploration

IMP-8

Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 8

IMPACT

In-situ Measurements of Particles and CME
Transients (Solar Terrestrial Relations
Observatory investigation)

INTEGRAL

International Gamma Ray Astrophysics
Laboratory

IPAO

Independent Program Assessment Office

IPO

Integrated Program Office

IPS

Intelligent Propulsion System

IRA

Institutional Research Awards

IRT

Independent Review Team

ISAS

Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science

ISFS

Invasive Species Forecasting System

ISHM

Integrated System Health Management

ISOR

Independent Science and Operations
Review

ISPP

In-space Propulsion Program

ISRO

Indian Space Research Orgisation

ISS

International Space Station

ISTP

Integrated Space Transportation Plan

ITAR

International Traffic in Arms Regulation

ITAS

Integrated Tailored Aerostructures

ITF

Integrated Training Facility

ITM

Ionspheric/Thermospheric/Mesospheric

ITTP

Innovative Technology Transfer
Partnerships

IWGEO

Interagency Working Group on Earth
Observations

JACIE

Joint Agency Committee for Imagery
Evaluation

JAXA

Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency

JDEM

Joint Dark Energy Mission

JEM

Japanese Experiment Module

JHU

John Hopkins University

JHU-APL

Johns Hopkins University–Applied Physics
Laboratory

JIMO

Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

JPDO

Joint Planning and Development Office

JPL

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JSC

Johnson Space Center

JSRA

Joint Sponsored Research Agreement

JSRDA

Joint Sponsored Research and
Development Agreement

JWG

Joint Working Group

JWST

James Webb Space Telescope

KI Keck

Interferometer

KSC

Kennedy Space Center

kW Kilowatt

LANL

Los Alamos National Laboratory

LaRC

Langley Research Center

LASP

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics (University of Colorado, Boulder)

LAT

Large Area Telescope (Gamma-ray Large
Area Telescope instrument)

LBTI

Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer

LCC

Life-cycle Cost

LDCM

Landsat Data Continuity Mission

Lunar Exploration

LEAP

Low Emissions Alternative Power

LEO Low

Earth

Orbit

LIDAR

Light Detection and Ranging

LiOH Lithium

Hydroxide

Acronyms

REF 2-5

LISA

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

LMA

Lockheed Martin Astronautics

LOA

Letter of Agreement

LOI Lunar

Orbit

Injection

LRA

Laser Retroreflector Array (Ocean Surface
Topography Mission instrument)

LRD

Launch Readiness Date

LSG

Life Sciences Glovebox

LTMPF

Low Temperature Microgravity Physics
Facility

LTP

Learning Technologies Project

LWS

Living with a Star (Program)

MASTAP

Mathematics and Science Teacher
Partnership Program

MAV

Mars Ascent Vehicle

MCC

Mission Control Center

MCR

Mission Confirmation Review

McTMA

Multi-center Traffic Management Advisor

MEP

Mars Exploration Program

MEPAG

Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group

MER

Mars Exploration Rover

MESSENGER

Mercury Surface, Space Environment,
Geochemistry and Ranging

MGS

Mars Global Surveyor

MIDEX

Medium-size Explorer

MILA

Merritt Island Launch Annex

MIRI

Mid-infrared Instrument (James Webb
Space Telescope instrument)

MISR

Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MLCD

Mars Laser Communication Demonstration

MLP

Mobile Launch Platform

MMRTG

Multi-missions Radioisotope Thermoelectric
Generators

MMS

Magnetospheric Multiscale

Missions of Opportunity

MO&DA

Mission Operations and Data Analysis

MOA

Memorandum of Agreement

MODIS

Moderate-resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer

MOI

Mission Orbit Insertion

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MPIAT

Mars Program Independent Assessment
Team

MPLM

Multi-purpose Logistic Module

MRO

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

MRR

Mission Requirement Request

MSFC

Marshall Space Flight Center

MSI Minority-serving

Institute

MSL

Mars Science Laboratory

MSMT

Mission and Science Measurement
Technology

MSR

Mars Sample Return

MSRF

Materials Science Research Facility

MSRR

Materials Science Research Rack

MTO

Mars Telesat Orbiter

MUREP

Minority University Research and Education
Program

MUSES - C

Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft-C

MUSS

Multi-user Systems and Support

MXER Momentum

Exchange/Electrodynamic

Reboost

NAC

NASA Advisory Committee

NAPA

National Academy of Public Administration

NAR

Non–advocacy Review

NAS

National Airspace System

NASDA

National Space Development Agency of
Japan

NAST

NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed

NEA NASA

Educator

Astronaut

NEAR

Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous

NEI

NASA Explorer Institute

NEMS

NASA Equipment Management System

NEO Near-Earth

Object

NEP

Nuclear Electric Propulsion

NEPA

National Environmental Policy Act

Next-generation Electric Propulsion

NExTNAS

NASA Exploratory Technologies for the
National Airspace System

NGLT

Next Generation Launch Technology

NIAC

NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts

NICMOS

Near Infrared Camera and Multi–object
Spectrometer (Hubble Space Telescope
instrument)

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NIMA

National Imagery and Mapping Agency

NIRCam

Near-infrared Camera (James Webb Space
Telescope instrument)

NIRSpec

Near Infrared Spectrometer (James Webb
Space Telescope instrument)

NISN

NASA Integrated Services Network

Acronyms

REF 2-6

NIWA

National Institute for Water and
Atmospheric Research

NLS

NASA Launch Services

NLT NASA

Learning

Technologies

NMP

New Millennium Program

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration

NOx

Nitrogen Oxide

NPOESS

National Polar–orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System

NPG Nuclear

Power

Generation

NPP

NPOESS Preparatory Project

NPR

NASA Procedural Requirement

NRA

NASA Research Announcement

NRC

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NRO

National Reconnaissance Office

NRTS

Network Resources Training Site

NSBRI

National Space Biomedical Research
Institute

NSCORS

NASA Specialized Centers of Research

NSF

National Science Foundation

NSRDB

National Solar Radiation Data Base

NSRL

NASA Space Radiation Laboratory

NTTC

National Technology Transfer Center

OBPR

Office of Biological and Physical Research

OBSS

Orbiter Boom Sensor System

OCO

Orbiting Carbon Observatory

ODA

Orbital Debris Assessment

OIG

Office of Inspector General

OLI

Operational Land Imager (Landsat Data
Continuity Mission instrument)

OMB

Office of Management and Budget

OMI

Ozone Measuring Instrument

OMM

Orbiter Major Modifications

OMPS

Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
(NPOESS Preparatory Project instrument)

OMU

Other Minority Universities

OPF

Orbiter Processing Facility

ORR

Operations Readiness Review

ORU

Orbital Replacement Unit

OSP

Orbital Space Plane

OSS

Office of Space Science (former NASA
office)

OSTM

Ocean Surface Topography Mission

PAIR

Partnership Awards for the Integration of
Research into Undergraduate Education

PART

Program Assessment Rating Tool

PBS

President’s Budget Submit

PCA

Program Commitment Agreement

PCS

Physics of Colloids in Space

PDR

Preliminary Design Review

PDS

Passive Dosimeter System

PER

Pre–Environmental Review

Principal Investigator

PIMC

Program Institutional Management Council

PKB

Pluto-Kuiper Belt (New Horizons)

PLASTIC

Plasma and Supra-thermal Ion and
Composition (Solar Terrestrial Relations
Observatory investigation)

PMC

Program Management Council

PMSR

Preliminary Mission System Review

POES

Polar Operational Environmental Satellites

POIC

Payloads Operations Information Center

POIF

Payloads Office Integration Function

PRU

Plant Research Unit

PSO

Primary Science Orbit

PSR

Physical Sciences Research

PSU

Pennsylvania State University

QAT

Quiet Aircraft Technology

RASC

Revolutionary Aero Space Concepts

RBM

Radiation Belt Mapper Mission

REASoN

Research, Education and Applications
Solutions Network

RETScreen

Renewable Energy Technology
(Renewable Energy Project Analysis
Software)

RFP

Request for Proposal

RHESSI

Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar
Spectroscopic Imager

RLE

Robotic Lunar Exploration (Program)

ROA

Remotely Operated Aircraft

ROSES

Research Opportunities in Space and Earth
Science

ROSS

Research Opportunities In Space Science

RPC

Research Partnership Center

RPCT

Radioisotope Power Conversion
Technology

RPS

Radioisotope Power System

RPT

Rocket Propulsion Testing

RSA

Russian Space Agency

Acronyms

REF 2-7

RSB

Rudder Speed Brake

RSDO

Rapid Spacecraft Development Office

RSRM

Reusable Solid Rocket Motor

RTF Return

Flight

RXTE

Rossi X–ray Timing Explorer

S&MA

Safety and Mission Assurance

SAC-D

Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas–D
(Argentina)

SAME

Smoke and Aerosol Measurement
Experiment

SAMPEX

Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric
Particle Explorer

SAO

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

SAR

Synthetic Aperture Radar

SATS

Small Aircraft Transportation System

SATSLab

Small Aircraft Transportation System
Laboratory

Strategic Airspace Usage

SBIR

Small Business Innovative Research

SBT

Space–based Technology

SCM

Search Coil Magnetometer (Thermal
Emission Imaging System instrument)

SDO

Solar Dynamics Observatory

SDR

System Design Review

SEC

Sun–Earth Connection (former NASA
Theme)

SECAS

Sun–Earth Connection Advisory
Subcommittee

SECCHI

Sun-Earth Connection Coronal and
Heliospheric Investigation (Solar Terrestrial
Relations Observatory investigation)

SELENE

Selenological and Engineering Explorer
(Japan)

SERVIR

Central American Monitoring and
Visualization System

SEU

Structure and Evolution of the Universe
(former NASA Theme)

SFLC

Space Flight Leadership Council

SFOC

Space Flight Operations Contract

SFS

Space and Flight Support

SHARAD

Shallow Radar

SHARP

Summer High-school Apprenticeship
Research Program

SHARPP

Solar Heliospheric Activity Research and
Prediction Program

SIM

Space Interferometry Mission

SLAC

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

SLEP

Shuttle Service Life Extension Program

SM 4

Servicing Mission 4

SMD Science

Mission

Directorate

SMEX

Small Explorer

SMO

Systems Management Organization

SMPMC

Systematic Measurements Program
Management Council

SMS

Science Measurement Systems

SN Space

Network

SOA

State of the Art

SOFIA

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy

SOFIE

Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment
(Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
instrument)

SOHO

Solar Heliospheric Observer

SOMD

Space Operations Mission Directorate

SORCE

Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment

SPD

Space Product Development

SPF

Software Production Facility

SPP

Science Power Platform

SPRL

Space Physics Research Laboratory

SRB

Solid Rocket Booster

SRG

Stirling Radioisotope Generator

SRR

Systems Requirement Review

SSB

Space Studies Board

SSBRP

Space Station Biological Research Project

SSC

Stennis Space Center

SScAC

Space Science Advisory Committee

SSE

Solar System Exploration (Theme)

SSES

Solar System Exploration Subcommittee

SSME

Space Shuttle Main Engines

SSMOC

SOFIA Science and Mission Operations
Center

SSP

Space Shuttle Program

SSS

Sea Surface Salinity

SST

Solid State Telescope (Thermal Emission
Imaging System instrument)

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics

STEREO

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory

STIS

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
(Hubble Space Telescope instrument)

STP

Solar Terrestrial Probes (Program)

STS

Space Transportation System

STScI

Space Telescope Science Institute

Acronyms

REF 2-8

STSP

Science and Technology Scholarship
Program

STTR

Small Business Technology Transfer
Program

SVA

Strategic Vehicle Architecture

SVD

System Vulnerability Detection

SVS

Synthetic Vision System

SWEPT

System–wide Evaluation and Planning Tool

SWMF

Space Weather Modeling Framework

SWOT

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
Threats

SwRI

Southwest Research Institute

TCAT

21st Century Aircraft Technology Project

TCU

Tribal Colleges and Universities

TDRS

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite

TDRSS

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System

TFM

Traffic Flow Management

THEMIS

Thermal Emission Imaging System

TIM

Total Irradiance Monitor (Glory instrument)

TIMED

Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere,
Energetics and Dynamics

TMP

Technology Maturation Program

TOMS

Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

TOPEX

Ocean Topographic Experiment

TPF

Terrestrial Planet Finder

TRACE

Transition Region and Coronal Explorer

TRL

Technology Readiness Level

TRMM

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

TSA

Transportation Security Administration

TWINS

Two Wide–angle Imaging Neutral–atom
Spectrometers

UARC

Upper Atmosphere Research Collaboratory

UAV

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

UEET

Ultra–efficient Engine Technology

UHF

Ultra High Frequency

ULF

Utilization and Logistics Flight

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization

URC

University Research Center

URETI

University Research Engineering, and
Technology Institute

USAF

United States Air Force

USDA

United States Department of Agriculture

USFS

United States Forest Service

USGS

United States Geological Survey

USRA

Universities Space Research Association

USRP

Undergraduate Student Research Program

VAB

Vehicle Assembly Building

VAMS

Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation

VAS

Visible and Infrared Atmospheric Sounder
(Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite instrument)

VAST

Virtual Airspace Simulation Technology

VIIRS

Visible–infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
(NPOESS Preparatory Project instrument)

VLTI

Very Large Telescope Interferomerter

VPCAR

Vapor Phase Catalytic Ammonia Removal

VSP

Vehicle Systems Program

WATR

Western Aeronautical Test Range

WAVES

Radio and Plasma Waves Instrument
(Wind)

WFC 3

Wide Field Camera (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar
and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observations instrument)

WFS&C

Wave Front Sensing and Control (James
Webb Space Telescope instrument)

WGA

Western Governors Association

WISE

Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer

WJHTC

William J. Hughes Technical Center

WMAP

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

WORF

Window Observational Research Facility

WPA

Water Processor Assembly

WRF

Weather Research Forecasting

WRS

Water Recycling System

WSOA

Wide Swatch Ocean Altimeter (Ocean
Surface Topography Mission instrument)

WSTF

White Sands Test Facility

XMM

X-ray Multi-mirror Mission

XRT

X-ray Telescope (Solar-B instrument)

Supplementary Information

1-1

Overview

This Supplementary Information Volume provides additional information on the major projects in
formulation or development phases as identified in the budget request and is organized by
Directorates and Themes.

The formulation phase includes all activities prior to a formal commitment by the Agency to proceed
into full development. This commitment is granted only after development of independent cost
estimates, completion of a non-advocacy review, establishment of a life-cycle cost baseline, and the
signing of a formal Program Commitment Agreement. This step usually occurs after completion of
the preliminary design review.

The development phase includes design, development, testing, and evaluation, and commences
with the signing of the Program Commitment Agreement, and completes with launch or delivery of
the product. During the development phase, a project must meet specific technical requirements and
substantiate its life-cycle cost projections.

Each project section provides an Overview section describing the scope and objectives of the
project and gives a broad picture of what the project will accomplish and its benefits. The
organization responsible for project management is listed in the Program Management section. The
Technical Description section provides project details, including how the project objectives will be
accomplished. This section also includes a description of all the elements of the project and a
summary of work being performed in these elements. The Schedule section includes key project
milestones with dates and any changes from the FY 2005 plan. The section on Strategy for Major
Planned Acquisitions lists future major acquisitions, including planned announcements and
acquisition goals (e.g., full and open competition, directed work, or partnerships). The Risk
Management section lists key known risks and strategies to mitigate these risks. The Budget
section provides only the FY 2006 request for projects in formulation that do not yet have an
established life cycle baseline, or the entire life-cycle cost baseline for all development projects.

Under full cost, NASA allocates all costs to its programs, including general and administrative (G&A)
costs from the Centers and the Agency (corporate G&A). The project costs shown in this
Supplementary Information Volume include all direct costs, but only the G&A costs from the Centers
performing the work. Corporate G&A is not allocated to the projects in these reports. Since
corporate allocations are solely based upon total program costs, project manager decisions are not
influenced by allocation of corporate overhead. For each of these projects, the allocation by year of
corporate overhead can easily be calculated.

Table of Contents:

Supplementary Information

SI TOC 1-1

SCIENCE

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-1

AWN

ORIZONS

ARS

ECONNAISSANCE

RBITER

2005 (MRO)

HOENIX

COUT

07)

2009 M

ARS

CIENCE

ABORATORY

2009 M

ARS

ELECOMMUNICATIONS

RBITER

UNAR

ECONNAISSANCE

RBITER

(LRO)

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

ECK

PACE

NTERFEROMETRY

ISSION

(SIM)

AMES

EBB

PACE

ELESCOPE

TRATOSPHERIC

BSERVATORY FOR

NFRARED

STRONOMY

(SOFIA)

AMMA

RAY

ARGE

REA

PACE

ELESCOPE

(GLAST)

EPLER

IDE

FIELD

NFRARED

URVEY EXPLORER

(WISE)

ERSCHEL

LANCK

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-1

CEAN

URFACE

OPOGRAPHY

ISSION

NPOESS P

REPARATORY

ROJECT

(NPP)

LOBAL

RECIPITATION

ISSION

LORY

ANDSAT

ATA

ONTINUITY

ISSION

(LDCM)

OLAR

YNAMIC

BSERVATORY

OLAR

ERRESTRIAL

ELATIONS

BSERVATORY

(STEREO)

OLAR

-B

ERONOMY OF

CE IN THE

ESOSPHERE

(AIM)

HERMAL

MISSION

MAGING

YSTEM

(THEMIS)

LOUDSAT

LOUD

-A

EROSOL

IDAR AND

NFRARED

ATHFINDER

ATELLITE

BSERVATIONS

(CALIPSO)

RBITING

ARBON

BSERVATORY

YDROS

QUARIUS

EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

Constellation Systems

Appendix - SAE 6-1

REW

XPLORATION

EHICLE

PIRAL

REW

AUNCH

EHICLE

PIRAL

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-1

The Dawn mission's primary objective is to significantly increase
our understanding of the conditions and processes present during
the solar system's earliest history by investigating in detail two of
the largest protoplanets remaining intact since their formation.
Specifically, the spacecraft will examine the geophysical and
geochemical properties of 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta; main belt
asteroids that reside between Mars and Jupiter. This will be
accomplished by sending a spacecraft to orbit these asteroids
and perform science investigations using imaging, spectroscopy,
and gravity measurements.

Currently in development phase: Life-Cycle-Cost (LCC) data
provided and NASA is committed to the LCC estimate.

The Dawn Homepage can be accessed at:
http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov

An artist's rendition of Dawn with Vesta
and Ceres.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

126.5

78.2

49.2

6.2

5.7

5.9

7.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

1.6

-6.2

5.4

0.1

-0.7

-0.8

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Dawn

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Vesta Encounter reduced from 11 months to 7 months, and Ceres Encounter reduced from
11months to 5 months.

The laser altimeter and magnetometer instruments were deleted, and a one month launch delay
(from May 2006 to June 2006) in order to fit the mission within its cost cap and funding profile.

Changes From FY 2005

Dawn has a focused set of science and measurement objectives to be obtained through radio science
and three instruments. The mission launches in June 2006 and uses solar-electric propulsion to reach
and orbit Vesta (for seven months) and Ceres for (five months), while performing science
investigations at various altitudes and lighting conditions. The use of solar-electric propulsion readily
mitigates launch injection errors and is used during the interplanetary cruise to match trajectories with
the asteroid. Dawn uses a maximum of one ion thruster operating at a time (there are three thrusters
on the spacecraft). Stay times at Vesta and Ceres can easily be extended. The total mission duration
is nine years.

Technical Description

The JPL is responsible for Dawn project management.

Program Management

Program:

Discovery

Project In Development:

Dawn

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-2

All major acquisitions are in place.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

6/2006

Launch

Slip one month (from May 2006)

5/2004

Mission Critical Design Review

None

10/2011

Vesta Encounter

None

8/2016

End of Mission

None

8/2015

Ceres Encounter

None

9/2002

Start of Formulation

None

10/2003

Preliminary Design Review

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The Italian Space Agency (ASI) is responsible for the Mapping Spectrometer.

Los Alamos National Labs is providing the GRAND instrument.

JPL is responsible for project management and mission operations.

The German Aerospace Center (DLR) provides the framing camera instrument.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

37.8

126.5

78.2

49.2

6.2

5.7

5.9

7.0

47.3

363.8

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

1.6

-6.2

5.4

0.1

-0.7

-0.8

-9.0

-2.6

FY2005
President's
Budget

37.8

124.9

84.4

43.8

6.1

6.4

6.7

56.3

366.4

Additional funding to for resolving technical and schedule problems.

Program:

Discovery

Project In Development:

Dawn

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-3

The New Horizons Pluto mission will conduct a reconnaissance
of the Pluto-Charon system and potentially the Kuiper Belt. The
mission objectives are to: a) Characterize the global geology and
morphology of Pluto and Charon; b) Map the surface composition
of Pluto and Charon; and c) Characterize the neutral atmosphere
of Pluto and its escape rate.

New Horizons will seek to answer key scientific questions
regarding the surfaces, atmospheres, interiors, and space
environments of Pluto and Charon using imaging, visible and
infrared spectral mapping, ultraviolet spectroscopy, radio science,
and in-situ plasma sensors.

The New Horizons Homepage can be accessed at:
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission.htm

New Horizons spacecraft and payload in
deep space - artist's conception.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

140.1

103.0

87.7

16.1

9.5

5.7

6.1

Changes from FY 2005 Request

23.3

-12.8

3.3

-2.9

1.1

-0.2

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

New Horizons

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

None.

Changes From FY 2005

New Horizons is scheduled to launch aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle in January 2006, swing past
Jupiter for a gravity boost and scientific studies in February 2007, and reach Pluto and its moon,
Charon, in July 2015. The spacecraft may then head deeper into the Kuiper Belt to study one or more
of the icy mini-worlds in that vast region that lies at least a billion miles beyond Neptune's orbit.

Technical Description

The Applied Physics Laboratory is responsible for New Horizons project management.

Program Management

Program:

New Frontiers

Project In Development:

New Horizons

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-4

All major acquisitions are in place.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

1/2006

Launch

None

10/2003

Critical Design Review

None

3/2007

Jupiter Flyby / Gravity Assist

None

2017-2020

Kepler Belt Object Encounters

None

7/ 2015

Pluto-Charon Encounter

None

6/2001

Approved for Formulation

None

3/2003

Approved for Implementation

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory has project management responsibility.

Principal Investigator is at Southwest Research Institute.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

154.3

140.1

103.0

87.7

16.1

9.5

5.7

6.1

72.4

594.9

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

23.3

-12.8

3.3

-2.9

1.1

-0.2

-42.2

-24.3

FY2005
President's
Budget

154.3

116.8

115.8

84.4

19.0

8.4

5.9

114.6

619.2

Additional funding to cover launch vehicle cost growth.

RISK: Nuclear launch approval process and schedule, launch vehicle certification schedule,
observatory delivery schedule, and overall project cost issue. MITIGATION: NASA
Headquarters has chartered the Discovery and New Frontiers Program office at the MSFC to
perform an Independent Assessment of the New Horizon's mission with respect to the following:
1)Assess the mission's readiness to support a January 2006 launch date; 2)Assess the Project's
ability to deliver the Spacecraft and Instruments that meet the AO based contractual requirements.

Risk Management

Program:

New Frontiers

Project In Development:

New Horizons

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-5

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission objective is to
understand the history of water on Mars by observing the planet's
atmosphere, surface, and subsurface in unprecedented detail.
This mission will identify the best sites for a new generation of
landed vehicles to explore, by virtue of its ability to find local
evidence of the chemical and geological "fingerprints" of water
and other critical processes. MRO will explore from orbit
hundreds of locations on the surface of Mars, observing details
that were previously only visible to landers. MRO will focus on
locations identified as most promising by Mars Global Surveyor
and Odyssey, searching for the presence of surface materials
conducive to biological activity or having the potential for
preserving biogenic materials.

The MRO website can be accessed at:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/future/2005-plus.html

MRO Payload and Spacecraft - artist's
conception orbiting MARS.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

195.3

102.7

45.5

44.0

37.2

22.9

21.6

Changes from FY 2005 Request

12.9

-7.2

-0.9

-3.6

-1.7

-1.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2005 (MRO)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

None.

Changes From FY 2005

The MRO will be launched in August 2005 by an intermediate-class expendable launch vehicle from
Cape Canaveral Air Station, and will enter Mars orbit in 2006. The MRO mission will use its science
payload and engineering systems to acquire global mapping, regional survey, and globally distributed
targeted observations from a low-altitude, near-polar, mid-afternoon (dayside) Mars primary science
orbit (PSO). Currently, the goal is to achieve a near-polar 255x320 km PSO with closest approach to
Mars over the planet's south pole. The MRO will observe the planet's surface and atmosphere and
explore its upper crust from the PSO during a primary science phase, lasting one Martian year (687
Earth days).

Technical Description

The JPL is responsible for this segment of the Mars Exploration Program.

Program Management

Program:

Mars Exploration

Project In Development:

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2005 (MRO)

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-6

All Major Acquisitions are in place.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

FY06 - 4th
QTR

MARS Orbit Insertion

None

4th QTR FY05 Launch

None

4th QTR
FY2010

Relay Phase

None

4th QTR FY08 Primary Science Phase

None

3rd Qtr FY05

Ship to Cape

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

BATC - HIRISE Instrument
Applied Physics Lab. - CRISM Instrument

The Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) - Shallow Radar Radar

Lockheed Martin Aerospace - Spacecraft and System Integrator

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

216.9

195.3

102.7

45.5

44.0

37.2

22.9

21.6

686.0

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

12.9

-7.2

-0.9

-3.6

-1.7

-1.0

-11.8

8.3

FY2005
President's
Budget

216.9

182.4

109.9

46.4

47.6

38.9

23.9

11.8

677.8

Additional funding to for resolving technical and schedule problems to meet the August 2005 launch
date.

RISK: Additional problems uncovered during environmental testing will put significant pressure on
the limited schedule reserve remaining. MITIGATION: Special risk and work-to-go review
conducted; increased program-level monitoring of progress, risk tracking and schedule reserve
status; evaluating efficiencies in launch site flow.

Risk Management

Program:

Mars Exploration

Project In Development:

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2005 (MRO)

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-7

In the continuing pursuit of water on Mars, the poles are a good place to probe, as water ice is found
there. Phoenix will land on the icy northern pole of Mars between 65 and 75-north latitude. During the
course of the 150 Martian day mission, Phoenix will deploy its robotic arm and dig trenches up to half a
meter (1.6 feet) into the layers of water ice. These layers, thought to be affected by seasonal climate
changes, could contain organic compounds that are necessary for life. To analyze soil samples
collected by the robotic arm, Phoenix will carry an "oven" and a "portable laboratory." Selected
samples will be heated to release volatiles that can be examined for their chemical composition and
other characteristics.

Technical Description

Phoenix is a Principal Investigator-led Project. Program management responsibility has been
delegated to JPL.

Program Management

The Mars Phoenix overall mission is to uncover clues to the
geologic history and biological potential of the Martian arctic.
Phoenix will be the first mission to return data from either polar
region, providing an important contribution to the Mars science
strategy of "follow the water."

While providing investigator-led flexibility to the Mars Program
and allowing for reduced total mission life-cycle costs and
development time, this project will also enhance public
awareness of, and appreciation for, Mars exploration.
Educational and public outreach activities are being incorporated
as integral parts of Mars science investigations.

The Phoenix mission is the first in a series of smaller, lower-cost,
completed spacecraft with the goal of a mission launch
approximately every four years. Named for the resilient
mythological bird, Phoenix uses a lander that was intended for
use by 2001's Mars Surveyor lander prior to its cancellation. It
also carries a complex suite of instruments that are improved
variations of those that flew on the lost Mars Polar Lander.

For more information on the Phoenix mission, visit:
http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu

Phoenix payload and spacecraft on MARS
- artist's conception.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

25.4

96.1

94.4

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-3.5

-6.7

Phoenix (Scout 07)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

None.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation:

Phoenix (Scout 07)

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-9

MSL is planned for launch in the September-October 2009 time frame, and will arrive at Mars in
August 2010. The EDL system will be designed to accommodate a wide range of possible latitude and
altitude locations on Mars in order to be discovery-responsive and to have the capability to reach very
promising but difficult-to-reach scientific sites.

Technical Description

2009 MSL is a hybrid JPL-Science Community Mission with all major instrument acquisitions in place.

Program Management

The 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) will be a long-duration,
roving science laboratory that will be provide a major leap in
surface measurement technology focusing on Mars habitability.
Detailed measurements will be made of element composition,
elemental isotopes and abundance, mineralogy, and organic
compounds to determine if Mars has, or ever had, an
environment capable of supporting life. The project will develop
critical technologies for Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL), long-
life systems, autonomous operations, sample acquisition,
handling and processing, and Mars proximity
telecommunications.

Some of the key attributes of the 2009 MSL mission include: 12
months of flight time; five to six course corrections; direct entry
with altimetry performed in terminal descent; a 450-600 kg rover;
2 earth years lifetime; 10 kilometer mobility.

The MSL Website can be accessed at:
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/future/msl.html

MSL Rover on Mars - artist's conception.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

111.7

162.3

183.9

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-5.6

-12.3

2009 Mars Science Laboratory

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

None.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation:

2009 Mars Science Laboratory

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-11

The 2009 MTO will serve as the Mars hub for a growing interplanetary internet. It will use three radio
bands (X, Ka, UHF) and will be located at an optimal orbit to maximize coverage of orbital, sub-orbital,
and surface assets on Mars. This capability will magnify the benefits of other future Mars missions
and enable some types of missions otherwise impractical. The telesat will also include an operational
demonstration of optical telecommunications technologies, which will significantly increase the
communication data rate and improve the cost per byte of data returned. The Optical Communication
Technology Demonstration will be led by the GSFC with the JPL and MIT Lincoln Lab as partners.

Technical Description

GSFC is responsible for the Optical Communication Payload.

Program Management

Mars Telecommunications Orbiter(MTO) will be Mars' first high-
speed data connection. The spacecraft will orbit Mars at a higher
altitude than most orbiters and provide enhanced data relay for
surface missions such as the Mars Science Laboratory.

The spacecraft will communicate with Earth via two radio bands
and a new optical communications terminal, which will
demonstrate the use of a laser beam for interplanetary
communications.

Key attributes of the 2009 U.S. Telecom Orbiter mission: 1-year
cruise; 10 years on orbit; Electra UHF and X-band link and
gimbled camera. Communications relay for MSL, Scouts, MSR,
and Next Decade Mars Surface and orbital Missions. Provide
critical event coverage such as Entry Descent Landing (EDL),
Mission Orbit Insertion (MOI), or Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV).
Demonstrate deep space laser comm from Mars detect and
rendezvous with Orbiting Sample Canister. Demonstrate next
generation autonomous navigation.

MTO Payload and Spacecraft orbiting Mars
- artist's conception.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

10.1

24.2

55.5

Changes from FY 2005 Request

0.9

-0.9

2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

None.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Mars Exploration

Project In Formulation:

2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-13

The Robotic Lunar Exploration Program (RLEP) is delegated to the Goddard Space Flight Center
(GSFC). Theme responsibility resides at SMD/NASA HQ.

Program Management

Lunar reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is the first of the Lunar
missions. It is planned for launch by late Fall 2008 and will orbit
the Moon nominally for one year. The LRO mission emphasizes
the objective of advancing Lunar Science and obtaining data that
will facilitate returning humans safely to the Moon where testing
and preparations for an eventual crewed mission to Mars will be
undertaken. Launch of LRO in 2008 is necessary to meet the
President's mandate to put humans on the moon between 2015
and 2020.

The following objectives have been defined as having the highest
priority to land humans on the moon between 2015-2020:

* Characterization of deep space radiation environment in Lunar
orbit;
* Geodetic global topography;
* High spatial resolution hydrogen mapping;
* Temperature mapping in polar shadowed regions;
* Imaging of surface in permanently shadowed regions;
* Identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface
water ice in polar cold traps;
* Assessment of meter and smaller scale features for landing
sites; and
* Characterization of polar region lighting environment.

The LRO website can be accessed at: http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter (LRO)
spacecraft and payload - Conceptual
Design.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

17.0

40.2

105.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

17.0

40.2

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter is a new project in formulation.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Robotic Lunar Exploration

Project In Formulation:

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

Theme:

Solar System Exploration

Appendix - SAE 2-14

6/2005

LRO Preliminary Design Review

10/2005

Mission 2 Selection

12/2005

LRO Confirmation Review

5/2005

Mission 2 Announcement of Opportunity Release

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The LRO mission will be launched from the NASA Kennedy Space Center Eastern Test Range, on an
intermediate-class (e.g., Delta II) launch vehicle with a launch period opening and closing as early as
October 2008. Payload instruments will be in a power-off state during the launch and injection phase.
The cruise phase begins when the spacecraft separates from the launch vehicle and ends prior to
Lunar orbit injection (LOI). The cruise phase lasts approximately a couple days, depending on the
launch date, trajectory, and specific orbit selection.

After achieving the final mapping orbit, the LRO baseline mission is nominally one Earth year at a 30-
50 kilometer circular, polar orbit. This may be followed by an extended mission of up to five years in a
low maintenance orbit.

Technical Description

Instruments selections dependent upon Announcement of Opportunity (AO) down-selection.

Key Participants

Spacecraft - TBD pending RFP release and selection.

The measurement investigations for the LRO were selected through the competitive AO Process.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Robotic Lunar Exploration

Project In Formulation:

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

The Keck Interferometer (KI) seeks to answer two basic
questions: "Where do we come from?" and "Are we alone?" Key
to answering these questions is finding out how galaxies, stars
and planets form, and whether planets other than Earth have the
conditions necessary to support life. To that end, Keck will
address six science objectives:

1. MEASURE "EXOZODIACAL" LIGHT AROUND NEARBY
STARS: Using a technique called nulling, cancel light from stars
to examine the thermal emission from surrounding dust.

2. STUDY "HOT JUPITERS": Characterize atmospheres of hot,
Jupiter-mass planets orbiting within 20 million kilometers of their
parent stars.

3. FIND PLANETS AROUND NEARBY STARS: Using a
technique called astrometry, look for wobble in a star's motion
caused by the gravitational influence of an orbiting planet.

4. LOOK FOR NEWBORN STARS: Make images of stars as they
emerge from clouds of gas and dust in which they form, and view
the disks of gas and dust debris left over after stars have been
created, where planets may be forming.

5. VIEW THE FAINTEST AND FARTHEST: Provide detailed
information and images of some faint, dim, and distant objects far
beyond the Milkyway galaxy.

6. SEE OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FAMILY UP CLOSE: Make very
detailed observations of objects within our solar system, including
asteroids, comets, and distant outer planets.

NASA has proposed adding 4-6 Outrigger Telescopes to the
Keck Interferometer to accomplish objectives 3-6, but a final
decision as to where to locate the Outriggers is pending the
completion of the National Environmental Policy Act process.

For more information, please see:
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_intr

Keck Observatory

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

13.2

11.3

10.4

12.6

13.0

15.4

17.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

13.2

11.3

10.4

12.6

13.0

15.4

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Keck

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Program:

Navigator

Project In Development:

Keck

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-2

Major acquisitions are already in place.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

January 2005

First nulling of star through Keck-Keck

N/A

April 2004

Keck-Keck available for general observing

None

September
2006

Differential Phase mode available

N/A

January 2006

Nulling mode available for key project observing

N/A

April 2001

"First light" joining twin telescopes (Keck-Keck)

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

EOS Technologies, Inc., specializes in fabricating telescopes of modest size and is developing the
Outrigger Telescopes. Their parent company, EOS, is developing the telescope domes and
enclosures.

SAIC and Tetra Tech support NASA in the Environmental Impact Statement process.

W.M. Keck Observatory, California Association for Research in Astronomy (CARA) operates the
twin Keck 10-meter telescopes, the world's largest. The Keck Observatory manages the
subcontract to fabricate the Outrigger Telescopes and will operate the interferometer on Mauna
Kea.

CalTech manages the project, provides technical expertise in interferometry, and develops key
hardware and software components. The University of Hawaii holds the lease for the Mauna Kea
Science Reserve.

Key Participants

Nuller Key Project (studying the dust around nearby stars that might be targets for the Terrestrial
Planet Finder mission) observations start in early 2006.

Nuller is scheduled to become operational in January 2006.

Changes From FY 2005

KI uses a technique called interferometry to achieve its objectives. Interferometry combines the light
from two or more separate telescopes. The image has similar sharpness to that produced by a single
telescope whose diameter is as large as the distance between the separate telescopes. The
technique also allows measurement of motions of celestial bodies - in this case a star's tiny wobble
due to an orbiting planet (Obj 3). This tiny wobble, equivalent to the width of a candy bar on the Moon
as seen from Earth, can be measured using just the Outriggers. Obtaining ultra-sharp images (Obj 4-
6) requires a large telescope as well, in this case the twin Keck 10-meter telescopes. Objectives 1 and
2 can be accomplished using only the twin Keck telescopes joined as an interferometer.

Technical Description

JPL is responsible for Keck Interferometer project management. NASA and JPL Program
Management Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Navigator

Project In Development:

Keck

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-4

SIM is designed as a space-based 10-meter baseline interferometer operating in the visible
wavelength. Launched on an evolved expendible launch vehicle, SIM will enter an Earth-trailing solar
orbit to carry out a 5-year operational mission with a 10-year goal.

Technical Description

JPL is responsible for SIM project management. NASA and JPL Program Management Councils have
program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Are planetary systems like this solar system common in the
universe? In NASA's search for Earth-like planets, the question
of where to look is key. Within the Navigator program, the Space
Interferometry Mission is charged with the critical task of carrying
out a planet census of potential targets for subsequent TPF
missions. SIM provides the only method for unambiguously
measuring mass, which determines a planet's ability to retain
atmosphere long enough to make it possible to harbor.

How large is the universe? How old? What is dark matter and
where is it found? In addition to searching for terrestrial planets,
the SIM astrophysics program will address a host of other
important questions as it maps the structure of this galaxy as well
as those nearby.

SIM technology development is nearly complete, with only one of
eight milestones remaining before the project is ready for
implementation.

For more information, please see:
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_index.html

Artist's impression of SIM

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

87.9

145.3

109.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

16.5

-9.8

Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Cost increases on the SIM instrument and spacecraft have occurred as the design concept has
matured and as the project moves toward implementation (when a cost cap is established).

Launch has slipped approximately two years.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Navigator

Project In Formulation:

Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-6

In order to provide the resolution and sensitivity required by science investigations, JWST's main optic
is 6.5 meters in diameter, and the telescope assembly and scientific instruments must operate at
minus 365°Fahrenheit. A tennis court-sized shield shades these components from the Sun, Earth and
Moon, allowing them to radiate their heat to the extreme temperatures of deep space and thus become
very cold themselves. Since the telescope's main optic and the sunshade are too large to fit into the
nose cone of any practical rocket, they must be folded up for launch. Once in space, they will unfurl
into their operational configuration. JWST will orbit the Sun in tandem with Earth, around the Sun-
Earth Lagrange point 2 (L2), which is ideally-suited for the observatory's mission.

Technical Description

GSFC is responsible for JWST project management. NASA and GSFC Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)--identified by the
National Research Council as a top priority for astronomy and
physics for the decade--is a large deployable infrared
astronomical space-based observatory. JWST will enter
development in 2006 and is scheduled for launch in 2011. The
mission is a logical successor to the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST), extending Hubble's discoveries into the infrared, where
the highly red-shifted early universe can be observed, where cool
objects like protostars and protoplanetary disks emit strongly, and
where dust obscures shorter wavelengths.

During its five-year science mission, JWST will address the
questions: "How did we get here?" and "Are we alone?" by
exploring the mysterious epoch when the first luminous objects in
the universe came into being after the Big Bang. Focus of
scientific study will include first light, assembly of galaxies, origins
of stars and planetary systems, and origins of life.

For more information, please see: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

Artist's impression of JWST

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

243.2

295.3

351.6

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-9.9

-22.8

James Webb Space Telescope

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

None.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

James Webb Space Telescope

Project In Formulation:

James Webb Space Telescope

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-7

December
2006

Mission Critical Design Review

None

September
2009

Mission Operations Review

None

August 2011

Launch

None

May 2006

Enter Development (begin Phase C/D)

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The Canadian Space Agency is providing the fine guidance sensor for guiding the pointing of the
telescope, as well as operations support.

The European Space Agency is providing science instrumentation--the near-infrared spectrograph
and the optical bench assembly for the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI)--as well as operations
support. A launch vehicle and launch services has also been proposed.

Key Participants

The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is developing the Science and Operations Center
and associated services. STScI was selected by the NASA Administrator.

The University of Arizona, Tucson, is providing the primary near-infrared science camera. The
selection was made via a NASA Announcement of Opportunity.

JWST is being built by Northrop Grumman Space Technology, teamed with Ball, Kodak and
Alliant Techsystems. Selections were made via a NASA Request for Proposal.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

James Webb Space Telescope

Project In Formulation:

James Webb Space Telescope

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-8

SOFIA is an astronomical observatory consisting of a 2.5-meter
aperture telescope permanently installed in a specially modified
Boeing 747 aircraft. The aircraft, with its open-port telescope,
provided through a partnership with the German Aerospace
Center (DLR), will provide routine access to nearly all of the
visual, infrared, far-infrared, and sub-millimeter parts of the
spectrum. It will operate from Moffett Federal Airfield in northern
California, as well as from deployment sites in the Southern
Hemisphere and elsewhere, as dictated by its astronomical
targets. SOFIA will serve as a training ground for the next
generations of instrument builders well into the 21st century,
while producing new instrumentation important to NASA's future
space observatories. SOFIA will have an active education and
public outreach program, which will include flying educators as
well as astronomers.

For more information, please see: http://sofia.arc.nasa.gov/

Artist's concept of SOFIA in flight with
cavity door open and telescope visible.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

66.9

48.3

45.7

54.1

56.1

57.0

57.2

Changes from FY 2005 Request

12.5

-4.2

-2.5

-2.7

-2.8

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy (SOFIA)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

NASA rather than Universities Space Research Association (USRA) will directly manage the
aircraft maintenance and operations.

Changes From FY 2005

ARC is responsible for SOFIA project management, including mission and science operations. NASA
and ARC PMCs have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Project In Development:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-9

A call for proposals will be issued annually for observing time.

Competitions to procure new instruments will be conducted as needed.

DLR is providing telescope assembly and support during science operations.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

August 2006

Operational Readiness Review

12 months

September
2006

First Science Flight/Beginning Science Operations 12 months

March 2006

Complete Airworthiness Flight Testing

August 2006

Observatory performance testing complete.

12 months

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Universities Space Research Association (USRA) is serving as prime contractor for aircraft
modifications, ops center, and the first five years of operations.

L3 Communications is USRA's major sub-contractor for aircraft modifications.

DLR is providing telescope assembly and support during operations in exchange for 20 percent of
science observation time.

Key Participants

RISK: Observatory performance could fail to meet requirements due to worse than expected
cavity environment. The likelihood of this occurring is low to moderate. MITIGATION: For the
various aspects of performance (i.e.telescope pointing and image quality) that could affect SOFIA
once it is conducting science operations, potential corrective measures have been analyzed.
Specific mitigation techniques would be applied following characterizations during the flight test
phase and early science operations if performance is inadequate.

RISK: Although unlikely, an aircraft accident could occur. MITIGATION: This risk has been
mitigated by adherence to NASA's stringent airworthiness and safety standards and processes,
while also requiring Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification in the development of the
modified SOFIA aircraft.

Risk Management

Technical Description

Program:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Project In Development:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-10

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

318.0

66.9

48.3

45.7

54.1

56.1

57.0

57.2

703.3

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

12.5

-4.2

-2.5

-2.7

-2.8

54.8

FY2005
President's
Budget

318.0

54.4

52.5

48.2

56.8

58.8

59.8

648.5

Program:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Project In Development:

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-11

A collaboration with the Department of Energy, France, Italy,
Sweden, Japan and Germany, the Gamma-ray Large Area Space
Telescope (GLAST) will improve researchers' understanding of
the structure of the universe, from its earliest beginnings to its
ultimate fate. By measuring the direction, energy, and arrival time
of celestial high-energy gamma rays, GLAST will map the sky
with 50 times the sensitivity of previous missions, with
corresponding improvements in resolution and coverage. Yielding
new insights into the sources of high-energy cosmic gamma rays,
GLAST will reveal the nature of astrophysical jets and relativistic
flows and study the sources of gamma-ray bursts.

For more information, please see http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Artist's impression of GLAST

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

102.7

101.4

94.1

63.2

22.6

18.3

24.4

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-12.3

-1.8

-6.6

-0.4

-26.8

-6.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope
(GLAST)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Mission Critical Design Review was delayed due to the rebaseline of the Large Area Telescope
(LAT) and withdrawal of international partners.

Changes From FY 2005

The primary instrument on GLAST is the LAT, which will collect high-energy cosmic gamma rays with
a 50-fold improvement in sensitivity over previous missions. During its planned primary mission of five
years in Earth orbit, the telescope will both scan the sky and point at individual objects. The secondary
instrument is the GLAST Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), which will detect gamma-ray bursts and
immediately send their locations to the ground to alert astronomers to make follow-up observations.
Like the LAT, the GBM also has better sensitivity and spatial resolution than its predecessors.

Technical Description

GSFC - project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and GSFC Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

Project In Development:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-12

Spacecraft contractor is General Dynamics/Spectrum Astro, acquired via a blanket procurment
through GSFC's Rapid Spacecraft Development Office.

The primary instrument (LAT) at Stanford University and the secondary instrument (GBM) at
MSFC were selected through an Announcement of Opportunity competitive selection in 2000.

The Science Support Center at GSFC will support guest observers (GO) and manage
annual solicitation for GOs. Mission Ops Center personnel at GSFC will be provided by contractor
set aside procurement.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

December
2003

Non-Advocate Review

None

September
2004

Mission Critical Design Review

Delayed 7 months

May 2007

Launch

None

June 2003

Preliminary Design Review

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Large Area Telescope development and instrument integration is managed by the Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center, a Department of Energy funded laboratory located at Stanford University.

Stanford University is the home institution of the principal investigator of the LAT, and is also
providing science support.

The Naval Research Laboratory, which assembles the Calorimeter for the LAT, environmentally
tests the integrated instrument and provides science support.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

103.1

102.7

101.4

94.1

63.2

22.6

18.3

24.4

529.9

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

-12.3

-1.8

-6.6

-0.4

-26.8

-6.0

-192.6

-222.0

FY2005
President's
Budget

103.1

115.0

103.2

100.7

63.6

49.4

24.3

192.6

751.9

RISK: LAT production delays are highly likely due to fabrication and test problems, and delayed
vendor orders, as well as contractual issues involving international partners. Significant
production delays may affect the observatory Integration and Test (I&T) and launch schedule.
MITIGATION: NASA is closely monitoring progress in production, and looking at potential
modifications to LAT environmental test and observatory I&T flows to mitigate the impact to launch
from further tracker production delays.

Risk Management

Program:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

Project In Development:

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

JPL is responsible for Kepler project management, and Ames Research Center provides the principal
investigator.

Program Management

The centuries-old search for other Earth-like worlds has been
rejuvenated by the intense excitement and popular interest
surrounding the discovery of giant planets like Jupiter orbiting
stars beyond our solar system. With the exception of the pulsar
planets, all of the extrasolar planets detected so far are gas
giants. The challenge now is to find terrestrial planets that are 30
to 600 times less massive than Jupiter. The Kepler mission is
specifically designed to survey the extended solar neighborhood
to detect and characterize hundreds of terrestrial and larger
planets. Transits by terrestrial planets produce a fractional
change in stellar brightness lasting 2 to 16 hours. The orbit and
size of the planets can be calculated from the period and depth of
the transit. From measurements of the period, change in
brightness and known stellar type, the planetary size, orbital size
and characteristic temperature are determined. From this the
question of whether or not the planet is habitable (not necessarily
inhabited) can be answered. The Kepler mission's specific
objectives include: (1) determine the frequency of terrestrial and
larger planets in or near the habitable zones of a wide variety of
spectral types of stars; (2) determine the distribution of planet
sizes and their orbital semi-major axes (half the longest diameter
of the orbit); (3) estimate the frequency and orbital distribution of
planets in multiple-stellar systems; and (4) determine the
distributions of semi-major axis, albedo, size, mass, and density
of short-period giant planets.

Currently in formulation phase; there is no LCC commitment.

For more information please see http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

50.8

118.9

111.5

Changes from FY 2005 Request

0.0

-8.3

Kepler

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Launch date being reassessed due to schedule concerns.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Discovery

Project In Formulation:

Kepler

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

TBD

Critical Design Review

Change from 8/05

4/2005

Approval for Implementation

Slip from December 2004

TBD

Mission completion

Change from 9/2012

TBD

Launch

Change from 10/07

10/2004

Preliminary Design Review

none

12/2001

Started Formulation

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The Kepler instrument is a 0.95-meter aperture differential photometer with a 105-degree squared field
of view. The spacecraft will be launched into an Earth-trailing, heliocentric orbit. Following a 30-day
characterization period, Kepler begins acquiring its scientific data by continuously and simultaneously
observing over 100,000 target stars. During the first year, terrestrial planets with orbital periods shorter
than that of Mercury -- as well as a wide range of larger planets with similar periods -- should be
detected. Finally, the anticipated identification of Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of other star
systems will begin during the third year. Mission lifetime is four years.

Technical Description

Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, Instrument and Spacecraft development, test, and
delivery.

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at University of Colorado in Boulder
is responsible for Mission Operations.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Program Management, Systems engineering, and Spacecraft
Procurement

Ames Research Center, principle investigator, Instrument and Ground System Procurement

Key Participants

All major acquisitions are in place.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Discovery

Project In Formulation:

Kepler

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

WISE is a satellite with an infrared-sensitive telescope that will image the entire sky. Since objects
near room temperature emit infrared radiation, the telescope and detectors are kept cold (below -430°
F/15°K) by a cryostat -- like an ice chest filled with solid hydrogen.

As WISE sweeps the sky, a small mirror will scan in the opposite direction, capturing an image onto an
infrared sensitive digital camera every 11 seconds. Each picture will cover an area of the sky 3 times
larger than the Moon. After 6 months, WISE will have taken nearly 1,500,000 pictures covering the
sky. Data will be downloaded by radio transmission 4 times per day to computers on the ground which
will combine the images into an atlas covering the entire celestial sphere, and a list of all the detected
objects

Technical Description

JPL is responsible for WISE project management. NASA and JPL Program Management Councils
have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Planned for launch in 2008, WISE will provide a storehouse of
knowledge about the solar system, the Milky Way, and the
Universe. During its six-month mission, WISE will map the sky in
infrared light, searching for the nearest and coolest stars, the
origins of stellar and planetary systems, and the most luminous
galaxies in the universe. WISE's infrared survey will provide an
essential catalog for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Solar panels will provide WISE with electricity as it orbits several
hundred miles above the dividing line between night and day on
Earth, looking out at right angles to the Sun and always pointing
away from the planet. As the telescope orbits from the North Pole
to the equator to the South Pole and then back up to the North
Pole, it will sweep out a circle in the sky. As the Earth moves
around the Sun, this circle will shift, until WISE has observed the
entire sky.

For more information, please visit:
http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/science.html

Artist's depiction of WISE satellite in orbit.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

11.4

55.0

71.9

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-19.3

-3.0

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

N/A

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Explorer

Project In Formulation:

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

The Herschel Space Observatory will be the first example of a
new generation of space telescopes. It will be the first space
observatory covering the full far-infrared and sub-millimeter
waveband, and its telescope will have the largest mirror ever
deployed in space. It will be located 1.5 million kilometers away
from Earth at the second Lagrange point of the Earth-Sun
system. Herschel will permit high spatial and spectral resolution
imaging in the 85-900 micron wavelength region. Superb
sensitivity for both photometry and spectroscopy will result from
Herschel's high throughput and low thermal background.
Herschel's 3.5 meter mirror will collect the light from distant and
poorly known objects, such as newborn galaxies thousands of
millions of light-years away, and will focus it onto three
instruments with detectors kept at temperatures close to absolute
zero.

Herschel will be an infrared telescope used to study: galaxy
formation and evolution in the early universe; the nature of active
galaxy power sources; star forming regions; and interstellar
medium physics in the Milky Way and other galaxies. Herschel
will be a multipurpose observatory serving the entire astronomical
community. Herschel is led by the European Space Agency
(ESA) with NASA providing U.S. participation on two instruments.
Project is in development, therefore has baselined a life cycle
cost commitment.

For more information, please see: http://sci.esa.int/science-
e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=16

Artist's impression of Herschel observatory.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

18.3

5.3

6.9

12.6

28.0

27.4

25.9

Changes from FY 2005 Request

6.6

-0.8

0.4

6.5

28.0

27.4

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Herschel

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Technical difficulties in the development of flight hardware for Herschel resulted in cost increases.

In 2004, ESA announced a six-month launch delay which is reflected in the outyear budget.

Changes From FY 2005

JPL - Herschel project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and JPL Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

Project In Development:

Herschel

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-1

Herschel is an ESA mission.
NASA is providing critical components and technologies.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

August 2007

Launch

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Schedule

Herschel is an ESA mission.
NASA is providing critical components and technologies to this mission.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

71.4

18.3

5.3

6.9

12.6

28.0

27.4

25.9

120.1

315.9

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

6.6

-0.8

0.4

6.5

28.0

27.4

120.1

214.1

FY2005
President's
Budget

71.4

11.7

6.1

6.5

6.1

101.8

RISK: Potential launch delay due to ESA spacecraft and instrument schedule issue.
MITIGATION: NASA will deliver U.S.-developed hardware (instrument components) as soon as
flight units have been built and tested.

RISK: It is possible that flight hardware will be damaged during integration and testing prior to
launch. MITIGATION: NASA is building spare components for the critical pieces of the flight
hardware.

Risk Management

Technical Description

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

Project In Development:

Herschel

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-

October 2007

Launch.

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Schedule

Planck will help provide answers to one of the most important
sets of questions asked in modern science: how did the universe
begin, how did it evolve to the state we observe today, and how
will it continue to evolve in the future? Planck's objective is to
analyze, with the highest accuracy ever achieved, the remnants
of the radiation that filled the universe immediately after the Big
Bang, which researchers observe today as the cosmic microwave
background (CMB). Planck will study the global characteristics of
the universe (age, composition, topology, etc.) by its precision all-
sky measurement of the CMB. Planck is designed to image minor
variations in CMB radiation over the whole sky, with
unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck is led by
ESA. NASA participates on the two project instruments.

For more information, please see: http://sci.esa.int/science-
e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=17.

Artist's impression of Planck observatory.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

13.5

7.1

5.3

8.3

9.6

8.9

6.4

Changes from FY 2005 Request

1.1

-0.6

-0.8

3.3

9.6

8.9

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Planck

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

In 2004, ESA announced a six-month launch delay which is reflected in the Planck outyear
budget.

Changes From FY 2005

Planck will collect and characterize radiation from the CMB using sensitive radio receivers operating at
extremely low temperatures. The receivers will determine the black body equivalent temperature of the
background radiation and be capable of distinguishing temperature variations of about one
microkelvin. The measurements will produce the best ever maps of aniosotopies in CMB radiation
field.

Technical Description

JPL - Planck project management, including mission and science operations.
NASA and JPL Program Management Councils - program responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

Project In Development:

Planck

Theme:

The Universe

Appendix - SAE 3-2

Planck is an ESA mission.
NASA is providing critical components and technologies to this mission.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Planck is an ESA mission.
NASA is providing critical components and technologies to this mission.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

37.7

13.5

7.1

5.3

8.3

9.6

8.9

6.4

12.2

109.0

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

1.1

-0.6

-0.8

3.3

9.6

8.9

12.2

40.1

FY2005
President's
Budget

37.7

12.4

7.7

6.1

5.0

68.9

RISK: It is possible that flight hardware will be damaged during integration and testing prior to
launch. MITIGATION: NASA is building spare components for the critical pieces of the flight
hardware.

RISK: Potential launch delay due to ESA spacecraft and instrument schedule issue.
MITIGATION: NASA will deliver U.S. developed hardware (instrument components) as soon as
flight units have been built and tested.

Risk Management

Program:

International Space Science Collaboration

Project In Development:

Planck

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-1

The Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) is a cooperative
effort between NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), the European Organization for the
Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the space agency of
France. OSTM is a follow-on to Jason and will provide continuity
of ocean topography measurements beyond Jason and
TOPEX/Poseidon. Launch is targeted for FY 2008. OSTM will
measure sea surface height to an accuracy of < 4 centimeters
every ten days. Sea surface topography, as measured by
satellite altimeters, has numerous applications important to global
environmental monitoring, including predicting hurricane
intensification, improving tide models, mapping deep ocean
bathymetry, monitoring, and forecasting El Niño Southern
Oscillation, measuring the rate of global sea level rise, and
charting surface currents. OSTM supports Objective 14 and APG
6ESS25. Applications of OSTM data will include coastal zone and
disaster management.

Image of the Ocean Surface Topography
Mission (OSTM) spacecraft.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

28.9

30.5

26.3

18.8

13.4

7.5

6.7

Changes from FY 2005 Request

28.9

30.5

26.3

18.8

13.4

7.5

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Ocean Surface Topography Mission

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Replan of Mission Confirmation Review by 8 months to April 2005 and launch to April 2008.

Changes From FY 2005

OSTM will have a three year operational life with a five year goal. It will carry 6 scientific instruments.
NASA will provide the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), the Global Positioning System
Payload (GPSP), the Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA), and potentially the optional experimental Wide
Swath Ocean Altimeter (WSOA). CNES will provide the Nadir Altimeter and the Doppler Orbitography
and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) instruments. The Nadir Altimeter will provide
vertical measurements of sea surface height; the AMR will provide atmospheric correction for the
Nadir Altimeter; the GPS Payload, LRA, and the DORIS will provide precision orbit determination; and
the WSOA will demonstrate new high resolution measurement of ocean surface topography

Technical Description

JPL has project management responsibility. The NASA and JPL Program Management Councils have
program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development:

Ocean Surface Topography Mission

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-2

The Nadir Altimeter, DORIS and spacecraft to be provided by foreign partner (CNES).

The launch vehicle to be provided through full and open competition.

The AMR and WSOA (if option selected) to be built in-house by JPL and GPSP, LRA to be
selected by full and open competition.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Apr 05

Missin Confirmation Review

+8 months

Apr 08

Launch

+8 months

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Schedule

EUMETSAT: Areas of cooperation include Earth terminal, data processing, and archiving.

NOAA: Areas of cooperation include mission operations, data processing, and archiving.

CNES: Areas of cooperation include spacecraft, instruments, and mission operations.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

54.6

28.9

30.5

26.3

18.8

13.4

7.5

6.7

2.7

189.4

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

54.6

28.9

30.5

26.3

18.8

13.4

7.5

2.7

189.4

FY2005
President's
Budget

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development:

Ocean Surface Topography Mission

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-3

The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) is a joint mission with
NOAA and the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to extend key
environmental measurements in support of long-term monitoring
of climate trends and global biological productivity. The mission
of NPP is two-fold: First, NPP will provide NASA with the
continuation of global change observations following the Earth
Observing System (EOS) missions Terra and Aqua, specifically,
atmospheric and sea surface temperatures, humidity sounding,
land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol
properties. Secondly, NPP will provide the National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) with risk
reduction demonstration and validation for the critical NPOESS
sensors, algorithms, and processing. The NPP launch is planned
for October 2006 with an operational life of 5 years. NPP
supports Objective 14 and AGP 6ESS23.

For more information see
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_58.htm.

Image of the NPP spacecraft.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

102.6

135.2

62.5

12.2

6.0

6.2

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-0.9

-5.9

0.9

5.3

6.0

6.2

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Assumes no changes.

Changes From FY 2005

The NPP spacecraft will carry four instruments that will provide continuity of imagery, sounding, and
ozone mapping and profiling observations for NASA. The satellite will provide regional and global
meteorological data as well as oceanographic, environmental and climactic information. The
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) will
provide improved measurements of temperature and moisture profiles in the atmosphere. The Visible
Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) will provide global imagery in a number of visible and
infrared frequency bands. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) will collect ozone data in
support of the U.S. treaty obligation to monitor the ozone depletion for the Montreal Protocol.

Technical Description

GSFC is responsible for NPP project management. The NASA and GSFC Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development:

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-4

Not applicable. All procurements for NPP are completed.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Oct 05

CrIS Flight Model Delivery

Sep 05

OMPS Flight Model Delivery

Nov 05

VIIRS Flight Model Delivery

Oct 06

Launch

Jun 06

Operational Readiness Review

Oct 04

Spacecraft Integration Complete

Apr 05

ATMS Flight Model Delivery

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

NOAA is responsible for providing long-term data archive and storage.

NPOESS Integrated Program Office (a joint program office inclusive of NASA, NOAA, and USAF):
responsible for procuring CrIS, OMPS, VIIRS, ground system, and data processing system.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

256.1

102.6

135.2

62.5

12.2

6.0

6.2

587.1

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

-0.9

-5.9

0.9

5.3

6.0

6.2

17.9

FY2005
President's
Budget

256.1

103.5

141.1

61.6

6.9

569.2

RISK: If instruments are not delivered in accordance with agreed upon dates, then serious
observatory integration and test delays may be realized. There is a very high likelihood that this
risk will cause major cost increases and a schedule impact of at least 6 months.
MITIGATION: NASA and NOAA/IPO team working together to identify further work-arounds to
minimize cost and schedule impacts.

Risk Management

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Development:

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-5

The core and constellation spacecraft have a three-year operational life with a five year goal. Other
U.S. (POES and NPOESS) and international satellites part of the GPM constellation have similar
lifetimes. The core and constellation spacecraft carry three scientific instruments. The Dual-frequency
Precipitation Radar (DPR) supplied by JAXA and the GPM Microwave Imagers (GMI) supplied by
NASA will fly on the core spacecraft. A GMI will also fly on the NASA constellation spacecraft. The
DPR measures the horizontal and vertical structure of rainfall and its microphysics. The GMIs provide
additional sampling to improve global rainfall accumulations and extend scientific and societal
applications through "calibration" of the other constellation satellites' microwave radiometers.

Technical Description

GSFC has project management responsibility. The NASA and GSFC Program Management Councils
have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

The Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) is a joint mission with the
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and other
international partners. Building upon the success of the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), it will initiate the
measurement of global precipitation, a key climate factor. Its
science objectives are to: improve climate prediction by providing
near-global measurement of precipitation, its distribution, and
physical processes; improve the accuracy of weather and
precipitation forecasts through more accurate measurement of
rain rates and latent heating; and provide more frequent and
complete sampling of Earth's precipitation. GPM will consist of a
core spacecraft to measure precipitation structure and to provide
a calibration standard for the constellation spacecraft; an
international constellation of NASA and contributed spacecraft to
provide frequent precipitation measurements on a global basis;
calibration/validation sites distributed globally with a broad array
of precipitation-measuring instrumentation, and a global
precipitation data system to produce and distribute global rain
maps and climate research products. Launches are targeted for
FY 2011 and FY 2012. GPM supports Objective 14 and AGP
6ESS22.

For more information see
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/earth-sun.html

Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)
constellation.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

29.2

26.3

24.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

1.2

-3.1

Global Precipitation Mission

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Assumes NASA purchasing spacecraft from industry through the Rapid Spacecraft Development
Office.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation:

Global Precipitation Mission

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-7

The Glory mission will consist of a two-instrument development effort, the APS and TIM. Flight
opportunities for the instruments are under review but are not identified at this time. APS represents
the next generation of spaceborne measurement capability by simultaneously providing multispectral
and multi-polarization data, as well as along-track multi-angle scanning ability. The Glory APS
provides some risk mitigation for the operational instrument planned to fly on the NPOESS mission.
The solar TIM is a state-of-the-art radiometer based upon heritage from the successful SORCE
instrument.

Technical Description

GSFC has project management responsibility. The NASA and GSFC Program Management Councils
have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

The Glory mission improves upon NASA's research of forcings
that influence climate change in the atmosphere. The scientific
knowledge such global satellite observations will provide is
essential to predicting climate change and to making sound,
scientific based economic and policy decisions related to
environmental change. The Glory Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor
(APS) is an advanced polarimeter to increase our understanding
of black carbon soot and other aerosols as causes of climate
change. The APS will provide unprecedented determination of
the global distribution of natural and human-made aerosols and
clouds with accuracy and coverage sufficient for a reliable
quantification of the aerosol direct and indirect effects on climate.
The solar Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), a second Glory
instrument, provides measurements to maintain an uninterrupted
total solar irradiance data record by bridging the gap between
NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and
the National Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite
System (NPOESS) missions. Solar radiation is the dominant,
direct energy input into the terrestrial ecosystem, affecting all
physical, chemical, and biological processes. These
measurements are critical in studies to understand the Sun, its
direct and indirect affect on the Earth system, and its influence on
humankind. Glory supports Objective 14 and AGP 6ESS25.

For more on the scientific questions addressed by Glory, visit
www.climatescience.gov.

Glory Logo

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

12.3

54.2

5.1

Changes from FY 2005 Request

0.2

Glory

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Assumes continued build of the APS and TIM instruments; needs flight opportunity

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation:

Glory

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-9

GSFC is responsible for LDCM project management. The NASA and GSFC Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is a joint NASA-
United States Geological Survey (USGS) mission to extend the
Landsat record of multispectral, 30-meter resolution, seasonal,
global coverage of the Earth's land surface beyond the Landsat-7
lifetime. LDCM will continue the global land cover data set with
provision of synoptic, repetitive multispectral, high-resolution,
digital imagery of Earth's land surfaces, and will improve
assessment of rates of land-cover changes. NASA and the USGS
are working together to ensure the continuity of Landsat data
through development of the LDCM system with the assessment
of various system development and management options for a
satellite system to succeed Landsat 7. Although many options are
viable, the partners are focusing on a solution that will satisfy the
goals set forth in the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 of
maintaining "data continuity with the Landsat system," to serve
"the civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign policy
interests of the United States," and to "incorporate system
enhancements... which may potentially yield a system that is less
expensive to build and operate and more responsive to users."
One of the key objectives of LDCM is to make all Landsat
equivalent data collected available at affordable cost. This will
enable the many different sectors of the population - farmers,
school children, business leaders, scientists, state and federal
governments, and many others to continue to utilize this data for
high quality research and applications. This program supports
Objective 14 and APG 6ESS25.

For more information on LDCM, go to:
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_56.htm

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)
logo.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

35.2

38.4

54.3

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-24.4

-3.5

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Rephasing delivery of the second Operational Land Imager (OLI) Instrument; delivered 2 years
after the first OLI delivery to NPOESS.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation:

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-10

Jul 06

Mission Confirmation Review

New Milestone

Dec 08

Instrument Delivery

New Milestone

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Schedule

LDCM will procure two instruments each with a mission lifetime of 5 years to provide continuity to the
Landsat 7 dataset. The LDCM instrument, the OLI will have heritage emphasis on the visible and near-
infrared ranges with approximately 9 bands at 30-meter resolution and will enable cross-sensor
comparison of any data from within the Landsat series. LDCM will most likely be flown in a sun-
synchronous, near-polar orbit, with a mid-morning equatorial crossing time. LDCM data will ensure a
minimum of once yearly full global coverage the Earth's complete land mass, coastal boundaries, and
coral reefs as well as high-interest shorter repeat cycle phenomenological studies.

Technical Description

NOAA: provides spacecraft and instrument integration.

USGS: areas of cooperation include data management, data distribution, on-orbit calibration and
validation, and on-orbit payload operations.

Key Participants

OLI: To be selected by full and open competition.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth Systematic Missions

Project In Formulation:

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-11

Jan 2006

Complete Spacecraft Structure

Apr 2005

Critical Design Review

Delayed two months

Apr 2008

Launch

Feb 2007

Instrument Delivered to Spacecraft

June 2004

Mission Confirmation Review

Delayed two months

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is the Living With a Star
(LWS) program's first mission. It will investigate how the Sun's
magnetic field is structured and how its energy is converted and
released into the heliosphere in the forms of solar wind, energetic
particles, and variations in solar irradiance. Scientists will
analyze data from three instruments, the Helioseismic and
Magnetic Imager (HMI), the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability
Experiment (EVE), and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA),
to improve the science needed to enable space weather
predictions. The project includes funding for the spacecraft,
launch vehicle, data analysis (6 years), project operations (5
years), education, and outreach.

SDO will explain where and how the Sun's changing magnetic
field is generated throughout the solar system. SDO's data set
will also become the primary source for U.S. operational space
weather activities.

For more information, please see: http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/

SDO Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

88.1

148.4

159.2

154.1

55.0

18.6

16.1

Changes from FY 2005 Request

22.3

-10.0

30.3

41.4

14.1

-0.5

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Solar Dynamics Observatory

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Critical Design Review was delayed 2 months due to technical issues; no change to follow-on
milestones.

Changes From FY 2005

SDO will be in geosynchronous orbit. It will take data (~130 Mbps), down-link it to a ground station in
White Sands, NM, and then forward it to the investigators without processing.

Technical Description

GSFC is responsible for mission management, design, integration, testing and operation.

Program Management

Program:

Living with a Star

Project In Development:

Solar Dynamics Observatory

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-12

EVE instrument purchased through the University of Colorado.

AIA instrument purchased through Lockheed Martin via sole source justification (replaced
SHARPP instrument with Naval Research Laboratory).

HMI instrument purchased through Stanford University via Announcement of Opportunity
competitive selection.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Stanford University providing the HMI instrument.

LASP at University of Colorado providing the EVE instrument.

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Advanced Technology Center providing AIA instrument.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

67.7

88.1

148.4

159.2

154.1

55.0

18.6

16.1

707.3

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

22.3

-10.0

30.3

41.4

14.1

-0.5

-52.6

61.3

FY2005
President's
Budget

67.7

65.8

158.4

128.9

112.7

40.9

19.1

52.6

646.1

The FY 06 increase for SDO reflects the baseline budget requirements. Funding was transferred from
within the LWS program to support this increase.

RISK: The imposition of more stringent security requirements late in the development cycle could
cause redesign and rework. MITIGATION: The SDO program may allocate resources to
thoroughly understand impacts from proposed new security requirements.

RISK: There may be increased procurement costs due to reductions in the spacecraft market.
MITIGATION: The SDO program may work with industry to understand cost and competition
drivers and modify requirements, where appropriate.

RISK: Problems with the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) may be uncovered after
Engineering Test Unit (ETU) build is complete. MITIGATION: The SDO program may work with
FPGA applications experts to use best information and recommendations for FPGA use.

RISK: Late addition of a secondary payload could invalidate analyses and test results and cause
interface design rework and rebuild. MITIGATION: The SDO program may identify secondary
payload/launch vehicle schedule and technical requirements and provide them to KSC.

Risk Management

Program:

Living with a Star

Project In Development:

Solar Dynamics Observatory

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-13

The STEREO project will lead to an understanding of the cause
and consequences of coronal mass ejections (CME) by: tracing
the flow of CMEs from the Sun to Earth; discovering the
mechanisms and sites of energetic particle acceleration in the
Sun's corona and the interplanetary medium; and developing a
three-dimensional time-dependent model of the ambient solar
wind. STEREO will also continuously transmit data that will be
used to predict space weather. STEREO will use two identically
equipped spacecraft in heliocentric orbits, with one leading Earth
and the other lagging Earth. Investigations for STEREO will
include: Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric
Investigation (SECCHI), a remote sensing package which will
study the three-dimensional evolution of CMEs from the Sun's
surface to their eventual impact at Earth; STEREO/WAVES
(SWAVES), an interplanetary radio burst tracker that will trace
traveling radio disturbances from the Sun to Earth; In situ
Measurements of Particles and CME Transients (IMPACT)
investigation, which will sample the three-dimensional distribution
of solar wind plasma, characteristics of solar energetic particles,
and the local vector magnetic field; and the PLAsma and
SupraThermal Ion and Composition (PLASTIC) experiment,
which will study coronal-solar wind and solar-wind heliospheric
processes. Project supports annual performance goals 6ESS8
and 6ESS16.

For more information, please see
http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions/stereo/stereo.htm

STEREO Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

123.2

69.0

47.7

19.2

14.3

9.9

10.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

24.5

-4.8

15.1

-0.1

2.0

7.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory
(STEREO)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Increase in spacecraft and instrument costs due to technical and associated schedule issues.
Rephase expendable launch vehicle payment.

Changes From FY 2005

The mission design life shall be at least two years for each spacecraft. Assuming a CME rate
consistent with minimum of solar magnetic activity cycle, STEREO will observe at least 60 CMEs with
remote sensing instruments and at least 24 interplanetary events in situ. STEREO will have two major
science instrument suites and two science instruments. The Applied Physics Laboratory will provide
mission operations.

Technical Description

STEREO is the third mission within the STP program, with program and project responsibility
delegated to Goddard Space Flight Center.

Program Management

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Development:

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-14

Major acquisitions complete.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Sept 2004

Complete Spacecraft integration & testing (I & T)

Technical issues delayed 4
months

Feb 2003

Mission Critical Design Review

Nov 2005

Launch

Technical issues delayed 3
months

June 2005

Complete Observatory Spacecraft I & T

Technical issues delayed 5
months

Mar 2002

Start of Implementation

May 2001

Start of Formulation

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

NRL will provide the SECCHI remote sensing instrument suites.

The United Kingdom will provide two Heliospheric Imager instruments.

APL will provide the spacecraft, observatory integration, testing and mission operations.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

164.9

123.2

69.0

47.7

19.2

14.3

9.9

10.0

458.1

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

24.5

-4.8

15.1

-0.1

2.0

7.0

53.7

FY2005
President's
Budget

164.9

98.7

73.8

32.6

19.3

12.3

2.9

404.5

STEREO cost increase reflects schedule slip of launch date by three months, instruments increases
due to technical problems with the instruments and schedule delay with spacecraft provider. The
increase was accommodated within the Solar Terrestrial Program.

RISK: The IMPACT Solar Energic Particles Development schedule may erode due to technical
problems.
MITIGATION: The program will prioritize schedule for the mechanical development, and will
provide additional questions and answers, engineering and management support to the IMPACT
team.

RISK: It is highly likely that there will be degradation of observatory mass margin.
MITIGATION: The program will perform a series of instrument and spacecraft mass estimate
scrubs to verify confidence in remaining estimate margins, and will lighten remaining spacecraft
subsystem hardware if possible. The program will consider adjusting the launch window and/or
mission design to exercise mass saving options, as required.

Risk Management

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Development:

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-15

None

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Sept 2006

Solar-B Launch

None

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Schedule

The Solar-B mission is the second mission in the STP program.
Solar-B is an international collaboration building on the highly
successful Japan/U.S./UK Yohkoh (Solar-A) project. Solar-B is
expected to launch in September 2006 into a sun-synchronous
low Earth orbit. It will measure the Sun's magnetic field and
ultraviolet/X-ray radiation and use the data to increase the
understanding of the sources of solar variability. Solar-B will
specifically study the interaction between the Sun's magnetic field
and its high-temperature, ionized atmosphere. The result will be
an improved understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to
solar magnetic variability and how this variability modulates the
total solar output and creates the driving force behind space
weather. The U.S. responsibility is to manage development of
three science instrument components: the Focal Plane Package
(FPP), the X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and the Extreme Ultraviolet
(EUV) Imaging Spectrometer (EIS).

For more information, please see:
http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions/solar-b/solar-b.htm

Solar-B Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

16.8

11.4

14.3

14.7

12.5

10.1

Changes from FY 2005 Request

4.4

-0.8

3.0

14.7

12.5

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Solar-B

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

No changes.

Changes From FY 2005

The FPP will be designed to operate in conjunction with the JAXA-provided 0.5 meter solar optical
telescope; the XRT will accommodate the JAXA-provided camera and the EIS elements will be
designed and constructed to be integral to the United Kingdom-provided EIS instrument. Mission
design life is three years.

Technical Description

The Solar-B project is within the STP program, with program management responsibility delegated to
GSFC. Solar-B project management is at MSFC.

Program Management

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Development:

Solar-B

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-16

The Naval Research Laboratory will provide the EUV Imaging Spectrograph.

JAXA will provide spacecraft, launch vehicle, major elements of each scientific instrument,
observatory integration and testing, and mission operations.

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory will provide x-ray telescope.

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space will provide the focal plane package.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

82.1

16.8

11.4

14.3

14.7

12.5

10.1

174.3

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

4.4

-0.8

3.0

14.7

12.5

56.3

FY2005
President's
Budget

82.1

12.4

12.2

11.3

118.0

RISK: Delays in partner testing and/or launch schedule would impact overall project schedule and
cost. MITIGATION: The program will continue to negotiate schedules with Japan and will
prioritize future budgets to determine any necessary reductions in project support to
accommodate possible cost increases.

Risk Management

Program:

Solar Terrestrial Probes

Project In Development:

Solar-B

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-17

AIM will determine the causes of Earth's highest-altitude clouds,
which form in the coldest part of the atmosphere about 50 miles
above the polar regions every summer. Recorded sightings of
these "night-shining," or noctilucent clouds, began in the late
1800s and have increased in frequency. The clouds have also
extended to lower latitudes over the past four decades.
Scientists have hypothesized that these changes may be related
to changes in atmospheric trace gas concentrations and the
temperatures they produce. Similar thin high altitude clouds have
been observed on Mars. The information AIM provides about
Earth's noctilucent clouds should help scientists understand the
similarities and differences between the atmospheres of Mars
and Earth.

AIM's three instruments, the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size
(CIPS), Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE), and the
Cosmic Dust Experiment (CDE), will measure all of the
parameters important to understanding noctilucent cloud
formation, which will help scientists determine the connection
between the clouds and their environment and will serve as a
baseline for the study of long-term changes in the upper
atmosphere. Project supports annual performance goals
6ESS13.

For more information, please see:
http://aim.hamptonu.edu/

AIM Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

21.9

30.1

27.3

6.0

3.9

3.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-17.9

-2.1

15.0

5.3

3.9

3.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Confirmed to proceed into development in April 2004.

Changes From FY 2005

AIM is a SMEX-class mission that will be launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on a Pegasus XL
launch vehicle on September 2006. The spacecraft, developed by Orbital, will be launched into a sun-
synchronous orbit of 600 kilometers. Three instruments, CIPS, SOFIE and CDE, will each perform
unique stand-alone measurements. The baseline mission duration is 24 months.

Technical Description

AIM is a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) spacecraft with management responsibility delegated to
Goddard Space Flight Center.

Program Management

Program:

Explorer Program

Project In Development:

Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-18

AIM is a principal investigator (PI)-led mission. The PI, at Hampton University's Center for
Astropheric Science, leads the science, instrument, and spacecraft teams.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Mar 2005

Spacecraft I&T Begins

Oct 2005

Observatory I&T Begins

Sep 2006

Launch

Apr 2004

AIM Confirmation Review

delayed one month

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)at the University of Colorado provides
project management, instruments (CIPS, CDE and SOFIE), and mission operations (subcontacted
to Hampton University).

Orbital Science Corp (a subcontractor to LASP) provides the spacecraft bus and will provide
observatory integration and testing.

Hampton University - Principal Investigator

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

21.1

21.9

30.1

27.3

6.0

3.9

3.0

116.3

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

-17.9

-2.1

15.0

5.3

3.9

3.0

10.2

FY2005
President's
Budget

21.1

39.8

32.2

12.3

0.7

106.1

RISK: The replacement of Actel field programmable gate arrays may impact schedule.
MITIGATION: If necessary the project will "borrow" sufficient parts from another project to permit
instrument replacement to proceed without schedule impact to fabrication.

Risk Management

Program:

Explorer Program

Project In Development:

Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-19

The THEMIS project will lead to the understanding of the onset
and evolution of magnetospheric substorms. NASA's THEMIS
mission will use five identical microspacecraft (probes) to answer
fundamental outstanding questions regarding magnetospheric
substorm instability, a dominant mechanism of transport and
explosive release of solar wind energy within Geospace.
THEMIS will also employ a dense network of ground
observatories to time well known plasma particles and fields
signatures in Earth's magnetotail, relative to substorm onset. In
addition to addressing its primary objective, THEMIS answers
critical questions in radiation belt physics and solar wind-
magnetosphere energy coupling.

For more information, please see:
http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/themis/Flash/THEMIS_flash.htm

THEMIS Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

68.8

51.6

38.8

11.8

6.3

4.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

68.8

51.6

38.8

11.8

6.3

4.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Thermal Emission Imaging System
(THEMIS)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

THEMIS was confirmed to proceed into development in April 2004.

Changes From FY 2005

THEMIS is Medium-Class Explorer (MIDEX) mission that will be launched from Cape Canaveral,
Florida, on a Delta II in October 2006. THEMIS consists of 5 identical probes. There are five
instruments on each probe: fluxgate magnetometer (FGM), search coil magnetometer (SCM), electric
field instrument (EFI), electrostatic analyzer (ESA) and solid state telescope (SST).

Technical Description

THEMIS is a NASA Medium-clss Explorer (MIDEX) mission, with project responsibility delegated to the
Goddard Space Flight Center.

Program Management

Program:

Explorer Program

Project In Development:

Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-20

Swales Aerospace will provide the spacecraft, integration and test, spacecraft carrier, launch
vehicle integration, and launch support to UCB.

UCB will provide the 3 instruments and the mission and science operations.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

July 2005

Spacecraft Integration and Testing Begins

Mar 2005

Instrument I&T Begins

Oct 2006

Launch

Mar 2006

Observatory Integration and Testing Begins

Apr 2004

THEMIS Confirmed

Baseline Schedule

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Swales Aerospace Corporation is providing the spacecraft bus.

International Instruments: France - SCM; Germany - FGM.

Univerity of California at Berkeley - Prinicpal Investigator.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

12.1

68.8

51.6

38.8

11.8

6.3

4.0

197.4

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

12.1

68.8

51.6

38.8

11.8

6.3

4.0

197.4

FY2005
President's
Budget

RISK: Orbital debris analysis (ODA) of the launch vehicle (Delta II second and third stages)
indicateds non-compliance with orbital debris guideline. Subsequent changes in the orbital design
may impact science.
MITIGATION: the project will meet with NASA Headquarters' Science Mission Directorate and
Safety Office to discuss ODA non-compliance.

RISK: The baseline design for probe release mechanism fails to meet mission requirements,
necsssitating a redesign. This activity may impact schedule reserves. MITIGATION: The project
will develop an engineering test unit to support early tesing.

Risk Management

Program:

Explorer Program

Project In Development:

Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-21

CloudSat observations will improve cloud modeling, contributing
to better predictions of cloud formation and distribution and to a
better understanding of the role of clouds in Earth's climate
system. Clouds are the key component of Earth's hydrological
cycle, and they dominate the planet's solar and thermal radiation
budgets. Even small changes in their abundance or distribution
could significantly alter the climate. These considerations lead
scientists to believe that the main uncertainties in climate model
simulations are due to the difficulties in adequately representing
clouds and their radiative properties. CloudSat will fly a
millimeter-wave (94 GHz) radar that is capable of seeing a large
fraction of clouds and precipitation, from very-thin cirrus clouds to
thunderstorms producing heavy precipitation. CloudSat will
furnish data needed to evaluate and improve the way clouds are
represented in global models, thereby contributing to better
predictions of clouds and a more complete knowledge of their
role in climate change. CloudSat, a collaboration among NASA,
the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the U.S. Air Force
(USAF), is co-manifested with CALIPSO for launch aboard a
Boeing Delta II rocket. The mission will fly in formation with
CALIPSO and as part of a larger constellation with Aura and
Aqua and the French satellite, Parasol. This project supports
Objective 14 and Agency Performance Goal 6ESS25.

For more information see http://CloudSat.atmos.colostate.edu/

CloudSat has a nadir pointing radar
optimized to penetrate clouds and reveal
their interior water and aerosol content.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

29.2

8.0

4.8

1.3

Changes from FY 2005 Request

12.8

4.9

3.4

1.3

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Cloudsat

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Mission requirements replanned. Launch delay of 2 months to May 2005.

Changes From FY 2005

JPL is responsible for project management. The NASA, GSFC, and JPL Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development:

Cloudsat

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-22

None remaining.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

May 05

Launch

+2 months

Mar 05

Delivery to Launch Site

Mar 07

End of primary mission

+2 months

May 06

First data products delivered

+2 months

Jan 05

Satellite environmental tests complete

Jul 04

Instrument delivery to S/C to start satellite AIT

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

CSA: provides CPR key element; USAF: provides ground stations for mission operations

DoE: provides early mission calibration and validation phase expertise

JPL: provides instrument development, integration, and test

Colorado State University: provides Principal Investigator and data processing

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

119.3

29.2

8.0

4.8

1.3

162.6

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

12.8

4.9

3.4

1.3

22.5

FY2005
President's
Budget

119.3

16.4

3.1

1.4

140.2

RISK: If formation flying with CALIPSO and the insertion into the A-Train cannot be achieved, then
optimum science results will not be achieved. There is a moderate likelihood that formation flying
and insertion into the A-Train will not be achieved to make optimum use of the instrument synergy
of the different A-Train satellites. MITIGATION: NASA established the A-Train constellation
working group, made up of representatives from all satellite organizations, and led by the GSFC
Earth Science Mission operations office, to identify and resolve formation flying and A-Train
insertion issues.

Risk Management

The single CloudSat instrument is the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). The CPR is a 94-GHz nadir-
looking radar that measures the power backscattered by clouds as a function of distance from the
radar. CloudSat will be co-manifested with CALIPSO on a Delta II launch vehicle. CloudSat will fly in
formation with CALIPSO as part of the "A-Train" constellation. The CloudSat CPR provides calibrated,
range-resolved radar reflectivity measurements. The USAF will provide ground operations and
manage communications to the satellite. The data will be routed through the Air Force facility at
Kirtland Air Force Base to the Colorado State University Cooperative Institute for Research in the
Atmosphere (CIRA). CIRA will be responsible for processing, archiving and distributing the mission
science data.

Technical Description

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development:

Cloudsat

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-2

CALIPSO mission will address the role of clouds and aerosols in
Earth's atmosphere, providing key measurements to improve
knowledge of their three, dimensional distribution, radiative
properties, and effect on Earth's climate. The mission will fly a 3-
channel lidar (a laser) in formation with CloudSat and in a
constellation with Aura and Aqua to obtain coincident
observations of radiative fluxes and the atmosphere. This set of
measurements is essential for quantification of global aerosol and
cloud radiative effects. CALIPSO consists of a partnership
between NASA and France's Centre Nationale D'Etudes Spatiale
(CNES). CNES is providing a Proteus spacecraft, the imaging
infrared radiometer (IIR), integrated observatory integration and
test, and spacecraft mission operations. Together, CALIPSO and
Aqua provide: (1) a global measurement suite from which the first
observationally based estimates of aerosol direct radiative forcing
of climate can be made; (2) a dramatically improved empirical
basis for assessing aerosol indirect radiative forcing of climate;
(3) a factor of 2 improvement in the accuracy of satellite
estimates of long-wave radiative fluxes at Earth's surface and in
the atmosphere; and (4) a new ability to assess cloud-radiation
feedback in the climate system. CALIPSO is co-manifested with
CloudSat and scheduled to launch no earlier than May 2005. This
project supports Objective 14 and Agency Performance Goal
6ESS25.

For more information see http://www-calipso.larc.nasa.go

The CALIPSO satellite will provide data
key to understanding the role of clouds and
aerosols in Earth's radiation budget,
providing key measurements to improve
climate predictions.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

40.8

14.5

3.5

4.7

2.8

Changes from FY 2005 Request

12.6

4.4

-0.2

2.1

2.7

-0.1

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observations
(CALIPSO)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

Mission requirements replanned. Launch delay of 2 months to May 2005.

Changes From FY 2005

GSFC has project management responsibility. The NASA and joint LaRC/GSFC Program
Management Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development:

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observations (CALIPSO)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-2

N/A, all procurements for CALIPSO are completed

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

May 05

Launch

+2 months

Apr 05

Satellite delivery to launch site

May 08

End of primary mission

+2 months

Nov 06

1st calibrated & validated data products delivered

+2 months

Mar 04

Payload (all 3 instruments) delivery to spacecraft

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

LaRC - Provides principle investigator and primary instrument (LIDAR)

CNES - Provides spacecraft, system level integration and testing, and satellite ground station and
mission control

GSFC - Provides project and program management

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

118.5

40.8

14.5

3.5

4.7

2.8

184.7

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

12.6

4.4

-0.2

2.1

2.7

-0.1

21.5

FY2005
President's
Budget

118.5

28.2

10.1

3.7

2.6

0.1

163.3

RISK: If formation flying with CloudSat and the insertion into the A-Train can not be achieved, then
optimum science results will not be achieved. There is a moderate likelihood that formation flying
and insertion into the A-Train will not be achieved to make optimum use of the instrument synergy
of the different A-Train satellites. MITIGATION: NASA established the A-Train constellation
working group, made up of representatives from all satellite organizations, and led by the GSFC
Earth Science Mission operations office, to identify and resolve formation flying and A-Train
insertion issues.

Risk Management

CALIPSO carries three science instruments: a three-channel LIDAR, and IIR, and a wide field camera
(WFC). The LIDAR and WFC are provided by NASA and the IIR by CNES. CALIPSO will launch with
CloudSat on a Delta II launch vehicle into 705 kilometer altitude, 98.08' inclined orbit, and will fly in
formation with CloudSat and in a larger constellation with Aura, Aqua, and Parasol. The science data
sets produced by CALIPSO will include aerosol and cloud vertical distributions, aerosol extinction and
optical depth, optical depth, emissivity, and effective particle size content of clouds and cloud surface
atmospheric radiative fluxes. The Mission Operations Control Center will be at LaRC and the Satellite
Operations Control Center at CNES facilities in Toulouse, France

Technical Description

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Development:

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observations (CALIPSO)

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-2

During its two-year mission, OCO will fly in a Sun-synchronous polar orbit that provides near-global
coverage of the sunlit portion of Earth, with a 16-day repeat cycle. The spacecraft is a high-heritage
low earth orbit Star-2, provided by Orbital Sciences Corporation. Its single instrument incorporates
three high-resolution grating spectrometers, designed to measure the near-infrared absorption by CO2
and molecular oxygen in reflected sunlight. The orbit's early afternoon equator crossing time
maximizes the available signal and minimizes diurnal biases in CO2 measurements associated with
photosynthesis.

Technical Description

OCO is led by a PI from the JPL. Project management and the Program Management Council
responsibility also reside at JPL.

Program Management

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) mission is part of ESSP
in the NASA Science Mission Directorate. OCO was
competitively selected from proposals submitted in response to
ESSP Announcement of Opportunity 3. OCO will make the first
space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide
(CO2) with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to
characterize its sources and sinks on regional scales and quantify
their variability over the seasonal cycle. The data received from
OCO will provide an improved understanding of CO2 sinks, a
critical element in making more reliable climate predictions. OCO
will help address two important Earth science questions: 1) What
human and natural processes are controlling atmospheric CO2;
and 2) What are the relative roles of the oceans and land
ecosystems in absorbing CO2? This project supports Objective
14 and APG 6ESS25.

For more information, please see
http://sciencedev.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_61.htm.

Image of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory
(OCO) Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

18.9

37.5

46.9

Changes from FY 2005 Request

1.3

-7.9

Orbiting Carbon Observatory

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

OCO schedule rephased.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Formulation:

Orbiting Carbon Observatory

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-2

Hydros will be launched into a polar, sun synchronous orbit that allows global measurements of Earth's
changing soil moisture and land surface freeze/thaw conditions. The payload on Hydros will consist of
an L-band radar and radiometer with a shared 6-meter rotating antenna. The Hydros satellite is
planned to operate for two years. The combined readings from the radar and radiometer will provide
data through most vegetation and will provide soil moisture measurements to a greater depth than any
other space based system.

Technical Description

Project management responsibility resides at JPL. The NASA and JPL Program Management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

The Hydrosphere State (Hydros) mission is part of ESSP.
Hydros was competitively selected from proposals submitted in
response to ESSP Announcement of Opportunity 3. Hydros will
provide global views of the terrestrial water cycle, soil moisture
content and its freeze/thaw state. The science goals for Hydros
are to: provide resolution of the terrestrial water budget mean
state and variability, improve water supply forecasts for water
management and agriculture, and enhance predictive skill (lead
time and accuracy) for weather, climate, and carbon balance.
The science of Hydros introduces improved capability to predict
costly natural hazards, such as extreme weather, floods, and
droughts. This Project supports Objective 14 and APG 6ESS25.

For more information, please see
http://sciencedev.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_62.htm.

Image of the Hydros Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

4.6

Changes from FY 2005 Request

Hydros

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Hydros was competitively selected from proposals submitted in response to ESSP Announcement
of Opportunity 3.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Formulation:

Hydros

Theme:

Earth-Sun System

Appendix - SAE 4-

This observatory will be launched into a polar, sun-synchronous orbit that allows global coverage of ice
free ocean surfaces, consistent with SAC-D science observational targets. The Aquarius mission will
provide for a 3-year data set. CONAE will conduct the operations. Aquarius will deploy an integrated
passive/active L-band radiometer/scatterometer as the primary salinity-measuring payload. JPL will
design and build the scatterometer which will utilize surface radar backscatter for mitigating salinity
measurement errors due to surface roughness effects. GSFC will design and build the L-Band
radiometer which will provide the primary sea surface brightness measurement used to derive SSS.

Technical Description

Aquarius is led by a PI from Earth and Space Research. Project management and Program
Management Council responsibility reside at JPL.

Program Management

The Aquarius Mission is part of ESSP. Aquarius was
competitively selected from proposals submitted in response to
ESSP Announcement of Opportunity 3. Aquarius is an instrument
on the Argentine Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales
(CONAE) spacecraft SAC-D. Aquarius will make space-based
measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS), with high accuracy
and resolution to investigate the links between the global water
cycle, ocean circulation, and climate. The objective of Aquarius
is to observe and model seasonal and year-to-year variations of
SSS, and how these relate to changes in the water cycle and
ocean circulation. This will yield an unprecedented view of the
oceans' role in climate and weather. This project supports
Objective 14 and APG 6ESS25.

For more information, please see
http://sciencedev.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_59.htm.

Image of the Aquarius Spacecraft

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

8.1

19.1

55.3

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-0.1

-1.4

Aquarius

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Mission Confirmation Review rephased to occur June 2005.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth System Science Pathfinder

Project In Formulation:

Aquarius

Theme:

Constellation Systems

Appendix - SAE 6-1

The CEV project is currently being managed from NASA Headquarters by ESMD, with future
participation from the Space Operations Mission Directorate.

Program Management

The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) will provide human
transportation capability from the surface of the Earth to orbit by
2014. It will be designed from the outset as a key element of the
Constellation System of Systems and will provide the capability
for human transportation beyond Earth orbit by no later than
2020. The capabilities of the CEV will be extensible to future
missions in a sustainable, affordable manner as new technology
becomes available. The CEV will provide a flexible crew vehicle
capable of supporting multiple exploration missions to orbital
destinations such as the Moon, Mars and beyond.

The CEV Project Office was established at NASA Headquarters
within the Constellation Systems Theme in FY 2004. The CEV
project has recruited a diverse team of experts from across the
NASA Centers and brought them together at NASA Headquarters
to develop a Request for Proposal for the CEV prime contractors.
The CEV Request for Proposal will be released in March 2005
with a planned award in September 2005. NASA anticipates
multiple awards that will continue up to Preliminary Design
Review with a down-select following a flight test to demonstration
risk reduction for the CEV in 2008.

The CEV project supports the Orbit Capability (Spiral 1) Program
by providing the vehicle needed to demonstrate an Earth orbit
capability, leading to a mission to the lunar surface.

For more information, please see
http://exploration.nasa.gov/constellation/index.html.

The Crew Exploration Vehicle is the
centerpiece of the Constellation System of
Systems.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

75.0

140.1

752.9

Changes from FY 2005 Request

75.0

140.1

Crew Exploration Vehicle (Spiral 1)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Since last year the program has established the CEV Project Office, developed a detailed
acquisition strategy, and initiated formulation of the CEV prime contractor Request for Proposal.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

Project In Formulation:

Crew Exploration Vehicle (Spiral 1)

Theme:

Constellation Systems

Appendix - SAE 6-2

2006

CEV System Readiness Review

None

Sep 2005

Award contract for CEV (Spiral 1) development

None

2008

Risk Reduction Flight Demonstration

None

2008

CEV Preliminary Design Review

None

Mar 2005

Release Request for Proposal for CEV
development

None

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

The CEV will be designed to: optimize crew safety while ensuring affordability and extensibility to
future spirals; maximize the use of existing technology; maximize vehicle flexibility by employing an
open systems architecture; and employ a simplified interface design with the crew launch vehicle. The
CEV will be certified by testing to the maximum extent possible, and design of the CEV and its ground
systems will be focused on achieving innovative and streamlined operations in order to reduce
operational costs.

Technical Description

Participants include eleven Concept Refinement and Exploration teams from industry and
academia, and NASA insight through Integrated Product Teams.

Key Participants

FY 2005 - Release and award multiple contracts for CEV phase 1 design and flight demonstration
through Preliminary Design Review in 2008.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

Program:

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

Project In Formulation:

Crew Exploration Vehicle (Spiral 1)

Theme:

Constellation Systems

Appendix - SAE 6-3

The CLV will meet key parameters such as: design for crew safety while ensuring a reasonable,
feasible architecture (e.g. engine out capability, abort capability, etc.); mass-to-orbit, design reliability,
minimal infrastructure requirements and standard payload interfaces; optimal functional allocations
between the launch system and all other system interfaces; minimal and simple interfaces between the
launch system and the CEV for optimum integration; minimal and simple interfaces between the
launch system and the ground support system to allow for responsive and safe operations; and
execution of a risk mitigation ground and flight test program to verify human-rating certification of the
system.

Technical Description

The CLV project is currently managed out of Headquarters by ESMD, with coordination and
participation from the Space Operations Mission Directorate.

Program Management

The Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) supports the Vision for Space
Exploration by providing routine, safe, affordable, and reliable
transportation of humans to low Earth orbit. The CLV will be
evolvable in a sustainable and affordable manner to support
future requirements. A key element of the Constellation System
of Systems, the CLV will safely provide the necessary propulsive
power to accelerate the CEV to low Earth orbit. Systems that
comprise the CLV include the airframe structure and mechanisms
(e.g. core stage, strap-on boosters, and upper stage), propulsion
system (propellant distribution and engines), thermal
management system, avionics (guidance, navigation and control),
payload fairing, and system health management. The CLV also
includes the launch vehicle element unique ground launch
systems embedded in the ground infrastructure. The CLV will be
integrated with ground support systems and the CEV for pre-
launch preparations and airborne support (tracking, telemetry,
range, recovery, etc.) during flight. The launch system
architecture selected will meet the human-rating requirements,
but may also have the capability to evolve to later cargo carrying
requirements of future spirals. For more information, please see
http://exploration.nasa.gov/constellation/index.html.

The Crew Launch Vehicle will provide a
launch capability to enable humans to
begin
their exploration journey.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

11.1

14.3

Changes from FY 2005 Request

11.1

Crew Launch Vehicle (Spiral 1)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Formulation of the CLV acquisition strategy is being developed based on the lunar architecture
analysis of alternatives to be completed in FY 2005.

Changes From FY 2005

Program:

Earth Orbit Capability (Spiral 1)

Project In Formulation:

Crew Launch Vehicle (Spiral 1)

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-1

Space Station elements are provided by U.S. and international
partners Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The U.S. elements
include nodes, laboratory module, airlock, truss segments,
photovoltaic arrays, three pressurized mating adapters,
unpressurized logistics carriers, and a cupola. Various systems
have been developed by the U.S., including thermal control, life
support, navigation, command and data handling, power
systems, and internal audio/video. Other U.S. elements being
provided through bilateral agreements include the pressurized
logistics modules provided by the Italian Space Agency, Node 2
provided by ESA, and the centrifuge accommodation module
(CAM)/centrifuge provided by the Japanese. During FY 2005, it is
expected the Space Shuttle will return to flight and the assembly
of the ISS will resume in FY 2006. In the meantime, the ISS will
continue on-orbit research operations with two crew and with
resupply and crew rotation provided by Russian Progress and
Soyuz vehicles.

ISS EVA operation.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

83.9

96.2

74.3

63.4

50.8

23.8

19.7

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-17.4

26.8

8.8

7.6

28.4

8.1

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Core Development

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

NASA is examining configurations for the Space Station that meet the needs of both the space
exploration vision and our international partners using as few Shuttle flights as possible.

Columbia and Full Cost Impacts have significantly reduced program reserves.

Shuttle Return to Flight in FY 2005

Changes From FY 2005

The primary objective of the ISS is to support scientific research and other activities requiring the
unique attributes of humans in space. In concert with the new exploration vision, NASA will refocus
U.S. Space Station research on activities, such as the development of countermeasures against space
radiation and the long-term effects of reduced gravity, that prepare human explorers to travel beyond
low Earth orbit.

Technical Description

JSC is responsible for management of ISS core development. The NASA and JSC management
Councils have program oversight responsibility.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

Core Development

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-2

None

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

June 2006

Flight 13A.1 - S5 Truss

Dates are subject to change

April 2006

Flight 12A/1 - S3/S4 Truss

Dates are subject to change

December
2006

Flight 10A - Node 2

Dates are subject to change

September
2006

Flight 15A - S6 Truss

Dates are subject to change

February 2006 Flight 12A.1 - P5 Truss

Dates are subject to change

December
2005

Flight 12A - P3/P4 Truss

Dates are subject to change

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Boeing; Prime contractor for International Space Station Development and Sustaining
Engineering.

Russia; in addition to ISS elements and crew members, Soyuz and Progress have provided critical
crew rotation and resupply during the Shuttle hiatus.

International Partners; There are a total of 16 participating nations working on the ISS. Russia,
ESA, Japan, Canada, and Italy are providing elements for the international Space Station

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

12,515.4

83.9

96.2

74.3

63.4

50.8

23.8

19.7

12,927.4

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

0.0

-17.4

26.8

8.8

7.6

28.4

8.1

82.0

FY2005
President's
Budget

12,515.4

101.3

69.4

65.5

55.8

22.4

15.7

12,845.5

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

Core Development

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-3

ISS Capability Upgrades enable potential enhancements to
support research required by the National Vision for Space
Exploration. NASA and the International Partners hope to
increase the permanent crew of the ISS to greater than three.
The additional crew is vital to full utilization of ISS capabilities for
U.S. Exploration and International Partner goals. Development
funding for the expansion of crew size above the U.S. Core
baseline is included in the FY 2006 Capability Upgrades budget.
Operations and sustaining will be included in the ISS operations
budget. Regenerative environmental control and life support
system (ECLSS), Node 3, and habitability modifications were
funded from reserves in FY 2005, and the final design will be
based on the ISS final configuration that emerges from the
current reassessment.

Regenerative ECLSS.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

25.7

10.4

18.1

8.1

4.0

3.4

2.5

Changes from FY 2005 Request

6.4

-0.8

8.8

4.4

4.0

3.4

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

Environmental Control and Life Support
System (ECLSS)

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

ECLSS to be installed in the lab to provide early O2 generation capability.

ECLSS, Node 3 and Habitability are included in the ISS program baseline

Changes From FY 2005

ECLSS, Node 3 and Habitability upgrades will provide the ability to sustain a crew size above three
during continuous ISS operations. ECLSS provides a critical test bed for exploration and will provide
redundancy from the Russian Electron for Oxygen generation up to 7,500 pounds. In addition the
ECLSS will be able to recycle up to 41K of water. The habitability upgrades will provide crew
accommodations and the Node 3 and additional 3470 cubic feet of volume.

Technical Description

JSC has overall program management responsibility with MSFC providing the management of ECLSS
development.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-4

None

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

December
2005

Oxygen Generation System delivery to KSC

New Milestone

May 2005

Urine Processor Assembly bench test complete

Delayed four months

January 2008

Node 3 delivery to KSC

None

March 2006

Water Recovery System delivery to KSC

New Milestone

March 2005

Oxygen Generator Assembly On Dock at MSFC

New Milestone

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

Boeing; providing critical software and hardware for Node 3 and ECLSS integration to ISS

Alenia; building Node 3 under contract with ESA.

Hamilton Sundstrand; performing major ECLSS orbital replacement unit development and rack
level integration for two of three racks.

Key Participants

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

206.0

25.7

10.4

18.1

8.1

4.0

3.4

2.5

278.2

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

6.4

-0.8

8.8

4.4

4.0

3.4

28.7

FY2005
President's
Budget

206.0

19.3

11.2

9.3

3.7

249.5

RISK: The Advanced ECLSS is a vital new technology. Development has seen technical
challenges associated with delivery of key system components. These challenges are impacting
program schedule. Delivery of the ECLSS could be impacted which would delay back up O2
regeneration capability or greater than three crew capability. MITIGATION: The program
provides weekly status on all ECLSS technical issues with available schedule slack. Technical
work arounds are currently in place with some contingency remaining.

Risk Management

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-5

A key element in the future of the ISS program is the purchase of
alternate cargo and crew transportation services to supplement
the Shuttle when it is in service, and to replace it when it retires.
The Space Shuttle has been the primary U.S. transportation
vehicle for assembly and operation of the Space station since
1998 when STS-88 delivered and mated the Unity node to the
Russian Control module, Zarya. NASA plans to continue use of
the Space Shuttle as the workhorse vehicle for transporting large
cargo to complete the assembly of the space station by the end
of this decade. In 2010, the Space Shuttle - after nearly 30 years
of duty - will be retired from service. Other U.S. systems to deliver
crew and cargo to the ISS do not currently exist. It is necessary
for NASA to establish a transportation capability for crew and
cargo for the space station program both during ISS assembly
and after the Shuttle is retired. NASA intends to meet this need
through the purchase of services for cargo and crew transport
using existing and emerging capabilities, both domestic and
foreign. The purchase of these services is necessary to enable
new ISS science capabilities, deliver and retrieve cargo, and
provide human-rated crew transport for enterprise crew rotation
when the Shuttle and partner-provided transportation is
insufficient to meet space station requirements.

Overview

FY 2006 PRES BUD

98.0

160.0

500.0

720.0

Changes from FY 2005 Request

-42.0

0.0

President's FY 2006 Budget Request

(Dollars in Millions)

ISS Cargo and Crew Services

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2010

A Cargo/Crew Services Aquisition Strategy has been developed

Changes From FY 2005

NASA intends to solicit a Request for Proposal (RFP) for commercial cargo transportation services to
the ISS NLT June/July 2005 with an award expected by December 2005. The initial commercial cargo
transportation system operational capability is expected NLT 2009.

Technical Description

ISS Program Office will manage program requirements and the Launch Services Program will manage
the acquisition.

Program Management

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

ISS Cargo and Crew Services

Theme:

International Space Station

Appendix - EC 2-6

ISS Cargo Acquisition: To be selected by full and open competition.

Strategy For Major Planned Acquisitions

March 2005

Draft RFP release

New Milestone

June 2005

Final RFP release

New Milestone

December
2005

Contract Awards

New Milestone

Schedule

Date

Key Milestones

Change From FY 2005

FY 2006 PRES
BUD

98.0

160.0

500.0

720.0

1,798.0

Budget
Authority

Prior FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

BTC

Total

Comments

Budget Detail/Life Cycle Cost

(Dollars in Millions)

Changes

-42.0

678.0

FY2005
President's
Budget

140.0

160.0

500.0

1,120.0

Program:

International Space Station Program

Project In Development:

ISS Cargo and Crew Services

Document Outline