Tropical Cyclone Report
Hurricane Jimena
28 August - 5 September 2003
Richard J. Pasch
National Hurricane Center 18 December 2003
Jimena passed south of the Hawaiian Islands as a
weakening tropical cyclone, and it had little impact on those
islands.
a. Synoptic History
It is possible that Jimena originated from a tropical
wave that crossed Central America and entered the eastern north
Pacific in mid-August. This system was difficult to track as it
moved westward, however, and it is not certain that the wave was
related to an area of disturbed weather within the ITCZ near
125°W on 26 August. This area of disturbed weather drifted
westward and became better organized, resulting in the system being
classified as T1.0 on the Dvorak scale at 1800 UTC 27 August. Based
on the low-level circulation inferred by the cloud pattern, as well
as the persistence of deep convection, it is estimated that a
tropical depression formed near 0600 UTC 28 August about 1500 n mi
east of the Hawaiian Islands. The "best track" chart of the
tropical cyclone's path is given in Figure 1, with the wind and
pressure histories shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3,
respectively. The best
track positions and intensities are listed in Table 1.
The depression strengthened quickly into Tropical
Storm Jimena, and, in an environment of favorable vertical shear
and sufficiently warm ocean waters, the tropical cyclone
intensified further. A small eye became evident, and Jimena
attained hurricane status around 1200 UTC 29 August. With a
deep-layer high pressure area to its north, Jimena moved on a
generally west-northwestward track. A slight weakness in the ridge,
to the northwest of the hurricane, gradually filled in. In response
to the building ridge, Jimena turned toward the west with a slight
increase in forward speed and entered the Central Pacific hurricane
basin (140°W to 180°W) shortly after 0600 UTC 30 August.
Meanwhile, the hurricane continued to strengthen, and it reached an
estimated maximum intensity of 90 kt around 1800 UTC 30 August
while centered about 700 n mi east of the Hawaiian Islands.
Thereafter, Jimena gradually weakened, and its winds fell below
hurricane strength on 1 September. Moving on a westward to
west-southwestward track, the center of the weakening tropical
cyclone passed about 105 n mi south of the southern tip of the
island of Hawaii at 1500 UTC 1 September. Jimena continued on its
westward to west-southwestward course, and continued to lose
strength due to increased shear and, possibly, a more stable
environmental air mass. It weakened to a tropical depression by
0000 UTC 3 September. The cyclone maintained winds of 25 to 30 kt
for several more days as it moved generally westward. Jimena
crossed the International Date Line on 5 September and dissipated
shortly afterwards, about 1500 n mi west-southwest of the Hawaiian
Islands.
b. Meteorological Statistics
Observations in Jimena (Figure 2 and Figure 3)
include satellite-based Dvorak technique intensity estimates from the
Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB), the Satellite
Analysis Branch (SAB) and the U. S. Air Force Weather Agency
(AFWA), as well as flight-level and dropwindsonde observations from
flights of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of
the U. S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRES). The highest
flight-level (700 mb) wind speed reported by AFRES was 71 kt at
2227 UTC 31 August, and the lowest pressure measured by AFRES was
990 mb at 1708 UTC 31 August.
The highest recorded wind gusts were 50 kt on the
Hawaiian island of Kahoolawe and 46 kt at South Point on the island
of Hawaii, Jimena produced rainfall amounts of 6 to 10 inches, with
isolated higher amounts over windward sections of the island of
Hawaii. Surf heights of 6 to 12 feet were reported along the
southeast-facing shores of the Kau district, and up to 11 feet
along the coast north of Hilo, on the island of Hawaii.
c. Casualty and Damage Statistics
There were no reports of casualties or significant
property damage attributed to Jimena. No significant freshwater
flood problems were reported in Hawaii.
d. Forecast and Warning Critique
The National Hurricane Center issued official
forecasts for Jimena for only about two days, prior to the
hurricane crossing into the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center's
area of responsibility. Therefore, there were too few cases
to make up a significant sample for forecast verification. However,
several of the NHC forecasts showed Jimena passing near the
Hawaiian Islands as a stronger tropical cyclone than actually
occurred.
Table 2 lists the watches and warnings associated
with Jimena.
Table 1: Best track
for Hurricane Jimena, 28 August-5 September 2003. Best track values
from 140W to 180W are based on analyses from the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and best track values west of
180W are
based on analyses from the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
Date/Time (UTC) | Position | Pressure (mb) | Wind Speed (kt) | Stage |
Lat. (°N) | Lon. (°W) |
28 / 0600 | 14.0 | 129.6 | 1008 | 30 | tropical depression |
28 / 1200 | 14.4 | 130.7 | 1005 | 35 | tropical
storm |
28 / 1800 | 14.8 | 131.9 | 1002 | 40 | " |
29 / 0000 | 15.4 | 133.0 | 997 | 50 | " |
29 / 0600 | 16.1 | 134.1 | 994 | 55 | " |
29 / 1200 | 16.6 | 135.5 | 987 | 65 | hurricane |
29 / 1800 | 16.9 | 136.9 | 981 | 75 | " |
30 / 0000 | 17.2 | 138.3 | 973 | 85 | " |
30 / 0600 | 17.3 | 139.8 | 973 | 85 | " |
30 / 1200 | 17.3 | 141.3 | 972 | 85 | " |
30 / 1800 | 17.3 | 142.9 | 970 | 90 | " |
31 / 0000 | 17.6 | 144.4 | 976 | 90 | " |
31 / 0600 | 17.8 | 146.1 | 980 | 90 | " |
31 / 1200 | 18.0 | 147.8 | 984 | 85 | " |
31 / 1800 | 18.2 | 149.6 | 991 | 75 | " |
01 / 0000 | 18.1 | 151.3 | 1000 | 65 | " |
01 / 0600 | 17.8 | 153.0 | 1000 | 55 | tropical
storm |
01 / 1200 | 17.4 | 154.5 | 1002 | 45 | " |
01 / 1800 | 17.0 | 156.1 | 1002 | 40 | " |
02 / 0000 | 16.5 | 157.6 | 1005 | 35 | " |
02 / 0600 | 16.1 | 159.0 | 1005 | 35 | " |
02 / 1200 | 15.6 | 160.4 | 1005 | 35 | " |
02 / 1800 | 15.3 | 161.9 | 1005 | 35 | " |
03 / 0000 | 15.1 | 163.4 | 1009 | 30 | tropical
depression |
03 / 0600 | 14.9 | 164.9 | 1009 | 30 | " |
03 / 1200 | 14.7 | 166.5 | 1009 | 25 | " |
03 / 1800 | 14.7 | 168.2 | 1009 | 25 | " |
04 / 0000 | 14.7 | 170.0 | 1009 | 25 | " |
04 / 0600 | 14.7 | 171.8 | 1009 | 30 | " |
04 / 1200 | 14.6 | 173.6 | 1009 | 30 | " |
04 / 1800 | 14.2 | 175.5 | 1010 | 30 | " |
05 / 0000 | 13.7 | 177.4 | 1009 | 30 | " |
05 / 0600 | 13.6 | 179.4 | 1009 | 30 | " |
05 / 1200 | 13.4 | -179.2 | 1009 | 25 | " |
05 / 1800 | 13.2 | -177.4 | 1009 | 25 | " |
06 / 0000 | | | | | dissipated |
30 / 1800 | 17.3 | 142.9 | 970 | 90 | minimum pressure |
Table 2: Watch and warning
summary for Hurricane Jimena, 28 August-5 September
2003.
Date/Time | Action | Location |
31/0000 | Hurricane Watch
Issued | Island of
Hawaii |
31/0300 | Tropical Storm Warning
Issued | Island of Hawaii |
1/1500 | Hurricane Watch
Discontinued | Island of
Hawaii |
1/2100 | Tropical Storm Warning
Discontinued | Island of
Hawaii |
Figure 1:
Best track positions for
Hurricane Jimena, 28 August-5 September 2003. The portion of track
from 140°W to 180°W is based on analyses from the Central
Pacific Hurricane Center.
Figure 2:
Selected wind observations
and best track maximum sustained surface
wind speed curve for Hurricane Jimena, 28 August-5 September 2003.
Aircraft observations have been adjusted for elevation using 90%,
80%, and 80% reduction factors for observations from 700 mb, 850
mb, and 1500 ft, respectively. Best track wind speeds from 1200 UTC
30 August to 0600 UTC 5 September are based on analyses from the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and best track wind speeds after
0600 UTC 5 September are based on analyses from the Joint Typhoon
Warning Center.
Figure 3:
Selected pressure
observations and best track minimum central
pressure curve for Hurricane Jimena, 28 August-5 September 2003.
Besttrack minimum pressures from 1200 UTC
30 August to 0600 UTC 5 September are based on analyses from the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and best track minimum pressures
after 0600 UTC 5 September are based on analyses from the Joint
Typhoon Warning Center.
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