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Spectres d'ampoules
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Nomocas

Pré Floraison
Pré Floraison


Inscrit le: 11 Mai 2006
Fumeur n°: 742
Messages: 228
Localisation: à l'ombre de mon velux

Message Spectres d'ampoules
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Hello,

voici quelques tofs de spectres d'ampoules éco.

C'est tres simple a faire.

un 1/4 de cd mis dans le fond d'une boite de cornflakes mis à 45 degré dans le sens de la longueur, une fente de 1 mm sur la face opposé au cd devant laquel on place l'ampoule, et on matte par le dessus de la boite.

Bon ces tofs pourrait etre franchement mieux faite mais ca donne déja une idée...

Pour les tofs la, il y'a deux ampoules intéressantes car particulières :

la 5W bleu et la 40W chinoise.
La première a un spectre tres court mais qui s'étalle bien sur les bleus.
L'autre a un spectre tres complet, on voit bien que le dégradé est presque entier avec des stries plus lumineuse au dessus....

Enfin voila, n'hésitez pas à poster d'autres spectres, d'ailleurs ca pourrait être intéressant de pouvoir comparer avec une HPS, une MG, une MH, etc... en fonction des chaleur de couleurs.


liens explicatif :

http://www.tomatosphere.org/FR_Manual/light.html

http://www.ac-reims.fr/datice/.....soleil.htm

http://www.cegepat.qc.ca/tphys.....i%E8re.htm

http://b.schmerber.9online.fr/ecran/lumiere.htm
12/07/2006, 11:43:21 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
Nomocas

Pré Floraison
Pré Floraison


Inscrit le: 11 Mai 2006
Fumeur n°: 742
Messages: 228
Localisation: à l'ombre de mon velux

Message
Répondre en citant
la suite des tofs : (j'ai encore deux models dont je dois faire les tofs : 18 W sylavnia, 2700K, 1070 lumens, 6euros et 20 W philips, 1160 lums, sans indication de chaleurs)
12/07/2006, 11:44:09 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
acr

sensei


Inscrit le: 15 Jan 2006
Fumeur n°: 45
Messages: 5356

Message
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magnifique

je te files qqes données théoriques

Version anglaise seulement pour cette base de onnée colossale

je n'ai pris que ce qui était interessant, l'original compte 40 chapitres :

setting up your lights

1 intro
Citation:
Given the huge array of lighting products available in hydroponic stores and on the Internet, there seems to be a confusion of choices with regard to the question: "Which lighting system should I choose?" Would I do better using 1000W lights, or 600W lights, or even 400W lights? What make should the shade be? P.L.? Bell ? Hydrofarm? Diamond? Sunsystem? Max-Air? What about the bulb? Should it be Metal Halide (MH) or High Pressure Sodium (HPS)? And the confusing vocabulary-what are lumens, anyway? What are hortilux bulbs and gavita bulbs? What's an Envirolight? A batwing? A China Hat? What's a parabolic reflector and why is it parabolic? I heard horizontal lighting is the best, is this true? With regard to the brand names: do I go with Osram? Phillips? Sylvania ? What exactly is the chlorophyll wave spectrum and what's a nanometer?


2
Citation:
Photosynthesis And The Spectrum

The answers to all of the above can be found, if you read on. Just to refresh your memory, plants need light for a process called photosynthesis to take place. They take carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and convert it to chemical energy in the form of sugar, which the plant uses for nourishment. Combined with the water that is also necessary for plant growth, it enables the plant to release free oxygen. Although some current research points to UV radiation being beneficial to THC production in greenhouse-grown Cannabis sativa (23% higher THC content, than non-irradiated greenhouse-grown plants), most plants use mainly the spectrum of light that is visible to the human eye-although the light appears white, it is actually a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow.

This discovery was made back in the 1600's by English scientist Sir Isaac Newton. Using a prism, he was able to break down white sunlight into its many-coloured components. Newton proposed the theory that light consists of tiny particles that travel in straight lines through space. He called these particles corpuscles, and his theory became known as the corpuscular theory.



3

Citation:
Wave Theory Versus Corpuscular Theory

Around the same time, Dutch physicist Christian Huygens suggested that light consists of waves. He proposed the wave theory to explain the behaviour of light. The corpuscular and wave theories appear to be completely opposite, and scientists argued about them for about 100 years.

In 1801, the English physicist Thomas Young demonstrated that, under certain conditions, two light beams cancel each other out. Since water waves also behave this way, and because it was hard to understand how this could happen with particles, most scientists accepted Young's experiment as proof of the wave theory of light. Further proof was provided by another English physicist, James Clerk Maxwell in 1864-he proposed the theory of electromagnetism. According to this theory, energy in the form of waves should result from vibrating electric charges. Maxwell's theoretical waves had the exact mathematical properties that had been measured for light. The vibrating electric charges that produce light are the electric charges of the atom. Atomic physicists had already shown that these charges exist. Maxwell's work gave the wave theory of light a solid foundation.


4
Citation:
The Quantum Theory

It was evident that electric charges spinning around the nucleus of an atom could give off electromagnetic radiation. But scientists were puzzled why the atoms did not radiate all their energy rapidly and run down, like a winding watch. Their experiments did not gel with their theories. Then in 1900, the German physicist Max Planck proposed a theory that agreed with the experiments in radiant energy. His theory led scientists to our present understanding of light.

Planck theorized that radiant energy comes in little packets, which he called quanta. Quanta were later named photons. Planck's theory is called the quantum theory. In time, scientists realized that changes in the energy levels of atoms produced the emission of photons. They could then explain why atoms do not radiate all the time, but only after they become excited with additional energy. Planck's quanta pointed strongly to a particle nature for light, and the old controversy of whether light was a particle or a wave reappeared. But it was clear that both points of view were correct. Quantum mechanics assumes that both matter and radiation have particle and wave aspects.


5
Citation:
Other Light Inventions

During the 1900's, engineers began to experiment with gaseous-discharge lamps containing mercury. Their work resulted in fluorescent and mercury vapor lamps in the mid-1930's. Fluorescent lamps were developed in 1934 and came into public use in 1938.

Electroluminescence was discovered in 1936, leading to the illumination of many clock and radio dials. Light emitting diodes or LED's resulted from research on semiconductor devices in the 1960's. In the 1970's, researchers developed energy-conserving light sources, such as metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium discharge lamps. They also produced a fluorescent lamp that lasts almost 10 times as long as the incandescent lamp. In the 21 st century, nanotechnology is the new frontier of lighting science. IBM has just announced the creation of the world's smallest solid-state light emitter, which consists of an electrically controlled single molecule. It has revolutionary implications for the high-speed communications industry.


6
Citation:
Magnetic Versus Electronic Ballasts

HID lamps all work on the same principle, but they have different starting requirements, such as line voltage, operating characteristics, and time after ignition to reach optimum lumen output. Each lamp must have a ballast to get it started and maintain its level of light. Don't try to fit a bulb into a fixture, where the ballast wasn't meant for that particular bulb. In most cases you'll cut the life of the lamp in half by matching it with an incorrect ballast. So just because the bulb fits into the socket, doesn't mean that it's the correct bulb. A good rule of thumb is to buy the lamp, the fixture, and the ballast all at once from a reputable dealer.

HPS bulbs need an ignitor in the ballast, while MH bulbs have an ignitor in the base of the lamp. Ballasts also have a core and coil and a capacitor. They tend to heat up quite a bit-Jorge Cervantes suggests holding a strike-anywhere match to the body of the ballast. If it lights up, the ballast is too hot and should be taken back to the shop. The old fashioned magnetic ballast also makes a loud hum, some of which can be eliminated by tightening the assembly screws of the ballast box and all its components. Until recently, you had no choice, the only ballasts available for high wattage HID lamps were magnetic. Today, for wattages up to 400 you can choose the much more efficient electronic ballast for your HID's. If you prefer the more popular 600W or 1000W HID's, you'll just have to wait until the technology catches up with your preferences. Until then, you'll have to use the widely available magnetic ballasts.

Dual ballasts are also available, where you can switch between MH or HPS use, but these are more expensive and Cervantes suggests not using them. Their use results in diminished lumen output. Whether you use a magnetic or an electronic ballast, be sure to keep them off the floor where they could get wet. Best to build a shelving to hold the ballasts, and you might want to put them on thick foam to reduce the vibrational noise.


7
Citation:
Lighting For Plant Growth

Just as humans need a balanced diet, plants need balanced, full-spectrum light for good health and optimum growth. The quality of light is as important as quantity. Plants are sensitive to a similar portion of the spectrum as is the human eye. This portion of the light spectrum is referred to as photosynthetically active radiation or PAR, namely about 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength. Nevertheless, plant response within this region is very different from that of humans.

The human eye has a peak sensitivity in the yellow-green region, around 550 nanometers. This is the "optic yellow" colour used for highly visible signs and objects. Plants, on the other hand, respond more effectively to red light and to blue light, the peak being in the red region at around 630 nanometers. The graphs below show the human eye response curve and the plant response curve. Note the vast difference in the contours.

In the same way fat provides the most efficient calories for humans, red light provides the most efficient food for plants. However, a plant illuminated only with red or orange light will fail to develop sufficient bulk. Leafy growth (vegetative growth) and bulk also require blue light. Many other complex processes are triggered by light required from different regions of the spectrum. The correct portion of the spectrum varies from species to species. However, the quantity of light needed for plant growth and health can be measured, assuming that all portions of the spectrum are adequately covered. Light for plants cannot, however, be measured with the same standards used to measure light for humans. Some basic definitions and distinctions follow that are useful in determining appropriate ways to measure the quantity of light for hydroponic plant growth.

Measuring Light for Humans: Lumens and Lux
First, how do we measure light quantity for humans? The obvious way is based on how bright the source appears and how "well" the eye sees under the light. Since the human eye is particularly sensitive to yellow light, more weight is given to the yellow region of the spectrum and the contributions from blue and red light are largely discounted. This is the basis for rating the total amount of light emitted by a source in lumens.

The light emitted from the source is then distributed over the area to be illuminated. The illumination is measured in "lux", a measurement of how many lumens falls on each square meter of surface. An illumination of 1000 lux implies that 1000 lumens are falling on each square meter of surface. Similarly, "foot-candles" is the term for the measure of how many lumens are falling on each square foot of surface.

Clearly, both lumens and lux (or foot-candles) refer specifically to human vision and not to the way plants see light. "Lumens" is a meaningless term in the plant world, according to a paper published on Venture Lighting's website. (Be that as it may, many hydroponic stores still sell their lighting equipment rated by how many lumens they produce, so it helps to know both systems.) How then should the rating for plant lighting be accomplished? There are two basic approaches to develop this rating: measuring energy or counting photons.

Par Watts for Plants
Watts is an objective measure of energy being used or emitted by a lamp each second. Energy itself is measured in joules, and 1 joule per second is called a watt. A 100 watt incandescent bulb uses up 100 joules of electrical energy every second. How much light energy is it generating? About 6 joules per second or 6 watts, but the efficiency of the lamp is only 6%, a rather dismal number. The rest of the energy is dissipated mainly as heat. Modern discharge lamps like high pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH) convert (typically) 30% to 40% of the electrical energy into light. They are significantly more efficient than incandescent bulbs.

Since plants use energy between 400 and 700 nanometers and light in this region is called Photosynthetically Active Radiation or PAR, we could measure the total amount of energy emitted per second in this region and call it PAR watts. This is an objective measure in contrast to lumens which is a subjective measure since it is based on the response of the subjects (humans). PAR watts directly indicates how much light energy is available for plants to use in photosynthesis.

Photosynthetically Active Radiation
This is the photosynthetically active radiation sensor (called PhAR in the tables). It reports the number of photons it receives (effectively, photons are "light particles"). The units are "micromoles of photons". A mole would be 6.02 x 10**23 photons, and that's a lot of photons.

The sensor is about 10 centimeters (4 inches) in diameter and is located on top of an instrument shelter on top of a pier house.

The output of a 400 watt incandescent bulb is about 25 watts of light, a 400 watt metal halide bulb emits about 140 watts of light. If PAR is considered to correspond more or less to the visible region, then a 400 watt metal halide lamp provides about 140 watts of PAR . A 400 watt HPS lamps has less PAR, typically 120 to 128 watts, but because the light is yellow it is rated at higher lumens (for the human eye).

"Illumination" for plants is measured in PAR watts per square meter. There is no specific name for this unit but it is referred to as "irradiance" and written, for example, as 25 watts/square meter or 25 w/m 2.

Photons
Another means of measuring light quantity for plant growth involves the understanding that light is always emitted or absorbed in discrete packets called "photons." These packets or photons are the minimum units of energy transactions involving light. For example, if a certain photosynthetic reaction occurs through absorption of one photon of light, then it is sensible to determine how many photons are falling on the plant each second. Also, since only photons in the PAR region of the spectrum are active in creating photosynthesis, it makes sense to limit the count to PAR photons. A lamp could be rated on how many actual tiny photons it is emitting each second. At present no lamp manufacturer does this rating.

Instead, plant biologists and researchers prefer to talk of the flux of photons falling each second on a surface. This is the basis of PPF PAR with PPF standing for Photosynthetic Photon Flux, a process which actually counts the number of photons falling per second on one square meter of surface. Since photons are very small, the count represents a great number of photons per second, but the number does provide a meaningful comparison.

Another measure appropriate for plant growth, called YPF PAR or Yield Photon Flux, takes into account not only the photons but also how effectively they are used by the plant. Since red light (or red photons) are used more effectively to induce a photosynthesis reaction, YPF PAR gives more weight to red photons based on the plant sensitivity curve.

Since photons are very small packets of energy, rather than referring to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 photons, scientists conventionally use the figure "1.7 micromoles of photons" designated by the symbol "m mol." A m mol stands for 6 x 10 17 photons; 1 mole stands for 6 x 10 23 photons. Irradiance (or illumination) is therefore measured in watts per square meter or in micromoles (of photons) per square meter per second, abbreviated as m mol.m -2 .s -1

What's an "einstein?"
The unit "einstein" is sometimes used to refer to one mole per square meter per second. It means that each second a 1 square meter of surface has 6 x 10 23 photons falling on it. Irradiance levels for plant growth can therefore be measured in micro-einsteins or in PAR watts/sq. meter.

These three measures of photosynthetically active radiation, PAR watts per square meter, PPF PAR and YPF PAR are all legitimate, although different, ways of measuring the light output of lamps for plant growth. They do not involve the human eye response curve which is irrelevant for plants. Since plant response does "spill out" beyond the 400 nanometer and 700 nanometer boundaries, some researchers refer to the 350 - 750 nanometer region as the PAR region. Using this expanded region will lead to mildly inflated PAR ratings compared to the more conservative approach in this discussion. However, the difference is small.

Photosynthesis and Photomorphogenesis
Plants receiving insufficient light levels produce smaller, longer (as compared to wide) leaves and have lower overall weight. Plants receiving excessive amounts of light can dry up, develop extra growing points, become bleached through the destruction of chlorophyll, and display other symptoms of excessive stress. Plants are also damaged by excessive heat (infrared) radiation or extreme ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Within the acceptable range, however, plants respond very well to light with their growth rate being proportional to irradiance levels. The relative quantum efficiency is a measure of how likely each photon is to stimulate a photosynthetic chemical reaction. The curve of relative quantum efficiency versus wavelength is called the plant photosynthetic response curve as shown earlier in this section.

It is also possible to plot a curve showing the effectiveness of energy in different regions of the spectrum in producing photosynthesis. The fact that blue photons contain more energy than red photons would need to be taken into account, and the resulting curve could be programmed into photometry spheres to directly measure "plant lumens" of light sources instead of "human lumens." This is likely to happen at some point in the future. In fact, manufacturers like Venture Lighting International now provide PAR watt ratings for their Sunmaster line of lamps designed for the plant growth market.

The main ingredient in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis is chlorophyll. Some researchers extracted chlorophyll from plants and studied its response to different wavelengths of light, believing that this response would be identical to the photosynthetic response of plants. However, it is now known that other compounds (carotenoids and phycobilins) also result in photosynthesis. The plant response curve, therefore, is a complex summation of the responses of several pigments and is somewhat different for different plants. An average is generally used which represents most plants, although individual plants may vary by as much as 25% from this curve. While HPS and incandescent lamps are fixed in their spectral output, metal halide lamps are available in a broad range of colour temperatures and spectral outputs. With this in mind, the discriminating grower can choose a lamp that provides the best spectral output for his needs.

In addition to photosynthesis which creates material growth, several other plant actions (such as germination, flowering, etc.) are triggered by the presence or absence of light. These functions, broadly classified as photomorphogenesis, do not depend much on intensity but on the presence of certain types of light beyond threshold levels. Photomorphogenesis is controlled by receptors known as phytochrome, cryptochrome, etc., and different plant functions are triggered in response to infra red, blue or UV light.

Summary
Plants "see" light differently than human beings do. As a result, lumens, lux or footcandles should not be used to measure light for plant growth since they are measures used for human visibility. More correct measures for plants are PAR watts, PPF PAR and YPF PAR, although each in itself does not tell the whole story. In addition to quantity of light, considerations of quality are important, since plants use energy in different parts of the spectrum for critical processes.



8
Citation:
Wall Reflection Materials

If you neglect to put some reflective material on the walls of your grow room, you're losing a lot of light that could potentially benefit your plants. By far the best, and most expensive, is Foylon, which reflects 97% of the light that hits it. Better check with your neighbourhood hydroponics store, to make sure that they stock it.

A budget conscious measure where Foylon is concerned, is to only use it immediately adjacent to the plants (the actual growth area-the growing zone), and the rest of the walls could be covered with flat white paint. Dollar for dollar, the best value where reflective materials are concerned is to use 6 mil white poly, which is 85% reflective. One side white, the other side black. It can be added to both walls and floors, providing some reflective light to lower leaves. There is also Aluminex, your store might have it under a different name, it's a good product, not as expensive as Foylon, and it's 85-90% reflective. Most stores offer Chrome Mylar, but this has several factors working against it. It's hard to apply, the coating on the back comes off easily, and it's got hot spots all around, very poor light diffusion. It's just like a mirror-poor reflectability-stay away from it. The cheapest is flat white paint, not semi-gloss or gloss. Ask the paint store to add more titanium oxide, which is a whitener, and also a fungus inhibitor, since you'll be using it in moist conditions. Some people try to save money and use aluminum foil-don't use it, it has horrible reflectability.


9
Citation:
UV-B Radiation & THC levels

Cannabis sativa contains a number of secondary metabolites (cannabinoids) that are species specific. Some researchers contend that cannabinoid production is genetically controlled and influenced by environmental factors. Although the mechanism is unknown, a relationship exists between cannabinoid content and the altitude at which C. sativa is grown.

It was noticed, that wild, mature Indian C. sativa had the highest cannabinoid content at 1000 to 2000 metres elevation. One likely factor which may be of significance to cannabinoid production in both high-altitude and tropical environments is ultraviolet radiation. The Graduate School of the Department of Botany, University of Maryland undertook a study in 1986 on the effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis, growth, and cannabinoid production of two greenhouse-grown C. sativa chemotypes (drug and fibre). The plants were irradiated for 40 days, and then infrared gas analysis was used to measure the physiological response of mature leaves, whereas gas liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of cannabinoids in leaf and floral tissue. They found that the drug chemotype had a 23% increase of THC content, but not of the other cannabinoids. The fibre cultivar was unaffected.

There are 3 types of ultraviolet radiation, and only one is helpful in cannabis cultivation-and that is UV-B. UVA is found in the region between 320 and 400 nanometers on the spectrum and is the least powerful wavelength band of UV radiation. UVA acts primarily to cause the melanin pigments of the skin to oxidize (darken) creating the cosmetic tan and has limited power to cause erythema (sunburn).

UVB is found in the region between 280 and 320 nanometers. It comprises the wavelengths primarily associated with erythema, is also necessary for the production of Vitamin D in the skin and is primarily responsible for the stimulating increased melanin production. UVB wavelengths (at 305 nm) have 1,000 times more erythemal power than UVA wavelengths. UVB is the one friendly to cannabis. UVC is found in the region between approximately 100-280 nanometers and is called germicidal UV because of its proven effectiveness in killing single-cell organisms. Solar radiation in the UVC range is absorbed almost entirely by the atmosphere and that is fortunate considering that even a short overexposure to UVC is very harmful to the eyes and causes severe erythema, or sunburn. For this reason, protective eyewear should be worn, if you are spending a lot of time in a grow room equipped with HID lamps.

Now if you're interested in increasing your THC content by exposing your marijuana plants to helpful UVB radiation, you may want to get in touch with Wolff System ( www.wolffsystem.com ) or any local supplies carrying a line of Wolff System tanning lamps.

"While studying the beneficial effects of ultraviolet light on athletes, German scientist Friedrich Wolff noticed an interesting side effect - tanned skin. Realizing the appeal of a beautiful tan, Wolff founded the indoor tanning industry. His research led to development of indoor tanning equipment and lamp technology. Called "the father of indoor tanning," Wolff brought his European technology to the United States in 1978. He set the standard for the industry with specialized lamps and a reflector system that was ideally suited to indoor tanning. Today, the company operates in North America and Western Europe , and has patent licensees in Belgium , Canada , Germany , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States ."

If you're using tanning lights as supplemental, don't get rid of your HID lights. You still need them for the healthy growth of your plants, both in the blue and red ends of the spectrum. And one more thing, UVA producing black lights don't work on marijuana plants. They've been tried, with dismal results.


10
Citation:
Light Reflectors

If you neglect to put some reflective material on the walls of your grow room, you're losing a lot of light that could potentially benefit your plants. By far the best, and most expensive, is Foilan, which reflects 97% of the light that hits it. Better check with your neighbourhood hydroponics store, to make sure that they stock it.

A budget conscious measure where Foilan is concerned, is to only use it immediately adjacent to the plants (the actual growth area-the growing zone), and the rest of the walls could be covered with flat white paint. Dollar for dollar, the best value where reflective materials are concerned is to use 6 mil white poly, which is 85% reflective. One side white, the other side black. It can be added to both walls and floors, providing some reflective light to lower leaves. There is also Aluminex, your store might have it under a different name, it's a good product, not as expensive as Foilan, and it's 85-90% reflective. Most stores offer Chrome Mylar, but this has several factors working against it. It's hard to apply, the coating on the back comes off easily, and it's got hot spots all around, very poor light diffusion. It's just like a mirror-poor reflectability-stay away from it. The cheapest is flat white paint, not semi-gloss or gloss. Ask the paint store to add more titanium oxide, which is a whitener, and also a fungus inhibitor, since you'll be using it in moist conditions. Some people try to save money and use aluminum foil-don't use it, it has horrible reflectability.


11
Citation:
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamps

High-pressure sodium arc or discharge lamps resulted from further experimentation with metal vapor arc lamps. They resemble mercury vapor lamps, but the arc tube is made of aluminum oxide, instead of glass or quartz, and it contains sodium metal. The lamp produces what is seen by the naked eye as yellowish-white light, but is actually on the orange and red end of the spectrum. In horticulture, these lamps are used at the later stages of a plant's life, the budding and flowering stage.

High-pressure sodium discharge lamps turn 50% of the electrical energy into visible light. Because their output is much more pleasant to look at, they have replaced mercury vapor in streetlight applications. Another version of the sodium arc-lamp, the low-pressure sodium discharge lamp, is the most efficient lamp known today in turning electricity into light-it transforms a full 80% of the electrical energy into light energy. But it requires a physically big bulb and its light is monochromatic yellow, which literally cannot render colours at all. This limits the number of applications of this highly efficient lamp.

High Pressure Sodium lamps are shaped differently than Metal Halide lamps. A ceramic arc tube contains sodium and mercury, with a little xenon gas for starting. The sodium discharge dominates the colour, producing the orange-red light. Electricity passes through electrodes at the ends of the arc tubes. If the lamp is turned off or a power surge occurs, the gasses will need to cool three to 15 minutes before restarting is possible.


12

Citation:
Son Agro HPS Lamp

Son Agro is a special kind of HP sodium lamp, with a 30% increase in the blue end of the light spectrum. The Son Agro bulb also burns brighter than a regular 400-watt HP sodium lamp, and it is recommended if a "single source" HP sodium lamp is required in a grow room. Although Son Agro lamps do not come in 1000-watt varieties, two 430-watt lamps are generally more desirable than one 1000-watt regular HP sodium. The colour spectrum will be more natural, and the light will be more evenly distributed throughout the grow room.


13

Citation:
Conversion Bulbs

Conversion bulbs are available for some metal halide ballasts. The bulb looks like a metal halide, but produces a light spectrum similar to a HP sodium lamp. The 360-watt conversion bulb works on a 400-watt metal halide ballast, and the 940-watt bulb works on a 1000-watt metal halide ballast. Although not as bright as regular HP sodium lamps, conversion bulbs are more economical than buying two complete systems.


14

Citation:
Hortilux HPS & MH Bulbs

Designed by Iwasaki (EYE lighting) exclusively for horticultural use. If you have an MH system, an HPS conversion bulb provides the red light which is needed in the flowering and reproductive stages. If you have an HPS system, Hortilux also makes a line of MH conversion bulbs, that provide generous amounts of the blue light necessary for the earlier, vegetative stage of the plant's growth. Either way, all you have to do is change the bulb, and you can go from seedlings to buds with the same system.



15
Citation:
EYE Hortilux Conversion Bulbs

HID conversion bulbs are system specific. Sodium conversion bulbs produce sodium light and are designed to be used in Metal Halide or mercury vapor systems only. Halide conversion bulbs produce halide light and are designed to be used in High Pressure Sodium fixtures only.

EYE Hortilux Metal Ace Retrofit Metal Halide bulbs
If you own a High Pressure Sodium HID system, you can instantly convert it to the white light of a metal halide with a Metal Ace halide conversion bulb. Universal burning, these bulbs are for use in either horizontal or vertical fixtures. They provide optimal blue spectral energy required for vegetative growth. They transform a one-dimensional high pressure sodium system into a more versatile growing system.

Specifications:
M400LU/HTL
Initial lumen output: 40,000
Mean Life Hours: 20,000
Colour Temperature: 4500 degrees Kelvin
CRI: 65
(for use in 400W high pressure sodium fixtures only)
retails for $89 U.S. on the internet
M1000BLU/HTL
Initial Lumen output: 110,000
Mean Life Hours: 12,000
Colour Temperature: 4500 degrees Kelvin
CRI: 65
(for use in 1000W high pressure sodium fixtures only)
retails for $189 U.S. on the internet

EYE Hortilux Ultra Ace EN Retrofit High Pressure Sodium conversion bulbs
If you own a metal halide or mercury vapor HID system, you can instantly convert it to a high pressure sodium with the Ultra Ace EN sodium conversion bulb. Great for increasing flower production! They use less electricity and produce more light than the metal halide bulb they replace. They transform a one-dimensional Metal Halide system into a complete growing system. The bulb provides optimum red spectral energy required for flowering. Life rated for 24,000 hours, it is universal burning, for use in both horizontal and vertical fixtures. EN designation assures these lamps pass EPA, TCLP test criteria as non-hazardous waste, which means these bulbs are environmentally friendly.

Specifications:
NH360HTL/EN
Initial Lumen output: 45,000
Mean Life Hours: 24,000
Colour Temperature: 2100 degrees Kelvin
CRI: 28
(for use in 400W metal halide or mercury vapor fixtures only)
retails for $99 U.S. on the internet

NH940B/HTL/EN
Initial Lumen output: 130,000
Mean Life Hours: 24,000
Colour Temperature: 2100 degreed Kelvin
CRI: 28
(for use in 1000W metal halide or mercury vapor fixtures only)
retails for $189 U.S. on the internet


15

Citation:
Envirolight

This is a self-ballasted, low energy use, and full daylight spectrum fluorescent light. The Envirolight in marijuana horticulture is usually used at the early stages of plant propagation, when a whole number of seedlings can be placed on a light cart in a tight space and full spectrum lighting is desired. The new technology of electronic ballasts provide for instant, flicker-free illumination, compared to early designed magnetic ballasts. Envirolights have a rated life of 10,000 hours before intensity may diminish. The heat generated is far less than any HPS or Metal Halide light source. Working temperature is so low, that you can actually touch the bulb while it is on without injury. It can be brought as close to the tops of your tiny plants as is necessary. The Envirolight is available not only in full spectrum (6400K), but also red spectrum (2700K), making it ideal as a sidelight during the flowering stage of your plants.



16

Citation:
Diamond Lighting

Diamond claims that they have made great improvements on their 10-years-old LumenArcII lights with LumenArcIII. Using a Licor L1250 Light Meter in a flat, black room with a distance of four feet from the tops of the plants to the reflector, the LumenArcIII increased lumen output by 20% using a 400W HPS, and 45% using a 1000W HPS.

A removable specular insert redirects 25% more available light down on to the plants, while tempered glass encloses the open bottom of the hood allowing plants to grow safely within extreme proximity of the reflector. The LumenArcII is an air-cooled shade and is designed to accommodate 400W or 1000W High Pressure Sodium or Metal Halide, depending on the user's preference. It also features a detachable remote ballast so the reflector is lighter and easier to hang. The LA3 Reote features the same 12-sided optically engineered design as the powerful LumenArcIII. Its patent pending design and specular aluminum construction enable it to have 84.8% efficiency. The LA3 produces a very high level of light output in a consistent distribution pattern over a large growing area. It eliminates the need to constantly adjust the height of the reflector above your plants, for the sake of light intensity. Mount it once and let it do the work, says their literature.

AgroSun Gold Metal Halide Bulbs
It's being marketed as Halide and Sodium in one super bulb. As the blurb says: "The incredible new AgroSun Gold has 49% more red spectrum than ordinary halide bulbs while maintaining super bulb brightness."

Available in 1000 watt horizontal and universal burning configurations, as well as horizontal 400 and 250 watt configurations, these bulbs have reportedly been acclaimed by professional greenhouse growers as well as home hobbyists as being the best plant growth bulbs on the market today.

AgroSun Gold provides the full spectrum of light for healthy plant growth, with more red spectrum than any other halide for increased fruiting and flowering response.

AgroSun GOLD SPECIFICATIONS

MS1000 Horizontal BT37
Initial Lumen Output: 118,500
Mean Life Hours: 12,000
Color Temperature: 3000 degrees Kelvin
For use in 1000 watt metal halide horizontal fixtures with socket positioning slot only.

MH1000 Universal BT37
Initial Lumen Output: 110,000
Mean Life Hours: 12,000
Color Temperature: 3000 degrees Kelvin
For use in all 1000 watt metal halide fixtures.

MS400 Horizontal ED37
Initial Lumen Output: 40,000
Mean Life Hours: 20,000
Color Temperature: 3000 degrees Kelvin
For use in 400 watt metal halide horizontal fixtures with socket positioning slot only.

MS250 Horizontal ED28
Initial Lumen Output: 20,000
Mean Life Hours: 10,000
Color Temperature: 3000 degrees Kelvin
For use in 250 watt metal halide horizontal fixtures with sock


17


voila un bon résumé de ce qui se fait en lumière en ce moment

pris chez AN

http://www.advancednutrientsme.....ghting.php

ensuite

maitreoneome a écrit:
De même, en light on fais 2 grande différence en colorimétrie pour obtenir une tricromie (coloration du flux lumineux) :

synthèse additive :
mode de représentation de la couleur dans lequel le blanc est produit par addition des 3 couleurs primaires : le Rouge, le Vert et le Bleu. C’est le procédé utilisé en vidéo où les 3 composantes couleurs du signal, la trichromie, sont notées RGB ou RVB.
C’est aussi le procédé utilisé par la combinaison des faisceaux des projecteurs (on va vers le blanc), mais pas des filtre-gélatines.
=utilisation d'un filtre dichroique
=ce dit de filtre dichroïque (ou interférentiel), fabriqué par métallisation d’un support. Contrairement aux gélatines qui utilisent l’absorption des couleurs parasites et donc s’échauffent, ils fonctionnent par réflexion dans des couches très minces de matériaux d’indice de réfraction très précis, ce qui donne une couleur plus pure et plus brillante tout en permettant une grande résistance à la chaleur (350 °C). C’est le même principe qui donne des réflexions de couleur sur les bulles de savon et les CD.
On les utilise aussi comme filtre anticalorique (en bloquant les infrarouges) ou même pour augmenter la température de couleur de la source.
C’est les raisons pour lesquelles, bien que beaucoup plus chers, ils sont très utilisés, sous forme de disque en dégradé circulaire très fin, dans les projecteurs motorisés (Scans).

Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.

Synthèse soustractive :
mode de représentation de la couleur dans lequel le noir est produit par la superposition des couleurs : Cyan, Magenta, Jaune. C’est le procédé utilisé pour imprimer sur du papier (mais on doit rajouter de l’encre Noire car il est impossible d’avoir des pigments de couleur pure et la superposition des 3 couleurs donne en pratique un marron foncé).
C’est aussi le procédé utilisé par les filtre-gélatines : une gélatine filtre la lumière blanche et soustrait une partie de ses radiations (on va vers le noir).
Deux gélatines différentes dans un même projecteur fonctionnent en synthèse soustractive (e.g. 1 filtre magenta + 1 filtre rouge donne un faisceau rouge). Les scans utilisent ainsi 3 filtres dichroïques, sous forme de disques en dégradé circulaire très fin, pour obtenir par trichromie une gamme de couleur étendue.
= on obtien notre couleur par absorbtion de ce que l'on ne veux pas.

Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.

Dans ton cas je pense qu'on vas faire de la synthèse additive donc modifié, mélangé les longueurs d'ondes "a hauteur de ce que chacune apporte" mais pas les mettre en résonance, comme tu dis.
Je garantie rien, je vais quand même vérifié ton histoire de "résonance", jamais entendue parlé de ce phénomène en lumière.

A contrario en son, tu peux émettre une fréquence qui en annule une autre.



enfin quelques petits graphiques

Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.


Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.

Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.

c'est un peu général tu fera le tri mais ca reste interessant à lire je trouve

++
acr
12/07/2006, 11:55:43 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
Nomocas

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Merveilleux !!!.....
12/07/2006, 12:06:07 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
el mosquito nulo

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mais c'est quoi ce bouquin ! ? ! ?? !
il nous le faut tous !

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16/07/2006, 18:55:57 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
Nomocas

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tres bonne question.....

sinon donc je réalise un truc....

partons de :

ce qui intéressent nos plantes c'est
- un nombre élévé de photons/surface
- des photons avec des fréquences partculières (correspondants aux "couleurs" adaptés au spectre capté par la plante)

tout le monde est d'accord?

Ensuite quelques def : (source : www.wikipedia.org)

Flux lumineux : (lumen)
Le flux lumineux est la grandeur visuelle qui correspond à la puissance lumineuse émise par une source. Il correspond au flux émis dans un angle solide de 1 stéradian par une source dont l'intensité uniforme vaut 1 candela.

(Il ne faut pas confondre le flux lumineux avec le flux énergétique émis par cette même source : en effet, selon leur longueur d'onde, les radiations électromagnétiques produisent des sensations d'intensité très variable ou pas de sensations du tout, si l'on se situe en-dehors du domaine de la lumière visible.)

(Pour tenir compte de la sensibilité différente de l'œil humain à chaque longueur d'onde du rayonnement, on corrige la puissance du rayonnement électromagnétique par un calcul d'intégrale tenant compte,)

le Stéradian :
Le stéradian (symbole: sr) est l'unité SI d'angle solide. Il est l'équivalent tri-dimensionnel (3-D) du radian (2-D).
( = un volume sur le bord d'une sphère)

La candela :
La candela est l'intensité lumineuse, dans une direction donnée, d'une source qui émet un rayonnement monochromatique de fréquence 540×10^12 hertz et dont l'intensité énergétique dans cette direction est 1/683 watt par stéradian.

D'où, une remarque quantitative :

(on oublie pour l'instant que le calcul des lumen est corrigé en fonction de la sensibilité de l'oeuil humain)

une ampoule, quelque quel soit, balance un flux de photons par unité de volume, ce qu'on appelle les lumens... (donc un nombre de photons par unité de volume).

==> donc si je mets deux ampoules l'une à coté de l'autre, j'augmente le nombre de photons par unité de volume, vu que la nouvelle ampoule balance elle aussi un flux lumineux au travers du même volume.

Donc il y' a obligatoirement plus de photons qui arrivent sur une même surface sur la plante... ce qui est mieux évidement...

Donc je comprend pas pourquoi des bruits courent comme quoi les lumens ne s'additionnent pas....


++

(ps : est ce que personne n'aurait l'aimable gentillesse de faire une photo du spectre de son hps? un cd suffit si la seul source de lumière dans la pièce est la hps.. simplement prendre la photo du reflet anisotropé (réfléchi avec le cd) de la lumière de la hps sur une surface blanche (ou sur le cd même).)
17/07/2006, 11:27:41 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
Franklin

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pour avoir eu un cours d'optique balèze (école de cinéma oblige) je confirme que les lumens s'additionnent.

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Images postées, cliquer dessus pour la voir en pleine page.
17/07/2006, 16:43:01 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
TeSdY

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Voila qui repond a une question que je me posait depuis tres longtemps Smile
merci beaucoup les gars , je vais je pense installer une 3eme HPS pour la Floraison de ma prochaine culture Very Happy

Ce forum est Vraimant utile Wink merci a vous tous les Experts de partager votre savoir Smile


comme dit Crazzy-Dog (et il est vraimant efficace la dessus) "le savoir ne vaut que si il est partagé"
:respect: :respect: :respect:

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17/07/2006, 16:51:37 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
Nomocas

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Super !!! Smile

c'est clair que de toute façon et suivant toute logique, il ne peut en être autrement...

merci franklin
17/07/2006, 21:30:02 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
C-Rhum3

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Voilà la fin d'un grand mystère et de long débat ... mais je reste un peu sceptique Confused
Le terme "addition de lumen" me dérange un peu, même avec un reflecto qui ne perd aucun rayon je ne pense pas qu’un luxmètre te donnera 15000 lumens si tu mets 10 eco. 1500 lum. les une contre les autres, . et en plus l'addition des ampoules n’augmente pas proportionnellement la force de pénétration dans le feuillage.
Pour les compact flash, d'expérience je pense que 2 ampoules 40 W valent mieux que 4 de 20W (avec rendement proportionnel) pour faire des onebud par exemple, si il n’y à pas une « grosse » ampoule à moins de 3 cm des buds ça ne gonflera pas autant que si il y en à plein de petites.

A demain chez toi avant midi pour une journée bricolage qui risque de tourner en grand débat reflecto Wink

++

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17/07/2006, 23:44:30 Voir le profil de l'utilisateur Envoyer un message privé
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