2nd c. C.E. - Earliest mentions of the Jews in the Roman province of Dacia.
12th c. C.E. (second half)- Benjamin of Tudela describes the Vlachs living south of the Danube and their relations with the Jews.
14th c., first half- A Jewish quarter is mentioned in the town of Cetatea Alba (Bolgrad), Bessarabia.
1473-1474- Isaac Beg, a Jewish doctor sent over by Sultan Uzun Hassan, is accredited at the court of Stephen the Great of Moldavia.
Before 1480 - Jewish merchants are mentioned as traveling on the commercial roads of the Romanian principalities.
1532, February 10- In a letter to Danish philologist Johannes Campensis the Romanian humanist Nicolaus Olahus expresses interest in learning Hebrew.
c1550- A Sephardic community is first mentioned in Bucharest.
1593-1594- The Italian geographer Giovanni Antonio Magini notes the presence of Jews in Moldavia in Michael the Brave's days.
1618-1620- Del Medigo and Shlomo Ibn Arvay, prominent rabbinical personalities of the Jewish Middle Ages, are signaled in Iasi. Their visit confirms the presence of an organized community in the Moldavian capital.
1623, June 18- Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania issues an edict granting privileges to the Jews.
1640- Documents indicate the presence of Jewish physicians at Prince Vasile Lupu's court in Moldavia.
1640 - The Govora bill of rights (pravila) includes a provision on the status of Jewish converts to Christianity.
1646 - Cartea romdneasca de invaxatura ("The Romanian Book of Learning") published in Ia~i contains legal pro­visions with respect to the Jews.
1653 - For fear of Cossack uprising led by Bogdan Chme­lnitzki, Ukrainian Jews seek refuge in Moldavia, accord­ing to a chronicle by Neta Nathan Hannover, who serves as rabbi in Iasi during the late 17th c. His testimonial is issued in Venice.
- The Swedish preacher Conrad Jacob Hildebrandt men­tions Jewish communities in the towns of Alba Iulia, Iasi, Soroca, and Stefanesti.
1657 - Documents indicate Jewish communities living in Craiova and Targoviste.
1676 - 1677 - Date of the oldest tombstone still standing in the Jewish cemetery of Piatra Neamt, Moldavia.
1686 - A synagogue is mentioned in the belt makers' neigh­bourhood in lasi.
1694 - 1701 - A Jewish guild is mentioned in the records of the Walachian Treasury under Prince Constantine Brancovan.
1698 - Documents show the existence of a synagogue in the town of Focsani.
1702- 1704 - Jewish physicians and apothecaries are mentioned as practicing their trade at Constantine Brancovan's court.
1715- Oldest tombstone inscription preserved in the Jewish cemetery of Sevastopol Street in Bucharest.
1717 - Demetrius Cantemir's Descriptio Moldaviae, which includes significant references to the Jews of Moldavia, appears in St Petersburg.
1720 - 1721 - Jews are mentioned in a public conscription taking place in several northwestern Transylvania counties.
1724 - Documents acknowledge the presence of the Jewish doctor and philosopher Daniel de Fonseca at the court of Nicholas Mavrocordat, prince of Walachia.
1727 - 1743 - Register of Prince Constantine Mavrocordat contains important data on the Jews of Moldaiva.
1731 - A statute regularizes the Sacred Brotherhood (Jewish Society for medical and funeral assistance) of the Jews in Oradea.
1741 - Jewish community in Iasi decides to elect secular leadership on an annual basis.
1756, April, - Earliest known princely decree confirming the appointment of a hakham bashi, supreme leader of the entire Jewish community in Moldavia and Walachia.
1774 - Census conducted by the Russian military administration in Moldavia finds around 1, 300 Jewish heads of families.
1780, August 18 - Prince Constantine Moruzi of Moldavia issues a decree authorizing the Jews to found the borough of Soldanesti (Falticeni)
1783 - Ordinance by the lieutenancy of Bratislava regulates status of the Jews in western Transylvania in accordance with Emperor Joseph II's Edict of Tolerance.
1792, May 30 - Boyar Costache Mares enters an agreement with a group of Jews he has sent for abroad to settle a market town on his estate of Vladeni (now Mihaileni)
1803 - Condica liuzilor, a tax register of the Moldavian Treasury, records about 3000 Jewish heads of families.
1804 - Prince Alexander Constantine Moruzi of Moldavia renews a rule which prohibits Jews from leasing land estates.
1816 - 1817 - Art. 141 in Prince Callimachi's Code authorizes Jews to buy houses and shops in the Moldavian towns.
1818 - Prince Caragea of Walachia approves a request of the Bucharest Sephardim to build a synagogue in one of the suburbs.
1831- 1832 - Organic Regulations go into force in Walachia and Moldavia providing that the Jews, though living there for centuries, shall be regarded as aliens and have no political rights.
1834 - 1849 - Reign of Michael Sturza in Moldavia mixes privileges to the Jews with anti-Jewish restrictions. Jews are encour­aged to settle in Moldavia, found new towns, hold morefairs, and multiply fair days.
1846 - 1847 - A Great Synagogue is built and inaugurated in Bucharest.
1848 - A number of Jewish intellectuals and craftsmen join the revolutionary movements. Jewish bankers Davicion Bally and Hillel Manoah, painters C.D. Rosenthal and Barbu Iscovescu, and others provide active support to the Revolution.
1848 - Manifesto of the Romanian Revolution in Moldavia stipulates gradual emancipation of the Israelites.
1848, June 9 - Islaz Proclamation is adopted. Art. 21 provides the "Emancipation of the Israelites."
1852, August, 28 - Romanian-Israelite school with Romanian tuition opens in Bucharest.
1857, March 22 - Israelitul Roman ("The Romanian Israelite"), the first Jewish newspaper in the Romanian principalities, is published in Bucharest in Romanian and French.
1859, January 24 - Unification of Moldavia and Walachia into a national Romanian state. A. I. Cuza is elected prince, the first of modern Romania, and reigns till 1866.
1864 - Cuza gives a speech in which he promises the gradual emancipation of the Jews.
1866 - Carol of Hohenzollern becomes prince of Romania following Cuza's abdication.
1866 - The first Constitution of modern Romania provides in Art. 7 that only Christians can become Romanian citi­zens. Jews native of Romania are declared stateless per­sons. A Jewish problem officially develops in Romania.
1867, July 6 - Bucharest's Choral Temple is consecrated. Representatives and consuls of several foreign powers, the mayor of Bucharest, cabinet ministers, members of Parliament such as N. Lahovari, I. Marghiloman, etc., attend the ceremony. Rabbi Antoine Levy gives the inaugural speech.
1867 - The Jews of Hungary, those dwelling in Transylvania implicitly included, become Hungarian citizens, enjoy­ing all rights shared by whosoever country's habitant.
1877 - 1878 - Romania's War of Independence. The Jewish population provides material support for the military. Drafted Jews go to battle fields. Financed and manned by the Jews, the Zion ambulance service operates in the combat area.
1879 - Under pressure of the Berlin Peace Conference, Art. 7 of the Constitution is amended granting non-Christians the right to become Romanian citizens. A number of 888 Jews are naturalized for having fought in, or supported, the War of Independence. This does not resolve the Jewish problem, though. Naturalization is granted on a case-by-case basis and is subject to Parliament approval. An application takes over ten years to process. By 1913 as few as 2,000 persons, including the 888 war partici­pants, had been naturalized.
1897 - Representatives of Romanian Zionist Movement parti­cipate to the First International Congress of Zionism, which takes place in Basel, Switzerland.
1899 - A Romanian census records 266,652 Jewish residents, or 4.5 percent of total population.
1909 - The Native Jews Union is created with the main goal of securing naturalization of all native Jews.
1913 - Nicolae Iorga's History ofthe Jews in Our Lands is pub­lished. Though with an anti-Jewish bias, it is the first survey of the country's Jews by a Romanian historian.
1916 -1919 - Romania's unifying war. Over 20,000 Jews, accounting for 10 percent of Jewish residents, are enlisted or enlist voluntarily. Of them, 882 die in action and more than 700 others are wounded; 825 are decorated.
1918 - Romania's Great Unification. The country's Jewish organizations hail the historic fulfillment of Romanian endeavours. The number of Jewish residents rises three­fold, as new provinces join their homeland.
1922 - The Union of Jewish Communities in the Old Kingdom is accredited.
1922 -1932 - Jewish personalities and organizations get involved in parliamentary activity.
1923 - The Native Jews Union turns into Romanian Jews Union.
1923 - New Constitution is adopted. Art. 133 extends Romanian citizenship to all Jewish residents and equal­ity of rights to all Romanian citizens. The Jews are thereby granted political rights equal to those of all other citizens.
1930 - Census counts 756,930 Jewish residents, or 4.2% of total population. 32.99% of Jewish residents were occu­pied in trade, 29.9% in the processing industry, and over 4% in liberal professions.
1931 - The Jewish Party of Romania is founded.
1937 - The Federation of Jewish Communities Unions (FUCE) is established.
1937 - Goga-Cuza government takes office. Anti-Semitism becomes state policy.
1940, July 10 - FUCE issues a declaration of solidarity with the Romanian nation, as the state loses the provinces of Bessarabia and Bukovina.
1940, August - A law-decree imposes a legal status of the Jews based on the racist principles of the Nuremberg legislation that Nazi Germany had adopted in 1935.
1940, August - Dictate of Vienna decides that Transylvania's northern and western part is to be given up to Hungary. Over 150,000 Romanian Jews used to live on this territory.
1940, September Romania is proclaimed a National Legionary State.
1940, Sep.-1941, Jan. - Generalisation of anti jewish legislation. The ruling Legionnaires foster a policy of loot and terror against the Jews.
1941, January 22-23 - Over 120 Jews are killed in Bucharest pogrom associated with the Legionnaire rebellion.
1941, June 22 - Romania joins Nazi Germany in war against Soviet Union. Anti-Jewish terror sets in.
1941, June 29-July 6 - Massacre of the Jews in Ia*i. Eight to twelve thousand Jews are killed either shot down in the streets and at police headquarters, or suffocated in death trains introduced for this purpose.
1941, June-July - The Jews are evacuated from the countryside and small towns and forced to relocate in county capitals. Those from oil-rich basins are interned in the Teis-Targoviste camp. Groups of Moldavian Jews are interned in Targu Jiu camp for political detainees.
1941, summer and fall - Pogroms in Bessarabia and Bukovina. The Jewish residents of Bessarabia and those of northern and southern Bukovina are deported to Trans-Dniester death camps.
1942, fall - Deportations are halted. Antonescu regime for circumstantial reasons refuses to deport the Jews from Romania to Nazi death camps.
1944, May-June - Horthyite occupation regime deports the Jews from northern Transylvania to Nazi death camps.
1944, August 23 - Antonescu regime is overturned in Romania.
After 1944- The Communist regime gradually takes control of the country. Mass emigration of the Jews begins. Most of them immigrate to Israel. Those that stay behind go through a deep social and economic restructuring and are gradually integrated in the new social and economic structures of Romanian society.
1948 - The State Jewish Theater opens in Bucharest.
1949,June- The Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania (FCER) and the Mosaic religion are given legal status.
1956- Revista cultului mosaic ("The Magazine of the Mosaic Cult") - renamed Realitatea Evreiasca ("JewishReality") in 1995 - starts to be published.
1977 - The Center of Romanian Jewish History Research is established.
1978- The History Museum of the Jewish Communities in Romania opens in Bucharest. The Romanian Jewish History Documentation Center is established.
After 1989- FCER expands its activity.
1994- FCER elects a new leadership consisting of Acad. Prof. Dr. Nicolae Cajal as president, engineer Theodor Blumenfeld as general secretary, and advocate Iulian Sorin as assistant general secretary. FCER coordinates the activity of 48 local communities. Youths account for about one-fifth of the 12,000 community members.